[User]
Which numbered sense of "close" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are <t>close</t> to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Senses:
1. definition=at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other | examples=close to noon
2. definition=close in relevance or relationship | examples=a close family
3. definition=not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances | examples=near neighbors
4. definition=rigorously attentive; strict and thorough | examples=close supervision
5. definition=marked by fidelity to an original | examples=a close translation
6. definition=(of a contest or contestants) evenly matched | examples=a close contest
7. definition=crowded | examples=close quarters
8. definition=lacking fresh air | examples=a dusty airless attic
9. definition=of textiles | examples=a close weave
10. definition=strictly confined or guarded | examples=kept under close custody
11. definition=confined to specific persons | examples=a close secret
12. definition=fitting closely but comfortably | examples=a close fit
13. definition=used of hair or haircuts | examples=a close military haircut
14. definition=giving or spending with reluctance | examples=our cheeseparing administration
15. definition=inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information | examples=although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "close" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are <t>close</t> to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."

The phrase is "close to finding". This means they are near to discovering it, almost there, not far from achieving the goal.

Let me look at the senses:

1. at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other | examples=close to noon
2. close in relevance or relationship | examples=a close family
3. not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances | examples=near neighbors
4. rigorously attentive; strict and thorough | examples=close supervision
5. marked by fidelity to an original | examples=a close translation
6. (of a contest or contestants) evenly matched | examples=a close contest
7. crowded | examples=close quarters
8. lacking fresh air | examples=a dusty airless attic
9. of textiles | examples=a close weave
10. strictly confined or guarded | examples=kept under close custody
11. confined to specific persons | examples=a close secret
12. fitting closely but comfortably | examples=a close fit
13. used of hair or haircuts | examples=a close military haircut
14. giving or spending with reluctance | examples=our cheeseparing administration
15. inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information | examples=although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it

"Close to finding" - this means they are near in terms of progress/degree/circumstances to finding the gene.

Sense 1: "at or within a short distance in space or time" - example "close to noon" (time). This could fit as "close to finding" implies near in time or degree.

Sense 3: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances" - example "near neighbors". This also seems relevant because "not far distant in degree or circumstances" could apply to being close to achieving something.

Wait, let me think carefully. In WordNet or similar dictionaries, "close" when used with "to" + verb/gerund like "close to finding" or "close to solving" usually maps to sense 1 or 3.

Let me look at the exact definitions again:

1. at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other | examples=close to noon
3. not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances | examples=near neighbors

Actually, looking at standard dictionary senses for "close":
- Sense 1 often covers "close to" in terms of proximity in space/time
- Sense 3 is similar but might be more about physical proximity

Wait, the example for sense 1 is "close to noon" - that's exactly the structure "close to [noun/time]". The sentence has "close to finding" where "finding" is a gerund. But the structure is similar.

However, sense 3 says "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances". Being "close to finding" is about degree of progress (near completion).

But sense 1 says "at or within a short distance in space or time". The example "close to noon" is time. "Close to finding" could be seen as time or degree.

Actually, looking at WordNet senses for "close" (adjective):

WordNet 3.1 senses for close (adj):
1. at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other - "close to noon", "close to retirement"
2. close in relevance or relationship - "a close family"
3. not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances - "near neighbors", "in the near future", "they are near equals"
4. rigorously attentive; strict and thorough
...

Wait, sense 3 example is "near neighbors". But "near" and "close" are synonyms here.

Actually, I need to be careful. The question seems to be from a specific dataset, likely WordNet or a similar lexical semantic resource. Let me think about which sense ID corresponds to "close to" + V-ing.

In many lexical sense inventories:
- "close to" meaning "nearly" or "almost" is often sense 1.
- But let's look at the exact wording.

Sense 1: "at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other" | examples=close to noon
Sense 3: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances" | examples=near neighbors

Hmm, "close to noon" is explicitly given as an example for sense 1. "Close to finding" is semantically very similar to "close to noon" - both indicate proximity, one in time (noon) and one in progress/degree (finding).

But wait, "close to finding" means they are on the verge of finding. This is analogous to "close to noon" (on the verge of noon). So sense 1 seems right.

However, sense 3 includes "degree or circumstances". "Close to finding" could be "not far distant in degree" from finding. But the example "near neighbors" suggests physical proximity.

Let me reconsider. In the sentence, "are close to finding" - this is an idiomatic usage meaning "nearly" or "almost". In WordNet, the sense "close#1" is usually "at or within a short distance in space or time". The example "close to noon" is given. Since "finding" here represents a point in progress (similar to a point in time), sense 1 seems the best match.

But I should double-check if there's a better fit. Sense 3: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances". If I interpret "finding" as an event that hasn't happened yet but will soon, it's about time. If I interpret it as degree of completion, it's about degree. Both senses 1 and 3 could potentially fit.

However, looking at the example for sense 1: "close to noon". This is exactly the construction "close to [noun phrase]". The sentence is "close to finding [another gene...]". The grammatical construction is identical.

In WordNet, sense 1 for close (adjective) is:
S: (adj) close (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other) "the near future"; "they are near equals"; "in the near term"; "the near past"; "a near relationship"; "close to noon"; "how close are we to town?"; "a close formation of ships"

Wait, actually I recall that in WordNet, "close" sense 1 and "near" sense 1 are similar. Let me think about the exact mapping.

Actually, looking at the provided senses, sense 1 explicitly includes the example "close to noon". The target sentence uses "close to finding". The word "finding" acts as a gerund/noun. So "close to finding" = near to the discovery. This is very analogous to "close to noon" = near to noon.

Sense 3 has example "near neighbors". This seems to be the sense where "close" means "nearby" attributively or predicatively without "to". Like "the neighbors are close" (physically near). But with "to", it's usually sense 1.

Wait, but sense 3's definition says "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances". Could "close to finding" fit here? "Not far distant in degree from finding"? That seems a stretch.

Let me look at sense 1 again: "at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other". The phrase "a short distance in time" from finding? Or "within a short distance in degree"?

Actually, in many standard tests for word sense disambiguation (like the one from WordNet glosses), "close to" + verb/gerund is typically sense 1.

For example, in SemCor or similar corpora:
- "close to the edge" -> space (sense 1/3)
- "close to tears" -> degree (sense 1/3)
- "close to death" -> time/degree

But given the explicit example "close to noon" under sense 1, and the fact that "close to finding" is metaphorically a temporal/proximal distance, I believe the answer is 1.

However, I want to be absolutely sure. Let me think about whether sense 3 could be correct. Sense 3's example is "near neighbors". This is clearly physical proximity. The definition says "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances". This sense might be used when "close" modifies a noun directly: "a close friend" (relationship distance), "close relatives" - wait, no, that's sense 2.

Actually, looking carefully:
Sense 2: close in relevance or relationship | examples=a close family
Sense 3: not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances | examples=near neighbors

"Near neighbors" are people who live nearby. This is physical proximity. But sense 1 also covers physical proximity and time.

The distinction between sense 1 and 3 might be:
- Sense 1: close + to (with the preposition) - indicating approach to a point
- Sense 3: close (predicative or attributive) meaning nearby in space/time/degree without necessarily the "to" construction? But the definition doesn't specify.

Wait, the example for sense 3 is "near neighbors". In this example, "near" is used, not "close". But the sense is for "close". So "close neighbors" would be sense 3.

But "close to noon" is explicitly sense 1. Since our target is "close to finding", and "finding" is an event/state like "noon", I strongly lean toward sense 1.

Let me reconsider if any other sense fits. Could it be sense 2? "Close in relevance or relationship" - no, they're not emotionally close to finding a gene. Sense 4? No. Sense 6? "Close to finding" doesn't mean evenly matched.

So it's between 1 and 3. Given the example "close to noon" under sense 1, the pattern "close to + [point/event]" is sense 1. "Finding" here is an event/achievement. So the answer should be 1.

Actually, wait. I should look at the exact WordNet sense mapping because these definitions look like they come from WordNet. In WordNet 3.0:

close (adjective)
Sense 1: close -- (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other; "the near future"; "they are near equals"; "in the near term"; "the near past"; "a near relationship"; "close to noon"; "how close are we to town?"; "a close formation of ships")
Sense 2: close -- (close in relevance or relationship; "a close family"; "close kin"; "a close resemblance")
Sense 3: near, close, nigh -- (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances; "near neighbors"; "in the near future"; "they are near equals"; "his nearest approach to success"; "a very near thing"; "a near hit by the bomb"; "she was near tears"; "she was close to tears"; "a close call")
Sense 4: close -- (rigorously attentive; strict and thorough; "close supervision"; "paid close attention"; "a close study"; "kept a close watch on expenditures")
...

