[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: kill
Target surface form: killing
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively <t>killing</t> almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=kill%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly | examples=This man killed several people when he tried to rob a bank; The farmer killed a pig for the holidays
2. sense_key=kill%2:41:01:: | definition=thwart the passage of | synonyms=shoot down, defeat, vote down, vote out | examples=kill a motion; he shot down the student's proposal
3. sense_key=kill%2:30:08:: | definition=end or extinguish by forceful means | synonyms=stamp out | examples=Stamp out poverty!
4. sense_key=kill%2:42:00:: | definition=be fatal | examples=cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills
5. sense_key=kill%2:39:00:: | definition=be the source of great pain for | examples=These new shoes are killing me!
6. sense_key=kill%2:37:00:: | definition=overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration | examples=The comedian was so funny, he was killing me!
7. sense_key=kill%2:35:06:: | definition=hit with so much force as to make a return impossible, in racket games | examples=She killed the ball
8. sense_key=kill%2:35:05:: | definition=hit with great force | examples=He killed the ball
9. sense_key=kill%2:35:02:: | definition=deprive of life | examples=AIDS has killed thousands in Africa
10. sense_key=kill%2:35:01:: | definition=cause the death of, without intention | examples=She was killed in the collision of three cars
11. sense_key=kill%2:34:00:: | definition=drink down entirely | synonyms=toss off, pop, bolt down, belt down, pour down, down | examples=He downed three martinis before dinner; She killed a bottle of brandy that night
12. sense_key=kill%2:30:00:: | definition=mark for deletion, rub off, or erase | synonyms=obliterate, wipe out | examples=kill these lines in the President's speech
13. sense_key=kill%2:30:04:: | definition=tire out completely | examples=The daily stress of her work is killing her
14. sense_key=kill%2:30:03:: | definition=cause to cease operating | examples=kill the engine
15. sense_key=kill%2:30:02:: | definition=destroy a vitally essential quality of or in | examples=Eating artichokes kills the taste of all other foods

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "killing" in the given context. The target lemma is "kill" and the surface form is "killing".

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about cancer research
- It mentions colon, lung and breast cancers
- These cancers are described as "the most common and lethal forms of the disease"
- They are "collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year"

So "killing" here refers to causing death. The subject is diseases (cancers), not humans intentionally causing death. The cancers are causing death to Americans.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. kill%2:35:00:: - cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly. Examples involve intentional killing (robbery, farmer killing pig). This implies intentionality which doesn't fit diseases causing death.

2. kill%2:41:01:: - thwart the passage of (kill a motion). Not relevant.

3. kill%2:30:08:: - end or extinguish by forceful means (stamp out poverty). Not relevant.

4. kill%2:42:00:: - be fatal. Examples: "cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills". This is about something being the cause of death. The subject is the thing causing death (cigarettes, drunken driving). In our context, cancers are killing people. This seems like a strong candidate.

5. kill%2:39:00:: - be the source of great pain. Not relevant (no pain mentioned).

6. kill%2:37:00:: - overwhelm with hilarity. Not relevant.

7. kill%2:35:06:: - hit with force in racket games. Not relevant.

8. kill%2:35:05:: - hit with great force. Not relevant.

9. kill%2:35:02:: - deprive of life. Example: "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa". This is similar to sense 4. Let me compare.

10. kill%2:35:01:: - cause the death of, without intention. Example: "She was killed in the collision". This is about causing death without intention.

11. kill%2:34:00:: - drink down entirely. Not relevant.

12. kill%2:30:00:: - mark for deletion. Not relevant.

13. kill%2:30:04:: - tire out completely. Not relevant.

14. kill%2:30:03:: - cause to cease operating. Not relevant.

15. kill%2:30:02:: - destroy a vitally essential quality. Not relevant.

Now between sense 4, 9, and 10:

Sense 4 (kill%2:42:00::): "be fatal" - The definition says "be fatal" and examples are "cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills". This is an intransitive usage where the subject causes death.

Sense 9 (kill%2:35:02::): "deprive of life" - Example: "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa". This is transitive.

Sense 10 (kill%2:35:01::): "cause the death of, without intention" - This is about unintentional killing.

In the context: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

Here "killing" is used transitively with an object "almost 200,000 Americans". The subject is the cancers.

Sense 9: "deprive of life" - "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa" - matches the pattern where a disease kills people.

Sense 4: "be fatal" - This is more intransitive or used as "X kills" meaning X is fatal/causes death generally. But in our context, it's specifically "killing almost 200,000 Americans" (transitive with specific number).

Sense 10: "cause the death of, without intention" - While cancers don't have intention, this sense seems to focus on accidents (car collisions), whereas sense 9 is more general "deprive of life" which fits diseases.

Wait, let me look more carefully at the WordNet distinctions.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet for kill:

Sense 1 (2:35:00): cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly
Sense 2 (2:35:01): cause the death of, without intention
Sense 3 (2:35:02): deprive of life
Sense 4 (2:42:00): be fatal
...

The key difference between sense 1 and sense 2 is intentionality. Sense 3 "deprive of life" is often used for agents like diseases, disasters, etc.

But looking at sense 4 "be fatal" - the examples "cigarettes kill" and "drunken driving kills" show the subject causing death. This could fit "cancers kill".

However, the specific construction "killing almost 200,000 Americans" with a direct object suggests a transitive verb.

Sense 9 (deprive of life): "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa" - this matches perfectly: Disease + kill + number + people.

Sense 4 (be fatal): "cigarettes kill" - this is more general, not typically used with a direct object count like "killing 200,000 Americans" in the progressive tense? Actually, "cigarettes kill thousands" would work too.

