[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: publish
Target surface form: published
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently <t>published</t> a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=publish%2:36:01:: | definition=put into print | synonyms=print | examples=The newspaper published the news of the royal couple's divorce; These news should not be printed
2. sense_key=publish%2:32:00:: | definition=prepare and issue for public distribution or sale | synonyms=bring out, put out, issue, release | examples=publish a magazine or newspaper
3. sense_key=publish%2:36:00:: | definition=have (one's written work) issued for publication | synonyms=write | examples=How many books did Georges Simenon write?; She published 25 books during her long career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "published" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."

The Foundation (European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, based on context) published a comparative study.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=publish%2:36:01:: | definition=put into print | synonyms=print | examples=The newspaper published the news of the royal couple's divorce; These news should not be printed
- This sense seems to focus on the physical act of printing or making something available in print media, like a newspaper publishing news.

2. sense_key=publish%2:32:00:: | definition=prepare and issue for public distribution or sale | synonyms=bring out, put out, issue, release | examples=publish a magazine or newspaper
- This sense is about preparing and issuing something for public distribution. It fits organizations issuing reports, studies, magazines, etc.

3. sense_key=publish%2:36:00:: | definition=have (one's written work) issued for publication | synonyms=write | examples=How many books did Georges Simenon write?; She published 25 books during her long career
- This sense focuses on the author having their work published. The subject is typically the author/creator. Example: "She published 25 books" - meaning she wrote and had them published.

In the context: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study..."
- The Foundation is an organization, not an individual author.
- They are issuing/releasing a study as part of a project.
- This is more about the organization distributing or issuing the study publicly.

Sense 2 seems best: "prepare and issue for public distribution or sale" - the Foundation prepared and issued the comparative study for public distribution.

Sense 1 is too narrow (put into print - focuses on the printing aspect).
Sense 3 implies the subject is the author/writer ("have one's written work issued"). While the Foundation might have commissioned or written the study, sense 2 is more general and fits institutional publishing better. The example for sense 2 is "publish a magazine or newspaper" which is institutional. The Foundation publishing a study is similar to publishing a magazine or newspaper - issuing it publicly.

Also, looking at the examples:
- Sense 1: newspaper publishing news (media distributing content)
- Sense 2: publish a magazine or newspaper (issuing a publication)
- Sense 3: She published 25 books (author's career)

"The Foundation published a comparative study" - this is an organization issuing a formal document/study. This aligns best with sense 2: prepare and issue for public distribution.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 1 vs 2. Sense 1 is "put into print" with example "The newspaper published the news..." Sense 2 is "prepare and issue for public distribution" with example "publish a magazine or newspaper."

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- publish%2:36:01:: is usually the sense for publishing content (like publishing news, publishing a story)
- publish%2:32:00:: is usually the sense for publishing a work (like a book, magazine, study)
- publish%2:36:00:: is usually the sense for an author getting published

In the context, the Foundation is publishing a "comparative study" - this is a document/work. Sense 2 specifically mentions "publish a magazine or newspaper" and synonyms include "bring out, put out, issue, release." This fits an organization releasing a study.

Sense 1's example "The newspaper published the news" is about disseminating information/content.
Sense 2's example is about publishing a periodical or document.

A "comparative study" is a document/publication, so sense 2 seems correct.

Actually, let me double-check the WordNet senses to make sure I understand them correctly.

In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
- publish, print (verb) - put into print; "The newspaper published the news of the royal couple's divorce"; "These news should not be printed"
- publish, bring out, put out, issue, release (verb) - prepare and issue for public distribution or sale; "publish a magazine or newspaper"
- publish, write (verb) - have (one's written work) issued for publication; "How many books did Georges Simenon write?"; "She published 25 books during her long career"

Yes, so:
- Sense 1 (2:36:01): print/publish - making content public via print
- Sense 2 (2:32:00): issue/release - bringing out a publication
- Sense 3 (2:36:00): write - having one's work published (as an author)

The Foundation is bringing out/issuing a comparative study. This is sense 2.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: SiliconFlow


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: comparative
Target surface form: comparative
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a <t>comparative</t> study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=comparative%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or based on or involving comparison | examples=comparative linguistics
2. sense_key=comparative%3:00:00:: | definition=estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete | synonyms=relative | examples=a relative stranger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "comparative" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence containing "comparative" is: "The Foundation recently published a <t>comparative</t> study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."

Key context clues:
- It's describing a "study"
- The study is part of the EPOC project
- It assesses something across "fifteen European countries" (mentioned later in the text)
- It involves comparison between different countries/entities

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=comparative%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or based on or involving comparison | examples=comparative linguistics
2. sense_key=comparative%3:00:00:: | definition=estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete | synonyms=relative | examples=a relative stranger

Analysis:
Sense 1: "relating to or based on or involving comparison" - This fits well with "comparative study" meaning a study that compares different things (in this case, likely comparing the fifteen European countries mentioned).

Sense 2: "estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete" - This is more about something being relative rather than absolute. The example "a relative stranger" shows this usage. This doesn't fit "comparative study" in the academic/research sense.

In academic contexts, a "comparative study" typically means a study that compares different cases, countries, groups, etc. This aligns with sense 1 (involving comparison).

The context mentions "fifteen European countries" which strongly suggests the study compares these countries, fitting the "involving comparison" definition.

Sense 2 would be used in contexts like "comparative silence" (relatively silent compared to something else) or "comparative advantage" in economics (which actually uses sense 1 usually), but "comparative" meaning "relative" is different.

Actually, looking at WordNet:
- comparative%3:01:00:: is the adjective "comparative" meaning relating to comparison (as in comparative literature, comparative anatomy)
- comparative%3:00:00:: is the adjective meaning relative (estimated by comparison; not absolute)

"Comparative study" clearly uses the first sense - a study involving comparison between different cases/countries.

Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1.

Wait, I need to check the sense indices. The user lists:
1. sense_key=comparative%3:01:00:: ...
2. sense_key=comparative%3:00:00:: ...

So sense_index should be 1.

But let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the numbering correctly. The user says "Choose the single best indexed sense" and the candidates are labeled 1 and 2.

Sense 1: comparative%3:01:00:: - relating to or based on or involving comparison
Sense 2: comparative%3:00:00:: - estimated by comparison; not absolute or complete

Yes, "comparative study" where the study compares 15 European countries is definitely sense 1.

The output should be: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DeepInfra

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative <t>study</t> as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "study" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The Foundation published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project
- The study assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability
- The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials
- It's a written document describing findings (comparative study)

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. study%1:04:00:: - a detailed critical inspection (synonyms: survey)
   - This could fit as "a detailed critical inspection" but the context emphasizes it was "published" and is based on interviews, suggesting a document.

2. study%1:09:03:: - applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject
   - This is about the activity of studying, not a published document.

3. study%1:10:00:: - a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (synonyms: report, written report)
   - Examples: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
   - This fits perfectly: The Foundation published a comparative study... The study is based on 195 personal interviews...
   - It's clearly referring to a written report/document.

4. study%1:09:04:: - a state of deep mental absorption
   - Not relevant here.

5. study%1:06:00:: - a room used for reading and writing
   - Not relevant.

6. study%1:09:02:: - a branch of knowledge
   - Not relevant (this would be like "the study of medicine")

7. study%1:06:01:: - preliminary drawing for later elaboration
   - Not relevant (artistic context)

8. study%1:09:01:: - attentive consideration and meditation
   - Not relevant.

9. study%1:18:00:: - someone who memorizes quickly
   - Not relevant.

10. study%1:10:01:: - a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique
    - Musical/artistic context, not relevant.

The best fit is sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" with synonyms "report, written report".

The context mentions:
- "published a comparative study"
- "The study is based on 195 personal interviews"
- It's part of a project (EPOC) and assesses something

This clearly refers to a research report/document.

Sense 1 (detailed critical inspection/survey) is close but sense 3 is more specific to a published written document, which matches "published a comparative study" better.

Also, the example for sense 3 is "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" which is very similar to the usage here (referring to a published research document).

Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 3.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: part
Target surface form: part
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as <t>part</t> of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=portion, component part, component, constituent | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript
2. sense_key=part%1:06:00:: | definition=something less than the whole of a human artifact | synonyms=portion | examples=the rear part of the house; glue the two parts together
3. sense_key=part%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=piece | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=part%1:09:02:: | definition=that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation | examples=it requires vigilance on our part; they resisted every effort on his part
5. sense_key=part%1:15:00:: | definition=the extended spatial location of something | synonyms=region | examples=the farming regions of France; religions in all parts of the world
6. sense_key=part%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
7. sense_key=part%1:09:01:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, role, theatrical role, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
8. sense_key=part%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
9. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: | definition=one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole | synonyms=section, division | examples=the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company
10. sense_key=part%1:08:01:: | definition=a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions | synonyms=parting | examples=his part was right in the middle
11. sense_key=part%1:10:00:: | definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | synonyms=voice | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part
12. sense_key=part%1:04:03:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, share | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "part" in a specific context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

Context: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."

The phrase is "as part of the EPOC project". Here, "part" is being used to indicate that the comparative study is one component or element of the larger EPOC project.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: - "something determined in relation to something that includes it" - synonyms: portion, component part, component, constituent. Examples: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript"

This seems to fit well. The study is a component/constituent of the larger EPOC project.

2. sense_key=part%1:06:00:: - "something less than the whole of a human artifact" - This refers to physical parts of objects, not suitable for abstract projects.

3. sense_key=part%1:17:00:: - "a portion of a natural object" - refers to physical natural objects, not suitable.

4. sense_key=part%1:09:02:: - "that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation" - involves "on one's part" constructions, not suitable here.

5. sense_key=part%1:15:00:: - "the extended spatial location of something" - spatial regions, not suitable.

6. sense_key=part%1:04:01:: - "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" - refers to roles/duties, like "do your part". The example "the government must do its part" suggests this is about responsibility or function. While "part of the project" could theoretically fit, this sense seems more focused on roles/responsibilities rather than components.

7. sense_key=part%1:09:01:: - "an actor's portrayal of someone in a play" - theatrical roles, not suitable.

8. sense_key=part%1:21:00:: - "assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group" - financial/legal shares, not suitable.

9. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: - "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole" - synonyms: section, division. Examples: "the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company"

This also seems like a strong candidate. The study could be seen as a section or division of the project.

10. sense_key=part%1:08:01:: - hair parting, not suitable.

11. sense_key=part%1:10:00:: - musical part, not suitable.

12. sense_key=part%1:04:03:: - "the part played by a person in bringing about a result" - contribution/share, examples mention "my contribution", "their share", not suitable.

Now comparing sense 1 and sense 9:

Sense 1 (part%1:24:00::): "something determined in relation to something that includes it" - focuses on the relationship of being a component/constituent of a larger whole. The example "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself" fits the abstract relationship.

Sense 9 (part%1:09:00::): "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole" - focuses on divisions/sections. The examples given are "the written part of the exam" and "the finance section of the company" - these suggest distinct segments or sections.

In the phrase "as part of the EPOC project", the study is being presented as a constituent element or component of the project. It's not necessarily a "section" or "division" in the sense of being one of several equal divisions, but rather an element that belongs to the larger project.

Sense 1 seems to be the best fit because:
- The gloss emphasizes the relationship to something that includes it
- The synonyms include "component" and "constituent"
- The example "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself" captures the "part of" construction with an abstract whole (like a project)

Sense 9 could work, but it seems to emphasize the division aspect more (sections of an exam, sections of a company), whereas here we're talking about a study that is a component activity or output of the project.

Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet definitions:

Sense 9 (part%1:09:00::) is often used for:
- "part of the exam"
- "part of the company"
- "which part of town do you live in?"

Sense 1 (part%1:24:00::) is often used for:
- "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger"
- "I read a portion of the manuscript"

In the context "as part of the EPOC project", the phrase "part of" is being used to indicate constituent membership - the study belongs to/is included in the project.

Looking at the examples again:
- Sense 1: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript"
- Sense 9: "the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company"

The phrase "part of the EPOC project" is similar to "part of the exam" or "part of the company" which would suggest sense 9. However, "part of the exam" refers to a section/portion of the exam, whereas "part of the company" could be ambiguous.

But wait, looking at sense 9's gloss: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole".

In "as part of the EPOC project", the study is not necessarily a "portion into which the project is divided" - rather, the study is a component or element of the project. The project consists of various activities, one of which is this study.

Sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it". This seems to capture the relationship well - the study is something that is included in/relation to the EPOC project.

Let me reconsider. In WordNet:
- Sense 1 (noun.part) is typically the most general sense of something being a component or constituent of a larger whole.
- Sense 9 (noun.relation) seems to be more about sections or subdivisions.

But looking at the actual WordNet entries online or standard usage:
- "Part of" constructions can map to either.

However, looking at the gloss for sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole"
And sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it"

The phrase "as part of" is an idiom that usually means "as a component/element of".

Let me check the examples of sense 12: "the part played by a person" - no, that's about contribution.

Actually, I think sense 1 is the best fit. The study is a "component part" or "constituent" of the EPOC project.

But let me double-check sense 9. If we say "the finance section of the company", that's sense 9. "The written part of the exam" - that's sense 9. These are distinct sections.

"Part of the EPOC project" - the study isn't necessarily a "section" of the project, but rather a component activity or deliverable of the project.

Wait, I should look at the indices. The user asks for the "sense_index". Looking at the list:
1. sense_key=part%1:24:00::
2. sense_key=part%1:06:00::
3. sense_key=part%1:17:00::
4. sense_key=part%1:09:02::
5. sense_key=part%1:15:00::
6. sense_key=part%1:04:01::
7. sense_key=part%1:09:01::
8. sense_key=part%1:21:00::
9. sense_key=part%1:09:00::
10. sense_key=part%1:08:01::
11. sense_key=part%1:10:00::
12. sense_key=part%1:04:03::

So the index numbers are 1-12 as listed.

Between 1 and 9:
- Sense 1: part%1:24:00:: (this is actually "noun.Tops" or similar in WordNet hierarchy - the most general part)
- Sense 9: part%1:09:00:: (this is "noun.relation" - sections/divisions)

Actually, looking at WordNet:
- part%1:24:00:: is under noun.Tops (the most general sense)
- part%1:09:00:: is under noun.relation

In "as part of the EPOC project", the meaning is that the study is a constituent or component of the project. This aligns with sense 1 (component, constituent, portion).

Sense 9 is more about divisions or sections (like parts of an exam, parts of a book).

Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice.

Let me reconsider if sense 6 could fit: "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" - "do its part". This is about roles/duties. The study isn't a "role" played by the Foundation in the project, it's a component output of the project.

Sense 12: "contribution, share" - could theoretically work, but implies active participation/doing work, whereas the context is about the study being a component of the project.

Sense 1 is clearly the best.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: assess
Target surface form: assesses
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which <t>assesses</t> the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=assess%2:31:00:: | definition=evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of | synonyms=measure, evaluate, valuate, appraise, value | examples=I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional; access all the factors when taking a risk
2. sense_key=assess%2:40:01:: | definition=charge (a person or a property) with a payment, such as a tax or a fine
3. sense_key=assess%2:40:00:: | definition=set or determine the amount of (a payment such as a fine) | synonyms=tax
4. sense_key=assess%2:31:01:: | definition=estimate the value of (property) for taxation | examples=Our house hasn't been assessed in years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "assesses" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The Foundation published a comparative study
 - This study "assesses" the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability
 - The study is based on 195 personal interviews...

 So the study is evaluating or estimating the nature/quality/extent of something (the extent to which direct participation can humanise work...).

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=assess%2:31:00:: | definition=evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of | synonyms=measure, evaluate, valuate, appraise, value | examples=I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional; access all the factors when taking a risk

 This fits perfectly. The study is evaluating/estimating the extent to which...

 2. sense_key=assess%2:40:01:: | definition=charge (a person or a property) with a payment, such as a tax or a fine

 This is about charging money/taxes. Doesn't fit. The study isn't charging anyone money.

 3. sense_key=assess%2:40:00:: | definition=set or determine the amount of (a payment such as a fine) | synonyms=tax

 Again about setting amounts for payments/fines/taxes. Doesn't fit.

 4. sense_key=assess%2:31:01:: | definition=estimate the value of (property) for taxation | examples=Our house hasn't been assessed in years

 This is specifically about property valuation for tax purposes. Doesn't fit - we're talking about assessing the extent of participation effects, not property value.

 So sense 1 is clearly the correct one. The context involves a study evaluating/measuring the extent to which something happens (direct participation humanising work and increasing profitability).

 The synonyms for sense 1 include evaluate, measure, valuate, appraise, value - and "evaluate" fits perfectly here (the study evaluates the extent...).

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 Wait, I need to check the format. The user wants:
 {"sense_index": 3}

 But with the correct index. Since sense 1 is the correct one:
 {"sense_index": 1}

 Let me double-check the sense keys to make sure I'm mapping correctly:
 - Candidate 1: assess%2:31:00:: (evaluate/estimate nature, quality, etc.)
 - Candidate 2: assess%2:40:01:: (charge with payment)
 - Candidate 3: assess%2:40:00:: (set/determine amount of payment)
 - Candidate 4: assess%2:31:01:: (estimate value of property for taxation)

 Yes, sense 1 is definitely the correct one. The context is about a study evaluating or estimating the extent/nature of something (direct participation effects), not about taxation or charging money.

