[User]
Which numbered sense of "provocation" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The <t>provocation</t> of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football.

Senses:
1. definition=unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment
2. definition=something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action
3. definition=needed encouragement | examples=the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which sense of "provocation" is used in the given sentence. Let me analyze the sentence and the definitions.

Sentence: "The <t>provocation</t> of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football."

The sentence is talking about provoking/getting a yellow card. In football (soccer), a yellow card is shown by the referee to caution a player. The phrase "provocation of a yellow card" suggests the act of causing or inciting the referee to show a yellow card, or perhaps the act of provoking a situation that leads to a yellow card.

Let me look at the definitions:

1. "unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment" - This refers to the behavior itself that provokes someone. In the sentence, "provocation" is the act of bringing about/causing the yellow card, not the unfriendly behavior itself.

2. "something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action" - This seems to fit. The provocation here is the act or means of causing/inciting the yellow card to be given. Or it could mean the act of provoking the situation.

3. "needed encouragement | examples=the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation" - This seems to be about encouragement or stimulation. The example "provocation of vigorous investigation" suggests causing/stimulating something to happen.

Wait, let me reconsider the sentence structure. "The provocation of a yellow card" - this could mean:
- The act of provoking someone to get a yellow card
- The act of causing a yellow card to be issued

In football context, players might "provoke" an opponent to commit a foul that earns a yellow card, or they might provoke the referee into showing a yellow card.

Looking at definition 2: "something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action" - this seems to be about the thing that provokes, not the act of provoking.

Actually, let me look more carefully. Definition 2 says "something that incites or provokes" - that's the agent or cause. But in the sentence, "provocation" seems to be the act or process.

Definition 1: "unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment" - this is about the behavior.

Definition 3: "needed encouragement" - with the example "provocation of vigorous investigation" - here "provocation" is used as the act of causing/stimulating something.

Wait, the example in definition 3 is "the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation" - this suggests that "provocation" can mean the act of provoking/causing something.

But let me think about the sentence again. "The provocation of a yellow card" - in football, this could mean:
1. The act of provoking an opponent (unfriendly behavior) that leads to the opponent getting a yellow card
2. The act of causing/inciting the referee to give a yellow card

Actually, looking at the phrase "provocation of a yellow card", this is a bit unusual. Usually, we say "provocation" is the behavior that causes a reaction. But here it says "provocation of a yellow card" which suggests the provocation is the cause of the yellow card.

Let me reconsider the definitions:

1. Unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment - this would be the provocation itself, not "provocation of X"

2. Something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action - this is the thing that causes the reaction

3. Needed encouragement - the example shows "provocation of vigorous investigation" which parallels "provocation of a yellow card"

In definition 3's example: "the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation" - here "provocation" means the act of provoking or causing the investigation.

Similarly, in the sentence: "The provocation of a yellow card" would mean the act of causing/provoking a yellow card to be given.

But wait, definition 3 says "needed encouragement". That doesn't quite fit with a yellow card in football. A yellow card is a punishment, not something encouraged.

Let me reconsider definition 2: "something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action"

If "provocation" is the something that incites, then "the provocation of a yellow card" would mean the thing that incites the yellow card. But the structure "the provocation of X" usually means the act of provoking X.

Actually, looking at the example in sense 3: "the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation" - this is clearly using "provocation" as a noun where "of vigorous investigation" is the object. So "provocation" here means the act of provoking/causing.

But sense 3 is defined as "needed encouragement". That seems odd for "provocation of a yellow card".

Let me think about this differently. In the sentence: "The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice..."

This is talking about the practice of provoking/getting a yellow card. In football, players sometimes try to get a yellow card for an opponent by simulating a foul or by provoking the opponent to commit a foul.

Actually, looking at it again: "provocation of a yellow card" might mean the act of provoking that results in a yellow card.

But let's look at the definitions once more:

1. Unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment
2. Something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action
3. Needed encouragement | examples=the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation

The example in sense 3 is key: "provocation of vigorous investigation" - this shows "provocation" used with "of" + [result]. This matches the structure in the sentence: "provocation of a yellow card".

However, sense 3 is defined as "needed encouragement". Does getting a yellow card count as "needed encouragement"? That doesn't make sense. A yellow card is a caution/warning.

Wait, I need to be careful. Let me look at the actual word usage in the sentence.

"The provocation of a yellow card" - this could mean:
- The provocation (behavior) that leads to a yellow card
- The act of provoking someone to receive a yellow card

In football, "provocation" is often used to describe actions that incite an opponent to react, which might lead to a yellow card for the opponent.

But looking at definition 1: "unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment" - if the provocation is the behavior, then "the provocation of a yellow card" would mean the provocation (behavior) associated with getting a yellow card. But the structure suggests the provocation causes the yellow card.

Definition 2: "something that incites or provokes" - if provocation is the thing that incites, then "provocation of a yellow card" doesn't make sense because the yellow card is the result, not the thing being incited.

Actually, "provocation of a yellow card" could mean the provocation that leads to the yellow card. In that case, definition 1 or 2 might fit.

Definition 1: unfriendly behavior...
Definition 2: something that incites...

But the example in definition 3 is the only one that shows the structure "provocation of [noun]".

Let me reconsider the meaning of the sentence. "The provocation of a yellow card... is not a new practice"

In football/soccer, there is a concept where players try to "provoke" a yellow card for the opponent. This means they do something to incite the opponent to commit a foul or react in a way that gets them a yellow card.

So "provocation" here is the act or strategy of causing a yellow card to be issued.

Definition 2 says: "something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action"

If we interpret "provocation" as the means or act of inciting, then "the provocation of a yellow card" = the act of inciting/causing a yellow card.

Definition 3 with its example "provocation of vigorous investigation" suggests that "provocation" can mean the act of causing something.

But definition 3 is labeled as "needed encouragement".

Let me think about this more carefully. The word "provocation" generally means:
1. The act of provoking
2. Something that provokes

In many dictionaries:
- Sense 1: The act of provoking or inciting
- Sense 2: Something that provokes; a cause of anger or irritation

Looking at the given definitions:
1. "unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment" - this is the something that provokes (the cause)
2. "something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action" - this is also the something that provokes
3. "needed encouragement" with example "provocation of vigorous investigation" - this seems to be the act of provoking/causing

Wait, the example "provocation of vigorous investigation" - if "provocation" means "needed encouragement", then "needed encouragement of vigorous investigation" could make sense in some contexts. But "provocation" usually has a negative connotation (provoking anger, etc.), not encouragement.

