[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: satisfaction
Target surface form: satisfaction
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its <t>satisfaction</t> in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=satisfaction%1:12:00:: | definition=the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation | examples=the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction
2. sense_key=satisfaction%1:26:00:: | definition=state of being gratified or satisfied | synonyms=gratification | examples=dull repetitious work gives no gratification; to my immense gratification he arrived on time
3. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:00:: | definition=compensation for a wrong | synonyms=atonement, expiation | examples=we were unable to get satisfaction from the local store
4. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:01:: | definition=(law) the payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation | examples=the full and final satisfaction of the claim
5. sense_key=satisfaction%1:04:00:: | definition=act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite | examples=the satisfaction of their demand for better services

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "satisfaction" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The passage is about bell ringing (change ringing)
 - Dorothy L. Sayers is quoted describing ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"
 - The context suggests that the passion (for bell ringing) finds its fulfillment or gratification in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection
 - The ringers are described as being "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=satisfaction%1:12:00:: | definition=the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation | examples=the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction
    - This is about the feeling/contentment itself

 2. sense_key=satisfaction%1:26:00:: | definition=state of being gratified or satisfied | synonyms=gratification | examples=dull repetitious work gives no gratification; to my immense gratification he arrived on time
    - This is about the state of being gratified

 3. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:00:: | definition=compensation for a wrong | synonyms=atonement, expiation | examples=we were unable to get satisfaction from the local store
    - This is about compensation/redress for a wrong

 4. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:01:: | definition=(law) the payment of a debt or fulfillment of an obligation | examples=the full and final satisfaction of the claim
    - Legal/financial sense

 5. sense_key=satisfaction%1:04:00:: | definition=act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite | examples=the satisfaction of their demand for better services
    - This is about the act of fulfilling

 The context says "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."

 This means the passion finds its fulfillment/gratification in those things. It's talking about where the passion finds its fulfillment or gratification.

 Looking at the distinction between senses 1, 2, and 5:
 - Sense 1 (1:12:00): the contentment/feeling itself
 - Sense 2 (1:26:00): state of being gratified (similar to sense 1 but as a state)
 - Sense 5 (1:04:00): act of fulfilling

 The phrase "finds its satisfaction in" suggests that the passion finds its fulfillment or gratification in something. This is similar to sense 2 (state of being gratified) or sense 1 (contentment).

 However, looking closely at the WordNet hierarchy:
 - 1:12:00 is a noun denoting feelings and emotions (contentment)
 - 1:26:00 is a noun denoting stable states of affairs (state of being gratified)
 - 1:04:00 is a noun denoting acts or actions (act of fulfilling)

 In the phrase "finds its satisfaction in", the word "satisfaction" is referring to the fulfillment or gratification that the passion receives. It's not referring to the act of fulfilling (sense 5), but rather the state or feeling of being satisfied.

 But wait, looking at sense 2: "state of being gratified or satisfied" with synonym "gratification".
 And sense 1: "the contentment one feels..."

 The example for sense 2 includes "dull repetitious work gives no gratification" - this is similar to our context where the passion finds its satisfaction/gratification in something.

 Actually, looking at the Dorothy L. Sayers quote more carefully: "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."

 This is analogous to saying "finds its fulfillment in" or "finds its gratification in."

 Sense 2 has the synonym "gratification" and the definition "state of being gratified or satisfied."

 Sense 1 is "the contentment one feels..."

 Both are close. But sense 2 seems to fit better because:
 1. It has "gratification" as a synonym, which fits the context of a passion finding gratification in something
 2. The example "dull repetitious work gives no gratification" parallels the idea of a passion finding satisfaction/gratification in something

 However, sense 1 is also plausible: "the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire..."

 But looking at the specific wording "finds its satisfaction in", this is an idiom where "satisfaction" means "fulfillment" or "gratification" - the thing that satisfies the passion.

 Actually, looking at WordNet sense 5: "act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite" - this doesn't fit because we're not talking about an act.

 Let me reconsider sense 1 vs sense 2.

 Sense 1: satisfaction%1:12:00:: - this is under "feeling, emotion" (1:12)
 Sense 2: satisfaction%1:26:00:: - this is under "state" (1:26)

 The context describes a passion finding its satisfaction in mathematical completeness. This means the passion is gratified or satisfied by mathematical completeness. It's talking about the state of being satisfied or the gratification itself.

 Sense 2 specifically mentions "gratification" as a synonym, and the definition is "state of being gratified or satisfied."

 The example for sense 2: "dull repetitious work gives no gratification" - this shows that "gratification" (and by extension "satisfaction" in this sense) is something that can be given or found in something.

 In our context, the passion finds its satisfaction (gratification) in mathematical completeness.

 Sense 1 focuses more on the feeling of contentment, while sense 2 focuses on the state of being gratified.

 Actually, looking at the examples again:
 Sense 1: "the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction" - this is about experiencing the feeling
 Sense 2: "dull repetitious work gives no gratification; to my immense gratification he arrived on time" - this is about something providing gratification

 The phrase "finds its satisfaction in" aligns better with sense 2, where satisfaction is the state of being gratified or the gratification itself.

 But I should check if there's a distinction I'm missing.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet definitions more carefully online (from my knowledge):
 - satisfaction%1:12:00:: is the feeling of pleasure/contentment
 - satisfaction%1:26:00:: is the state of being gratified (which is very similar but perhaps more abstract)

 In the context "finds its satisfaction in", it's similar to "finds its fulfillment in". This is talking about where the passion gets its gratification.

 I think sense 2 is the best fit because:
 1. The synonym "gratification" fits perfectly
 2. The definition "state of being gratified or satisfied" captures the meaning of the passion being gratified by mathematical completeness
 3. The example "dull repetitious work gives no gratification" parallels the structure where something provides (or doesn't provide) gratification/satisfaction

 Wait, let me look at sense 5 again: "act of fulfilling a desire or need or appetite"
 Example: "the satisfaction of their demand for better services"
 This is clearly about the act/action of satisfying.

 In our context, it's not the act of satisfying the passion, but rather the passion finding its satisfaction (the state/feeling of being satisfied) in something.

 Between sense 1 and 2, sense 2 seems slightly better because:
 - It includes "gratification" which is often used in contexts of abstract things like passions finding gratification in something
 - The state of being gratified fits the idea of the passion being in a state of gratification when there is mathematical completeness

 However, sense 1 is also very strong. Let me think about the difference.

 Sense 1: "the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation"
 This is the subjective feeling.

 Sense 2: "state of being gratified or satisfied"
 This is the objective state.

 In the phrase "finds its satisfaction in", the word is being used somewhat metaphorically for the passion. The passion itself doesn't feel contentment (sense 1), but it can be in a state of being gratified (sense 2), or we can personify it as finding its gratification.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 2 again: "to my immense gratification he arrived on time" - this is about the speaker being gratified.

 And "dull repetitious work gives no gratification" - the work doesn't provide gratification.

