[User]
Which numbered sense of "order" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the <t>order</t> in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking.

Senses:
1. definition=(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed | examples=the British ships dropped anchor and waited for orders from London
2. definition=a degree in a continuum of size or quantity | examples=it was on the order of a mile
3. definition=established customary state (especially of society) | examples=order ruled in the streets
4. definition=logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements | examples=we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation
5. definition=a condition of regular or proper arrangement | examples=he put his desk in order
6. definition=a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge) | examples=a friend in New Mexico said that the order caused no trouble out there
7. definition=a commercial document used to request someone to supply something in return for payment and providing specifications and quantities | examples=IBM received an order for a hundred computers
8. definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | examples=he joined a golf club
9. definition=a body of rules followed by an assembly
10. definition=(usually plural) the status or rank or office of a Christian clergyman in an ecclesiastical hierarchy | examples=theologians still disagree over whether `bishop' should or should not be a separate Order
11. definition=a group of person living under a religious rule | examples=the order of Saint Benedict
12. definition=(biology) taxonomic group containing one or more families
13. definition=a request for something to be made, supplied, or served | examples=I gave the waiter my order
14. definition=(architecture) one of original three styles of Greek architecture distinguished by the type of column and entablature used or a style developed from the original three by the Romans
15. definition=the act of putting things in a sequential arrangement | examples=there were mistakes in the ordering of items on the list

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "order" is used in the given sentence.

 Sentence: "Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the <t>order</t> in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking."

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is about bell ringers varying the "order" in which bells sound
 - This refers to the sequence or arrangement of the bells
 - They are changing the sequence/arrangement but keeping the rhythm steady

 Now let's look at the senses:

 1. Command given by superior - doesn't fit, not about commands
 2. Degree in continuum of size/quantity - "on the order of" - doesn't fit
 3. Established customary state of society - "order ruled in the streets" - doesn't fit
 4. Logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements - "inverse order of their presentation" - this could fit, as it refers to the arrangement/sequence of bells
 5. Condition of regular or proper arrangement - "put his desk in order" - this is about tidiness/organization, not sequence
 6. Legally binding command - court order - doesn't fit
 7. Commercial document - purchase order - doesn't fit
 8. Formal association - club/order - doesn't fit
 9. Body of rules - parliamentary order - doesn't fit
 10. Status/rank of clergyman - doesn't fit
 11. Group under religious rule - monastic order - doesn't fit
 12. Taxonomic group - biological order - doesn't fit
 13. Request for something to be made/served - "gave the waiter my order" - doesn't fit
 14. Architecture style - doesn't fit
 15. Act of putting things in sequential arrangement - "ordering of items" - this refers to the act of arranging, but in the sentence it's about the arrangement itself, not the act of arranging

 Wait, let me reconsider sense 4 and 5 and 15.

 Sense 4: "logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements" - examples: "inverse order of their presentation"
 Sense 5: "a condition of regular or proper arrangement" - examples: "he put his desk in order"
 Sense 15: "the act of putting things in a sequential arrangement" - examples: "mistakes in the ordering of items"

 In the sentence: "varying the order in which the bells sound"

 This refers to the sequence or arrangement of the bells. The ringers are changing the sequence in which the bells ring.

 Sense 4 seems to fit best: "logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements" - the bells are separate elements, and their "order" is the arrangement/sequence in which they sound.

 Sense 15 is about the "act" of putting things in arrangement (the process), but here "order" is used as a noun referring to the resulting arrangement/sequence itself.

 Actually, looking closely at sense 15: "the act of putting things in a sequential arrangement" - this is about the action/process. But in the sentence, "order" is the thing being varied - it's the sequence itself, not the act of sequencing.

 Sense 4: "logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements" - this matches "the order in which the bells sound" - it's the arrangement/sequence of the bell sounds.

 Sense 5 is about "regular or proper arrangement" like tidiness, which doesn't fit.

 So I think the answer is 4.

 But let me double-check sense 15. The example is "there were mistakes in the ordering of items on the list". Note that the example uses "ordering" (the gerund/nominalization), while the definition says "the act of putting things in a sequential arrangement".

 In the target sentence, "order" is clearly referring to the sequence itself: "the order in which the bells sound". This is the arrangement, not the act of arranging.

 Therefore, sense 4 is correct: "logical or comprehensible arrangement of separate elements".

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 4: "we shall consider these questions in the inverse order of their presentation" - this is exactly parallel to "the order in which the bells sound". Both refer to the sequence/arrangement of items.

 So the answer is 4.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "bell" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the <t>bells</t> sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking.

Senses:
1. definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed
3. definition=the sound of a bell being struck | examples=saved by the bell
4. definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m.
5. definition=the shape of a bell
6. definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905)
7. definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961)
8. definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922)
9. definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument
10. definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "bell" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the <t>bells</t> sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking."

Key context clues:
- "ringers" - people who ring bells
- "varying the order in which the bells sound" - changing the sequence of the sounds
- "without altering the steady rhythm of the striking" - keeping the same rhythm of hitting
- "bells sound" - the bells are making sounds

Looking at the senses:
1. "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - This refers to the physical object. In the sentence, the bells are the things that sound (make noise). The ringers vary the order in which the bells sound. This seems to fit - the physical bells are being rung.
2. Doorbell - doesn't fit.
3. "the sound of a bell being struck" - This is the sound itself, not the object. But the sentence says "the bells sound" which implies the bells (objects) are producing sound. If it were sense 3, it would be like "the bell of the bells" or referring to the sound itself. But here "bells" are the subject of "sound" - they are the things making the noise.
4. Nautical time - doesn't fit.
5. Shape - doesn't fit.
6. Person - doesn't fit.
7. Person - doesn't fit.
8. Person - doesn't fit.
9. "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument" - This is a specific type of bell instrument. The sentence mentions "ringers" which suggests church bell ringing or change ringing. Change ringing typically uses large bells in a tower, not necessarily orchestral tuned bells struck with a hammer. But sense 1 is more general.
10. Flared opening - doesn't fit.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 1 vs sense 3.

Sense 1: the physical device.
Sense 3: the sound.

In the sentence: "the order in which the bells sound"
- If "bells" = physical devices (sense 1), then "the bells sound" means the devices emit sound. This makes perfect sense.
- If "bells" = sounds (sense 3), then "the bells sound" would mean "the sounds sound" or "the sounds are sounded", which is redundant or weird.

Also, "ringers" are people who ring bells (physical objects). You ring a physical bell. You don't ring a sound.

So sense 1 seems correct.

But wait, let me look at sense 9 again. "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument". The sentence mentions "ringers" and "striking". In change ringing, bells are hung in towers and rung by pulling ropes. They are struck by clappers. But sense 9 specifically mentions "struck with a hammer" and "orchestral instrument". This doesn't seem to fit change ringing context.

Actually, looking at the sentence again: "varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking." This is a description of change ringing (English church bell ringing). The ringers are ringing the bells. The bells themselves are physical devices.

So sense 1 is the best fit: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck".

Let me double-check if sense 3 could work. "the order in which the bells sound" - if "bells" meant the sounds, then "the order in which the sounds sound" is tautological. Also, you can't really have "ringers" (people) varying the order of sounds directly in this way - they vary the order of the bells. And "striking" refers to hitting the physical bells.

Therefore, the answer is 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: SiliconFlow

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "sound" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells <t>sound</t> without altering the steady rhythm of the striking.

Senses:
1. definition=appear in a certain way | examples=This sounds interesting
2. definition=make a certain noise or sound | examples=She went `Mmmmm'
3. definition=give off a certain sound or sounds | examples=This record sounds scratchy
4. definition=announce by means of a sound | examples=sound the alarm
5. definition=utter with vibrating vocal chords
6. definition=cause to sound | examples=sound the bell
7. definition=measure the depth of (a body of water) with a sounding line

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "sound" is used in the given sentence.

 Sentence: "Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells <t>sound</t> without altering the steady rhythm of the striking."

 The word "sound" here is used in the context of bells ringing/making noise.

 Let me look at the senses:

 1. definition=appear in a certain way | examples=This sounds interesting
    - This is the copular sense (seem/appear), not applicable here.

 2. definition=make a certain noise or sound | examples=She went `Mmmmm'
    - This could fit, as bells making noise.

 3. definition=give off a certain sound or sounds | examples=This record sounds scratchy
    - This is about emitting sound, like "the bells sound" - yes, this fits. The bells give off sound.

 4. definition=announce by means of a sound | examples=sound the alarm
    - This is transitive, like "sound the alarm". In the sentence, "bells sound" is intransitive.

 5. definition=utter with vibrating vocal chords
    - This is about speaking/voicing, not bells.

 6. definition=cause to sound | examples=sound the bell
    - This is transitive - causing something to make sound. But in the sentence, the bells themselves are the subject of "sound": "the bells sound". So this is intransitive.

 7. definition=measure the depth of (a body of water) with a sounding line
    - Nautical meaning, not relevant.

 Now between 2 and 3:
 - Sense 2: "make a certain noise or sound" - example "She went `Mmmmm'" - this seems to be about producing a specific noise.
 - Sense 3: "give off a certain sound or sounds" - example "This record sounds scratchy" - wait, that example is actually the copular sense (appears/seems scratchy when heard). Actually, looking at the example "This record sounds scratchy" - that's sense 1 (appear in a certain way).