 The instruction says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key" and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}".

 So I should return: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the <t>extent</t> to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "extent" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the <t>extent</t> to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."
 - The phrase is "the extent to which direct participation can humanise work..."
 - This is asking about the degree or scope to which something happens or is true.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
    - This sense refers to degree, scope, or magnitude of something abstract.
    - Examples: "extent of the damage" (how much damage), "full extent of the law" (how far the law reaches)
    - This fits with "the extent to which..." which is a common construction indicating degree or scope.

 2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent
    - This sense refers to physical size, area, or spatial dimensions.
    - Examples: "extent of the desert" (physical area), "orchard of considerable extent" (physical size)
    - This is about physical space, not abstract degree.

 In the context, "the extent to which direct participation can humanise work" is talking about the degree or scope of the effect, not a physical area or distance. It's about how much or to what degree participation can humanise work.

 The construction "extent to which" is a strong indicator of sense 1 (degree/point), not sense 2 (physical area).

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (extent%1:26:00::).

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00::
 2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00::

 So sense_index should be 1.

 Let me verify with WordNet:
 - extent%1:26:00:: - "the point or degree to which something extends" - this is the abstract sense
 - extent%1:07:00:: - "the distance or area or volume over which something extends" - this is the physical sense

 Yes, "the extent to which" clearly maps to sense 1.

 The context is about assessing how much (to what degree) direct participation can humanise work - this is about the degree or scope of an abstract concept, not physical dimensions.

 So the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: direct
Target surface form: direct
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which <t>direct</t> participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=direct%3:00:00:: | definition=direct in spatial dimensions; proceeding without deviation or interruption; straight and short | examples=a direct route; a direct flight
2. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:immediate:00 | definition=having no intervening persons, agents, conditions | synonyms=unmediated | examples=in direct sunlight; in direct contact with the voters
3. sense_key=direct%3:00:02:: | definition=straightforward in means or manner or behavior or language or action | examples=a direct question; a direct response
4. sense_key=direct%3:00:04:: | definition=in a straight unbroken line of descent from parent to child | synonyms=lineal | examples=lineal ancestors; lineal heirs
5. sense_key=direct%3:00:05:: | definition=moving from west to east on the celestial sphere; or--for planets--around the sun in the same direction as the Earth
6. sense_key=direct%3:00:03:: | definition=similar in nature or effect or relation to another quantity | examples=a term is in direct proportion to another term if it increases (or decreases) as the other increases (or decreases)
7. sense_key=direct%3:00:01:: | definition=(of a current) flowing in one direction only | examples=direct current
8. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:primary:00 | definition=being an immediate result or consequence | examples=a direct result of the accident
9. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:exact:00 | definition=in precisely the same words used by a writer or speaker | synonyms=verbatim | examples=a direct quotation; repeated their dialog verbatim
10. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:absolute:00 | definition=lacking compromising or mitigating elements; exact | examples=the direct opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "direct" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which <t>direct</t> participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."

 The phrase is "direct participation". This refers to participation by workers or employees directly, without intermediaries, in decision-making processes or management.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=direct%3:00:00:: - direct in spatial dimensions; proceeding without deviation or interruption; straight and short
    - Examples: a direct route; a direct flight
    - This is spatial/physical sense. Not applicable to "participation".

 2. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:immediate:00 - having no intervening persons, agents, conditions
    - Synonyms: unmediated
    - Examples: in direct sunlight; in direct contact with the voters
    - This fits "direct participation" well - participation without intermediaries, unmediated involvement.

 3. sense_key=direct%3:00:02:: - straightforward in means or manner or behavior or language or action
    - Examples: a direct question; a direct response
    - This is about being blunt or straightforward. Not the right sense for "participation" in this organizational context.

 4. sense_key=direct%3:00:04:: - in a straight unbroken line of descent from parent to child
    - Synonyms: lineal
    - Examples: lineal ancestors; lineal heirs
    - This is about lineage. Not applicable.

 5. sense_key=direct%3:00:05:: - moving from west to east on the celestial sphere...
    - Astronomical sense. Not applicable.

 6. sense_key=direct%3:00:03:: - similar in nature or effect or relation to another quantity
    - Mathematical sense (direct proportion). Not applicable.

 7. sense_key=direct%3:00:01:: - (of a current) flowing in one direction only
    - Electrical sense. Not applicable.

 8. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:primary:00 - being an immediate result or consequence
    - Examples: a direct result of the accident
    - This is about causation. "Direct participation" isn't about being a result, but about the manner of involvement.

 9. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:exact:00 - in precisely the same words used by a writer or speaker
    - Examples: a direct quotation
    - About verbatim reproduction. Not applicable.

 10. sense_key=direct%5:00:00:absolute:00 - lacking compromising or mitigating elements; exact
    - Examples: the direct opposite
    - About being exact/absolute. Not the right sense.

 The best fit is sense 2: "having no intervening persons, agents, conditions" with synonyms "unmediated".

 In the context of workplace participation, "direct participation" refers to employees being involved in decision-making processes without intermediaries (like unions or representatives) - it's unmediated participation. This matches sense 2 perfectly.

 The context is about "direct participation" in work humanization and profitability - this is a management/organizational behavior term referring to immediate, unmediated involvement of workers in organizational decisions.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 2.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: participation
Target surface form: participation
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct <t>participation</t> can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=participation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of sharing in the activities of a group | synonyms=engagement, involvement, involution | examples=the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities
2. sense_key=participation%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) | synonyms=involvement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "participation" in the given context.

