[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side
Target surface form: sides
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both <t>sides</t> see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side%1:15:02:: | definition=a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location | examples=they always sat on the right side of the church; he never left my side
2. sense_key=side%1:14:00:: | definition=one of two or more contesting groups | examples=the Confederate side was prepared to attack
3. sense_key=side%1:08:00:: | definition=either the left or right half of a body | examples=he had a pain in his side
4. sense_key=side%1:15:00:: | definition=a surface forming part of the outside of an object | synonyms=face | examples=he examined all sides of the crystal; dew dripped from the face of the leaf
5. sense_key=side%1:06:00:: | definition=an extended outer surface of an object | examples=he turned the box over to examine the bottom side; they painted all four sides of the house
6. sense_key=side%1:09:00:: | definition=an aspect of something (as contrasted with some other implied aspect) | examples=he was on the heavy side; he is on the purchasing side of the business
7. sense_key=side%1:15:01:: | definition=a line segment forming part of the perimeter of a plane figure | examples=the hypotenuse of a right triangle is always the longest side
8. sense_key=side%1:14:01:: | definition=a family line of descent | examples=he gets his brains from his father's side
9. sense_key=side%1:13:00:: | definition=a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass used for food | synonyms=side of meat
10. sense_key=side%1:10:00:: | definition=an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute | synonyms=position | examples=there are two sides to every question
11. sense_key=side%1:17:01:: | definition=an elevated geological formation | synonyms=slope, incline | examples=he climbed the steep slope; the house was built on the side of a mountain
12. sense_key=side%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) the spin given to a ball by striking it on one side or releasing it with a sharp twist | synonyms=English

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "sides" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses political viewpoints: "the Left and the Right"
- It mentions "Both <t>sides</t> see immigrants as a burden..."
- "Both sides" refers to the two political groups/contesting groups (Left and Right)

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. side%1:15:02:: - a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location. Examples: "they always sat on the right side of the church" - spatial meaning, not applicable.

2. side%1:14:00:: - one of two or more contesting groups. Examples: "the Confederate side was prepared to attack" - This fits! The Left and Right are contesting/opposing groups in politics.

3. side%1:08:00:: - either the left or right half of a body. Physical body part. Not applicable.

4. side%1:15:00:: - a surface forming part of the outside of an object. Physical object. Not applicable.

5. side%1:06:00:: - an extended outer surface of an object. Physical. Not applicable.

6. side%1:09:00:: - an aspect of something. Could potentially fit but less likely than sense 2.

7. side%1:15:01:: - a line segment forming part of the perimeter. Geometric. Not applicable.

8. side%1:14:01:: - a family line of descent. Not applicable.

9. side%1:13:00:: - a lengthwise dressed half of an animal's carcass. Food. Not applicable.

10. side%1:10:00:: - an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute. Synonyms=position. Examples: "there are two sides to every question". This is close, but the context emphasizes "groups" (Left and Right as political groups) rather than just opinions. However, let me reconsider.

Actually, looking carefully at sense 2: "one of two or more contesting groups" - the example is "the Confederate side was prepared to attack". This refers to factions/parties in a conflict.

Sense 10: "an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute" - this is more abstract, about positions in an argument.

In the context: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden..." - "Both sides" refers to the Left and the Right as political groups/factions. They are contesting groups (in politics). Sense 2 seems best because it refers to groups, not just opinions. The Left and Right are groups of people/parties.

Wait, let me double-check the exact wording. The text says "There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject." Then "Both sides see immigrants as a burden..."

So "sides" here refers to the Left and Right as political factions/groups. Sense 2 (one of two or more contesting groups) fits perfectly.

Sense 10 could also work because there are "two sides to every question" and the text mentions viewpoints. But the context specifically sets up "the Left" and "the Right" as actors who "see" immigrants as a burden and who have a "degree of generosity". These are groups, not merely opinions.

Also, in WSD, when referring to political left and right as "sides", sense 2 (contesting groups) is typically the correct sense.

Let me verify the sense indices. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=side%1:15:02::
2. sense_key=side%1:14:00::
3. sense_key=side%1:08:00::
...

So sense_index would be 2 for side%1:14:00::.

Wait, I need to be careful. The user says "Choose the single best indexed sense" and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

The index corresponds to the numbering in the candidate list. So:
- Candidate 1: index 1
- Candidate 2: index 2
- etc.

Candidate 2 is side%1:14:00:: "one of two or more contesting groups".

Yes, this is the best fit.

Let me reconsider if sense 10 could be better. "an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute". The context mentions "viewpoint", "tone", "fear", "see immigrants as a burden". But "Both sides" refers to the Left and Right as collective entities. In WordNet, sense 2 (groups) is specifically for groups like "the Confederate side", while sense 10 is for "there are two sides to every question" (aspects/opinions).

Given that the Left and Right are political groups/factions, and the text discusses their positions as groups, sense 2 is more appropriate.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet mappings:
- side%1:14:00:: = "one of two or more contesting groups" - (group)
- side%1:10:00:: = "an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute" - (communication)

In the sentence "Both sides see immigrants...", "sides" are agents that "see" - this suggests groups of people, not abstract opinions. So sense 2 is definitely better.

Therefore, the answer is {"sense_index": 2}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a <t>burden</t> on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "burden" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses how both Left and Right political sides view immigrants
 - "Both sides see immigrants as a <t>burden</t> on the French economy and on French society."
 - The context suggests that immigrants are viewed as something difficult, onerous, or problematic for the economy and society.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
    - This fits well. Immigrants are seen as an "onerous or difficult concern" for the economy and society.
    - Synonyms like "encumbrance" and "onus" fit the negative connotation.
    - The example "burden of responsibility" shows the metaphorical usage of something difficult to bear.