But in WordNet, sense 4 is specifically "be fatal" which might be classified differently from the transitive "deprive of life".

Let me reconsider the sense indices provided:

1. sense_key=kill%2:35:00:: (intentional)
2. sense_key=kill%2:41:01:: (thwart)
3. sense_key=kill%2:30:08:: (stamp out)
4. sense_key=kill%2:42:00:: (be fatal)
5. sense_key=kill%2:39:00:: (pain)
6. sense_key=kill%2:37:00:: (hilarity)
7. sense_key=kill%2:35:06:: (racket games)
8. sense_key=kill%2:35:05:: (hit with force)
9. sense_key=kill%2:35:02:: (deprive of life)
10. sense_key=kill%2:35:01:: (without intention)
11. sense_key=kill%2:34:00:: (drink)
12. sense_key=kill%2:30:00:: (delete)
13. sense_key=kill%2:30:04:: (tire out)
14. sense_key=kill%2:30:03:: (engine)
15. sense_key=kill%2:30:02:: (taste)

The indices in the list are 1-15.

Sense 9 is "deprive of life" with example "AIDS has killed thousands in Africa".
Sense 4 is "be fatal" with examples "cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills".

The context is about diseases (cancers) causing death. The example for sense 9 uses AIDS (a disease). The example for sense 4 uses cigarettes and drunken driving (behaviors/substances).

Also, sense 9 is "deprive of life" which is a general term for causing death, while sense 4 "be fatal" emphasizes the property of being deadly.

In the sentence: "collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year" - this is a transitive use with a direct object.

Sense 4 "be fatal" is typically intransitive or used with implicit object? Actually "cigarettes kill" can be transitive (kill people) or intransitive (cause death generally). But the gloss "be fatal" suggests an intransitive or stative meaning.

Sense 9 "deprive of life" is clearly transitive.

Given the direct object "almost 200,000 Americans", sense 9 seems more appropriate.

But wait, sense 10 is "cause the death of, without intention". Cancers don't have intention, so this could also fit. However, sense 10 examples mention car collisions (accidents), while sense 9 mentions AIDS (disease). The pattern of disease killing people matches sense 9 better.

Also, sense 1 is "usually intentionally or knowingly" - cancers don't have intention, so this is out.

Therefore, the best choice is sense 9 (index 9 in the list): kill%2:35:02:: "deprive of life" with the AIDS example.

Wait, I need to check if there's any distinction between sense 9 and sense 4 that I'm missing.

Looking at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
- kill.v.01: cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly
- kill.v.02: cause the death of, without intention
- kill.v.03: end or extinguish by forceful means
- kill.v.04: be fatal (cigarettes kill; drunken driving kills)
- kill.v.05: be the source of great pain for
- kill.v.06: overwhelm with hilarity, pleasure, or admiration
- kill.v.07: hit with so much force as to make a return impossible, in racket games
- kill.v.08: hit with great force
- kill.v.09: deprive of life (AIDS has killed thousands in Africa)

Actually, looking at standard WordNet ordering:
kill%2:35:00 is usually the first sense (intentional)
kill%2:35:01 is usually the second sense (unintentional)
kill%2:35:02 is "deprive of life"

But in the provided list:
1. kill%2:35:00:: (intentional)
2. kill%2:41:01:: (thwart)
3. kill%2:30:08:: (stamp out)
4. kill%2:42:00:: (be fatal)
...
9. kill%2:35:02:: (deprive of life)
10. kill%2:35:01:: (without intention)

So sense 9 in the list corresponds to "deprive of life" and sense 10 corresponds to "without intention".

Given the example for sense 9 is specifically about AIDS killing people, and the context is about cancer killing people, sense 9 is the best match.

Sense 4 "be fatal" could work but "be fatal" is more about the potential to cause death, whereas "deprive of life" is about actually causing death to specific victims. The context mentions a specific number (200,000 Americans), which fits "deprive of life" better.

Also, sense 4 examples ("cigarettes kill") can be interpreted as general statements about the danger, while sense 9 example ("AIDS has killed thousands") refers to actual deaths accumulated over time, which matches "killing almost 200,000 Americans a year".

Therefore, the answer should be index 9.

But let me double-check sense 10: "cause the death of, without intention". While cancers act without intention, this sense seems reserved for accidental death (car crashes), whereas diseases are typically covered under "deprive of life" (sense 9).

Also, in many WSD datasets, "cancer kills" is annotated with the "deprive of life" sense or similar, not the unintentional accident sense.

So I'll go with sense_index: 9.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: american
Target surface form: Americans
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 <t>Americans</t> a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%1:18:00:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of the United States
2. sense_key=american%1:10:00:: | definition=the English language as used in the United States | synonyms=American English, American language
3. sense_key=american%1:18:01:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "Americans" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses cancer research, specifically about colon, lung, and breast cancers
- It mentions that these cancers "collectively kill almost 200,000 Americans a year"
- Later it mentions laboratories "in the U.S., Canada and Britain"

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=american%1:18:00:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of the United States
2. sense_key=american%1:10:00:: | definition=the English language as used in the United States | synonyms=American English, American language
3. sense_key=american%1:18:01:: | definition=a native or inhabitant of a North American or Central American or South American country

Analysis:
- Sense 2 is about language, but here "Americans" refers to people (being killed by cancer), not language. So this is out.
- Sense 3 refers to inhabitants of North, Central, or South American countries broadly.
- Sense 1 refers specifically to natives/inhabitants of the United States.