First, let me analyze the context:
- The text is about a conference organized by the Foundation
- It discusses involving users in service planning and provision
- It mentions "direct participation" in the context of "humanise work while increasing profitability"
- The study assesses "the extent to which direct participation can humanise work"
- This is about employees or stakeholders participating directly in activities/decisions

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

Sense 1: participation%1:04:00::
- Definition: the act of sharing in the activities of a group
- Synonyms: engagement, involvement, involution
- Example: "the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities"
- This seems to be about active involvement in doing things/activities

Sense 2: participation%1:26:00::
- Definition: the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.)
- Synonyms: involvement
- This seems to be more about the state or condition of being a participant/partner, rather than the action itself

Analyzing the specific context:
"the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability"

Here, "participation" refers to employees or workers taking part in activities, decision-making, or operations of the work/organization. This is about the act of sharing in activities (work-related activities), not just the condition of being in a common relationship.

The phrase "direct participation" in a work context typically means employees actively engaging in or taking part in work processes, decision-making, etc. This fits better with sense 1 (the act of sharing in activities) rather than sense 2 (the condition of sharing in common with others).

Also, looking at the broader context about "involvement in service provision" and "involve users in service planning", this suggests active involvement/engagement in activities.

Sense 1's example mentions "engagement in class activities" which parallels "participation in work" - both are about active involvement in activities/tasks.

Sense 2 seems more abstract - about being in a state of partnership or commonality.

Therefore, sense 1 (participation%1:04:00::) is the best fit.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work
Target surface form: work
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise <t>work</t> while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work%1:04:00:: | definition=activity directed toward making or doing something | examples=she checked several points needing further work
2. sense_key=work%1:06:00:: | definition=a product produced or accomplished through the effort or activity or agency of a person or thing | synonyms=piece of work | examples=it is not regarded as one of his more memorable works; the symphony was hailed as an ingenious work
3. sense_key=work%1:04:01:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=employment | examples=he is looking for employment; a lot of people are out of work
4. sense_key=work%1:09:00:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=study | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
5. sense_key=work%1:19:00:: | definition=(physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force | examples=work equals force times distance
6. sense_key=work%1:06:01:: | definition=a place where work is done | synonyms=workplace | examples=he arrived at work early today
7. sense_key=work%1:06:02:: | definition=the total output of a writer or artist (or a substantial part of it) | synonyms=oeuvre, body of work | examples=he studied the entire Wagnerian oeuvre; Picasso's work can be divided into periods

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the target word "work" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:

 "The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise <t>work</t> while increasing profitability."

 Key context clues:
 1. "direct participation" - suggests involvement in labor/employment
 2. "humanise work" - make work more humane/bearable for workers
 3. "increasing profitability" - business context, suggests economic activity
 4. The broader context is about service provision, social partners, employment relations

 Now let's evaluate the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=work%1:04:00:: | definition=activity directed toward making or doing something
    - This is a general sense of activity/effort. While possible, it's quite broad.

 2. sense_key=work%1:06:00:: | definition=a product produced or accomplished...
    - This refers to a finished product or creation (like artwork, symphony). Doesn't fit "humanise work" in the context of profitability and participation.

 3. sense_key=work%1:04:01:: | definition=the occupation for which you are paid | synonyms=employment
    - This fits very well. "Humanise work" means making employment/jobs more humane. "Increasing profitability" fits with paid occupation/employment context. "Direct participation" likely refers to worker participation in decision-making in their jobs/employment.

 4. sense_key=work%1:09:00:: | definition=applying the mind to learning...
    - This is about studying/academic work. Doesn't fit with profitability and the context of service provision and social partners (unions/employers).

 5. sense_key=work%1:19:00:: | definition=(physics) a manifestation of energy...
    - Physics definition. Clearly wrong in this social policy context.

 6. sense_key=work%1:06:01:: | definition=a place where work is done | synonyms=workplace
    - This refers to the physical location. While "humanise the workplace" makes sense, the gloss says "a place" and the examples show "arrived at work". In the sentence "humanise work", if it meant workplace, it would likely say "humanise the work environment" or be clearer. Also, "workplace" is a different sense.

 7. sense_key=work%1:06:02:: | definition=the total output of a writer or artist...
    - This is about artistic/literary corpus. Wrong context.

 Sense 3 seems the best fit: "the occupation for which you are paid" / employment. The context discusses social partners (unions and employers), service users, participation in work/employment, and profitability - all pointing to the employment sense.

 The phrase "humanise work" is commonly used in labor studies and industrial relations to refer to making jobs and employment conditions more humane, which aligns with sense 3 (employment/occupation).

 Also, the EPOC project likely stands for something like "Employee Participation and Organisational Change" or similar, given the context of "direct participation".

 Therefore, the answer should be sense index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increasing
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while <t>increasing</t> profitability. The study is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%2:30:00:: | definition=become bigger or greater in amount | examples=The amount of work increased
2. sense_key=increase%2:30:02:: | definition=make bigger or more | examples=The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "increasing" in the given context.

Target: increasing (lemma: increase)
Context: "...assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%2:30:00:: | definition=become bigger or greater in amount | examples=The amount of work increased
2. sense_key=increase%2:30:02:: | definition=make bigger or more | examples=The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted

Let me analyze the context:
- "direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability"
- Here, "increasing" is a present participle/gerund functioning as part of a verb phrase.
- The subject is "direct participation" (the participation is doing the increasing)
- But wait, let's look at the structure: "direct participation can humanise work while [direct participation is] increasing profitability"
- Or is it "direct participation can humanise work while [someone/something is] increasing profitability"?

Actually, looking at the sentence: "assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability"

The subject of "increasing" is "direct participation". So direct participation is increasing profitability.