 Wait, let me reconsider the senses based on standard WordNet or similar lexicographic definitions:

 Actually, looking at standard dictionary entries for "sound":
 - Sense 1: appear/seem (copular)
 - Sense 2: make a sound (intransitive) - e.g., "the bell sounded"
 - Sense 3: give off a certain sound (transitive?) - actually "give off" suggests intransitive emission
 - Sense 4: announce (transitive)
 - Sense 5: utter (transitive)
 - Sense 6: cause to sound (transitive)
 - Sense 7: measure depth

 In the sentence: "the bells <t>sound</t>"
 This is intransitive - the bells are emitting sound.

 Sense 2: "make a certain noise or sound" - this fits "the bells sound"
 Sense 3: "give off a certain sound or sounds" - this also fits

 But looking at the example for sense 3: "This record sounds scratchy" - that's actually the linking verb/copular sense (sounds = seems). So sense 3 might be different.

 Actually, looking carefully:
 - Sense 1: appear in a certain way (This sounds interesting)
 - Sense 3: give off a certain sound or sounds (This record sounds scratchy) - wait, "This record sounds scratchy" is actually sense 1 (appear/seem), not sense 3.

 Let me reconsider. Maybe these are from WordNet?

 WordNet senses for sound (verb):
 1. sound - appear in a certain way; "This sounds interesting" (copular)
 2. sound - make a certain noise or sound; "She went `Mmmmm'"
 3. sound - give off a certain sound or sounds; "This record sounds scratchy" - no, that's not right.

 Actually, looking at the provided definitions:
 - Sense 3: "give off a certain sound or sounds" with example "This record sounds scratchy" - but "sounds scratchy" is definitely the copular sense (appears to be scratchy when heard). So there's confusion here.

 Wait, maybe sense 3 is actually the intransitive "emit sound" sense, and the example is wrong in my reading, or I'm misunderstanding.

 Let me look at the sentence again: "the bells sound"
 This means the bells emit sound / produce sound.

 In the context: "varying the order in which the bells sound" - this is about change ringing (bell ringing). The bells are sounding (ringing).

 So which sense is "make noise"?

 Sense 2: make a certain noise or sound
 Sense 3: give off a certain sound or sounds

 Both could work, but "give off" (sense 3) suggests emission, while "make" (sense 2) suggests production.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
 - sound.v.01: appear in a certain way
 - sound.v.02: make a certain noise or sound
 - sound.v.03: give off a certain sound or sounds - example: "This record sounds scratchy" is actually listed under sound.v.01 in WordNet I think.

 Let me check the examples given in the prompt carefully:

 Sense 1: appear in a certain way | examples=This sounds interesting
 Sense 2: make a certain noise or sound | examples=She went `Mmmmm'
 Sense 3: give off a certain sound or sounds | examples=This record sounds scratchy
 Sense 4: announce by means of a sound | examples=sound the alarm
 Sense 5: utter with vibrating vocal chords
 Sense 6: cause to sound | examples=sound the bell
 Sense 7: measure the depth...

 Wait, "This record sounds scratchy" - if this is sense 3 "give off a certain sound", that doesn't make sense because "sounds scratchy" means "appears to be scratchy", not "emits a scratchy sound".

 Unless... "This record sounds scratchy" means "when played, this record gives off a scratchy sound". But the syntax "sounds + adjective" is typically the copular sense.

 But looking at sense 1: "appear in a certain way" - example "This sounds interesting" (adjective)
 Sense 3: "give off a certain sound" - example "This record sounds scratchy" - this is inconsistent because "scratchy" is an adjective describing the sound quality, not the sound itself.

 Actually, I think there might be a confusion in the provided sense descriptions. Let me assume the definitions are correct and the examples illustrate them.

 Sense 2: "make a certain noise or sound" - example "She went `Mmmmm'" - this is producing a specific sound.
 Sense 3: "give off a certain sound or sounds" - example "This record sounds scratchy" - if we interpret this as "the record gives off sounds that are scratchy", then it's about emission.

 But in our sentence: "the bells sound" - the bells are giving off sound / making sound.

 However, looking at sense 6: "cause to sound" - example "sound the bell" - this is transitive.
 Our usage is intransitive: "the bells sound".

 So it's either 2 or 3.

 But "make a certain noise" (sense 2) vs "give off a certain sound" (sense 3).

 In change ringing terminology, "sound" means to produce sound / emit sound.

 But let's look at the example for sense 2: "She went `Mmmmm'" - this is making a specific noise.
 Example for sense 3: "This record sounds scratchy" - this is actually the copular sense, so maybe sense 3 is mislabeled in my understanding.

 Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0:
 - sound.v.01: look, appear, seem - "This sounds interesting"
 - sound.v.02: make a certain noise or sound - "She went `Mmmmm'"
 - sound.v.03: give off a certain sound or sounds - "This record sounds scratchy" - NO, that's not in WordNet.

 Wait, I found a source. These look like they might be from the SemCor or similar dataset, or perhaps a specific lexicon.

 Actually, looking at the example "This record sounds scratchy" - if this is sense 3, then sense 3 is the copular sense, but that duplicates sense 1.

 Unless... sense 1 is "appear" in a general way, and sense 3 is specifically about auditory appearance? But "give off a certain sound" is not "appear".

 Let me reconsider the sentence: "the bells sound"
 In the context of bell ringing, "sound" means to produce sound.

 Between sense 2 and 3:
 - Sense 2: make a certain noise or sound
 - Sense 3: give off a certain sound or sounds

 "Give off" is more about emission, "make" is about production. For bells, both work.

 But looking at sense 6: "cause to sound" - example "sound the bell". This is transitive.
 Our sentence has "the bells" as subject, so it's intransitive.

 So it's likely sense 2 or 3.

 But wait, sense 4: "announce by means of a sound" - example "sound the alarm" - transitive.
 Sense 5: "utter" - transitive.
 Sense 6: "cause to sound" - transitive.

 So intransitive senses are 1, 2, 3, 7.
 Sense 1: copular (seem)
 Sense 7: measure depth
 So it must be 2 or 3.

 Now, looking at the example for sense 3 again: "This record sounds scratchy". If we interpret "sounds" here as "gives off", then "gives off a scratchy [sound]" makes sense. But "sounds scratchy" is clearly the linking verb.

 Unless the example is meant to be "This record sounds [a scratchy noise]" but that's not what the example says.

 Given the confusion, let's look at the structure:
 "the bells sound" - the bells produce sound.

 In many dictionaries, "sound" (intransitive) = to make a sound.
 For example: "The bell sounded."

 Sense 2: "make a certain noise or sound"
 This fits perfectly.

 Sense 3: "give off a certain sound or sounds" - this also fits, but the example "This record sounds scratchy" suggests it's actually the linking verb sense (which should be sense 1).

 I think there might be an error in my parsing of the sense list, or the senses are from a specific resource where sense 3 is indeed the intransitive "emit" sense and the example is just poorly chosen or I'm misreading it.

 Actually, looking at the provided text:
 "3. definition=give off a certain sound or sounds | examples=This record sounds scratchy"

 If "sounds" here means "gives off", then "This record gives off a certain sound or sounds scratchy" doesn't parse. "sounds scratchy" must be the verb+adjective.

 Unless... "This record sounds" = gives off sound, and "scratchy" is separate? No.

 Another possibility: The senses are:
 1. appear (copular)
 2. make noise (intransitive)
 3. give off sound (intransitive) - but the example is wrong or I'm misunderstanding it.

 Wait, could "This record sounds scratchy" mean that the record is being played and it sounds scratchy (i.e., it produces a scratchy sound)? In that case, "sounds" = "gives off [a sound that is] scratchy". This is actually the copular sense (linking verb with adjective complement).

 But "give off a certain sound" would take a noun phrase: "give off a scratchy sound", not "give off scratchy".

 So sense 3 is likely the copular sense, but that duplicates sense 1.

 Unless sense 1 is "appear in a certain way" (general) and sense 3 is "give off a certain sound" (specific to auditory), but the definition says "give off a certain sound or sounds" which is not copular.

 I think the most likely answer is sense 2: "make a certain noise or sound".

 Or sense 3 if we interpret "give off" as the meaning.

 But let's look at the sentence again: "varying the order in which the bells sound"
 This is about the bells ringing (sounding).

 In WordNet, the sense for "the bell sounded" is:
 sound.v.02: make a certain noise or sound; "She went `Mmmmm'"; "The gun went bang"

 And sound.v.03: give off a certain sound or sounds; "This record sounds scratchy" - actually, checking WordNet, sound.v.03 is indeed "give off a certain sound or sounds" and the example is "This record sounds scratchy" which seems to be an error in WordNet or I'm looking at the wrong thing.

 Actually, looking up WordNet 3.1:
 - sound.v.01: appear in a certain way; "This sounds interesting"
 - sound.v.02: make a certain noise or sound; "She went `Mmmmm'"
 - sound.v.03: give off a certain sound or sounds; "This record sounds scratchy" - yes, this is actually in WordNet, even though it seems like it should be v.01. But "sounds scratchy" can mean "emits sound in a scratchy manner" or something.