Wait! In WordNet sense 3, one of the examples is "she was close to tears". That's the exact construction "close to [plural noun/state]". And "she was near tears" is also listed. So "close to tears" is sense 3.

And in sense 1, we have "close to noon".

So what's the difference? Let me think. In WordNet:
- Sense 1: close (adj) - near in space/time, or having elements near each other. The examples include "close to noon", "how close are we to town?". This seems to be the literal spatial/temporal sense, often with measurable distance.
- Sense 3: near, close, nigh - not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances. Examples: "near neighbors", "in the near future", "they are near equals", "his nearest approach to success", "a near hit", "she was near tears", "she was close to tears", "a close call".

Ah! "She was close to tears" is explicitly in sense 3. This suggests that "close to" + abstract state/achievement is sense 3. "Close to tears" is about degree/circumstances. "Close to finding" is also about degree/progress (not far distant in degree from finding).

But "close to noon" is in sense 1. Why? Because noon is a specific point in time, a literal temporal distance. "Close to tears" is a degree/circumstance. "Close to finding" - is it more like "close to noon" (a point you approach) or "close to tears" (a state you are nearly in)?

Finding a gene is an achievement/event. "Close to finding" means their research has progressed to a point where the discovery is imminent. This is similar to "close to success" (and we see "his nearest approach to success" in sense 3).

Actually, looking at sense 3 examples again: "his nearest approach to success", "a near hit", "she was close to tears". These are all about being at a small degree of distance from a condition or outcome. "Close to finding" fits this pattern well.

But "close to noon" is sense 1. Time is literal. However, "in the near future" is sense 3. So time can be sense 3 too.

Let me look more carefully. The WordNet entry might group:
- Sense 1: close = near (with some specific usages)
- Sense 3: near/close/nigh = not far distant...

Actually, in WordNet, sense 1 and sense 3 are very close. But sense 3 explicitly includes "close to tears". The phrase "close to finding" is analogous to "close to tears" - both are "close to" + gerund/participle/abstract noun.

Wait, "tears" is a noun, not a gerund. But "finding" is a gerund. "Close to success" - success is a noun. "His nearest approach to success" uses "near", not "close", but the synonym set includes close.

Given that "she was close to tears" is explicitly listed under sense 3, and "close to finding" is semantically similar (on the verge of an abstract condition/achievement), I think sense 3 might be the correct answer.

But wait, let me reconsider sense 1. "Close to noon" is there. If "finding" is viewed as a temporal event (the moment of discovery), then "close to finding" could be like "close to noon". But "finding" in this context is an accomplishment, not a scheduled time.

Let me check if there's any other clue. The sentence: "are close to finding another gene". This means they are on the verge of discovering it. In many dictionaries, "close to" meaning "on the verge of" or "nearly" is a specific usage.

Looking at the definitions again:
1. at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other
3. not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances

Definition 3 explicitly mentions "degree or circumstances". Being close to finding something is about degree of progress. Definition 1 mentions "space or time". While finding is an event in time, the emphasis here is on the degree of completion of their research.

Also, the example "near neighbors" for sense 3 shows physical proximity, but the definition is broader. The example "they are near equals" (which is in the WordNet gloss for sense 3) shows degree. "Close to finding" = near equals in terms of having found it.

Actually, I recall now. In WordNet:
- Word sense 1 for "close" is the base adjective meaning near in space/time.
- Word sense 3 is actually the same as "near" and "nigh" - it's a satellite adjective? No, in WordNet "close" has multiple senses.

Let me try to reconstruct the exact WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 entry for "close" (adjective):

1. close (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other)
   => close to noon, how close are we to town?
2. close (close in relevance or relationship)
   => a close family
3. near, close, nigh (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances)
   => near neighbors, in the near future, they are near equals, his nearest approach to success, a very near thing, a near hit, she was near tears, she was close to tears, a close call
4. close (rigorously attentive; strict and thorough)
   => close supervision
...

If this is accurate, then "she was close to tears" is explicitly sense 3. "Are close to finding" would pattern with "close to tears" rather than "close to noon". The difference seems to be:
- Sense 1: literal measurable proximity in space/time (close to noon, close to town)
- Sense 3: imminence or being on the verge of, not far in degree/circumstances (close to tears, close call, near success)

Wait, but "close to noon" is literal time. "In the near future" is also time but in sense 3. So the boundary is fuzzy. However, "close to tears" and "close to finding" both involve being on the brink of a state/action. This is more about degree/circumstances than literal time/space.

Actually, looking at the provided sense list, sense 3's example is only "near neighbors". It doesn't include "close to tears". The user-provided sense list might be truncated or simplified. But the definition says "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances". The key is "degree or circumstances".

"Close to finding" = not far distant in degree from finding. This fits sense 3 perfectly.

But sense 1 says "at or within a short distance in time... or having elements near each other". Could "finding" be considered a time? "They are at a short distance in time from finding" - yes, that works too.

However, in standard WSD datasets (like the ones used in NLP), "close to" + V-ing is often annotated as sense 1 or sense 3 depending on the exact inventory. Given that the user explicitly provided examples, and sense 1 has "close to noon" while sense 3 has "near neighbors", I need to decide which is more analogous.

"Close to noon": noon is a temporal reference point. You are near that point in time.
"Close to finding": finding is an event. You are near that event in time/progress.

If the event is viewed as a point in time, sense 1. If viewed as a degree of accomplishment, sense 3.

But actually, looking at real usage in lexical databases, I found that in some versions, "close to" with a verb (like "close to solving") is often sense 1 because it's the basic spatial/temporal metaphor. However, "close" meaning "nearly" (as in "close to tears") is sense 3.

Let me think about the phrase "close to the truth". Is that sense 1 or 3? You are near the truth in terms of degree. That would likely be sense 3.

What about "close to death"? That could be either, but often it's sense 3 (circumstances/degree).

Given the ambiguity, let me look for more clues. The sentence says "are close to finding another gene". This is a common collocation. In dictionary definitions, "close to" + verb is typically under the "near in time/space" sense, which is usually the first sense.

But wait - the user might be using a specific dataset like the "English Lexical Sample" from Senseval or SemEval. In those datasets, the sense definitions are from WordNet. Let me try to recall specific annotations.

In SemEval-2007 task 17 (English Lexical Sample), or earlier Senseval, "close" was one of the target words? I'm not sure.

Let me think about this differently. The example "close to noon" under sense 1 shows that sense 1 allows the preposition "to" introducing a temporal point. "Finding" is an event. Events are temporal. So "close to finding" = near the time of finding. This is sense 1.

But sense 3's definition includes time too: "not far distant in time". So both allow time.

However, sense 1's definition starts with "at or within a short distance in space or time". Sense 3's definition is "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances". These are extremely similar. The difference in WordNet is that sense 3 is actually a separate synset that groups "near", "close", and "nigh" together, while sense 1 is "close" alone.

In WordNet, sense 1 of "close" is the primary adjectival sense, and sense 3 is a satellite adjective linked to "near". Actually, no - in WordNet all these are adjective senses. Let me check: "close" in WordNet has adjective senses that are not satellites (those are marked as similar to). Actually, "close" is a very polysemous word.

Wait, I think I should look at the structure of the definitions provided. They look like they might be from WordNet but slightly reformatted. In WordNet 3.0:

Sense 1: close (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other)
Sense 2: close (close in relevance or relationship)
Sense 3: near, close, nigh (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances)

The fact that sense 3 explicitly lists synonyms "near, close, nigh" suggests it's a broad sense covering general proximity. The example "near neighbors" uses "near", not "close", but the sense applies to "close" too.

But in the user's list, sense 3's example is just "near neighbors". Sense 1's example is "close to noon".

Given the explicit example "close to noon" for sense 1, and the target is "close to finding", the parallel is very strong: both are "close to" + [event/time/achievement].

However, "noon" is a specific time of day. "Finding" is an action/achievement. But grammatically they are both noun phrases (gerund functioning as noun).

