[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: smell
Target surface form: smell
Context:
I rode it out on the second floor of Leo's at 55th and Telegraph in Oakland. I heard parts of the building above my head cracking. I actually thought that I might die. I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible <t>smell</t> of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=smell%1:09:02:: | definition=the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are stimulated by particular chemicals in gaseous form | synonyms=odor, odour, olfactory sensation, olfactory perception | examples=she loved the smell of roses
2. sense_key=smell%1:07:00:: | definition=any property detected by the olfactory system | synonyms=olfactory property, aroma, odor, odour, scent
3. sense_key=smell%1:26:00:: | definition=the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people | synonyms=spirit, tone, feel, feeling, flavor, flavour | examples=the feel of the city excited him; a clergyman improved the tone of the meeting
4. sense_key=smell%1:09:01:: | definition=the faculty that enables us to distinguish scents | synonyms=sense of smell, olfaction, olfactory modality
5. sense_key=smell%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of perceiving the odor of something | synonyms=smelling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "smell" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The speaker is describing an earthquake experience
- They mention "a horrible smell of gas" when passing the Chevron refinery
- This refers to the physical sensation/perception of gas in the air
- The gas is described as having a horrible smell - this is the odor itself, not the act of smelling, not the faculty of smell, and not the abstract atmosphere

Candidate sense analysis:
1. sense_key=smell%1:09:02:: - "the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are stimulated by particular chemicals in gaseous form" - This refers to the sensation/odor itself. Examples mention "smell of roses". This fits "smell of gas" well.

2. sense_key=smell%1:07:00:: - "any property detected by the olfactory system" - This refers to the property of a thing (like the smell property). Synonyms include aroma, odor, scent. This is the quality/property sense.

3. sense_key=smell%1:26:00:: - "the general atmosphere..." - This is metaphorical, like "the smell of danger" or atmosphere. Not physical gas odor.

4. sense_key=smell%1:09:01:: - "the faculty that enables us to distinguish scents" - This is the sense of smell (ability), not the odor itself.

5. sense_key=smell%1:04:00:: - "the act of perceiving the odor of something" - This is the action/activity of smelling.

Now, between senses 1 and 2:
- Sense 1 (09:02): "the sensation that results..." - This is the concrete sensation, the experience of the odor.
- Sense 2 (07:00): "any property detected..." - This is the property/quality of the thing causing the smell.

In the context "horrible smell of gas", this refers to the odor/sensation of gas. However, looking at WordNet distinctions:
- Sense 1 (1:09:02) is usually the physical sensation/odor (countable/uncountable noun referring to the specific odor)
- Sense 2 (1:07:00) is the property (like "the flower has a sweet smell")

Actually, looking carefully:
Sense 1:09:02 - "the sensation that results when olfactory receptors..." - This is the perceptual experience.
Sense 1:07:00 - "any property detected by the olfactory system" - This is the objective property.

In "horrible smell of gas", it could be argued either way, but typically "smell of gas" refers to the odor/sensation (sense 1). The example "she loved the smell of roses" matches exactly with "horrible smell of gas".

Sense 2 examples would be more like "The flower has a strong smell" referring to the property.

Also, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
- 1:09:02 is under noun.cognition (09) - sensation/perception
- 1:07:00 is under noun.attribute (07) - property/attribute

The phrase "horrible smell of gas" is referring to the specific odor/sensation experienced, not the abstract property. Also, sense 1 has examples "she loved the smell of roses" which parallels "horrible smell of gas" perfectly.

Therefore, sense 1 (smell%1:09:02::) is the best choice.

Wait, I need to check the sense indices. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=smell%1:09:02::
2. sense_key=smell%1:07:00::
3. sense_key=smell%1:26:00::
4. sense_key=smell%1:09:01::
5. sense_key=smell%1:04:00::

So I should return {"sense_index": 1} if I choose the first one.

Let me double-check:
- "There was a horrible smell of gas" - clearly referring to the odor/perfume/aroma (though negative)
- This is the sensation resulting from olfactory receptors being stimulated.

Yes, sense 1 is correct.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: gas
Target surface form: gas
Context:
I rode it out on the second floor of Leo's at 55th and Telegraph in Oakland. I heard parts of the building above my head cracking. I actually thought that I might die. I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of <t>gas</t> as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=gas%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity; relatively great expansion and contraction with changes in pressure and temperature; the ability to diffuse readily; and the spontaneous tendency to become distributed uniformly throughout any container | synonyms=gaseous state
2. sense_key=gas%1:27:00:: | definition=a fluid in the gaseous state having neither independent shape nor volume and being able to expand indefinitely
3. sense_key=gas%1:27:02:: | definition=a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines | synonyms=gasoline, gasolene, petrol
4. sense_key=gas%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of excessive gas in the alimentary canal | synonyms=flatulence, flatulency
5. sense_key=gas%1:06:00:: | definition=a pedal that controls the throttle valve | synonyms=accelerator, accelerator pedal, gas pedal, throttle, gun | examples=he stepped on the gas
6. sense_key=gas%1:27:03:: | definition=a fossil fuel in the gaseous state; used for cooking and heating homes | synonyms=natural gas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "gas" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The speaker is describing riding out an earthquake (implied by "I rode it out", "parts of the building above my head cracking", "brave the storm")
 - They mention passing "the Chevron refinery"
 - They mention a "horrible smell of gas"
 - Chevron is an oil/gas company that operates refineries
 - Refineries process petroleum/crude oil into various products including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, etc.
 - The smell of gas near a refinery suggests either:
   1. Gasoline (petrol) - sense 3
   2. Natural gas - sense 6
   3. General gaseous state - sense 1 or 2

 Let's look at the candidates:

 1. sense_key=gas%1:26:00:: - "the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states..." - This is the physical state of matter. While technically correct that gas has a smell, this is too generic. The context suggests a specific type of gas from a refinery.

 2. sense_key=gas%1:27:00:: - "a fluid in the gaseous state having neither independent shape nor volume..." - Again, very generic physical definition.

 3. sense_key=gas%1:27:02:: - "a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines" - synonyms: gasoline, gasolene, petrol. This fits well with a refinery context. Refineries produce gasoline, and gasoline has a distinctive smell. In American English, "gas" commonly refers to gasoline (petrol).

 4. sense_key=gas%1:26:01:: - "a state of excessive gas in the alimentary canal" - flatulence. Not relevant here.

 5. sense_key=gas%1:06:00:: - "a pedal that controls the throttle valve" - the gas pedal. Not relevant here (it's a smell, not a pedal).

 6. sense_key=gas%1:27:03:: - "a fossil fuel in the gaseous state; used for cooking and heating homes" - natural gas. While refineries do deal with natural gas, and natural gas can leak and smell (though usually odorless but with added mercaptans for smell), the primary product associated with the smell at a refinery is more likely gasoline/petroleum products. However, natural gas is also a possibility.

 Between sense 3 (gasoline) and sense 6 (natural gas):
 - The context mentions a "Chevron refinery"
 - Chevron refineries process crude oil into gasoline, diesel, etc.
 - The smell of "gas" near a refinery is most commonly referring to gasoline/petroleum vapors
 - In American English, when people say "smell of gas" near a refinery or gas station, they usually mean gasoline
 - However, natural gas is also processed at refineries and has a smell (when mercaptan is added)

 But looking at the definitions:
 - Sense 3: gasoline (petrol) - specifically for internal combustion engines
 - Sense 6: natural gas - for cooking and heating

 The mention of "Chevron refinery" strongly suggests petroleum refining, which produces gasoline. The smell described is likely gasoline vapors or similar petroleum products.

 Also, in the context of an earthquake (implied by the cracking building, Marina District fire reference which is from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake), there could be ruptured gas lines, but the specific mention of the refinery points to industrial petroleum products.

 Actually, looking more carefully: "Chevron refinery" - Chevron operates the Richmond Refinery in California, which is indeed near the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge mentioned in the text. This refinery processes crude oil into gasoline, diesel, etc.

 The "smell of gas" in this context is almost certainly referring to gasoline (petrol) or petroleum vapors, not natural gas. While natural gas might be present, the primary association with a petroleum refinery is... petroleum products, including gasoline.

 Therefore, sense 3 (gas%1:27:02::) is the best fit.

 Wait, let me reconsider. Could it be natural gas? Natural gas is also processed at refineries. But the definition of sense 6 specifically mentions "used for cooking and heating homes" which doesn't fit the refinery context as well. Sense 3 mentions "derived from petroleum" and "used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines" which fits the refinery context perfectly.

 Also, in American English, "gas" as a short form of "gasoline" is extremely common, and gasoline has a very strong, distinctive smell that would be noticeable when passing a refinery.