 Similarly, "a passion that finds its satisfaction in..." - the passion finds its gratification/satisfaction in...

 I think sense 2 is the intended answer.

 But let me double-check by looking at the other senses to make sure I'm not missing something.

 Sense 3: compensation for a wrong - clearly not relevant.
 Sense 4: legal payment - clearly not relevant.
 Sense 5: act of fulfilling - not relevant (we're not talking about the act of satisfying the passion).

 So it's between 1 and 2.

 Looking at the WordNet lexicographer files (from my training data):
 - satisfaction%1:12:00:: is in noun.feeling
 - satisfaction%1:26:00:: is in noun.state

 The context describes the passion finding its satisfaction in mathematical completeness. This is similar to saying the passion is gratified by mathematical completeness.

 I think sense 2 (1:26:00) is the best answer because it aligns with "gratification" and the state of being satisfied, which fits the abstract nature of a passion finding its fulfillment in abstract concepts like mathematical completeness.

 However, I should note that sense 1 is also very close. But given that sense 2 specifically lists "gratification" as a synonym, and the context uses "satisfaction" in a way that is synonymous with "gratification" (as in the passion being gratified), sense 2 seems correct.

 Wait, I want to check one more thing. In the quote: "finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness"

 If I substitute the definitions:
 - finds its contentment in... (sense 1)
 - finds its state of being gratified in... (sense 2)
 - finds its gratification in... (sense 2 synonym)

 "finds its gratification in" sounds very natural and fits the context of a passion being gratified by something.

 Therefore, I choose sense 2.

 Actually, looking at the index numbers provided:
 1. sense_key=satisfaction%1:12:00::
 2. sense_key=satisfaction%1:26:00::
 3. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:00::
 4. sense_key=satisfaction%1:21:01::
 5. sense_key=satisfaction%1:04:00::

 So sense_index would be 2.

 But let me reconsider once more. Could it be sense 1?

 Sense 1 example: "the chef tasted the sauce with great satisfaction"
 This is about experiencing satisfaction.

 Sense 2 example: "dull repetitious work gives no gratification"
 This is about something providing gratification.

 Our context: "a passion that finds its satisfaction in..."
 This is about something (the passion) finding/providing satisfaction.

 Actually, "finds its satisfaction in" means the passion obtains its satisfaction from mathematical completeness. So mathematical completeness provides the satisfaction to the passion.

 This aligns with sense 2's example structure where work gives/provides gratification.

 Also, the word "gratification" in sense 2's synonyms is key here. The passion finds its gratification in mathematical completeness.

 I think sense 2 is correct.

 Final check: The user wants a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}.

 So for sense 2, I should return {"sense_index": 2}.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=...
 2. sense_key=...
 3. sense_key=...
 4. sense_key=...
 5. sense_key=...

 So the index corresponds to the number in the list.

 My answer is index 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mathematical
Target surface form: mathematical
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in <t>mathematical</t> completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "mathematical" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The passage is about church bell ringing (change ringing)
 - Dorothy L. Sayers is quoted describing ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"
 - The context emphasizes: intricate ritual, faultlessly performed, mechanical perfection, completeness
 - The ringing involves precise timing, patterns, and sequences (changes)

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=mathematical%3:01:00:: | definition=of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics | examples=a mathematical textbook; slide rules and other mathematical instruments
    - This is the general adjective meaning "related to mathematics"
    - In the context, "mathematical completeness" could mean completeness of the kind found in mathematics

 2. sense_key=mathematical%3:00:00:: | definition=relating to or having ability to think in or work with numbers | synonyms=numerical | examples=tests for rating numerical aptitude; a mathematical whiz
    - This is about numerical ability/aptitude
    - Doesn't fit well with "completeness"

 3. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00 | definition=beyond question | examples=a mathematical certainty
    - This means "absolutely certain"
    - "Mathematical completeness" doesn't mean "unquestionable completeness" in this context

 4. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00 | definition=statistically possible though highly improbable | examples=have a mathematical chance of making the playoffs
    - This means "theoretical but unlikely"
    - Doesn't fit with "completeness"

 5. sense_key=mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics | examples=mathematical precision
    - This emphasizes exactness, precision
    - The context mentions "mechanical perfection" and "faultlessly performed"
    - "Mathematical completeness" here suggests completeness that is precise, exact, systematic - like a mathematical proof or system

 Wait, let me reconsider. The phrase is "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."

 Looking at sense 1: "of or pertaining to or of the nature of mathematics" - this is the broad relational adjective.
 Looking at sense 5: "characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics"

 The context emphasizes:
 - Intricate ritual faultlessly performed
 - Mechanical perfection
 - Completeness
 - Precision and exactness (implied by "faultlessly")

 Sense 5 seems to capture the nuance of "mathematical" as meaning "precise, exact" - which fits well with "mechanical perfection."

 However, sense 1 is the general sense. But sense 5 is more specific and captures the metaphorical extension of mathematical precision.

 Let me check the WordNet structure. Sense 5 is marked as "similar to" (indicated by %5), specifically similar to "exact". This is a specific usage.

 In the phrase "mathematical completeness", Dorothy L. Sayers is referring to the systematic, precise, exact nature of change ringing (which follows mathematical patterns and permutations). The "completeness" refers to completing the full set of changes or the perfect execution of the pattern.

 Actually, looking more carefully:
 - Sense 1: pertaining to mathematics (the field)
 - Sense 5: characterized by exactness/precision of mathematics

 "Mathematical completeness" could mean:
 1. Completeness of the kind found in mathematics (sense 1)
 2. Exact/precise completeness (sense 5)

 But the pairing with "mechanical perfection" suggests that "mathematical" here is describing a quality of precision and exactness, not just "related to mathematics."

 However, I should check if sense 1 is actually the correct one. In many dictionaries, "mathematical" when used to mean "precise" or "exact" is considered a separate sense from "relating to mathematics."

 Looking at the examples for sense 5: "mathematical precision" - this is very close to "mathematical completeness" in the context.

 The context describes bell ringing as having:
 - Mathematical completeness
 - Mechanical perfection
 - Intricate ritual faultlessly performed

 This emphasizes precision, exactness, and systematic perfection - which aligns with sense 5.

 But wait, I need to be careful. In change ringing, "completeness" often refers to completing a full course of changes (a mathematical permutation). So it could literally be "mathematical" in the sense of "pertaining to mathematics" (permutations, group theory).

 However, the phrase "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" is a quotation from Dorothy L. Sayers. In her novel "The Nine Tailors", she describes change ringing. The "mathematical completeness" refers to the completion of the full set of permutations (a "extent" in ringing terminology).

 But does this make it sense 1 or sense 5?

 Sense 1: pertaining to mathematics (the field of mathematics)
 Sense 5: characterized by exactness/precision

 If "mathematical completeness" means "completeness in the mathematical sense" (i.e., completing all possible permutations), then sense 1 might be appropriate.

 However, the gloss for sense 5 specifically mentions "exactness or precision" and the example is "mathematical precision." The phrase in the text is "mathematical completeness" - which is structurally similar.