Actually, looking at definition 3 again: "needed encouragement | examples=the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation"

This is confusing. "Provocation" doesn't mean encouragement. Unless this is a specialized usage?

Let me reconsider the sentence context. In football, when we talk about "provocation" leading to a yellow card, we usually mean:
- A player provokes an opponent
- The opponent reacts and gets a yellow card

Or:
- A player provokes the referee to give a yellow card

But the phrase "provocation of a yellow card" is unusual. It treats the yellow card as the object of the provocation - i.e., causing the yellow card to happen.

Let me look at the example in sense 3: "the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation"

Here, "provocation" = the causing/stimulation of investigation.
Similarly, "provocation of a yellow card" = the causing of a yellow card.

So the structure matches sense 3.

But does the meaning match? Sense 3 says "needed encouragement". Is a yellow card "needed encouragement"? No.

Unless... the definition labels are misleading or I'm misunderstanding them.

Let me look at definition 2: "something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action"

If "provocation" is the means of arousing, then "the provocation of a yellow card" could mean the means by which a yellow card is aroused/caused.

But the example in sense 3 is the only one with the "provocation of [noun]" structure.

Actually, looking at WordNet or similar lexical databases might help. In WordNet, "provocation" has:
1. aggravation, irritation, provocation - unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment
2. incitement, provocation - something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action
3. provocation, incitement - needed encouragement

Wait, sense 3 "needed encouragement" with example "the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation" - this seems like it might be about the act of provoking/causing.

But "needed encouragement" is a strange definition for provocation. Unless it's used in the sense of "provocation" as in provoking thought or action in a positive way?

Actually, looking at the sentence again: "The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice..."

I think this is using "provocation" to mean the act of provoking/causing a yellow card to be given. This would be similar to "incitement" - the act of inciting.

In the list:
1. The behavior that causes anger
2. The something that incites
3. Needed encouragement (with the example showing "provocation of...")

The example in sense 3 is the key. "Provocation of vigorous investigation" uses "provocation" as the act of causing.

But the definition says "needed encouragement". That doesn't fit with a yellow card.

Unless... the sentence is saying that getting a yellow card through provocation is a practice. But a yellow card is a penalty, not encouragement.

Let me reconsider whether the sentence might mean something else.

"The provocation of a yellow card" - could this mean the provocation (by the referee or by the rules) that consists of a yellow card? No, that doesn't make sense.

Could it mean the provocation that results in a yellow card? Yes. The unfriendly behavior (provocation) causes the referee to give a yellow card.

In that case, sense 1 would fit: "unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment"

The provocation (unfriendly behavior) results in a yellow card.

But the structure "provocation of a yellow card" is still tricky. It could mean:
- The provocation [that leads to] a yellow card
- The provoking [of] a yellow card

If it's "the provoking of a yellow card" (gerund/verbal noun), then it's the act of causing a yellow card.

If it's "the provocation [that causes] a yellow card", then it's the cause.

In English, "the provocation of X" usually means the act of provoking X.
Example: "the provocation of violence" = the act of provoking violence.

But in the example for sense 3: "the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation" - here "provocation of vigorous investigation" means the causing of vigorous investigation.

So sense 3 allows the structure "provocation of [result]".

However, sense 3 is defined as "needed encouragement".

Let me check if there's a sense of provocation that means the act of causing/stimulating.

Actually, looking at standard dictionary definitions:
- Provocation can mean: the action of provoking
- Or: something that provokes

Sense 1: the something (unfriendly behavior)
Sense 2: the something (means of arousing)
Sense 3: the act? With example showing "provocation of..."

But "needed encouragement" is a very specific and odd definition.

Wait, I should look at the example in sense 3 more carefully: "the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation"

If the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation, and provocation means "needed encouragement", then the result was a needed encouragement of vigorous investigation. That could make sense in some technical contexts.

But for the football sentence: "The provocation of a yellow card" - if this means "the needed encouragement of a yellow card", that doesn't make sense because a yellow card is not encouragement.

Unless... in some contexts, a yellow card is seen as a warning that encourages better behavior? That's a stretch.

Let me reconsider sense 2: "something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action"

Could "the provocation of a yellow card" mean the something that incites the yellow card?

Actually, looking at the sentence structure again: "The provocation of a yellow card... is not a new practice"

This suggests that "provocation of a yellow card" is a practice (something people do). So it's an action or behavior.

In football, the practice of provoking opponents to get them yellow cards is common. Players dive, or taunt opponents, to get them to react and receive yellow cards.

So "provocation" here refers to the act of provoking.

But which sense is that?

Sense 1: "unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment" - this could be it. The provocation is the unfriendly behavior.

Sense 2: "something that incites or provokes" - this is the agent, not the act.

Sense 3: "needed encouragement" - doesn't fit.

Actually, looking at WordNet:
provocation#n#1: aggravation, irritation, provocation - unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment
provocation#n#2: incitement, provocation - something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action
provocation#n#3: provocation, incitement - needed encouragement; "the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation"

Wait, sense 3 in WordNet is actually "needed encouragement" and the example is given. But in standard usage, "provocation" in "provocation of vigorous investigation" means the act of provoking/causing.

But the definition "needed encouragement" suggests a positive connotation.

Let me think about the football sentence one more time. Could "provocation of a yellow card" mean something else?

Actually, I just realized - in some contexts, particularly in Romance languages, "provocation" might be used differently. But this is English.

Let me search my knowledge for similar usages.

"The provocation of a response" - means causing a response.
"The provocation of anger" - means causing anger.

So "the provocation of a yellow card" means the causing of a yellow card.

Now, which sense allows "provocation" to mean the act of causing?

Sense 3 has the example "provocation of vigorous investigation" which shows this usage.

Even though the definition says "needed encouragement", the example shows the structure. And in the context of the football sentence, it's about causing a yellow card to happen.

But wait - is a yellow card something that is "encouraged"? No.

Unless the definition "needed encouragement" is wrong or I'm misunderstanding it.

Let me look at the three senses again:

1. unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment
2. something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action
3. needed encouragement | examples=the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation

Actually, looking at sense 3's example: "the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation"

If the definition is "needed encouragement", then the example might mean: the result was a needed encouragement of vigorous investigation. This could make sense if, for example, the investigation needed to be encouraged/provoked.

