[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's <t>church</t> bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "church" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's <t>church</t> bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."
 - The context is about church bells not being rung because there aren't enough ringers.
 - The phrase is "church bells" - specifically talking about the physical bells that belong to churches.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
    - This refers to a denomination or sect (e.g., Catholic Church, Anglican Church)
    - "Church bells" wouldn't refer to bells belonging to a denomination in this context

 2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
    - This refers to the physical building
    - "Church bells" would mean the bells belonging to the church building
    - This makes sense: bells that are in church buildings

 3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
    - This refers to the religious service/event
    - "Church bells" wouldn't refer to bells belonging to a service

 4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week
    - This refers to the congregation/people
    - "Church bells" wouldn't refer to bells belonging to a group of people

 The phrase "church bells" is a compound noun where "church" modifies "bells". In this context, it refers to the bells located in church buildings (sense 2). The text mentions "belfries" (which are towers in churches where bells are hung) and talks about ringing bells at towers.

 The context mentions:
 - "keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia"
 - "ring for even one service at this tower"
 - "England's church bells"

 This clearly refers to physical bells in physical church buildings.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 2: church%1:06:00:: (the building).

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=church%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=church%1:06:00::
 3. sense_key=church%1:04:00::
 4. sense_key=church%1:14:01::

 So sense 2 is the building sense.

 Actually, looking at WordNet:
 - church%1:06:00:: is "church, church building" - a place for public worship
 - church%1:14:00:: is "Christian church, Church" - one of the groups of Christians...
 - church%1:04:00:: is "church service, church" - a service conducted in a house of worship
 - church%1:14:01:: is "church" - the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church

 Yes, sense 2 (index 2) is correct.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 2}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church <t>bells</t> are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "bells" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bells and bell ringing
 - It mentions "ringers" who drive from church to church to "keep the bells sounding"
 - It mentions "belfries" (towers where bells are housed)
 - It mentions "ring for even one service at this tower"
 - It mentions "church bells" specifically in the sentence: "nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them"
 - It mentions "the ancient art" (of bell ringing)

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. bell%1:06:00:: - a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
    - This seems like the physical object itself - the metal bell that rings

 2. bell%1:06:02:: - a push button at an outer door (doorbell, buzzer)
    - Not relevant to church context

 3. bell%1:11:00:: - the sound of a bell being struck (toll)
    - This is the sound itself, not the physical object

 4. bell%1:28:00:: - nautical time units signaled by ship's bell
    - Not relevant to church context

 5. bell%1:25:00:: - the shape of a bell
    - Not the primary meaning here

 6. bell%1:18:02:: - Melville Bell (person)
    - Not relevant

 7. bell%1:18:01:: - Vanessa Bell (person)
    - Not relevant

 8. bell%1:18:00:: - Alexander Graham Bell (person)
    - Not relevant

 9. bell%1:06:04:: - a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells (chime, gong)
    - This is specifically about tuned bells used as orchestral instruments

 10. bell%1:06:03:: - the flared opening of a tubular device
     - Not relevant

 The context is clearly about church bells - the physical metal objects that make sound when struck/run.

 Now I need to decide between sense 1 and sense 3, mainly.

 Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - This is the physical instrument.
 Sense 3: "the sound of a bell being struck" - This is the auditory result.

 In the sentence: "nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them"

 Here, "bells" refers to the physical objects that are "rung" (acted upon). You ring a bell (the physical object). The bells are "no longer rung" - this implies the physical objects are not being caused to make sound.

 Also earlier: "keep the bells sounding" - the bells (objects) are sounding.
 "the many belfries of East Anglia" - belfries house bells (physical objects).

 So sense 1 seems correct: the hollow metal device.

 But wait, let me check sense 9 again: "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument"

 Church bells are typically large bells hung in towers, not necessarily the orchestral instrument sense (which usually refers to tubular bells or handbells or carillon). The text mentions "belfries" which are specifically for large church bells, not orchestral instruments.

 Also, sense 1 is the most general sense for the physical bell object.

 Let me verify the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the numbering:
 - bell%1:06:00:: is the first sense (index 1 in the list provided)
 - bell%1:06:02:: is the second sense (index 2)
 - bell%1:11:00:: is the third sense (index 3)
 - etc.

 The user asks for the "sense_index" which corresponds to the numbering in the candidate list (1-10).

 So if I choose sense 1 (the physical device), the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

 If I choose sense 3 (the sound), the answer is {"sense_index": 3}.

 Context analysis:
 - "church bells are no longer rung" - you ring physical bells
 - "no one to ring them" - "them" refers back to bells (the objects)
 - "keep the bells sounding" - the bells (objects) produce sound
 - "belfries" - towers that hold bells (physical objects)

 This strongly supports sense 1 (the physical device).

 However, I should check if there's any ambiguity with sense 3. Could "bells" refer to the sound?
 "the sound of church bells" - but here it says "church bells are no longer rung". You don't "ring" a sound. You ring a physical object. So it must be the physical object.

 Therefore, sense_index: 1.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00::
 2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02::
 3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00::
 ...

 So the index is the number in the list (1-10).

 The correct answer is index 1.

 But let me double-check sense 9: "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells..."
 Church bells could be considered percussion instruments, but sense 1 is more general and appropriate for church bells in belfries. Sense 9 seems to refer to orchestral chimes/gongs specifically ("used as an orchestral instrument").

 Also, sense 1 examples would fit: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - this is exactly what church bells are.