 2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
    - This seems more physical/literal - actual weight being carried.
    - While "load" can be metaphorical, this sense seems more concrete (physical weight).
    - The context is metaphorical (economic/social burden), not physical weight.

 3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
    - This is about the main theme or message of a text.
    - Doesn't fit at all - immigrants are not the "central meaning" of something here.

 4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse
    - Also about the main theme/idea of a text or speech.
    - Doesn't fit - not talking about the theme of a document.

 So sense 1 is clearly the best fit. The context describes immigrants being viewed as a difficult, onerous concern or responsibility for the economy and society - a metaphorical burden rather than a physical weight.

 The key indicators:
 - "burden on the French economy" - implies a difficult concern or responsibility
 - Negative connotation (viewed negatively by both political sides)
 - Synonyms like "encumbrance" and "onus" capture this meaning well
 - Contrast with "degree of generosity" suggests it's something burdensome/onerous

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Chutes

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economy
Target surface form: economy
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "economy" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses immigration and how both Left and Right political sides view immigrants
 - The specific sentence: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society."
 - The context is about immigrants being a burden on the French economic system - the production, distribution, and consumption system of France.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
    - This refers to the economic system of a country or region. "French economy" would mean the French economic system.
    - This fits perfectly with "burden on the French economy" - meaning burden on the French economic system.

 2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
    - This refers to efficiency, like "economy of scale" or "economy of effort"
    - Doesn't fit here - we're not talking about efficient use of resources in the abstract, but about the national economy.

 3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
    - This refers to being thrifty, saving money
    - Doesn't fit - "burden on the French thriftiness" doesn't make sense in context.

 4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents
    - This refers to a specific instance of saving money or reducing costs
    - Doesn't fit - we're not talking about a specific act of saving, but about the national economic system.

 The context clearly refers to the French economic system - the system of production, distribution, and consumption in France. Immigrants are seen as a burden on this system.

 Therefore, the correct sense is index 1.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices provided:
 - 1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00::
 - 2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01::
 - 3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00::
 - 4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00::

 Yes, sense 1 is the one about the economic system.

 The phrase "French economy" almost always refers to the economic system of France (sense 1), not frugality or efficiency or a specific saving.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: society
Target surface form: society
Context:
But it is only rarely analyzed from the economic viewpoint. There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=society%1:14:00:: | definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
2. sense_key=society%1:14:01:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=club, social club, guild, gild, lodge, order | examples=he joined a golf club; they formed a small lunch society
3. sense_key=society%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=company, companionship, fellowship | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=society%1:14:02:: | definition=the fashionable elite | synonyms=high society, beau monde, smart set, bon ton

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "society" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society.
 - It's talking about the social structure, the nation, the collective body of people in France.
 - The context mentions "national territory", "Left and Right" (political sides), "French economy", and "French society" in parallel.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=society%1:14:00:: | definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
    - This seems to fit "French society" - referring to the entire social structure of France, the nation as a social group with its culture and economy.

 2. sense_key=society%1:14:01:: | definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | synonyms=club, social club, guild, gild, lodge, order
    - This refers to specific organizations like clubs. "French society" in this context doesn't mean a club or formal association. It means the broader social structure.

 3. sense_key=society%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=company, companionship, fellowship
    - This refers to companionship, being in someone's company. The context isn't talking about companionship, but about the social structure/nation.

 4. sense_key=society%1:14:02:: | definition=the fashionable elite | synonyms=high society, beau monde, smart set, bon ton
    - This refers to high society, the elite. The context is talking about immigrants being a burden on French society generally, not just the elite.

 The best fit is sense 1: "an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization" - this matches "French society" as the collective social, cultural, and economic structure of France.

 The context contrasts "French economy" with "French society", suggesting society here means the social structure/organization of the country.

 So the answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: difference
Target surface form: difference
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "difference" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context carefully:

The text discusses political consensus between the Left and the Right in France regarding immigration. It mentions that both sides see immigrants as a burden, but "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

Here, "difference" is being used to describe how the Left and Right differ from each other - specifically, they agree on the basic premise (immigrants are a burden) but differ in how generous they are willing to be.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
   - This is a general sense of dissimilarity or unlikeness between two things.

2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00:: | definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | synonyms=deviation, divergence, departure | examples=the deviation from the mean
   - This is more about deviation from a standard, often used in statistical contexts.

3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00:: | definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | synonyms=dispute, difference of opinion, conflict | examples=he had a dispute with his wife; there were irreconcilable differences
   - This is about disagreements or conflicts between people.

4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00:: | definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing; his support made a real difference
   - This is about change over time or impact/effect.

5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00:: | definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend | synonyms=remainder
   - This is the mathematical sense.

In the context: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity..."

This is comparing the Left and the Right, saying they are similar in most respects but unlike each other in terms of the degree of generosity. This is about the quality of being unlike or dissimilar between two entities (Left vs. Right).

Sense 1 fits best: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar" - this captures the contrast between the two political sides.

Sense 3 (disagreement/conflict) doesn't fit because the text emphasizes consensus and similarity, not argument or conflict. The "difference" here is not a dispute but a distinction in their positions.

Sense 2 (deviation) doesn't fit because there's no mention of a standard or norm from which they deviate.

Sense 4 (significant change) doesn't fit because we're not talking about change over time.

Sense 5 (mathematical) is clearly wrong.

So the answer should be sense index 1.

Wait, let me double-check the sense keys and indices. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=difference%1:07:00::
2. sense_key=difference%1:11:00::
3. sense_key=difference%1:10:00::
4. sense_key=difference%1:24:00::
5. sense_key=difference%1:23:00::

So index 1 corresponds to difference%1:07:00::.

Actually, looking at the context again: "The only difference, the degree of generosity" and later "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity..."

This is clearly talking about how the Left and Right differ from each other - the point of unlikeness or dissimilarity between them.

Yes, sense 1 is correct.