But in the football sentence, is the yellow card "needed encouragement"? No.

However, looking at sense 2: "something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action"

Could the sentence mean: The something-that-incites of a yellow card...?

"The provocation of a yellow card" = the thing that incites the yellow card?

But a yellow card is given by a referee. What incites a yellow card? A foul or misconduct.

Actually, the sentence might mean: The provoking (of an opponent) that results in a yellow card (for the opponent).

In that case, "provocation" is the behavior (sense 1).

Or it could mean: The act of causing a yellow card to be given (perhaps by simulating a foul).

Let me try a different approach. Let's look at the exact wording of the definitions and see which one fits the syntactic and semantic constraints.

Syntactic structure in sentence: "The provocation of a yellow card"
- Determiner: The
- Noun: provocation
- Prepositional phrase: of a yellow card

This structure typically indicates:
- The provocation consists of a yellow card (unlikely)
- The provocation causes a yellow card (likely)
- The provocation is caused by a yellow card (possible but unlikely)

"Provocation of violence" = causing violence
"Provocation of a crisis" = causing a crisis

So "provocation of a yellow card" = causing a yellow card.

Now, which sense of "provocation" means "the act of causing"?

Sense 3 is the only one with an example showing this structure: "provocation of vigorous investigation"

Therefore, despite the definition "needed encouragement", sense 3 is the one that allows the interpretation of "provocation" as the act of causing something, with the something being the object of "of".

But let me double-check sense 2. Could "something that incites or provokes" work with "of a yellow card"?

"The something-that-incites of a yellow card" - this would mean the provocation belongs to the yellow card, or the yellow card's provocation.

"The provocation of a yellow card" could theoretically mean the provocation caused by a yellow card. But that doesn't make sense in context because a yellow card is a punishment, not something that provokes (usually).

Actually, a yellow card could provoke a reaction from the player. "The provocation of a yellow card" = the provocation caused by receiving a yellow card.

But the sentence says this is a "practice" in football. Is getting a yellow card a practice? No, giving yellow cards is the referee's job. But players might try to provoke opponents.

Wait, I think I need to reconsider the meaning of the sentence.

"The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice..."

This is saying that causing/provoking a yellow card is a practice. In football, players often try to get their opponents booked (shown a yellow card) by simulating fouls or by provoking them into committing fouls.

So "provocation" here is the act of causing the yellow card.

The only sense with the example "provocation of [noun]" is sense 3.

Even though the definition "needed encouragement" seems odd, the syntactic pattern matches.

But actually, looking more carefully at sense 3: "needed encouragement | examples=the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation"

The vertical bar might separate the definition from the example. The definition is "needed encouragement". The example is separate.

But "provocation of vigorous investigation" as "needed encouragement of vigorous investigation" is a bit strange.

Let me reconsider whether sense 1 or 2 could work.

Sense 1: "unfriendly behavior that causes anger or resentment"
- "The unfriendly behavior of a yellow card" - doesn't make sense.

Sense 2: "something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action"
- "The something-that-incites of a yellow card" - could mean the thing that the yellow card incites? Or the thing that incites the yellow card?

If "provocation" is the means of arousing, then "the provocation of a yellow card" could mean the means by which a yellow card is aroused/caused. This is a bit of a stretch grammatically, but possible.

Actually, in legal or formal English, "the provocation of X" where X is a response or reaction, means the act of provoking X.

For example: "The provocation of an immune response"
"The provocation of a reaction"

This is the act of causing.

In WordNet, this would be sense 3 based on the example.

But let me check if sense 2 could mean the act. "Something that incites" is the nominalization of the object, not the action.

Sense 1: The behavior (the action of behaving badly)
Sense 2: The inciter (the cause)
Sense 3: The incitement (the act of inciting) - with example showing "provocation of..."

Actually, looking at the WordNet entry online:
Sense 3: provocation, incitement - needed encouragement; "the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation"

The gloss "needed encouragement" is peculiar. But the example shows the usage.

In the context of the task, I need to choose between 1, 2, and 3.

Given the structure "provocation of a yellow card" parallels "provocation of vigorous investigation", the answer should be 3.

But let me also consider if it could be 2.

"The something that incites of a yellow card" - this is awkward.

Or if we interpret it as: The provocation [which consists] of a yellow card? No.

Or: The provocation [leading to] a yellow card?

Actually, looking at the sentence once more with fresh eyes:

"The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football."

I think this might be using "provocation" to mean the act of provoking an opponent in a way that gets the opponent a yellow card. This is the behavior (sense 1).

But the phrase "provocation of a yellow card" is still problematic for sense 1. "The unfriendly behavior of a yellow card" doesn't parse well.

Unless... "provocation" is being used to mean the act of provoking, and "of a yellow card" specifies what is being provoked? But you don't provoke a yellow card, you provoke a person.

Wait! That's important. You provoke a person, not a card. A card is an object.

But in the sentence, it says "provocation of a yellow card". This suggests that "provocation" here means the causing or bringing about of the yellow card.

In medical or technical contexts: "provocation of symptoms" means causing symptoms to appear.

Similarly, "provocation of a yellow card" means causing a yellow card to be given.

This is sense 3, based on the example "provocation of vigorous investigation".

The answer is 3.

But I'm uneasy about the definition "needed encouragement". Let me see if there's another interpretation.

Could the sentence mean: "The provocation [consisting] of a yellow card..."?
i.e., the yellow card itself is the provocation (unfriendly behavior or means of inciting)?

"The provocation of a yellow card" = the provocation that is a yellow card?

But a yellow card is a piece of cardboard or the act of showing it. Is showing a yellow card a provocation? It could be seen as provocative behavior.

But the sentence says this is a "practice". Is showing a yellow card a practice? Referees do it, but it's not really a practice that is "not new" in the sense of a tactic.

Actually, players might try to provoke the referee into giving a yellow card to an opponent. So the provocation is the player's behavior.

"The provocation [behavior] of [getting] a yellow card" - the behavior aimed at getting a yellow card for the opponent.

This would be sense 1: unfriendly behavior.

And the structure would be "provocation of [purpose/result]" where "of" indicates the objective.

But "provocation of a yellow card" as "provocation for the purpose of a yellow card" is a bit strained.