Let me search my internal knowledge for how "close to discovering" or "close to finding" is typically tagged. In many WSD systems, the preposition "to" is a strong indicator. When "close" is followed by "to", it usually disambiguates toward the spatial/temporal sense (sense 1 or 3).

Actually, I recall now. In the Oxford English Dictionary or learner's dictionaries, there are two main branches:
1. Near in distance or time (often with "to")
2. Near in relationship/feeling (close friend)
3. Careful/strict (close attention)
4. Similar (close match)
5. Stuffy (close room)
6. Mean (close with money)
7. Secretive (close about something)

For "close to finding", it's sense 1: near in time or progress.

But looking at the specific numbering in the prompt, sense 1 has example "close to noon". This is almost certainly the intended answer because the test maker likely chose an example that parallels the target structure. The target is "close to finding", which is structurally identical to "close to noon" and semantically about temporal/imminent proximity.

Wait, but what if the test maker is tricky and wants us to notice that "close to noon" is time while "close to finding" is degree? Unlikely. The safest bet is sense 1 because of the direct parallel with the example.

However, I want to examine sense 3 one more time. "Not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances". The phrase "not far distant in degree" is exactly "almost" or "nearly". "They are close to finding" = they have almost found it = not far distant in degree from finding. This is a very precise match.

And "close to noon" = not far distant in time from noon. This also matches sense 3's definition. So why is "close to noon" in sense 1? Because sense 1 also covers time.

Perhaps sense 1 is specifically for when "close" is used with "to" to indicate approach to a specific point, while sense 3 is for general proximity? But the definitions don't clearly distinguish this.

Let me try to find the exact source. These look like WordNet definitions but the user has selected specific examples. In WordNet 3.0, the examples for sense 1 (close#1) include:
- "close to noon"
- "how close are we to town?"
- "a close formation of ships"

And for sense 3 (close#3, which is the same synset as near#1, nigh#1):
- "near neighbors"
- "in the near future"
- "they are near equals"
- "his nearest approach to success"
- "a very near thing"
- "a near hit by the bomb"
- "she was near tears"
- "she was close to tears"
- "a close call"

So in the actual WordNet, "she was close to tears" is sense 3, not sense 1. The user's sense 3 only lists "near neighbors" as an example, but the definition is the same as WordNet sense 3.

Given that "close to tears" is sense 3 in WordNet, and "close to finding" is analogous (both are on the verge of an abstract condition/action), I think the answer is likely 3.

But wait - "close to noon" is sense 1. "Close to tears" is sense 3. What's the difference?
- Noon is a fixed point in time/space.
- Tears is a state/condition.
- Finding is an event/achievement.

Actually, "his nearest approach to success" is sense 3. "Success" is an achievement, like "finding". "Close to finding" is very similar to "approach to success". This strongly suggests sense 3.

Also, "a close call" (sense 3) is about degree of danger - nearly had an accident. "Close to finding" is about degree of progress.

So I'm now leaning toward sense 3. But I need to be careful because the user only provided "near neighbors" as an example for sense 3, which might make people think it's only about physical proximity. However, the definition explicitly includes "degree or circumstances".

Let me reconsider sense 1. Definition: "at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other". The phrase "at or within a short distance in... time" from finding. Finding is an event in time. So you are at a short distance in time from the event of finding. This works.

But why would WordNet put "close to tears" in sense 3 and "close to noon" in sense 1? Let me think about the semantic distinction.

Sense 1: The core meaning of proximity. When you say "close to noon", you can measure the time (e.g., 11:55 is close to noon). When you say "close to town", you can measure the distance. This is the literal, spatial/temporal sense.

Sense 3: A broader, more metaphorical sense of proximity in degree, likelihood, or circumstances. "Close to tears" doesn't mean you can measure the distance; it means you are in a state that is almost tears. "Near equals" means almost equal in degree. "Close call" means almost an accident. "Close to finding" means almost having found - it's degree of completion.

This distinction makes sense. "Finding" in the sentence is not a scheduled time like noon; it's an achievement that is nearly complete. Therefore, it's about degree/circumstances, not literal time. So sense 3.

But wait - the event of finding could be seen as a future point in time. "When will they find it? They are close to that moment." In that reading, it's temporal. However, the more natural reading is about progress: their research has progressed to a point where discovery is imminent. This is degree.

In many WSD annotation guidelines, "close to" + V-ing is often mapped to the "near" sense (sense 3 in WordNet) because it's an idiomatic extension. But I'm not entirely sure.

Let me try to see if there's a pattern in the examples:
Sense 1 examples: close to noon (time), how close are we to town? (space), a close formation of ships (space)
Sense 3 examples: near neighbors (space), in the near future (time), they are near equals (degree), his nearest approach to success (degree), a near hit (degree), she was near tears (degree/circumstance), she was close to tears (degree/circumstance), a close call (degree)

So sense 1 seems to be literal, measurable proximity (space/time). Sense 3 includes literal proximity but also degree/metaphorical proximity. The key is that sense 3 explicitly covers degree.

"Close to finding" = degree of progress. So sense 3.

However, "close to noon" is literal time. Is "close to finding" literal time? The finding will happen at some future time, but we don't know when. It's not like noon which is a fixed time. So it's less about literal time and more about imminence/degree. Thus sense 3.

But I'm still uneasy because the user put "close to noon" as the example for sense 1, and the test sentence is "close to finding". Many people might choose 1 by analogy.

Let me think about the source again. This might be from the "Word Sense Disambiguation" dataset where the senses are ordered by frequency. Sense 1 is the most frequent. The example "close to noon" is given. The test sentence might be intended to be sense 1 because it's the most common sense for "close to + event".

Actually, I just realized something. In the sentence, "are close to finding" - the word "close" here could be replaced by "near". "Are near to finding" or "are near finding". In WordNet, "near" and "close" are synonyms in sense 3, but not in sense 1? Actually, in sense 1 you can also say "near to noon" or "close to noon".

Let me try a different approach. If I look up "close to" in a dictionary:
- "Close to" meaning "almost" or "nearly" is a phrasal use. In many dictionaries, this falls under the first definition of "close" (near in space or time), extended to mean "nearly".

In the Cambridge Dictionary:
close (adjective) - near in space, time, or state.
- "close to" + noun/verb: "I was close to tears." "We're close to finishing."

This would be the first/main sense.

In the provided list, sense 1 is "at or within a short distance in space or time". Sense 3 is "not far distant in time or space or degree". These are very close. But sense 1 is the primary sense.

Given the ambiguity, I need to decide which is more likely the expected answer. The question asks: "Which numbered sense... is used in the sentence below? Return only the number."

If this is from a standard test set, I should try to determine the correct WordNet sense. Let me think about the WordNet sense 3 again. The synset for sense 3 is:
{close#3, near#1, nigh#1}
Definition: not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances
Examples: "near neighbors"; "in the near future"; "they are near equals"; "his nearest approach to success"; "a very near thing"; "a near hit by the bomb"; "she was near tears"; "she was close to tears"; "a close call"

The example "she was close to tears" is explicitly in this synset. "Close to finding" is analogous. The key is that "close to tears" is not literal time/space but degree. Since "finding" is also not a specific time point but an achievement, it belongs here.

But "close to noon" is in sense 1. Noon is a specific time. "Finding" is not a specific time on the clock. So sense 1 is less appropriate.

Therefore, the answer is 3.

Wait, but I want to double-check. Is there any chance "close to finding" is sense 1? Let me think of "how close are we to finding a cure?" If someone asks this, are they asking about literal time or degree? It's about progress. In WordNet, "his nearest approach to success" is sense 3. "Finding another gene" is an approach to success. So sense 3.

However, I recall that in some simplified sense inventories, all "close to" + NP constructions are sense 1. But the presence of sense 3 with "degree or circumstances" is the distinguishing factor.

Let me look at the exact wording of sense 3 again: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances | examples=near neighbors"

The example "near neighbors" is physical space. But the definition explicitly extends to degree. The test sentence is exactly about degree (of completion of research).

So I will go with 3.

But wait, I just reconsidered. Let me look at sense 1: "at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other | examples=close to noon"

"Close to noon" is time. "Close to finding" could easily be seen as time (the time until they find it is short). Research progresses, and the moment of discovery is a future point in time. They are near that point in time. This is exactly parallel to "close to noon".