Now, is "increasing" being used transitively or intransitively here?
- If transitive: "increasing profitability" = making profitability bigger/more (causative)
- If intransitive: "increasing profitability" = profitability is becoming bigger (but then the subject would be profitability, not direct participation)

Wait, "profitability" is the object of "increasing". So "increasing" is being used transitively here. Direct participation is making profitability bigger.

Let's check the WordNet senses:
1. increase%2:30:00:: - become bigger or greater in amount (intransitive)
   - Example: "The amount of work increased" - intransitive, no object
2. increase%2:30:02:: - make bigger or more (transitive)
   - Examples: "The boss finally increased her salary" (transitive), "The university increased the number of students it admitted" (transitive)

In the context, "increasing profitability" has an object "profitability". Therefore, it's the transitive sense (make bigger or more).

So the answer should be sense 2.

Let me double-check:
- "increasing profitability" - here "profitability" is the direct object being acted upon by the subject "direct participation"
- This matches sense 2: "make bigger or more"
- Sense 1 is intransitive: "become bigger" - this would be used like "profitability is increasing" (where profitability is the subject, not the object)

Therefore, the correct sense is sense 2 (increase%2:30:02::).

The user wants only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: study
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The <t>study</t> is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "study" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The <t>study</t> is based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."

 Key clues:
 1. It was "published" by the Foundation
 2. It's a "comparative study"
 3. It's "based on 195 personal interviews"
 4. It assesses something (assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work...)
 5. It's part of the EPOC project

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. study%1:04:00:: - a detailed critical inspection (synonyms=survey)
    - This could fit because it's based on interviews and assesses something, which suggests an inspection/investigation.

 2. study%1:09:03:: - applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) (synonyms=work)
    - This refers to the activity/act of studying, not a published document.

 3. study%1:10:00:: - a written document describing the findings of some individual or group (synonyms=report, written report)
    - This fits very well: it was published, it's based on interviews (findings), and it describes research results.

 4. study%1:09:04:: - a state of deep mental absorption
    - Doesn't fit - not talking about a mental state.

 5. study%1:06:00:: - a room used for reading and writing
    - Doesn't fit - not a physical room.

 6. study%1:09:02:: - a branch of knowledge (synonyms=discipline, subject...)
    - Doesn't fit - not talking about a field of study like "biology is a study"

 7. study%1:06:01:: - preliminary drawing for later elaboration
    - Doesn't fit - not an artistic sketch.

 8. study%1:09:01:: - attentive consideration and meditation
    - Doesn't fit - not the act of considering.

 9. study%1:18:00:: - someone who memorizes quickly
    - Doesn't fit - not a person.

 10. study%1:10:01:: - a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique
    - Doesn't fit - not a musical or artistic composition for practice.

 The best candidates are 1 and 3.

 Sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection" - this emphasizes the investigation/inspection aspect.
 Sense 3: "a written document describing the findings" - this emphasizes the published report aspect.

 The context says:
 - "published a comparative study"
 - "The study is based on 195 personal interviews"

 When something is published and based on interviews, it's referring to the document/report that contains the findings. The fact that it was "published" strongly suggests a written document (sense 3).

 Also, the example for sense 3 says: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" - which implies a published work.

 Sense 1 (detailed critical inspection) is more about the act of investigating, but here we have a published artifact that is based on interviews. The phrase "comparative study" in academic contexts usually refers to a research paper or report.

 Moreover, sense 3 has synonyms "report, written report" which matches perfectly with something that is published and based on interview data.

 Therefore, sense 3 (index 3) is the best choice.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is <t>based</t> on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "based" in the given context. The target lemma is "base" and the surface form is "based".

Let me analyze the context:
"The study is <t>based</t> on 195 personal interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."

This means the study uses the 195 personal interviews as its foundation or basis.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
   - This seems to fit perfectly. The study uses the interviews as a basis/foundation.
   - The example "base a claim on some observation" is structurally similar to "based on 195 personal interviews".

2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
   - This is about physical location or situating something somewhere. The context is not about locating the study somewhere, but about what it relies on for its foundation.

3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base
   - This is clearly about drug use, which is completely irrelevant to the academic context of a study based on interviews.

So sense 1 is clearly the correct choice. The structure "is based on" is a common passive construction meaning "uses as a foundation/basis".

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services. The Foundation recently published a comparative study as part of the EPOC project which assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability. The study is based on 195 <t>personal</t> interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries. As important industrial sectors, the metal industry and the banking sector were also included.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "personal" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The sentence is: "The study is based on 195 <t>personal</t> interviews with senior officials of the social partners as representatives of national level peak organisations in fifteen European countries."
- "Personal interviews" here means interviews conducted face-to-face or directly with individuals, as opposed to telephone, mail, or group interviews.
- Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
   - This is about private life/personality. "Personal interviews" in this context doesn't mean interviews about their private lives, but rather interviews conducted in person/directly.

2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
   - This would be like "personal opinion". Not quite right.

3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
   - This is about personality traits. Not fitting.

4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
   - Wait, the definition says "intimately concerning a person's body or physical being" with example "personal hygiene". But "personal interview" often means face-to-face/in person. However, is this the right sense? Let me reconsider.

Actually, looking at WordNet, there might be a sense missing or I need to map carefully. Let me think about what "personal interview" means here.

In research methodology, a "personal interview" typically means a face-to-face interview, i.e., conducted in person. But looking at the provided senses:

Sense 1: concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality (e.g., personal favor, for your personal use)
Sense 2: particular to a given individual (subjective)
Sense 3: of or arising from personality (personal magnetism)
Sense 4: intimately concerning a person's body or physical being (personal hygiene)
Sense 5: indicating grammatical person

Wait, none of these explicitly say "done in person" or "face-to-face". But sense 1 is the most common adjectival sense. Let me reconsider if "personal interviews" could mean interviews conducted personally (i.e., by the researcher themselves) or face-to-face.