 Final check: The context mentions "ringers" (people who ring bells), "belfries" (where bells are kept), and the bells being "rung" (physical action on the object). This all points to the physical artifact, not the sound.

 Answer: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DeepInfra

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: no
Target surface form: no
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are <t>no</t> longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=no%4:02:02:: | definition=referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present | synonyms=no more | examples=he was no heavier than a child
2. sense_key=no%4:02:01:: | definition=not in any degree or manner; not at all | examples=he is no better today
3. sense_key=no%4:02:00:: | definition=used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement | examples=no, you are wrong

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "no" in the given context.

 Context: "...nearly a third of England's church bells are <t>no</t> longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."

 The phrase is "no longer", which means "not anymore" or "not any longer".

 Let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=no%4:02:02:: | definition=referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present | synonyms=no more | examples=he was no heavier than a child
    - This seems to relate to comparative constructions like "no heavier", "no more". The example "he was no heavier than a child" suggests this sense is used in comparisons of degree.
    - However, "no longer" is an idiom meaning "not anymore". But looking at the synonyms "no more", this might be related.

 2. sense_key=no%4:02:01:: | definition=not in any degree or manner; not at all | examples=he is no better today
    - This seems to be the sense used in "no better", "no worse" - indicating "not at all better".
    - But "no longer" is different from "no better".

 3. sense_key=no%4:02:00:: | definition=used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement | examples:no, you are wrong
    - This is the interjection/exclamation sense, like saying "No!" as a response.

 Now, looking at the specific phrase "no longer":
 - "No longer" means "not any longer" or "not anymore".
 - In WordNet, "no" as an adverb (which is what %4:02 indicates - adverb) has these senses.

 Let me think about how "no longer" is analyzed in WordNet. Usually, "no longer" is treated as an adverbial phrase where "no" modifies "longer" (or functions as part of the adverb "no longer").

 Looking at sense 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" with synonym "no more".
 - "No more" and "no longer" are similar in meaning (both indicate cessation).
 - "No longer" = not any longer (time)
 - "No more" = not any more (quantity/degree/time)
 - The example "he was no heavier than a child" shows a comparative use.

 Actually, looking carefully at the glosses:
 Sense 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" - this seems to cover usages like "no more", "no less", "no heavier", etc. where "no" + comparative/adjective indicates degree.

 Sense 2: "not in any degree or manner; not at all" - this seems to be for "no better" type constructions where it means "not at all better".

 But "no longer" specifically...
 In the sentence: "are no longer rung" = "are not rung anymore".

 In WordNet, "no longer" is often associated with sense 1 or sense 2 depending on the exact classification. But looking at the synonyms provided:
 Sense 1 has synonym "no more". "No longer" and "no more" are very similar (both temporal in many contexts, though "no more" can also be quantitative).

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet data:
 - no%4:02:00:: - the interjection sense ("No, I won't")
 - no%4:02:01:: - "not in any degree or manner; not at all" - used with comparatives like "no better", "no worse"
 - no%4:02:02:: - "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" - this might be the "no more" sense?

 Wait, I need to be careful. The gloss for sense 1 says "referring to the degree" and lists "no more" as a synonym. But "no longer" is about time, not degree.

 However, looking at the example for sense 2: "he is no better today" - this means "he is not better at all", emphasizing the negative.

 For "no longer", the meaning is "not any longer" or "not anymore".

 Let me reconsider the WordNet senses for "no" as an adverb:

 Typically:
 - Sense 0 (no%4:02:00::): The particle used to express negation, refusal, disagreement. "No, you are wrong."
 - Sense 1 (no%4:02:01::): Used with comparatives to indicate 'not at all', e.g., "no better", "no worse", "no bigger"
 - Sense 2 (no%4:02:02::): This might be the "no longer" / "no more" sense? Or is it something else?

 Actually, looking at the provided information:
 Sense 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" with synonym "no more"
 Sense 2: "not in any degree or manner; not at all"

 Wait, the indexing seems off from what I might expect. Let me look at the sense keys:
 - no%4:02:02::
 - no%4:02:01::
 - no%4:02:00::

 The numbers at the end (02, 01, 00) are the sense indices (lexicographer file offsets).

 Sense 00 is usually the most common sense - the interjection "no" (as in "no, you are wrong").

 Sense 01: "not in any degree or manner; not at all" - this is likely the adverb modifying adjectives/comparatives.

 Sense 02: "referring to the degree..." with synonym "no more".

 But "no longer" is semantically similar to "no more". Both indicate that a state or action has ceased or ended.

 In "no longer", the word "no" is functioning as part of the adverbial phrase meaning "not any longer". This is similar to "no more".

 However, looking at the example for sense 1: "he was no heavier than a child" - this is a comparative construction.

 And sense 2 example: "he is no better today" - this is also comparative but means "not at all better".

 Actually, I think I may have the sense numbers confused. Let me re-read:

 Candidate 1: sense_key=no%4:02:02:: | definition=referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present | synonyms=no more | examples=he was no heavier than a child

 Candidate 2: sense_key=no%4:02:01:: | definition=not in any degree or manner; not at all | examples=he is no better today

 Candidate 3: sense_key=no%4:02:00:: | definition=used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement | examples:no, you are wrong

 So:
 - Candidate 3 is clearly the interjection.
 - Candidate 2 is "not at all" (as in "no better").
 - Candidate 1 is "referring to degree" with synonym "no more".

 Now, "no longer" - is this closer to "no more" or "no better"?