Also, in WordNet, why is "close to noon" sense 1 and "she was close to tears" sense 3? Because "noon" is an objective temporal/spatial reference point, while "tears" is a subjective state. "Finding" is an objective event (the discovery). It will happen at a specific moment. So it might be sense 1.

But "his nearest approach to success" is sense 3, and success is an objective achievement. So achievements can be sense 3.

Let me try to find if "close to finding" appears in any annotated corpus. I recall that in the British National Corpus or similar, "close to" + V-ing is quite common.

Actually, I think the most defensible answer is 1, because:
1. The example "close to noon" directly parallels "close to finding" in structure.
2. "Finding" can be nominalized as an event in time.
3. Sense 3's only given example is "near neighbors", which suggests physical proximity, and test-takers are expected to match the given examples.
4. In many dictionary entry formats, the first sense covers "close to" + noun/gerund meaning "nearly".

But I'm really torn. Let me think about the phrase "close to the edge". That's literal space, sense 1. "Close to death" - often tagged as sense 1 or 3? In WordNet, "close to death" might be sense 3 because it's degree/circumstances. But death is also a future event in time.

Hmm. Let me reconsider the WordNet structure. In WordNet, sense 1 and sense 3 of "close" are actually very similar, but sense 3 is grouped with "near" and "nigh". The key difference might be that sense 1 requires the preposition "to" to link to the reference point when used predicatively? No, "how close are we to town" uses "to".

Actually, looking at the examples for sense 1 again from WordNet:
- "the near future" (but this uses "near", not "close")
- "they are near equals" (near)
- "in the near term" (near)
- "the near past" (near)
- "a near relationship" (near)
- "close to noon" (close)
- "how close are we to town?" (close)
- "a close formation of ships" (close)

Wait, many of these examples use "near", not "close". This is because WordNet groups senses and gives examples from the synset. The synset for sense 1 might actually be {close#1, near#2} or something. Let me not get bogged down.

Given the provided options and the need to choose one number, and considering that "close to finding" means "nearly finding" which is about degree, and sense 3 explicitly mentions "degree", while sense 1 does not mention degree, I think the answer is 3.

Wait, sense 1 says "at or within a short distance in space or time". It does NOT mention degree. Sense 3 says "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances". The sentence is about degree of progress. Therefore, sense 3 is the only one that explicitly covers this meaning.

Yes! That's the key. Sense 1 covers space and time only. Sense 3 covers time, space, AND degree or circumstances. Since being "close to finding" is about degree of completion (not literal space or measurable time), it must be sense 3.

For example, "close to noon" (sense 1) is about time - a measurable temporal distance. "Near neighbors" (sense 3) is about space, but sense 3 also covers degree. "Close to finding" is degree. So sense 3.

I'm now fairly confident the answer is 3.

But let me reconsider one more time. Could "finding" be interpreted as a temporal event? "They are close to the moment of finding." If so, it's time, and sense 1 could apply. However, the sentence emphasizes the research progress: "are close to finding another gene". This is about the degree of their research progress, not the time on a clock. They might find it tomorrow or next year; "close" here means their work has progressed to the point where the discovery is imminent, which is degree.

Also, if the answer were 1, the test would be too easy because the example "close to noon" is almost identical in structure. But the test asks to identify the sense, implying there might be a subtle distinction. The distinction is that sense 1 = space/time, sense 3 = degree/circumstances. The sentence is about degree.

Therefore, I will answer 3.

Actually, no. I just realized I may have made an error. Let me re-read sense 1 and 3 very carefully.

Sense 1: "at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other"
- This includes time. "Close to noon" is time.
- Does it include degree? No.

Sense 3: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances"
- This includes degree.

Now, is "close to finding" about time or degree? It's about being on the verge of an action. In linguistics, this is often called the "proximative" aspect. It indicates that an action is about to happen. This is primarily a temporal notion (imminence), though it can be metaphorical.

But in WordNet, "she was close to tears" is sense 3. Tears are not a scheduled temporal event; it's a state. "Finding" is an event. Is an event more like "noon" (time) or "tears" (state)? It's an event, like "success". "His nearest approach to success" is sense 3. So "finding" = success = event/achievement = sense 3.

Also, "a close call" (sense 3) is an event that nearly happened. "Close to finding" is an event that is nearly happening. This fits sense 3.

So yes, 3.

However, I want to check one more thing. Could the answer be 1 because the user-provided example for sense 1 is "close to noon" and the test maker expects structural matching? In many multiple-choice questions based on examples, they expect you to match the pattern. But here the patterns are:
- Sense 1: close to + temporal noun
- Sense 3: near + spatial noun (neighbors)

The test sentence: close to + gerund (finding)

If the test maker only provided one example per sense, and sense 1's example is "close to noon", they might expect sense 1 because it's the only one with the "close to" structure. Sense 3's example is "near neighbors" - no "to". So a test-taker might reason: "The target uses 'close to', and only sense 1 has an example with 'close to'. Therefore sense 1."

But that would be a weak question if the answer is 3, because the example doesn't illustrate the "close to" structure. However, the definition of sense 3 doesn't preclude "close to". And "close to tears" is a standard example for that sense.

Given that this is likely a WordNet-based question from a NLP dataset, the correct answer is probably 3, because "close to" + abstract achievement is sense 3. But I'm not 100% sure.

Let me try to think about what the "elements near each other" part in sense 1 means. "Having elements near each other" - a close formation of ships. This is about spatial arrangement. "At or within a short distance in space or time" - this is the core locational/temporal sense.

Sense 3: "not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances". This is a broader sense that includes metaphorical nearness.

In many WSD papers, "close" is indeed ambiguous between these senses. But "close to" + V-ing is usually sense 3? Or sense 1?

I found a similar example in my training data: "We are close to solving the problem." In many contexts, this is considered the "near" sense. If I have to map to the provided senses, and sense 3 is the only one mentioning "degree", then "close to solving" = near in degree = sense 3.

I will go with 3.

Wait, I just changed my mind again. Let me look at the exact sentence: "are close to finding another gene". This is a news sentence. In journalistic English, "close to finding" means "on the verge of finding" or "about to find". This is a temporal imminence. "They are close to a discovery."

In WordNet, "in the near future" is sense 3. Future is time. So temporal imminence can be sense 3. But "close to noon" is sense 1.

The difference might be that sense 1 is for "close" as a predicate adjective with "to" phrase indicating a destination or point: "close to noon", "close to town", "close to the station". Sense 3 is for "near" as an attributive or predicative adjective indicating general proximity, and also in fixed expressions like "close call", "close to tears".

But "close to noon" is predicative with "to". So that theory fails.

Let me try to find the exact mapping by considering the word "close" in WordNet 3.0:

1. close (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other)
2. close (close in relevance or relationship)
3. near, close, nigh (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances)
4. close (rigorously attentive; strict and thorough)
5. close (marked by fidelity to an original)
6. close (of a contest or contestants) evenly matched
7. close (crowded)
8. close (lacking fresh air)
9. close (of textiles)
10. close (strictly confined or guarded)
11. close (confined to specific persons)
12. close (fitting closely but comfortably)
13. close (used of hair or haircuts)
14. close (giving or spending with reluctance)
15. close (inclined to secrecy or reticence about divulging information)

Now, looking at actual WordNet data, sense 1 examples include "close to noon". Sense 3 examples include "she was close to tears".

The distinction in WordNet seems to be:
- Sense 1: close = near (the word "close" itself, primarily spatial/temporal, with elements near each other)
- Sense 3: close = near/nigh (a synonym set where "close" is listed as a synonym of "near", covering broader proximity including degree)

In practice, many uses of "close to" + abstract noun/gerund fall under sense 3 because they involve degree. "Close to tears" (degree of emotional state), "close to success" (degree of achievement). "Close to noon" is a specific time point, so sense 1.

"Finding another gene" is an achievement. It's not a time on the clock. So sense 3.

I will answer 3.

Actually, I want to check one more thing. Is there any possibility it's sense 2? "Close in relevance or relationship" - no, that doesn't fit.

Okay, final answer: 3.

Wait, I just realized something. The user wrote: "Senses: 1. definition=... | examples=close to noon". The example is explicitly "close to noon". The target is "close to finding". If the intended answer were 3, why would they give "close to noon" as the example for 1, which might mislead people? Because "close to noon" and "close to finding" are structurally identical. This suggests the test maker might consider them the same sense. If they wanted to test sense 3, they might have given an example like "close to tears" or "a close call". The fact that they gave "close to noon" for sense 1 suggests that sense 1 is the "close to" sense, and sense 3 is the general "near" sense (as in "near neighbors").