One might argue for sense 3 (disagreement), but the text emphasizes that they largely agree ("lot of consensus", "Both sides see immigrants as a burden"). The "difference" is not a dispute or argument, but a distinction in the amount of generosity. It's about how they are unlike each other in this specific aspect.

So: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "degree" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses political differences between Left and Right in France regarding immigration
- The specific sentence is: "The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
- It's talking about the "degree of generosity" - meaning the extent, level, or amount of generosity shown by different political sides.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
   - This seems relevant. "Degree of generosity" fits with "position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality". Generosity can be seen as a quality that can vary in intensity/amount.

2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
   - This also seems relevant. The example "a remarkable degree of frankness" is very similar to "degree of generosity". This sense seems to focus on a position in a continuum or series.

3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university...
   - Not relevant. No academic context here.

4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles...
   - Not relevant. No geometric context.

5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable...
   - Not relevant. No mathematical/polynomial context.

6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature...
   - Not relevant. No temperature context.

7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime)...
   - Not relevant. Not talking about burns or crimes.

So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

Let me look more carefully at the distinction:

Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" - synonyms: grade, level
Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" - synonyms: level, stage, point

The example for sense 2 includes "a remarkable degree of frankness" which is very similar to our context "degree of generosity".

However, looking at the definitions:
- Sense 1 seems more about measuring intensity/amount/quality on a scale
- Sense 2 seems more about a position in a progression or series (like stages of a process)

In the context "degree of generosity", we're talking about how much generosity (the amount/intensity/level of generosity), not necessarily a specific identifiable position in a process or series.

But wait, the example "a remarkable degree of frankness" is under sense 2. Let me reconsider.

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- degree%1:07:00:: is usually the "extent or measure" sense - like "a high degree of accuracy"
- degree%1:26:01:: is usually the "level or stage" sense - like "first degree murder" or "to a certain degree"

But looking at the examples provided:
- Sense 1 examples: "a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required"
- Sense 2 examples: "a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?"

The phrase "degree of generosity" is most similar to "degree of frankness" which is listed under sense 2.

However, I need to be careful. In WordNet, sense 1 (degree%1:07:00::) is typically the "extent, measure, or scope" sense - "a question of degree", "to a degree".

Sense 2 (degree%1:26:01::) is often about "a specific identifiable position" - like "first degree murder", "third degree burns", or stages.

But the example "a remarkable degree of frankness" under sense 2 suggests that sense 2 covers usages like "degree of [abstract quality]".

Let me think about the specific context: "the degree of generosity". This means the extent or level of generosity. Both senses could potentially fit, but sense 1 (position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality) seems more appropriate for measuring the amount/intensity of an abstract quality like generosity.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet sense distinctions:
- Sense 1 (07:00) is the general "extent, amount, or level" sense
- Sense 2 (26:01) is the "level, stage, or point in a process/series" sense

The phrase "degree of generosity" is asking about the extent or amount of generosity, which aligns with sense 1.

But the example "a remarkable degree of frankness" being under sense 2 is confusing. Let me reconsider if that's accurate to WordNet.

Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0 or similar:
- degree%1:07:00:: usually has the gloss "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" and examples like "a moderate grade of intelligence", "a high level of care"
- degree%1:26:01:: usually has the gloss "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" and examples like "first degree murder", "third degree burn"

Wait, looking at the provided candidate senses again:
- Sense 7 is "the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime)" with examples "murder in the second degree; a second degree burn"

So sense 7 covers the "murder in the second degree" type usages.

Sense 2 has the example "a remarkable degree of frankness" which suggests it's the sense used for "degree of [abstract noun]".

But actually, looking carefully at the provided information:
- Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" - synonyms: grade, level
- Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" - synonyms: level, stage, point

The phrase "degree of generosity" is talking about the extent or amount of generosity. This fits sense 1 better - it's a position on a scale of quality (generosity).

Sense 2 seems more about discrete stages or steps in a process.

However, the example "a remarkable degree of frankness" under sense 2 is very similar to our target phrase. If "degree of frankness" is sense 2, then "degree of generosity" should also be sense 2.

But I should check if the example assignment is correct. In standard WordNet:
- "a high degree of intelligence" would likely be sense 1
- "first degree murder" would be sense 7 (or possibly sense 2, but sense 7 is provided as "seriousness")

Actually, looking at the provided sense 7: "the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime)" - this covers the "first degree", "second degree" for crimes and burns.

So sense 2 must be something else. The example "a remarkable degree of frankness" suggests sense 2 is for expressions like "to a certain degree", "degree of difference", etc.

But sense 1 has examples "a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required" - these are similar to "degree of generosity".

I think sense 1 is the correct choice. The context is about the amount or level of generosity - a position on a scale of quality (generosity).

Sense 2 seems to be about identifiable positions in a series (like stages), which doesn't fit as well with the abstract concept of generosity being measured.

Also, looking at the synonyms:
- Sense 1: grade, level
- Sense 2: level, stage, point

"Grade of generosity" or "level of generosity" both work, but "stage of generosity" or "point of generosity" don't fit as well.

Therefore, sense 1 (degree%1:07:00::) is the best choice.

Wait, I need to be careful. The user wants the "sense_index" which corresponds to the numbered list. So if I choose sense 1, I return {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check by looking at the context again: "the degree of generosity"

This is clearly about the extent, amount, or level of generosity. This is sense 1.

Sense 2 would be more like "to what degree" meaning "to what extent", but actually that's similar.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
- Sense 1 (noun.artifact? no, noun.attribute?): "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality"
- Sense 2 (noun.state?): "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process"

The key difference is that sense 2 emphasizes "identifiable position" and "continuum or series or process", while sense 1 emphasizes "scale of intensity or amount or quality".

Generosity is a quality that can vary in intensity. So sense 1 fits perfectly.

Also, the first sense in WordNet is usually the most common, general sense.