Actually, in many dictionaries, "personal" when modifying "interview" in this context means "conducted in person" or "face-to-face". But looking at the WordNet senses provided, sense 1 is "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality".

However, "personal interview" can also mean an interview with a particular person (as opposed to a group or written survey). But the key is that it's 195 interviews with senior officials - these are individual interviews.

Wait, let me look at the gloss for sense 1 again: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality". The examples are "a personal favor; for your personal use". This sense is about something belonging to or directed towards a specific individual.

But "personal interview" in academic/research contexts often means "face-to-face interview". Is there a sense that's closer to "involving direct contact"?

Looking at the candidate senses again, none explicitly mention "in person" or "face-to-face". But sense 4 is "intimately concerning a person's body or physical being" - that's about physical being, not about being physically present.

Let me reconsider. Maybe the intended sense is sense 1, where "personal" means relating to a particular individual (as opposed to group or organizational). The interviews are with individual senior officials - they are personal in the sense that they concern particular persons.

But wait - "personal interview" is a collocation. In WordNet, the adjective "personal" has several senses. Let me think about which WordNet sense would cover "personal interview" meaning a face-to-face interview.

Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
- Sense 1: personal (concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality) - "a personal favor"; "for your personal use"
- Sense 2: personal (particular to a given individual) - "individual experience"; "personal motivation"
- Sense 3: personal (of or arising from personality) - "personal magnetism"
- Sense 4: personal (intimately concerning a person's body or physical being) - "personal hygiene"; "personal care"
- Sense 5: personal (indicating grammatical person) - "personal verb endings"

Hmm, but "personal interview" as in "conducted face-to-face" - which sense would that map to? It might actually map to sense 1 or sense 2. But wait, in WordNet, there might be another sense I'm not seeing because the user only provided 5 senses.

Wait, looking carefully at the sense keys:
1. personal%3:00:00::
2. personal%5:00:00:subjective:00
3. personal%3:01:01::
4. personal%5:00:00:physical:00
5. personal%3:01:00::

The sense keys with %5 are adjective satellites (adjective satellites in WordNet are marked with 5 in the lexicographer file number? No, actually in WordNet sense keys, %3 is adjective, %5 is adjective satellite? Wait, no: in WordNet, %3 is adjective, %5 is adjective satellite? Let me recall: in WordNet 2.0+ sense keys, %1 is noun, %2 is verb, %3 is adjective, %4 is adverb, %5 is adjective satellite. Actually, I think %3 is adjective and %5 is adjective satellite.

But regardless, I need to choose from these 5.

Let me think about the phrase "personal interviews". In the context of research methodology, "personal interviews" means interviews conducted face-to-face, i.e., the interviewer and interviewee are physically present together.

But looking at the definitions:
- Sense 1: concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality
- Sense 2: particular to a given individual
- Sense 3: of or arising from personality
- Sense 4: intimately concerning a person's body or physical being
- Sense 5: indicating grammatical person

None of these perfectly capture "face-to-face". However, "personal" in "personal interview" could be interpreted as "conducted directly with the person" (sense 1 or 2).

Actually, I should check if "personal interview" might be using sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person" - the interview is with a particular person (as opposed to a group interview or a survey). But the phrase is "195 personal interviews with senior officials" - this emphasizes that they interviewed 195 individual persons.

Wait, but there's another angle. In some WordNet versions, "personal" might have a sense like "carried out in person" or "involving direct presence". But since it's not listed, I have to choose the best fit among the given ones.

Let me reconsider sense 4: "intimately concerning a person's body or physical being" - example "personal hygiene". This is about physical being. A "personal interview" is not about physical being.

Sense 2: "particular to a given individual" - example might be "personal experience". A personal interview could be an interview particular to a given individual... but that's a stretch.

Sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality" - examples "a personal favor; for your personal use". This is the most general sense of relating to a specific person. "Personal interviews" are interviews with specific persons (as opposed to collecting data from organizations or documents).

Actually, in the context: "based on 195 personal interviews with senior officials". This means they conducted interviews personally with these officials. The word "personal" here likely means "in person" or "face-to-face". But if I have to map it to the given senses, which is closest?

Let me search my internal knowledge of WordNet senses for "personal". In WordNet 3.1, the senses are:
1. concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality
2. particular to a given individual
3. intimately concerning a person's body or physical being
4. indicating grammatical person
5. of or arising from personality

Wait, the ordering might be different. But the definitions provided match.

Actually, I recall that "personal interview" in the context of research often uses the sense of "done in person". But in WordNet, the adjective "personal" doesn't have a separate sense for "done in person". It falls under sense 1 or 2.

But wait - could sense 4 "intimately concerning a person's body or physical being" be extended to mean "involving physical presence"? The example is "personal hygiene". No, that's about the body.

Let me think about the phrase "personal interview" more carefully. If you say "I conducted a personal interview", it means you met the person and talked to them directly. This is opposed to a phone interview, email survey, etc. In this meaning, "personal" = "in person".

Is there any sense among the candidates that relates to physical presence? Sense 4 mentions "physical being". But "personal interview" isn't about the body.

Alternatively, maybe the intended answer is sense 1, because the interview concerns a particular person. The study is based on interviews with particular individuals (senior officials).

But let me look at the context again. "195 personal interviews with senior officials". If they wanted to say face-to-face, they might have said "in-person interviews". But "personal interviews" is a common term in European/English research writing for face-to-face interviews.

However, looking at the candidate senses, sense 1 is the head adjective sense (personal%3:00:00::). The satellite senses are more specialized. In many WSD tasks, when a more specific satellite sense doesn't fit, the head sense is chosen. But here, sense 1 seems plausible: the interviews concern particular persons.

Wait, I should consider sense 2: "particular to a given individual". A personal interview is an interview particular to a given individual (as opposed to a group interview or a collective response). But sense 1 also has this meaning.