In the context:
- The text mentions "laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain" - suggesting the focus is on the U.S. specifically, not all of the Americas.
- The statistic "200,000 Americans" in the context of U.S. medical research typically refers to U.S. citizens/residents.
- In common usage, especially when discussing U.S.-based research and statistics, "Americans" almost always refers to people from the United States.

Also, looking at the examples and typical usage:
- When medical statistics cite deaths among "Americans" in the context of U.S. research facilities and comparing with Canada and Britain separately, it clearly refers to the United States population.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DigitalOcean

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a <t>year</t>. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "year" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a <t>year</t>."

 This is referring to a rate - 200,000 Americans per year, meaning annually, or during a period of 365 days.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
 - This seems to be the general sense of a year as a time period of 365 days. The phrase "a year" here means per year or annually, which fits this definition.

 2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
 - This is a specific type of year (academic year, fiscal year, etc.). The context doesn't suggest a specific activity-based period like a school year.

 3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
 - This is the astronomical definition. While technically a year on Earth is this, the context is about mortality statistics per calendar year, not about planetary revolution.

 4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High
 - This is clearly not the meaning here. It's about students, not time periods for cancer deaths.

 So the choice is between sense 1 and sense 3, but sense 1 is the more general "period of time containing 365 days" used for calendar years, ages, etc., while sense 3 is specifically astronomical. The phrase "a year" in "200,000 Americans a year" means per calendar year or per 365-day period, which aligns with sense 1.

 Actually, looking carefully at WordNet sense numbering:
 - year%1:28:00:: is usually the astronomical/orbital period sense
 - year%1:28:01:: is the calendar year sense (365 days)
 - year%1:28:02:: is the specific activity period

 In the context "200,000 Americans a year", this means annually or per calendar year. This corresponds to sense 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days".

 The index in the output should be the number after the last colon in the sense key? No, looking at the format:
 sense_key=year%1:28:01:: - this appears to be sense index 1
 sense_key=year%1:28:02:: - this appears to be sense index 2
 sense_key=year%1:28:00:: - this appears to be sense index 0 (or possibly the first one, but the number is 00)
 sense_key=year%1:14:00:: - this appears to be sense index 0 but different lexicographer file (noun.time vs noun.group)

 Wait, the sense keys use WordNet format: lemma%ss_type:lex_filenum:lex_id:head_word:head_id
 Actually, the format is: lemma%ss_type:lex_filenum:lex_id

 So:
 1. year%1:28:01:: -> lex_id 01
 2. year%1:28:02:: -> lex_id 02
 3. year%1:28:00:: -> lex_id 00
 4. year%1:14:00:: -> lex_id 00 (but different file - noun.group)

 The question asks for the "indexed sense" and to return {"sense_index": 3}. The candidates are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 in the list. So I should return the number corresponding to the correct candidate in the list.

 Candidate 1: sense_key=year%1:28:01::
 Candidate 2: sense_key=year%1:28:02::
 Candidate 3: sense_key=year%1:28:00::
 Candidate 4: sense_key=year%1:14:00::

 The correct sense is candidate 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days" - this is the standard calendar year sense used in "per year" or "a year" when referring to annual rates.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me double-check:
 - "200,000 Americans a year" = 200,000 Americans per year = 200,000 Americans annually.
 - This refers to the calendar year (365 days), not the orbital period (though they are related, the calendar year is the specific sense used for counting time in human affairs).
 - It's not a school year or academic year (sense 2).
 - It's not a class of students (sense 4).
 - While sense 3 (orbital period) is technically the basis for the calendar year, the specific usage here is the calendar year (sense 1).

 Therefore, sense_index is 1.

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: right
Target surface form: Right
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. <t>Right</t> now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=right%4:02:04:: | definition=precisely, exactly | examples=stand right here!
2. sense_key=right%4:02:08:: | definition=immediately | examples=she called right after dinner
3. sense_key=right%4:02:09:: | definition=exactly | synonyms=flop | examples=he fell flop on his face
4. sense_key=right%4:02:03:: | definition=toward or on the right; also used figuratively | examples=he looked right and left; the party has moved right
5. sense_key=right%4:02:01:: | definition=in the right manner | synonyms=properly, decently, decent, in good order, the right way | examples=please do your job properly!; can't you carry me decent?
6. sense_key=right%4:02:00:: | definition=an interjection expressing agreement | synonyms=right on
7. sense_key=right%4:02:07:: | definition=completely | examples=she felt right at home; he fell right into the trap
8. sense_key=right%4:02:06:: | definition=(Southern regional intensive) very; to a great degree | synonyms=mighty, mightily, powerful | examples=the baby is mighty cute; he's mighty tired
9. sense_key=right%4:02:05:: | definition=in accordance with moral or social standards | synonyms=justly | examples=that serves him right; do right by him
10. sense_key=right%4:02:02:: | definition=in an accurate manner | synonyms=correctly, aright | examples=the flower had been correctly depicted by his son; he guessed right

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "right" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

The phrase "Right now" is a common temporal expression meaning "at this moment" or "currently" or "immediately".

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. precisely, exactly - "stand right here!" - This is about spatial precision
2. immediately - "she called right after dinner" - This is temporal, meaning without delay
3. exactly - "he fell flop on his face" - This seems to be about manner/position
4. toward or on the right - directional
5. in the right manner - properly
6. an interjection expressing agreement - "right on"
7. completely - "she felt right at home"
8. very; to a great degree - Southern regional intensive
9. in accordance with moral or social standards - justly
10. in an accurate manner - correctly

The phrase "Right now" is an idiomatic expression meaning "at this very moment" or "currently". In WordNet, this would likely be sense 2: "immediately" - "she called right after dinner".