I think the answer is sense 1.

But let me reconsider sense 2 because of the example "a remarkable degree of frankness". If that's the example given for sense 2 in this specific dataset, then "degree of generosity" would pattern with "degree of frankness" and thus be sense 2.

However, looking at the synonyms for sense 2: level, stage, point. "Stage of generosity" doesn't make sense. "Point of generosity" doesn't make sense. "Level of generosity" makes sense.

For sense 1: grade, level. "Grade of generosity" is a bit odd but possible. "Level of generosity" works well.

Given that "level" is a synonym for both, I need to look at the other synonyms. "Grade" (sense 1) vs "stage, point" (sense 2).

"Grade of generosity" is less common than "level of generosity", but "stage of generosity" is definitely wrong.

Also, sense 1 mentions "quality" in the definition, and generosity is a quality.

Therefore, I choose sense 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generosity
Target surface form: generosity
Context:
There is a lot of consensus between the Left and the Right on this subject. On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of <t>generosity</t>, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "generosity" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses political views on immigration in France
 - It mentions that both Left and Right see immigrants as a burden
 - The only difference is "the degree of generosity" which one "deigns to grant to immigrants"
 - This refers to how willing/open each side is to accommodate/help immigrants

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time | synonyms=generousness
    - This is a noun denoting a trait/attribute (1:07 indicates noun.attribute in WordNet)
    - It's about the quality of being generous

 2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: | definition=acting generously | synonyms=unselfishness
    - This is a noun denoting an act/action (1:04 indicates noun.act in WordNet)
    - It's about the action of being generous

 In the context: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

 Here, "generosity" refers to the willingness to help/accommodate immigrants - it's talking about the degree of willingness (the trait/quality) rather than specific acts of generosity. The phrase "degree of generosity" suggests measuring the quality/attribute of being generous, not specific actions.

 Also, looking at the pattern "degree of X", this typically modifies attributes/qualities (traits), not actions. You can have a "degree of generosity" (meaning how generous someone is), but "acting generously" is more about specific instances of behavior.

 The context is comparing the Left and Right in terms of how generous (willing to accommodate) they are toward immigrants - this is about their disposition/attitude (trait), not specific actions.

 Therefore, sense 1 (the trait) seems more appropriate than sense 2 (the act).

 Wait, let me double-check WordNet sense keys:
 - %1:07:00:: is noun.attribute (trait/quality)
 - %1:04:00:: is noun.act (action)

 In the sentence: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."

 This is about the willingness to grant something to immigrants - it's about the disposition or attitude (trait), not about specific generous acts. The "degree" suggests a measurable quality/attribute.

 Also, looking at the synonyms:
 - Sense 1: generousness (a quality)
 - Sense 2: unselfishness (could be quality or act, but in noun.act it's the act)

 Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet:
 - Generosity as a trait (1:07:00): "the trait of being willing to give your money or time"
 - Generosity as an act (1:04:00): "acting generously"

 In this context, it's about the degree to which each side is willing to be generous toward immigrants - this is clearly referring to the trait/quality of generosity, not specific instances of generous actions.

 The answer should be sense 1.

 But wait, I need to be careful. The instruction says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}" - but the senses are indexed 1 and 2 in the candidate list. So I should return {"sense_index": 1} or {"sense_index": 2}.

 Looking at the candidates:
 1. sense_key=generosity%1:07:00:: ...
 2. sense_key=generosity%1:04:00:: ...

 So if I choose sense 1, I return {"sense_index": 1}
 If I choose sense 2, I return {"sense_index": 2}

 I believe the correct answer is sense 1 (the trait), because:
 1. "Degree of generosity" measures the extent of the quality/trait
 2. The context is about the disposition/willingness to grant help to immigrants, not about specific acts
 3. The contrast is between political positions (Left vs Right) in terms of their general attitude, not specific actions

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "program" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about French politics, specifically François Hollande's political stance on immigration.
 - The sentence says: "In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."
 - François Hollande is a French politician (former President).
 - The context is about a political document or platform where he outlines his policies/stance on immigration.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: - a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished (general plan)
 2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: - a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need (public works, social services)
 3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: - a radio or television show
 4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: - a document stating the aims and principles of a political party (platform, political platform, political program)
 5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: - an announcement of events for a theatrical or sporting event
 6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: - an integrated course of academic studies
 7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: - computer science sequence of instructions
 8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: - a performance at a public presentation

 The context clearly involves a political context:
 - François Hollande is a politician
 - It mentions "his program" in the context of an election (implied by "electoral asset" later in the text)
 - It discusses immigration policy and political platforms
 - The synonyms for sense 4 include "platform", "political platform", "political program"
 - The example for sense 4: "their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program"

 This matches perfectly with sense 4: "a document stating the aims and principles of a political party" (political platform/program).

 While sense 1 (a series of steps/goals) could potentially fit in a loose sense, the specific political context with a named politician (François Hollande) and the mention of it being an "electoral asset" strongly points to the political platform meaning.

 Sense 2 (public services/projects) is about social programs/services, not a politician's policy document.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 4 (index 4 in the list provided).

 Wait, let me check the indexing. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=program%1:09:00::
 2. sense_key=program%1:09:01::
 3. sense_key=program%1:10:01::
 4. sense_key=program%1:10:04::
 5. sense_key=program%1:10:00::
 6. sense_key=program%1:10:05::
 7. sense_key=program%1:10:02::
 8. sense_key=program%1:04:00::

 So sense 4 in the list corresponds to sense_key=program%1:10:04::.

 The user asks for the "sense_index" which appears to be the number in the list (1-indexed).

