[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the <t>case</t> until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "case" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence containing the target word is: "It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the <t>case</t> until the end of the year."

 The speaker (Mace Blicksilver) is describing the current state of the market - it's calm, within a narrow margin, with weak trading volumes. He predicts this situation/state will continue until the end of the year.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: - an occurrence of something (instance, example)
    - Doesn't fit well. He's not saying this will remain an "occurrence" until the end of the year.

 2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: - a special set of circumstances (event)
    - Examples: "in that event", "in which case the picnic will be canceled"
    - This could work. "This will remain the case" = this set of circumstances will remain.

 3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: - legal proceeding (lawsuit)
    - Not relevant here.

 4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: - the actual state of things
    - Examples: "that was not the case"
    - This fits very well. "This will remain the case" means "this will remain the actual state of things" or "this situation will continue to be true."

 5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: - portable container
    - Not relevant.

 6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: - person requiring professional services
    - Not relevant.

 7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: - experimental subject
    - Not relevant.

 8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: - problem requiring investigation
    - Not relevant (like a detective case).

 9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: - statement of facts and reasons
    - Not relevant.

 10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: - quantity contained in a case
    - Not relevant.

 11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: - grammatical case
    - Not relevant.

 12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: - specific state of mind (case of the jitters)
    - Could be close, but this is usually for medical/mental conditions, not market conditions.

 13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: - person of specified kind (character)
    - Not relevant.

 14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: - type/font case
    - Not relevant.

 15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: - enveloping structure/sheath
    - Not relevant.

 16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: - housing/outer covering
    - Not relevant.

 17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: - door/window frame
    - Not relevant.

 18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: - compositor's case (printing)
    - Not relevant.

 19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: - pillowcase
    - Not relevant.

 20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: - display case
    - Not relevant.

 Now comparing sense 2 and sense 4:

 Sense 2: "a special set of circumstances" - often used in conditional contexts like "in case" or "in which case"
 Sense 4: "the actual state of things" - often used in phrases like "that is the case", "that is not the case", "remain the case"

 The phrase "remain the case" is a very common collocation with sense 4. It means the current situation/state of affairs will continue.

 Sense 4 (case%1:09:00::) definition: "the actual state of things"
 Example: "that was not the case"

 The usage here: "this will remain the case until the end of the year" clearly matches sense 4. It refers to the current state of the market (calm, narrow margin, weak volumes) continuing to be the actual state of things.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 4.

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=case%1:11:00::
 2. sense_key=case%1:26:00::
 3. sense_key=case%1:04:00::
 4. sense_key=case%1:09:00::
 ...

 So sense 4 corresponds to sense_key=case%1:09:00::.

 Yes, that matches my analysis.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 4}

provider: Novita


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: end
Target surface form: end
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the <t>end</t> of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=end%1:15:00:: | definition=either extremity of something that has length | synonyms=terminal | examples=the end of the pier; she knotted the end of the thread
2. sense_key=end%1:28:00:: | definition=the point in time at which something ends | synonyms=ending | examples=the end of the year; the ending of warranty period
3. sense_key=end%1:11:00:: | definition=the concluding parts of an event or occurrence | synonyms=last, final stage | examples=the end was exciting; I had to miss the last of the movie
4. sense_key=end%1:09:02:: | definition=the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it | synonyms=goal | examples=the ends justify the means
5. sense_key=end%1:09:00:: | definition=a final part or section | examples=we have given it at the end of the section since it involves the calculus; Start at the beginning and go on until you come to the end
6. sense_key=end%1:26:00:: | definition=a final state | synonyms=destruction, death | examples=he came to a bad end; the so-called glorious experiment came to an inglorious end
7. sense_key=end%1:15:02:: | definition=the surface at either extremity of a three-dimensional object | examples=one end of the box was marked `This side up'
8. sense_key=end%1:18:00:: | definition=(football) the person who plays at one end of the line of scrimmage | examples=the end managed to hold onto the pass
9. sense_key=end%1:15:01:: | definition=a boundary marking the extremities of something | examples=the end of town
10. sense_key=end%1:15:03:: | definition=one of two places from which people are communicating to each other | examples=the phone rang at the other end; both ends wrote at the same time
11. sense_key=end%1:04:00:: | definition=the part you are expected to play | examples=he held up his end
12. sense_key=end%1:10:00:: | definition=the last section of a communication | synonyms=conclusion, close, closing, ending | examples=in conclusion I want to say...
13. sense_key=end%1:06:02:: | definition=a piece of cloth that is left over after the rest has been used or sold | synonyms=remainder, remnant, oddment
14. sense_key=end%1:04:02:: | definition=(American football) a position on the line of scrimmage | examples=no one wanted to play end

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to do Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "end" in the given context.

Context: "Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the <t>end</t> of the year."

The target phrase is "end of the year". This is referring to a point in time - the conclusion of the year.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. end%1:15:00:: - either extremity of something that has length (physical extremity like end of pier) - not temporal
2. end%1:28:00:: - the point in time at which something ends | synonyms=ending | examples=the end of the year; the ending of warranty period - This matches perfectly! The example even includes "the end of the year".
3. end%1:11:00:: - the concluding parts of an event or occurrence - this is about parts of an event, not a specific point in time like "end of the year"
4. end%1:09:02:: - goal/purpose - not relevant here
5. end%1:09:00:: - a final part or section - could be plausible but usually refers to sections of text/documents
6. end%1:26:00:: - final state/destruction - not relevant
7. end%1:15:02:: - surface extremity of 3D object - physical
8. end%1:18:00:: - football player - not relevant
9. end%1:15:01:: - boundary marking extremities - physical location
10. end%1:15:03:: - place for communication - not relevant
11. end%1:04:00:: - expected part to play - not relevant
12. end%1:10:00:: - last section of communication - could be "end" of a speech/writing, but here it's "end of the year"
13. end%1:06:02:: - piece of cloth - not relevant
14. end%1:04:02:: - football position - not relevant

Sense 2 (index 2 in the list, which appears to be sense_key=end%1:28:00::) is clearly the best fit. It specifically mentions "the end of the year" in its examples, and the definition is "the point in time at which something ends".