In many simplified dictionaries, "close to" meaning "almost" is indeed the first sense. For example:
1. Only a short distance away or apart in space or time. (with example "close to noon")
And "close to finding" would fall here as "only a short distance away in time" (the time until finding is short).

Sense 3 might be a different usage, perhaps as in "a near neighbor" or "the near future" - but note that "near" is the example word, not "close". The user might have copied WordNet sense 3 which uses "near" as the primary word, and "close" is a less common variant in that sense.

Actually, in WordNet, sense 3 is the "near" synset, and "close" is a member. But "close" in that sense might be less common or more idiomatic (close call, close to tears). The primary sense for "close to + point" is sense 1.

Given the example "close to noon" under sense 1, and the structural identity with "close to finding", I think the intended answer is 1. The test likely expects you to match the "close to" construction.

But "close to finding" is about degree/progress, not time. However, non-linguists might not distinguish these. The question might be from a dataset where the annotator chose 1.

Let me think about the phrase "close to an answer". If I look this up in my internal knowledge, "close to an answer" is usually considered the primary sense of close (near).

I think I need to make a decision. I'll go with 1 because:
1. The example "close to noon" is explicitly provided for sense 1 and is structurally parallel.
2. "Finding" can be construed as a future temporal point (the moment of discovery).
3. In many practical dictionaries, this falls under the first sense.
4. Sense 3's example "near neighbors" does not use "close to" and suggests a different usage.

However, I'm still uneasy because "degree" in sense 3 is such a perfect match. But looking at the exact wording: sense 1 is "at or within a short distance in space or time". The word "finding" represents an event; the distance in time until that event is short. This is a coherent reading.

Let me see if I can find any authoritative source. In the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary:
close (adj) 1. near in space or time
- "Our house is close to the school."
- "Christmas is close."
- "She was close to tears." (Wait, in Oxford, "close to tears" is under the first sense!)

Yes! In many learner's dictionaries, "close to tears" is under the first sense (near in space or time), extended to states. If "close to tears" is sense 1 in Oxford, then "close to finding" is almost certainly sense 1 in this inventory.

In WordNet, "close to tears" is sense 3, but the user's inventory might be different or might follow a more traditional dictionary ordering where all "close to" + abstract are sense 1.

Given that the user provided "close to noon" as the only example for sense 1, and no "close to" example for sense 3, the safest answer is 1.

But wait, the user might have taken these senses from WordNet exactly. In WordNet, "close to tears" is sense 3. The user only listed one example per sense for brevity. They chose "near neighbors" for sense 3 because it's a clear example of the "near" synonym. They chose "close to noon" for sense 1 because it's a clear example of temporal proximity.

If the user is using WordNet senses, then "close to finding" should be sense 3 by analogy to "close to tears" and "near success".

Let me count the senses. There are 15 senses. This is exactly the number of adjective senses for "close" in WordNet 3.0! Let me verify:

WordNet 3.0 adjective senses for "close":
1. close (at or within a short distance...)
2. close (close in relevance or relationship)
3. near, close, nigh (not far distant...)
4. close (rigorously attentive...)
5. close (marked by fidelity to an original)
6. close (of a contest or contestants) evenly matched
7. close (crowded)
8. close (lacking fresh air)
9. close (of textiles)
10. close (strictly confined or guarded)
11. close (confined to specific persons)
12. close (fitting closely but comfortably)
13. close (used of hair or haircuts)
14. close (giving or spending with reluctance)
15. close (inclined to secrecy...)

Yes! This is exactly WordNet 3.0. The examples match too:
1. close to noon
2. a close family
3. near neighbors
4. close supervision
5. a close translation
6. a close contest
7. close quarters
8. a dusty airless attic (wait, WordNet example for close#8 is "a dusty airless attic"? Let me check. Actually, close#8 is "not allowing air to pass through" or "lacking fresh air". The example might be different, but the definition matches.)
9. a close weave
10. kept under close custody
11. a close secret
12. a close fit
13. a close military haircut
14. our cheeseparing administration (close#14 = stingy)
15. although they knew her whereabouts her friends kept close about it

So this is definitely WordNet 3.0.

Now, in WordNet 3.0, the exact examples for sense 3 (close#3) include:
- "near neighbors"
- "in the near future"
- "they are near equals"
- "his nearest approach to success"
- "a very near thing"
- "a near hit by the bomb"
- "she was near tears"
- "she was close to tears"
- "a close call"

The user only provided the first example "near neighbors" for sense 3.

Given that WordNet explicitly includes "she was close to tears" in sense 3, and "his nearest approach to success" (where success is an achievement like finding), the target sentence "are close to finding another gene" is almost certainly sense 3.

The reasoning:
- "Finding" is an achievement/event, not a specific time point like "noon".
- WordNet sense 3 explicitly covers "degree" and "circumstances", and includes achievements like "success" and states like "tears".
- "His nearest approach to success" is in sense 3. "Close to finding" is semantically identical to "approach to success".

Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

I'm now confident the answer is 3. The initial confusion was due to the user only providing one example for sense 3, but the WordNet definition clearly covers this usage.

Final check: Is there any chance "close to finding" is sense 1? In WordNet, sense 1 examples are:
- "the near future" (actually, is this sense 1 or 3? In WordNet, "near future" might be sense 3 because "near" is used. Let me check: "in the near future" is listed under sense 3.)
- "they are near equals" (sense 3)
- "in the near term" (sense 1? or 3?)
- "the near past" (sense 1?)
- "a near relationship" (sense 1? or 2?)
- "close to noon" (sense 1)
- "how close are we to town?" (sense 1)
- "a close formation of ships" (sense 1)

Actually, looking at WordNet's sense 1, it includes "the near future", "they are near equals", etc. Wait, that contradicts my earlier claim. Let me be precise.

In WordNet 3.0, the synset for sense 1 (close#1) is:
Word: close#1
Gloss: (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other)
Examples: "the near future"; "they are near equals"; "in the near term"; "the near past"; "a near relationship"; "close to noon"; "how close are we to town?"; "a close formation of ships"

And sense 3 (close#3) is:
Word: close#3 (also near#1, nigh#1)
Gloss: (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances)
Examples: "near neighbors"; "in the near future"; "they are near equals"; "his nearest approach to success"; "a very near thing"; "a near hit by the bomb"; "she was near tears"; "she was close to tears"; "a close call"

Wait! Both sense 1 and sense 3 have "the near future" and "they are near equals" as examples? That can't be right. Let me think. Actually, I might be misremembering. It's possible that:
- Sense 1 has: "close to noon", "how close are we to town?", "a close formation of ships"
- Sense 3 has: "near neighbors", "in the near future", "they are near equals", "his nearest approach to success", "a very near thing", "a near hit by the bomb", "she was near tears", "she was close to tears", "a close call"

But I'm not 100% sure if "the near future" and "near equals" are in sense 1 or 3. They might be in sense 3 only. The user-provided sense 1 only has "close to noon" as an example, which suggests the other "near" examples might not be in sense 1.

Actually, looking at the user's sense 1: "at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other | examples=close to noon". This is a subset of the WordNet gloss. The user might have selected only one example.

Given that the user is using WordNet, and in WordNet "close to tears" is sense 3, "close to finding" should be sense 3.

But I need to be absolutely sure about the WordNet examples. Let me reconstruct from what I know:

WordNet close (adjective) sense 1:
Definition: at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other
Examples: "the near future"; "they are near equals"; "in the near term"; "the near past"; "a near relationship"; "close to noon"; "how close are we to town?"; "a close formation of ships"

If sense 1 includes "they are near equals", then sense 1 covers degree! Because "near equals" is degree. So the distinction between sense 1 and 3 is not about degree vs. not degree.

Then what is the distinction? Perhaps sense 1 is the general adjective "close/near" and sense 3 is a more specific sense? No, that doesn't make sense.

Wait, I think I confused the WordNet entries. Let me look at "near" instead. "Near" as an adjective in WordNet:
Sense 1: near, close, nigh (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances)
Sense 2: near (closely resembling the genuine article)

And "close" as an adjective:
Sense 1: close (at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other)
Sense 2: close (close in relevance or relationship)
Sense 3: near, close, nigh (not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances)

So "close" appears in two synsets: its own synset (sense 1) and as a synonym of "near" (sense 3). The difference is subtle. Sense 1 is the specific word "close" used in contexts like "close to noon", "close formation". Sense 3 is when "close" is used as a direct synonym of "near" in contexts like "close call", "close to tears".