 "No longer" means "not any longer" (time).
 "No more" means "not any more" (quantity or time).

 In many dictionaries, "no longer" and "no more" are treated similarly as adverbs indicating cessation.

 But looking at the gloss for Candidate 1: "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" - this sounds like it's about extent or amount (degree), not time.

 However, the synonym listed is "no more". "No more" can mean "no longer" (e.g., "He no more works here" = "He no longer works here", though this is archaic/poetic).

 Actually, in modern English:
 - "no more" usually means "not any additional" or "none remaining"
 - "no longer" means "not any more time"

 But they are related.

 Wait, looking at the example for Candidate 1: "he was no heavier than a child" - this is clearly a degree/comparison sense. "No" here means "not any" (degree).

 For Candidate 2: "he is no better today" - this means "not at all better".

 For "no longer", we are saying "not any longer" - the bells are not rung for any additional duration/time.

 But which WordNet sense captures this?

 I need to think about how WordNet actually structures these senses.

 In WordNet 3.0 or similar:
 - "no" adv sense 1: used to express refusal or denial (the interjection)
 - "no" adv sense 2: not in any degree or manner; not at all (e.g., "he is no better")
 - "no" adv sense 3: referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present (e.g., "he was no heavier")

 But I'm not entirely sure about the ordering.

 Actually, looking at the sense keys provided:
 - no%4:02:00:: (this is sense 0 - usually the first/most common sense)
 - no%4:02:01:: (sense 1)
 - no%4:02:02:: (sense 2)

 In WordNet, sense 0 is usually the interjection "no".

 Sense 1 ("not in any degree or manner; not at all") with example "he is no better today" - this is used with comparatives to negate them absolutely.

 Sense 2 ("referring to the degree...") with example "he was no heavier than a child" - this is also used with comparatives, but perhaps indicating a specific degree?

 Actually, looking closely:
 - "he was no heavier than a child" = he was not heavier than a child (comparative)
 - "he is no better today" = he is not better at all today

 These might be subtle distinctions.

 But "no longer" is not really a comparative construction like "no heavier" or "no better". "Longer" is the comparative of "long", but "no longer" is a fixed phrase meaning "not anymore".

 However, grammatically, "no longer" consists of "no" + "longer" (comparative adjective/adverb).

 If we analyze "no longer" as "no" modifying "longer", then it fits the pattern of "no" + comparative.

 Both sense 1 and sense 2 seem to involve comparatives.

 But the gloss for sense 2 (no%4:02:01::) says "not in any degree or manner; not at all". This seems to fit "no better" (not at all better).

 The gloss for sense 1 (no%4:02:02::) says "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present". This seems to fit "no heavier" (referring to the degree of heaviness).

 "No longer" refers to the degree/extent of time - "not to any greater extent in time" = "not anymore".

 Actually, "no longer" means "not any longer (in time)", i.e., the duration is zero.

 This seems closer to sense 1 with the synonym "no more". "No more" also indicates zero quantity/degree.

 But wait, "no longer" is specifically about time, while "no more" in the example "he was no heavier" is about degree.

 Let me reconsider. In the sentence:
 "nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung"

 This means the bells are not rung anymore. The ringing has ceased.

 This is the temporal "no longer".

 In WordNet, which sense covers "no longer"?

 Looking at actual WordNet data (from my knowledge):
 WordNet 3.1 entry for "no" (adverb):

 1. (used to express refusal or denial or disagreement etc or especially to emphasize a negative statement) "No, you are wrong"
 2. (not in any degree or manner; not at all) "he is no better today"
 3. (referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present) "he was no heavier than a child"; "no more"

 Wait, if sense 3 has the synonym "no more", and "no longer" is semantically equivalent to "no more" (in the temporal sense), then sense 3 might be the right one.

 But "no more" can mean:
 a) not any additional amount (quantity)
 b) never again / not anymore (temporal)

 And "no longer" only means temporal.

 However, looking at the example for sense 3: "he was no heavier than a child" - this is clearly about degree/quantity (weight), not time.

 And sense 2: "he is no better today" - this is about quality/degree of goodness.

 Hmm.

 Actually, I think I need to look at this differently. The phrase "no longer" might be using sense 2 or sense 1, but which one?

 Let me check if "longer" is considered a comparative form here. Yes, it's the comparative of "long".

 So "no longer" = "not any longer".

 In the WordNet structure:
 - Sense 2 (index 01): "not in any degree or manner; not at all" - this could apply to "not at all longer"
 - Sense 1 (index 02): "referring to the degree..." - this could also apply

 But the example "he is no better today" for sense 2 suggests that sense 2 is used when "no" means "not at all" before a comparative.

 "He is no better" = "He is not at all better".

 "No longer" = "Not at all longer" = "Not anymore".

 This seems to fit sense 2 (no%4:02:01::).

 However, sense 1 (no%4:02:02::) with "no more" as a synonym is also tempting because "no longer" and "no more" are often interchangeable (though "no more" is less common for time in modern English, it is still used).

 But the example for sense 1 is "he was no heavier than a child". This is a "no X-er than" construction, which is different from "no longer" (which is not comparative in the same way - it's not comparing two things, but stating that the duration has ended).

 Actually, "no longer" is historically "no" + "longer" (comparative), but it's now a fixed temporal adverbial.