 Decision: sense_index 3.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: ModelRun

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pass
Target surface form: passed
Context:
I rode it out on the second floor of Leo's at 55th and Telegraph in Oakland. I heard parts of the building above my head cracking. I actually thought that I might die. I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I <t>passed</t> the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pass%2:38:00:: | definition=go across or through | synonyms=go through, go across | examples=We passed the point where the police car had parked; A terrible thought went through his mind
2. sense_key=pass%2:38:05:: | definition=move past | synonyms=travel by, pass by, surpass, go past, go by | examples=A black limousine passed by when she looked out the window; He passed his professor in the hall
3. sense_key=pass%2:41:02:: | definition=make laws, bills, etc. or bring into effect by legislation | synonyms=legislate | examples=They passed the amendment; We cannot legislate how people spend their free time
4. sense_key=pass%2:38:03:: | definition=pass by | synonyms=elapse, lapse, slip by, glide by, slip away, go by | examples=three years elapsed
5. sense_key=pass%2:40:00:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=hand, reach, pass on, turn over, give | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
6. sense_key=pass%2:42:08:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, go, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
7. sense_key=pass%2:38:01:: | definition=travel past | synonyms=overtake, overhaul | examples=The sports car passed all the trucks
8. sense_key=pass%2:30:00:: | definition=come to pass | synonyms=happen, hap, go on, pass off, occur, fall out | examples=What is happening?; The meeting took place off without an incidence
9. sense_key=pass%2:41:04:: | definition=go unchallenged; be approved | synonyms=clear | examples=The bill cleared the House
10. sense_key=pass%2:42:00:: | definition=pass time in a specific way | synonyms=spend | examples=how are you spending your summer vacation?
11. sense_key=pass%2:35:00:: | definition=pass over, across, or through | synonyms=guide, run, draw | examples=He ran his eyes over her body; She ran her fingers along the carved figurine
12. sense_key=pass%2:32:01:: | definition=transmit information | synonyms=communicate, pass on, pass along, put across | examples=Please communicate this message to all employees; pass along the good news
13. sense_key=pass%2:30:01:: | definition=disappear gradually | synonyms=evanesce, fade, blow over, pass off, fleet | examples=The pain eventually passed off
14. sense_key=pass%2:41:08:: | definition=go successfully through a test or a selection process | synonyms=make it | examples=She passed the new Jersey Bar Exam and can practice law now
15. sense_key=pass%2:42:04:: | definition=be superior or better than some standard | synonyms=exceed, transcend, overstep, go past, top | examples=She exceeded our expectations; She topped her performance of last year
16. sense_key=pass%2:41:07:: | definition=accept or judge as acceptable | examples=The teacher passed the student although he was weak
17. sense_key=pass%2:41:11:: | definition=allow to go without comment or censure | examples=the insult passed as if unnoticed
18. sense_key=pass%2:40:02:: | definition=transfer to another; of rights or property | examples=Our house passed under his official control
19. sense_key=pass%2:38:02:: | definition=pass into a specified state or condition | synonyms=sink, lapse | examples=He sank into nirvana
20. sense_key=pass%2:40:01:: | definition=throw (a ball) to another player | examples=Smith passed
21. sense_key=pass%2:40:13:: | definition=be inherited by | synonyms=fall, return, devolve | examples=The estate fell to my sister; The land returned to the family
22. sense_key=pass%2:38:04:: | definition=cause to pass | synonyms=make pass | examples=She passed around the plates
23. sense_key=pass%2:32:00:: | definition=grant authorization or clearance for | synonyms=authorize, authorise, clear | examples=Clear the manuscript for publication; The rock star never authorized this slanderous biography
24. sense_key=pass%2:30:11:: | definition=pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life | synonyms=die, decease, perish, go, exit, pass away | examples=She died from cancer; The children perished in the fire
25. sense_key=pass%2:29:00:: | definition=eliminate from the body | synonyms=excrete, egest, eliminate | examples=Pass a kidney stone

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the target word "passed" in the given context.

 Target lemma: pass
 Target surface form: passed
 Context: A narrative about surviving an earthquake, where the narrator mentions: "There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge."

 The context describes the narrator moving from one location to another, specifically passing by the Chevron refinery while driving (implied by the mention of crossing the bridge).

 Let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. pass%2:38:00:: - go across or through (examples: We passed the point where the police car had parked) - This suggests traversing or going through something.

 2. pass%2:38:05:: - move past (examples: A black limousine passed by when she looked out the window; He passed his professor in the hall) - This suggests going by a location or object.

 3. pass%2:41:02:: - make laws (irrelevant)

 4. pass%2:38:03:: - pass by (elapse) - about time passing (irrelevant)

 5. pass%2:40:00:: - hand/give (irrelevant)

 6. pass%2:42:08:: - stretch out/extend (irrelevant)

 7. pass%2:38:01:: - travel past (overtake) - This suggests overtaking something in movement.

 8. pass%2:30:00:: - come to pass (happen) (irrelevant)

 9. pass%2:41:04:: - be approved (irrelevant)

 10. pass%2:42:00:: - spend time (irrelevant)

 11. pass%2:35:00:: - pass over/across/through (guide) (irrelevant)

 12. pass%2:32:01:: - transmit information (irrelevant)

 13. pass%2:30:01:: - disappear gradually (irrelevant)

 14. pass%2:41:08:: - pass a test (irrelevant)

 15. pass%2:42:04:: - exceed (irrelevant)

 16. pass%2:41:07:: - accept/judge acceptable (irrelevant)

 17. pass%2:41:11:: - allow to go without comment (irrelevant)

 18. pass%2:40:02:: - transfer rights (irrelevant)

 19. pass%2:38:02:: - pass into a state (irrelevant)

 20. pass%2:40:01:: - throw ball (irrelevant)

 21. pass%2:40:13:: - be inherited (irrelevant)

 22. pass%2:38:04:: - cause to pass (irrelevant)

 23. pass%2:32:00:: - authorize (irrelevant)

 24. pass%2:30:11:: - die (irrelevant)

 25. pass%2:29:00:: - eliminate from body (irrelevant)

 Now between senses 1, 2, and 7 which are movement related:

 Sense 1: go across or through - examples mention passing a point, going through something (like a thought). This could work for passing a refinery if going through it, but typically you pass by a refinery.

 Sense 2: move past - examples: "A black limousine passed by when she looked out the window; He passed his professor in the hall". This fits well with driving past the Chevron refinery.

 Sense 7: travel past (overtake) - examples: "The sports car passed all the trucks". This implies overtaking, moving faster than something else. The context doesn't suggest overtaking the refinery, just going by it.

 Sense 1 (go across or through) vs Sense 2 (move past):
 - Sense 1 examples: "We passed the point where the police car had parked" - this is passing a point/location.
 - Sense 2 examples: "He passed his professor in the hall" - passing a person, "A black limousine passed by when she looked out the window" - passing by a location from the perspective of observer.

 Actually, looking carefully:
 Sense 1: pass%2:38:00:: "go across or through" - synonyms: go through, go across. This seems like traversing.
 Sense 2: pass%2:38:05:: "move past" - synonyms: travel by, pass by, surpass, go past, go by.
 Sense 7: pass%2:38:01:: "travel past" - synonyms: overtake, overhaul. This is clearly about overtaking.

 In the context: "as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge" - this describes the narrator driving by the refinery. The Chevron refinery is a large facility that one drives past on the way to the bridge.

 Sense 2 "move past" with synonyms "travel by, pass by" seems most appropriate. The phrase "passed the Chevron refinery" means went by it, moved past it.

 Sense 1 could potentially work ("go across or through"), but typically you don't go THROUGH a refinery, you go past it. Also the example "We passed the point" is similar, but "move past" (sense 2) with "travel by" seems more precise for passing a landmark while driving.

 Wait, let me look at the WordNet definitions more carefully:

 Sense 1: "go across or through" (pass%2:38:00::)
 Sense 2: "move past" (pass%2:38:05::)
 Sense 7: "travel past" (pass%2:38:01::) - specifically about overtaking

 Actually, looking at the synonym differences:
 - Sense 2 has "pass by, go past"
 - Sense 1 has "go across, go through"

 In the sentence "I passed the Chevron refinery", this most naturally means "I went by the refinery" or "I traveled past the refinery". This aligns with Sense 2.

 However, I should check if Sense 1 could apply. If you're driving on a highway and pass a refinery, you are traveling past it. The distinction between Sense 1 and Sense 2 is subtle.

 Sense 1: pass%2:38:00:: - "We passed the point where the police car had parked" - passing a point.
 Sense 2: pass%2:38:05:: - "A black limousine passed by when she looked out the window" - passing by a location; "He passed his professor in the hall" - passing a person.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
 - Sense 1 (pass%2:38:00) is often used for passing through a barrier, checkpoint, or traversing a medium.
 - Sense 2 (pass%2:38:05) is moving past something/someone.

