[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: separate
Target surface form: separate
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a <t>separate</t> premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=separate%3:00:00:: | definition=independent; not united or joint | examples=a problem consisting of two separate issues; they went their separate ways
2. sense_key=separate%5:00:00:detached:00 | definition=standing apart; not attached to or supported by anything | synonyms=freestanding | examples=a freestanding bell tower; a house with a separate garage
3. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:segregated:00 | definition=separated according to race, sex, class, or religion | examples=separate but equal; girls and boys in separate classes
4. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:unconnected:00 | definition=have the connection undone; having become separate | synonyms=disjoined

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "separate" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The passage is about church bell ringers who treat the tower as distinct from the church itself
 - The vicar says: "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises"
 - The meaning here is that the ringers treated the tower as independent, distinct, or not united with the church/church activities
 - They viewed it as their own space separate from the religious functions happening below

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=separate%3:00:00:: | definition=independent; not united or joint | examples=a problem consisting of two separate issues; they went their separate ways
    - This fits well. The tower is being treated as independent/not united with the church premises or church activities. It's viewed as distinct premises.

 2. sense_key=separate%5:00:00:detached:00 | definition=standing apart; not attached to or supported by anything | synonyms=freestanding | examples=a freestanding bell tower; a house with a separate garage
    - This is more physical/architectural - literally detached or freestanding. While the tower might be physically separate, the context emphasizes the social/organizational separation (treating it as their own club, separate from church worship). The focus is on the club treating it as independent premises, not necessarily that it's physically freestanding.

 3. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:segregated:00 | definition=separated according to race, sex, class, or religion | examples=separate but equal; girls and boys in separate classes
    - This is about segregation by demographic groups. Not relevant here.

 4. sense_key=separate%5:00:02:unconnected:00 | definition=have the connection undone; having become separate | synonyms=disjoined
    - This suggests something that was once connected but became disconnected. The context doesn't suggest the tower was once connected and became unconnected; rather, it's about treating it as distinct/independent from the church community.

 Sense 1 seems best: "independent; not united or joint" - the tower is treated as independent premises, not united with the church proper or the religious community. The example "they went their separate ways" suggests independence from each other, similar to how the ringers treated the tower as independent from the church.

 Actually, looking at the examples for sense 2: "a house with a separate garage" - this could also fit, as it refers to distinct premises. But "separate premises" in the context emphasizes the organizational/social independence more than the physical detachment. The vicar is complaining that they treat it as their own domain, separate from the church's religious mission.

 Between sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1: independent; not united or joint (adjective)
 - Sense 2: standing apart; not attached to or supported by anything; freestanding

 The phrase "separate premises" could work with both, but given the context about the club being self-perpetuating and distinct from the church congregation, and the contrast with "worship for others below," the emphasis is on the tower being treated as an independent entity, not united with the church community.

 Sense 1 is the more general sense of "independent; not united" which captures the social/organizational separation better than the physical separation of sense 2.

 Also, looking at WordNet structure:
 - separate%3:00:00:: is the main adjective sense (independent)
 - separate%5:00:00:detached:00 is a satellite adjective (similar to detached)

 The context suggests the ringers viewed the tower as their own domain, distinct from the church - "not united or joint" with the church activities.

 I choose sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone <t>says</t>. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "says" in the given context. The target lemma is "say" and the surface form is "says".

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringers and a vicar named Jeremy Hummerstone.
 - The specific sentence is: "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone <t>says</t>.
 - This is a direct quote or attribution of speech. The vicar is expressing something in words - specifically stating his opinion or observation about the ringers.

 Now let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
    - This is a general "express in words" sense. The example "He said that he wanted to marry her" fits the pattern here where someone is stating something.

 2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
    - This seems more like making a claim or allegation, often used in legal or formal reporting contexts.

 3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
    - This is hypothetical "let's say" usage. Not applicable here.

 4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
    - This is about text containing certain wording. Not applicable here (the vicar is speaking, not a text having wording).

 5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
    - This is about giving orders/commands. The vicar isn't ordering someone to do something in this quote; he's describing/characterizing the ringers.

 6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
    - This is about pronunciation or articulation. Not applicable.

 7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
    - Nonverbal communication. Not applicable (the vicar is speaking).

 8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
    - This is about uttering specific words aloud. While the vicar is uttering words, this sense seems more focused on the physical act of uttering specific phrases (like "say 'hello'").

 9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
    - This is about stating opinions or making declarations. The example "I say let's forget this whole business" suggests a proposal or opinion.

 10. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
    - This is about inanimate objects indicating something. Not applicable.

 11. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
    - This is about reciting prayers or fixed texts. Not applicable.

 Now, looking at the specific usage: "the Vicar Hummerstone says" followed by a direct quote: "They were a self-perpetuating club..."

 This is a standard attribution of speech. The vicar is expressing his thoughts/observations in words.

 Between sense 1 (express in words) and sense 9 (state as one's opinion or judgement):
 - Sense 1 is the most general "express in words" sense.
 - Sense 9 is more specific to stating opinions or judgements.

 The content "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises" is indeed the vicar's opinion or assessment/judgement of the situation.

 However, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her" - this is a statement of fact/desire
 - Sense 9: "I say let's forget this whole business" - this is a proposal/suggestion

 The vicar's statement is more of a characterization or assessment (an opinion), but it's also simply reporting/expressing what he thinks.

 Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet sense distinctions:
 - Sense 1 (say%2:32:00::) is typically the general sense of expressing something in words, especially with content clauses (that-clauses or direct quotes).
 - Sense 9 (say%2:32:13::) is specifically "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" and often used with proposals like "I say we go" or "I say let's..."

 In journalistic/reporting contexts like "the vicar says", this is typically sense 1 - the general "express in words" sense. The structure "X says [quote]" is the prototypical use of sense 1.

 Let me check the examples again:
 Sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you"
 Sense 9: "I say let's forget this whole business"

 The vicar's quote is not in the format "I say let's..." or "I say we should..." - it's a statement of fact/opinion about the nature of the ringers. But it's clearly him expressing his view.

 However, in WSD for "say", sense 1 is usually the default for speech attribution unless there's a specific reason to choose another sense (like reciting, indicating, supposing, etc.).

 Sense 9 seems to be for uses where you're declaring or proposing something, often with "I say" as an interjection or emphatic declaration.

 The context here is standard reported speech: someone (the vicar) says (states/expresses) something.

 Therefore, sense 1 (say%2:32:00::) seems most appropriate.

 Wait, let me reconsider sense 2: "report or maintain" - this could fit because he's reporting his view on the situation. But sense 1 is more general and fits better with the direct quote structure.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet hierarchy and typical WSD datasets:
 - Sense 1 is the most frequent sense and covers general utterance.
 - The example in sense 1 "He said that he wanted to marry her" is parallel to "the Vicar Hummerstone says [quote]".

 I think sense 1 is the correct choice.

 But let me double-check if sense 9 could be better. Sense 9 is "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare". The vicar is indeed stating his judgement about the ringers. However, sense 9 examples suggest it's used for proposals or strong declarations ("I say let's forget this"). The vicar's statement is descriptive rather than a proposal or declaration.

 Sense 1 covers "express in words" which includes stating opinions.

 Therefore, I choose sense 1.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user asks for the "sense_index" which corresponds to the numbered list provided (1-11), not the WordNet sense key.

 So the answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

 Let me verify once more:
 - Is it sense 2 (report or maintain)? This is often used for "The report says that..." or "He says he is innocent" (claiming). The vicar is not reporting what someone else said, nor is he making an allegation. He's expressing his own observation.
 - Is it sense 9? This is for "I say we should go" type constructions.
 - Is it sense 1? Yes, general expression in words.

 The structure "[Name] says [quote]" is the canonical example of sense 1.

 Final decision: sense_index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely <t>new</t> band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "new" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about church bell ringers in Great Torrington.
- The vicar sacked the entire band because they didn't attend services.
- "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation."
- This means a different band from the previous one - a replacement band.

Candidate senses analysis:
1. not of long duration; having just come into being - This could fit, but let's check others.
2. original and of a kind not seen before - Not really, it's just a different group of people.
3. lacking training or experience - No evidence they are inexperienced.
4. having no previous example - No.
5. other than the former one(s); different - This fits perfectly. "they now have a new leaders" - similar to having a new band. It's a different band from the previous one.
6. unaffected by use or exposure - No.
7. gratuitously new - No.
8. in use after medieval times - No.
9. used of a living language - No.
10. of crops harvested early - No.
11. unfamiliar - While related, sense 5 is more precise about being "other than the former one(s); different".

The key context is that the old band was sacked, and now there is an entirely different/replacement band. Sense 5 explicitly says "other than the former one(s); different" with examples like "they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it". The second example shows that "new" can mean "different from the previous one" even if not recently made.

Sense 1 is about "not of long duration; having just... come into being". While the band may be recently formed, the emphasis in the context is on it being a replacement for the old band - "other than the former one(s)". The phrase "An entirely new band" in the context of replacing a sacked band strongly suggests sense 5.

Wait, let me reconsider. "An entirely new band" - could this mean recently formed (sense 1)? The band was formed after the old one was sacked two years ago. But the contrast is with the previous band. The word "entirely" emphasizes that it's completely different people.

Looking at sense 5 examples: "they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it" - this is about replacement, different from the previous one.

Sense 1 examples: "a new law; new cars" - these are recently created.

In the context: "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington" - this is clearly a replacement band. The previous band was sacked. So sense 5 is the best fit.

Actually, looking carefully at the instruction: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I need to return {"sense_index": 5}.

Let me double-check if there's any ambiguity. Could it be sense 1? If the band was just formed, it might be "not of long duration". But the text says "Two years ago... he sacked the entire band... An entirely new band rings today". Two years later, it's not necessarily "just" come into being, though it could be. But the main point is that these are different people from the previous band. The contrast is between the old (sacked) band and the new band. Sense 5 captures this "other than the former one(s)" meaning.

Also, "entirely new" often means "completely different" when referring to groups of people replacing others.

Therefore, sense 5 is correct.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings <t>today</t> at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "today" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage talks about church bell ringers in Great Torrington.
- It mentions an incident two years ago where the vicar sacked the entire band.
- Then it says: "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation."
- This means that currently, at the present time, a new band rings the bells.

Now let's look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
   - This refers to the broader present era/time period.
   - Example: "the world of today" - meaning the modern era.

2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?
   - This refers to the specific current day (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow).

In the context: "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington..."
Does this mean:
(a) The new band rings on this specific day (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow)? Or
(b) The new band rings in the present time/era (as opposed to the past)?