 Actually, no - "give off a certain sound" is transitive in a way? No, it's intransitive with an object? No.

 Let's think about the sentence structure again.
 "the bells sound" - intransitive.

 If sense 3 is "give off a certain sound", then "the bells give off a certain sound" fits.

 If sense 2 is "make a certain noise", then "the bells make a certain noise" fits.

 Which one is it?

 In the context of change ringing (bell ringing), the bells are rung to produce sound. "Sound" here means to emit sound.

 But looking at the example for sense 2: "She went `Mmmmm'" - this is making a specific sound.
 And sense 3: "This record sounds scratchy" - this is describing the quality of the sound produced.

 Actually, I think sense 2 is the correct answer because "make a certain noise or sound" is the general definition for when something produces sound, while sense 3 might be more specific or the example is confusing.

 But let's consider if it could be sense 6: "cause to sound". No, because "the bells" are the subject, not the object. The ringers cause the bells to sound, but the sentence says "the bells sound".

 So it's intransitive.

 Between 2 and 3, I'll go with 2, as "make a certain noise" is the standard definition for intransitive "sound" when referring to objects like bells.

 Wait, looking at the example for sense 6: "sound the bell" - this is transitive.
 The sentence has "the bells sound" which is the intransitive counterpart.

 In many lexicons, "sound" (intransitive) = to make a sound.
 So sense 2.

 But let me double-check if it could be sense 1. "the bells appear in a certain way"? No.
 Sense 7? No.

 So it's 2 or 3.

 Given that sense 3's example "This record sounds scratchy" is clearly the copular/linking verb usage (same as sense 1), and sense 1 is "appear in a certain way", I suspect that sense 3 might actually be the copular sense but worded differently, or there's a mistake.

 However, if I have to choose between 2 and 3, and considering that "make a certain noise" (sense 2) is the most straightforward definition for "the bells sound", I choose 2.

 But wait, looking at the definition of sense 3 again: "give off a certain sound or sounds". This is actually different from "make". "Give off" implies emission, which is appropriate for bells.

 However, the example "This record sounds scratchy" ruins it because that's not "give off", that's "seem".

 Unless... the example is "This record sounds" (give off sound) and "scratchy" is not part of the example? No, it's written as "This record sounds scratchy".

 Another thought: Maybe sense 3 is "to give the impression of being" (copular) but the definition is written as "give off a certain sound" meaning "give the auditory impression"? No, that's stretching.

 Let me assume the question is from a specific dataset like WordNet SemCor or similar, and the answer is likely 2 or 3.

 In the sentence "the bells sound", the word "sound" is being used intransitively to mean "produce sound".

 In WordNet, the gloss for sound.v.02 is "make a certain noise or sound" and for sound.v.03 is "give off a certain sound or sounds".

 Both are intransitive. The difference is subtle. v.02 is about making a specific noise (like saying "Mmmmm"), while v.03 is about giving off sound generally.

 For bells, v.03 "give off a certain sound" seems more appropriate because bells give off sound.

 But the example for v.03 is problematic.

 Let me check if "sound" in "the bells sound" could be sense 6 in a passive or ergative construction? No, "sound the bell" is transitive, "the bell sounds" is intransitive.

 Actually, looking at the sentence: "the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound"
 This is similar to "the order in which the bells ring".
 "Ring" is intransitive here.
 "Sound" is synonymous with "ring" here.

 So "make a noise" (sense 2) fits.

 I think the answer is 2.

 But I should also consider if it's sense 3. If the example "This record sounds scratchy" is meant to illustrate "give off a certain sound", then perhaps "sounds" there means "emits sound that is scratchy", and for bells, they emit sound.

 However, given the ambiguity, and that sense 2 is the primary intransitive sense for producing sound, I'll go with 2.

 Wait, I found a similar question online or in my training data. This looks like it might be from the Word Sense Disambiguation task.

 In WordNet:
 - sound.v.02: make a certain noise or sound
 - sound.v.03: give off a certain sound or sounds

 The sentence "the bells sound" is likely annotated as sound.v.03 in some corpora, or sound.v.02.

 But looking at the example "She went `Mmmmm'" for sense 2, this is an utterance.
 For bells, which are not uttering but emitting, sense 3 might be better.

 However, "make a certain noise" also applies to bells.

 Let me reconsider the example for sense 3: "This record sounds scratchy".
 If this is sense 3, then sense 3 is definitely the copular sense (seems), which is sense 1.
 So sense 3 is likely a duplicate or there's a confusion.

 Therefore, sense 2 is the only viable option for "make noise".

 Answer: 2

 But let me reconsider one more time. Could it be sense 6? "cause to sound" - but the grammar is "the bells sound", not "sound the bells". So no.

 Could it be sense 4? "announce" - "the bells announce"? No, though bells can announce, the context is about the order of sounding, not announcing.

 So 2 is the safest answer.

 Actually, looking at the definition of sense 3 once more: "give off a certain sound or sounds".
 And the sentence: "the bells sound" - they give off sound.
 This matches perfectly if we ignore the example or interpret the example differently.

 But sense 2 also matches.

 Which one is more likely intended?

 In many WSD datasets, "sound" when used with musical instruments or bells is often sense 3 (give off sound) or sense 2.

 But given that sense 2 has the example "She went `Mmmmm'" which is a human making a vocal sound, and sense 3 has... well, a confusing example, but "give off" is more appropriate for inanimate objects like bells.

 However, "make a noise" is also used for inanimate objects.

 I think I'll go with 2.

 Final check: Is there any chance it's sense 1? "the bells appear..."? No.
 Sense 7? No.

 So 2 or 3. I'll say 2.

provider: ModelRun


[User]
Which numbered sense of "alter" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without <t>altering</t> the steady rhythm of the striking.

Senses:
1. definition=cause to change; make different; cause a transformation | examples=The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city
2. definition=become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence | examples=her mood changes in accordance with the weather
3. definition=make an alteration to | examples=This dress needs to be altered
4. definition=insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby
5. definition=remove the ovaries of | examples=Is your cat spayed?

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "alter" is used in the given sentence.

 Sentence: "Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without <t>altering</t> the steady rhythm of the striking."

 The word "altering" is used in the context of not changing the steady rhythm of the striking.

 Let's look at the senses:

 1. definition=cause to change; make different; cause a transformation | examples=The advent of the automobile may have altered the growth pattern of the city
    - This seems to fit. The ringers are not causing the rhythm to change.

 2. definition=become different in some particular way, without permanently losing one's or its former characteristics or essence | examples=her mood changes in accordance with the weather
    - This is about becoming different (intransitive), but here "altering" is used transitively with "the steady rhythm" as the object. So this doesn't fit.

 3. definition=make an alteration to | examples=This dress needs to be altered
    - This is about making specific alterations (like tailoring clothes), not about changing something in a general sense.

 4. definition=insert words into texts, often falsifying it thereby
    - Not relevant here, no text involved.

 5. definition=remove the ovaries of | examples=Is your cat spayed?
    - Not relevant, biological context.

 So sense 1 seems correct: "cause to change; make different; cause a transformation"

 The sentence says they vary the order without altering (changing) the rhythm. So they are not causing the rhythm to change.

 Sense 1 is the general transitive sense of changing something.

 Sense 3 is more specific to tailoring/clothing alterations usually, or specific modifications.

 Let me double-check sense 3: "make an alteration to" - this could be general, but usually in dictionaries, sense 3 is reserved for the specific meaning of altering clothes (tailoring). But looking at the example "This dress needs to be altered", yes, that's clothing.

 Sense 1 is the broad "cause to change" meaning.

 In the sentence: "without altering the steady rhythm" = without causing the steady rhythm to change / without making the steady rhythm different.

 This matches sense 1.

 Therefore, the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "steady" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the <t>steady</t> rhythm of the striking.

Senses:
1. definition=not subject to change or variation especially in behavior | examples=a steady beat
2. definition=not liable to fluctuate or especially to fall | examples=stocks are still firm
3. definition=securely in position; not shaky | examples=held the ladder steady
4. definition=marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable | examples=firm convictions
5. definition=relating to a person who does something regularly | examples=a regular customer
6. definition=not easily excited or upset | examples=steady nerves

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to identify which sense of "steady" is used in the given sentence. The sentence is: "Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the <t>steady</t> rhythm of the striking."

 I need to look at the definitions provided:

 1. definition=not subject to change or variation especially in behavior | examples=a steady beat
 2. definition=not liable to fluctuate or especially to fall | examples=stocks are still firm
 3. definition=securely in position; not shaky | examples=held the ladder steady
 4. definition=marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable | examples=firm convictions
 5. definition=relating to a person who does something regularly | examples=a regular customer
 6. definition=not easily excited or upset | examples=steady nerves

 The word "steady" in the sentence modifies "rhythm". The phrase is "steady rhythm".

 Let's analyze:
 - "Rhythm" refers to a pattern of sounds or movements.
 - The sentence says the ringers vary the order of the bells but don't alter the steady rhythm.
 - This means the rhythm remains constant, not changing, regular, consistent.

 Looking at the definitions:
 1. "not subject to change or variation especially in behavior" - example "a steady beat". A rhythm is like a beat. This fits well. The rhythm doesn't change or vary.
 2. This seems to be about financial stability or not falling (stocks).
 3. This is about physical stability, not shaky (like holding a ladder).
 4. This is about determination or resolution (firm convictions).
 5. This is about a regular customer (habitual).
 6. This is about emotional stability (nerves).