 The Chevron refinery is a large industrial complex. When driving by it, you pass it (go past it). This is Sense 2.

 Also, the preposition "before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge" indicates a sequence of travel: passed the refinery, then crossed the bridge. This is consistent with traveling along a route and passing landmarks.

 Therefore, Sense 2 is the best choice.

 Sense index 2 corresponds to pass%2:38:05::.

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=pass%2:38:00::
 2. sense_key=pass%2:38:05::
 3. sense_key=pass%2:41:02::
 etc.

 So sense_index should be 2.

 But let me verify Sense 7 again to make sure it's not better. Sense 7 is "travel past" with synonyms "overtake, overhaul". This is definitely about overtaking in a race or on the road (passing slower vehicles). You don't overtake a refinery. So Sense 7 is wrong.

 Sense 1: "go across or through" - could work if the meaning is traversing the area of the refinery, but typically you pass by it, not through it.

 So yes, sense_index: 2.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cross
Target surface form: crossing
Context:
I rode it out on the second floor of Leo's at 55th and Telegraph in Oakland. I heard parts of the building above my head cracking. I actually thought that I might die. I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before <t>crossing</t> the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cross%2:38:00:: | definition=travel across or pass over | synonyms=traverse, track, cover, pass over, get over, get across | examples=The caravan covered almost 100 miles each day
2. sense_key=cross%2:38:03:: | definition=meet at a point | synonyms=intersect
3. sense_key=cross%2:41:00:: | definition=hinder or prevent (the efforts, plans, or desires) of | synonyms=thwart, queer, spoil, scotch, foil, frustrate | examples=What ultimately frustrated every challenger was Ruth's amazing September surge; foil your opponent
4. sense_key=cross%2:38:04:: | definition=fold so as to resemble a cross | examples=she crossed her legs
5. sense_key=cross%2:42:00:: | definition=to cover or extend over an area or time period; , | synonyms=traverse, span, sweep | examples=Rivers traverse the valley floor; The parking lot spans 3 acres
6. sense_key=cross%2:38:01:: | definition=meet and pass | examples=the trains crossed
7. sense_key=cross%2:36:09:: | definition=trace a line through or across | examples=cross your `t'
8. sense_key=cross%2:35:00:: | definition=breed animals or plants using parents of different races and varieties | synonyms=crossbreed, hybridize, hybridise, interbreed | examples=cross a horse and a donkey; Mendel tried crossbreeding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "crossing" (which is a form of the lemma "cross") in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The speaker is describing a journey during a storm (likely an earthquake given the mention of building cracking, Marina District fire - this sounds like the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake)
- The sentence is: "There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before <t>crossing</t> the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge."
- So the action is: passing over/across the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=cross%2:38:00:: | definition=travel across or pass over | synonyms=traverse, track, cover, pass over, get over, get across | examples=The caravan covered almost 100 miles each day
   - This seems to fit: traveling across the bridge.

2. sense_key=cross%2:38:03:: | definition=meet at a point | synonyms=intersect
   - This doesn't fit. The speaker isn't meeting the bridge at a point, they're traversing it.

3. sense_key=cross%2:41:00:: | definition=hinder or prevent...
   - Doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=cross%2:38:04:: | definition=fold so as to resemble a cross...
   - Doesn't fit (crossing legs).

5. sense_key=cross%2:42:00:: | definition=to cover or extend over an area or time period... | synonyms=traverse, span, sweep
   - This is about extending over, not traveling over. The subject of this sense is usually the thing that extends (like a bridge spanning a river), not a person traveling.

6. sense_key=cross%2:38:01:: | definition=meet and pass | examples=the trains crossed
   - This is about two things passing each other, not traversing a bridge.

7. sense_key=cross%2:36:09:: | definition=trace a line through or across...
   - Doesn't fit (writing).

8. sense_key=cross%2:35:00:: | definition=breed animals...
   - Doesn't fit.

So the best fit is sense 1: "travel across or pass over" - the speaker is traveling across the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge.

Wait, let me double-check sense 5 vs sense 1. Sense 5 says "to cover or extend over an area or time period" - this is about the bridge itself spanning the water, not about a person crossing the bridge. The example "Rivers traverse the valley floor" shows that the subject is the thing doing the covering/extending. In our sentence, the subject is "I" (implied), and "I" am crossing the bridge, not extending over an area.

Sense 1: "travel across or pass over" - the subject travels. Example: "The caravan covered almost 100 miles each day" - the caravan is traveling.

So yes, sense 1 is correct.

The target surface form is "crossing" which is the present participle/gerund form of "cross", but the sense is the same as the verb.

Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: see
Context:
I heard parts of the building above my head cracking. I actually thought that I might die. I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also <t>see</t> the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "see" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The narrator is describing a scene during/after an earthquake (mention of aftershocks, building cracking, storm, fire in Marina District)
 - "I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco"
 - This is describing visual perception - literally seeing clouds with one's eyes
 - The context is about physical observation during a traumatic event

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: - "perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight" - This fits perfectly. The narrator is literally seeing clouds with their eyes.
 2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: - "perceive (an idea or situation) mentally" - This is about understanding, not physical sight. Doesn't fit.
 3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: - "perceive or be contemporaneous with" - This is more about witnessing events as they happen, often with a sense of experiencing them unfolding. While close, the specific context here is about visual perception of clouds (static observation).
 4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: - "imagine; conceive of" - This is mental visualization, not actual seeing. Doesn't fit.
 5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: - "deem to be" - This is about considering/regarding. Doesn't fit.
 6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: - "get to know or become aware of" - This is about learning information. Doesn't fit.
 7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: - "see or watch" - This implies active watching/viewing, often of shows or events. While close, sense 1 is more basic visual perception.
 8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: - "come together" - Social meeting. Doesn't fit.
 9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: - "find out, learn, or determine" - About inquiry. Doesn't fit.
 10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: - "be careful or certain to do something" - Doesn't fit.
 11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: - "go to see for professional or business reasons" - Doesn't fit.
 12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: - "go to see for a social visit" - Doesn't fit.
 13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: - "go to see a place, as for entertainment" - Doesn't fit.
 14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: - "take charge of or deal with" - Doesn't fit.
 15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: - "receive as a specified guest" - Doesn't fit.
 16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: - "date regularly" - Doesn't fit.
 17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: - "see and understand, have a good eye" - This is about artistic or skilled perception. Doesn't fit here.
 18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: - "deliberate or decide" - Doesn't fit.
 19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: - "observe as if with an eye" - This is metaphorical (camera seeing). Doesn't fit.
 20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: - "observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect" - This implies careful examination. The context is just seeing clouds, not inspecting them.
 21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: - "go or live through" - This is about experiencing. While the narrator is experiencing an earthquake, "see" here specifically refers to visual perception of clouds.
 22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: - "accompany or escort" - Doesn't fit.
 23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: - "match or meet" - Doesn't fit.
 24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: - "make sense of; assign a meaning to" - Doesn't fit.

 The best fit is sense 1: "perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight". The context describes the narrator physically seeing clouds across the bay during a disaster scenario. This is basic visual perception.

 Sense 3 is also possible ("witness"), but sense 1 is more fundamental and accurate for simply seeing clouds. The examples for sense 1 include "Can you see the bird in that tree?" which is analogous to seeing clouds across the bay.

 Sense 7 is also close ("see or watch"), but implies more active viewing of entertainment or events, whereas this is just perceiving the visual scene.

 Therefore, sense index 1 is the best choice.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cloud
Target surface form: clouds
Context:
I heard parts of the building above my head cracking. I actually thought that I might die. I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the <t>clouds</t> across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cloud%1:19:01:: | definition=any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible
2. sense_key=cloud%1:17:00:: | definition=a visible mass of water or ice particles suspended at a considerable altitude
3. sense_key=cloud%1:26:01:: | definition=out of touch with reality | examples=his head was in the clouds
4. sense_key=cloud%1:26:02:: | definition=a cause of worry or gloom or trouble | examples=the only cloud on the horizon was the possibility of dissent by the French
5. sense_key=cloud%1:26:00:: | definition=suspicion affecting your reputation | examples=after that mistake he was under a cloud
6. sense_key=cloud%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of many things in the air or on the ground | synonyms=swarm | examples=a swarm of insects obscured the light; clouds of blossoms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "clouds" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The narrator is describing a disaster scenario (earthquake, fire)
- "I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco"
- This is describing visible smoke/dust from a fire

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=cloud%1:19:01:: | definition=any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible
   - This fits perfectly. The "clouds" here are from a fire (horrible fire), so they would be smoke/dust clouds.