Let me look at the example in sense 3 again: "the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation"

This clearly uses "provocation" as the causing of something.

I think the answer is 3.

Actually, I want to check one more thing. Could sense 2 work?

"something that incites or provokes; a means of arousing or stirring to action"

"The means of arousing of a yellow card" - doesn't work.

"The something that incites of a yellow card" - doesn't work.

So sense 2 is out.

Between sense 1 and 3:

Sense 1: The behavior that causes anger.
"The behavior that causes anger of a yellow card" - doesn't parse.

Unless: "The provocation of a yellow card" means the provocation caused by a yellow card.
"The anger-causing behavior of a yellow card" = the provocation caused by a yellow card.

Is a yellow card provocative? It can anger the player who receives it. So the yellow card provokes anger. The provocation of the yellow card = the provocation caused by the yellow card.

And this practice (of yellow cards provoking anger?) is frequent.

But the sentence says "the provocation of a yellow card... is not a new practice". If yellow cards provoke anger, that's just a natural reaction, not a practice.

A "practice" implies something intentional or customary that people do.

Players provoking yellow cards (i.e., causing yellow cards to be given through their actions) is a practice/tactic.

Therefore, "provocation" means the act of causing the yellow card.

This matches sense 3 with its example "provocation of vigorous investigation".

Answer: 3

Actually, I want to verify one more time. Let me think about whether "provocation" can mean the act of provoking in standard dictionaries.

Merriam-Webster:
1. the act of provoking
2. something that provokes

The act of provoking = causing something to occur.
The something that provokes = the stimulus.

In the given senses:
1. unfriendly behavior (the stimulus)
2. something that incites (the stimulus)
3. needed encouragement (?) with example showing the act

Wait, sense 3's example "provocation of vigorous investigation" - if "provocation" is the stimulus, then "stimulus of vigorous investigation" doesn't make sense. It must be the act.

So sense 3 is the act of provoking.

Therefore, the answer is 3.

provider: DeepInfra


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "circumstance" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The provocation of a yellow card in similar <t>circumstances</t> as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football.

Senses:
1. definition=a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity
2. definition=the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event | examples=the historical context
3. definition=information that should be kept in mind when making a decision | examples=another consideration is the time it would take
4. definition=formal ceremony about important occasions | examples=pomp and circumstance

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "circumstance" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "The provocation of a yellow card in similar <t>circumstances</t> as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football."

Let me analyze the sentence:
- It's talking about "similar circumstances" in the context of getting a yellow card in football
- "Circumstances" here refers to the situation, conditions, or context surrounding the event (the provocation that led to the yellow card)
- It's comparing this particular situation to other similar situations

Now let's look at the senses:

1. "a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity" - This could work. The circumstances are the conditions surrounding the yellow card.

2. "the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event" - This also seems relevant. It's talking about the context or situation surrounding the event.

3. "information that should be kept in mind when making a decision" - This doesn't fit. The sentence isn't talking about decision-making information.

4. "formal ceremony about important occasions" - This doesn't fit at all. There's no ceremony being discussed.

Between sense 1 and 2:
- Sense 1 emphasizes "a condition that accompanies or influences"
- Sense 2 emphasizes "the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation"

In the sentence, "in similar circumstances" refers to similar situations or contexts. The phrase "similar circumstances" typically refers to the surrounding situation or context (sense 2), but sense 1 could also apply.

Let me think more carefully. "Circumstances" in the plural often refers to the surrounding conditions or situation.

Sense 1: "a condition" (singular focus)
Sense 2: "the set of facts or circumstances" (plural focus, context)

The sentence uses "circumstances" (plural) to refer to the situation/context in which the yellow card was given. "In similar circumstances" means "in a similar situation" or "under similar conditions."

Looking at sense 2's example: "the historical context" - this suggests it's about the surrounding context.

Looking at sense 1: "a condition that accompanies or influences" - this is more about a specific factor.

In the football example, "similar circumstances" refers to similar situations or contexts - like similar types of fouls, similar moments in the game, etc. This seems to align more with sense 2 (the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation).

However, sense 1 is also plausible because circumstances can be the conditions accompanying an event.

Let me reconsider the exact wording.

Sense 1: "a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity"
Sense 2: "the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event"

The phrase "in similar circumstances" is comparing the surrounding context of different instances. This is most similar to sense 2.

Actually, looking at standard dictionary definitions:
- Circumstance (usually plural): the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event, or an action.

Sense 2 says: "the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event"

Wait, sense 2 uses the word "circumstances" in its own definition, which is interesting.

Sense 1 is more about a specific condition.

In the sentence "in similar circumstances", it's referring to the overall situation or context. This matches sense 2 best.

But let me double-check by looking at how these senses are typically distinguished.

Sense 1 is often about a particular factor or condition.
Sense 2 is about the overall context or environment.
Sense 3 is about considerations for decisions.
Sense 4 is about ceremonies.

In "pomp and circumstance" (sense 4), it's clearly about ceremony.

In the given sentence, "similar circumstances" means similar situations or contexts. For example, if a player provokes an opponent in a certain way (the circumstance/situation), they get a yellow card.

I think sense 1 or 2 could work, but sense 2 is more precise because "circumstances" in the plural usually refers to the surrounding facts and conditions collectively (the context), rather than a single condition.

Actually, looking at WordNet or similar lexical databases (which this format resembles):

WordNet for circumstance:
1. a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity
2. the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event
3. information that should be kept in mind when making a decision

Sense 2 includes the word "circumstances" in the definition, which suggests it's the context/environment meaning.

The example for sense 2 is "the historical context" - this confirms it's about the surrounding situation.

In the football sentence, "similar circumstances" means similar contexts or situations. So sense 2 seems correct.

But wait, "in similar circumstances" is a very common phrase. Let me think about whether it's sense 1 or 2.

Actually, looking at the definition of sense 1 again: "a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity"

If I say "under normal circumstances", am I using sense 1 or 2?

"Under normal circumstances" means under normal conditions. This could be sense 1 (conditions).

But sense 2 is "the set of facts or circumstances" - this is recursive.

Let me look at the structure. These look like WordNet synset definitions.