Looking at the context, the passage is describing the current situation at Great Torrington. It contrasts with what happened two years ago. "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington" seems to mean "nowadays" or "in the present time" - indicating the current state of affairs, not necessarily the specific calendar day on which the ringing occurs.

Wait, let me reconsider. In the context of bell ringing, "rings today" could mean "rings on this day." But the passage seems to be a journalistic or narrative description. The phrase "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington" in a newspaper article or general description likely means "currently" or "nowadays" - referring to the present time/age.

But let me look more carefully. The examples for sense 2: "Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?" These refer to the specific day. The example for sense 1: "the world of today; today we have computers" - these refer to the present era.

In the sentence "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington", the word "today" is being used to contrast with the situation two years ago. It's saying that in the present time/currently, there's a new band. This aligns more with sense 1 (the present time or age).

However, I should be careful. In many contexts, "today" in a news article referring to a current ongoing situation can mean "nowadays." But it could also be literal - they ring on the current day.

Actually, looking at typical WSD datasets and the way these senses are distinguished:
- Sense 1 (today%1:28:00::): "the present time or age" - used when "today" means "nowadays," "in modern times," "the world today"
- Sense 2 (today%1:28:01::): "the day that includes the present moment" - used when referring to the specific day, often with calendar/day implications

In "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington", is this about the specific day or the present era?
The context: "Two years ago... the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington..."
The contrast is between "two years ago" and "today." This suggests "today" means "now" or "currently" - the present time. This is sense 1.

Wait, but "rings today" could also be interpreted as "is ringing today" (on this day). But given the narrative flow describing the current state after describing a past event, it's more likely meaning "nowadays" or "currently."

Let me check the examples again:
Sense 1: "the world of today; today we have computers"
Sense 2: "Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?"

If I substitute:
- "An entirely new band rings in the present time/age at Great Torrington" - makes sense, means currently.
- "An entirely new band rings on this day at Great Torrington" - also makes sense grammatically.

But the context suggests a state of affairs: "But there still are not enough ringers..." This describes the current situation. The word "today" here functions to mark the present time in contrast to the past event (two years ago).

Actually, looking at similar WSD cases, when "today" is used in a narrative to mean "nowadays" or "currently" (especially in contrast to a past time), it's sense 1. When it refers to the specific calendar day, it's sense 2.

Given the contrast with "Two years ago," "today" here means "in the present time" or "nowadays" - sense 1.

Wait, I want to double-check. Could this be from a specific corpus? This looks like it might be from a news article or magazine. The sentence "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington" - if this is from a text describing the current situation, "today" likely means "currently."

But I should consider: in the context of bell ringing, do they ring "today" meaning this specific day? The sentence says "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation." This is describing who rings the bells currently. It's not about a specific performance on a specific day, but about who the ringers are now.

Therefore, sense 1 (the present time or age) is the best fit.

Actually, let me reconsider once more. WordNet sense 1 for "today" is often the "nowadays" sense. WordNet sense 2 is the specific day sense. In the SemCor or similar datasets, when "today" is used to mean "currently" vs. a past time, it's typically tagged as sense 1.

For example: "Today, young people have different attitudes" -> sense 1.
"Today is Tuesday" -> sense 2.

Here: "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington" - this is analogous to "today we have computers" (sense 1 example). It's stating a current fact about the present time.

So my answer is sense_index: 1.

Wait, the user asks for a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. The senses are numbered 1 and 2. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me make sure I'm not confusing the numbering. The candidates are:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00::
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01::

So sense 1 is the present time/age, sense 2 is the specific day.

I choose sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: member
Target surface form: members
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are <t>members</t> of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
2. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage | examples=it is important to keep the extremities warm
4. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations) | examples=the library was a member of the interlibrary loan association; Canada is a member of the United Nations
5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism) | synonyms=penis, phallus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "members" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringers and the Church of England
 - It mentions "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are <t>members</t> of the congregation."
 - The congregation is a group of people who attend church services
 - So "members of the congregation" refers to people who belong to/are part of the congregation (a social group/organization)

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=member%1:18:00:: | definition=one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization) | synonyms=fellow member | examples=only members will be admitted; a member of the faculty
    - This fits well. The congregation is a social group/organization, and these are people who belong to it.

 2. sense_key=member%1:24:00:: | definition=anything that belongs to a set or class | examples=snakes are members of the class Reptilia; members of the opposite sex
    - This is more about classification/taxonomy, not people belonging to a congregation.

 3. sense_key=member%1:08:00:: | definition=an external body part that projects from the body | synonyms=extremity, appendage
    - This is anatomical, clearly wrong.

 4. sense_key=member%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization that is a member of another organization (especially a state that belongs to a group of nations)
    - This is about organizations being members of other organizations, not people. The subject here is people (the new band, several of whom...).

 5. sense_key=member%1:08:01:: | definition=the male organ of copulation
    - Clearly wrong in this context.

 So sense 1 is clearly the best fit. It refers to individuals who have joined/participate in a group organization (the congregation/church).

 The context talks about:
 - "membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling"
 - "members of the congregation"
 - Comparing ringers who don't attend service vs those who are members of the congregation

 This is definitely sense 1: one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization).