2. sense_key=cloud%1:17:00:: | definition=a visible mass of water or ice particles suspended at a considerable altitude
   - This is the meteorological sense (weather clouds). But in the context of a fire, these are smoke clouds, not weather clouds.

3. sense_key=cloud%1:26:01:: | definition=out of touch with reality | examples=his head was in the clouds
   - Idiomatic sense, doesn't fit here.

4. sense_key=cloud%1:26:02:: | definition=a cause of worry or gloom or trouble | examples=the only cloud on the horizon was the possibility of dissent by the French
   - Metaphorical sense, doesn't fit the literal visual description.

5. sense_key=cloud%1:26:00:: | definition=suspicion affecting your reputation | examples=after that mistake he was under a cloud
   - Idiomatic sense about reputation, doesn't fit.

6. sense_key=cloud%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of many things in the air or on the ground | synonyms=swarm | examples=a swarm of insects obscured the light; clouds of blossoms
   - This is about a swarm/group of things. While "clouds of smoke" could potentially fit here, the specific mention of "from the horrible fire" suggests smoke/dust particles (sense 1) rather than a swarm/group sense. Also, sense 1 specifically mentions "smoke or dust" in the definition.

The context clearly describes smoke from a fire: "clouds across the bay from the horrible fire". This matches sense 1: "any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible".

Sense 1 is the best fit because:
- It explicitly mentions smoke as an example
- The context is about a fire producing visible smoke/dust clouds
- It's not weather clouds (sense 2)
- It's not metaphorical (senses 3, 4, 5)
- While sense 6 could theoretically apply to "clouds of smoke", sense 1 is more specific and accurate for smoke from a fire

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bay
Target surface form: bay
Context:
I heard parts of the building above my head cracking. I actually thought that I might die. I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the <t>bay</t> from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bay%1:17:00:: | definition=an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf | synonyms=embayment
2. sense_key=bay%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a hound on the scent
3. sense_key=bay%1:20:00:: | definition=small Mediterranean evergreen tree with small blackish berries and glossy aromatic leaves used for flavoring in cooking; also used by ancient Greeks to crown victors | synonyms=true laurel, bay laurel, bay tree, Laurus nobilis
4. sense_key=bay%1:06:02:: | definition=a compartment on a ship between decks; often used as a hospital | examples=they put him in the sick bay
5. sense_key=bay%1:06:01:: | definition=a compartment in an aircraft used for some specific purpose | examples=he opened the bomb bay
6. sense_key=bay%1:06:00:: | definition=a small recess opening off a larger room | synonyms=alcove
7. sense_key=bay%1:05:00:: | definition=a horse of a moderate reddish-brown color

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "bay" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The passage describes someone driving across the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge (which crosses San Francisco Bay)
 - They mention seeing "clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco"
 - The Marina District is in San Francisco, which is located on San Francisco Bay
 - The Richmond-San Rafael Bridge crosses San Francisco Bay, connecting Richmond (in the East Bay) to San Rafael (in Marin County)
 - The context clearly refers to a body of water - specifically San Francisco Bay

 Candidate senses evaluation:
 1. sense_key=bay%1:17:00:: | definition=an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf | synonyms=embayment
    - This matches perfectly. San Francisco Bay is a body of water that is an indentation of the shoreline.
    - "Embayment" confirms this is the geographical/geological sense.
    - The context mentions "across the bay" which fits with crossing a body of water (the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge crosses San Francisco Bay).

 2. sense_key=bay%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a hound on the scent
    - Doesn't fit. No mention of dogs or sounds.

 3. sense_key=bay%1:20:00:: | definition=small Mediterranean evergreen tree...
    - Doesn't fit. No mention of trees or cooking ingredients.

 4. sense_key=bay%1:06:02:: | definition=a compartment on a ship between decks...
    - Doesn't fit. Not on a ship, looking at clouds across a body of water.

 5. sense_key=bay%1:06:01:: | definition=a compartment in an aircraft...
    - Doesn't fit. Not in an aircraft.

 6. sense_key=bay%1:06:00:: | definition=a small recess opening off a larger room...
    - Doesn't fit. Not in a building/room context.

 7. sense_key=bay%1:05:00:: | definition=a horse of a moderate reddish-brown color
    - Doesn't fit. No mention of horses.

 The correct sense is clearly sense 1: the geographical feature (indentation of shoreline). The context mentions crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge (which spans San Francisco Bay) and seeing clouds across the bay from San Francisco.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fire
Target surface form: fire
Context:
I heard parts of the building above my head cracking. I actually thought that I might die. I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible <t>fire</t> in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fire%1:11:00:: | definition=the event of something burning (often destructive) | examples=they lost everything in the fire
2. sense_key=fire%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy | synonyms=firing | examples=hold your fire until you can see the whites of their eyes; they retreated in the face of withering enemy fire
3. sense_key=fire%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke | synonyms=flame, flaming | examples=fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries
4. sense_key=fire%1:06:00:: | definition=a fireplace in which a relatively small fire is burning | examples=they sat by the fire and talked
5. sense_key=fire%1:27:01:: | definition=once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
6. sense_key=fire%1:12:00:: | definition=feelings of great warmth and intensity | synonyms=ardor, ardour, fervor, fervour, fervency, fervidness | examples=he spoke with great ardor
7. sense_key=fire%1:27:00:: | definition=fuel that is burning and is used as a means for cooking | examples=put the kettle on the fire; barbecue over an open fire
8. sense_key=fire%1:11:01:: | definition=a severe trial | examples=he went through fire and damnation
9. sense_key=fire%1:10:00:: | definition=intense adverse criticism | synonyms=attack, flak, flack, blast | examples=Clinton directed his fire at the Republican Party; the government has come under attack

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "fire" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text describes a disaster scenario (building cracking, might die, brave the storm, aftershocks)
- Mentions "horrible smell of gas" at a refinery
- Mentions "clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco"
- Mentions aftershocks (earthquake context)
- This appears to be describing the aftermath of an earthquake (likely the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake which affected the Marina District in San Francisco)
- The "fire" here is clearly a destructive burning event in the Marina District

Analyzing the candidate senses:

1. fire%1:11:00:: - "the event of something burning (often destructive)" - examples: "they lost everything in the fire"
   - This fits well. It's describing a destructive fire event in the Marina District, seen from across the bay. The context mentions "horrible" and relates to a disaster (earthquake).

2. fire%1:04:00:: - "the act of firing weapons or artillery at an enemy" - synonyms: firing
   - Not relevant. No weapons or military context.

3. fire%1:22:00:: - "the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke" - synonyms: flame, flaming
   - This is more about the physical/chemical process of combustion. While technically related, the context emphasizes the destructive event ("horrible fire", "clouds across the bay from the horrible fire") rather than the combustion process itself.

4. fire%1:06:00:: - "a fireplace in which a relatively small fire is burning"
   - Not relevant. This is a small domestic fire in a fireplace, not a large district fire.

5. fire%1:27:01:: - "once thought to be one of four elements"
   - Not relevant. No philosophical/alchemical context.

6. fire%1:12:00:: - "feelings of great warmth and intensity"
   - Not relevant. This is metaphorical/emotional.

7. fire%1:27:00:: - "fuel that is burning and is used as a means for cooking"
   - Not relevant. Not about cooking.

8. fire%1:11:01:: - "a severe trial"
   - Metaphorical use ("through fire and damnation"). Here the fire is literal and visible from across the bay.

9. fire%1:10:00:: - "intense adverse criticism"
   - Not relevant. Not about criticism.

Between sense 1 and sense 3:
- Sense 1 focuses on the event of burning, often destructive
- Sense 3 focuses on the process of combustion

The context describes "the horrible fire in the Marina District" - this is referring to a specific destructive event (the fires that broke out in the Marina District after the 1989 earthquake). The phrase "clouds across the bay from the horrible fire" suggests smoke from a destructive fire event.

Sense 1 (fire%1:11:00::) is the best fit because:
1. It emphasizes the event nature (something burning)
2. It notes it's "often destructive" which matches the disaster context (earthquake, horrible smell, building cracking)
3. The example "they lost everything in the fire" aligns with the disaster scenario
4. It's referring to a specific incident/event (the Marina District fire) rather than the general process of combustion

Sense 3 would be more appropriate if talking about fire as a chemical phenomenon or discovery, but here it's a specific destructive incident.

The target is sense index 1.

Wait, looking at the sense keys:
1. sense_key=fire%1:11:00::
2. sense_key=fire%1:04:00::
3. sense_key=fire%1:22:00::
4. sense_key=fire%1:06:00::
5. sense_key=fire%1:27:01::
6. sense_key=fire%1:12:00::
7. sense_key=fire%1:27:00::
8. sense_key=fire%1:11:01::
9. sense_key=fire%1:10:00::

So index 1 corresponds to fire%1:11:00::.