Let me check the examples:
- Sense 2: "immediately" - examples: "she called right after dinner"
- This matches "Right now" - meaning immediately/at this time.

Sense 1 is "precisely, exactly" with example "stand right here!" - this is spatial.
Sense 2 is "immediately" - temporal.
Sense 7 is "completely" - "she felt right at home" - this is different from "right now".

"Right now" is a fixed phrase meaning "at this time" or "immediately". In WordNet, the adverb sense of "right" meaning "immediately" (sense 2) fits best.

The context: "Right now about a dozen laboratories..." means "Currently/At this moment/Immediately about a dozen laboratories..."

Sense 2 (immediately) is the best fit.

Wait, let me double-check sense 7 "completely" - could "right now" mean "completely now"? No, that doesn't make sense.

Sense 2: immediately - fits with temporal "now".

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- right%4:02:02:: is "in an accurate manner" (correctly)
- right%4:02:04:: is "precisely, exactly"
- right%4:02:08:: is "immediately"

The phrase "right now" is typically mapped to the "immediately" sense or the "exactly/precisely" sense depending on the specific WordNet version. But given the example "she called right after dinner" for sense 2, this clearly indicates the temporal "immediately" meaning, which is exactly how "right now" is being used here - meaning "at this immediate time".

So the answer should be sense_index: 2.

Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=right%4:02:04::
2. sense_key=right%4:02:08::
3. sense_key=right%4:02:09::
4. sense_key=right%4:02:03::
5. sense_key=right%4:02:01::
6. sense_key=right%4:02:00::
7. sense_key=right%4:02:07::
8. sense_key=right%4:02:06::
9. sense_key=right%4:02:05::
10. sense_key=right%4:02:02::

So sense 2 in the list is right%4:02:08:: with definition "immediately".

Yes, that's the one.

Let me verify:
- "Right now" = immediately/at this moment
- Example given: "she called right after dinner" - this shows "right" modifying a time expression to mean "immediately after"
- Similarly, "right now" means "immediately now" or "at this very moment"

Therefore, sense_index: 2.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: now
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right <t>now</t> about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "now" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The text is discussing scientific discoveries about cancer-suppressing genes. It mentions:
 - Dr. Dryja's 1986 discovery
 - Last spring's discovery of p53 gene
 - Soon after that report, other teams found evidence
 - Then it says: "Right <t>now</t> about a dozen laboratories... are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

 The phrase "Right now" indicates the present time. The sentence is talking about what is currently happening - laboratories are currently racing to find other genes.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: - "in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events"
    - This is for narrative/historical present tense, like telling a story in the present tense about past events.
    - The context here is not historical narration but reporting current scientific activity.

 2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: - "in these times; - Nancy Mitford" | synonyms=nowadays, today
    - This refers to the general present era/modern times.
    - While close, "Right now" suggests a more immediate present moment rather than the general era.

 3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: - "used to preface a command or reproof or request"
    - Examples: "now hear this!", "now pay attention"
    - Not applicable here - not a command.

 4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: - "at the present moment" | synonyms=at present
    - Examples: "goods now on sale", "the now-aging dictator"
    - This fits well. "Right now" = at this very moment/present time. The laboratories are currently, at this moment, racing to find genes.

 5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: - "without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening" | synonyms=immediately, instantly...
    - This is about immediacy of action, like "do it now" meaning immediately.
    - While "right now" can mean immediately, here it's indicating the current time frame ("at this time"), not urgency of action.

 6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: - "(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity"
    - Example: "Now the next problem is..."
    - Not applicable here - not transitional.

 7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: - "in the immediate past"
    - Example: "told me just now"
    - Not applicable - the laboratories are currently working, not in the immediate past.

 The best fit is sense 4: "at the present moment" (synonyms: at present).

 The phrase "Right now" clearly indicates the current time, the present moment. The sentence describes what is happening currently in laboratories.

 Sense 2 ("nowadays") is broader and refers to the current era generally, but "right now" specifically emphasizes the immediate present moment, which aligns better with sense 4.

 Sense 4 examples include "goods now on sale" and "the now-aging dictator" - both referring to the current state at the present time.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index 4.

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=now%4:02:05::
 2. sense_key=now%4:02:00::
 3. sense_key=now%4:02:02::
 4. sense_key=now%4:02:04::
 5. sense_key=now%4:02:01::
 6. sense_key=now%4:02:07::
 7. sense_key=now%4:02:06::

 So sense 4 in the list corresponds to sense_key=now%4:02:04:: which is "at the present moment".

 Yes, that's correct.

 Actually, looking at WordNet, the standard sense for "at the present moment" is usually sense 4 or similar. Let me verify the definitions again.

 The context: "Right now about a dozen laboratories... are racing..."
 This is definitely "at the present moment" - describing current ongoing activity.

 Sense 1 is for historical present (narrative).
 Sense 2 is for "nowadays" (general present era).
 Sense 4 is "at the present moment" (specific current time).

 "Right now" = at this very moment = sense 4.

 The answer is {"sense_index": 4}.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now <t>about</t> a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "about" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "Right now <t>about</t> a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

Here, "about" modifies "a dozen laboratories" - it's indicating an approximate number. It's not referring to physical location, movement, direction, or rotation.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
- This fits perfectly. "About a dozen" means approximately twelve, an imprecise quantity.

2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
- This is about physical location/surroundings. Doesn't fit.

3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
- This is about location. Doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
- This is about movement. Doesn't fit.

5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
- This is about direction/reversal. Doesn't fit.

6. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
- This is about rotation/succession. Doesn't fit.

7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded
- This is about being close to completion of an action or state. While "almost" is similar, this sense is used for actions/states being nearly complete (e.g., "about done"), not for quantities. The examples show "the job is (just) about done" - this is different from "about a dozen" which is about quantity.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice. It's the quantitative approximate sense.

The index for this sense is 1 (based on the list provided: "1. sense_key=about%4:02:00::").

Wait, let me double-check the numbering. The user lists:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00::
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06::
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01::
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04::
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02::
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03::
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05::

So the first one is index 1.

The context clearly uses "about" to mean "approximately" regarding the quantity "a dozen laboratories".

Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: laboratory
Target surface form: laboratories
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen <t>laboratories</t>, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=laboratory%1:06:00:: | definition=a workplace for the conduct of scientific research | synonyms=lab, research lab, research laboratory, science lab, science laboratory
2. sense_key=laboratory%1:15:00:: | definition=a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation | synonyms=testing ground | examples=the new nation is a testing ground for socioeconomic theories; Pakistan is a laboratory for studying the use of American troops to combat terrorism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "laboratories" in the given context.

 Target lemma: laboratory
 Target surface form: laboratories
 Context: The text is about scientific research on cancer-suppressing genes, mentioning Dr. Dryja, retinoblastoma, p53 gene, and research teams. The specific sentence is: "Right now about a dozen <t>laboratories</t>, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."

 Candidate senses:
 1. laboratory%1:06:00:: - definition: a workplace for the conduct of scientific research | synonyms: lab, research lab, research laboratory, science lab, science laboratory
 2. laboratory%1:15:00:: - definition: a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation | synonyms: testing ground | examples: the new nation is a testing ground for socioeconomic theories; Pakistan is a laboratory for studying the use of American troops to combat terrorism

 Analysis:
 - The context is about scientific research being conducted in physical places (in the U.S., Canada and Britain).
 - The laboratories are "racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes" - this is clearly referring to physical research facilities where scientific experiments are conducted.
 - Sense 1 refers to a workplace for scientific research (physical location).
 - Sense 2 refers to a region/area that serves as a testing ground metaphorically (like "Pakistan is a laboratory for studying..." or "new nation is a testing ground").
 - In this context, "about a dozen laboratories" refers to specific research institutions/facilities in different countries where scientists work.
 - The synonyms for sense 1 (lab, research lab, etc.) fit perfectly.
 - The examples for sense 2 show metaphorical usage (a country or region as a laboratory), which doesn't match here.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, looking at the instructions: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 So I should return {"sense_index": 1} since sense 1 is the correct one.

 Double-checking:
 - Is there any ambiguity? Could "laboratories" here mean metaphorical testing grounds?
 - The context mentions "in the U.S., Canada and Britain" - this suggests physical locations.
 - "racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes" - this is active scientific research work happening in facilities.
 - The mention of "research teams" earlier in the text also supports the physical research facility interpretation.

 Yes, sense 1 is definitely correct.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: u.s.
Target surface form: U.S.
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the <t>U.S.</t>, Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, United States, U.S. government
2. sense_key=us%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, America, the States, USA

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "u.s." with the surface form "U.S." in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses scientific research on cancer-suppressor genes
 - It mentions "about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain"
 - This is listing locations where laboratories are located
 - The U.S. is being mentioned alongside Canada and Britain as geographical/political entities where research is taking place

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00::
    - definition: the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States
    - synonyms: United States government, United States, U.S. government
    - This refers specifically to the government/governmental branches

 2. sense_key=us%1:15:00::
    - definition: North American republic containing 50 states... achieved independence in 1776
    - synonyms: United States, United States of America, America, the States, USA
    - This refers to the country/nation/territory itself

 In the context "laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain", we are talking about geographical locations where laboratories are situated. We are comparing countries: U.S., Canada, and Britain.

 While "U.S." could refer to the government in some contexts, here it's being used as a location/place where laboratories exist. The parallel structure with "Canada and Britain" (which are countries, not governments) suggests we are referring to the nations themselves.

 However, I need to look carefully at the sense keys. The first one is "u.s.%1:14:00::" which is noun.group (14) - referring to the government. The second is "us%1:15:00::" which is noun.location (15) or noun.object - referring to the country/territory.

 Wait, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
 - 1:14 usually refers to noun.group (groups of people/organizations)
 - 1:15 usually refers to noun.location (places)

 In the phrase "in the U.S., Canada and Britain", we are referring to locations where laboratories are situated. This aligns with sense 2 (the country/territory).

 But let me double-check: could it be referring to the government? "Laboratories in the U.S. government"? No, that doesn't make sense because it lists "U.S., Canada and Britain" as parallel entities. Canada and Britain are countries, not governments (though they have governments). The laboratories are located in these countries.

 Also, looking at the synonyms for sense 1: "United States government, United States, U.S. government" - this is specifically the governmental organization.
 Sense 2 synonyms: "United States, United States of America, America, the States, USA" - these refer to the country.

 The context is about geographical distribution of research: "in the U.S., Canada and Britain". This is clearly referring to the countries as locations.

 Therefore, sense 2 (us%1:15:00::) is the correct choice.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user asks for "sense_index". Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=us%1:15:00::

 So sense_index should be 2.

 But I need to be careful about the format. The user wants JSON like {"sense_index": 3}. So for sense 2, it would be {"sense_index": 2}.

 Let me reconsider if there's any ambiguity. Could "U.S." in this context refer to the government? For example, if it said "funding from the U.S.", that might be ambiguous. But "laboratories in the U.S." clearly refers to the geographical/political entity as a location. The parallel with Canada and Britain confirms this is the country sense.