 The JSON output should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: congregation
Target surface form: congregation
Context:
When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the <t>congregation</t>. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=congregation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=fold, faithful
2. sense_key=congregation%1:14:01:: | definition=an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together | examples=a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph; a great congregation of birds flew over
3. sense_key=congregation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of congregating | synonyms=congregating

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "congregation" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringers and Church of England
 - It mentions "membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling"
 - It mentions vicars pressing ringers to attend services
 - The specific sentence is: "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the <t>congregation</t>."
 - This is clearly referring to people who attend church/worship services

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=congregation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=fold, faithful
    - This fits perfectly. The context is about church attendance, members of the Church of England, and people attending services. The phrase "members of the congregation" is a standard collocation referring to the regular worshippers of a church.

 2. sense_key=congregation%1:14:01:: | definition=an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together | examples=a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph; a great congregation of birds flew over
    - This is a more general sense meaning just a gathering/collection. While technically people are gathered, the specific context of church, vicars, services, and the phrase "members of the congregation" strongly points to the religious specific sense, not the general "assemblage" sense.

 3. sense_key=congregation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of congregating | synonyms=congregating
    - This is the act/process sense (nominalization of the verb). But here "congregation" is clearly referring to a group of people (the object), not the act of gathering. The phrase "members of the congregation" confirms this is a noun referring to the group, not the action.

 The context is clearly religious: Church of England, vicars, services, worship. The phrase "members of the congregation" is used to distinguish between the bell ringers who are part of the church community (the congregation) versus those who just ring bells but don't attend services.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: still
Target surface form: still
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there <t>still</t> are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation | examples=it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?
2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, yet | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound | synonyms=stock-still | examples=he sat still as a statue; time stood still

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "still" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells."

The sentence is saying that despite the new band (several of whom are members of the congregation), there continues to be/not be enough ringers. The word "still" here indicates that a situation persists without change - there continues to be a shortage of ringers.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation | examples="it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?"
   - This means something continues to be the case. "There still are not enough" = there continues to be not enough. This fits well.

2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, yet, all the same, even so
   - This is the conjunctive/adversative sense, like "nevertheless". The sentence structure here isn't "despite X, still Y" in the concessive sense. "But" at the beginning of the sentence already serves the concessive function, and "still" here modifies "are not enough" indicating continuation.

3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, yet | examples="looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem"
   - This would be used in comparative contexts like "still more" or "still worse". Here it's "still are not enough" - not comparative.

4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound | synonyms=stock-still
   - This is the physical motion sense. Not applicable here.

So sense 1 is the best fit. The word "still" here means "up to and including the present time" or "without change" - the condition of not having enough ringers continues.

Wait, let me double-check sense 1 vs sense 2. Could this be the concessive sense? "But there still are not enough..."

In some contexts, "still" can be concessive, like "But still, I went." But here "still" is positioned between "there" and "are": "there still are not enough". This is the temporal/continuative sense - the state of there not being enough ringers continues to exist.

The examples for sense 1: "it's still warm outside" (continues to be warm), "will you still love me" (will you continue to love me). This matches "there still are not enough" (there continue to be not enough).

The answer should be sense index 1.

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=still%4:02:01::
2. sense_key=still%4:02:04::
3. sense_key=still%4:02:00::
4. sense_key=still%4:02:02::

So the indices are 1, 2, 3, 4 as listed. I need to return {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me make sure. The definition of sense 1: "with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation". Yes, this is the continuative sense. The condition of not having enough ringers exists without change.

The word "But" at the beginning introduces a contrast (new band exists, BUT shortage continues). The "still" emphasizes the continuation of the shortage despite the new band. This is exactly sense 1.

Sense 2 (despite anything to the contrary) would be if "still" functioned more like "nevertheless" connecting two clauses. But here "still" is an adverb modifying the verb phrase "are not enough", indicating the persistence of the state.

Therefore, the best sense is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough <t>ringers</t> to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ringers" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about Church of England, vicars, church bells, and bell ringing
 - It mentions "membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling"
 - It talks about "strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services"
 - It mentions "ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band"
 - It mentions "the tower" (bell tower)
 - It mentions "An entirely new band rings today" (band here means group of bell ringers)
 - It mentions "not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells"
 - It mentions bells at St. Mary's Church

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

 The context clearly involves church bells, vicars, church services, and bell towers. The word "ringers" refers to people who ring church bells.

 Sense 1 matches perfectly: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)"

 The other senses don't fit:
 - Sense 2 (dead ringer/clone) - no mention of look-alikes
 - Sense 3 (contestant under false pretenses) - no competition context
 - Sense 4 (horseshoes) - no horseshoe game context

 The context explicitly mentions bells ("ring more than six of the eight bells"), church services, vicars, and bell towers.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (ringer%1:18:02::).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user asks for "sense_index" in the JSON. Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02::
 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01::
 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00::
 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00::

 The question asks for the "single best indexed sense". The candidates are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. So I should return the index number.

 Sense 1 is the correct one.

 Let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the numbering:
 - ringer%1:18:02:: (this is the church bell ringer sense)
 - ringer%1:18:01:: (dead ringer)
 - ringer%1:18:00:: (contestant)
 - ringer%1:04:00:: (horseshoes)

 In WordNet, the last number before the :: is the lexicographer file number or sense number. But here the user has presented them as candidate senses 1, 2, 3, 4.

 The user says "Choose the single best indexed sense" and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 So I need to return the index of the candidate (1, 2, 3, or 4).

 The correct answer is candidate 1.