 But "completeness" in mathematics is a specific concept (complete sets, complete proofs, etc.).

 Let me reconsider the WordNet senses more carefully.

 Sense 1: mathematical%3:01:00:: - This is the relational adjective "of or pertaining to... mathematics"
 Sense 5: mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00 - This is the pertainym/adjective meaning "exact, precise"

 In WordNet, sense 5 is a satellite adjective (indicated by %5) meaning it's similar to "exact."

 The question is: in "mathematical completeness," is "mathematical" being used to mean:
 A) "related to the field of mathematics" (sense 1)
 B) "precise/exact like mathematics" (sense 5)

 Given the parallel with "mechanical perfection" and the description of "intricate ritual faultlessly performed," the emphasis is on precision and exactness. The ringing must be done with mathematical precision - exact timing, exact sequences.

 Also, looking at the example for sense 5: "mathematical precision" - this is exactly the kind of collocation we see here, just with "completeness" instead of "precision," but the semantic quality is the same.

 However, "completeness" is different from "precision." But "mathematical completeness" suggests a completeness that is absolute, exact, and systematic - characterized by the exactness of mathematics.

 Actually, looking at the other senses:
 Sense 3: beyond question (mathematical certainty)
 Sense 4: statistically possible

 Sense 3 is also a satellite (similar to unquestionable). "Mathematical certainty" is an idiom meaning absolute certainty.

 "Mathematical completeness" is not a standard idiom like "mathematical certainty."

 I think the choice is between 1 and 5.

 Let me look at the context again: "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."

 This is describing the nature of the activity. Change ringing is based on mathematical principles (permutations). The "completeness" refers to the completion of a "touch" or "extent" - completing all the changes without error.

 If we interpret "mathematical" as "pertaining to mathematics" (sense 1), it means the completeness is of a mathematical nature (completing the mathematical pattern).

 If we interpret it as "exact/precise" (sense 5), it means the completeness is characterized by exactness.

 But "mathematical completeness" as a phrase is more likely to mean "completeness in the mathematical sense" rather than "exact completeness."

 However, looking at the WordNet examples:
 - Sense 1: "a mathematical textbook" - clearly about the field
 - Sense 5: "mathematical precision" - about the quality of exactness

 The phrase "mathematical completeness" is closer to "mathematical precision" in structure than to "mathematical textbook."

 But wait, I should check if there's a specific sense for "mathematical" meaning "relating to mathematical principles" vs "having mathematical qualities."

 Actually, looking at standard dictionary definitions:
 1. Of or relating to mathematics
 2. Precise, exact, rigorous (like mathematics)

 WordNet separates these as:
 - Sense 1: relating to mathematics (the field)
 - Sense 5: characterized by exactness/precision (the quality)

 In the context of bell ringing, the "mathematical completeness" refers to the systematic, methodical completion of the ringing pattern, which is done with the precision of mathematics.

 But I think sense 5 is the best fit because:
 1. It parallels "mechanical perfection" (both describing qualities)
 2. It fits with "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" (emphasis on precision/accuracy)
 3. The example "mathematical precision" is semantically very close to how "mathematical" is being used here

 However, I'm concerned that "completeness" might not fit sense 5 as well as "precision" does. Sense 5 is defined as "characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics." Can completeness be characterized by exactness? Yes, in the sense of being perfectly complete, exactly complete.

 But let me reconsider sense 1. If "mathematical" simply means "of the nature of mathematics," then "mathematical completeness" means completeness as found in mathematics - which could mean exhaustive completion of all permutations (which is what change ringers aim for).

 In change ringing, an "extent" is a complete sequence of all possible permutations of the bells. This is a mathematical concept. So "mathematical completeness" could literally mean "completeness in the mathematical sense" i.e., completing the full set.

 This would be sense 1.

 But sense 5 is specifically about exactness. Is completeness about exactness? Not exactly - it's about wholeness, entirety.

 However, in the context, "mathematical completeness" is paired with "mechanical perfection." Both are high standards of performance. "Mechanical perfection" suggests flawless execution. "Mathematical completeness" suggests systematic, precise completeness.

 I think I need to look at this differently. The word "mathematical" in "mathematical certainty" (sense 3) means "absolute, beyond question." In "mathematical chance" (sense 4), it means "theoretical, calculated."

 In "mathematical completeness," if it means "absolute completeness," it could be sense 3. But sense 3 is specifically "beyond question" (like certainty), not "complete."

 Let me check the WordNet hierarchy. Sense 5 is under "exact" (similar to exact). Sense 3 is under "unquestionable."

 "Mathematical completeness" is not an idiom meaning "absolute completeness" in the way "mathematical certainty" means "absolute certainty."

 So sense 3 is out.

 Between 1 and 5:
 - Sense 1: pertaining to mathematics
 - Sense 5: exact/precise

 The context emphasizes the precision and faultlessness: "intricate ritual faultlessly performed," "mechanical perfection."

 Therefore, sense 5 seems best because it captures the connotation of precision and exactness.

 But I'm still uneasy because "completeness" is not exactly "precision."

 Let me look at the definition of sense 5 again: "characterized by the exactness or precision of mathematics"

 If something has "mathematical completeness," it is completeness characterized by mathematical exactness - i.e., perfect, systematic completeness.

 Actually, looking at the target sentence again: "a passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"

 This is describing what the ringers find satisfying. They find satisfaction in:
 1. Mathematical completeness
 2. Mechanical perfection

 "Mechanical perfection" refers to the flawless execution of the physical mechanism.
 "Mathematical completeness" likely refers to the perfect execution of the mathematical pattern (the changes).

 In change ringing, the beauty is in the mathematical patterns (permutations) being executed perfectly.

 If I choose sense 1, it means "completeness pertaining to mathematics."
 If I choose sense 5, it means "completeness characterized by exactness."

 Given that change ringing is literally based on mathematical principles (group theory, permutations), sense 1 is very plausible.

 However, sense 5 is also plausible because the emphasis is on the precision and exactness of the performance.

 Let me see if I can find how WordNet distinguishes these.

 Sense 1 is the "pertainym" - the basic relational sense.
 Sense 5 is a "similar to" sense - metaphorical extension meaning "exact."

 In many WSD tasks, "mathematical precision" would be sense 5, while "mathematical formula" would be sense 1.

 "Mathematical completeness" is more abstract. But given the context of "mechanical perfection" and "faultlessly performed," the emphasis is on the quality of exactness.

 Also, looking at the synonyms for sense 2: "numerical" - this is about numbers, not relevant here.

 I think the best answer is sense 5.

 Wait, I should double-check the sense indices. The user lists them as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. I need to return the index number.

 Sense 1: mathematical%3:01:00::
 Sense 2: mathematical%3:00:00::
 Sense 3: mathematical%5:00:00:unquestionable:00
 Sense 4: mathematical%5:00:00:possible:00
 Sense 5: mathematical%5:00:00:exact:00

 So if I choose sense 5, I return {"sense_index": 5}.