 Definition 1 fits best because:
 - It mentions "not subject to change or variation" which matches the context of not altering the rhythm.
 - The example "a steady beat" is very similar to "steady rhythm" - both refer to temporal regularity in sound.
 - The context is about the rhythm of bell striking remaining constant while the order changes.

 Therefore, the answer is 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[User]
Which numbered sense of "rhythm" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady <t>rhythm</t> of the striking.

Senses:
1. definition=the basic rhythmic unit in a piece of music | examples=the piece has a fast rhythm
2. definition=recurring at regular intervals
3. definition=an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs | examples=the never-ending cycle of the seasons
4. definition=the arrangement of spoken words alternating stressed and unstressed elements | examples=the rhythm of Frost's poetry
5. definition=natural family planning in which ovulation is assumed to occur 14 days before the onset of a period (the fertile period would be assumed to extend from day 10 through day 18 of her cycle)

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "rhythm" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady <t>rhythm</t> of the striking."

Let me analyze the sentence:
- It's about bell ringers varying the order of bells
- They don't alter the "steady rhythm" of the striking
- This refers to the regularity or pattern of the striking - the timing, the beat, the regular intervals

Now let's look at the senses:

1. "the basic rhythmic unit in a piece of music" - This is specifically about music. While bells make music, the context here seems to be about the regularity/timing of the striking, not necessarily the musical unit. But let me check others.

2. "recurring at regular intervals" - This seems to fit. The "steady rhythm" refers to something happening at regular intervals (the striking of the bells). The ringers vary the order but keep the timing regular.

3. "an interval during which a recurring sequence of events occurs" - This refers to a time period or cycle (like seasons). The sentence isn't talking about an interval or time period, but about the pattern/timing itself.

4. "the arrangement of spoken words alternating stressed and unstressed elements" - This is about poetry/prosody. Not relevant here.

5. "natural family planning..." - Definitely not relevant.

So between 1 and 2:
- Sense 1 is specifically about music (the basic rhythmic unit).
- Sense 2 is about recurring at regular intervals.

In the sentence, "steady rhythm of the striking" refers to the regular timing/pattern of the bell strikes. It's about the temporal regularity - the bells striking at steady intervals. This aligns with sense 2.

Sense 1 is more specific to musical composition (like rhythm in a song). While bell ringing is musical, the phrase "steady rhythm of the striking" emphasizes the regularity of the timing, not the musical rhythmic unit per se.

Actually, looking closely at sense 2: "recurring at regular intervals" - this is a definition, not a noun phrase. Wait, looking at the format:
- Sense 2 is just "recurring at regular intervals" - this seems like it's defining the concept of rhythm as regular recurrence.

Sense 1 is specifically musical.
Sense 2 seems to be the general concept of regular recurrence.
Sense 3 is about a cycle/interval of time.
Sense 4 is poetic meter.
Sense 5 is the medical/biological meaning.

In the sentence, "steady rhythm" modifies "striking" - meaning the striking happens at steady, regular intervals. This matches sense 2.

However, I should consider if this could be sense 1 (musical rhythm). Bell ringing is a musical activity (change ringing). But the specific phrase "steady rhythm of the striking" focuses on the regularity of the strikes, not the musical structure.

Also, looking at the examples:
- Sense 1 example: "the piece has a fast rhythm" - this is about tempo/speed in music.
- Sense 2 has no example provided, just the definition "recurring at regular intervals".
- Sense 3 example: "the never-ending cycle of the seasons" - this is about cycles/periods.

The sentence emphasizes that despite varying the order, the rhythm (regularity/timing) remains steady. This is clearly about regular intervals.

Therefore, the answer should be 2.

Wait, let me double-check the exact wording of sense 2. The user wrote:
"2. definition=recurring at regular intervals"

Yes, that's the pattern of regular recurrence. The "steady rhythm" means the bells continue to strike at regular, steady intervals even as the order changes.

So the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "striking" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the <t>striking</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=the physical coming together of two or more things | examples=contact with the pier scraped paint from the hull
2. definition=the act of contacting one thing with another | examples=repeated hitting raised a large bruise

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "striking" is used in the given sentence.

 Sentence: "Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the <t>striking</t>."

 The word "striking" here refers to the action of the bells being hit or sounded. Let me look at the two senses provided:

 Sense 1: "the physical coming together of two or more things" - examples: "contact with the pier scraped paint from the hull"
 Sense 2: "the act of contacting one thing with another" - examples: "repeated hitting raised a large bruise"

 Wait, these definitions seem very similar. Let me think about the context. In bell ringing terminology, "striking" refers to the hitting of the bell clapper against the bell, or the sound produced when bells are rung.

 Looking at the definitions more carefully:
 1. "the physical coming together of two or more things" - this seems to emphasize the collision itself, the contact between objects.
 2. "the act of contacting one thing with another" - this seems to emphasize the action of hitting.

 In the context of bell ringing, "striking" refers to the action of the bells being struck (hit) to produce sound, or the resulting sound pattern. The sentence mentions "the steady rhythm of the striking" - this is referring to the regular pattern of the bells being hit/sounded.

 Actually, looking at standard dictionary definitions for "striking" as a noun:
 - It can mean the act of hitting (e.g., "the striking of the clock")
 - It can mean the impact or collision

 In bell ringing specifically, "striking" refers to the sequence or pattern in which the bells sound.

 But looking at the specific definitions provided:
 1. "the physical coming together of two or more things" - this sounds like it could be the impact/collision itself
 2. "the act of contacting one thing with another" - this sounds like the action of hitting

 The example for sense 1: "contact with the pier scraped paint from the hull" - this suggests sense 1 is about the contact/collision event itself.
 The example for sense 2: "repeated hitting raised a large bruise" - this suggests sense 2 is about the action of hitting repeatedly.

 In the sentence about bells, "striking" refers to the action of the bells being struck (the clapper hitting the bell) to produce sound. The "steady rhythm of the striking" refers to the regular timing of the bells being hit.

 However, I need to be careful. In change ringing (bell ringing), "striking" specifically refers to the sound made when the bell is struck, or the timing/accuracy of the bells sounding.

 Let me reconsider the definitions:
 Sense 1: "the physical coming together of two or more things" - this is the collision itself
 Sense 2: "the act of contacting one thing with another" - this is the action of making contact

 Actually, looking at WordNet or similar lexical databases (which this format resembles):
 - Sense 1 might be: strike, contact, impinging (the physical coming together)
 - Sense 2 might be: strike, hitting, hit (the act of contacting)

 In the context: "the steady rhythm of the striking" - this is referring to the rhythmic hitting/action of the bells being struck. This would align with sense 2, "the act of contacting one thing with another."

 But wait, let me look at the example for sense 1 again: "contact with the pier scraped paint from the hull" - this is describing the contact event.
 Example for sense 2: "repeated hitting raised a large bruise" - this is describing the action of hitting.

 In bell ringing, when we talk about the "striking" of the bells, we are talking about the action of the clapper hitting the bell (the act of contacting), or the resulting sound. The phrase "steady rhythm of the striking" suggests the temporal pattern of the hitting action.

 Actually, looking more carefully at the sentence structure: "without altering the steady rhythm of the <t>striking</t>". This is referring to the striking of the bells - the action of hitting the bells to make them sound.

 Between the two options:
 1. The physical coming together (the collision itself)
 2. The act of contacting (the action of hitting)

 In bell ringing terminology, "striking" most commonly refers to the accuracy/timing of the bells sounding, which derives from the action of hitting. But the word itself in this context refers to the hitting action or the sound produced by it.

 Given the definitions:
 - Definition 1 focuses on the "physical coming together" (the event of contact)
 - Definition 2 focuses on the "act of contacting" (the action)

 The sentence mentions "rhythm of the striking" - rhythm applies to actions or events that occur in time. Both could potentially fit, but "act of contacting" (sense 2) seems more appropriate for a rhythmic action that is maintained steadily.

 However, I should consider if there's a more specific meaning. In bell ringing, "striking" is the term for the sequence of blows (hits) of the bells. The "striking" is the series of impacts.

 Let me think about the examples again:
 Sense 1 example: "contact with the pier scraped paint from the hull" - this is about the contact between two objects.
 Sense 2 example: "repeated hitting raised a large bruise" - this is about the action of hitting.

 In the bell sentence, "striking" is the action of the bells being rung (hit). The ringers vary the order but keep the rhythm of the hitting steady. This aligns with sense 2.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet entries for "striking":
 - Sense 1: contact, impinging, striking (physical contact between two things)
 - Sense 2: hit, hitting, striking (the act of contacting one thing with another)

 The sentence is about bell ringing. The "striking" in bell ringing is the act of the bell being hit (by the clapper) or the sound produced. Given the context of "ringers" and "bells sound", the "striking" refers to the hitting action that produces the sound.

 The phrase "rhythm of the striking" parallels "repeated hitting" in sense 2's example. Both involve repetition and rhythm.

 Therefore, the answer should be 2.

 Wait, let me double-check. Could it be sense 1? "The physical coming together" - the coming together of the clapper and the bell? In a way, yes, but the definition says "physical coming together of two or more things" which is more static or describes the collision event itself, whereas "act of contacting" describes the action.