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
On the Right, the tone was set by Jacques Chirac, who declared in 1976 that "900,000 unemployed would not become a problem in a country with 2 million of foreign workers," and on the Left by Michel Rocard explaining in 1990 that France "can not accommodate all the world's misery." The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "problem" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses immigration in France
 - It mentions "immigration <t>problem</t>"
 - The surrounding context talks about immigrants being seen as a burden, a source of difficulty for the economy and society
 - It mentions "this notion of immigration being a burden and a problem"
 - The phrase "immigration problem" refers to immigration as something causing difficulty or trouble

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
    - This refers to a state/condition of difficulty (like marital problems)
    - The examples suggest ongoing states or situations

 2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
    - This is the "math problem" or "puzzle" sense - something to be solved as an intellectual exercise
    - Doesn't fit here because immigration isn't being treated as a homework exercise or puzzle

 3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
    - This refers to something that causes difficulty or trouble
    - The synonym "trouble" fits well with the context of immigration being described as a "burden" and causing economic costs
    - The phrase "what's the problem?" suggests identifying the source of difficulty

 In the context:
 - "immigration problem" means immigration is viewed as a source of difficulty/trouble for France
 - It's described as a "burden"
 - It's contrasted with "generosity"
 - The text says it's "economically very costly"
 - This aligns with sense 3: "a source of difficulty" (synonym: trouble)

 Sense 1 could be tempting because it mentions "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved", but the specific context emphasizes immigration AS the problem/source of trouble, not just the state of having a problem. The text says "immigrants as a burden" and "immigration being a burden and a problem" - this frames immigration as the source/cause of difficulty (sense 3), not merely a state of difficulty (sense 1).

 Also, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1 examples: "having problems" (state), "it is always a job" (difficult task)
 - Sense 3 examples: "one trouble after another" (source of difficulty), "what's the problem?" (what's causing the difficulty)

 The phrase "immigration problem" where immigration is the problem (the source of trouble) maps best to sense 3.

 Wait, let me reconsider sense 1 vs sense 3 carefully.

 Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - this could apply to "the immigration problem" meaning the problematic situation regarding immigration.

 Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" - this would mean immigration itself is the thing causing difficulty.

 In the text: "our immigration problem" - this could be interpreted either way, but the surrounding context emphasizes that immigrants are seen as "a burden" and "a source of difficulty" (sense 3). The text says "Both sides see immigrants as a burden... This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem..."

 When something is described as a "burden", it aligns with "source of difficulty/trouble" (sense 3) rather than just "state of difficulty" (sense 1).

 Also, in common usage, when we say "X is a problem" where X is a social issue (like immigration, drugs, crime), we often mean X is a source of trouble/difficulty (sense 3).

 However, "the immigration problem" could also be interpreted as "the problematic situation concerning immigration" (sense 1).

 Let me look at the WordNet definitions more carefully. In WordNet:
 - Sense 1 (problem%1:26:00::) is under noun.state - "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
 - Sense 3 (problem%1:09:00::) is under noun.cognition - "a source of difficulty"

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet mappings:
 - problem%1:26:00:: usually refers to situations like "marital problems" or "health problems" - states/conditions
 - problem%1:09:00:: refers to things that cause trouble, like "the car is a problem" or "money is no problem"

 In the phrase "immigration problem", immigration is being characterized as the trouble source itself, not just the state of there being a difficulty.

 The text explicitly links "problem" with "burden" and "trouble" (synonym in sense 3), and contrasts it with "generosity". This strongly suggests sense 3.

 Also, the example for sense 3 "what's the problem?" fits the confrontational tone about identifying the source of societal difficulty.

 I should choose sense 3.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00::
 2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00::
 3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00::

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 3}

 Let me double-check by looking at actual WordNet if possible mentally:
 - problem%1:26:00:: is indeed the "state of difficulty" sense (like "he has problems")
 - problem%1:09:00:: is the "source of difficulty" sense (like "money is no problem" or "what's the problem?")

 In the context: "our immigration problem to be solved" - this treats immigration as the issue/source that needs solving/fixing.

 Actually, looking at the phrase "allow our immigration problem to be solved" - this could suggest the "state of difficulty" interpretation (the problematic situation gets resolved).

 But the text explicitly says: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem" - parallel structure with "burden" strongly suggests sense 3 (source of difficulty).

 Also, if it were sense 1, it would emphasize the state of difficulty, but the text emphasizes immigrants as agents causing the burden.

 I think sense 3 is correct.

 Final check: The user instructions say "Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense."

 I'm confident it's sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: notion
Target surface form: notion
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories; he had a whimsy about flying to the moon
4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "notion" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses immigration being viewed as a burden and a problem
 - The specific sentence: "This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."
 - The context suggests that "notion" here refers to the concept or idea that immigration is a burden/problem

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, belief, opinion
    - This suggests a vague, somewhat uncertain idea or belief
    - Examples: "his impression of her was favorable", "what are your feelings about the crisis?"

 2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00:: | definition=a general inclusive concept
    - This is a more general, abstract concept
    - No specific examples given, but implies a broad conceptual understanding

 3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01:: | definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | synonyms=whim, whimsy, whimsey
    - This suggests something quirky, odd, or fanciful
    - Examples involve theatrical disguise and flying to the moon

 4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00:: | definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items
    - This is clearly wrong - refers to sewing notions (buttons, needles)
    - The context is clearly abstract/ideational, not physical objects

 Now, between senses 1, 2, and 3:

 The context refers to "the notion of immigration being a burden and a problem" - this is referring to a concept or idea that people hold. It's not necessarily vague (sense 1), nor is it whimsical or odd (sense 3). It's a general concept or belief that immigration is problematic.

 However, looking closely at the context, the author is criticizing this view: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly." The author is referring to the idea/belief that immigration is a burden.

 Sense 1 (vague idea/belief/opinion) seems to fit well because:
 - It refers to a belief or opinion held by people (that immigration is a burden)
 - The synonyms include "belief" and "opinion"
 - The context suggests this is a view held by politicians and the public

 Sense 2 (general inclusive concept) is more abstract and theoretical. While "concept" could work, the context emphasizes that this is a belief/opinion that people hold ("Both sides see immigrants as a burden"), suggesting it's more of a subjective belief than an objective general concept.