 But let me reconsider one more time. Is there any chance it's sense 1?

 "Mathematical completeness" - if this means "the completeness that is mathematics" or "completeness of a mathematical nature," then yes, sense 1.

 But the phrase "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" suggests two parallel qualities. "Mechanical" describes the type of perfection (mechanical/physical). "Mathematical" describes the type of completeness (mathematical/abstract).

 However, "mathematical" could be describing the nature of the completeness - that it is like mathematics (exact, systematic).

 I think the key is the word "perfection" nearby. The ringers seek perfection - both mathematical and mechanical. This suggests that "mathematical" here has the connotation of "perfect, exact" - which is sense 5.

 Also, the phrase "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" supports the idea of exactness and precision (sense 5) rather than just "related to math" (sense 1).

 Therefore, I choose sense 5.

 Final check: Could it be sense 3 (beyond question)? "Mathematical completeness" = unquestionable completeness? This is a stretch. Sense 3 is specifically for "certainty" and similar concepts. Completeness is not typically modified by "mathematical" to mean "unquestionable" in the way certainty is.

 So, sense 5 is the best choice.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Phala

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: completeness
Target surface form: completeness
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical <t>completeness</t> and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=completeness%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed
2. sense_key=completeness%1:07:00:: | definition=(logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the system

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "completeness" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:

 The passage is about church bell ringing (change ringing). It describes the technical aspects of ringing bells, where ringers use ropes to control bells mounted on wheels, swinging them through 360 degrees, timing their pulls to swap places with other bells in specific patterns.

 The key sentence is: "English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical <t>completeness</t> and mechanical perfection.'"

 The phrase is "mathematical completeness". This is an important clue. The context suggests precision, exactness, faultless performance, intricate ritual, and mathematical patterns.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=completeness%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed
    - This is the general sense of being whole, entire, not missing parts.
    - Synonyms likely include: wholeness, entireness, integrity.

 2. sense_key=completeness%1:07:00:: | definition=(logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the system
    - This is a technical logical/mathematical sense from logic and mathematics.
    - This refers to logical completeness (Gödel's incompleteness theorem type of completeness).

 The phrase "mathematical completeness" strongly suggests sense 2, the technical logical/mathematical sense. In mathematics and logic, "completeness" has a specific technical meaning about systems being able to derive all truths or propositions being derivable from axioms.

 However, let me reconsider. The context is about change ringing, which involves permutations of bells. The "mathematical completeness" might refer to completing a full set of changes (a "peal" or "extent") where all possible permutations are rung without repetition.

 In change ringing, a "peal" or "extent" is a performance where all possible permutations of the bells are rung exactly once. This would constitute "mathematical completeness" in the sense of completing the entire set of mathematical possibilities - having everything that is needed (all permutations).

 But wait, let's look at WordNet sense 1: "the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed"
 And sense 2: "(logic) an attribute of a logical system..."

 The phrase "mathematical completeness" could be interpreted in two ways:
 1. The general sense of wholeness/entirety applied to mathematics (completing the full set)
 2. The technical logical sense of completeness (axiomatic completeness)

 Given that Dorothy L. Sayers was referring to the intricate, faultless performance of ringing patterns where all the mathematical permutations are executed perfectly, and given the contrast with "mechanical perfection", this seems to emphasize the wholeness, entirety, and faultlessness of the execution - having all parts present and correct.

 However, "mathematical completeness" is a technical term. Let me think about WordNet's specific senses.

 Sense 1 (completeness%1:26:00::) is the general sense: "the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed"
 Sense 2 (completeness%1:07:00::) is the logic sense: "(logic) an attribute of a logical system..."

 In the context of Dorothy L. Sayers' quote about ringing, she is describing the satisfaction found in the mathematical precision and the completeness of the system/pattern. Change ringing is deeply mathematical - it's about permutations. The "completeness" here likely refers to completing a "peal" or "extent" which covers all possible changes (permutations).

 But is this the logical sense (sense 2) or the general sense (sense 1)?

 The logical sense (sense 2) is very specific to formal logic: "a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms"

 This doesn't seem to fit the context of bell ringing. The bell ringing context is about the aesthetic/technical satisfaction of performing all the changes in a method, the wholeness of the performance, the fact that nothing is missing.

 The phrase "mathematical completeness" here is likely using "completeness" in the general sense (sense 1) but modifying it with "mathematical" to indicate the domain. Just like we might say "mathematical precision" - precision is the concept, mathematical describes the type.

 Alternatively, it could be using "completeness" as a technical mathematical concept. But WordNet's sense 2 is specifically about logical systems and derivability from axioms, which is quite narrow.

 Let me check the WordNet entry for completeness to see if there's a mathematical sense that isn't logic-specific.

 WordNet 3.1 or similar:
 - completeness (n)
   1. the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed
   2. (logic) an attribute of a logical system that is so constituted that a contradiction arises if any proposition is introduced that cannot be derived from the axioms of the system

 So there are only two senses. The second one is specifically marked as (logic).

 In the context: "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"

 "Mechanical perfection" suggests faultless execution, precision, exactness.
 "Mathematical completeness" parallels this - it suggests the wholeness, the entire set, nothing missing, the full realization of the mathematical pattern.

 This aligns with sense 1: the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed.

 The "mathematical" aspect refers to the combinatorial nature of change ringing (permutations of bell orders). Completing a peal means ringing all possible permutations (or a specific subset according to method rules) without error - thus achieving "completeness" in the sense of having everything needed, being entire.

 Sense 2 (logic) is too narrow and technical. It refers to syntactic completeness or similar logical properties, not to the general concept of finishing a set of permutations or achieving wholeness in a mathematical structure.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.

 Wait, let me reconsider. The user says "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."

 I should consider if "mathematical completeness" is being used in a technical sense here.

 Dorothy L. Sayers wrote "The Nine Tailors" which is about bell ringing. In that novel, she discusses change ringing extensively. The "completeness" here refers to the completion of a peal or the exhaustive nature of the permutations.

 But WordNet sense 2 is specifically: "(logic) an attribute of a logical system..." - this is about formal logical completeness (like Gödel completeness), not general mathematical completeness (like having a complete graph, or a complete set).

 In mathematics generally, "completeness" can mean:
 1. Logical completeness (sense 2)
 2. Metric completeness (complete metric spaces - Cauchy sequences converge)
 3. Order completeness (Dedekind completeness)
 4. General: having all necessary parts

 But WordNet only lists two senses, and only one is marked as (logic). The general sense (sense 1) would cover the metaphorical extension to mathematical structures being "complete" in the sense of having all elements/parts.

 Given the context of "mechanical perfection" paired with "mathematical completeness", and the description of "intricate ritual faultlessly performed", this emphasizes the perfection, wholeness, and entirety of the execution - nothing missing, nothing wrong.

 This is sense 1.

 However, I want to double-check. Could sense 2 be intended? The definition says "(logic) an attribute of a logical system..." but bell ringing isn't a logical system in the formal sense. It's a mechanical/mathematical system of permutations.