The user asks for JSON format like {"sense_index": 3} where the index corresponds to the position in the list (1-indexed).

Sense 2 is the second item in the list, so index would be 2.

Wait, let me check the numbering. The candidate senses are numbered 1-14. So:
1. sense_key=end%1:15:00::
2. sense_key=end%1:28:00::
3. sense_key=end%1:11:00::
...

So the correct index is 2.

Definition check: "the point in time at which something ends" - yes, this refers to the temporal conclusion of the year.

The context is about the market remaining calm until the conclusion of the year (temporal endpoint).

Therefore, the answer is {"sense_index": 2}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DigitalOcean

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
Wall Street closes without momentum, slowed by a strengthening dollar The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the <t>year</t>. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "year" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about Wall Street stock market closing
 - The specific sentence with the target word: "It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the <t>year</t>."

 The speaker (Mace Blicksilver) is talking about trading volumes remaining weak until the end of the "year" - meaning the end of the current calendar year or the period of time containing 365/366 days.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
 - This refers to a general period of 365/366 days, often used in phrases like "end of the year", "this year", "next year", etc.
 - The example "in the year 1920" shows it's used for calendar years.

 2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
 - This is more specific to activities like school year, fiscal year, etc. - a subset of the calendar year used for specific purposes.
 - "School year" or "fiscal year" would fit here.

 3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
 - This is the astronomical/physical definition of a year based on orbital mechanics.

 4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High
 - This is the social/academic sense referring to a cohort of students.

 Analysis of the context:
 - "until the end of the year" refers to the end of the current calendar year (the period of 365/366 days).
 - It's not referring to a school year (sense 2) because this is about Wall Street/market trading, not education.
 - It's not referring to an astronomical orbital period (sense 3) in a technical way - it's just referring to the calendar time.
 - It's definitely not referring to a class of students (sense 4).

 Between sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1 (year%1:28:01::) is the general sense of a period of 365/366 days, calendar year.
 - Sense 2 (year%1:28:02::) is for specific activity years like "school year", "tax year", "calendar year" as a specific period for an activity.

 However, looking at the WordNet definitions provided:
 - Sense 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days" - this is the general calendar year.
 - Sense 2: "a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity"

 In the phrase "until the end of the year", this refers to the calendar year (the 365-day period), not a specific activity year like a fiscal year or school year. While it could technically be a fiscal year, the context suggests the general calendar year (2020 or whenever this article is from). The phrase "end of the year" typically refers to December 31st of the calendar year.

 The example in sense 1 includes "in the year 1920" which is the calendar year usage. The phrase "end of the year" maps best to sense 1, which is the basic unit of time containing 365/366 days.

 Actually, let me double-check WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indices correctly. The user provides:
 - sense_key=year%1:28:01::
 - sense_key=year%1:28:02::
 - sense_key=year%1:28:00::
 - sense_key=year%1:14:00::

 In WordNet, usually the most common sense gets the lowest number or specific formatting. But here the user has provided 4 specific senses with their keys.

 The question asks for the "single best indexed sense". The "sense_index" in the output JSON likely refers to the number in the list (1, 2, 3, or 4).

 So:
 - Index 1: year%1:28:01:: - a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days
 - Index 2: year%1:28:02:: - a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year for particular activity
 - Index 3: year%1:28:00:: - astronomical orbital period
 - Index 4: year%1:14:00:: - class of students

 In the context "until the end of the year", this is referring to the calendar year (the 365-day period), so index 1 is correct.

 Wait, could it be sense 2 (fiscal year/business year)? In financial contexts, "year" often refers to the fiscal year. However, the phrase "end of the year" without qualification usually means calendar year end (December 31). Also, the definition of sense 2 mentions "a regular part of a calendar year" which suggests it's a subset or specific period like "school year" which occupies part of a calendar year (e.g., September to June). The fiscal year could be a full 365 days but offset from the calendar year.

 However, looking at the example "a school year" - a school year is typically 9-10 months, occupying a regular part of the calendar year. So sense 2 seems to be for partial years or specific institutional years, not the full calendar year.

 The phrase "end of the year" in general contexts (even financial news) usually refers to the calendar year, and thus sense 1 is most appropriate.

 Also, looking at the synonyms for sense 1: "twelvemonth, yr" - these reinforce that it's the full 12-month period.

 Therefore, the best sense is index 1.

 Wait, I should reconsider sense 3. Is there any possibility this refers to an astronomical year? No, the context is clearly about market trading until the end of the calendar/annual period, not about planetary orbits.

 Sense 4 is clearly wrong (not about students).

 So it's between 1 and 2. Given that "end of the year" refers to the completion of the 365/366 day cycle (December 31), and not specifically to the end of an activity period like a school year (which would be "end of the school year"), sense 1 is correct.