Actually, looking carefully at the instructions, I need to return the sense index. The candidates are numbered 1-9, so I should return the number corresponding to the best sense.

Sense 1 is fire%1:11:00:: (the event of something burning)
Sense 3 is fire%1:22:00:: (the process of combustion)

I believe sense 1 is correct. The context describes a specific destructive fire event following an earthquake, not the general concept of combustion.

Double-checking: "the horrible fire in the Marina District" - this is clearly referring to the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake fires in the Marina District. This is a specific destructive event. Sense 1 is defined as "the event of something burning (often destructive)".

Yes, sense 1 is the best choice.

Wait, I should verify if there's any ambiguity with sense 8 (severe trial) or sense 3 (process).

Sense 8: "a severe trial" - example "he went through fire and damnation" - this is clearly metaphorical. The text describes literally seeing clouds from the fire across the bay, so it's literal.

Sense 3: "the process of combustion" - while technically correct that a fire involves combustion, WordNet distinguishes between the event (sense 1) and the process (sense 3). Given the context of a disaster, "event" is more appropriate.

Sense 1 also has the example "they lost everything in the fire" which aligns with the disaster narrative.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: feel
Target surface form: felt
Context:
I actually thought that I might die. I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have <t>felt</t> many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=feel%2:37:00:: | definition=undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind | synonyms=experience | examples=She felt resentful; He felt regret
2. sense_key=feel%2:31:00:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=find | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
3. sense_key=feel%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by a physical sensation, e.g., coming from the skin or muscles | synonyms=sense | examples=He felt the wind; She felt an object brushing her arm
4. sense_key=feel%2:29:00:: | definition=be conscious of a physical, mental, or emotional state | examples=My cold is gone--I feel fine today; She felt tired after the long hike
5. sense_key=feel%2:31:01:: | definition=have a feeling or perception about oneself in reaction to someone's behavior or attitude | examples=She felt small and insignificant; You make me feel naked
6. sense_key=feel%2:39:01:: | definition=undergo passive experience of: | examples=We felt the effects of inflation; her fingers felt their way through the string quartet
7. sense_key=feel%2:42:00:: | definition=be felt or perceived in a certain way | examples=The ground feels shaky; The sheets feel soft
8. sense_key=feel%2:39:10:: | definition=grope or feel in search of something | examples=He felt for his wallet
9. sense_key=feel%2:35:00:: | definition=examine by touch | synonyms=finger | examples=Feel this soft cloth!; The customer fingered the sweater
10. sense_key=feel%2:35:01:: | definition=examine (a body part) by palpation | synonyms=palpate | examples=The nurse palpated the patient's stomach; The runner felt her pulse
11. sense_key=feel%2:40:00:: | definition=find by testing or cautious exploration | examples=He felt his way around the dark room
12. sense_key=feel%2:39:09:: | definition=produce a certain impression | examples=It feels nice to be home again
13. sense_key=feel%2:35:11:: | definition=pass one's hands over the sexual organs of | examples=He felt the girl in the movie theater

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "felt" (lemma "feel") in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The speaker is describing their experience during/after an earthquake (mention of aftershocks, storm, fire in Marina District which references the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, house on stilts, back in knots, hands shaking)
 - The specific sentence: "I have <t>felt</t> many aftershocks."

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=feel%2:37:00:: - undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind (experience)
    - Examples: She felt resentful; He felt regret
    - This is about emotions/states of mind. While earthquakes are scary, "felt aftershocks" here seems to be about physical perception, not emotional.

 2. sense_key=feel%2:31:00:: - come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds (find)
    - Examples: I feel that he doesn't like me
    - This is about beliefs/intuitions. Not applicable here.

 3. sense_key=feel%2:39:00:: - perceive by a physical sensation, e.g., coming from the skin or muscles (sense)
    - Examples: He felt the wind; She felt an object brushing her arm
    - This involves actively perceiving something through physical sensation. Feeling aftershocks (tremors) fits here - perceiving the physical sensation of the earthquake.

 4. sense_key=feel%2:29:00:: - be conscious of a physical, mental, or emotional state
    - Examples: My cold is gone--I feel fine today; She felt tired
    - This is about being conscious of one's own state. While one could "feel" aftershocks as a state, this usually applies to internal states (tired, fine, cold) rather than external events like aftershocks.

 5. sense_key=feel%2:31:01:: - have a feeling or perception about oneself in reaction to someone's behavior or attitude
    - Examples: She felt small and insignificant
    - About self-perception in reaction to others. Not applicable.

 6. sense_key=feel%2:39:01:: - undergo passive experience of
    - Examples: We felt the effects of inflation; her fingers felt their way through the string quartet
    - This is about undergoing an experience. "Felt the effects" is different from feeling the physical sensation of aftershocks. The second example is about fingers feeling (grope/explore).

 7. sense_key=feel%2:42:00:: - be felt or perceived in a certain way
    - Examples: The ground feels shaky
    - This is intransitive or about how something is perceived. "I have felt many aftershocks" is active perception, not describing how the aftershocks feel.

 8. sense_key=feel%2:39:10:: - grope or feel in search of something
    - Examples: He felt for his wallet
    - Physical searching by touch. Not applicable.

 9. sense_key=feel%2:35:00:: - examine by touch (finger)
    - Examples: Feel this soft cloth!
    - Active examination. Not applicable to experiencing aftershocks.

 10. sense_key=feel%2:35:01:: - examine (a body part) by palpation (palpate)
    - Examples: The nurse palpated the patient's stomach
    - Medical examination. Not applicable.

 11. sense_key=feel%2:40:00:: - find by testing or cautious exploration
    - Examples: He felt his way around the dark room
    - Figurative or literal cautious movement. Not applicable.

 12. sense_key=feel%2:39:09:: - produce a certain impression
    - Examples: It feels nice to be home again
    - About giving an impression. Not applicable.

 13. sense_key=feel%2:35:11:: - pass one's hands over the sexual organs of
    - Clearly not applicable.

 Now between sense 3 and sense 4 (and maybe 6):

 Sense 3: "perceive by a physical sensation, e.g., coming from the skin or muscles" - synonyms=sense
 - This fits perfectly with feeling aftershocks (earthquake tremors). You physically sense them through your body/skin/muscles.

 Sense 4: "be conscious of a physical, mental, or emotional state"
 - This is more about internal states like "feel tired", "feel sick", "feel happy". Aftershocks are external events that you perceive.

 Sense 6: "undergo passive experience of"
 - While you do undergo aftershocks, the specific verb "felt" here is about the sensory perception of the ground shaking, not just undergoing the general experience. Also, the examples show "felt the effects" (abstract) or "felt their way" (different meaning).

 The best fit is sense 3: perceive by a physical sensation. When you feel an aftershock, you are perceiving the physical sensation of the ground moving, typically through your sense of touch/balance/proprioception.

 Wait, let me double-check the distinction between sense 3 and sense 4.

 Sense 3 examples: "He felt the wind; She felt an object brushing her arm"
 - These are transitive uses where the subject perceives an external object/force.

 Sense 4 examples: "My cold is gone--I feel fine today; She felt tired after the long hike"
 - These are intransitive or with adjectives describing state.

 In "I have felt many aftershocks", "aftershocks" is the direct object. So it's transitive. This aligns with sense 3 (perceive external sensation) rather than sense 4 (be conscious of one's own state).

 Also, sense 6: "undergo passive experience of" - examples: "We felt the effects of inflation; her fingers felt their way through the string quartet"
 - The first example is abstract. The second is about fingers exploring (which is actually closer to sense 8 or 11).
 - "Felt many aftershocks" is more about the physical perception of the tremors than just "undergoing" them in a passive experiential way.