 Moreover, sense 2 is specifically about deriving propositions from axioms and contradictions arising - this has no relevance to the context.

 Therefore, sense 1 is definitely the correct choice.

 Final check:
 - Sense 1: the state of being complete and entire; having everything that is needed
   - Fits: the ringing pattern is complete (all bells accounted for, all changes rung), the ritual is complete, it has everything needed.
 - Sense 2: logic-specific
   - Does not fit: not talking about logical derivability from axioms.

 Answer: sense_index: 1

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mechanical
Target surface form: mechanical
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and <t>mechanical</t> perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mechanical%3:00:00:: | definition=using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices | examples=a mechanical process; his smile was very mechanical
2. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or concerned with machinery or tools | synonyms=mechanically skillful | examples=mechanical arts; mechanical design
3. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics | examples=a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance; the mechanical pressure of a strong wind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "mechanical" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The context describes bell ringers performing intricate, precise movements with ropes and bells. The target word appears in a quote from Dorothy L. Sayers describing ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."

The phrase "mechanical perfection" here suggests something about precision, automation-like exactness, or machine-like regularity and precision. The ringing involves "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" - suggesting precision, regularity, and exactness similar to how a machine operates.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=mechanical%3:00:00:: | definition=using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices | examples=a mechanical process; his smile was very mechanical
   - This sense seems to relate to being automatic, machine-like, or lacking spontaneity. The example "his smile was very mechanical" suggests something done without feeling, automatic, or stiff.

2. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or concerned with machinery or tools | synonyms=mechanically skillful | examples=mechanical arts; mechanical design
   - This is about the field of mechanics, engineering, or working with machines/tools.

3. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics | examples=a belief that the universe is a a mechanical contrivance; the mechanical pressure of a strong wind
   - This relates to the laws of mechanics/physics, or physical forces.

Now, analyzing the specific usage: "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"

The ringing is described as having "mathematical completeness" (precise, ordered, systematic) and "mechanical perfection" (perfect like a machine, precise, regular, automatic in its excellence).

This usage aligns best with sense 1: "using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices" - specifically the "as if using" part. The perfection is described as "mechanical" meaning it resembles the precision and regularity of a mechanism or machine. The ringing is performed by humans but achieves a machine-like precision and regularity.

Sense 2 would imply the perfection is related to machinery or tools themselves, which doesn't fit as well - it's not about mechanical arts or design.

Sense 3 would imply it's about physical forces or the laws of mechanics, which also doesn't fit perfectly.

Sense 1 captures the idea of something being machine-like in its precision and regularity - "as if using mechanisms" - which matches the context of the intricate, precisely timed bell ringing that follows mathematical patterns.

The example "a mechanical process" from sense 1 also fits well with the idea of the bell ringing being a process with mechanical perfection - i.e., process-like, systematic, machine-like precision.

Therefore, the best choice is sense 1 (index 1).

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: perfection
Target surface form: perfection
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical <t>perfection</t>. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perfection%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being without a flaw or defect | synonyms=flawlessness, ne plus ultra
2. sense_key=perfection%1:09:00:: | definition=an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept | synonyms=paragon, idol, beau ideal
3. sense_key=perfection%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making something perfect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "perfection" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about church bell ringing.
- Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."
- Ringers are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=perfection%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being without a flaw or defect | synonyms=flawlessness, ne plus ultra
   - This refers to the quality or state of being perfect - flawlessness.
   - In the context: "mechanical perfection" - this suggests the mechanics of bell ringing are without flaw, operating flawlessly.
   - "faultlessly performed" supports this - the ritual is performed without faults.

2. sense_key=perfection%1:09:00:: | definition=an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept | synonyms=paragon, idol, beau ideal
   - This would mean something that perfectly embodies a concept, like a perfect example.
   - "Mechanical perfection" here doesn't seem to mean a specific ideal instance or embodiment, but rather the quality of being perfect.

3. sense_key=perfection%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making something perfect
   - This refers to the process/activity of perfecting something.
   - The context doesn't talk about the act of making something perfect, but rather the state/quality of being perfect ("mechanical perfection" parallels "mathematical completeness").

"Mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" - these are both states or qualities. The ringing is described as having these qualities. The phrase "faultlessly performed" also points to the execution being without flaw.

Sense 1 (the state of being without a flaw or defect) fits best. "Mechanical perfection" means the mechanics are flawless. This is about the quality/state of the performance/mechanics.

Sense 2 would be if it were something like "the bell ringer is the perfection of grace" - meaning an ideal embodiment. But "mechanical perfection" is not an ideal instance; it's a state of flawlessness.

Sense 3 would require an action of making something perfect, which doesn't fit.

So the answer should be sense_index: 1.

Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys and their indices. The user lists:
1. sense_key=perfection%1:26:00::
2. sense_key=perfection%1:09:00::
3. sense_key=perfection%1:04:00::

So index 1 is the first one listed, index 2 is the second, index 3 is the third.

I need to return {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me reconsider if there's any ambiguity. "Mechanical perfection" could theoretically be interpreted as "the act of making something mechanically perfect" (sense 3), but that's a stretch. The parallel structure with "mathematical completeness" strongly suggests both are abstract nouns denoting states/qualities. "Completeness" is a state/quality, so "perfection" here should also be a state/quality (sense 1).

Also, "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" reinforces the idea of flawlessness (sense 1).

Yes, sense 1 is definitely the best fit.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: Ringers
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "<t>Ringers</t>, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "Ringers" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about people ringing church bells
 - It mentions "the snaking of the ropes", "bells themselves", "muffled by the ceiling"
 - It describes "the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it 'rope-sight') to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls"
 - It mentions "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells"
 - It talks about "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing"
 - It mentions Dorothy L. Sayers describing ringing as related to church bells
 - It mentions "Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
    - This matches perfectly. The context is clearly about people who ring church bells (change ringing). The text mentions bells, belfry, ropes, and the activity of ringing bells in a church context.

 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
    - This doesn't fit. The context is not about look-alikes or identical people.

 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
    - This doesn't fit. There's no mention of competitions or false pretenses.

 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
    - This doesn't fit. While this is a valid sense of "ringer" (in the game of horseshoes), the context is clearly about bell ringing, not horseshoes.

 The correct sense is clearly sense 1: a person who rings church bells.

 The target word is "Ringers" (plural), and the context describes people ringing church bells in a belfry, using ropes, with mentions of "bell ringer" type activities.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: add
Target surface form: added
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she <t>added</t>, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter
2. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
3. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
4. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
5. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
6. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "added" in the given context. The target lemma is "add" and the surface form is "added".

 Let me analyze the context:

 The passage is about church bell ringing. It quotes Dorothy L. Sayers describing ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." Then it says: "Ringers, she <t>added</t>, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"

 So here, "she added" means she said further, she continued speaking, she appended this statement to her previous statement.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter
 - This is about physically or metaphorically adding something to increase quantity/size. Not quite right for speech.