 Final check: The instruction says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trend
Target surface form: trend
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The <t>trend</t> was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trend%1:15:02:: | definition=a general direction in which something tends to move | synonyms=tendency | examples=the shoreward tendency of the current; the trend of the stock market
2. sense_key=trend%1:15:01:: | definition=general line of orientation | synonyms=course | examples=the river takes a southern course; the northeastern trend of the coast
3. sense_key=trend%1:09:00:: | definition=a general tendency to change (as of opinion) | synonyms=drift, movement | examples=not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book; a broad movement of the electorate to the right
4. sense_key=trend%1:09:02:: | definition=the popular taste at a given time | synonyms=vogue, style | examples=leather is the latest vogue; he followed current trends

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "trend" in the given context. I need to choose from 4 candidate senses.

Let me analyze the context:
The text is about the stock market. It mentions: "The <t>trend</t> was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators..."

The specific sentence is: "The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which 'have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery'..."

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=trend%1:15:02:: | definition=a general direction in which something tends to move | synonyms=tendency | examples=the shoreward tendency of the current; the trend of the stock market

2. sense_key=trend%1:15:01:: | definition=general line of orientation | synonyms=course | examples=the river takes a southern course; the northeastern trend of the coast

3. sense_key=trend%1:09:00:: | definition=a general tendency to change (as of opinion) | synonyms=drift, movement | examples=not openly liberal but that is the trend of the book; a broad movement of the electorate to the right

4. sense_key=trend%1:09:02:: | definition=the popular taste at a given time | synonyms=vogue, style | examples=leather is the latest vogue; he followed current trends

Analysis:
- The context is financial/stock market related.
- "The trend was supported by..." refers to the direction the market is moving (upward/gaining).
- Sense 1 specifically mentions "the trend of the stock market" as an example.
- Sense 1 definition: "a general direction in which something tends to move" - this fits perfectly with the stock market context where prices are moving in a direction (upward in this case due to economic indicators).
- Sense 2 is about physical orientation/geographic direction (like a river or coast), which doesn't fit.
- Sense 3 is about change in opinion or drift (like political drift), which is not the primary meaning here. While it mentions "tendency to change", the stock market context is better captured by Sense 1.
- Sense 4 is about fashion/popular taste (vogue), which doesn't apply to stock market movements.

The example in Sense 1 literally mentions "the trend of the stock market", which is exactly the domain we're in.

Therefore, Sense 1 (index 1) is the correct choice.

Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=trend%1:15:02::
2. sense_key=trend%1:15:01::
3. sense_key=trend%1:09:00::
4. sense_key=trend%1:09:02::

So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check:
- The context is about stock market movements.
- "The trend was supported by..." - meaning the upward movement/direction was supported.
- Sense 1: "a general direction in which something tends to move" + example "the trend of the stock market" = perfect match.
- Sense 3 could be tempting because it mentions "tendency to change" and "movement", but the examples are about opinion/electorate, not numerical directions. Also, the WordNet sense keys suggest different hierarchies (1:15 vs 1:09). 1:15 is for spatial/temporal relations, while 1:09 is for cognitive processes/psychological states. The stock market trend in this sense is about directional movement, not psychological drift.

Actually, looking carefully at Sense 3: "a general tendency to change (as of opinion)" - this is more about shifts in thinking. The stock market trend here is about price direction, not opinion change (though opinions are mentioned later, the trend itself refers to the market movement).

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: publication
Target surface form: publication
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the <t>publication</t> of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=publication%1:10:00:: | definition=a copy of a printed work offered for distribution
2. sense_key=publication%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=issue
3. sense_key=publication%1:04:02:: | definition=the communication of something to the public; making information generally known
4. sense_key=publication%1:04:00:: | definition=the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution | synonyms=publishing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "publication" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about the New York Stock Exchange and market movements
 - The specific sentence is: "The trend was supported by the <t>publication</t> of better than expected economic indicators..."
 - This refers to the act of making economic indicators known/available to the public

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=publication%1:10:00:: | definition=a copy of a printed work offered for distribution
    - This refers to a physical copy (like a book or magazine), not the act of publishing. The context doesn't refer to a physical object.

 2. sense_key=publication%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=issue
    - This is about issuing printed materials. While close, the context is about economic indicators being made known, not necessarily printed materials being issued.

 3. sense_key=publication%1:04:02:: | definition=the communication of something to the public; making information generally known
    - This fits well. The economic indicators were communicated to the public/made known, which supported the market trend.

 4. sense_key=publication%1:04:00:: | definition=the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution | synonyms=publishing
    - This refers to the publishing business/industry, not the act of making something public.

 The context is about economic indicators being published/made known to the public. This aligns best with sense 3: "the communication of something to the public; making information generally known."

 The key clue is "publication of better than expected economic indicators" - this is about the act of making the information public/communicating it, not about a physical printed work (sense 1), not specifically about printed materials (sense 2), and not about the publishing business (sense 4).

 Therefore, the best sense is index 3.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: indicator
Target surface form: indicators
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic <t>indicators</t>, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=indicator%1:10:00:: | definition=a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time | synonyms=index, index number, indicant
2. sense_key=indicator%1:10:01:: | definition=a signal for attracting attention
3. sense_key=indicator%1:06:00:: | definition=a device for showing the operating condition of some system
4. sense_key=indicator%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance; can be used to indicate the completion of a chemical reaction or (in medicine) to test for a particular reaction

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "indicators" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about the New York Stock Exchange, financial markets, Dow Jones, NASDAQ
- It mentions "better than expected indicators in the United States"
- It mentions "economic indicators" specifically in the sentence: "The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic <t>indicators</t>"
- It talks about retail sales increasing, which is an economic statistic/measurement
- The context involves financial data, economic measurements, statistics