 Given the choices:
 - Sense 3 (index 00): Interjection - clearly wrong.
 - Sense 2 (index 01): "not in any degree or manner; not at all" - fits "no better", could fit "no longer" (not at all longer)
 - Sense 1 (index 02): "referring to the degree..." with synonym "no more" - could fit if we consider "no longer" as similar to "no more"

 But "no more" as a synonym for sense 1 suggests that sense 1 covers the "not anymore" meaning, because "no more" means "not anymore".

 Wait, "no more" has two meanings:
 1. Not any additional quantity (degree)
 2. Not anymore (temporal)

 If sense 1 has "no more" as a synonym, and the gloss is about "degree", it might be referring to the quantitative sense.

 However, in many lexical databases, "no longer" is grouped with temporal adverbs, while "no" as an adverb modifying comparatives is different.

 Let me reconsider the WordNet sense numbering. The user provides:
 1. sense_key=no%4:02:02::
 2. sense_key=no%4:02:01::
 3. sense_key=no%4:02:00::

 So index 1 corresponds to :02, index 2 to :01, index 3 to :00.

 The question asks for the "sense_index". Looking at the JSON format example: {"sense_index": 3}, this suggests I should return 1, 2, or 3 corresponding to the candidate number.

 So I need to choose between candidate 1, 2, or 3.

 Candidate 3 is definitely wrong (interjection).

 Between 1 and 2:

 Candidate 2 (no%4:02:01::): "not in any degree or manner; not at all" - example: "he is no better today"
 Candidate 1 (no%4:02:02::): "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" - example: "he was no heavier than a child"

 "No longer" means "not any longer". This is similar to saying "to no greater extent in time".

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet mappings:
 - "no longer" is often sense 2 (no%4:02:01::) or sense 1 (no%4:02:02::) depending on the version.

 But let's look at the synonym clue. Candidate 1 lists "no more" as a synonym. "No longer" is synonymous with "no more" (in the temporal sense). For example, "He no longer works here" = "He works here no more".

 Therefore, Candidate 1 seems like the best fit because it lists "no more" as a synonym, and "no longer" is semantically equivalent to "no more".

 Candidate 2 ("not at all") is more about absolute negation of a quality ("no better" = not at all better), whereas "no longer" is about cessation over time, which is closer to "no more".

 Therefore, I choose sense_index: 1.

 Wait, let me double-check. Is "no longer" really the same sense as "no more" in WordNet?

 In WordNet, "no more" is listed as a synonym for one of the adverb senses of "no". And "no longer" is a separate entry? Or is "no longer" analyzed as "no" + "longer"?

 Actually, "no longer" might be in WordNet as an adverb itself, or as a use of "no".

 But given the candidates, and that "no more" is explicitly listed as a synonym for candidate 1, and "no longer" is interchangeable with "no more", candidate 1 is the best choice.

 Also, the gloss "referring to the degree to which a certain quality is present" - time is a quality, and "no longer" refers to the degree (zero) of time remaining for the action.

 So I'll go with sense_index: 1.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: rung
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer <t>rung</t> on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "rung" (which is the past participle of "ring") in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringers in East Anglia
 - "They belong to a group of 15 ringers"
 - "keep the bells sounding"
 - "ring for even one service"
 - "nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer <t>rung</t> on Sundays because there is no one to ring them"

 The target word "rung" appears in: "nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them."

 This is clearly about the action of causing bells to make sound, specifically in a church context on Sundays.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
    - This is about the bells themselves making sound (intransitive)
    - But in the context "bells are no longer rung", this is passive voice, implying someone is ringing them (transitive)

 2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
    - This is about echoing/resounding, not specifically about bells being rung by people

 3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
    - This is transitive: making bells ring
    - The example "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church" matches perfectly
    - The context is about church bells being rung (passive voice of this transitive sense)
    - "because there is no one to ring them" - confirms this is about people ringing bells

 4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone
    - This is about telephoning, clearly not relevant

 5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border
    - This is about surrounding/encircling, not relevant

 6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band
    - This is about putting rings on birds' feet, not relevant

 The context clearly involves people ringing church bells. The phrase "bells are no longer rung" is the passive form of someone ringing the bells.

 Sense 3 is the only one that involves the transitive action of causing bells to ring (making bells ring). The example "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church" is exactly the same context as the target sentence.

 Sense 1 is intransitive (the bells rang - they make sound on their own), but here we have "bells are rung" which implies an agent doing the ringing.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 3 (index 3).

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00::
 2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04::
 3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01::
 4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00::
 5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03::
 6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00::

 So sense 3 is ring%2:39:01:: "make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification"

 Yes, this is correct. The context is about church bells being rung (made to ring) by ringers.

 The answer should be {"sense_index": 3}

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sunday
Target surface form: Sundays
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on <t>Sundays</t> because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sunday%1:28:00:: | definition=first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians | synonyms=Lord's Day, Dominicus, Sun
2. sense_key=sunday%1:18:00:: | definition=United States evangelist (1862-1935) | synonyms=Billy Sunday, William Ashley Sunday

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "Sundays" in the given context.

 Target lemma: sunday
 Target surface form: Sundays
 Context: The text is about church bell ringers in East Anglia, England. The specific sentence containing the target word is: "According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on <t>Sundays</t> because there is no one to ring them."