 The sentence emphasizes the rhythm - which is temporal and applies to actions. The "act of contacting" is an action. The "physical coming together" is an event or state.

 Also, looking at the exact wording:
 Sense 1: "the physical coming together of two or more things"
 Sense 2: "the act of contacting one thing with another"

 In bell ringing, "striking" is definitely the act of hitting (sense 2).

 I will go with 2.

provider: DeepInfra


[User]
Which numbered sense of "variation" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Each <t>variation</t>, or change, can occur only once, the rules state.

Senses:
1. definition=an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change
2. definition=an activity that varies from a norm or standard | examples=any variation in his routine was immediately reported
3. definition=a repetition of a musical theme in which it is modified or embellished
4. definition=something a little different from others of the same type | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter
5. definition=an artifact that deviates from a norm or standard | examples=he patented a variation on the sandal
6. definition=the angle (at a particular location) between magnetic north and true north
7. definition=the process of varying or being varied
8. definition=(astronomy) any perturbation of the mean motion or orbit of a planet or satellite (especially a perturbation of the earth's moon)
9. definition=(biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration
10. definition=(ballet) a solo dance or dance figure
11. definition=the act of changing or altering something slightly but noticeably from the norm or standard | examples=who is responsible for these variations in taxation?

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "variation" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "Each <t>variation</t>, or change, can occur only once, the rules state."

The word "variation" is followed by ", or change," which is an appositive phrase defining/explaining the word. This means the sense should be closely related to "change."

Let me look at the senses:

1. definition=an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change
2. definition=an activity that varies from a norm or standard
3. definition=a repetition of a musical theme in which it is modified or embellished
4. definition=something a little different from others of the same type
5. definition=an artifact that deviates from a norm or standard
6. definition=the angle (at a particular location) between magnetic north and true north
7. definition=the process of varying or being varied
8. definition=(astronomy) any perturbation of the mean motion or orbit of a planet or satellite
9. definition=(biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration
10. definition=(ballet) a solo dance or dance figure
11. definition=the act of changing or altering something slightly but noticeably from the norm or standard

The sentence says "Each variation, or change..." This directly equates variation with change.

Sense 1: "an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change" - This fits perfectly because the appositive "or change" directly defines it as an instance of change.

Sense 7: "the process of varying or being varied" - This is about the process, but the sentence says "Each variation" (singular countable noun), suggesting an instance rather than a process. Also, the appositive "change" could be countable here too.

Sense 11: "the act of changing..." - Again, an act, but "Each variation" suggests a countable instance.

Wait, let me look more carefully. "Each variation, or change, can occur only once..."

If something can occur only once, and there are multiple of them (each), then it's referring to individual instances.

Sense 1: "an instance of change" - This matches perfectly. "Each instance of change... can occur only once."

Sense 7 is "the process" - uncountable or abstract, less likely with "Each."

Sense 11 is "the act" - also could be countable, but the direct synonymy with "change" as a general instance fits sense 1 best.

Actually, looking at the sentence structure: "Each variation, or change..." The word "change" here is likely a countable noun meaning "an instance of changing." Sense 1 explicitly mentions "an instance of change."

Also, in WordNet or similar dictionaries, sense 1 is often the most direct meaning. The appositive ", or change," is a strong indicator that the definition involves change directly.

Let me double-check sense 1 vs 11:
- 1: an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change
- 11: the act of changing or altering something slightly but noticeably from the norm or standard

The sentence doesn't mention anything about "from the norm or standard" in the immediate context, though it could be implied. However, the explicit appositive "or change" maps most directly to sense 1.

Wait, I should consider if there's any other clue. "can occur only once" - this suggests discrete events/instances. Sense 1's "an instance of change" fits this well.

I think the answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "occur" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Each variation, or change, can <t>occur</t> only once, the rules state.

Senses:
1. definition=come to pass | examples=What is happening?
2. definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary
3. definition=to be found to exist | examples=sexism occurs in many workplaces

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of the word "occur" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "Each variation, or change, can <t>occur</t> only once, the rules state."

Senses:
1. come to pass / What is happening?
2. come to one's mind; suggest itself / It occurred to me...
3. to be found to exist / sexism occurs in many workplaces

Let me analyze the sentence: "Each variation, or change, can occur only once..."

Here, "occur" means "happen" or "take place" - i.e., come to pass. The sentence is saying that each variation can happen only once according to the rules.

Let's check each sense:

Sense 1: "come to pass" - This fits. It means to happen or take place. The sentence is saying each variation can happen only once.

Sense 2: "come to one's mind" - This doesn't fit. The subject here is "Each variation, or change" - it's not about something coming to mind.

Sense 3: "to be found to exist" - This could potentially fit, but it's more about existence in a location or context (like "sexism occurs in workplaces"). While you could argue that variations exist, the context here is about events happening (taking place) according to rules, rather than being found to exist in a location. The phrase "can occur only once" strongly suggests the temporal aspect of happening/taking place (sense 1), rather than the existential aspect of being found (sense 3).

So the answer should be 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "only" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Each variation, or change, can occur <t>only</t> once, the rules state.

Senses:
1. definition=and nothing more | examples=I was merely asking
2. definition=without any others being included or involved | examples=was entirely to blame
3. definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead
4. definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. definition=never except when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "only" is used in the sentence: "Each variation, or change, can occur <t>only</t> once, the rules state."

Let me analyze the sentence. "Each variation, or change, can occur only once" means that each variation can happen exclusively once - no more than once, without any other occurrences being included. It's about exclusivity/restriction.

Let me look at the senses:

1. "and nothing more" - similar to "merely", "just". Example: "I was merely asking." This doesn't fit because "only once" isn't saying "merely once" in the sense of "and nothing more", though there is some overlap.

2. "without any others being included or involved" - example "was entirely to blame". This seems like the exclusivity sense. "Only once" means "once and no other times included/involved."

3. "with nevertheless the final result" - example "He arrived only to find his wife dead." This is the "only to" construction indicating an unfortunate result. Not this one.

4. "in the final outcome" - example "These news will only make you more upset." This is like "will just/end up making you more upset." Not this one.

5. "except that" - example "It was the same story; only this time she came out better." This is a conjunction use. Not this one.

6. "never except when" - example "call me only if your cold gets worse." This is conditional. "Only if." Not quite right, though "only once" is temporal, it's not "never except when."

7. "as recently as" - example "I spoke to him only an hour ago." Temporal, meaning "as recently as." Not this one.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 1 vs sense 2.

Sense 1: "and nothing more" | examples=I was merely asking
- This corresponds to "merely", "just", "simply". If I say "I only asked" = "I merely asked."

Sense 2: "without any others being included or involved" | examples=was entirely to blame
- This corresponds to "solely", "exclusively."

In "can occur only once", the word "only" is restricting the number of times to exactly one, excluding any other occurrences. This is exclusivity.

But wait, "only once" could be seen as "merely once" (sense 1) or "exclusively once" (sense 2). Let me think about the subtle differences.

Actually, looking at standard dictionary definitions:
- Sense 1 seems to correspond to adverbial "merely" (e.g., "only a child")
- Sense 2 seems to correspond to "exclusively" (e.g., "only five came")

In "Each variation... can occur only once", it means "exclusively once" or "once and no more." The phrase "without any others being included or involved" captures the exclusivity: no other occurrences are included.

But let me double-check. The example for sense 2 is "was entirely to blame" - wait, that doesn't even contain the word "only". That seems odd. Let me reconsider. Maybe the example is truncated or weird. "was entirely to blame" might correspond to "only too" or something? No, that doesn't make sense.

Wait, maybe the senses are from WordNet? Let me think. WordNet senses for "only" (adv):

1. merely, simply, just, only, but -- (and nothing more; "I was merely asking"; "it is simply a matter of time"; "just a scratch"; "he was only a child"; "hopes that last but a moment")
2. entirely, exclusively, solely, alone, only -- (without any others being included or involved; "was entirely to blame"; "a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children"; "he works for Mr. Smith exclusively"; "did it solely for money"; "the burden of proof rests on the prosecution alone"; "a privilege granted only to him")
3. only -- (with nevertheless the final result; "He arrived only to find his wife dead"; "We won only to lose again in the next round")
4. only -- (in the final outcome; "These news will only make you more upset")
5. only -- (except that; "It was the same story; only this time she came out better")
6. only -- (never except when; "call me only if your cold gets worse")
7. only -- (as recently as; "I spoke to him only an hour ago")

Yes, these look like WordNet senses.

In the sentence "Each variation... can occur only once", "only" means "exclusively" or "solely" - restricting to one time, excluding other times. This maps to sense 2: "without any others being included or involved."

Wait, but "only once" could also be interpreted under sense 1? Let me check WordNet examples. Sense 1 examples: "I was merely asking", "it is simply a matter of time", "just a scratch", "he was only a child", "hopes that last but a moment". These all correspond to "merely/simply."

Sense 2 examples: "was entirely to blame", "a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children", "he works for Mr. Smith exclusively", "did it solely for money", "the burden of proof rests on the prosecution alone", "a privilege granted only to him."

The last example "a privilege granted only to him" is very similar to "occur only once" - both restrict to a specific quantity/person. So sense 2 is correct.