 2. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
 - This fits perfectly. "State or say further" - she stated further, she added (said) something additional to her previous quote.

 3. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
 - This is about contributing a quality. Not right.

 4. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
 - Mathematical addition. Not relevant.

 5. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
 - Also mathematical/totalling. Not relevant.

 6. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation
 - This is an intransitive use meaning "to contribute to" or "be an addition to". The example shows "add to". But in our case, "she added" is transitive with a direct quote following.

 The context shows: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with...'"
 This is clearly the sense of saying something further, appending a statement to what was previously said.

 Sense 2 is the correct one: "state or say further" with synonyms append, supply.

 The JSON output should be: {"sense_index": 2}

 Wait, let me double-check the sense numbering. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=add%2:30:00::
 2. sense_key=add%2:32:01::
 3. sense_key=add%2:40:00::
 4. sense_key=add%2:31:00::
 5. sense_key=add%2:32:00::
 6. sense_key=add%2:42:00::

 So sense_index should be 2.

 Let me verify the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand them correctly.
 - add%2:32:01:: is "state or say further"
 - add%2:32:00:: is "determine the sum of"

 Yes, 2:32:01 is the one about saying something additionally.

 The context is quoting someone speaking, then indicating that the person said something further ("she added"). This matches sense 2 perfectly.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: filled
Target surface form: filled
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "<t>filled</t> with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=filled%5:00:01:full:00 | definition=(usually followed by `with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with | examples=theirs was a house filled with laughter; a large hall filled with rows of desks
2. sense_key=filled%3:44:00:: | definition=of purchase orders that have been filled
3. sense_key=filled%5:00:00:occupied:00 | definition=(of time) taken up | examples=well-filled hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "filled" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"
- This describes ringers being filled with a feeling/emotion (solemn intoxication)
- The structure is "filled with" + emotion/feeling

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=filled%5:00:01:full:00 | definition=(usually followed by `with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with | examples=theirs was a house filled with laughter; a large hall filled with rows of desks
   - This sense means being full of something, generously supplied with something
   - The example shows "filled with laughter" - an emotion/feeling
   - The target context has "filled with the solemn intoxication" - also an emotion/feeling
   - This matches the pattern "filled with" + abstract noun (intoxication)

2. sense_key=filled%3:44:00:: | definition=of purchase orders that have been filled
   - This is about commercial orders being completed/filled
   - Doesn't match the context at all (talking about emotions of bell ringers)

3. sense_key=filled%5:00:00:occupied:00 | definition=(of time) taken up | examples=well-filled hours
   - This is about time being occupied
   - Doesn't match the context (not talking about time)

The best match is clearly sense 1. The context describes people being filled with an emotion/intoxication, which matches the pattern of "generously supplied with" (in this case, metaphorically full of a feeling). The example "filled with laughter" is very similar to "filled with... intoxication" in the target sentence.

Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: solemn
Target surface form: solemn
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the <t>solemn</t> intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=solemn%5:00:00:serious:00 | definition=dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises | synonyms=grave, sedate, sober | examples=a grave God-fearing man; a quiet sedate nature
2. sense_key=solemn%5:00:01:serious:00 | definition=characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions | synonyms=earnest, sincere | examples=both sides were deeply in earnest, even passionate; an entirely sincere and cruel tyrant

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "solemn" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about church bell ringing
- Dorothy L. Sayers describes ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"
- Ringers are described as "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed"
- The context suggests a serious, dignified, ritualistic atmosphere
- The word "solemn" modifies "intoxication" here, describing a state of being deeply absorbed in a serious, ritualistic activity

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

Sense 1: solemn%5:00:00:serious:00
- Definition: dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises
- Synonyms: grave, sedate, sober
- Examples: a grave God-fearing man; a quiet sedate nature

Sense 2: solemn%5:00:01:serious:00
- Definition: characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions
- Synonyms: earnest, sincere
- Examples: both sides were deeply in earnest, even passionate; an entirely sincere and cruel tyrant

Analysis:
- In the context, "solemn intoxication" refers to the feeling of being deeply absorbed in an intricate ritual (bell ringing)
- The sense here is about dignity, seriousness, and ritualistic gravity rather than being about firm belief in opinions
- "Solemn" in this context captures the ceremonial, dignified, serious nature of the ritual
- The phrase "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" supports the "dignified and somber" aspect of sense 1
- While "intoxication" usually implies excitement, "solemn intoxication" suggests a serious, grave, deeply absorbed state - matching sense 1's "dignified and somber" meaning
- Sense 2 focuses on being earnest/sincere in beliefs, which doesn't fit as well with the ritualistic context

The context emphasizes:
- The ritual nature of bell ringing
- Mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection
- Intricate ritual faultlessly performed
- A dignified, serious atmosphere (no one speaks, totally absorbed)

This aligns better with sense 1 (dignified and somber) than sense 2 (firm belief in opinions).

Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.

Wait, I need to check the sense keys carefully. The user provided:
1. sense_key=solemn%5:00:00:serious:00
2. sense_key=solemn%5:00:01:serious:00

So I should return {"sense_index": 1}

Let me double-check:
- Sense 1: "dignified and somber" - fits the ritual context, the gravity of the occasion, the "intricate ritual"
- Sense 2: "characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions" - this is about being earnest or sincere in one's convictions, which doesn't fit the description of an intoxication/feelings from performing a ritual

Yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come
Target surface form: comes
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that <t>comes</t> of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "comes" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that <t>comes</t> of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"

 The phrase is "comes of" - this is an idiomatic expression meaning "results from" or "is the product of".

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. move toward, travel toward - doesn't fit
 2. reach a destination - doesn't fit
 3. come to pass; arrive, as in due course - doesn't fit well
 4. reach or enter a state - "comes to a boil" - not quite right
 5. to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience - This looks promising. "Comes of" means results from.
 6. be found or available - doesn't fit
 7. come forth - doesn't fit
 8. be a native of - doesn't fit
 9. extend or reach - doesn't fit
 10. exist or occur in a certain point in a series - doesn't fit
 11. cover a certain distance - doesn't fit
 12. come under, be classified - doesn't fit
 13. happen as a result - examples: Nothing good will come of this - This is also very close!
 14. add up in number - doesn't fit
 15. develop into - doesn't fit
 16. be received - doesn't fit
 17. come to one's mind - doesn't fit
 18. come from; be connected by a relationship of blood - "he comes from humble origins" - close but not quite
 19. proceed or get along - doesn't fit
 20. experience orgasm - doesn't fit
 21. have a certain priority - doesn't fit

 Now I need to decide between sense 5 and sense 13.

 Sense 5: come%2:42:05:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
 Sense 13: come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this

 The phrase in the text is "comes of intricate ritual". This is similar to "come of" in sense 13's example "Nothing good will come of this". However, sense 5 has examples like "Melons come from a vine" and "Understanding comes from experience".