Candidate sense analysis:
1. sense_key=indicator%1:10:00:: | definition=a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time | synonyms=index, index number, indicant
   - This fits economic indicators like retail sales data, economic statistics that are measured over time to show changes
   - "Economic indicators" are typically statistical measures (numbers/ratios) that show the state of the economy

2. sense_key=indicator%1:10:01:: | definition=a signal for attracting attention
   - This would be like a turn signal on a car, or a warning light
   - Doesn't fit the financial/economic context

3. sense_key=indicator%1:06:00:: | definition=a device for showing the operating condition of some system
   - This would be like a gauge, meter, or dashboard indicator
   - Doesn't fit the abstract economic data context

4. sense_key=indicator%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) a substance that changes color...
   - This is specifically chemical (like litmus paper)
   - Doesn't fit the economic context

The context clearly refers to "economic indicators" which are statistical measures (numbers/ratios) derived from observed economic facts (like retail sales), used to reveal changes over time in the economy. This matches sense 1 perfectly.

The synonyms "index, index number, indicant" also align with economic indicators being indexed values or statistical measures.

Therefore, the correct sense is sense_index: 1.

Wait, let me double-check the sense numbering. The user lists:
1. sense_key=indicator%1:10:00::
2. sense_key=indicator%1:10:01::
3. sense_key=indicator%1:06:00::
4. sense_key=indicator%1:27:00::

So sense 1 is the one about numbers/ratios/derived values.

Yes, "economic indicators" in financial news contexts almost always refers to statistical economic data like retail sales figures, unemployment rates, GDP, etc. These are "numbers or ratios derived from a series of observed facts" that "reveal relative changes as a function of time."

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: market
Target surface form: market
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving <t>market</t> opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=market%1:04:00:: | definition=the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold | synonyms=marketplace | examples=without competition there would be no market; they were driven from the marketplace
2. sense_key=market%1:14:00:: | definition=the customers for a particular product or service | examples=before they publish any book they try to determine the size of the market for it
3. sense_key=market%1:06:00:: | definition=a marketplace where groceries are sold | synonyms=grocery store, grocery, food market | examples=the grocery store included a meat market
4. sense_key=market%1:14:01:: | definition=the securities markets in the aggregate | synonyms=securities industry | examples=the market always frustrates the small investor
5. sense_key=market%1:06:01:: | definition=an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up | synonyms=marketplace, mart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "market" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about the New York Stock Exchange, Dow Jones, NASDAQ, Standard & Poor's 500
- It mentions "trading volumes", "economic recovery", "economic indicators"
- The specific sentence with the target word: "which have contributed to improving <t>market</t> opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery"

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=market%1:04:00:: - general commercial activity where goods/services are bought and sold
2. sense_key=market%1:14:00:: - customers for a particular product/service
3. sense_key=market%1:06:00:: - grocery store/food market (physical place)
4. sense_key=market%1:14:01:: - securities markets in the aggregate (financial markets)
5. sense_key=market%1:06:01:: - marketplace/mart (physical area in a town)

The context is clearly about financial markets, stock exchanges, securities trading. The phrase "market opinion" in the context of economic recovery, stock indices (Dow Jones, NASDAQ), and the New York Stock Exchange points to the financial/securities market sense.

Sense 4 (market%1:14:01::) has:
- definition: the securities markets in the aggregate
- synonyms: securities industry
- examples: "the market always frustrates the small investor"

This fits perfectly with the context about stock exchanges, trading volumes, and economic indicators affecting market opinion.

Sense 1 is too general (commercial activity in general).
Sense 2 is about customers.
Sense 3 is about grocery stores.
Sense 5 is about physical marketplaces.

The context is specifically about financial markets/securities markets, so sense 4 is the best choice.

Wait, let me double-check the sense indices in the candidate list:
1. market%1:04:00::
2. market%1:14:00::
3. market%1:06:00::
4. market%1:14:01::
5. market%1:06:01::

So sense 4 corresponds to index 4 (the securities markets in the aggregate).

Actually, looking at the instruction: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I need to return the index number from the list provided (1-5).

The correct sense is #4: the securities markets in the aggregate.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 4}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relation
Target surface form: relation
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in <t>relation</t> to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relation%1:03:00:: | definition=an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together
2. sense_key=relation%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of sexual procreation between a man and a woman; the man's penis is inserted into the woman's vagina and excited until orgasm and ejaculation occur | synonyms=sexual intercourse, intercourse, sex act, copulation, coitus, coition
3. sense_key=relation%1:18:00:: | definition=a person related by blood or marriage | synonyms=relative | examples=police are searching for relatives of the deceased; he has distant relations back in New Jersey
4. sense_key=relation%1:10:01:: | definition=an act of narration | synonyms=telling, recounting | examples=he was the hero according to his own relation; his endless recounting of the incident eventually became unbearable
5. sense_key=relation%1:09:00:: | definition=(law) the principle that an act done at a later time is deemed by law to have occurred at an earlier time | synonyms=relation back | examples=his attorney argued for the relation back of the amended complaint to the time the initial complaint was filed
6. sense_key=relation%1:04:00:: | definition=(usually plural) mutual dealings or connections among persons or groups | examples=international relations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "relation" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about the New York Stock Exchange, market trends, economic indicators
 - The specific sentence containing "relation" is: "The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which 'have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery', summarised Charles Schwab's analysts."
 - The phrase is "in relation to" - this is a fixed expression meaning "with reference to" or "concerning" or "in connection with"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=relation%1:03:00:: | definition=an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together
    - This is a very general abstract sense, often used in phrases like "relation between X and Y"
    - The phrase "in relation to" could fit here as it concerns the connection between market opinion and economic recovery

 2. sense_key=relation%1:04:01:: | definition=sexual intercourse...
    - Clearly not relevant to this financial context

 3. sense_key=relation%1:18:00:: | definition=a person related by blood or marriage
    - Not relevant, this is about family relations

 4. sense_key=relation%1:10:01:: | definition=an act of narration
    - Not relevant, this is about storytelling

 5. sense_key=relation%1:09:00:: | definition=(law) the principle that an act done at a later time...
    - Legal term, not relevant here

 6. sense_key=relation%1:04:00:: | definition=(usually plural) mutual dealings or connections among persons or groups | examples=international relations
    - This is about dealings between groups/nations, usually plural "relations"

 The phrase "in relation to" in the context means "with respect to" or "concerning". Looking at sense 1: "an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together" - this seems to be the abstract concept of relationship or connection between things.