 Also, note that sense 1 has lemma "u.s." and sense 2 has lemma "us". But the target lemma is given as "u.s." and surface form "U.S.". In WordNet, "U.S." and "US" and "u.s." and "us" might be variant spellings of the same or different entries. But looking at the sense keys provided, sense 2 is "us%1:15:00::" (lowercase us) and sense 1 is "u.s.%1:14:00::".

 Actually, looking carefully:
 - Candidate 1: sense_key=u.s.%1:14:00::
 - Candidate 2: sense_key=us%1:15:00::

 The target lemma is "u.s." (with periods). But in WordNet, the country sense might be listed under "united_states" or "us" while the government sense might be under "u.s._government" or similar. However, the user has provided these specific candidate senses, so I should work with them.

 The key distinction is:
 - Sense 1: the government (group/organization)
 - Sense 2: the country (location/territory)

 Context: "laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain"
 - Laboratories are physical places located in countries
 - Canada and Britain are countries (locations)
 - Therefore U.S. here means the country (United States)

 So the answer is sense_index 2.

 One final check: Is there any possibility that "U.S." here refers to the government? If it said "laboratories funded by the U.S.", it could mean the government. But "in the U.S." means located within the territory of the United States. This is clearly the location/country sense.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: race
Target surface form: racing
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are <t>racing</t> to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=race%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast | synonyms=rush, hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, pelt along | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests; The cars raced down the street
2. sense_key=race%2:33:00:: | definition=compete in a race | synonyms=run | examples=he is running the Marathon this year; let's race and see who gets there first
3. sense_key=race%2:41:03:: | definition=to work as fast as possible towards a goal, sometimes in competition with others | examples=We are racing to find a cure for AIDS
4. sense_key=race%2:38:10:: | definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | synonyms=rush | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "racing" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are <t>racing</t> to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
 - The context is about scientific research competition. Multiple laboratories are working quickly to achieve a goal (unmasking tumor-suppressing genes).
 - The phrase "racing to" suggests urgency and competition to reach a goal first.

 Candidate sense analysis:

 1. sense_key=race%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast | synonyms=rush, hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, pelt along | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests; The cars raced down the street
    - This is about physical movement/motion. The laboratories are not physically moving. This doesn't fit.

 2. sense_key=race%2:33:00:: | definition=compete in a race | synonyms=run | examples=he is running the Marathon this year; let's race and see who gets there first
    - This is about competing in a physical race or contest. While there is competition implied, the specific sense is about participating in a race event. The example "let's race and see who gets there first" suggests a physical race or direct competition, but the context here is more about working fast towards a goal in a competitive environment.

 3. sense_key=race%2:41:03:: | definition=to work as fast as possible towards a goal, sometimes in competition with others | examples=We are racing to find a cure for AIDS
    - This fits perfectly. The example "We are racing to find a cure for AIDS" is almost identical in structure to "are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes."
    - The definition mentions working fast towards a goal, sometimes in competition - which matches the context of multiple laboratories competing to be the first to discover these genes.

 4. sense_key=race%2:38:10:: | definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | synonyms=rush | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze
    - This is transitive - causing something else to race. Here "racing" is intransitive (laboratories are racing). So this doesn't fit.

 The best fit is clearly sense 3. The context involves scientific research teams working urgently and competitively toward a specific goal (finding genes), which matches the definition and example of sense 3 exactly.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask <t>other</t> suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "other" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text discusses cancer-suppressor genes (retinoblastoma, p53)
 - It mentions that two cancer-suppressors have been identified so far
 - Then it mentions "two other research teams" (which would be sense 1 - additional/different ones)
 - Later: "about a dozen laboratories... are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes"
 - The context implies: besides the ones already mentioned (p53, retinoblastoma gene), there are additional/suspected tumor-suppressing genes that need to be identified
 - "They have about seven candidates" - referring to other genes besides the two already fingered

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
    - This fits: "other suspected tumor-suppressing genes" means genes different from/already mentioned ones (p53 and retinoblastoma)

 2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
    - Doesn't fit - not referring to time

 3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
    - Doesn't fit - not referring to past time

 4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail
    - Doesn't fit - not referring to something strange or unusual in a supernatural way

 The correct sense is clearly sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - referring to additional tumor-suppressing genes beyond the two already identified (retinoblastoma and p53).

 The target word "other" appears in the phrase "other suspected tumor-suppressing genes" - meaning genes in addition to the ones previously mentioned.

 So the answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have <t>about</t> seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "about" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "They have <t>about</t> seven candidates."

 The sentence is: "They have about seven candidates."

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute

 2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help

 3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around

 4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about

 5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around

 6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play

 7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

 Now, analyzing the target sentence: "They have about seven candidates."

 Here, "about" is modifying the number "seven", indicating an approximate quantity. It's saying they have approximately seven candidates, not exactly seven.

 This matches sense 1: "(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct" with synonyms like "approximately", "roughly", "some", etc.

 Sense 7 is about actions or states being "almost" accomplished (e.g., "about done"), which is different from approximating a quantity.

 Sense 1 specifically mentions "(of quantities)" in the definition, and the example "in just about a minute" shows it used with quantities/time amounts.

 The context is clearly about an approximate number of candidates (seven), so sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The index for sense 1 is 1 (based on the ordering provided: "1. sense_key=...").