 Actually, looking closely:
 - Sense 5: "to be the product or result" - this is about origin/source. "Understanding comes from experience" - this indicates the source.
 - Sense 13: "happen as a result" - this is about consequence/outcome. "Nothing good will come of this" - this indicates what will result from this.

 In the sentence: "the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual"
 This means the intoxication that results from intricate ritual, or the intoxication that is the product of intricate ritual.

 Both could work, but let's look at the specific wording. "Comes of" is often used to mean "results from" or "is produced by".

 Sense 5 examples: "Melons come from a vine" (origin/source), "Understanding comes from experience" (origin/source)
 Sense 13 examples: "Nothing good will come of this" (result/consequence)

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 Sense 5 (come%2:42:05) is typically "come from" = be the product/result.
 Sense 13 (come%2:30:13) is "come of" = happen as a result.

 But wait, the example for sense 13 is specifically "Nothing good will come of this", which matches the syntactic structure "comes of intricate ritual" perfectly.

 However, sense 5 is "to be the product or result" with synonyms "follow". The example "Understanding comes from experience" is semantically very similar to "intoxication comes of intricate ritual".

 Let me check the WordNet sense keys more carefully. In WordNet:
 - "come of" is often sense 13: "happen as a result"
 - "come from" (origin) is often sense 5 or 18

 But looking at the definitions:
 Sense 5: "to be the product or result" - this is about being derived from something.
 Sense 13: "happen as a result" - this is about occurring as a consequence.

 In the context: "solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual"
 This means the intoxication is produced by/caused by the ritual. It's the result of the ritual.

 Sense 13 seems to fit best because:
 1. The example "Nothing good will come of this" uses the exact phrasing "come of"
 2. The meaning is "happen as a result" - the intoxication happens as a result of the ritual

 However, sense 5 also fits because:
 1. "Understanding comes from experience" - similar structure (comes from vs comes of)
 2. "to be the product or result" - the intoxication is the product of the ritual

 But "comes of" is an idiom meaning "results from" or "is the consequence of". In WordNet, this is typically handled by sense 13.

 Let me reconsider the indexing. The user provides the sense keys. Let me look at the specific sense keys:

 5. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
 13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this

 The verb frame for "come of" in WordNet is typically sense 13. The example "Nothing good will come of this" is the classic example for this sense.

 The phrase "comes of intricate ritual" means "results from intricate ritual" or "is caused by intricate ritual".

 Therefore, sense 13 is the best match.

 Wait, I should double-check if there's any other sense. What about sense 18?
 18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins

 This is about ancestry/origin, not about a state/condition resulting from an activity.

 So it's between 5 and 13.

 Sense 5 focuses on being the product (e.g., melons from a vine).
 Sense 13 focuses on happening as a result (e.g., nothing good will come of this).

 In the text, "intoxication" is a state/feeling that results from the ritual. It's not a physical product like melons, but an abstract result. "Happen as a result" seems more appropriate for an abstract state like intoxication than "be the product" (though both could work).

 Also, the specific collocation "comes of" matches the example in sense 13 "will come of this" better than sense 5 which uses "come from".

 Therefore, I choose sense 13.

 Wait, I need to be careful. The user says "Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense."

 Let me verify once more. The sentence is: "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed"

 This is a somewhat literary/archaic use of "come of" meaning "arise from" or "result from".

 In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
 - Sense 13 (come%2:30:13) is "happen as a result" with example "Nothing good will come of this"
 - Sense 5 (come%2:42:05) is "to be the product or result" with example "Melons come from a vine"

 Actually, looking at the WordNet database structure online or from memory:
 The sense "come of" = result from is usually sense number 13 in WordNet 3.0.

 The sense "come from" = originate from is sense 5 or 18.

 Given the specific phrasing "comes of", sense 13 is the correct choice.

 Final check: Is there any other sense that could fit?
 Sense 3: "come to pass; arrive, as in due course" - no
 Sense 4: "reach or enter a state" - "came to understand" - no
 Sense 7: "come forth" - "A scream came from" - no

 So yes, sense 13 is the best choice.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 13}

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ritual
Target surface form: ritual
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate <t>ritual</t> faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ritual%1:04:00:: | definition=any customary observance or practice | synonyms=rite
2. sense_key=ritual%1:04:01:: | definition=the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
3. sense_key=ritual%1:04:02:: | definition=stereotyped behavior

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ritual" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The passage is about church bell ringing
 - It describes the intricate process of bell ringing with specific techniques ("rope-sight", timing pulls, using wrists to advance or retard swings)
 - Dorothy L. Sayers is quoted describing ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"
 - The quote continues: ringers are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed"
 - The ritual here refers to the elaborate, precise, ceremonial practice of bell ringing

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=ritual%1:04:00:: | definition=any customary observance or practice | synonyms=rite
    - This is a general sense - any customary practice
    - While bell ringing could be considered a customary practice, the context emphasizes the intricate, ceremonial, and mechanical perfection aspects

 2. sense_key=ritual%1:04:01:: | definition=the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
    - This specifically refers to religious ceremonies
    - The context mentions church bells and belfry, which suggests a religious setting
    - However, the focus seems to be on the mechanical/technical procedure of ringing itself rather than the religious ceremony per se
    - But wait, bell ringing in churches is typically part of religious services/observances

 3. sense_key=ritual%1:04:02:: | definition=stereotyped behavior
    - This refers to repetitive, fixed patterns of behavior (often used in psychology/anthropology for repetitive actions)
    - This seems too negative or clinical for the context, which describes the practice as a "passion" with "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"

 Let me reconsider sense 1 vs sense 2:

 Sense 1: "any customary observance or practice" - very broad
 Sense 2: "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies" - specific to religious context

 The context mentions:
 - "church bells"
 - "belfry"
 - "St. Mary Abbot" (a church)
 - The ringing is described as having "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"
 - It's called an "intricate ritual"

 However, looking closely at the quote: "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" - this seems to emphasize the ceremonial, prescribed nature of the activity. Church bell ringing is indeed a ceremonial practice with prescribed procedures.

 But let me think about whether this is specifically about "religious ceremonies" (sense 2) or just "customary observance" (sense 1).

 Actually, looking at WordNet's actual sense distinctions:
 - Sense 1 (ritual%1:04:00::) is the broader sense - any customary observance or practice
 - Sense 2 (ritual%1:04:01::) is specifically the prescribed procedure for religious ceremonies
 - Sense 3 (ritual%1:04:02::) is stereotyped behavior (like animal rituals or repetitive human behaviors)

 In the context, while it takes place in a church, the ritual being described is the bell ringing itself - which is a customary practice with intricate rules and mechanical precision. However, church bell ringing is typically considered a religious ritual or ceremony.

 But wait, looking at the quote again: "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" - Dorothy L. Sayers is describing the bell ringing as a ritual. Is bell ringing a "religious ceremony" or just a "customary observance"?

 In WordNet, sense 2 specifically mentions "prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies." Bell ringing is often part of religious ceremonies, but the ringing itself might be considered the ritual.