Actually, "occur only once" = "occur exclusively once" = "occur one time without any other times being included." Definitely sense 2.

Let me make sure it's not sense 6: "never except when" / "call me only if." That's conditional. "Only once" is not conditional.

Sense 7 is temporal recency.

Sense 3 is "only to" (adverse result).

Sense 4 is "will only make" (inevitable result/outcome).

Sense 5 is conjunctional "except that."

So the answer is 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "once" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Each variation, or change, can occur only <t>once</t>, the rules state.

Senses:
1. definition=on one occasion | examples=once I ran into her
2. definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. definition=at a previous time | examples=at one time he loved her

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which sense of "once" is used in the given sentence. The sentence is: "Each variation, or change, can occur only <t>once</t>, the rules state."

Let me look at the three senses provided:

1. definition=on one occasion | examples=once I ran into her
2. definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. definition=at a previous time | examples=at one time he loved her

Now let's analyze the sentence: "Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state."

The word "once" here means "one time" or "on one occasion" - indicating that each variation can happen only a single time. This matches sense 1: "on one occasion".

Sense 2 ("as soon as") doesn't fit because there's no temporal sequence being introduced in a "as soon as" manner.

Sense 3 ("at a previous time") doesn't fit because it's not referring to something that happened in the past.

So the answer should be 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "rule" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the <t>rules</t> state.

Senses:
1. definition=a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior | examples=it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast
2. definition=something regarded as a normative example | examples=the convention of not naming the main character
3. definition=prescribed guide for conduct or action
4. definition=(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice
5. definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
6. definition=the duration of a monarch's or government's power | examples=during the rule of Elizabeth
7. definition=dominance or power through legal authority | examples=France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa
8. definition=directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted | examples=he knew the rules of chess
9. definition=any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order | examples=the rule of St. Dominic
10. definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass
11. definition=(mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems | examples=he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs
12. definition=measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "rule" is used in the given sentence: "Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the <t>rules</t> state."

 Let me analyze the sentence context:
 - "Each variation, or change, can occur only once" - this sounds like a regulation or guideline
 - "the rules state" - this indicates official guidelines or regulations that are being cited

 Now let me look at the options:

 1. "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior" - This could work, but let me check others.
 2. "something regarded as a normative example" - This is more about conventions/examples, not quite right.
 3. "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - This seems very close. It implies official guidelines.
 4. "(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice" - Not linguistic context.
 5. "a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct" - This is more like a principle or law of nature/society.
 6. "the duration of a monarch's or government's power" - Not relevant.
 7. "dominance or power through legal authority" - Not relevant.
 8. "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted" - This is possible if it's about a game, but the sentence doesn't specify it's a game. However, "variation" and "change" occurring only once could be game rules.
 9. "any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order" - Too specific to religious orders.
 10. "a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system" - Scientific principle.
 11. "(mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems" - Math context.
 12. "measuring stick" - Physical object.

 Between 1, 3, and 8:

 The sentence "Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state" sounds like it could be:
 - From a game or sport (option 8)
 - Or from a general set of regulations or prescribed guides (option 3)

 Option 1 says "customarily governs behavior" which emphasizes custom/tradition.
 Option 3 says "prescribed guide for conduct or action" which emphasizes something officially prescribed.
 Option 8 is specifically about games/sports.

 Without more context, this sentence could be from various contexts - it could be biological rules, game rules, or general regulations. However, looking at the specific wording "Each variation, or change, can occur only once" - this sounds like it could be describing constraints in a system, possibly grammatical rules, biological rules, or game rules.

 But wait, looking at the examples:
 - Option 1 example: "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast" - personal habit
 - Option 3: no example given, but "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - official
 - Option 8: "he knew the rules of chess" - games

 The phrase "the rules state" suggests an authoritative source. This could fit 3 or 8.

 However, looking at the sentence structure again: "Each variation, or change, can occur only once" - this sounds like it could be from a grammar text (linguistics - option 4), or from biology, or from a game.

 But let's look at the specific senses more carefully. The word "rules" here appears to be referring to regulations or guidelines that are formally stated.

 Option 3: "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - this is a very general definition that would cover game rules, regulations, etc.

 Option 8 is specifically limited to "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted."

 If the sentence is specifically about a game, then 8 would be correct. But if it's about general conduct or a system (like grammar, biology, etc.), then 3 or another option might be better.

 Actually, looking at option 4: "(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice" - the mention of "variation" is a linguistic term. In linguistics, "variation" refers to different forms or changes in language. So "Each variation, or change, can occur only once" could very well be a linguistic rule.

 But let me reconsider. The sentence could also be from a context like "the rules of the game" or "the rules of the competition."

 However, looking at the definitions, option 3 seems to be the most general and encompassing definition for "rules" that are prescribed guides. But let's check if there's a more specific fit.

 Wait, looking at the WordNet senses (which these appear to be based on):

 1. rule, regulation - a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior
 2. convention, normal, pattern, rule, formula - something regarded as a normative example
 3. prescript, rule - prescribed guide for conduct or action
 4. rule, linguistic rule - (linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice
 5. principle, rule - a basic generalization that is accepted as true...
 8. rule, prescript - (games) directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted

 Actually, looking carefully at the provided definitions:
 - 3 is "prescribed guide for conduct or action"
 - 8 is "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted"

 The sentence mentions "variation" and "change" occurring only once. This could be from a grammar book (linguistic rules), where syntactic variations are constrained. Or it could be from a game.

 But without specific context indicating it's a game, and given that "variation" is a technical term in linguistics, option 4 might be a strong candidate.

 However, looking at the general usage, "the rules state" is commonly used with regulations, laws, and prescribed guides (option 3).

 Let me think about this differently. The user is asking for a specific numbered sense. These look like WordNet 3.0 or similar dictionary senses.

 In WordNet:
 - Sense 1: "rule, regulation" - a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior
 - Sense 2: "convention, normal, pattern, rule, formula" - something regarded as a normative example
 - Sense 3: "prescript, rule" - prescribed guide for conduct or action
 - Sense 4: "rule, linguistic rule" - linguistics sense
 - Sense 5: "principle, rule" - basic generalization
 - Sense 6: "rule" - duration of monarch's power
 - Sense 7: "dominion, rule" - dominance/power
 - Sense 8: "rule" - directions for a game (usually "rules of the game")
 - Sense 9: "rule" - religious order rules
 - Sense 10: "principle, rule" - natural phenomenon
 - Sense 11: "rule, formula" - math procedure
 - Sense 12: "rule, ruler" - measuring stick

 Now, the sentence: "Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state."

 If this is from a grammar text about linguistic variations, it would be sense 4.
 If this is from a game rulebook about variations in play, it would be sense 8.
 If this is a general regulation, it would be sense 3 or 1.

 But "variation" is specifically defined in the sentence with "or change", suggesting it's explaining the term. This appositive structure suggests a technical or instructional context.

 Actually, looking at the sentence pattern, it sounds like it could be describing constraints in a puzzle, game, or formal system.

 Given that option 8 specifically mentions "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted" and gives the example "he knew the rules of chess", and the sentence talks about constraints on variations/changes occurring only once, this sounds like it could be describing game rules.

 However, option 3 "prescribed guide for conduct or action" is more general and would cover any formal prescription.

 But wait, looking at the distinction between 1 and 3:
 - 1 emphasizes "customarily governs behavior" (custom, habit)
 - 3 emphasizes "prescribed" (officially laid down)

 The phrase "the rules state" suggests something formally written/prescribed, not just customary. So between 1 and 3, 3 is better.

 Between 3 and 8:
 - 8 is specifically for games/sports
 - 3 is general for any conduct or action

 If the context is a game, 8 is more specific and therefore likely the intended answer. If the context is not specified as a game, 3 might be better.

 But the sentence mentions "variation" - in games, variations are specific versions or moves. "Each variation... can occur only once" sounds like it could be describing a constraint in a card game, board game, or puzzle.

 However, without explicit mention of game or sport, should I assume it's sense 3?

 Let me reconsider the linguistic sense (4). In linguistics, rules describe variations and changes in language. "Each variation... can occur only once" could describe constraints on morphological or syntactic variations. But the definition says "a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice". The sentence is stating a constraint, which is prescriptive or descriptive of a linguistic practice.

 But actually, looking at the example for sense 1: "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast" - this is a personal rule.
 Sense 3 is general prescription.
 Sense 8 is game-specific.

 Given the sentence structure and the fact that "rules" is plural and being cited as an authority ("the rules state"), and given that it places constraints on "variation" or "change", this is most likely referring to game rules (sense 8) or possibly linguistic rules (sense 4).

 But I need to look for clues. The word "variation" might be key. In many contexts, "variation" refers to genetic variation, musical variation, linguistic variation, or game variations.

 If it's genetic: "Each variation... can occur only once" - this would be a biological principle (sense 10).
 If it's musical: could be composition principles (sense 5 or 10).
 If it's linguistic: sense 4.
 If it's a game: sense 8.

 Given the options, and that sense 8 is specifically separated out from the general sense 3, and sense 4 is specifically for linguistics, I think the most likely intended answer depends on the most common context for such a sentence.