 Wait, let me look at the context again to make sure there isn't any trick. The text mentions "ringers" multiple times:
 - "often non-religious ringers to attend services"
 - "ringers who didn't attend service"
 - "the ringers promptly set up a picket line"
 - "not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells"

 This is definitely about bell ringers in churches. The mention of "eight bells" confirms this is about change ringing or church bell ringing.

 So yes, sense 1 is correct.

 The JSON should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: ring
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to <t>ring</t> more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ring" in a specific context.

 First, let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell ringing in churches (specifically Church of England)
 - It mentions "ringers" (people who ring bells)
 - It mentions "bells" and "tower" (bell tower)
 - The specific sentence with the target word: "But there still are not enough ringers to <t>ring</t> more than six of the eight bells."
 - This clearly refers to the action of causing bells to make sound, specifically in a church setting for musical purposes.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
    - This is about sounding loudly, but the specific example "the bells rang" suggests intransitive usage (the bells themselves rang)
    - The context here requires transitive usage (ringers ring the bells)

 2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
    - This is about echoing/reverberating, not about actively ringing bells
    - Doesn't fit the context of people (ringers) performing an action on bells

 3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
    - This is transitive: making bells ring
    - Specifically mentions "for the purposes of musical edification" which fits church bell ringing
    - Example specifically mentions church context: "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church"
    - The context is exactly about church bell ringers ringing bells in a tower
    - This fits perfectly

 4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone
    - This is about telephone calls, completely unrelated to bells

 5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border
    - This is about surrounding/encircling, not making sound

 6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band
    - This is about putting bands/tags on birds, not bells

 The context clearly involves church bell ringing. The sentence says "ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells" - this is about people causing bells to make sound in a musical/church context.

 Sense 3 is the best match:
 - It specifically mentions "make (bells) ring"
 - It mentions "for the purposes of musical edification" which fits church bells
 - The example specifically mentions church context: "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church"
 - The synonyms include "knell" which is bell-related
 - The subject is "ringers" (bell ringers) and the object is "bells"

 Sense 1 is close but seems more intransitive (the bells rang vs ringers ring the bells). Sense 3 explicitly mentions "make (bells) ring" which captures the transitive action the ringers perform on the bells.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 3.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00::
 2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04::
 3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01::
 4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00::
 5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03::
 6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00::

 So I need to return {"sense_index": 3}

 Actually, looking carefully at the target sentence: "But there still are not enough ringers to <t>ring</t> more than six of the eight bells."

 The verb "ring" here is used in the context of bell ringing in a church. The subject is "ringers" (people who ring bells) and the object is "bells". This is clearly the transitive use meaning "to make bells sound by pulling ropes" or similar.

 Sense 3 definition: "make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification"
 Examples: "Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church"

 This is an exact match for the context.

 Sense 1 definition: "sound loudly and sonorously"
 Examples: "the bells rang"
 This could be interpreted as intransitive (the bells rang) whereas the context requires transitive (ringers ring bells).

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure, sense 2:39:00 is usually the intransitive "sound" sense (the bells rang), while 2:39:01 is the transitive "cause to sound" sense (ring the bell). The example for sense 1 "the bells rang" confirms it's intransitive. The example for sense 3 "Ring the bells" confirms it's transitive.

 In the context "ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells", the verb is transitive (taking "bells" as object), so sense 3 is correct.

 Final check: The JSON should be exactly {"sense_index": 3}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight <t>bells</t>. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "bells" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about church bell ringing, ringers, towers, and church services.
- "Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone... sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line..."
- "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises"
- "But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight <t>bells</t>."
- "At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance."

So the "bells" here are physical objects in a church tower that are rung by "ringers" (bell ringers). They are hollow devices made of metal that make a ringing sound when struck.

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. bell%1:06:00:: - a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. bell%1:06:02:: - doorbell/buzzer
3. bell%1:11:00:: - the sound of a bell being struck (toll)
4. bell%1:28:00:: - nautical time unit
5. bell%1:25:00:: - shape of a bell
6. bell%1:18:02:: - Melville Bell (person)
7. bell%1:18:01:: - Vanessa Bell (person)
8. bell%1:18:00:: - Alexander Graham Bell (person)
9. bell%1:06:04:: - percussion instrument consisting of tuned bells struck with a hammer (chimes/gong)
10. bell%1:06:03:: - flared opening of tubular device

The context clearly refers to church bells - physical bells in a tower rung by pulling ropes. These are "hollow devices made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck."

Sense 1 is the general sense for the physical bell object.
Sense 9 is specifically "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument" - these are more like tubular bells or orchestra bells, not church change-ringing bells.
Sense 3 is the sound, not the physical object. The text says "ring more than six of the eight bells" - you ring the physical objects, so it's the physical bells.

Wait, let me double-check: "not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells" - here "bells" refers to the physical objects being rung.

Also: "the bells have fallen silent" - this could potentially be ambiguous between the physical bells and the sound, but given "ring more than six of the eight bells", it's clearly the physical objects.

Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - this fits church bells perfectly.

Sense 9 is specifically tuned bells struck with a hammer as an orchestral instrument (like glockenspiel or tubular bells), which is not what church bell ringing is. Church bells are rung by swinging them and having the clapper strike the side, or by pulling ropes that swing the bells.

So the best sense is sense 1 (index 1).

Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00::
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02::
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00::
...

So sense_index should be 1.

Let me verify once more. Could it be sense 9? "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument" - no, these are church bells rung by bell ringers in a tower, not orchestral bells.