 However, looking at typical usage:
 - Sense 1 is the hypernym - any customary observance
 - Sense 2 is specific to religious contexts
 - Sense 3 is for stereotyped/repetitive behaviors

 Given that this is happening in a church (St. Mary Abbot), involves church bells, and is described as having "solemn intoxication," this strongly suggests a religious or ceremonial context.

 But I need to be careful. The text emphasizes the mechanical perfection and mathematical completeness. It describes a very specific technical practice.

 Let me look at the synonyms provided:
 - Sense 1: rite
 - Sense 2: (no synonym listed in the prompt)
 - Sense 3: (no synonym listed)

 "Rite" is a synonym for sense 1. A "rite" can be religious or secular.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet definitions:
 - ritual%1:04:00:: = any customary observance or practice (hypernym)
 - ritual%1:04:01:: = the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
 - ritual%1:04:02:: = stereotyped behavior

 In the context of "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" regarding church bell ringing, this is likely sense 1 or sense 2.

 But consider: the text says ringers are filled with "solemn intoxication" from the "intricate ritual." This suggests a ceremonial, almost religious experience, but is it referring to the religious ceremony sense or the general customary practice sense?

 Church bell ringing is a traditional English practice with specific rules and methods. It is often considered a ritual in the sense of a ceremonial practice (sense 1), but since it takes place in a religious context, it could be sense 2.

 However, sense 2 specifically refers to "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies" - i.e., the ritual is the procedure for the ceremony. Bell ringing is often part of the ceremony, but is it the procedure for conducting the ceremony, or is it a customary observance associated with the church?

 Actually, looking at WordNet examples might help (though not provided here). Typically:
 - Sense 1: "the rite of baptism", "the ritual of the feast"
 - Sense 2: "the ritual of the Catholic Mass"
 - Sense 3: "the mating ritual of the honeybee"

 Given the emphasis on "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" and the intricate technical details (rope-sight, timing pulls, etc.), this seems to describe the bell ringing as a complex customary practice/observance.

 But the phrase "solemn intoxication" and the church setting suggest religious connotations.

 Let me reconsider the three senses more carefully:

 Sense 1: "any customary observance or practice" - This is broad. Birthday parties are rituals. Tea ceremonies are rituals. Bell ringing is a ritual.

 Sense 2: "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies" - This is narrower. This is specifically about how to perform religious ceremonies (like the order of mass, the steps of a wedding ceremony, etc.).

 Sense 3: "stereotyped behavior" - This is for repetitive, fixed action patterns (often biological or psychological).

 Now, is bell ringing a "customary observance" (sense 1) or a "prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies" (sense 2)?

 Bell ringing in churches is often considered a religious ritual or ceremony in itself, or part of one. However, the text emphasizes the technical skill and mechanical perfection, which aligns with sense 1 (a practice/observance) more than sense 2 (procedure for ceremonies).

 But actually, looking at the quote structure: "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" - this could fit either.

 However, I think sense 1 is the better fit because:
 1. While it takes place in a church, the ritual being described is the bell ringing itself - a customary observance with intricate rules
 2. Sense 2 is very specific to "conducting religious ceremonies" - the steps one follows to perform a ceremony. Bell ringing accompanies ceremonies but is more of a practice/art form.
 3. The mention of "mathematical completeness" suggests a systematic practice rather than just a religious procedure.

 Wait, I should check if there's a distinction in WordNet where sense 2 is specifically for the religious service procedures.

 Actually, looking at typical WSD for "ritual":
 - If it's about a religious service/mass: sense 2
 - If it's about a customary practice/tradition: sense 1
 - If it's about repetitive behavior: sense 3

 In this context, "intricate ritual" in the context of bell ringing in a church... I think sense 1 is actually the intended answer because bell ringing is being described as a passionate practice with mechanical perfection, not specifically as a procedure for conducting a religious ceremony.

 But I'm uncertain. Let me think about the phrase "solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed." This sounds like it could be describing a religious ceremony.

 However, looking at the broader context: the passage describes the technical aspects of bell ringing in detail. It calls ringing a "passion" with "mathematical completeness." This suggests that "ritual" here refers to the customary practice of ringing bells with all its intricate rules.

 Also, sense 1 has the synonym "rite" which fits well with bell ringing as a "rite" or traditional practice.

 I think sense 1 is the best answer: "any customary observance or practice."

 But let me double-check: could it be sense 3 (stereotyped behavior)? No, that's clearly wrong. It's not about repetitive stereotyped behavior in the psychological sense.

 So it's between 1 and 2.

 Given that the text emphasizes the skill, precision, and customary nature of the practice ("intricate ritual"), and describes it as a passion, I believe sense 1 is the correct choice. The religious context is the setting, but the word "ritual" is referring to the practice of bell ringing as a customary observance.

 Wait, I want to reconsider. In WordNet, sense 1 is the hypernym. Sense 2 is a hyponym (specifically religious). The question asks for the "best indexed sense."

 If bell ringing is considered a religious ritual, then sense 2 would be appropriate. But is it?

 Church bell ringing is indeed often considered a religious ritual. However, the text focuses on the mechanical and mathematical aspects.

 Let me look for clues in the text: "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" - the word "intricate" suggests complexity and detail, which fits with "customary observance or practice" (sense 1) or "prescribed procedure" (sense 2).

 But "prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies" (sense 2) seems to refer to the order of service, the liturgy, etc. Bell ringing is an activity that might accompany this, but is it the procedure for the ceremony?

 Actually, change ringing (which this is describing with the ropes, wheels, and mathematical changes) is a specific English tradition. It is often considered a ritual in the sense of a traditional practice (sense 1).

 I think I should go with sense 1.

 But I want to be careful. The user said "Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense."

 Let me reconsider sense 2. If the bell ringing is part of the religious ceremony, and follows prescribed procedures, then sense 2 could fit. But the text describes it as a "passion" and mentions "mathematical completeness," which makes it sound like an end in itself, not just a procedure for conducting a ceremony.

 Also, the phrase "customary observance" (sense 1) fits well with the description of a traditional English practice with specific rules.

 I will choose sense 1.

 Wait, I should verify the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the numbering correctly.

 The user provided:
 1. sense_key=ritual%1:04:00::
 2. sense_key=ritual%1:04:01::
 3. sense_key=ritual%1:04:02::

 In WordNet:
 - ritual%1:04:00:: = any customary observance or practice
 - ritual%1:04:01:: = the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
 - ritual%1:04:02:: = stereotyped behavior

 Yes.

 Given the context emphasizes the intricate, customary, traditional nature of bell ringing as a practice/observance, and the religious aspect is more of a setting than the definition of the ritual itself (the ritual is the bell ringing practice), I choose sense 1.

 Final check: Could the "intricate ritual" refer to the religious service? The quote says ringers are filled with solemn intoxication from the intricate ritual. The ringers are performing the bell ringing. So the ritual is the bell ringing. Bell ringing is a customary observance/practice (sense 1).

 Yes, sense 1.

provider: DeepInfra