 Wait, let me check the indexing. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=about%4:02:00::
 2. sense_key=about%4:02:06::
 3. sense_key=about%4:02:01::
 4. sense_key=about%4:02:04::
 5. sense_key=about%4:02:02::
 6. sense_key=about%4:02:03::
 7. sense_key=about%4:02:05::

 So the first one is index 1.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys:
 - about%4:02:00:: corresponds to the first sense listed (approximately)
 - about%4:02:06:: corresponds to the second sense (all around)
 - etc.

 But the question asks for the "sense_index". Looking at the instructions: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 This suggests I should return the number corresponding to the position in the list (1-indexed).

 So for "about seven candidates" meaning approximately seven, this is sense 1 in the list provided.

 Let me double-check sense 7: "(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but" - this would be like "The work is about finished" or "He was about to leave". But here we have "about seven candidates" which is clearly a quantity approximation, not an action/state that is almost accomplished.

 Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: say
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers <t>say</t> the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "say" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about researchers finding genes related to cancer
 - The specific sentence is: "Researchers <t>say</t> the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix."
 - This is a statement where researchers are expressing their opinion or findings about tumor-suppressor genes.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
    - This is a general "express in words" sense. The researchers are indeed expressing something in words.

 2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
    - This involves reporting or maintaining a position. Researchers are reporting their findings/opinions.

 3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
    - This is hypothetical ("let's say"). Not applicable here.

 4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
    - This is about text containing certain wording. Not applicable.

 5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
    - This is commanding. Not applicable.

 6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
    - This is about pronunciation. Not applicable.

 7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
    - Nonverbal communication. Not applicable.

 8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
    - This is about uttering specific words aloud. Not the best fit.

 9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
    - This is stating an opinion or judgment. The researchers are stating their scientific opinion/judgment about tumor-suppressor genes.

 10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
     - Reciting fixed text. Not applicable.

 11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
     - Indication by objects. Not applicable.

 Now I need to decide between sense 1 (express in words), sense 2 (report or maintain), and sense 9 (state as one's opinion or judgement).

 Sense 1 is very general. Sense 2 involves "report or maintain" which often has a legal or formal connotation (allege, aver). Sense 9 is specifically about stating an opinion or judgment.

 In scientific contexts, when researchers "say" something, they are typically stating their findings, conclusions, or opinions based on their research. This aligns well with sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare".

 However, looking at the example for sense 9: "I say let's forget this whole business" - this is more of a suggestion/proposal.

 Looking at sense 2: "report or maintain" with synonyms "allege, aver". The example "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" fits well with researchers saying something about their findings.

 But actually, looking more carefully at the context: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes... appears crucial..." This is the researchers expressing their professional opinion/judgment based on evidence.

 Sense 1 (express in words) is too broad and generic. Almost any use of "say" expresses something in words.

 Sense 9 seems to fit well because the researchers are declaring their judgment/opinion about the importance of tumor-suppressor genes.

 But let me reconsider sense 2. "Report or maintain" - researchers are reporting their findings. The synonyms "allege, aver" suggest a claim or assertion. In scientific contexts, "say" often means they are asserting or claiming based on evidence.

 Actually, looking at WordNet's actual sense distinctions:
 - Sense 1 (say%2:32:00::) is the most general sense.
 - Sense 2 (say%2:32:01::) is specifically for "report or maintain" - this is often used when someone is claiming something, sometimes with the connotation of alleging.
 - Sense 9 (say%2:32:13::) is "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare"

 In the context of scientific reporting, when researchers "say" something, it's often classified under sense 1 or sense 2. But sense 9 is specifically for opinions/judgments.

 The sentence "Researchers say the inactivation... appears crucial..." - this is the researchers stating their conclusion/opinion based on research. This fits sense 9 well.

 However, looking at the example for sense 2: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" - this is similar to researchers saying something about cancer genes.

 Let me check the WordNet sense keys more carefully. The user provided:
 1. say%2:32:00:: - express in words
 2. say%2:32:01:: - report or maintain
 9. say%2:32:13:: - state as one's opinion or judgement; declare

 In standard WordNet:
 - say%2:32:00:: is the generic "state, say, tell"
 - say%2:32:01:: is "allege, aver, say"
 - say%2:32:13:: is "say" as in "state as one's opinion or judgement"

 The context is scientific researchers stating their findings. This is most commonly sense 1 (the general sense), but could be sense 2 if emphasizing the reporting aspect, or sense 9 if emphasizing the opinion aspect.

 However, looking at the specific content: "appears crucial" - this suggests an assessment or judgment. This leans toward sense 9.

 But wait, looking at the instruction: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."

 Let me look at the synonyms again:
 - Sense 1: state, tell
 - Sense 2: allege, aver
 - Sense 9: (no synonyms listed in the prompt, but the definition is "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare")

 The researchers are not alleging (which implies something not yet proven or claimed without proof necessarily), and not averring (affirming with confidence). They are stating their scientific opinion/judgment.

 Actually, in many WSD datasets, when researchers or experts "say" something in a news article, it's often sense 1 or sense 2. But sense 9 is specifically for cases like "I say we go now" - making a proposal or stating a personal judgment.

 Let me reconsider the example for sense 9: "I say let's forget this whole business" - this is suggesting a course of action.

 The example for sense 2: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" - this is reporting a position or claim.

 The example for sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her" - general expression.

 In the given context, the researchers are reporting their scientific findings/position. This aligns best with sense 2: "report or maintain". They are maintaining that the inactivation of these genes is crucial.

 However, sense 1 is also very strong because it's the general sense of expressing something in words.

 But looking at the distinction: sense 2 specifically involves reporting or maintaining a position (allege, aver), which fits scientific reporting well. Sense 1 is too generic.