WordNet:
- Sense 1: circumstance, condition, setting (a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity)
- Sense 2: context, circumstance (the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event) - "the historical context"
- Sense 3: circumstance (information that should be kept in mind when making a decision) - "another consideration is the time it would take"

Actually, looking at WordNet 3.1:
- circumstance (n.) :: a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity
- context, circumstance, context of use (n.) :: discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation
- circumstance (n.) :: the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event; "the historical context"

Wait, let me check WordNet more carefully.

WordNet search for "circumstance":
1. a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity
2. the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event
3. information that should be kept in mind when making a decision

Yes, these match the user's list.

Now, for "in similar circumstances":
This phrase refers to being in a similar situation or context.

Consider: "He would have succeeded in similar circumstances."
This means: given a similar context/situation, he would have succeeded.

This aligns with sense 2: "the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation or event"

Sense 1 is more specific - a particular condition. But "circumstances" plural usually refers to the totality of conditions.

Actually, sense 1 can be plural too: "circumstances" meaning conditions.

But the key distinction:
Sense 1 = condition(s) that influence
Sense 2 = the surrounding context/environment

In the football sentence: "in similar circumstances as this one" - this is referring to a similar type of situation or context. It's comparing the surrounding facts of this event to other events.

Therefore, sense 2 is the best answer.

Wait, I should also consider if it could be sense 1.

"In similar circumstances" could mean "under similar conditions."

But looking at the example for sense 2: it mentions "context" as an example word. The definition emphasizes the surrounding facts.

The phrase "circumstances as this one" suggests we're talking about the situation or context of this particular event.

I think sense 2 is correct.

Let me verify with a similar sentence: "In normal circumstances, I would agree."
- This uses sense 1 or 2?
- WordNet examples might help.

Actually, looking at usage:
- Sense 1: "due to circumstances beyond our control" - here it refers to conditions.
- Sense 2: "a victim of circumstance" - here it refers to the situation/context.

But "a victim of circumstance" could be sense 1 too.

Let me think about "similar circumstances" specifically.

If we say "similar circumstances", we are comparing the surrounding situations.

In the football context: the provocation happened in certain circumstances (the context of the game, the type of foul, etc.). The sentence says this happens frequently in similar circumstances (similar contexts).

I think sense 2 is most appropriate.

But actually, looking at many dictionary definitions, sense 1 and 2 are closely related.

However, sense 2 is defined as "the set of facts or circumstances" - note that it uses the word "circumstances" in the definition of sense 2, which suggests that sense 2 is the broader, contextual meaning.

The examples provided:
- Sense 2 example: "the historical context"
- Sense 3 example: "another consideration is the time it would take"

The word "context" in the sense 2 example is key. The football sentence is talking about the context of the yellow card.

"in similar circumstances as this one" = "in a context similar to this one"

Therefore, the answer is 2.

One more check: Could it be sense 1?
Sense 1: "a condition that accompanies or influences"
If we interpret "circumstances" as "conditions", then "in similar conditions" makes sense.
But the definition of sense 1 uses singular "a condition", while sense 2 uses the word "circumstances" (plural) in its definition.

Actually, in many lexical databases, sense 1 allows for plural usage meaning the aggregate of conditions, but sense 2 is specifically about the surrounding context.

Given that the sentence compares "this one" (this situation/context) with "similar circumstances", and given that sense 2's example is "the historical context", I believe sense 2 is the intended answer.

The answer is 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "practice" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new <t>practice</t>, but rather frequent in the world of football.

Senses:
1. definition=a customary way of operation or behavior | examples=it is their practice to give annual raises
2. definition=systematic training by multiple repetitions | examples=practice makes perfect
3. definition=translating an idea into action | examples=a hard theory to put into practice
4. definition=the exercise of a profession | examples=the practice of the law
5. definition=knowledge of how something is usually done | examples=it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "practice" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new <t>practice</t>, but rather frequent in the world of football."

Let's analyze the sentence. The word "practice" here refers to something that is done customarily or habitually in football. It's talking about a customary way of operation or behavior - specifically, provoking a yellow card in similar circumstances is a common/customary thing in football.

Let's look at the senses:
1. definition=a customary way of operation or behavior | examples=it is their practice to give annual raises
2. definition=systematic training by multiple repetitions | examples=practice makes perfect
3. definition=translating an idea into action | examples=a hard theory to put into practice
4. definition=the exercise of a profession | examples=the practice of the law
5. definition=knowledge of how something is usually done | examples=it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner

Sense 1: "a customary way of operation or behavior" - This fits. The sentence says it's not a new practice but frequent. It refers to a customary behavior in football.

Sense 5: "knowledge of how something is usually done" - This is close but slightly different. It's about knowledge of customs, whereas the sentence is referring to the actual customary behavior itself, not the knowledge of it.

Wait, let me reconsider. The sentence says "provocation of a yellow card... is not a new practice". This means the act of provoking a yellow card in such circumstances is a customary/habitual occurrence.

Sense 1: "a customary way of operation or behavior" - yes, this is about a custom or habit.
Sense 5: "knowledge of how something is usually done" - this is about knowing the custom.

The example for sense 1: "it is their practice to give annual raises" - this parallels "it is a frequent practice in football to provoke yellow cards".
The example for sense 5: "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner" - this is also similar. Hmm.

Actually, sense 5's example "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner" is very similar in structure to the sentence. But let's look at the definitions carefully.

Sense 1: "a customary way of operation or behavior" - the practice itself is the customary way.
Sense 5: "knowledge of how something is usually done" - this seems to refer to the knowledge or convention.

Wait, looking at standard WordNet senses (which this seems to be based on):
Sense 1: "a customary way of operation or behavior" (e.g., "it is their practice to give annual raises")
Sense 5: "knowledge of how something is usually done" (e.g., "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner")

Actually, in the sentence, "practice" refers to the habitual action or custom itself - the fact that players frequently provoke yellow cards in similar circumstances. This is a customary way of behavior.

But sense 5's example "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner" also uses "practice" to mean a customary action. However, the definition says "knowledge of how something is usually done". That seems like it might be a different nuance.

Let me think about the WordNet definitions more carefully. WordNet for "practice" (noun):
1. a customary way of operation or behavior; "it is their practice to give annual raises"; "they changed their dietary pattern" (synonyms: pattern)
2. systematic training by multiple repetitions; "practice makes perfect" (synonyms: exercise, drill...)
3. translating an idea into action; "a hard theory to put into practice" (synonym: praxis)
4. the exercise of a profession; "the practice of the law"; "it takes a lot of practice to play well" - wait, that last example seems off. Actually WordNet sense 4 is "the exercise of a profession or occupation" and sense 5 is "knowledge of how something is usually done".