In practice, "close to" + abstract achievement is sense 3. "Close to" + specific time/space point is sense 1.

"Finding another gene" is an abstract achievement. So sense 3.

Also, "his nearest approach to success" is in sense 3. "Finding another gene" = "success". So sense 3.

The answer is 3.

I will output 3.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "find" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to <t>finding</t> another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Senses:
1. definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | examples=We find this idea in Plato
2. definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water
3. definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | examples=Did you find your glasses?
4. definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | examples=find the product of two numbers
5. definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me
6. definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices
7. definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener
8. definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays
9. definition=make a discovery | examples=She found that he had lied to her
10. definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents
11. definition=decide on and make a declaration about | examples=find someone guilty
12. definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation
13. definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation
14. definition=get or find back; recover the use of | examples=She regained control of herself
15. definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "find" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to <t>finding</t> another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."

Let me analyze the sentence:
- The subject (Ray White and Walter Bodmer) are researchers
- They are close to "finding" another gene
- This gene is involved with colon cancer
- The context suggests scientific discovery

Now let's look at the senses:

1. "come upon, as if by accident; meet with" - This suggests accidental discovery, like finding something by chance. The example "We find this idea in Plato" suggests encountering something existing. But in the sentence, they are actively researching to discover a gene, not accidentally coming upon it.

2. "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - Example: detecting lead in water. This is close, but let's check others.

3. "come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost" - This is about finding lost items like glasses. The gene isn't lost; it's being discovered for the first time scientifically.

4. "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - This involves establishing something through systematic study. This could fit, as they are doing research.

5. "come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds" - This is about feelings/beliefs, not scientific discovery.

6. "perceive or be contemporaneous with" - Example: finding Republicans winning offices. This is about observing something happening.

7. "get something or somebody for a specific purpose" - This is about obtaining something for use, like a gadget.

8. "make a discovery, make a new finding" - Example: Roentgen discovered X-rays. This is about scientific discovery, making a new finding. This seems very appropriate for discovering a new gene.

9. "make a discovery" - Similar to 8, but example "She found that he had lied to her" suggests discovering a fact/truth rather than a physical entity.

10. "obtain through effort or management" - This is about getting time/energy, not discovering genes.

11. "decide on and make a declaration about" - Legal context, finding someone guilty.

12. "receive a specified treatment (abstract)" - Very abstract, not applicable.

13. "perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place" - Self-reflection.

14. "get or find back; recover the use of" - Regaining something lost.

15. "succeed in reaching; arrive at" - Physical arrival or metaphorical reaching.

16. "accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation" - Self-actualization.

Between 2, 4, 8, and 9:

Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" with the example "Roentgen discovered X-rays" - This is exactly what researchers do when they find a new gene. They are making a scientific discovery.

Sense 9: "make a discovery" with the example about finding that someone lied - this is more about discovering information/facts rather than discovering a physical entity like a gene.

Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - This could work, but sense 8 is more specific to making a new scientific finding.

Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation..." - This is also possible, but sense 8 is more specifically about the act of discovery in a research context.

The key phrase is "finding another gene" - this is a scientific discovery of a new gene (or newly identified gene associated with the disease). The example for sense 8 is "Roentgen discovered X-rays" which is exactly parallel to researchers discovering/finding a gene.

Therefore, sense 8 seems to be the best fit.

Wait, let me double-check sense 2 vs 8.

Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of"
- Example: "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water"
- This is about detecting/determining existence

Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding"
- Example: "Roentgen discovered X-rays"
- This is about making a scientific breakthrough

Sense 9: "make a discovery"
- Example: "She found that he had lied to her"
- This is about finding out a truth

In the context of scientific research "finding another gene", this is clearly a sense 8 type of discovery - making a new scientific finding, like discovering X-rays. They are not just determining the existence of something already known to exist (like detecting lead), they are discovering a gene that was previously unknown or unidentified in this context.

Actually, looking carefully at sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - this could also apply to discovering a new gene. But sense 8 is more specific to "make a new finding" in the scientific sense.

Let me look at the examples again:
- Sense 8: "Roentgen discovered X-rays" - This is discovering something new scientifically.
- Sense 2: "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water" - This is detecting something present.

Discovering a gene is more like discovering X-rays than detecting lead in water. When you discover a gene in this context, you are identifying it for the first time in the scientific literature, mapping it, etc. It's a "new finding."

Therefore, 8 is the correct answer.

But I should also consider sense 9: "make a discovery" - example: "She found that he had lied to her". This is about discovering a fact. But "finding a gene" is discovering a physical entity (or rather, identifying its existence/location), not just discovering that something is true.

Actually, looking at WordNet or similar lexical databases (which this seems to be based on), sense 8 is typically the "discover" sense for scientific discoveries, while sense 9 might be more about learning something.

Given the example "Roentgen discovered X-rays" for sense 8, and the fact that the sentence is about researchers discovering a gene, sense 8 is clearly the best match.

One more check: could it be sense 4? "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - example: "find the product of two numbers". This is about calculating or establishing through study. While researchers do establish the gene through study, "finding a gene" is more commonly described as "discovering" rather than "establishing after calculation." The word "finding" here is used in the sense of "discovery" not "calculation result."

So I'm confident the answer is 8.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: ModelRun

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "involved" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene <t>involved</t> with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Senses:
1. definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved
2. definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved
3. definition=emotionally involved
4. definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | examples=the Byzantine tax structure
5. definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "involved" is used in the given sentence. Let me analyze the sentence and the definitions.

Sentence: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene <t>involved</t> with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."

The word "involved" here is describing a gene that is connected with or associated with some types of colon cancer. It's saying the gene participates in or is associated with the disease.

Let me look at the senses:

1. definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved
   - This seems to fit. The gene is connected by association with colon cancer.

2. definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved
   - This suggests being trapped or stuck, which doesn't fit a gene being involved with a disease in this context.

3. definition=emotionally involved
   - Genes don't have emotions, so this doesn't fit.

4. definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | examples=the Byzantine tax structure
   - This is about complexity, not about association or participation.

5. definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist
   - This means surrounded or wrapped in something, which doesn't fit the context of a gene and a disease.

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit. The gene is "connected by participation or association" with colon cancer. In biological/medical contexts, when we say a gene is "involved with" a disease, we mean it is associated with, participates in, or plays a role in that disease.

The answer should be 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[User]
Which numbered sense of "type" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some <t>types</t> of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Senses:
1. definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | examples=a real character
3. definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "type" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some <t>types</t> of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5."

The word "types" here refers to kinds or categories of colon cancer. Let's look at the senses:

1. definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | examples=a real character
3. definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

In the sentence, "some types of colon cancer" means some kinds/subdivisions of colon cancer. This matches sense 1: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing".

Sense 3 is biology-specific, but it refers to a taxonomic group used to define the next higher taxon (like a type species). That's not what's meant here. The sentence is using "types" in the general sense of kinds or varieties.

So the answer is 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[User]
Which numbered sense of "believe" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Minna <t>believes</t> people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report
2. definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | examples=I think he is very smart
3. definition=be confident about something | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
4. definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
5. definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "believe" is used in the given sentence.

Let me analyze the sentence:
"Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."

This is stating that Dr. Minna accepts or holds as true the proposition that people with a specific genetic condition are prone to lung cancer. This is about accepting a statement or proposition as true.

Now let's look at the senses:

1. definition=accept as true; take to be true | examples=I believed his report
   - This seems to fit. Dr. Minna accepts the genetic theory/proposition as true.

2. definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | examples=I think he is very smart
   - This would be more like "I believe him to be smart" - making a judgment about a person. The sentence here is about accepting a scientific proposition.

3. definition=be confident about something | examples=I believe that he will come back from the war
   - This involves confidence in a future event or outcome. While similar to sense 1, it's more specific to confidence/faith in something happening.

4. definition=follow a credo; have a faith; be a believer | examples=When you hear his sermons, you will be able to believe, too
   - This is religious faith. Not applicable here.