 Sense 3 is definitely wrong because there's nothing whimsical or fanciful about viewing immigration as a burden - it's a serious political position, even if the author disagrees with it.

 Sense 4 is clearly wrong.

 So it's between 1 and 2.

 Looking at the examples for sense 1: "his impression of her was favorable", "what are your feelings about the crisis?" - these suggest subjective views/beliefs.

 The context talks about how "Both sides see immigrants as a burden" and refers to "this notion of immigration being a burden" - this aligns with sense 1 as a belief or opinion that people hold.

 However, sense 2 "a general inclusive concept" could also fit, as "the notion of X" often means "the concept of X".

 But looking at the specific usage: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem" - the author is referring to a specific belief/idea that is held by people. The word "notion" here carries a slight connotation of it being a subjective view rather than an objective fact (which the author then contradicts with economic evidence).

 Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet definitions:
 - Sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" - this often implies a personal, perhaps not fully formed idea
 - Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept" - this is more like a theoretical concept

 In the context, "notion" is used to refer to the idea/belief that immigration is a burden. This is a specific belief held by people. The author is challenging this notion/belief.

 I think sense 1 is the best fit because:
 1. It refers to an idea/belief with some confidence placed in it (people believe immigration is a burden)
 2. The context contrasts this belief with economic facts ("there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact...")
 3. The synonyms (impression, feeling, belief, opinion) fit the context of political views on immigration

 Wait, let me reconsider sense 2. "A general inclusive concept" - is the author referring to the general concept of immigration being a burden?

 Actually, looking at typical usage patterns:
 - "The notion that X" usually aligns with sense 1 (a belief/idea)
 - "A notion of X" could be either

 In this case: "This notion of immigration being a burden..."

 But looking at the broader context, the author is talking about a belief system or viewpoint. The text mentions "the fear of invasion", "Both sides see immigrants as a burden", and then refers to "This notion of immigration being a burden". This is clearly referring to the belief/view that immigration is burdensome.

 Therefore, sense 1 (vague idea/belief/opinion) seems most appropriate.

 However, I should check if there's any indication that sense 2 might be better. Sense 2 is often used in philosophical or academic contexts to refer to abstract concepts. But here, the context is political and economic, referring to a popular belief that the author disputes.

 Also, the phrase "may be an electoral asset" suggests this is a political opinion/belief that resonates with voters, which aligns with sense 1 (belief, opinion).

 So my choice is sense 1.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=notion%1:09:02::
 2. sense_key=notion%1:09:00::
 3. sense_key=notion%1:09:01::
 4. sense_key=notion%1:06:00::

 So:
 - Index 1 = notion%1:09:02:: (vague idea/belief)
 - Index 2 = notion%1:09:00:: (general inclusive concept)
 - Index 3 = notion%1:09:01:: (odd/fanciful idea)
 - Index 4 = notion%1:06:00:: (sewing items)

 I choose index 1.

 Let me double-check by looking at the actual WordNet entries to make sure I'm interpreting correctly.

 notion%1:09:02:: - This is the "impression, feeling, belief, opinion" sense. Example: "his impression of her was favorable"
 notion%1:09:00:: - This is the "concept" sense. No example given in the prompt.
 notion%1:09:01:: - This is the "whim, whimsy" sense. Example: "the theatrical notion of disguise..."

 In the context, the author is saying that the belief/notion that immigration is a burden is economically costly. This is definitely referring to a belief or opinion (sense 1), not a whimsical idea (sense 3), not sewing items (sense 4), and not a general abstract concept (sense 2) in the philosophical sense.

 The word "notion" here is synonymous with "idea" or "belief" or "view" - specifically the view that immigration is problematic. This matches sense 1.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "burden" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses how both Left and Right in France see immigrants as a "burden" on the French economy and society
- The sentence says: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society"
- Later it mentions "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem"
- The context suggests that immigrants are viewed as something heavy, difficult, or troublesome for the economy and society to bear

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
   - This fits well. "Onerous or difficult concern" matches viewing immigrants as a problem/cost for the economy. The example "burden of responsibility" is metaphorical, similar to how immigrants are described here as an economic burden.

2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
   - This is more physical/literal - actual weight. The context is metaphorical (economic/social burden), not physical weight. So this is less likely.

3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
   - This is about the main idea of a text. Not relevant here.

4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse
   - Also about the main theme/idea of a discourse. Not relevant.

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit. The context uses "burden" metaphorically to mean something troublesome or costly that the economy and society have to deal with - an "onerous or difficult concern." The synonyms like "onus" and "encumbrance" fit the negative connotation in the text about immigrants being seen as a drain/problem.

The other senses are either too literal (physical weight) or about literary themes (main idea of a text).

So the answer should be sense_index 1.

Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01::
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01::
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00::
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00::

So index 1 is the first one in the list (burden%1:09:01::).

Actually, looking carefully at the WordNet sense keys:
- burden%1:09:01:: is "an onerous or difficult concern"
- burden%1:09:00:: is "the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse"

So yes, index 1 (the first one) is correct.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
The only difference, the degree of generosity In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "problem" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses immigration being viewed as a "burden" and a "problem"
- The phrase is: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>"
- It's talking about immigration as something negative, a source of difficulty/trouble
- Earlier: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society"
- Later: "our immigration problem to be solved"

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
- This refers to a state of difficulty. "Having problems" - could fit but let's check others.

2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
- This is like a math problem or puzzle. Doesn't fit here. Immigration isn't a homework question.

3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
- "a source of difficulty" - immigration is being described as a burden and a source of difficulty/trouble. The synonym "trouble" fits well. The example "what's the problem?" is similar to asking what the trouble is.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 1 vs sense 3.

Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - this could be "the immigration problem" as a state/condition.
Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" - this focuses on the thing/person causing the difficulty.

In the phrase "immigration being a burden and a problem", immigration itself is the problem. It's the source of difficulty. The text says immigrants are seen as a burden. So immigration = problem = source of difficulty.

Also look at "our immigration problem to be solved" - here immigration is the problem (source), not just the state.

But wait, in "our immigration problem", is immigration the problem itself or the modifier? Actually, "immigration problem" means the problem related to immigration, or immigration viewed as a problem.

Let me look at the examples more carefully:

Sense 1 examples: "she and her husband are having problems" - this is about experiencing a state of difficulty.
Sense 3 examples: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?" - here "problem" is like "trouble", a source of difficulty. "What's the problem?" means what's causing the difficulty.

In the context: "immigration being a burden and a problem" - parallel structure. A burden is something heavy, something that weighs you down. A problem here is something that causes difficulty. This aligns with sense 3 (source of difficulty).

Also: "our immigration problem to be solved" - if immigration is the problem, then it's the source of difficulty.

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- problem%1:26:00:: is under noun.state (a state of difficulty)
- problem%1:09:00:: is under noun.cognition? Wait, let me check. Actually 1:09 usually refers to noun.cognition or noun.communication? No, in WordNet:
  - 1:26 is noun.state
  - 1:10 is noun.communication
  - 1:09 is noun.cognition? Actually:
    - 1:03 noun.animal
    - 1:05 noun.artifact
    - 1:07 noun.food
    - 1:09 noun.cognition? No, let me recall WordNet lexicographer file numbers:
    - noun.cognition is usually 1:09? Actually:
      - 00 noun.person
      - 01 noun.location? No, the second number is different.

Actually, looking at the sense keys:
- problem%1:26:00:: -> 26 is noun.state
- problem%1:10:00:: -> 10 is noun.communication
- problem%1:09:00:: -> 09 is... let me think. Actually in WordNet 3.0:
  - 00 = adj.all
  - 01 = noun.Tops
  - 02 = noun.act
  - 03 = noun.animal
  - 04 = noun.artifact
  - 05 = noun.attribute
  - 06 = noun.body
  - 07 = noun.cognition
  - 08 = noun.communication
  - 09 = noun.event? No...

Wait, I should be careful. The lexicographer file numbers in WordNet 3.0:
- noun.state is 26? Let me verify.
Actually, looking at standard WordNet 3.0 lexicographer file numbers:
- 00 adj.all
- 01 adj.pert
- 02 adv.all
- 03 noun.Tops
- 04 noun.act
- 05 noun.animal
- 06 noun.artifact
- 07 noun.attribute
- 08 noun.body
- 09 noun.cognition
- 10 noun.communication
- 11 noun.feeling
- 12 noun.food
- 13 noun.group
- 14 noun.location
- 15 noun.motive
- 16 noun.object
- 17 noun.person
- 18 noun.phenomenon
- 19 noun.plant
- 20 noun.possession
- 21 noun.process
- 22 noun.quantity
- 23 noun.relation
- 24 noun.shape
- 25 noun.state
- 26 noun.substance
- 27 noun.time
- 28 verb.body
- etc.

Wait, if 25 is noun.state, then 26 would be noun.substance. But the sense key says problem%1:26:00::. Hmm.

Actually, let me reconsider. Maybe the numbers are:
- 26 = noun.state? Or is it different?

Actually, checking standard WordNet lexicographer file numbers:
- noun.state is indeed file 25? No, I think:
  - noun.cognition = 09
  - noun.communication = 10
  - noun.state = 25? Or 26?

Wait, looking at the sense keys given:
1. problem%1:26:00:: -> definition: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved. This sounds like noun.state.
2. problem%1:10:00:: -> definition: a question raised... This sounds like noun.communication.
3. problem%1:09:00:: -> definition: a source of difficulty. This might be noun.cognition? Or noun.state?

Actually, "source of difficulty" with synonym "trouble" - "trouble" in WordNet has senses that are noun.state and noun.event. But "problem" as "a source of difficulty" might be noun.cognition? No, that doesn't fit.

Let me not get bogged down in the lexicographer file numbers. The definitions are what matter.

Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - This is about the situation being problematic. "Having problems" - marital problems, etc.
Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" - This is about the thing/person/event that causes the difficulty. "He is a problem", "This is a problem".

In the context: "immigration being a burden and a problem". Immigration is being characterized as a problem. It's the thing itself that is the source of difficulty. The text says immigrants are seen as a burden. So immigration = problem = source of difficulty.

Also consider: "what's the problem?" - this is asking what is the source of difficulty. In the text, immigration is identified as the problem (source).

If it were sense 1, it would be more like "immigration creates a state of difficulty" or "we have an immigration problem" meaning we are in a state of difficulty. But here, immigration itself IS the problem.

Wait, actually "our immigration problem" is ambiguous. It could mean:
- The problem of immigration (immigration is the source)
- The problematic state regarding immigration

But the specific phrase in question is: "This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>". Here, immigration is being equated with a problem. It's not "the problem of immigration" in the sense of a question to be solved (sense 2), nor is it a state of difficulty (sense 1). It's immigration itself as a source of difficulty.

Also, the earlier phrase: "our immigration problem to be solved" - Hollande says co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved. If "problem" here meant "question" (sense 2), it would be a math-like question. If it meant "state of difficulty" (sense 1), it could work. But "source of difficulty" (sense 3) also works.

However, looking at the exact target: the tag is on "problem" in the phrase "being a burden and a problem". The parallel with "burden" strongly suggests sense 3. A burden is something that weighs on you. A problem (as source of difficulty/trouble) parallels that nicely.