 Sense 3 is the most accurate: perceiving the physical sensation of the aftershocks.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: back
Target surface form: back
Context:
I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks. My <t>back</t> is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=back%1:08:00:: | definition=the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine | synonyms=dorsum | examples=his back was nicely tanned
2. sense_key=back%1:06:00:: | definition=the side that goes last or is not normally seen | synonyms=rear | examples=he wrote the date on the back of the photograph
3. sense_key=back%1:15:02:: | definition=the part of something that is furthest from the normal viewer | synonyms=rear | examples=he stood at the back of the stage; it was hidden in the rear of the store
4. sense_key=back%1:18:00:: | definition=(football) a person who plays in the backfield
5. sense_key=back%1:08:01:: | definition=the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord | synonyms=spinal column, vertebral column, spine, backbone, rachis | examples=the fall broke his back
6. sense_key=back%1:06:03:: | definition=the protective covering on the front, back, and spine of a book | synonyms=binding, book binding, cover | examples=the book had a leather binding
7. sense_key=back%1:06:02:: | definition=the part of a garment that covers the back of your body | examples=they pinned a `kick me' sign on his back
8. sense_key=back%1:06:01:: | definition=a support that you can lean against while sitting | synonyms=backrest | examples=the back of the dental chair was adjustable
9. sense_key=back%1:04:00:: | definition=(American football) the position of a player on a football team who is stationed behind the line of scrimmage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "back" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The speaker is describing a traumatic experience (storm, earthquake/aftershocks, fire, gas smell)
 - Physical symptoms are described: "My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking"
 - "In knots" is an idiom meaning tense or cramped muscles
 - This is clearly referring to a body part experiencing physical tension/stress

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. back%1:08:00:: - the posterior part of a human body from neck to end of spine (dorsum). Example: "his back was nicely tanned". This fits the context of a body part that can be "in knots" (muscular tension).
 2. back%1:06:00:: - the side that goes last or is not normally seen (rear). This is for objects, not human body parts in this context.
 3. back%1:15:02:: - the part of something furthest from viewer. Again, for objects/locations, not the human body.
 4. back%1:18:00:: - football player. Irrelevant.
 5. back%1:08:01:: - the series of vertebrae (spinal column, spine, backbone). Example: "the fall broke his back". While related, "back is in knots" refers more to the muscular posterior part (sense 1) rather than specifically the skeletal structure (sense 5). However, both could potentially fit. But "in knots" usually refers to muscle tension in the back, not the spine itself.
 6. back%1:06:03:: - protective covering of a book. Irrelevant.
 7. back%1:06:02:: - part of a garment covering the back. While related to clothing, the context says "my back is in knots" referring to the body part itself, not the garment.
 8. back%1:06:01:: - support you lean against while sitting (backrest). Irrelevant.
 9. back%1:04:00:: - football position. Irrelevant.

 Comparison between sense 1 and sense 5:
 - Sense 1: "the posterior part of a human (or animal) body from the neck to the end of the spine" - this refers to the back as a body part/surface.
 - Sense 5: "the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton" - this refers specifically to the spine/vertebrae.

 The phrase "back is in knots" refers to the muscles of the back being tense/cramped. This aligns better with sense 1 (the posterior part of the body) rather than sense 5 (the skeletal structure). While the spine is part of the back, the muscular tension described by "in knots" targets the broader posterior body part (sense 1).

 Also, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1 example: "his back was nicely tanned" - refers to the body part/surface
 - Sense 5 example: "the fall broke his back" - refers to injury to the skeletal structure

 "In knots" is a muscular condition, not a skeletal one, so sense 1 is the best fit.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hand
Target surface form: hands
Context:
I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my <t>hands</t> are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hand%1:08:00:: | definition=the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb | synonyms=manus, mitt, paw | examples=he had the hands of a surgeon; he extended his mitt
2. sense_key=hand%1:18:00:: | definition=a hired laborer on a farm or ranch | synonyms=hired hand, hired man | examples=the hired hand fixed the railing; a ranch hand
3. sense_key=hand%1:10:00:: | definition=something written by hand | synonyms=handwriting, script | examples=she recognized his handwriting; his hand was illegible
4. sense_key=hand%1:09:00:: | definition=ability | examples=he wanted to try his hand at singing
5. sense_key=hand%1:15:00:: | definition=a position given by its location to the side of an object | examples=objections were voiced on every hand
6. sense_key=hand%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=deal | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=hand%1:09:01:: | definition=one of two sides of an issue | examples=on the one hand..., but on the other hand...
8. sense_key=hand%1:06:00:: | definition=a rotating pointer on the face of a timepiece | examples=the big hand counts the minutes
9. sense_key=hand%1:23:00:: | definition=a unit of length equal to 4 inches; used in measuring horses | examples=the horse stood 20 hands
10. sense_key=hand%1:18:02:: | definition=a member of the crew of a ship | examples=all hands on deck
11. sense_key=hand%1:18:01:: | definition=a card player in a game of bridge | synonyms=bridge player | examples=we need a 4th hand for bridge
12. sense_key=hand%1:10:01:: | definition=a round of applause to signify approval | examples=give the little lady a great big hand
13. sense_key=hand%1:05:01:: | definition=terminal part of the forelimb in certain vertebrates (e.g. apes or kangaroos); - Springfield (Mass.) Union | examples=the kangaroo's forearms seem undeveloped but the powerful five-fingered hands are skilled at feinting and clouting
14. sense_key=hand%1:04:00:: | definition=physical assistance | synonyms=helping hand | examples=give me a hand with the chores

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "hands" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The speaker is describing a traumatic experience (earthquake/storm)
 - "My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking"
 - This describes a physical reaction to stress/trauma
 - The speaker mentions feeling aftershocks, and their body is shaking

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=hand%1:08:00:: | definition=the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb | synonyms=manus, mitt, paw | examples=he had the hands of a surgeon; he extended his mitt
 - This refers to the physical body part at the end of the arm
 - "My hands are still shaking" - this clearly refers to the physical extremities shaking due to nervousness/fear

 2. sense_key=hand%1:18:00:: | definition=a hired laborer on a farm or ranch
 - Not relevant here

 3. sense_key=hand%1:10:00:: | definition=something written by hand
 - Not relevant

 4. sense_key=hand%1:09:00:: | definition=ability
 - "try his hand" - not relevant here

 5. sense_key=hand%1:15:00:: | definition=a position given by its location to the side of an object
 - Not relevant

 6. sense_key=hand%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game
 - Not relevant

 7. sense_key=hand%1:09:01:: | definition=one of two sides of an issue
 - Not relevant

 8. sense_key=hand%1:06:00:: | definition=a rotating pointer on the face of a timepiece
 - Not relevant

 9. sense_key=hand%1:23:00:: | definition=a unit of length
 - Not relevant

 10. sense_key=hand%1:18:02:: | definition=a member of the crew of a ship
 - Not relevant

 11. sense_key=hand%1:18:01:: | definition=a card player in a game of bridge
 - Not relevant

 12. sense_key=hand%1:10:01:: | definition=a round of applause
 - Not relevant

 13. sense_key=hand%1:05:01:: | definition=terminal part of the forelimb in certain vertebrates
 - This is specifically for animals like apes or kangaroos
 - The context is about a human ("my house", "I decided", "my back")

 14. sense_key=hand%1:04:00:: | definition=physical assistance
 - "give me a hand" - not relevant here

 The context clearly refers to the speaker's physical hands (body parts) shaking due to the traumatic experience of the earthquake/storm. This is sense 1: the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb.

 The sentence "my hands are still shaking" describes a physical symptom of stress/anxiety, referring to the anatomical hands.

 Therefore, the correct sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shake
Target surface form: shaking
Context:
I couldn't decide if I should come home to Marin, because my house is on stilts. I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still <t>shaking</t>. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shake%2:38:00:: | definition=move or cause to move back and forth | synonyms=agitate | examples=The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking
2. sense_key=shake%2:29:00:: | definition=move with or as if with a tremor | synonyms=didder | examples=his hands shook
3. sense_key=shake%2:38:01:: | definition=shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively | synonyms=judder | examples=The old engine was juddering
4. sense_key=shake%2:38:02:: | definition=move back and forth or sideways | synonyms=rock, sway | examples=the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed
5. sense_key=shake%2:30:00:: | definition=undermine or cause to waver | examples=my faith has been shaken; The bad news shook her hopes
6. sense_key=shake%2:37:00:: | definition=stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of | synonyms=stimulate, shake up, excite, stir | examples=These stories shook the community; the civil war shook the country
7. sense_key=shake%2:38:04:: | definition=get rid of | synonyms=shake off, throw off, escape from | examples=I couldn't shake the car that was following me
8. sense_key=shake%2:30:01:: | definition=bring to a specified condition by or as if by shaking | examples=He was shaken from his dreams; shake the salt out of the salt shaker
9. sense_key=shake%2:32:00:: | definition=shake (a body part) to communicate a greeting, feeling, or cognitive state | examples=shake one's head; She shook her finger at the naughty students

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "shaking" in the given context. The target lemma is "shake" and the surface form is "shaking".

Let me analyze the context:
- The narrator is describing experiencing aftershocks from an earthquake (implied by "aftershocks", "storm", "fire", "my house is on stilts")
- "My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking"
- "I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking"

So the context is about physical trembling of hands due to fear, stress, or physical reaction to earthquake aftershocks.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=shake%2:38:00:: | definition=move or cause to move back and forth | synonyms=agitate | examples=The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking
   - This includes the example "My hands were shaking" which matches exactly.
   - Definition: move or cause to move back and forth
   - This seems like a strong candidate.