5. definition=credit with veracity | examples=You cannot believe this man
   - This is about trusting a person's truthfulness. The sentence is about a scientific proposition, not about trusting a person's word.

The sentence is expressing that Dr. Minna accepts a scientific hypothesis or finding as true. This matches sense 1: "accept as true; take to be true."

Sense 2 would be if it were something like "Dr. Minna believes the researcher to be competent" - judging/regarding someone.

Sense 3 involves confidence, often in future events or personal convictions.

Sense 1 is the general "accept as true" sense, which fits scientific beliefs or accepting propositions.

So the answer should be 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[User]
Which numbered sense of "people" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Minna believes <t>people</t> who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people
2. definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | examples=the Spanish people
3. definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations
4. definition=the common people generally | examples=separate the warriors from the mass

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which sense of "people" is used in the given sentence. Let me analyze the sentence:

"Dr. Minna believes <t>people</t> who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."

Here, "people" refers to human beings who have inherited a specific genetic condition. It's referring to individuals or human beings collectively who share a specific characteristic (having inherited a defective gene on chromosome 3).

Let me look at the senses:

1. definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people
   - This seems like a general reference to human beings. "People" here refers to human beings in general who have a specific genetic condition.

2. definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | examples=the Spanish people
   - This is about nationality or citizenship. The sentence isn't talking about citizens of a particular country.

3. definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations
   - This refers to family, ancestry, or relatives. While the sentence mentions inheritance (which implies family lines), the word "people" here is used in a broader sense to refer to any individuals who inherit this gene, not specifically members of a particular family line. It's talking about a category of human beings defined by a genetic trait, not a specific family.

4. definition=the common people generally | examples=separate the warriors from the mass
   - This refers to the masses, the general populace as opposed to elites or specific groups. The sentence isn't contrasting common people with elites.

Looking at sense 1: "any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively" - this fits best. The sentence is talking about a group of human beings (those who inherit a defective gene on chromosome 3) collectively.

Sense 3 might be tempting because of the word "inherit," but "his people" or "members of a family line" is more specific to ancestry and family lineage. In the given sentence, "people" refers to individuals in general who have this genetic condition, not necessarily members of a specific family. It's a categorical reference to human beings with a specific trait.

Actually, let me reconsider. The phrase "people who inherit a defective gene" is referring to human beings who share a characteristic. This is the general sense of "people" as "human beings" - sense 1.

Sense 1 examples: "old people" - this is a category of human beings.
Sense 3 examples: "his people have been farmers" - this refers to family, clan, or ancestry.

The sentence is using "people" to mean "human beings who..." which aligns with sense 1.

Wait, let me double-check the distinction between sense 1 and sense 3.

Sense 1: any group of human beings collectively
Sense 3: members of a family line

In the sentence, "people" refers to those who inherit a gene. While inheritance happens in families, the word "people" here is being used to categorize human beings based on a genetic trait. It's not saying "his people" or referring to a specific family lineage. It's saying any human beings who inherit this gene.

Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

Let me verify with the example "old people" - this groups human beings by age.
Similarly, "people who inherit a defective gene" groups human beings by genetic characteristic.

Yes, sense 1 is the right answer.

provider: StreamLake


[User]
Which numbered sense of "inherit" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Minna believes people who <t>inherit</t> a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=obtain from someone after their death | examples=I inherited a castle from my French grandparents
2. definition=receive from a predecessor | examples=The new chairman inherited many problems from the previous chair
3. definition=receive by genetic transmission | examples=I inherited my good eyesight from my mother

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which sense of "inherit" is used in the given sentence. Let me analyze the sentence:

"Dr. Minna believes people who <t>inherit</t> a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."

The key context here is:
- "inherit a defective gene"
- "chromosome 3"
- This is talking about genetic transmission from parents to offspring

Now let me look at the three senses:

1. "obtain from someone after their death" - This is about inheriting property, assets, etc. after someone dies. Not related to genes.

2. "receive from a predecessor" - This is about receiving problems, positions, responsibilities from someone who came before you (like in a job). Not related to genes.

3. "receive by genetic transmission" - This specifically mentions genetic transmission, and the example "I inherited my good eyesight from my mother" shows it's about biological inheritance.

The sentence is clearly about genetic inheritance - inheriting a defective gene on chromosome 3. This matches sense 3.

The answer should be just the number: 3

provider: Novita


[User]
Which numbered sense of "copy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two <t>copies</t> of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "copy" is used in the given sentence.

 Sentence: "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two <t>copies</t> of chromosome 3 are especially prone to lung cancer."

 The word "copies" here refers to the two versions of chromosome 3 that a person has (one from each parent). In genetics, humans have two copies of each chromosome (except sex chromosomes in males), one inherited from the mother and one from the father.

 Let me look at the definitions:

 1. definition=a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)
 - This is about documents/records. Not applicable here.

 2. definition=a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing | examples=she made a copy of the designer dress
 - This refers to duplicates or replicas. In genetics, chromosomes come in pairs, and each one is a "copy" in the sense of being a version or instance. This seems closest. When we say "two copies of chromosome 3", we mean two instances/versions of that chromosome.

 3. definition=matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
 - This is about text/content for printing. Not applicable.

 4. definition=material suitable for a journalistic account | examples=catastrophes make good copy
 - This is about news material. Not applicable.

 Sense 2 is the best fit because "copies" here means instances or versions of the chromosome - each chromosome 3 is a copy (one from each parent). While in common parlance "copy" often implies duplication of an original, in biological contexts, "two copies" refers to the two homologous chromosomes.

 Actually, let me reconsider. In genetics, we specifically use "copy" to refer to each individual chromosome or gene instance. For example, "two copies of a gene" means the gene on each of the two homologous chromosomes. This fits sense 2: "a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing" - the two chromosomes are similar/identical versions of each other (homologous).

 Wait, are homologous chromosomes considered "copies" of each other? They carry the same genes but may have different alleles. But yes, we refer to them as "two copies of chromosome 3" - one maternal and one paternal.

 So the answer should be 2.

 Let me double-check if there's any other interpretation. Could it be sense 1? No, that's about written records. Sense 3? No, that's about printing. Sense 4? No, that's journalism.

 Therefore, the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "especially" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are <t>especially</t> prone to lung cancer.

Senses:
1. definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling
2. definition=in a special manner | examples=a specially arranged dinner

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "especially" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "Dr. Minna believes people who inherit a defective gene somewhere on one of their two copies of chromosome 3 are <t>especially</t> prone to lung cancer."

Senses:
1. definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling
2. definition=in a special manner | examples=a specially arranged dinner

Let me analyze the sentence. The word "especially" here modifies "prone to lung cancer." It means that these people are particularly or to a greater extent prone to lung cancer compared to others. This aligns with sense 1: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common."

Sense 2 means "in a special manner," which would be like something done specifically or specially for a purpose. For example, "especially arranged" means arranged in a special way. But in the sentence, "especially prone" means more prone than usual/common, not prone in a special manner.

So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "report" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Recently, he and others <t>reported</t> that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Senses:
1. definition=to give an account or representation of in words | examples=Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental
2. definition=announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding | examples=Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city
3. definition=announce one's presence | examples=I report to work every day at 9 o'clock
4. definition=make known to the authorities | examples=One student reported the other to the principal
5. definition=be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism | examples=Snow reported on China in the 1950's
6. definition=complain about; make a charge against | examples=I reported her to the supervisor

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "report" is used in the given sentence. Let me analyze the sentence and the definitions.

Sentence: "Recently, he and others <t>reported</t> that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too."

The context is scientific research. The subject (he and others) is making known the results of their research about a gene being involved in cancers.

Let me look at each sense:

1. "to give an account or representation of in words" - This is quite general. The example given is "Discreet Italian police described it in a manner typically continental" which seems to be about describing something.

2. "announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding" - The examples: "Dozens of incidents of wife beatings are reported daily in this city". This seems to fit scientific reporting of findings. The key phrase is "result of an investigation or experience or finding."

3. "announce one's presence" - Example: "I report to work every day at 9 o'clock" - This is about showing up somewhere, not relevant.

4. "make known to the authorities" - Example: "One student reported the other to the principal" - This is about informing authorities of wrongdoing, not relevant.

5. "be responsible for reporting the details of, as in journalism" - Example: "Snow reported on China in the 1950's" - This is about journalism or regular reporting duties.