Let me look at the exact WordNet definitions again. Sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality". This is about private life. The interviews are with senior officials as representatives of national level peak organisations. They are not about their private lives.

Sense 2: "particular to a given individual". This could mean the interviews are individual (one-on-one) rather than group. That fits well! "Particular to a given individual" - the interviews are conducted with individuals.

Sense 3: "of or arising from personality" - no.
Sense 4: "intimately concerning a person's body or physical being" - no.
Sense 5: grammatical - no.

So it's between sense 1 and sense 2. Sense 2 (particular to a given individual) seems to fit "personal interviews" better if we interpret it as interviews conducted with specific individuals (one-on-one). But wait, the sense key for sense 2 is personal%5:00:00:subjective:00. The definition "particular to a given individual" - examples might include "personal experience".

Actually, looking at the context, the interviews are with senior officials as representatives. They are not necessarily about subjective things. But the interviews themselves are particular to each individual.

However, I need to be careful. In WordNet, sense 2 "particular to a given individual" might be exemplified by words like "individual", "subjective". The satellite is linked to "subjective". So it's about something subjective, particular to an individual's perspective.

Sense 1 is the broader sense: concerning a particular person. "A personal favor" - a favor done for a particular person. "For your personal use" - use by a particular person. "Personal interviews" - interviews with a particular person (face-to-face).

Actually, I think I need to reconsider the standard mapping. In many lexical resources, "personal interview" where "personal" means "conducted face-to-face" is not directly listed, but it maps to sense 1 as the default. However, let me think if there's a better fit.

Wait, I just realized: in some versions of WordNet, "personal" as in "personal interview" might actually be sense 1 because it's the only one that can modify "interview" in this way. But let me check if "personal" in "personal interview" could mean "done by the person themselves" (i.e., the researcher conducted them personally). The context says "The study is based on 195 personal interviews". This implies the researchers conducted interviews personally (themselves) or face-to-face.

But none of the senses mention "done by oneself".

Let me reconsider sense 4: "intimately concerning a person's body or physical being". Could "personal interview" mean an interview involving the physical presence of the person? The definition says "intimately concerning a person's body or physical being". That's not about presence.

I think the best choice is sense 1. But let me double-check by searching my knowledge of how "personal interview" is typically sense-tagged.

In SemCor or other sense-tagged corpora, "personal" in "personal interview" might be tagged with sense 1 (the first sense). Actually, I recall that "personal" is highly polysemous but sense 1 is the most frequent and covers "relating to a person".

Wait, there's another possibility. The phrase "personal interviews" in this context might contrast with "telephone interviews" or "mail surveys". In that case, "personal" means "involving direct contact/physical presence". But since there's no specific sense for that, and sense 4 mentions "physical being", could it be that sense 4 is the closest? No, because "personal hygiene" is about caring for one's own body. "Personal interview" is not about the body.

Let me look at the exact wording of sense 1 again: "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality". The key part is "concerning or affecting a particular person". The interviews concern particular persons (the senior officials). So sense 1 fits.

Sense 2: "particular to a given individual". This is similar but more about subjectivity. The interview isn't particular to the individual in the sense of being unique to them (though each interview is unique), but rather it is an interview with a person.

I think sense 1 is the intended answer. But I'm not entirely sure. Let me think if there's any other clue.

The context mentions "direct participation" in the previous sentence: "assesses the extent to which direct participation can humanise work while increasing profitability." Then "The study is based on 195 personal interviews..." The word "direct" appears earlier. "Personal interviews" here likely means face-to-face, direct interviews.

But looking at the candidate senses, sense 1 is the only one that broadly means "relating to a person". In many WSD systems, when the specific sense isn't available, the first sense (most general) is chosen for "personal" when it means "relating to individuals".

Actually, I want to reconsider sense 2. The definition is "particular to a given individual". If the interviews are personal, they are particular to each individual official. But the sense key includes "subjective" which suggests it's about subjective experience. The interviews are with officials as representatives of organizations, so they are not necessarily subjective.

Sense 1 examples: "a personal favor; for your personal use". These are about something directed toward or used by a specific person. A personal interview is an interview directed toward/conducted with a specific person.

Therefore, sense 1 seems best.

Wait, I should also consider if "personal" here means "in person" and if that maps to sense 4 via "physical being". But "personal appearance" (appearing in person) might be related to physical being? No, that's a stretch.

Let me check the WordNet sense keys format. personal%3:00:00:: is the main sense (adj.all). personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 is an adjective satellite linked to subjective. personal%3:01:01:: is another main sense. personal%5:00:00:physical:00 is a satellite linked to physical. personal%3:01:00:: is another main sense.

Given that "personal interview" as a collocation typically means a face-to-face interview, and none of the senses explicitly cover that, I need to choose the least bad option. But actually, looking at dictionary definitions outside WordNet, "personal" can mean "done or made by a particular person; involving the actual presence or action of a particular individual" (e.g., "personal appearance"). This is close to sense 1.

I will go with sense 1.

But wait, I want to be more careful. Let me think about whether "personal" in "personal interviews" could be sense 2. In WordNet, sense 2 "particular to a given individual" is a satellite of "subjective". Words like "individual" might be in this synset. If "personal interview" means an interview with an individual (as opposed to a group), then sense 2 might fit because it's "particular to a given individual" - one individual at a time. However, the definition "particular to a given individual" is quite close to "concerning a particular person".

Actually, looking at the examples for sense 2 (which aren't provided but I can infer), they might be "personal experience", "personal belief". These are subjective. The interviews in the text are with senior officials as representatives - they are likely giving official views, not personal/subjective views. So sense 2 is less likely.

Sense 1 is broader: concerning a particular person. The interviews are concerning particular persons.

Thus, sense_index: 1.

However, I recall that in some WSD datasets, "personal" in "personal interview" is tagged with sense 1. Let me go with that.

Final check: The user wants a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.