2. sense_key=shake%2:29:00:: | definition=move with or as if with a tremor | synonyms=didder | examples=his hands shook
   - Definition specifically mentions tremor
   - Example: "his hands shook"
   - This also fits the physical trembling of hands from fear/stress.
   - "didder" is an alternative spelling of "dither" meaning to tremble

3. sense_key=shake%2:38:01:: | definition=shake or vibrate rapidly and intensely | synonyms=judder | examples=The old engine was juddering
   - This seems more about mechanical vibration (engine), not human hands trembling.

4. sense_key=shake%2:38:02:: | definition=move back and forth or sideways | synonyms=rock, sway | examples=the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed
   - This is more about large objects swaying/rocking, not hands shaking from nerves.

5. sense_key=shake%2:30:00:: | definition=undermine or cause to waver | examples=my faith has been shaken; The bad news shook her hopes
   - This is metaphorical/abstract, not physical.

6. sense_key=shake%2:37:00:: | definition=stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of | synonyms=stimulate, shake up, excite, stir | examples=These stories shook the community; the civil war shook the country
   - This is about emotional impact on others, not physical trembling.

7. sense_key=shake%2:38:04:: | definition=get rid of | synonyms=shake off, throw off, escape from | examples=I couldn't shake the car that was following me
   - Phrasal verb usage, not applicable here.

8. sense_key=shake%2:30:01:: | definition=bring to a specified condition by or as if by shaking | examples=He was shaken from his dreams; shake the salt out of the salt shaker
   - Causative or resultant state, not describing the state of shaking itself.

9. sense_key=shake%2:32:00:: | definition=shake (a body part) to communicate a greeting, feeling, or cognitive state | examples=shake one's head; She shook her finger at the naughty students
   - Intentional communication, not involuntary trembling.

So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

Sense 1: move or cause to move back and forth (syn: agitate)
Sense 2: move with or as if with a tremor (syn: didder)

The context describes hands shaking due to stress/fear from experiencing aftershocks. This is involuntary trembling/tremor.

Let me look more carefully at the distinction:
- Sense 1 (2:38:00) seems to be the more general physical movement sense. The example "My hands were shaking" is listed here.
- Sense 2 (2:29:00) specifically mentions "tremor" which is a medical/physical term for involuntary shaking.

Wait, let me check the WordNet hierarchy if possible. Since I can't access external WordNet right now, I need to rely on the definitions provided.

Sense 2 is defined as "move with or as if with a tremor" with example "his hands shook". This seems to specifically capture the involuntary trembling of hands due to cold, fear, or illness.

Sense 1 is "move or cause to move back and forth" with examples including "The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking". This seems broader, covering both voluntary and involuntary movement.

However, looking at the examples:
- Sense 1: "My hands were shaking" - this matches our context exactly in terms of phrasing
- Sense 2: "his hands shook" - this also matches

The distinction might be:
- Sense 1 is more about the back-and-forth motion (agitating)
- Sense 2 is specifically about trembling/tremors (diddering)

In the context of earthquake aftershocks and nervous reaction, "tremor" fits well. But "agitate" (sense 1) also fits for physical shaking.

Actually, looking at the verb frames:
- Sense 2:29:00 - this is under verb.motion? No, the numbers indicate:
  - 2:38 = verb.contact? No, in WordNet sense keys, the middle number is the lexicographer file number.
  - 38 = verb.contact
  - 29 = verb.body
  - 30 = verb.change
  - 37 = verb.emotion
  - 32 = verb.communication

Wait, looking at the sense keys:
- shake%2:38:00:: -> 38 is verb.contact
- shake%2:29:00:: -> 29 is verb.body

Sense 2 (2:29:00) being in verb.body makes sense for body trembling/tremors.
Sense 1 (2:38:00) in verb.contact might be more about manipulating objects?

Actually, looking at the examples:
Sense 1: "The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking"
Sense 2: "his hands shook"

Both have hands shaking examples. But sense 2 specifically mentions "tremor" and has synonym "didder" (which means to tremble/shake).

Given the context is about physical reaction to stress/aftershocks - involuntary trembling of hands - sense 2 seems most precise. The word "tremor" is key here, as aftershocks are tremors, and the narrator's hands are shaking with tremors.

However, I need to be careful. The example "My hands were shaking" appears in sense 1, not sense 2. But the example in sense 2 is "his hands shook".

Let me reconsider the nuance. In many dictionaries, "shake" when referring to hands trembling from fear, cold, or age is often distinguished from "shake" as in agitating an object.

Sense 2 is specifically about tremors (didder = tremble).
Sense 1 is about back-and-forth movement (agitate).

Given the context mentions "aftershocks" (which are tremors) and the body reacting with "shaking" that might be confused with aftershocks, the tremor sense (2:29:00) seems best.

But wait, looking at the exact wording: "my hands are still shaking" - this is described as being in knots (tense) from the stressful experience. This is physiological trembling.

Between the two:
- If I choose 1, I'm choosing the general back-and-forth motion
- If I choose 2, I'm choosing the specific tremor/body shaking

Given that 2 is categorized under verb.body (2:29) and specifically mentions tremor, while 1 is verb.contact (2:38) and mentions agitation, sense 2 is more appropriate for involuntary hand trembling due to stress.

But I should check if there's any reason to prefer 1. The example "My hands were shaking" appears explicitly in sense 1. However, the example "his hands shook" appears in sense 2. So both cover hands shaking.

The distinction is likely that sense 1 covers transitive shaking (shaking a flask) and general shaking, while sense 2 specifically covers the trembling/shaking of body parts due to physical conditions (cold, fear, etc.).

Given the context involves physical stress/trauma (aftershocks, back in knots), sense 2:29:00 is the most accurate.

Actually, looking carefully at the provided definitions again:
1. move or cause to move back and forth (syn: agitate) - examples include intentional (chemist) and unintentional (hands)
2. move with or as if with a tremor (syn: didder) - example: his hands shook

The key difference is "tremor" vs "back and forth". A tremor is a specific type of fine, rapid shaking associated with muscles, fatigue, fear, etc.

Given "My back is still in knots" (muscular tension) and the earthquake context (tremors), sense 2 is best.

Wait, I need to check the index numbers. The user asks for the "sense_index". Looking at the candidate list:
1. sense_key=shake%2:38:00::
2. sense_key=shake%2:29:00::
3. sense_key=shake%2:38:01::
4. sense_key=shake%2:38:02::
5. sense_key=shake%2:30:00::
6. sense_key=shake%2:37:00::
7. sense_key=shake%2:38:04::
8. sense_key=shake%2:30:01::
9. sense_key=shake%2:32:00::

So the indices are 1-9.

I think the answer is 2.

But let me double-check. Could it be 1?
"My hands were shaking" is in sense 1's examples.
"My hands are still shaking" in the text.

However, sense 2 is specifically dedicated to the trembling meaning (didder), while sense 1 is broader (agitate).

Also, look at the context: "I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking."
Aftershocks are tremors. So the body shaking is akin to tremors/aftershocks. This aligns with sense 2 "move with or as if with a tremor".

Therefore, sense_index: 2.

One final check: is there any other sense that could work?
Sense 4: move back and forth or sideways (rock, sway) - no, that's for buildings/ships.
Sense 9: shake a body part to communicate - no, that's intentional (shaking head/finger).

So it's definitely between 1 and 2. The specificity of "tremor" in sense 2 makes it the best choice for hands shaking from fear/stress in an earthquake context.

{"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: think
Target surface form: think
Context:
I decided to brave the storm. There was a horrible smell of gas as I passed the Chevron refinery before crossing the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge. I could also see the clouds across the bay from the horrible fire in the Marina District of San Francisco. I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I <t>think</t> a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking. 1:11 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=think%2:31:01:: | definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | synonyms=believe, consider, conceive | examples=I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart
2. sense_key=think%2:31:03:: | definition=expect, believe, or suppose | synonyms=opine, suppose, imagine, reckon, guess | examples=I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel; I thought to find her in a bad state
3. sense_key=think%2:31:00:: | definition=use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason in order to make inferences, decisions, or arrive at a solution or judgments | synonyms=cogitate, cerebrate | examples=I've been thinking all day and getting nowhere
4. sense_key=think%2:31:02:: | definition=recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection | synonyms=remember, retrieve, recall, call back, call up, recollect | examples=I can't remember saying any such thing; I can't think what her last name was
5. sense_key=think%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine or visualize | examples=Just think--you could be rich one day!; Think what a scene it must have been!
6. sense_key=think%2:31:09:: | definition=focus one's attention on a certain state | examples=Think big; think thin
7. sense_key=think%2:31:06:: | definition=have in mind as a purpose | synonyms=intend, mean | examples=I mean no harm; I only meant to help you
8. sense_key=think%2:31:12:: | definition=decide by pondering, reasoning, or reflecting | examples=Can you think what to do next?
9. sense_key=think%2:31:13:: | definition=ponder; reflect on, or reason about | examples=Think the matter through; Think how hard life in Russia must be these days
10. sense_key=think%2:31:15:: | definition=dispose the mind in a certain way | examples=Do you really think so?
11. sense_key=think%2:31:14:: | definition=have or formulate in the mind | examples=think good thoughts
12. sense_key=think%2:31:08:: | definition=be capable of conscious thought | examples=Man is the only creature that thinks
13. sense_key=think%2:30:00:: | definition=bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation | examples=She thought herself into a state of panic over the final exam

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "think" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The speaker is describing experiencing aftershocks from an earthquake.
- They say: "I have felt many aftershocks. My back is still in knots and my hands are still shaking. I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking."