Actually, looking at the exact definitions provided:
1. customary way of operation or behavior
5. knowledge of how something is usually done

The sentence: "The provocation of a yellow card... is not a new practice" - this is referring to the action/custom itself. It's a thing that is done. It's a customary behavior. So sense 1.

But wait, sense 5's example "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner" is almost identical in usage to "it is not a new practice". However, the definition for sense 5 explicitly says "knowledge of how something is usually done". That doesn't quite fit because the sentence isn't talking about knowledge.

Actually, I should look at whether these are from WordNet and what the exact distinctions are. In WordNet 3.0:
- Sense 1: "a customary way of operation or behavior" (as in "it is their practice to give annual raises")
- Sense 2: "systematic training by multiple repetitions"
- Sense 3: "translating an idea into action"
- Sense 4: "the exercise of a profession"
- Sense 5: "knowledge of how something is usually done" (as in "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner")

Wait, actually in WordNet, sense 5 might be "convention, normal, pattern, rule, formula - something regarded as a normative example". Let me reconsider.

Actually, looking at the provided definitions, sense 5 says "knowledge of how something is usually done". The example "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner" suggests that "practice" here means a custom or convention. But the definition emphasizes "knowledge".

However, in the target sentence, "provocation of a yellow card... is not a new practice", the word refers to the actual occurrence/custom of doing this. It's a customary way of behavior. So sense 1.

Let me double-check. If something is "a new practice", it means a new custom or habitual action. Sense 1 is "a customary way of operation or behavior". That matches perfectly.

Sense 5 is "knowledge of how something is usually done". The sentence isn't about knowing how it's done, but about the fact that it is done as a custom.

Therefore, the answer is 1.

Wait, I want to be absolutely sure. Could it be sense 5? Let's compare the examples:
- Sense 1 example: "it is their practice to give annual raises" → "it is a frequent practice in football to provoke yellow cards"
- Sense 5 example: "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner" → "it is not a new practice..."

Both seem plausible. But the definitions differ:
- Sense 1: "a customary way of operation or behavior"
- Sense 5: "knowledge of how something is usually done"

The sentence is describing the provocation of a yellow card as a customary behavior/occurrence, not as knowledge. The phrase "not a new practice" means this behavior has been customary for a while. It's the behavior itself.

Also, "frequent in the world of football" modifies the practice, indicating it's a common behavior.

So I'll go with 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[User]
Which numbered sense of "world" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the <t>world</t> of football.

Senses:
1. definition=everything that exists anywhere | examples=they study the evolution of the universe
2. definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | examples=the Western world
3. definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | examples=his world was shattered
4. definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | examples=the Earth moves around the sun
5. definition=people in general considered as a whole | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
6. definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world
7. definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
8. definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | examples=all the world loves a lover

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "world" is used in the given sentence.

 Sentence: "The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the <t>world</t> of football."

 The phrase is "the world of football". This refers to the community or sphere of people involved in football - a distinctive group of people with a shared interest (football).

 Let me look at the senses:
 1. everything that exists anywhere - too broad, not this
 2. people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest - "the Western world", "the world of football" fits here
 3. all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you - subjective/personal world, not this
 4. the 3rd planet from the sun - physical planet, not this
 5. people in general considered as a whole - general public, not a specific group
 6. a part of the earth that can be considered separately - physical region, not this
 7. the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven - secular vs religious, not this
 8. all of the living human inhabitants of the earth - all humanity, not this

 "The world of football" means the community, industry, or sphere of people involved in football. This matches sense 2: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" with the example "the Western world" (which is also a distinctive group with shared interests/culture).

 Actually, looking at sense 6: "a part of the earth that can be considered separately" with example "the outdoor world". This could potentially fit, but "world of football" is more about the people/community than a physical part of the earth.

 Sense 2 is the best fit because "the world of [activity/profession]" refers to the people involved in that activity or profession - a distinctive group with a shared interest.

 So the answer should be 2.

provider: Phala


[User]
Which numbered sense of "football" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of <t>football</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal
2. definition=the inflated oblong ball used in playing American football

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "football" is used in the given sentence.

 Sentence: "The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of <t>football</t>."

 Senses:
 1. definition=any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal
 2. definition=the inflated oblong ball used in playing American football

 Let's analyze:
 - The sentence mentions "yellow card" - this is a term used in soccer/association football, not American football.
 - The phrase "world of football" refers to the sport/game itself, not the physical ball.
 - Sense 1 refers to the game/sport.
 - Sense 2 refers specifically to the physical ball used in American football.

 Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct answer because:
 1. "Yellow card" is associated with soccer/association football (which falls under sense 1 as "any of various games")
 2. "World of football" refers to the sport/game domain, not the physical object

 Sense 2 is incorrect because:
 1. It specifically mentions "American football"
 2. It refers to the physical ball, not the sport
 3. Yellow cards are not used in American football

 So the answer should be 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[User]
Which numbered sense of "rule" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten <t>rules</t>, but followed nonetheless by this sport.

Senses:
1. definition=a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior | examples=it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast
2. definition=something regarded as a normative example | examples=the convention of not naming the main character
3. definition=prescribed guide for conduct or action
4. definition=(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice
5. definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
6. definition=the duration of a monarch's or government's power | examples=during the rule of Elizabeth
7. definition=dominance or power through legal authority | examples=France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa
8. definition=directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted | examples=he knew the rules of chess
9. definition=any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order | examples=the rule of St. Dominic
10. definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass
11. definition=(mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems | examples=he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs
12. definition=measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "rule" is used in the given sentence.

Sentence: "It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten <t>rules</t>, but followed nonetheless by this sport."

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence talks about "unwritten rules" that are part of the "ethos" and are "followed nonetheless by this sport."
- This is referring to sports - specifically rules that govern how a sport is conducted, but unwritten ones (part of the ethos/culture).
- Looking at the senses:
  1. principle or condition that customarily governs behavior - could fit, but let's check others.
  2. something regarded as a normative example - doesn't quite fit.
  3. prescribed guide for conduct or action - close, but "prescribed" suggests formal, while these are unwritten.
  4. linguistics - no.
  5. basic generalization accepted as true - no.
  6. duration of monarch's power - no.
  7. dominance or power - no.
  8. directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted - this mentions sport specifically! "he knew the rules of chess"
  9. religious order - no.
  10. natural phenomenon - no.
  11. mathematics - no.
  12. measuring stick - no.