 However, I need to look carefully. Sense 6 is about "mutual dealings or connections among persons or groups" - but it's usually plural ("international relations") and refers to social/political connections.

 Sense 1 seems to be the most abstract sense - the general concept of a relationship or connection between entities. The phrase "in relation to" means "in connection with" or "with regard to", which aligns with the abstract concept of a relation between two things (market opinion and economic recovery).

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - sense 1 (relation%1:03:00::) is the hypernym of more specific relations, the general abstract concept
 - sense 6 (relation%1:04:00::) is about social dealings (international relations)

 The usage here "in relation to" is essentially indicating a connection or reference between market opinion and economic recovery. This fits best with sense 1, the general abstract sense of relation as a connection between entities.

 Wait, let me reconsider. In WordNet, "relation" has several senses. The phrase "in relation to" is often classified under sense 1, the general abstract concept.

 Let me verify the examples:
 - Sense 1 examples would be like "the relation between supply and demand"
 - Sense 6 examples: "international relations", "diplomatic relations" - these are about interactions between people/groups

 In the sentence: "improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery" - this means improving market opinion concerning/regarding the robustness of the economic recovery. This is about the conceptual connection between two abstract entities (market opinion and economic recovery).

 Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

 However, I should double-check if there's a more specific sense. Sometimes "in relation to" can be a lexicalized phrase. But looking at the provided senses, sense 1 (the abstract general relation) is the appropriate choice.

 Sense 1: "an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together"
 - This captures the "connection" or "reference" aspect of "in relation to"

 The other senses are clearly wrong:
 - 2: sexual
 - 3: family member
 - 4: narration
 - 5: legal principle
 - 6: social dealings (usually plural)

 So the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 Wait, let me look at the sense keys again to make sure I'm mapping correctly:
 1. relation%1:03:00::
 2. relation%1:04:01::
 3. relation%1:18:00::
 4. relation%1:10:01::
 5. relation%1:09:00::
 6. relation%1:04:00::

 The user wants the output as {"sense_index": 3} where 3 would be the index (1-indexed) of the candidate sense in the list provided.

 So if I choose sense 1 from the list (the first one), I should output {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me verify the context once more: "improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery"

 This is standard usage of "in relation to" meaning "with regard to" or "concerning". This maps to the general sense of relation as an abstract concept linking two entities.

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: recovery
Target surface form: recovery
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic <t>recovery</t>", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=recovery%1:11:00:: | definition=return to an original state | examples=the recovery of the forest after the fire was surprisingly rapid
2. sense_key=recovery%1:22:00:: | definition=gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury | synonyms=convalescence, recuperation
3. sense_key=recovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of regaining or saving something lost (or in danger of becoming lost) | synonyms=retrieval

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "recovery" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about the New York Stock Exchange, stock market movements, Dow Jones, NASDAQ
 - It mentions "economic recovery" specifically in the quote: "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery"
 - The context is about economic indicators, retail sales increasing, market trends
 - This is clearly referring to an economic recovery - the return of the economy to a previous (better) state after a downturn

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=recovery%1:11:00:: | definition=return to an original state | examples=the recovery of the forest after the fire was surprisingly rapid
    - This seems to fit "economic recovery" - the economy returning to a previous state (growth/health) after a recession or downturn
    - The example mentions recovery of forest after fire (return to original state)

 2. sense_key=recovery%1:22:00:: | definition=gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury | synonyms=convalescence, recuperation
    - This is about personal health/medical recovery
    - Not applicable to economic context

 3. sense_key=recovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of regaining or saving something lost (or in danger of becoming lost) | synonyms=retrieval
    - This is about retrieving something physical or abstract that was lost (like data recovery, recovery of stolen goods)
    - While money can be "recovered", economic recovery specifically refers to the state of the economy returning to normal/healthy conditions, not retrieving something lost

 The phrase "economic recovery" is a standard collocation referring to the economy returning to a previous state of growth or health after a recession or downturn. This matches sense 1: "return to an original state".

 In WordNet, sense 1 (recovery%1:11:00::) is the general sense of returning to a previous state, which applies to economic recovery, recovery of the forest (as in the example), etc.

 Sense 3 is more about retrieval or getting back something specific that was lost (like recovering a lost item, or data recovery).

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=recovery%1:11:00::
 2. sense_key=recovery%1:22:00::
 3. sense_key=recovery%1:04:00::

 So I should return {"sense_index": 1}

 But let me verify the WordNet senses to make sure I'm interpreting them correctly. In WordNet 3.0 or similar:
 - recovery%1:11:00:: is likely the "return to an original state" sense (noun.state or similar)
 - recovery%1:22:00:: is the medical sense (noun.process)
 - recovery%1:04:00:: is the retrieval sense (noun.act)

 Actually, looking at the lexicographer files:
 - 1:11 usually refers to noun.state or noun.event?
 - 1:22 might be noun.process?
 - 1:04 is noun.act

 But regardless of the specific WordNet numbering, the definitions provided clearly map:
 - Sense 1: return to original state (general)
 - Sense 2: medical healing
 - Sense 3: act of regaining/retrieving

 "Economic recovery" clearly fits sense 1 - the economy returning to its original/healthy state.