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=sunday%1:28:00:: | definition=first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians | synonyms=Lord's Day, Dominicus, Sun
 2. sense_key=sunday%1:18:00:: | definition=United States evangelist (1862-1935) | synonyms=Billy Sunday, William Ashley Sunday

 Analysis:
 - The context is about church bells being rung (or not rung) on specific days.
 - The phrase "rung on Sundays" clearly refers to the day of the week.
 - Sense 1 refers to the first day of the week, a day of worship (Christian Sabbath).
 - Sense 2 refers to a specific person named Billy Sunday, an evangelist.
 - The context mentions "church bells," "service," "worship," and the plural "Sundays" refers to recurring days of the week when church services are held.
 - Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me check the indexing. The user listed:
 1. sense_key=sunday%1:28:00:: ...
 2. sense_key=sunday%1:18:00:: ...

 So the index for the day of the week is 1.
 The index for the person is 2.

 The correct sense is definitely the first one (the day of the week).

 Double-checking: "Sundays" is the plural form of Sunday. In the context "rung on Sundays", it means on the days of the week called Sunday. This matches sense 1. Sense 2 is a proper noun referring to a specific historical figure, which makes no sense in this context (bells are not rung on Billy Sundays? No, that doesn't make sense).

 Therefore, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: ring
Context:
They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to <t>ring</t> them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ring" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringers in East Anglia
 - It mentions "ringers" who drive from church to church to keep bells sounding
 - It mentions "To ring for even one service at this tower..."
 - It mentions training youngsters to ring
 - The target word is in the sentence: "nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to <t>ring</t> them."

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
    - This is about the bells making sound themselves (intransitive)
    - Example: "the bells rang" - this is intransitive

 2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
    - This is about a space echoing with sound
    - Not about actively ringing bells

 3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
    - This is transitive - making bells ring
    - Example specifically mentions "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church"
    - This matches the context perfectly: "no one to ring them" (them = church bells)

 4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone
    - Telephone meaning - clearly not relevant here

 5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border
    - Spatial meaning - not relevant

 6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band
    - Putting rings on birds - not relevant

 The context is clearly about church bells and the activity of ringing them. The phrase "no one to ring them" means no one to cause the bells to sound.

 Comparing sense 1 and sense 3:
 - Sense 1 (ring%2:39:00::) is intransitive: "the bells rang" - the bells themselves make sound
 - Sense 3 (ring%2:39:01::) is transitive: "make (bells) ring" - someone causes the bells to ring

 In the sentence "no one to ring them", "them" refers to the bells, and "ring" is used transitively - someone needs to perform the action on the bells. This matches sense 3.

 Also, earlier in the text: "To ring for even one service..." and "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church" in the example for sense 3 matches perfectly.

 Therefore, the correct sense is index 3.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: easy
Target surface form: easy
Context:
"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is <t>easy</t> to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=easy%3:00:01:: | definition=posing no difficulty; requiring little effort | examples=an easy job; an easy problem
2. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:unhurried:00 | definition=not hurried or forced | synonyms=easygoing, leisurely | examples=an easy walk around the block; at a leisurely (or easygoing) pace
3. sense_key=easy%3:00:02:: | definition=free from worry or anxiety | examples=knowing that I had done my best, my mind was easy; an easy good-natured manner
4. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=affording pleasure | examples=easy good looks
5. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:light:08 | definition=having little impact | synonyms=gentle, soft | examples=an easy pat on the shoulder; gentle rain
6. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:impressionable:00 | definition=readily exploited or tricked | examples=an easy victim; an easy mark
7. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:rich:00 | definition=in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich | synonyms=comfortable, prosperous, well-fixed, well-heeled, well-off, well-situated | examples=they were comfortable or even wealthy by some standards; easy living
8. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:gradual:02 | definition=marked by moderate steepness | synonyms=gentle | examples=an easy climb; a gentle slope
9. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:comfortable:00 | definition=affording comfort | examples=soft light that was easy on the eyes
10. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:unchaste:00 | definition=casual and unrestrained in sexual behavior | synonyms=light, loose, promiscuous, sluttish, wanton | examples=her easy virtue; he was told to avoid loose (or light) women
11. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:available:00 | definition=less in demand and therefore readily obtainable | examples=commodities are easy this quarter
12. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:abundant:00 | definition=obtained with little effort or sacrifice, often obtained illegally | examples=easy money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "easy" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The text discusses the difficulty of finding people to ring church bells in England. It mentions that nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung because there's no one to ring them. Then it says: "It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes."

 The phrase "easy to see" means that it requires little effort or difficulty to understand or perceive why the art is dying out. The reasons are clear/obvious from what was mentioned before (aging population, youth not interested, etc.).

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=easy%3:00:01:: | definition=posing no difficulty; requiring little effort | examples=an easy job; an easy problem
 This matches perfectly. "Easy to see" means it poses no difficulty to see/understand.

 2. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:unhurried:00 | definition=not hurried or forced...
 This doesn't fit. The context isn't about pace.

 3. sense_key=easy%3:00:02:: | definition=free from worry or anxiety...
 Not relevant here.

 4. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=affording pleasure...
 Not the right meaning.

 5. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:light:08 | definition=having little impact...
 Not relevant.

 6. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:impressionable:00 | definition=readily exploited...
 Not relevant.

 7. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:rich:00 | definition=in fortunate circumstances...
 Not relevant.

 8. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:gradual:02 | definition=marked by moderate steepness...
 Not relevant.

 9. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:comfortable:00 | definition=affording comfort...
 Not relevant.

 10. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:unchaste:00 | definition=casual and unrestrained...
 Not relevant.

 11. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:available:00 | definition=less in demand...
 Not relevant.

 12. sense_key=easy%5:00:00:abundant:00 | definition=obtained with little effort...
 This is close but "easy money" is different from "easy to see". Sense 1 is the primary sense for "easy to see" constructions.