Could it be sense 3 (the sound)? "the sound of a bell being struck" - while "the bells have fallen silent" might metaphorically refer to sound, "ring more than six of the eight bells" requires physical objects. Also, "bells" in "eight bells" refers to the physical bells in the tower.

Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

The output should be JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the <t>bells</t> have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "bells" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bells and bell ringers
 - It mentions "ringers who didn't attend service"
 - It mentions "the tower" (bell tower)
 - It mentions "ring more than six of the eight bells"
 - It mentions "the bells have fallen silent"
 - This is clearly about the physical objects (bells) in a church tower that are rung to produce sound

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
    - This fits perfectly. Church bells are hollow metal devices that make ringing sounds when struck.

 2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
    - This is about doorbells, not church bells. Doesn't fit.

 3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
    - This refers to the sound itself, not the physical object. The context mentions "eight bells" (countable physical objects) and "ring more than six of the eight bells" - this refers to the physical bells, not the sound. Also "the bells have fallen silent" - while this could metaphorically refer to sound, it's referring to the physical bells not being rung.

 4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell...
    - This is nautical timekeeping. Not relevant to church context.

 5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
    - This refers to the shape, not the instrument. The context is about ringing bells, not their shape.

 6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician...
    - Person named Bell. Not relevant.

 7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter...
    - Person named Bell. Not relevant.

 8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor...
    - Person named Bell. Not relevant.

 9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
    - This refers to orchestral chimes/gongs. While related, the context specifically mentions church bells in a tower, not orchestral instruments. Sense 1 is more general and fits better for church bells.

 10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device
    - This is like the bell of a trumpet or horn. Not relevant.

 So the choice is between sense 1 (the physical device) and sense 3 (the sound).

 Looking closely at the context:
 - "ring more than six of the eight bells" - This clearly refers to physical objects. You can't ring a sound (you can hear a sound, but ringing refers to causing the bell to produce sound by striking it).
 - "the bells have fallen silent" - This is metaphorical language referring to the physical bells not being rung, but it refers to the instruments themselves becoming silent (not producing sound).

 Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - This matches church bells perfectly.

 Sense 3 is about the sound itself: "the sound of a bell being struck". While bells produce sound, the context is clearly talking about the physical objects that are rung.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user wants the "sense_index" which appears to be the number after the sense key. Looking at the format:
 - sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: - this would be index 1? Or is the index the number at the end of the sense key?

 Actually, looking at the candidate senses list:
 1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00::
 2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02::
 3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00::
 etc.

 The user asks for "sense_index". Looking at the example output: {"sense_index": 3}

 This suggests I should return the number from the list (1-10), not the WordNet lexicographer ID.

 So if I choose sense 1 (the first one in the list), I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me verify:
 - Sense 1: bell%1:06:00:: - hollow device made of metal - YES, this is the correct sense for church bells.
 - Sense 3: bell%1:11:00:: - the sound - NO, the context refers to physical bells being rung.

 The context mentions "eight bells" - this is a countable noun referring to physical objects. It mentions "ringers" (people who ring bells) and "tower" (bell tower). This all points to sense 1.

 Final answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: silent
Target surface form: silent
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen <t>silent</t> following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:quiet:01 | definition=marked by absence of sound | synonyms=soundless, still | examples=a silent house; soundless footsteps on the grass
2. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:uncommunicative:00 | definition=failing to speak or communicate etc when expected to | synonyms=mum | examples=the witness remained silent
3. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=implied by or inferred from actions or statements | synonyms=tacit, understood | examples=gave silent consent; a tacit agreement
4. sense_key=silent%5:00:02:inaudible:00 | definition=not made to sound | synonyms=unsounded | examples=the silent `h' at the beginning of `honor'; in French certain letters are often unsounded
5. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:inaudible:00 | definition=having a frequency below or above the range of human audibility | examples=a silent dog whistle
6. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:inarticulate:00 | definition=unable to speak because of hereditary deafness | synonyms=dumb, mute

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "silent" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about church bells and ringers
 - "At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen <t>silent</t> following a dust-up over church attendance."
 - This means the bells are no longer making sound/ringing

 Candidate senses analysis:
 1. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:quiet:01 | definition=marked by absence of sound | synonyms=soundless, still | examples=a silent house; soundless footsteps on the grass
    - This fits perfectly. The bells have stopped ringing/making noise. "Marked by absence of sound" matches "fallen silent" for bells.

 2. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:uncommunicative:00 | definition=failing to speak or communicate etc when expected to | synonyms=mum | examples=the witness remained silent
    - This is about people not speaking, not objects like bells.

 3. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=implied by or inferred from actions or statements | synonyms=tacit, understood | examples=gave silent consent; a tacit agreement
    - This is about implied meaning, not physical silence of sound.

 4. sense_key=silent%5:00:02:inaudible:00 | definition=not made to sound | synonyms=unsounded | examples=the silent `h' at the beginning of `honor'; in French certain letters are often unsounded
    - This is about letters/phonemes not being pronounced, not bells stopping their ringing.

 5. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:inaudible:00 | definition=having a frequency below or above the range of human audibility | examples=a silent dog whistle
    - This is about sounds humans can't hear, but church bells are meant to be heard.

 6. sense_key=silent%5:00:00:inarticulate:00 | definition=unable to speak because of hereditary deafness | synonyms=dumb, mute
    - This is about people being unable to speak.

 The best fit is sense 1: "marked by absence of sound" - the bells have stopped ringing and are now quiet/soundless.