 So the answer is {"sense_index": 1}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: analyst
Target surface form: analysts
Context:
The New York Stock Exchange closed with no particular heading on Friday, in a market torn between better than expected indicators in the United States and a strengthening dollar: the Dow Jones gained 0.63% but the NASDAQ dropped 0.03%. According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's <t>analysts</t>. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=analyst%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is skilled at analyzing data
2. sense_key=analyst%1:18:02:: | definition=an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions
3. sense_key=analyst%1:18:01:: | definition=a licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis | synonyms=psychoanalyst

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "analysts" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about the New York Stock Exchange, Dow Jones, NASDAQ, financial markets
 - It mentions "Charles Schwab's analysts"
 - Charles Schwab is a well-known financial services company (brokerage, banking)
 - The analysts are commenting on economic indicators, market opinion, retail sales, economic recovery
 - This is clearly a financial context

 Candidate senses:
 1. analyst%1:18:00:: - someone who is skilled at analyzing data (general)
 2. analyst%1:18:02:: - an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions (financial)
 3. analyst%1:18:01:: - a licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis (psychological/psychiatric)

 The context is clearly financial - discussing stock markets, Dow Jones, NASDAQ, economic indicators, retail sales. The analysts work for Charles Schwab (a financial firm) and are commenting on financial markets and economic data.

 Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.

 Sense 2 specifically mentions "expert who studies financial data" and mentions "securities" (stocks/bonds), which fits perfectly with the NYSE and stock market context.

 I should return: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the <t>United States</t>, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "united_states" with the surface form "United States" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about financial markets (Dow Jones, NASDAQ, Standard & Poor's 500)
 - It mentions economic indicators, retail sales, consumer confidence
 - The specific sentence is: "In the <t>United States</t>, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November..."
 - This refers to the country/territory where retail sales are measured, not specifically the government branches.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00::
    - Definition: North American republic containing 50 states... achieved independence in 1776
    - Synonyms: United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
    - This refers to the country as a geographical/political entity.

 2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00::
    - Definition: the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States
    - Synonyms: United States government, U.S. government, U.S.
    - This refers specifically to the government apparatus.

 In the context: "In the United States, retail sales have increased..." - this is referring to the country as a location/entity where economic activity (retail sales) takes place. It's not referring specifically to the government branches (executive, legislative, judicial).

 The mention of "American consumers" later also supports the country sense (sense 1), not the government sense (sense 2).

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (united_states%1:15:00::).

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: month
Context:
According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second <t>month</t> in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "month" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about economic indicators, specifically retail sales in the United States.
- The sentence containing the target word is: "In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second <t>month</t> in a row, and far more than predicted."
- The phrase "for the second month in a row" means consecutively for two months.
- Later in the text, it mentions "the previous month" referring to December vs November.

Candidate senses analysis:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
   - This refers to specific named months like January, February, etc.
   - The example "he paid the bill last month" refers to a specific calendar month.

2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill
   - This refers to a duration of time (approximately 30 days).
   - The example "he was given a month to pay the bill" refers to a time period, not necessarily aligning with calendar months.

In the context "for the second month in a row":
- This refers to consecutive calendar months (November and presumably October).
- It's referring to the named month November and the one before it.
- "Second month in a row" implies counting calendar months (October, November).
- However, looking carefully at the distinction:
  - Sense 1 (calendar month): refers to the specific divisions like January, February, etc.
  - Sense 2 (time unit): refers to a duration of ~30 days.

In "for the second month in a row", we are talking about November being a calendar month, and the sequence refers to calendar months. The phrase "in a row" when referring to months typically means consecutive calendar months.

But let's look at the examples again:
- Sense 1 example: "he paid the bill last month" - this could be interpreted as either the calendar month or a duration, but typically refers to the specific calendar month that just passed.
- Sense 2 example: "he was given a month to pay the bill" - this is clearly a duration.

In the sentence: "retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row"
- November is explicitly named as a calendar month.
- "for the second month in a row" means this also happened in the previous calendar month (October).
- This is referring to the calendar divisions.

However, there's a subtle distinction. Sense 1 is "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year" (calendar month), while Sense 2 is "a time unit of approximately 30 days" (lunar month or just a 30-day period).

In financial/economic reporting, when they say "for the second month in a row", they are referring to consecutive calendar months (November and October). This aligns with Sense 1.

But wait, looking at WordNet's actual structure:
- month%1:28:01:: is usually the "calendar month" sense (the specific named months)
- month%1:28:00:: is usually the "lunar month" or "30-day period" sense

In the phrase "second month in a row", "month" refers to an instance of the calendar divisions. It means "the second calendar month consecutively".

Also, later in the text: "the previous month" - this refers to the calendar month preceding December (which is November).

Both instances seem to refer to calendar months (Sense 1).

Let me reconsider if there's any ambiguity. Could it be Sense 2?
If it were Sense 2, it would mean "for the second period of approximately 30 days in a row" - but "in a row" with calendar periods usually implies calendar months. Also, the mention of specific month names (November, December) nearby reinforces that we're talking about calendar months.

Therefore, Sense 1 (calendar month) is the correct choice.