 Actually, looking at the sentence again, it might be from a text about chess or similar games, where each move variation can only be played once, or from a constraint satisfaction context.

 But let me think about which sense is most commonly distinguished. In many dictionaries, "rule" for games is a distinct sense.

 Wait, I should look at whether there's a sense that specifically deals with "regulations" vs "game rules".

 Sense 3: "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - this is very broad
 Sense 8: "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted" - specific to games

 If the sentence is about a game, 8 is correct. If it's about general conduct, 3 is correct.

 Given the mention of "variation" and the constraint "can occur only once", this sounds like it could be describing the rules of a specific game or puzzle where variations are limited.

 However, I should consider that the sentence might be about grammar/linguistics. In syntax, there are rules about variations and transformations. But "can occur only once" is a very specific constraint that might appear in linguistic texts about constraints on movement or transformations.

 But without more context, and given that sense 8 is a very common usage of "rules" (as in "the rules of the game"), and the sentence has an authoritative tone ("the rules state"), I think the safest answer is either 3 or 8.

 Let me check if there's any other clue. The sentence says "Each variation, or change..." - the appositive "or change" suggests that "variation" might be a technical term being explained. In games, variations are different lines of play. In biology, variations are mutations. In linguistics, variations are alternate forms.

 If this were biology, it would likely be sense 10 (natural phenomenon).
 If linguistics, sense 4.
 If games, sense 8.

 Given that sense 4 specifically mentions "linguistics" and sense 8 specifically mentions "game or sport", and the sentence doesn't explicitly mention either, but sense 3 is the general "prescribed guide", sense 3 might be the intended answer if it's not specifically a game or linguistics context.

 But looking at the provided definitions, sense 1 has an example about personal custom. Sense 3 has no example. Sense 8 has the chess example.

 The sentence "Each variation, or change, can occur only once" sounds like it could be from the rules of a card game, board game, or puzzle. For example, in some games, you can't make the same move twice, or each card variation can only be played once.

 I think I need to consider that in standard semantic datasets (like WordNet), the game sense (8) is distinct from the general prescriptive sense (3).

 Given the specificity of the constraint ("occur only once"), and that game rules often have such specific constraints, while general conduct guides are usually broader principles, I lean toward sense 8.

 However, sense 3 "prescribed guide for conduct or action" could also cover "each variation can occur only once" as a prescribed guideline for some procedure.

 But let me reconsider sense 1: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior". The example is personal habit. The sentence has "the rules state", which sounds more formal than customary.

 Actually, looking at the word "state" - "the rules state". This is a formal declaration. This fits best with prescribed rules (3), game rules (8), or religious rules (9), or linguistic rules (4).

 Given that "variation" is often used in games (chess variations, for example), and the constraint "only once" is typical of game mechanics, I will go with 8.

 Wait, I should verify. In chess, can a variation occur only once? Well, specific moves in specific positions, or perhaps the rules of a tournament regarding variations.

 Actually, on second thought, this sentence could be from a description of genetic or biological rules, where each genetic variation occurs only once in an organism or population. That would be sense 10.

 Or it could be from physics or mathematics.

 But given the options, and that sense 8 is specifically about games and sports, and this is a common context for "rules", and the sentence structure is typical of rulebooks ("The rules state that..."), I think the answer is likely 8.

 However, I'm not entirely certain. Let me reconsider sense 3 vs sense 8.

 Sense 3: "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - very general
 Sense 8: "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted" - specific

 In many word sense disambiguation tasks, if the context doesn't specify "game" or "sport", the general sense (3) would be preferred over the specific sense (8), unless there are strong indicators like "play", "player", "win", "lose", "chess", etc.

 The sentence mentions "variation" and "change". These could be technical terms in many fields.

 But looking at the provided example for sense 8: "he knew the rules of chess". This is clearly about knowing the regulations of a game.

 The sentence "Each variation, or change, can occur only once" could be paraphrased as "According to the regulations, you can only have one variation/change." This could apply to:
 1. A game: you can only make each type of move once
 2. A competition: each entry must be unique
 3. A formal procedure: each modification is allowed only once

 Without specific game vocabulary, but with the general term "rules", sense 3 might be more appropriate.

 But I recall that in some datasets, "rules" when referring to the regulations of an activity (like a game) are categorized under the game sense even if the word "game" isn't explicitly in the sentence, provided the context implies it.

 Given the ambiguity, and that sense 3 is a hypernym of sense 8 (game rules are a type of prescribed guide), and sense 8 is more specific, I should check if the sentence forces the specific interpretation.

 "Each variation, or change, can occur only once" - this constraint is very specific. It could be:
 - A rule of a card game (e.g., "each variation of the bidding can occur only once")
 - A linguistic constraint (e.g., "each syntactic variation can occur only once in a derivation")
 - A biological principle (sense 10)

 Given that sense 4 is specifically marked as linguistics, and sense 8 as games, and sense 10 as natural phenomenon, and the sentence doesn't specify the domain, sense 3 (general prescription) or sense 1 (general principle) might be the intended "default" sense.

 But sense 1 has the connotation of "customary" behavior, while sense 3 has the connotation of "prescribed" (officially mandated). "The rules state" strongly suggests official prescription, not just custom. So sense 1 is out.

 Between 3, 4, 8, and 10:
 - 4 and 8 are domain-specific
 - 10 is for natural phenomena/scientific laws
 - 3 is general prescription

 If the sentence is from a general text about regulations, 3 is correct.
 If from a linguistics text, 4 is correct.
 If from a game manual, 8 is correct.
 If from a science text, 10 is correct.

 Given that "variation" is a term used in linguistics, and "change" is explained as equivalent to variation (which is common in linguistic texts: "variation, or change, in language"), and linguistic rules often constrain how many times an operation can apply (e.g., "move-alpha can apply only once"), sense 4 is a strong candidate.

 However, "can occur only once" is also very typical of game rules.

 But looking at the exact wording: "Each variation, or change..." - the appositive suggests that "variation" is the technical term being used, and "change" is the gloss. In linguistics, "variation" and "change" are related but distinct concepts, but they are often discussed together.

 Actually, in historical linguistics or sociolinguistics, "variation" refers to synchronic variation, while "change" refers to diachronic change. But they are related.

 In biology, variation and change are also related concepts.

 Given the difficulty, and that these look like WordNet senses, I should consider which sense is most commonly associated with "the rules state" in general contexts.

 Upon reflection, I think the most likely answer is 8 (game rules) or 3 (general prescription).

 But let me look at the possibility that this is from a specific dataset example. The sentence structure "Each X, or Y, can occur only once" is very specific. It could be from a puzzle (like Sudoku or logic puzzles) where rules state constraints. Puzzles fall under games/recreations, so sense 8.

 Or it could be from a formal grammar.

 Given that the user provides this as a standalone sentence without context, and given that sense 3 is the most general "prescribed guide" that would cover any such constraint, while senses 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 are specific subtypes, the general sense 3 is a safe bet if no specific domain is indicated.

 However, in word sense disambiguation, we usually pick the most specific sense that applies. If it could be a game, and game rules are a major sense (8), and the constraint sounds like a game constraint, 8 might be expected.

 But I'm going to go with sense 3 because:
 1. It covers any prescribed guide
 2. There is no explicit mention of game, language, religion, math, or nature
 3. "The rules state" is compatible with any formal set of regulations

 Wait, I reconsider. Looking at the example for sense 1: "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast" - personal.
 Sense 3: no example, but "prescribed" suggests external authority.
 Sense 8: chess example.

 Given that "Each variation..." sounds like it could be from a manual or textbook explaining constraints, and if it's about grammar, it would be 4. If it's about biology, 10. If it's about games, 8.

 But "rules" in the plural with "state" is very common for game rules.

 Let me try to find if this is a known example sentence from a corpus. It sounds like it could be from the WordNet semantic concordance or similar.

 Actually, thinking about the content: "Each variation, or change, can occur only once" - this could be describing the rules of a competition where each contestant must be unique, or each entry must be different.

 Given the options, and that I must choose one, and that sense 3 is the hypernym for 4, 8, 9, and 11 in some ways, but 8 is distinct for games...

 I think the answer is 8. The constraint "occur only once" is very characteristic of game mechanics (no repeats, no duplicates).

 Final decision: 8

provider: AtlasCloud


[User]
Which numbered sense of "state" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules <t>state</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=express in words | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her
2. definition=put before | examples=I submit to you that the accused is guilty
3. definition=indicate through a symbol, formula, etc. | examples=Can you express this distance in kilometers?

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which sense of "state" is used in the sentence: "Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules <t>state</t>."

 Let me look at the three senses provided:

 1. definition=express in words | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her
 2. definition=put before | examples=I submit to you that the accused is guilty
 3. definition=indicate through a symbol, formula, etc. | examples=Can you express this distance in kilometers?

 In the sentence "Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state," the word "state" means to declare, affirm, or express something in words. The rules are expressing or declaring that each variation can occur only once.

 Looking at sense 1: "express in words" - this matches. When rules state something, they express it in words.

 Looking at sense 2: "put before" - this seems to mean presenting something for consideration, like submitting an argument. This doesn't fit as well.

 Looking at sense 3: "indicate through a symbol, formula, etc." - this is about mathematical or symbolic representation, which doesn't fit here.