Wait, sense 8 says "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted" with the example "he knew the rules of chess". The sentence explicitly mentions "this sport" and talks about rules followed by the sport.

However, sense 1 is "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior" with the example "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast".

Sense 3 is "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - no example given, but "prescribed" might imply written/formal.

The key here is that the sentence mentions "this sport". Sense 8 explicitly mentions "game or sport". Even though the rules are "unwritten", they are still rules of the sport - directions defining how the sport is conducted. In sports, there are written rules and unwritten rules (like codes of conduct, etiquette, etc.). These unwritten rules still define the way the sport is conducted.

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 1 says "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior". Unwritten rules in sports are often about custom, ethos, and behavior. The example "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast" is a personal habit.

Sense 8 is specifically about the formal rules of a game/sport. But the sentence says "unwritten rules... followed nonetheless by this sport." Unwritten rules in sports context (like baseball's unwritten rules) are typically about customs and norms of behavior within the sport, not the formal directions of how the game is conducted.

Wait, but sense 8 says "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted". Unwritten rules in sports DO define the way the sport is conducted, even if unwritten. For example, in baseball, there are unwritten rules about not stealing bases when ahead by a lot, or not bunting to break up a no-hitter. These are directions defining conduct in the sport.

But sense 1 "principle or condition that customarily governs behavior" also fits well because these are customary behaviors.

Let me look more carefully at the sentence: "It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten <t>rules</t>, but followed nonetheless by this sport."

The phrase "part of the ethos" suggests cultural norms, customs. "Unwritten rules" is a common collocation.

Sense 1: principle or condition that customarily governs behavior. The word "customarily" is key here. Unwritten rules are customary.
Sense 8: directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted.

I think the question is testing whether I can distinguish between general behavioral principles (sense 1) and sport-specific directions (sense 8).

Given that the sentence explicitly mentions "this sport", and sense 8 is the only one that mentions sport/game, and the context is about a sport, sense 8 seems like the intended answer. However, "unwritten rules" in sports are often distinguished from the official rules. The official rules are sense 8. The unwritten rules might be sense 1.

But wait - the sentence says "followed nonetheless by this sport." This implies that the sport follows these rules. The rules define the sport's conduct.

Let me check the exact wording of sense 8 again: "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted | examples=he knew the rules of chess"

And sense 1: "definition=a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior | examples=it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"

If I look at WordNet or similar lexicographic resources (which this seems to be based on), sense 8 is specifically for games/sports. The example sentence mentions "this sport", which strongly points to sense 8.

Actually, looking at the sentence structure again: "It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport." The "it" refers to something (probably a practice or tradition) that is part of the ethos and unwritten rules of the sport.

In many lexical sample tasks (like SemCor or similar), the sense is determined by the specific context. The mention of "sport" is a strong indicator for sense 8.

However, I should consider if "unwritten rules" could be sense 1. Sense 1's example is a personal habit ("his rule"). The definition says "customarily governs behavior" - this could apply to sports culture. But sense 8 is more specific.

In word sense disambiguation, more specific senses usually win when the context matches. The context is clearly about a sport. Therefore, sense 8 is the best fit.

Wait, I want to double-check. Is there any chance it's sense 3? "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - "prescribed" usually means formally laid down, which contradicts "unwritten".

Sense 1 vs 8:
- Sense 1: customarily governs behavior (general)
- Sense 8: define the way a game or sport is to be conducted (specific to games/sports)

Since the domain is explicitly "this sport", sense 8 is the correct choice.

Actually, let me reconsider one more time. The phrase "unwritten rules" is very commonly used with sense 1 - principles that customarily govern behavior but aren't formal. For example, "the unwritten rules of etiquette."

But in the context of "this sport", and given that sense 8 exists specifically for games/sports, I think the answer is 8.

Let me verify by searching my internal knowledge of WordNet senses for "rule". This looks like it could be from WordNet 3.0 or similar.

WordNet 3.0 senses for "rule":
1. a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"
2. something regarded as a normative example; "the convention of not naming the main character"
3. prescribed guide for conduct or action
4. (linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice
5. a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct; "their principles of composition characterized all their works"
6. the duration of a monarch's or government's power; "during the rule of Elizabeth"
7. dominance or power through legal authority; "France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa"
8. directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; "he knew the rules of chess"
9. any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order; "the rule of St. Dominic"
10. a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system; "the principle of the conservation of mass"
11. (mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems; "he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs"
12. measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths

Yes, this is definitely WordNet.

Now, in WordNet, the sentence "It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport." - if this is from a standard dataset, I need to determine the correct sense.

The phrase "unwritten rules" in sports is an interesting case. In WordNet, sense 8 requires "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted." Are unwritten rules "directions"? They can be. But they are often contrasted with the official rules.

However, looking at the definition of sense 1 again: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior." The key word is "customarily." Unwritten rules are precisely customary principles. The example "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast" shows it can be a personal custom, but the definition itself is general.

Actually, I recall that in some WSD datasets, "rule" in the context of sports games is often sense 8. But "unwritten rule" might be sense 1.

Let me think about the phrase "part of the ethos". Ethos is the characteristic spirit of a culture, era, or community. This aligns with "customarily governs behavior" (sense 1) more than formal game directions (sense 8).

But the sentence says "followed nonetheless by this sport." This suggests the rules are followed by participants in the sport.

Hmm. Let me consider: if someone says "the unwritten rules of baseball," are they using sense 1 or 8? I think in common parlance, "the rules of baseball" usually means sense 8 (the official rules), but "unwritten rules" refers to the customary code of conduct (sense 1). However, lexicographically, WordNet might classify any "rule of a sport" as sense 8.

Wait, I should look at whether there are any other clues. The sentence says "It is so extended that it part of the ethos..." - "It" refers to some practice or tradition. This practice is part of the ethos and part of the unwritten rules. So the rules here are unwritten customary norms.

Between sense 1 and 8:
- Sense 1: customarily governs behavior
- Sense 8: directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted

If the rules are unwritten, are they "directions"? Directions can be unwritten (oral traditions). But "prescribed guide" (sense 3) is different.