The index requested is the sense number. The user shows:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01::
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00::

So index 1 corresponds to month%1:28:01:: (calendar month) and index 2 corresponds to month%1:28:00:: (30-day period).

I should choose index 1.

Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01::
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00::

So:
- Index 1 = month%1:28:01:: (calendar month)
- Index 2 = month%1:28:00:: (30 days)

My analysis suggests calendar month (index 1) is correct.

Double-checking:
Context: "for the second month in a row"
This means consecutive months. In economic data, this refers to November and October, which are specific calendar months.

Sense 1: "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year" - this matches November being one such division, and counting "the second" such division in sequence.

Sense 2: "a time unit of approximately 30 days" - while technically November is approximately 30 days, the specific reference to November and the phrase "in a row" (consecutive) points more strongly to the calendar organization rather than just a duration. Also, the contrast with "previous month" later in the text where December is compared to the previous month (November) reinforces the calendar sense.

Therefore, the answer is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: row
Target surface form: row
Context:
According to final closing figures, the Dow Jones Industrial Average has risen by 65.67 points to 10 471.50 points, whereas the NASDAQ, with a technology predominance, fell by 0.55 point to 2 190.31 points. The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a <t>row</t>, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=row%1:14:00:: | definition=an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line | examples=a row of chairs
2. sense_key=row%1:10:00:: | definition=an angry dispute | synonyms=quarrel, wrangle, words, run-in, dustup | examples=they had a quarrel; they had words
3. sense_key=row%1:17:00:: | definition=a long continuous strip (usually running horizontally) | examples=a mackerel sky filled with rows of clouds; rows of barbed wire protected the trenches
4. sense_key=row%1:06:00:: | definition=(construction) a layer of masonry | synonyms=course | examples=a course of bricks
5. sense_key=row%1:14:01:: | definition=a linear array of numbers, letters, or symbols side by side
6. sense_key=row%1:07:00:: | definition=a continuous chronological succession without an interruption | examples=they won the championship three years in a row
7. sense_key=row%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of rowing as a sport | synonyms=rowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "row" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a <t>row</t>, and far more than predicted."

 The phrase "in a row" is an idiom meaning consecutively, successively, without interruption.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=row%1:14:00:: - arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line (like chairs)
 2. sense_key=row%1:10:00:: - an angry dispute (quarrel)
 3. sense_key=row%1:17:00:: - a long continuous strip (like clouds, barbed wire)
 4. sense_key=row%1:06:00:: - a layer of masonry (course of bricks)
 5. sense_key=row%1:14:01:: - linear array of numbers, letters, or symbols
 6. sense_key=row%1:07:00:: - a continuous chronological succession without an interruption (example: they won the championship three years in a row)
 7. sense_key=row%1:04:00:: - the act of rowing as a sport

 The context uses the phrase "second month in a row" which means consecutively for two months. This matches sense 6: "a continuous chronological succession without an interruption" with the example "they won the championship three years in a row".

 The idiom "in a row" specifically corresponds to sense 6.

 Therefore, the correct sense index is 6.

 Wait, let me check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=row%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=row%1:10:00::
 3. sense_key=row%1:17:00::
 4. sense_key=row%1:06:00::
 5. sense_key=row%1:14:01::
 6. sense_key=row%1:07:00::
 7. sense_key=row%1:04:00::

 So sense 6 is row%1:07:00:: which is "a continuous chronological succession without an interruption".

 Yes, that's the one.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 6}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: confidence
Target surface form: confidence
Context:
The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the <t>confidence</t> of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=confidence%1:09:00:: | definition=freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities | synonyms=assurance, self-assurance, self-confidence, authority, sureness | examples=his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular; after that failure he lost his confidence
2. sense_key=confidence%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of trust (in someone or something) | examples=I have confidence in our team; confidence is always borrowed, never owned
3. sense_key=confidence%1:26:02:: | definition=a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable | examples=public confidence in the economy
4. sense_key=confidence%1:26:03:: | definition=a trustful relationship | synonyms=trust | examples=he took me into his confidence; he betrayed their trust
5. sense_key=confidence%1:10:00:: | definition=a secret that is confided or entrusted to another | examples=everyone trusted him with their confidences; the priest could not reveal her confidences

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "confidence" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about economic indicators and market conditions
- Specifically: "the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index"
- This refers to the "consumer confidence" index, which is a measure of how optimistic consumers are about the economic situation

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=confidence%1:09:00:: - "freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities" (self-confidence, assurance)
   - This is about personal self-confidence/self-assurance
   - Not the right sense here - we're talking about consumers' collective outlook on the economy, not individual self-belief

2. sense_key=confidence%1:12:00:: - "a feeling of trust (in someone or something)"
   - Example: "I have confidence in our team"
   - While related, this is more about trust in specific people/entities
   - The context is about economic outlook/optimism, not trust in a specific entity

3. sense_key=confidence%1:26:02:: - "a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable"
   - Example: "public confidence in the economy"
   - This matches perfectly! The context mentions "confidence of American consumers" in relation to economic indicators, and specifically references the Michigan University consumer confidence index
   - This is about hopefulness/optimism regarding future economic conditions

4. sense_key=confidence%1:26:03:: - "a trustful relationship"
   - Example: "he took me into his confidence"
   - This is about intimate trust relationships, not applicable here

5. sense_key=confidence%1:10:00:: - "a secret that is confided or entrusted to another"
   - This is about secrets/confidences shared between people
   - Not applicable here

The context clearly refers to "consumer confidence" as an economic indicator - a measure of how optimistic/hopeful consumers are about the economic future. This aligns with sense 3: "a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable" with the example "public confidence in the economy".