6. "complain about; make a charge against" - Example: "I reported her to the supervisor" - This is similar to sense 4, about making complaints.

In the sentence, researchers are announcing the results of their scientific investigation. They conducted research and are now making known the findings. This matches sense 2: "announce as the result of an investigation or experience or finding."

The key is that it's the result of scientific research (investigation/finding) being announced.

Sense 1 is too general. Sense 2 specifically mentions "result of an investigation" which fits scientific research perfectly.

So the answer should be 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "involved" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be <t>involved</t> in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too.

Senses:
1. definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved
2. definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved
3. definition=emotionally involved
4. definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | examples=the Byzantine tax structure
5. definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "involved" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be <t>involved</t> in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common cancers, too."

The word "involved" here is used in the context of a gene being connected to or participating in the development of cancers. It's saying the gene participates in or is associated with these cancers.

Let me look at the senses:

1. definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved
   - This fits. The gene is connected by participation or association to the cancers.

2. definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved
   - This doesn't fit. The gene isn't entangled or hindered.

3. definition=emotionally involved
   - This doesn't fit. Genes don't have emotions.

4. definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | examples=the Byzantine tax structure
   - This doesn't fit. The gene isn't being described as complex in this context.

5. definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist
   - This doesn't fit. The gene isn't enveloped by the cancers in the sense of being surrounded by mist.

Sense 1 is clearly the correct answer. The gene is "involved in" meaning it participates in or is associated with the cancers.

The phrase "involved in" is commonly used to indicate participation or association, which matches sense 1.

So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "other" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several <t>other</t> more common cancers, too.

Senses:
1. definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day
2. definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. definition=belonging to the distant past | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe
4. definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "other" is used in the given sentence. Let me analyze the sentence and the definitions.

Sentence: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several <t>other</t> more common cancers, too."

The word "other" here is modifying "cancers" and appears in the phrase "several other more common cancers."

Let me look at the context:
- The sentence mentions "some lung cancers"
- Then says "as well as several other more common cancers"

So "other" here means additional cancers, different from the ones already mentioned (lung cancers). It's referring to cancers that are not the same as the ones already mentioned.

Now let's look at the senses:

1. "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - examples: "today isn't any other day"
   This seems to fit. The "other cancers" are not the same as the lung cancers already mentioned.

2. "recently past" - examples: "the other evening"
   This doesn't fit. We're not talking about time here.

3. "belonging to the distant past" - examples: "the early inhabitants of Europe"
   This doesn't fit. Not related to time in the distant past.

4. "very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected" - examples: "a strange, other dimension"
   This doesn't fit. The "other cancers" are not being described as unusual or strange in a supernatural way; they're just additional/different types of cancers.

So sense 1 is the correct answer. The word "other" is being used to mean "not the same one or ones already mentioned" - referring to cancers other than lung cancers.

The answer should be: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "more" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other <t>more</t> common cancers, too.

Senses:
1. definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | examples=more interesting
2. definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "more" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other <t>more</t> common cancers, too."

The word "more" here is modifying the adjective "common" to form the comparative degree. "More common" means "commoner" or "of greater commonness."

Looking at the senses:
1. definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | examples=more interesting
2. definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now

Sense 1 is about forming the comparative of adjectives and adverbs (like "more interesting", "more common").
Sense 2 is about the comparative of "much" functioning as an adverb meaning "to a greater degree or extent" (like "he works more now" where "more" modifies the verb "works").

In the sentence, "more" is used before the adjective "common" to form its comparative. This matches sense 1.

Wait, let me double-check. "Common" is an adjective. "More common" is the comparative form of "common." This is exactly sense 1.

Sense 2 would be if "more" were standing alone as an adverb, like "I need more" or "he eats more." But here it's "more common" - modifying an adjective to make a comparative.

So the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "common" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more <t>common</t> cancers, too.

Senses:
1. definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good
2. definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man
3. definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | examples=a common friend
4. definition=commonly encountered | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint
5. definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | examples=common parlance
6. definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly
7. definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded
8. definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind
9. definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "common" is used in the given sentence. I need to look at the context and match it to the correct definition.

Sentence: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more <t>common</t> cancers, too."

The word "common" here is describing cancers. It means cancers that are frequently encountered, widespread, or occurring often. Let's look at the senses:

1. belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public - This doesn't fit. It's not about public ownership.
2. having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual - This could fit. "Common cancers" could mean ordinary, usual, or frequently encountered cancers.
3. common to or shared by two or more parties - This doesn't fit. It's not about shared between parties.
4. commonly encountered - This fits very well. "Several other more common cancers" means cancers that are more frequently encountered.
5. being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language - No, this is about language.
6. of or associated with the great masses of people - This is about the masses, not frequency of disease.
7. of low or inferior quality or value - No, it's not about quality.
8. lacking refinement or cultivation or taste - No.
9. to be expected; standard - This could be close, but "common cancers" specifically refers to frequency of occurrence.

Between 2 and 4:
Sense 2: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual"
Sense 4: "commonly encountered; examples=a common (or familiar) complaint"

In medical contexts, "common cancer" means a cancer that occurs frequently. Sense 4 is "commonly encountered" with the example "a common complaint". Sense 2 includes "commonly encountered" but also emphasizes "no special distinction", "average or ordinary".

However, looking at the example for sense 4: "a common (or familiar) complaint" - this is exactly the usage pattern. "Common cancers" = cancers that are commonly encountered/frequent.

But wait, sense 2's example is "the common man" which is about ordinary people. Sense 4 is specifically about things being frequently encountered.

Actually, looking at WordNet senses (which this seems to be based on):
Sense 2 might be: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual" - examples: "the common man", "a common sailor", "the common cold", "a common nuisance", "followed common procedure", "it is common knowledge that she lives alone", "the common housefly", "a common brand of soap"
Sense 4 might be: "common to or shared by two or more parties" - example: "a common friend"
Wait, let me reconsider the numbering.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet 3.0 for "common":
1. belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public
2. having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual
3. common to or shared by two or more parties
4. commonly encountered
5. being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language
6. of or associated with the great masses of people
7. of low or inferior quality or value
8. lacking refinement or cultivation or taste
9. to be expected; standard

Wait, in WordNet, sense 4 is indeed "commonly encountered" with example "a common (or familiar) complaint".

Sense 2 is broader: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual".

But in the sentence "several other more common cancers", the meaning is cancers that occur more frequently. This maps best to sense 4 "commonly encountered".

However, sense 2 also includes "commonly encountered". But sense 4 is specifically defined as "commonly encountered" while sense 2 is more about being ordinary/usual. The example for sense 4 ("a common complaint") is very close to "common cancers" (medical conditions that occur frequently).

Let me think about whether "common cancers" means "frequently occurring cancers" or "ordinary cancers". In medical literature, "common cancer" definitely means frequently occurring. Between sense 2 and 4, sense 4 is more precise because it specifically captures the "frequently encountered" meaning without the connotation of "lacking special distinction" that sense 2 carries.

Actually, looking at the exact definitions provided:
2. having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man
4. commonly encountered | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint

"Common cancers" in the sentence means cancers that are encountered more frequently. This is almost exactly sense 4. The comparative "more common" suggests frequency of occurrence.

Therefore, the answer should be 4.

Wait, I should double-check. Could it be sense 2? "Several other more common cancers" - could this mean "more ordinary cancers"? In context, they're comparing lung cancers to other cancers that are more frequently seen. So yes, it's about frequency.

Sense 4: "commonly encountered" - this is perfect.
Sense 9: "to be expected; standard" - close, but not quite. "Common decency" is the example.

I'll go with 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "cancer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common <t>cancers</t>, too.

Senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "cancer" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "Recently, he and others reported that the retinoblastoma suppressor gene may also be involved in some lung cancers, as well as several other more common <t>cancers</t>, too."

The context is clearly medical/biological. The sentence talks about:
- retinoblastoma suppressor gene
- lung cancers
- other more common cancers

This refers to the disease meaning of cancer - malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.

Looking at the senses:
1. definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
2. definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer
3. definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22
5. definition=type genus of the family Cancridae

Sense 1 is clearly the correct one. The context is about genes, lung cancers, and medical conditions.

I need to return only the number.