 Sense 1 is clearly the best fit: "posing no difficulty; requiring little effort". The construction "It is easy to see why..." directly maps to this definition - seeing/understanding requires little effort.

 The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: see
Target surface form: see
Context:
"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to <t>see</t> why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight | examples=You have to be a good observer to see all the details; Can you see the bird in that tree?
2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: | definition=perceive (an idea or situation) mentally | synonyms=understand, realize, realise | examples=Now I see!; I just can't see your point
3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: | definition=imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind | synonyms=visualize, visualise, envision, project, fancy, figure | examples=I can't see him on horseback!; I can see what will happen
5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=consider, reckon, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: | definition=get to know or become aware of, usually accidentally | synonyms=learn, hear, get word, get wind, pick up, find out | examples=I learned that she has two grown-up children; I see that you have been promoted
7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=watch, view, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: | definition=come together | synonyms=meet, run into, encounter, run across, come across | examples=I'll probably see you at the meeting; How nice to see you again!
9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works
10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=check, insure, see to it, ensure, control, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: | definition=go to see for professional or business reasons | examples=You should see a lawyer; We had to see a psychiatrist
12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: | definition=go to see for a social visit | examples=I went to see my friend Mary the other day
13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: | definition=go to see a place, as for entertainment | synonyms=visit | examples=We went to see the Eiffel Tower in the morning
14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, look | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: | definition=receive as a specified guest | examples=the doctor will see you now; The minister doesn't see anybody before noon
16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: | definition=date regularly; have a steady relationship with | synonyms=go steady, go out, date | examples=Did you know that she is seeing an older man?; He is dating his former wife again!
17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: | definition=see and understand, have a good eye | examples=The artist must first learn to see
18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: | definition=deliberate or decide | examples=See whether you can come tomorrow; let's see--which movie should we see tonight?
19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: | definition=observe as if with an eye | examples=The camera saw the burglary and recorded it
20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: | definition=observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect | synonyms=examine | examples=The customs agent examined the baggage; I must see your passport before you can enter the country
21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: | definition=go or live through | synonyms=experience, go through | examples=We had many trials to go through; he saw action in Viet Nam
22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: | definition=accompany or escort | synonyms=escort | examples=I'll see you to the door
23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: | definition=match or meet | examples=I saw the bet of one of my fellow players
24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: | definition=make sense of; assign a meaning to | synonyms=interpret, construe | examples=What message do you see in this letter?; How do you interpret his behavior?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "see" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "It is easy to <t>see</t> why the ancient art is on the ropes."

 The context discusses:
 - Mr. Hammond worrying about the decline of bell ringing
 - A survey showing nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung
 - The difficulty of training youngsters
 - The comparison with continental European carillons being considered "childish" by the English

 The phrase "It is easy to see why..." is an idiomatic expression meaning "it is easy to understand why" or "it is obvious why."

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=see%2:39:00:: - perceive by sight (physical vision)
 2. sense_key=see%2:31:01:: - perceive mentally, understand, realize (synonyms: understand, realize, realise; examples: "Now I see!", "I just can't see your point")
 3. sense_key=see%2:39:02:: - perceive or be contemporaneous with (witness)
 4. sense_key=see%2:36:00:: - imagine, conceive of
 5. sense_key=see%2:31:00:: - deem to be (consider, reckon)
 6. sense_key=see%2:31:02:: - get to know or become aware of (learn, hear)
 7. sense_key=see%2:39:03:: - see or watch (view a show)
 8. sense_key=see%2:38:00:: - come together (meet)
 9. sense_key=see%2:32:00:: - find out, learn, determine with certainty
 10. sense_key=see%2:31:03:: - be careful or certain to do something
 11. sense_key=see%2:41:11:: - go to see for professional reasons
 12. sense_key=see%2:41:12:: - go to see for social visit
 13. sense_key=see%2:41:10:: - go to see a place for entertainment
 14. sense_key=see%2:41:14:: - take charge of or deal with
 15. sense_key=see%2:35:09:: - receive as a specified guest
 16. sense_key=see%2:41:00:: - date regularly
 17. sense_key=see%2:39:05:: - see and understand, have a good eye
 18. sense_key=see%2:31:08:: - deliberate or decide
 19. sense_key=see%2:39:11:: - observe as if with an eye
 20. sense_key=see%2:39:13:: - observe, check out, inspect
 21. sense_key=see%2:39:12:: - go or live through (experience)
 22. sense_key=see%2:38:03:: - accompany or escort
 23. sense_key=see%2:33:00:: - match or meet (betting)
 24. sense_key=see%2:31:13:: - make sense of, assign meaning to

 The phrase "It is easy to see why..." clearly indicates understanding or comprehending the reason. This aligns with sense 2: "perceive (an idea or situation) mentally" with synonyms "understand, realize, realise" and examples like "Now I see!" and "I just can't see your point."

 Sense 2 is the best fit because:
 - The context is about understanding/comprehending why something is happening (the decline of bell ringing)
 - It's not about physical sight (sense 1)
 - It's not about witnessing an event (sense 3)
 - It's not about imagining (sense 4)
 - It's about mental perception/understanding

 The index for sense_key=see%2:31:01:: appears to be 2 (based on the ordering in the candidate list).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=...
 2. sense_key=...
 etc.

 So sense_key=see%2:31:01:: is index 2.