The key clues:
- "confidence of American consumers"
- "bounced back... according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index" (referring to the University of Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index, commonly called consumer confidence)
- Context about economic recovery, retail sales, etc.
- The synonym "hopefulness" fits well with economic optimism

Therefore, the correct sense is index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: month
Context:
The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous <t>month</t>, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "month" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous <t>month</t>, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index."
 - The target word "month" refers to the month before December, which would be November.
 - It's comparing consumer confidence in December (73.4) versus the previous month (67.4).

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
 2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

 Sense 1 refers to a specific named month (like January, February, etc.) - one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year.
 Sense 2 refers to a duration of approximately 30 days.

 In the context, "the previous month" refers to the specific calendar month before December (i.e., November). It's referring to a specific named division of the calendar year, not just a duration of 30 days.

 The phrase "the previous month" here means the specific calendar month (November) that comes before December in the calendar. This aligns with sense 1, which is about the twelve divisions of the calendar year.

 Sense 2 would be used in contexts like "for a month" (duration) or "within a month" (time period), but here we're talking about a specific calendar month (the one before December).

 Also, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1 example: "he paid the bill last month" - "last month" refers to the specific calendar month (e.g., if it's January now, last month was December).
 - Sense 2 example: "he was given a month to pay the bill" - this refers to a duration of 30 days, not a specific named month.

 In our context, "the previous month" parallels "last month" in the example for sense 1. It's referring to the specific calendar month (November) that precedes December.

 Therefore, sense 1 (month%1:28:01::) is the correct choice.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user asks for a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}, but the candidate senses are numbered 1 and 2. So I should return {"sense_index": 1} for the first sense listed.

 Actually, looking carefully:
 - Candidate sense 1: sense_key=month%1:28:01::
 - Candidate sense 2: sense_key=month%1:28:00::

 So if I choose sense 1, I return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me verify the WordNet senses to make sure I understand correctly:
 - month%1:28:01:: is indeed "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year" (calendar month)
 - month%1:28:00:: is "a time unit of approximately 30 days"

 Yes, in the context "the previous month", we're referring to the specific calendar month (November), not a duration. So sense 1 is correct.

 Actually, looking at the context again: "67.4 the previous month" - this is comparing December to the previous calendar month. This is definitely sense 1.

 The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: estimate
Target surface form: estimates
Context:
The wider Standard & Poor's 500 has itself advanced by 0.37% (4.06 points) to 1 106.41 points. Frankly, the market is very calm, observes Mace Blicksilver of Marblehead Asset Management. It remains within a narrow margin; trading volumes have become very weak, and I think that this will remain the case until the end of the year. The trend was supported by the publication of better than expected economic indicators, which "have contributed to improving market opinion in relation to the robustness of the economic recovery", summarised Charles Schwab's analysts. In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary <t>estimates</t> from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=estimate%1:09:00:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimation, approximation, idea | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
2. sense_key=estimate%1:04:01:: | definition=a judgment of the qualities of something or somebody | synonyms=estimation | examples=many factors are involved in any estimate of human life; in my estimation the boy is innocent
3. sense_key=estimate%1:10:00:: | definition=a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation) | synonyms=appraisal, estimation
4. sense_key=estimate%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement indicating the likely cost of some job | examples=he got an estimate from the car repair shop
5. sense_key=estimate%1:09:01:: | definition=the respect with which a person is held | synonyms=estimation | examples=they had a high estimation of his ability

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "estimates" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is: "Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary <t>estimates</t> from Michigan University's index."
- Here, "estimates" refers to preliminary calculations/figures from Michigan University's index regarding consumer confidence.
- It's about numerical data: 73.4 vs 67.4. These are quantitative values.
- The word "preliminary" suggests these are approximate calculations, not final figures.
- It's from an index (University of Michigan's consumer confidence index).

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=estimate%1:09:00:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimation, approximation, idea | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
- This fits well. Consumer confidence index values (73.4, 67.4) are quantities/degrees. "Preliminary estimates" are approximate calculations.

2. sense_key=estimate%1:04:01:: | definition=a judgment of the qualities of something or somebody | synonyms=estimation | examples=many factors are involved in any estimate of human life; in my estimation the boy is innocent
- This is more about qualitative judgment/opinion. While consumer confidence is somewhat subjective, the specific context here is about numerical index values (73.4 vs 67.4), making it more of a quantitative approximation.

3. sense_key=estimate%1:10:00:: | definition=a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation) | synonyms=appraisal, estimation
- This is about a document for insurance/taxation. Doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=estimate%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement indicating the likely cost of some job | examples=he got an estimate from the car repair shop
- This is about cost estimates for jobs/repairs. Doesn't fit.

5. sense_key=estimate%1:09:01:: | definition=the respect with which a person is held | synonyms=estimation | examples=they had a high estimation of his ability
- This is about esteem/respect. Doesn't fit.

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit. The context refers to numerical values from an economic index - these are approximate calculations of quantity or degree (consumer confidence measured as 73.4). The phrase "preliminary estimates" strongly suggests approximate calculations that may be revised later.

Wait, let me double-check sense 1 vs sense 2. Sense 2 is "a judgment of the qualities of something or somebody" - this could potentially apply to economic indicators, but the specific context gives exact numbers (73.4), which aligns better with "approximate calculation of quantity or degree" (sense 1). Economic data releases are often called "estimates" in the sense of statistical approximations.

Also, looking at the examples for sense 1: "an estimate of what it would cost" - this is numerical. The context has specific numbers, so sense 1 is better.

The answer should be JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: SiliconFlow