 Sense 9 is about stating an opinion or judgment, which also fits, but the example suggests it's more about making proposals or declarations in a deliberative context ("I say let's...").

 Given the choices, sense 2 seems most appropriate for researchers reporting their findings, or sense 1 as the default.

 But actually, looking at standard WordNet sense tagging practices for similar sentences, "Researchers say..." is typically tagged with sense 1 (the general sense) unless there's a specific nuance of alleging or opining.

 Wait, I need to look at the specific sense keys provided:
 - sense_key=say%2:32:00:: (this is the first sense)
 - sense_key=say%2:32:01:: (second sense)
 - sense_key=say%2:32:13:: (ninth sense in the list, but the key ends in 13)

 In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
 - say%2:32:00:: - "state, say, tell" - express in words
 - say%2:32:01:: - "allege, aver, say" - report or maintain
 - say%2:32:13:: - "say" - state as one's opinion or judgement; declare

 The context: "Researchers say the inactivation... appears crucial..."

 This is the researchers expressing their professional assessment. This is closest to sense 9 (state as one's opinion or judgement).

 However, sense 2 could also work if we view it as them reporting their findings.

 But "report or maintain" (sense 2) often carries a legal or formal connotation of claiming something to be true, sometimes with the implication of defending a position (aver).

 "State as one's opinion or judgement" (sense 9) is more about expressing a view or conclusion.

 Given that they are talking about scientific findings ("appears crucial"), this is their judgment/opinion based on research.

 I think sense 9 is the best fit.

 But let me double-check by looking at the other senses to make sure I'm not missing something.

 Sense 3: supposition - no, not hypothetical.
 Sense 4: contain wording - no.
 Sense 5: give instructions - no.
 Sense 6: pronounce - no.
 Sense 7: nonverbal - no.
 Sense 8: utter aloud - no, not about the physical act.
 Sense 10: recite - no.
 Sense 11: indicate (like a clock) - no.

 So it's between 1, 2, and 9.

 Sense 1 is the hypernym/general sense.
 Sense 2 is for reporting/alleging.
 Sense 9 is for stating opinions/judgments.

 In scientific contexts, "researchers say" is most accurately captured by sense 9 when they are stating their conclusions/opinions, or sense 2 when reporting findings.

 Given the specific content about what they believe ("appears crucial"), sense 9 seems slightly better than sense 2. Sense 2 would fit better if it were "Researchers say that they have found..." or "Researchers say that the gene causes..."

 Actually, looking at the sentence again: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes... appears crucial..."

 This is them stating their assessment/opinion. Sense 9.

 But I should verify: in many WSD systems, sense 1 is the default for "say" when it's just expressing something in words. However, the instruction says to choose the "best" sense, not just the default.

 Given the specific glosses:
 - Sense 1: "express in words" - very general
 - Sense 2: "report or maintain" - specific to reporting claims
 - Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement" - specific to opinions

 The researchers are doing both: reporting their findings and stating their scientific judgment. But "appears crucial" emphasizes the judgment aspect.

 I will go with sense 9 (index 9).

 Wait, looking at the list again:
 1. sense_key=say%2:32:00::
 2. sense_key=say%2:32:01::
 3. sense_key=say%2:32:03::
 4. sense_key=say%2:42:00::
 5. sense_key=say%2:32:04::
 6. sense_key=say%2:32:02::
 7. sense_key=say%2:32:07::
 8. sense_key=say%2:32:15::
 9. sense_key=say%2:32:13::
 10. sense_key=say%2:32:08::
 11. sense_key=say%2:32:09::

 So sense 9 in the list corresponds to sense_key=say%2:32:13::.

 Yes, that's the one I want.

 Final check: Could it be sense 1? Sense 1 is "express in words" with examples like "He said that he wanted to marry her". This is also a valid interpretation.

 But sense 9 is more specific and captures the nuance of stating a judgment/opinion, which is what researchers do when they interpret data ("appears crucial").

 In WSD, we prefer more specific senses when they fit. Sense 9 fits.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 9}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: alone
Target surface form: alone
Context:
Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes. They have about seven candidates. Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, <t>alone</t> or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix. There is evidence that if people inherit defective versions of these genes, they are especially prone to cancer, perhaps explaining, finally, why some cancers seem to haunt certain families.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=alone%4:02:00:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, only | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
2. sense_key=alone%4:02:01:: | definition=without anybody else or anything else | synonyms=solo, unaccompanied | examples=the child stayed home alone; the pillar stood alone, supporting nothing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "alone" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "Researchers say the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, alone or in combination, appears crucial to the development of such scourges as cancer of the brain, the skin, kidney, prostate, and cervix."

Here, "alone" is contrasted with "in combination". It means that the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes by itself (without any others being included or involved) or in combination with other factors appears crucial.

Candidate sense 1: alone%4:02:00:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, only | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children

Candidate sense 2: alone%4:02:01:: | definition=without anybody else or anything else | synonyms=solo, unaccompanied | examples=the child stayed home alone; the pillar stood alone, supporting nothing

Sense 1 fits better because:
- It means "without any others being included or involved" which matches the contrast with "in combination"
- The synonyms "solely", "exclusively", "only" fit the semantic context: "the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes, solely/exclusively/only or in combination..."
- Sense 2 is more about physical solitude or being unaccompanied (a child staying home alone, a pillar standing alone), which doesn't fit the abstract concept of gene inactivation.

The phrase "alone or in combination" is a common collocation where "alone" means "by itself" in the sense of "without any others being included or involved" - i.e., sense 1.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: SiliconFlow