 Let me double-check:
 - "It is easy to see why" = "It is easy to understand why"
 - This matches sense 2: perceive (an idea or situation) mentally; understand, realize, realise

 Yes, this is correct.

 Other possibilities:
 - Sense 6 (get to know/become aware): This is about learning facts accidentally, not about understanding reasons.
 - Sense 24 (make sense of): This is about interpretation, like "how do you see this letter?"
 - Sense 17 (see and understand, have a good eye): This is about visual perception with understanding, like an artist learning to see.

 Sense 2 is definitely the best fit for "It is easy to see why..." meaning "It is easy to understand why..."

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ancient
Target surface form: ancient
Context:
"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the <t>ancient</t> art is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire | examples=ancient history; ancient civilizations such as those of the Etruscans and Sumerians
2. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:old:02 | definition=very old | examples=an ancient mariner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "ancient" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses church bell ringing in England
- It mentions "ancient art" referring to the art of ringing bells
- The context suggests this is an old, traditional practice that is dying out
- The phrase "ancient art" here implies something very old, time-honored, but not necessarily belonging to the specific historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire | examples=ancient history; ancient civilizations such as those of the Etruscans and Sumerians
   - This refers to ancient history, ancient civilizations (like Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece)
   - Very specific to the historical period before the fall of Western Roman Empire

2. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:old:02 | definition=very old | examples=an ancient mariner
   - General sense of being very old
   - Example "ancient mariner" suggests just something very old, not necessarily from classical antiquity

In the context "the ancient art is on the ropes", referring to bell ringing:
- Bell ringing in English churches is an old tradition, but it's not from "ancient history" (pre-fall of Rome)
- It's referring to the art being very old/traditional
- "Ancient mariner" is a good parallel - it just means very old sailor, not a sailor from classical antiquity

The context mentions "History, after all, is not on his side" and talks about the tradition fading, suggesting the "ancient art" is simply a very old tradition, not specifically from the classical period.

Therefore, sense 2 (very old) seems more appropriate than sense 1 (belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire).

Wait, I need to check the sense indices. The user lists:
1. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:past:00 ...
2. sense_key=ancient%5:00:00:old:02 ...

So the indices are 1 and 2.

The question is whether "ancient art" referring to bell ringing means:
1. From classical antiquity/historical period before fall of Rome
2. Very old (general)

Bell ringing as an art in England - change ringing - dates back to the 16th-17th centuries mostly, though bells have been rung since earlier. But "ancient" here is used more loosely to mean "very old" or "time-honored", not specifically "from the classical period".

Also, the example "an ancient mariner" fits well with "ancient art" - both mean simply "very old".

Therefore, I should choose sense_index: 2.

But wait, I need to be careful. Let me reconsider.

The phrase is "the ancient art is on the ropes" - referring to bell ringing.
Is this art literally from ancient times (pre-500 AD)? No.
Is it just very old? Yes.

Sense 1 is specifically about the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
Sense 2 is the general "very old".

The context doesn't suggest we're talking about Roman or Greek bell ringing. It's about English church bells. The practice is old, but not "ancient" in the classical history sense.

So yes, sense 2 is correct.

Actually, looking at WordNet:
- Ancient (adj) can mean "belonging to times long past especially of the historical period before the fall of the Western Roman Empire" - that's the specific historical sense
- Or "very old" - the general sense

In "ancient mariner", it's clearly the general sense.
In "ancient history", it could be either, but the example given is "ancient history" as a subject, which is the specific historical sense.

In our context, "the ancient art" = the very old art/tradition.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: art
Target surface form: art
Context:
"To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient <t>art</t> is on the ropes. The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=art%1:06:00:: | definition=the products of human creativity; works of art collectively | synonyms=fine art | examples=an art exhibition; a fine collection of art
2. sense_key=art%1:04:00:: | definition=the creation of beautiful or significant things | synonyms=artistic creation, artistic production | examples=art does not need to be innovative to be good; I was never any good at art
3. sense_key=art%1:09:00:: | definition=a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation | synonyms=artistry, prowess | examples=the art of conversation; it's quite an art
4. sense_key=art%1:10:00:: | definition=photographs or other visual representations in a printed publication | synonyms=artwork, graphics, nontextual matter | examples=the publisher was responsible for all the artwork in the book

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "art" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about bell ringing in England, specifically church bells.
- "It is easy to see why the ancient <t>art</t> is on the ropes."
- The "ancient art" refers to the practice/skill of bell ringing.
- The context discusses how it's difficult to train youngsters, how old age and flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks, and compares it to the less complicated version of playing tunes on bells (carillons).

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. art%1:06:00:: - "the products of human creativity; works of art collectively" (fine art)
   - This refers to physical artworks, like paintings, sculptures. The context isn't talking about objects/products of creativity, but about a practice/skill.

2. art%1:04:00:: - "the creation of beautiful or significant things" (artistic creation, artistic production)
   - This refers to the act of creating art. While bell ringing is creative, the context emphasizes it as a skill/practice that needs to be learned and passed down, not necessarily the creation of beautiful things in the fine art sense.

3. art%1:09:00:: - "a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation" (artistry, prowess)
   - Examples: "the art of conversation"; "it's quite an art"
   - This fits perfectly. Bell ringing is described as an ancient skill/practice that requires training, study, and practice. The phrase "ancient art" here means an ancient skill/craft. The context mentions trying to train youngsters, and the difficulty of maintaining the practice. This matches "a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice."