I think the most likely intended answer is 8 because:
1. The context explicitly mentions "this sport"
2. Sense 8 is the only sense that mentions sport
3. Even unwritten rules of a sport define how the sport is conducted

But I'm not entirely sure. Let me reconsider sense 1. The example for sense 1 is personal ("his rule"), but the definition is general. However, sense 1 is often used for "as a rule" and general principles.

Actually, looking at the sentence again: "It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport." The word "nonetheless" suggests that despite being unwritten and part of the ethos, they are still followed. This implies a contrast between written/official and unwritten/cultural.

In sports, the official rules are sense 8. The unwritten rules might be sense 1 (customary behavior). But the sentence is saying these unwritten things are rules of the sport.

Let me try a different approach. If I remove "unwritten", would it clearly be sense 8? "the rules of this sport" -> definitely sense 8. Adding "unwritten" modifies the rules but doesn't necessarily change the sense - they are still rules defining the sport, just unwritten ones.

However, "unwritten rules" is such a strong collocation for sense 1 (customary principles) that it might override the sport context.

Let me check if there's a known annotation for this sentence. This looks like it could be from the SemCor corpus or similar. The sentence structure "It is so extended that it part of the ethos..." seems like it might be from a specific text about a sport (maybe cricket or rugby?).

Actually, searching my training data, this sentence seems to be from a text about... hmm, I shouldn't assume I can find the exact source.

Let me think about the logic of word sense disambiguation. The most specific sense that fits the context is preferred. The context contains "sport". Sense 8 is specifically about games/sports. Therefore, sense 8 is the correct answer.

I'll go with 8.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "part" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: <t>Part</t> of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician.

Senses:
1. definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself
2. definition=something less than the whole of a human artifact | examples=the rear part of the house
3. definition=a portion of a natural object | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts
4. definition=that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation | examples=it requires vigilance on our part
5. definition=the extended spatial location of something | examples=the farming regions of France
6. definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | examples=the function of a teacher
7. definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
8. definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | examples=he wanted his share in cash
9. definition=one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole | examples=the written part of the exam
10. definition=a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions | examples=his part was right in the middle
11. definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part
12. definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "part" is used in the given sentence. Let me analyze the sentence:

"Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization..."

The phrase is "Part of the debate". This means a portion or section of the debate, not the whole debate.

Let me look at the definitions:

1. something determined in relation to something that includes it - This seems like "part of something bigger", belonging to a group.
2. something less than the whole of a human artifact - Physical part of an object made by humans.
3. a portion of a natural object - Part of something natural like a river.
4. that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation - "on our part" - responsibility or role aspect.
5. the extended spatial location of something - Regions, areas.
6. the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group - Function, role, duty.
7. an actor's portrayal of someone in a play - Acting role.
8. assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group - Share, portion of assets.
9. one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole - This seems to fit "part of the debate" - the debate is divided into portions, and this is one of them.
10. a line of scalp - Hair parting.
11. the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument - Musical part.
12. the part played by a person in bringing about a result - Contribution, role in an outcome.

The sentence uses "Part of the debate" to mean a portion or segment of the debate. This matches sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole" with the example "the written part of the exam".

Sense 1 is about belonging to a group or being a member of something larger. Sense 9 is about a division of a whole into parts.

"Part of the debate" suggests the debate is divided into parts, and we're talking about one such part. This is sense 9.

Let me double-check sense 1: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself" - this is about membership, inclusion.

Sense 9: "the written part of the exam" - this is a subdivision of the exam.

"Part of the debate" is referring to a portion/section of the debate, so sense 9 is correct.

Actually, let me reconsider. Could it be sense 1? "Part of the debate" - is the debate including this part? Yes, but sense 1 is defined as "something determined in relation to something that includes it" with the example about feeling "a part of something bigger". This is more about being a member or component of a larger entity in an abstract sense.

But sense 9 is specifically about portions into which something is divided. "Part of the debate" where debate is an abstract thing being divided into portions.

Looking at the examples:
Sense 1: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself"
Sense 9: "the written part of the exam"

"Part of the debate" is closer to "the written part of the exam" than to feeling like "a part of something bigger". The debate is being divided into parts (aspects, sections), so sense 9.

Wait, I should also consider sense 3: "a portion of a natural object" - but debate is not a natural object.

Sense 2: human artifact - debate is not a physical artifact.

Sense 4: "on our part" - not this usage.

Sense 8: assets/share - not this.

So it's between sense 1 and sense 9 mostly.

Sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it" - this is a component/constituent relationship.
Sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided" - this is a subdivision.

"Part of the debate" in the context suggests a portion or aspect of the debate. The debate has multiple parts/aspects, and this is one of them. This is sense 9.

For example, "Part of the problem is..." - this is sense 9, meaning one portion/aspect of the problem.

Sense 1 would be used in "He is part of the team" - he belongs to the team.

So the answer should be 9.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "debate" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Part of the <t>debate</t> arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician.

Senses:
1. definition=a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal | examples=the argument over foreign aid goes on and on
2. definition=the formal presentation of a stated proposition and the opposition to it (usually followed by a vote)

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to identify which numbered sense of "debate" is used in the given sentence.

 First, let me analyze the sentence:
 "Part of the <t>debate</t> arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician."

 This sentence is discussing a controversy or discussion about a case involving Real Madrid and Mourinho. The word "debate" here refers to a discussion or argument about this topic.

 Now let's look at the two senses provided:

 Sense 1: "a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal" - example: "the argument over foreign aid goes on and on"

 Sense 2: "the formal presentation of a stated proposition and the opposition to it (usually followed by a vote)" - this sounds like a formal debate competition or parliamentary procedure.

 In the context of the sentence, "debate" is referring to a discussion or controversy that has arisen in a case. It's not referring to a formal structured debate with a proposition and opposition followed by a vote. Rather, it's referring to the general discussion/argument about the issue.

 The context suggests a controversy or dispute, which aligns more with sense 1 (a discussion with reasons for and against). Sense 2 is too specific to formal debate settings (like parliamentary debates or competitive debating).

 The sentence mentions "Part of the debate arisen in the related case" - this implies an ongoing discussion or controversy, not necessarily a formal debate structure.

 Therefore, the answer should be 1.