The target usage: "I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking."

This is expressing an opinion or belief about the nature of some of the sensations. The speaker is suggesting a possibility - that some of what they felt as aftershocks might actually be their own body trembling.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=think%2:31:01:: | definition=judge or regard; look upon; judge | synonyms=believe, consider, conceive | examples=I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart
   - This fits well. "I think..." introducing a belief/opinion. The example "I think he is very smart" matches the structure "I think [proposition]". This sense involves regarding something as being the case.

2. sense_key=think%2:31:03:: | definition=expect, believe, or suppose | synonyms=opine, suppose, imagine, reckon, guess | examples=I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel; I thought to find her in a bad state
   - This also seems close. "expect, believe, or suppose" - the speaker is supposing that some aftershocks might be body shaking. The synonyms include "guess" and "suppose".

3. sense_key=think%2:31:00:: | definition=use or exercise the mind or one's power of reason... | synonyms=cogitate, cerebrate
   - This is about the general activity of thinking/reasoning, not about expressing a specific belief.

4. sense_key=think%2:31:02:: | definition=recall knowledge from memory... | synonyms=remember
   - Not relevant here. The speaker isn't trying to remember.

5. sense_key=think%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine or visualize
   - Not quite right. The speaker isn't imagining a hypothetical scenario; they're expressing a belief about reality.

6. sense_key=think%2:31:09:: | definition=focus one's attention on a certain state | examples=Think big; think thin
   - Not relevant.

7. sense_key=think%2:31:06:: | definition=have in mind as a purpose | synonyms=intend, mean
   - Not relevant. The speaker doesn't intend the aftershocks to be body shaking.

8. sense_key=think%2:31:12:: | definition=decide by pondering, reasoning, or reflecting
   - Not exactly. The speaker isn't deciding what to do next.

9. sense_key=think%2:31:13:: | definition=ponder; reflect on, or reason about
   - This would be "think about" something, not "think that" something is the case.

10. sense_key=think%2:31:15:: | definition=dispose the mind in a certain way | examples=Do you really think so?
    - This is about having a particular mental attitude/disposition.

11. sense_key=think%2:31:14:: | definition=have or formulate in the mind | examples=think good thoughts
    - Not quite right.

12. sense_key=think%2:31:08:: | definition=be capable of conscious thought
    - Not relevant (predicate about capability).

13. sense_key=think%2:30:00:: | definition=bring into a given condition by mental preoccupation
    - Not relevant.

Now between sense 1 and sense 2:

Sense 1: "judge or regard; look upon; judge" - synonyms: believe, consider, conceive
Sense 2: "expect, believe, or suppose" - synonyms: opine, suppose, imagine, reckon, guess

The distinction in WordNet:
- Sense 1 (think%2:31:01::) is typically used with a that-clause or object complement: "I think [that] he is smart", "I think [that] a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking"
- Sense 2 (think%2:31:03::) is often used with of/to or different constructions: "I thought to find her...", "I think not", or can be used with that-clauses but with a meaning closer to "suppose" or "expect"

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 1: "I think he is very smart; I believe her to be very smart"
- Sense 2: "I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel; I thought to find her in a bad state"

The construction "I think [that] X" where X is a proposition about reality is typically sense 1 in WordNet. Sense 2 is more about "supposing" or "expecting" often with a connotation of "guess" or "reckon".

However, looking closely at the glosses:
- Sense 1: "judge or regard; look upon; judge"
- Sense 2: "expect, believe, or suppose"

Both can take "that" clauses. But sense 1 is the primary sense for "hold as an opinion" or "believe". Sense 2 is more like "surmise" or "guess".

In the context: "I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking" - this is expressing a belief/consideration about the nature of the sensations. It's not exactly "judging" in the sense of forming a definitive opinion, but it is regarding something as possibly being the case.

Actually, looking at WordNet distinctions more carefully:
- Sense 1 (think%2:31:01::) maps to the "believe" sense - when you think something is true.
- Sense 2 (think%2:31:03::) maps to the "suppose" sense - when you think something might be the case, or you expect it.

The presence of "might" in the sentence ("might just be") suggests uncertainty, which might lean toward sense 2 (suppose). However, "I think" with a tentative proposition is still typically sense 1 in WordNet annotations.

Let me reconsider the examples:
- Sense 1: "I think he is very smart" - this is a belief/opinion
- Sense 2: "I imagine she earned a lot of money" - this is a supposition/guess

The speaker is saying that some aftershocks might be their body shaking. This is a hypothesis or supposition about what is happening. This could fit sense 2.

But actually, looking at standard WSD datasets (like SemCor or WordNet annotated corpora), "I think that..." constructions are almost always tagged with sense 1 (think%2:31:01::) when it means "believe/consider", even when the content is tentative.

Sense 2 is used more for:
- "I think I'll go" (expect/intend)
- "Who do you think did it?" (suppose/guess)
- "I thought as much" (suppose)

But "I think [that] X is Y" is typically sense 1.

The key distinction is:
- Sense 1: cognitive evaluation/judgment - "regard as", "consider to be"
- Sense 2: opining/supposing - "guess", "reckon", "imagine"

In this context, the speaker is evaluating/considering the possibility that the sensations are body shaking rather than aftershocks. This is a judgment about the nature of the experience.

However, looking at the specific wording "might just be", this introduces a speculative element. But I still think sense 1 is the better fit because it's the standard sense for "hold the opinion that" or "believe that".

Wait, I should check the WordNet sense keys more carefully. The numbers after the lemma indicate:
- %2:31:01 - verb (2), cognition (31), specific sense 01
- %2:31:03 - verb (2), cognition (31), specific sense 03

In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
- think%2:31:01:: is the "believe" sense (to have a belief)
- think%2:31:03:: is the "opine, suppose, imagine, reckon, guess" sense

The example for sense 2 includes "I thought to find her in a bad state" which is an expectation.

In the sentence: "I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking" - the speaker is not expecting this to be true, nor are they guessing in the sense of "I guess...". They are entertaining a possibility, which is a form of believing/considering that it might be the case.

Actually, looking at similar sentences in SemCor or other annotated corpora:
- "I think he is coming" -> sense 1
- "I think it will rain" -> could be sense 1 or 2 depending on whether it's belief or expectation

But "I think X might be Y" is typically sense 1 because it's about holding a belief/consideration, even if tentative.

Sense 2 is more like "I think [that/something]" where it means "guess" or "suppose" in the sense of "I suppose so" or "I guess".

Given the options, sense 1 (believe, consider, conceive) is the best fit for "I think [proposition]".

Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

Wait, I need to be careful. The user lists the senses with numbers 1-13. I need to return the index number from the list provided.

The list shows:
1. sense_key=think%2:31:01::
2. sense_key=think%2:31:03::
3. sense_key=think%2:31:00::
...

So if I choose sense 1, I return {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check if sense 2 could be better.
Definition: "expect, believe, or suppose"
The word "might" suggests the speaker is supposing something might be the case, not stating a firm belief.

However, in WordNet, sense 1 is the hypernym of sense 2 (I believe). Let me think about the hierarchy...

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- think%2:31:01:: (judge or regard) - this is the general "believe" sense
- think%2:31:03:: (expect, believe, or suppose) - this is more specific to expectation/supposition

But in usage, "I think" + clause is overwhelmingly sense 1.

Consider: "I think I'll go" - this is sense 2 (expect/intend).
But "I think it's raining" - this is sense 1 (believe).

In our sentence: "I think a few of the aftershocks might just be my body shaking" - this is similar to "I think it's raining" - it's a belief about the current state of affairs, even with "might". The "might" is part of the embedded clause, not modifying "think".

So yes, sense 1.

One more check: could it be sense 9 (ponder; reflect on)? No, that would be "think about".
Could it be sense 13? No.

So the answer is 1.

provider: AtlasCloud