Let me check if there's any reason to prefer sense 1. "A state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - immigration could be seen as a state of difficulty. But the example for sense 1 is "she and her husband are having problems" - this is plural, referring to ongoing difficulties in a relationship. The singular "a problem" in the sense of "a state" is less common. Usually, if something "is a problem", it is a source of difficulty (sense 3).

For example:
- "The car is a problem" = the car causes difficulty (sense 3)
- "We have a problem" = we are in a state of difficulty (sense 1? or sense 3?)

Actually, "We have a problem" could be either, but "What's the problem?" clearly maps to sense 3 (source of difficulty).

In the given context, the economists are arguing against the notion that immigration is a burden and a problem (source of trouble). This aligns with sense 3.

Therefore, the best sense is 3.

Wait, I need to be absolutely sure. Let me look at the exact wording again:

"This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset..."

If I substitute the synonyms:
- Sense 1 synonym "job": "immigration being a burden and a job" - doesn't fit well.
- Sense 3 synonym "trouble": "immigration being a burden and a trouble" - fits perfectly.

Also, the definition "a source of difficulty" matches: immigration is viewed as a source of difficulty for the French economy and society.

Yes, sense 3 is clearly the best fit.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: book
Target surface form: book
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=book%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
2. sense_key=book%1:06:00:: | definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
3. sense_key=book%1:10:02:: | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
4. sense_key=book%1:10:01:: | definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance | synonyms=script, playscript
5. sense_key=book%1:21:00:: | definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | synonyms=ledger, leger, account book, book of account | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
6. sense_key=book%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
7. sense_key=book%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | synonyms=rule book | examples=they run things by the book around here
8. sense_key=book%1:10:05:: | definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | synonyms=Koran, Quran, al-Qur'an
9. sense_key=book%1:10:04:: | definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ, Scripture | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen
10. sense_key=book%1:10:03:: | definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
11. sense_key=book%1:06:02:: | definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "book" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence mentions: "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.)..."
 - This refers to a published written work/composition about immigration economics.
 - It has a title: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future"
 - It mentions publisher (Princeton University Press) and page count (352 pp.)
 - It's described as summarizing knowledge on immigration.

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. sense_key=book%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
   - This fits perfectly. It's a published written work on economics/immigration.

 2. sense_key=book%1:06:00:: | definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | synonyms=volume | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
   - This refers to the physical object. While the text does refer to a physical object (published by Princeton University Press), the focus is on the content (summarizing knowledge), not the physical aspect. However, sense 1 covers the published work aspect better.

 3. sense_key=book%1:10:02:: | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record, record book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
   - This is like a "record book" for sports or facts. Not appropriate here.

 4. sense_key=book%1:10:01:: | definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance | synonyms=script, playscript
   - This is a script/book for a play. Not relevant.

 5. sense_key=book%1:21:00:: | definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | synonyms=ledger, leger, account book, book of account | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
   - This is accounting books. Not relevant.

 6. sense_key=book%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
   - Not relevant.

 7. sense_key=book%1:14:00:: | definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | synonyms=rule book | examples=they run things by the book around here
   - Rule book. Not relevant.

 8. sense_key=book%1:10:05:: | definition=the sacred writings of Islam (Koran)
   - Not relevant.

 9. sense_key=book%1:10:04:: | definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions (Bible)
   - Not relevant.

 10. sense_key=book%1:10:03:: | definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
   - This is like a book of the Bible. Not relevant here.

 11. sense_key=book%1:06:02:: | definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps
   - This is a booklet of stamps/tickets. Not relevant.

 The best fit is sense 1: "a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)". The example even mentions "book on economics" which is very close to the context (economists writing about immigration economics).

 The answer should be JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: immigration
Target surface form: immigration
Context:
In 2005, the fear of invasion of the national territory by hordes of Polish plumbers was felt both on the Left and on the Right. Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society. The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants. In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved." This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly. As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants. Restraining immigration leads to anaemic growth and harms employment.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=immigration%1:04:00:: | definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
2. sense_key=immigration%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "immigration" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses "immigration" as a phenomenon/concept related to people moving to France (Polish plumbers, immigrants as a burden, migration flows, etc.)
 - It mentions "our immigration problem"
 - It refers to "the most recent knowledge of immigration" (referring to the book about migration)
 - It discusses "positive impact of migration flows" and "Restraining immigration"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=immigration%1:04:00:: | definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there) | synonyms=in-migration
    - This refers to the act or process of migrating into a place (the phenomenon itself)
    - Synonym: in-migration

 2. sense_key=immigration%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony
    - This refers to the group/collective body of immigrants (the people themselves as a group)
    - Example suggests it's about the actual people ("strengthened the colony")

 In the context:
 - "summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration" - this refers to knowledge about the phenomenon/process of migration, not the specific group of people
 - "positive impact of migration flows" - parallel to immigration as a flow/process
 - "Restraining immigration" - you restrain a process/phenomenon, not a body of people (though you could restrain a body of people, the context here is about the flow/movement)
 - "our immigration problem" - refers to the issue of people coming in (the process), not the specific group of people themselves

 The text is discussing immigration as a socio-economic phenomenon/process, not referring to a specific group of immigrants as a collective noun.

 Sense 1 (immigration%1:04:00::) is the act or process of migrating.
 Sense 2 (immigration%1:14:00::) is the group of immigrants.

 The context clearly treats immigration as a process/phenomenon (migration into a place), not as a collective noun for the people themselves. Phrases like "knowledge of immigration", "migration flows", "Restraining immigration" all point to the process meaning.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1 (index 1).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=immigration%1:04:00::
 2. sense_key=immigration%1:14:00::

 So sense_index should be 1.

 Let me double-check:
 - "migration into a place" - matches the context discussing migration flows, restraining immigration, etc.
 - "the body of immigrants" - would mean "the immigration" as in "the immigration arrived yesterday" - this is not how it's used in the text. The text uses it as an abstract concept/process.

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.

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