4. art%1:10:00:: - "photographs or other visual representations in a printed publication" (artwork, graphics)
   - This is clearly wrong for this context.

Sense 3 is the best fit. The phrase "ancient art" in this context refers to the skill/craft of bell ringing, which is learned through practice and study, not fine art or artistic creation in the aesthetic sense. The examples for sense 3 include "the art of conversation" which parallels "the ancient art [of bell ringing]" perfectly.

The user wants only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: less
Target surface form: less
Context:
We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The <t>less</t> complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=less%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a lesser extent | examples=less interesting; less expensive
2. sense_key=less%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of little | examples=she walks less than she should; he works less these days

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "less" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The sentence is: "The <t>less</t> complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish..."
- Here "less" is modifying the adjective "complicated" - it's forming the comparative degree of "complicated"
- It's saying "The less complicated version" meaning a version that is not as complicated as another version (change-ringing)

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=less%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a lesser extent | examples=less interesting; less expensive
2. sense_key=less%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of little | examples=she walks less than she should; he works less these day

Analysis:
- Sense 1 is specifically about forming the comparative of adjectives and adverbs. The example "less interesting; less expensive" shows it modifying adjectives.
- Sense 2 is about the comparative of "little" as a determiner/quantifier, functioning as an adverb or determiner meaning "a smaller amount". The examples show it modifying verbs (walks less, works less) or functioning as a quantifier.

In the target sentence, "less" modifies the adjective "complicated" to form "less complicated" (comparative of complicated). This matches sense 1 perfectly.

Sense 2 would be used when "less" is the comparative of "little" meaning "a smaller amount" or "to a smaller extent" in terms of quantity or degree, but not specifically as a comparative marker for adjectives/adverbs.

Actually, looking more carefully:
- Sense 1: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs" - this is exactly what we have: "less complicated"
- Sense 2: "comparative of little" - this would be when "less" means "not as much" or "a smaller amount", like "less milk" or "eat less"

In "less complicated", "less" is functioning as a comparative modifier for the adjective "complicated", making sense 1 the correct choice.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1} since sense 1 corresponds to the first candidate sense listed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: version
Target surface form: version
Context:
We've tried to train the youngsters, but they have their discos and their dances, and they just drift away. "Mr. Hammond worries that old age and the flightiness of youth will diminish the ranks of the East Anglian group that keeps the Aslacton bells pealing. History, after all, is not on his side. According to a nationwide survey taken a year ago, nearly a third of England's church bells are no longer rung on Sundays because there is no one to ring them. It is easy to see why the ancient art is on the ropes. The less complicated <t>version</t> of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=version%1:10:01:: | definition=an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint | examples=his version of the fight was different from mine
2. sense_key=version%1:09:01:: | definition=something a little different from others of the same type | synonyms=variant, variation, edition | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter; a variant of the same word
3. sense_key=version%1:10:02:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=adaptation | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
4. sense_key=version%1:10:00:: | definition=a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language | synonyms=translation, interlingual rendition, rendering
5. sense_key=version%1:09:00:: | definition=a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something | synonyms=interpretation, reading
6. sense_key=version%1:04:00:: | definition=manual turning of a fetus in the uterus (usually to aid delivery)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "version" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell ringing in England (change-ringing vs. carillons)
 - The specific sentence: "The less complicated <t>version</t> of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners."
 - It's comparing two types of bell playing: change-ringing (English) vs. playing tunes on bells (continental European carillons)
 - The "version" here refers to a type or variant of bell playing - specifically the carillon style of playing tunes on bells, which is different from change-ringing.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=version%1:10:01:: | definition=an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint | examples=his version of the fight was different from mine
    - This is about interpretations or accounts of events. Not quite right here.

 2. sense_key=version%1:09:01:: | definition=something a little different from others of the same type | synonyms=variant, variation, edition | examples=an experimental version of the night fighter; a variant of the same word
    - This fits well. The carillon style is a "version" (variant/variation) of bell playing that is different from change-ringing. It's a different type/form of the same general activity (bell ringing/playing).

 3. sense_key=version%1:10:02:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=adaptation | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
    - This is about literary adaptations. Not applicable here.

 4. sense_key=version%1:10:00:: | definition=a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language | synonyms=translation, interlingual rendition, rendering
    - This is about translations. Not applicable.

 5. sense_key=version%1:09:00:: | definition=a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something | synonyms=interpretation, reading
    - This is about mental interpretations/understandings. Not quite right.

 6. sense_key=version%1:04:00:: | definition=manual turning of a fetus in the uterus (usually to aid delivery)
    - Medical term. Not applicable.

 The best fit is sense 2: "something a little different from others of the same type" with synonyms variant, variation, edition.

 The context describes the carillon style as a "less complicated version" of playing tunes on bells, contrasting it with change-ringing. It's referring to a variant or type of bell playing.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=version%1:10:01::
 2. sense_key=version%1:09:01::
 3. sense_key=version%1:10:02::
 4. sense_key=version%1:10:00::
 5. sense_key=version%1:09:00::
 6. sense_key=version%1:04:00::

 So sense 2 is version%1:09:01:: which is "something a little different from others of the same type".

 Actually, looking at the context again: "The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells..."
 This is referring to the carillon method as a version (type/variant) of bell playing, as opposed to change-ringing.

 Yes, sense 2 is definitely the best fit.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 2}

 Wait, I need to be careful. The user says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." This means I should return the index number of the sense in the list provided (1-6), not the WordNet sense key.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.