 So the correct answer is sense 1.

 Wait, let me double-check. The example for sense 1 is "He said that he wanted to marry her" - this is about expressing something verbally or in words.

 The sentence "the rules state" means the rules declare or express this proposition. This is definitely sense 1.

 Actually, looking at WordNet or similar lexical databases, "state" as a verb often has senses like:
 - state: express in words
 - submit: put before
 - express: indicate through a symbol, formula, etc.

 Sense 2 "put before" with the example "I submit to you that the accused is guilty" seems to be the verb "submit" or perhaps a different sense of "state" meaning to declare formally?

 Wait, I need to be careful. The senses provided are:
 1. express in words
 2. put before
 3. indicate through a symbol, formula, etc.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 2: "I submit to you that the accused is guilty" - this uses the verb "submit", not "state". But the sense is labeled as a sense of "state".

 Let me reconsider. Maybe these are from a specific lexical resource. The example "I submit to you..." suggests this might be a sense meaning "to declare" or "to assert" in a formal way.

 But in standard dictionaries, "state" means:
 1. to express something definitely or formally in speech or writing
 2. to express or communicate something

 The phrase "the rules state" is a very common usage where "state" means to say, declare, or express in words.

 Sense 1: "express in words" - matches perfectly.
 Sense 2: "put before" - this might mean to present for consideration, which is different.
 Sense 3: mathematical expression - doesn't fit.

 So the answer should be 1.

 Let me verify once more. The sentence is: "Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state."

 This is saying that the rules express or declare that each variation can occur only once. This is clearly sense 1.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 2 again: "I submit to you that the accused is guilty" - this is using "submit" in the sense of "put forward" or "present". If this is a sense of "state", it would mean something like "to set forth" or "to posit".

 But "the rules state" is not about putting something before someone for consideration in the way "submit" suggests. It's about the rules declaring or saying something.

 Therefore, the answer is 1.

provider: Novita


[User]
Which numbered sense of "ringer" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>Ringers</t> memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters.

Senses:
1. definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)
2. definition=a person who is almost identical to another
3. definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "ringer" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters."

Key context clues:
- They memorize "patterns of changes"
- These are called "methods"
- Names like "Kent Treble Bob Major" or "Grandsire Caters" - these are names of change ringing methods

Change ringing is the art of ringing church bells (or handbells) in mathematical patterns. People who ring church bells are called "ringers."

Looking at the definitions:
1. definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) - This fits the context of change ringing and memorizing patterns called "methods" with specific names like "Kent Treble Bob Major."
2. definition=a person who is almost identical to another - This doesn't fit.
3. definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses - This doesn't fit (this would be like a professional entering an amateur tournament).
4. definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg - This is about horseshoes, not memorizing patterns.

So the answer is sense 1.

Let me verify "Kent Treble Bob Major" - yes, this is a method in change ringing (English style bell ringing). "Grandsire Caters" is also a method in change ringing.

Therefore, the correct answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "method" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "<t>methods</t>, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters.

Senses:
1. definition=a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)
2. definition=an acting technique introduced by Stanislavsky in which the actor recalls emotions or reactions from his or her own life and uses them to identify with the character being portrayed

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "method" is used in the given sentence.

The sentence is: "Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "<t>methods</t>, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters."

Let me analyze the context:
- "Ringers" refers to bell ringers (in change ringing)
- They memorize "patterns of changes"
- These patterns are called "methods"
- Examples given are "Kent Treble Bob Major" and "Grandsire Caters" - these are specific names of change ringing methods

Now looking at the senses:
1. "a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)"
2. "an acting technique introduced by Stanislavsky..."

Sense 2 is clearly about the "Method" acting technique, which is a specific proper noun in acting. This doesn't fit the context of bell ringing.

Sense 1 is the general definition of a method as a systematic way of doing something. In change ringing, a "method" is indeed a systematic way or pattern of ringing bells in a specific sequence. It's a technical term in campanology (the study of bells) that refers to the specific algorithms or patterns used for ringing bells in sequence.

Wait, let me reconsider. The sentence mentions "patterns of changes" which are known as "methods". In change ringing terminology, a "method" is a specific pattern or algorithm for ringing bells. This would fall under sense 1 - a systematic way of doing something (ringing bells in a specific pattern).

Sense 2 is specifically about acting and Stanislavsky, which is completely unrelated to bell ringing.

Therefore, the answer should be 1.

But let me double-check: Is there any chance this is referring to sense 2? No, because the context is clearly about bell ringing (ringers, Kent Treble Bob Major, Grandsire Caters), not acting.

So the correct answer is 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "name" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding <t>names</t> like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters.

Senses:
1. definition=a language unit by which a person or thing is known | examples=his name really is George Washington
2. definition=a person's reputation | examples=he wanted to protect his good name
3. definition=family based on male descent | examples=he had no sons and there was no one to carry on his name
4. definition=a well-known or notable person | examples=they studied all the great names in the history of France
5. definition=by the sanction or authority of | examples=halt in the name of the law
6. definition=a defamatory or abusive word or phrase

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "name" is used in the given sentence.

The sentence is: "Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as 'methods,' which have odd-sounding <t>names</t> like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters."

The word "names" is marked with <t></t> tags.

Let me look at the senses:

1. definition=a language unit by which a person or thing is known | examples=his name really is George Washington
2. definition=a person's reputation | examples=he wanted to protect his good name
3. definition=family based on male descent | examples=he had no sons and there was no one to carry on his name
4. definition=a well-known or notable person | examples=they studied all the great names in the history of France
5. definition=by the sanction or authority of | examples=halt in the name of the law
6. definition=a defamatory or abusive word or phrase

In the sentence, "names" refers to what the methods are called - specific designations or labels like "Kent Treble Bob Major" or "Grandsire Caters". These are language units by which these patterns/methods are known.

This matches sense 1: "a language unit by which a person or thing is known"

The examples given for sense 1 ("his name really is George Washington") show proper nouns used to identify specific entities. Similarly, in the sentence, "Kent Treble Bob Major" and "Grandsire Caters" are specific names (labels) given to specific patterns/methods in change ringing.

Sense 2 is about reputation - not applicable here.
Sense 3 is about family lineage - not applicable.
Sense 4 refers to famous people themselves ("a well-known or notable person") - not applicable here, though the phrasing "great names" might be confusing, in the target sentence it's about the labels themselves.
Sense 5 is about authority/sanction - not applicable.
Sense 6 is about insults - not applicable.

So the answer is 1.

provider: Phala


[User]
Which numbered sense of "series" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: A <t>series</t> of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours.

Senses:
1. definition=similar things placed in order or happening one after another | examples=they were investigating a series of bank robberies
2. definition=a serialized set of programs | examples=a comedy series
3. definition=a periodical that appears at scheduled times
4. definition=(sports) several contests played successively by the same teams | examples=the visiting team swept the series
5. definition=(electronics) connection of components in such a manner that current flows first through one and then through the other | examples=the voltage divider consisted of a series of fixed resistors
6. definition=a group of postage stamps having a common theme or a group of coins or currency selected as a group for study or collection | examples=the Post Office issued a series commemorating famous American entertainers
7. definition=(mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "series" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "A <t>series</t> of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours."

Let me analyze the sentence. It mentions "a series of 5,000 or so changes" which refers to bell ringing (changes). In change ringing, a "series" refers to a sequence of changes (permutations of the order of bells).

Looking at the definitions:
1. "similar things placed in order or happening one after another" - examples mention bank robberies. This seems to fit: a sequence of changes happening one after another.
2. "a serialized set of programs" - TV/radio series. Not this.
3. "a periodical" - magazine. Not this.
4. "sports contests" - Not this.
5. "electronics connection" - Not this.
6. "postage stamps/coins" - Not this.
7. "mathematics sum of sequence" - This is a mathematical series (sum), but the sentence is talking about bell ringing.

Wait, let me reconsider. The sentence mentions "peal" which is a term from bell ringing (change ringing). In change ringing, a "peal" is a series of changes (permutations) of bells.

Definition 1 says "similar things placed in order or happening one after another". A series of changes would be changes happening one after another in sequence.

Definition 7 is the mathematical definition - the sum of a sequence. But here we're talking about a sequence of changes, not the sum of them.

Actually, looking more carefully: "A series of 5,000 or so changes" - this is referring to a sequence of individual changes (permutations).

Definition 1: "similar things placed in order or happening one after another" - this fits. A series of bank robberies, a series of changes...

Definition 7 is specifically mathematical: "the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions". This would be like 1 + 2 + 3 + ... or a geometric series. But the sentence is not talking about a mathematical sum, it's talking about a sequence of bell ringing changes.

So the answer should be 1.

But let me double-check. Is there any chance this is definition 7? In mathematics, a series is the sum of a sequence. But in common parlance and in bell ringing specifically, a "series of changes" means a sequence of changes. The word "series" in the mathematical sense is specifically about summation. The sentence is clearly talking about bell ringing (peal), and describes it as a series of changes.

Definition 1 examples: "they were investigating a series of bank robberies" - this is a sequence of events happening one after another.

Definition 7: mathematical sum.

The sentence: "A series of 5,000 or so changes" - this is 5,000 changes happening in sequence. This matches definition 1.

Therefore, the answer is 1.