 The phrase "fallen silent" is commonly used with bells, meaning they have stopped ringing and are now without sound.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: follow
Target surface form: following
Context:
With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest. "They were a self-perpetuating club that treated the tower as sort of a separate premises, "the Vicar Hummerstone says. An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent <t>following</t> a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=follow%2:38:00:: | definition=to travel behind, go after, come after | examples=The ducklings followed their mother around the pond; Please follow the guide through the museum
2. sense_key=follow%2:42:00:: | definition=be later in time | synonyms=postdate | examples=Tuesday always follows Monday
3. sense_key=follow%2:42:05:: | definition=come as a logical consequence; follow logically | synonyms=fall out | examples=It follows that your assertion is false; the theorem falls out nicely
4. sense_key=follow%2:38:01:: | definition=travel along a certain course | synonyms=travel along | examples=follow the road; follow the trail
5. sense_key=follow%2:41:00:: | definition=act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes | synonyms=comply, abide by | examples=He complied with my instructions; You must comply or else!
6. sense_key=follow%2:42:01:: | definition=come after in time, as a result | synonyms=come after | examples=A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake
7. sense_key=follow%2:30:00:: | definition=behave in accordance or in agreement with | synonyms=conform to | examples=Follow a pattern; Follow my example
8. sense_key=follow%2:42:02:: | definition=be next | examples=Mary plays best, with John and Sue following
9. sense_key=follow%2:40:00:: | definition=choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans | synonyms=adopt, espouse | examples=She followed the feminist movement; The candidate espouses Republican ideals
10. sense_key=follow%2:42:03:: | definition=to bring something about at a later time than | examples=She followed dinner with a brandy; He followed his lecture with a question and answer period
11. sense_key=follow%2:36:00:: | definition=imitate in behavior; take as a model | synonyms=take after | examples=Teenagers follow their friends in everything
12. sense_key=follow%2:31:00:: | definition=follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something | synonyms=trace | examples=We must follow closely the economic development is Cuba; trace the student's progress
13. sense_key=follow%2:41:02:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=watch, observe, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
14. sense_key=follow%2:41:01:: | definition=be the successor (of) | synonyms=succeed, come after | examples=Carter followed Ford; Will Charles succeed to the throne?
15. sense_key=follow%2:36:01:: | definition=perform an accompaniment to | synonyms=play along, accompany | examples=The orchestra could barely follow the frequent pitch changes of the soprano
16. sense_key=follow%2:30:01:: | definition=keep informed | synonyms=keep up, keep abreast | examples=He kept up on his country's foreign policies
17. sense_key=follow%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=come | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
18. sense_key=follow%2:41:10:: | definition=accept and follow the leadership or command or guidance of | examples=Let's follow our great helmsman!; She followed a guru for years
19. sense_key=follow%2:41:11:: | definition=adhere to or practice | examples=These people still follow the laws of their ancient religion
20. sense_key=follow%2:41:09:: | definition=work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function | synonyms=be | examples=He is a herpetologist; She is our resident philosopher
21. sense_key=follow%2:39:13:: | definition=keep under surveillance | synonyms=surveil, survey | examples=The police had been following him for weeks but they could not prove his involvement in the bombing
22. sense_key=follow%2:38:13:: | definition=follow in or as if in pursuit | synonyms=pursue | examples=The police car pursued the suspected attacker; Her bad deed followed her and haunted her dreams all her life
23. sense_key=follow%2:31:14:: | definition=grasp the meaning | examples=Can you follow her argument?; When he lectures, I cannot follow
24. sense_key=follow%2:30:12:: | definition=keep to | synonyms=stick to, stick with | examples=Stick to your principles; stick to the diet

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "following" in the given context. The target lemma is "follow" and the surface form is "following".

Let me analyze the context:
"At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent <t>following</t> a dust-up over church attendance."

The sentence means that the bells fell silent after/ as a result of a dispute over church attendance. The word "following" here indicates a temporal sequence where one event (the dust-up) precedes another (the bells falling silent), and there's a causal or consequential relationship.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=follow%2:38:00:: | definition=to travel behind, go after, come after | examples=The ducklings followed their mother around the pond; Please follow the guide through the museum
- This is about physical movement/traveling behind. Not applicable here.

2. sense_key=follow%2:42:00:: | definition=be later in time | synonyms=postdate | examples=Tuesday always follows Monday
- This is about temporal sequence. "Tuesday follows Monday" - purely temporal.

3. sense_key=follow%2:42:05:: | definition=come as a logical consequence; follow logically | synonyms=fall out | examples=It follows that your assertion is false; the theorem falls out nicely
- This is about logical consequence, not temporal events.

4. sense_key=follow%2:38:01:: | definition=travel along a certain course | synonyms=travel along | examples=follow the road; follow the trail
- Physical movement again.

5. sense_key=follow%2:41:00:: | definition=act in accordance with someone's rules, commands, or wishes | synonyms=comply, abide by | examples=He complied with my instructions; You must comply or else!
- About compliance.

6. sense_key=follow%2:42:01:: | definition=come after in time, as a result | synonyms=come after | examples=A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake
- This looks promising. "come after in time, as a result" - both temporal and causal. The example "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake" shows a natural disaster following another event, both temporally and as a result.

7. sense_key=follow%2:30:00:: | definition=behave in accordance or in agreement with | synonyms=conform to | examples=Follow a pattern; Follow my example
- About behavior/conformity.

8. sense_key=follow%2:42:02:: | definition=be next | examples=Mary plays best, with John and Sue following
- About being next in sequence (like in a list or competition).

9. sense_key=follow%2:40:00:: | definition=choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans | synonyms=adopt, espouse | examples=She followed the feminist movement; The candidate espouses Republican ideals
- About adopting ideas.

10. sense_key=follow%2:42:03:: | definition=to bring something about at a later time than | examples=She followed dinner with a brandy; He followed his lecture with a question and answer period
- This is about intentionally doing something after something else (transitive).

11. sense_key=follow%2:36:00:: | definition=imitate in behavior; take as a model | synonyms=take after | examples=Teenagers follow their friends in everything
- Imitation.

12. sense_key=follow%2:31:00:: | definition=follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something | synonyms=trace | examples=We must follow closely the economic development is Cuba; trace the student's progress
- Tracing/tracking.

13. sense_key=follow%2:41:02:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=watch, observe, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
- Watching.

14. sense_key=follow%2:41:01:: | definition=be the successor (of) | synonyms=succeed, come after | examples=Carter followed Ford; Will Charles succeed to the throne?
- Succession in position/office.

15. sense_key=follow%2:36:01:: | definition=perform an accompaniment to | synonyms=play along, accompany | examples=The orchestra could barely follow the frequent pitch changes of the soprano
- Musical accompaniment.

16. sense_key=follow%2:30:01:: | definition=keep informed | synonyms=keep up, keep abreast | examples=He kept up on his country's foreign policies
- Keeping informed.

17. sense_key=follow%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=come | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
- Being the result/product.

18. sense_key=follow%2:41:10:: | definition=accept and follow the leadership or command or guidance of | examples=Let's follow our great helmsman!; She followed a guru for years
- Following a leader.

19. sense_key=follow%2:41:11:: | definition=adhere to or practice | examples=These people still follow the laws of their ancient religion
- Practicing religion/laws.

20. sense_key=follow%2:41:09:: | definition=work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function | synonyms=be | examples=He is a herpetologist; She is our resident philosopher
- This seems like a different sense (probably "follow" as in "what field do you follow?").

21. sense_key=follow%2:39:13:: | definition=keep under surveillance | synonyms=surveil, survey | examples=The police had been following him for weeks but they could not prove his involvement in the bombing
- Surveillance.

22. sense_key=follow%2:38:13:: | definition=follow in or as if in pursuit | synonyms=pursue | examples=The police car pursued the suspected attacker; Her bad deed followed her and haunted her dreams all her life
- Pursuit.

23. sense_key=follow%2:31:14:: | definition=grasp the meaning | examples=Can you follow her argument?; When he lectures, I cannot follow
- Understanding.

24. sense_key=follow%2:30:12:: | definition=keep to | synonyms=stick to, stick with | examples=Stick to your principles; stick to the diet
- Adhering to.

Now, looking at the specific context: "the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance."

This means the bells fell silent after the dust-up (dispute), and as a result of it.

Sense 6: "come after in time, as a result" with example "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake" seems to fit best. The earthquake caused the tsunami, and the tsunami came after the earthquake in time. Similarly, the dust-up caused the bells to fall silent, and the silence came after the dust-up.

Sense 2 is "be later in time" which is purely temporal (Tuesday follows Monday), but doesn't capture the "as a result" aspect which seems important here.

Sense 17 is "to be the product or result" - but this would mean the bells falling silent is the product of the dust-up, but the syntax "following" suggests the dust-up is what precedes, not that the bells are the product. Actually, looking at sense 17: "to be the product or result" with example "Melons come from a vine" - this is about origin/result, not temporal sequence.

Sense 6 specifically mentions "come after in time, as a result" which matches perfectly: the bells fell silent (event B) came after in time the dust-up (event A), as a result of the dust-up.

The example for sense 6: "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake" - here the tsunami is the consequence that came after the earthquake. In our text, the bells falling silent is the consequence that came after the dust-up.

Therefore, sense 6 (index 6) is the best choice.

Wait, let me double-check the sense numbering. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=follow%2:38:00::
2. sense_key=follow%2:42:00::
3. sense_key=follow%2:42:05::
4. sense_key=follow%2:38:01::
5. sense_key=follow%2:41:00::
6. sense_key=follow%2:42:01::
...

So sense 6 is indeed follow%2:42:01:: with definition "come after in time, as a result".

Yes, this is the correct sense. The word "following" here is used as a preposition meaning "after" or "as a result of", which corresponds to this sense of the verb "follow".

Actually, looking at WordNet, "following" as a preposition would derive from the verb sense meaning "to come after in time". The specific sense key follow%2:42:01:: is "come after in time, as a result".

Let me verify if there's any other sense that might fit better.

Sense 10: "to bring something about at a later time than" - this is transitive. "She followed dinner with a brandy" - the subject is doing the following. In our sentence, "following" is not transitive in that way; it's more like "after" or "subsequent to".

Sense 6 is intransitive: "A terrible tsunami followed the earthquake" - the tsunami is the subject, the earthquake is the object (or following takes the earthquake as a complement). Actually in "tsunami followed the earthquake", the earthquake is the thing being followed (the prior event), and the tsunami is what comes after.

In "bells have fallen silent following a dust-up", the dust-up is the prior event, and the silence is what comes after.

So yes, sense 6 is correct.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 6}.

provider: Venice