[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: plane
Target surface form: planes
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off <t>planes</t> and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=plane%1:06:01:: | definition=an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets | synonyms=airplane, aeroplane | examples=the flight was delayed due to trouble with the airplane
2. sense_key=plane%1:25:00:: | definition=(mathematics) an unbounded two-dimensional shape | synonyms=sheet | examples=we will refer to the plane of the graph as the X-Y plane; any line joining two points on a plane lies wholly on that plane
3. sense_key=plane%1:26:00:: | definition=a level of existence or development | examples=he lived on a worldly plane
4. sense_key=plane%1:06:02:: | definition=a power tool for smoothing or shaping wood | synonyms=planer, planing machine
5. sense_key=plane%1:06:00:: | definition=a carpenter's hand tool with an adjustable blade for smoothing or shaping wood | synonyms=carpenter's plane, woodworking plane | examples=the cabinetmaker used a plane for the finish work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "planes" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is: "High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off <t>planes</t> and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week."
- The context is about officials arriving at climate change talks in Copenhagen.
- They "stepped off planes" - this clearly refers to aircraft.
- The officials are arriving from different countries (India, China) to attend an international meeting.
- "Stepped off" implies disembarking from a vehicle, specifically an aircraft in this context.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=plane%1:06:01:: | definition=an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets | synonyms=airplane, aeroplane | examples=the flight was delayed due to trouble with the airplane
2. sense_key=plane%1:25:00:: | definition=(mathematics) an unbounded two-dimensional shape | synonyms=sheet | examples=we will refer to the plane of the graph as the X-Y plane; any line joining two points on a plane lies wholly on that plane
3. sense_key=plane%1:26:00:: | definition=a level of existence or development | examples=he lived on a worldly plane
4. sense_key=plane%1:06:02:: | definition=a power tool for smoothing or shaping wood | synonyms=planer, planing machine
5. sense_key=plane%1:06:00:: | definition=a carpenter's hand tool with an adjustable blade for smoothing or shaping wood | synonyms=carpenter's plane, woodworking plane | examples=the cabinetmaker used a plane for the finish work

The context clearly involves people arriving at an international conference by air travel. "Stepped off planes" means they disembarked from aircraft. This matches sense 1 perfectly: an aircraft with fixed wings powered by propellers or jets.

Sense 2 is mathematical, sense 3 is metaphorical/abstract level, senses 4 and 5 are woodworking tools. None of these fit the context of officials arriving at a conference.

The answer should be sense index 1.

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=plane%1:06:01::
2. sense_key=plane%1:25:00::
3. sense_key=plane%1:26:00::
4. sense_key=plane%1:06:02::
5. sense_key=plane%1:06:00::

So the indices are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The aircraft sense is index 1.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hall
Target surface form: halls
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's <t>halls</t> to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hall%1:06:03:: | definition=an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open | synonyms=hallway | examples=the elevators were at the end of the hall
2. sense_key=hall%1:06:05:: | definition=a large entrance or reception room or area | synonyms=anteroom, antechamber, entrance hall, foyer, lobby, vestibule
3. sense_key=hall%1:06:02:: | definition=a large room for gatherings or entertainment | examples=lecture hall; pool hall
4. sense_key=hall%1:06:04:: | definition=a college or university building containing living quarters for students | synonyms=dormitory, dorm, residence hall, student residence
5. sense_key=hall%1:06:06:: | definition=the large room of a manor or castle | synonyms=manor hall
6. sense_key=hall%1:18:04:: | definition=English writer whose novel about a lesbian relationship was banned in Britain for many years (1883-1943) | synonyms=Radclyffe Hall, Marguerite Radclyffe Hall
7. sense_key=hall%1:18:03:: | definition=United States child psychologist whose theories of child psychology strongly influenced educational psychology (1844-1924) | synonyms=G. Stanley Hall, Granville Stanley Hall
8. sense_key=hall%1:18:02:: | definition=United States chemist who developed an economical method of producing aluminum from bauxite (1863-1914) | synonyms=Charles Martin Hall
9. sense_key=hall%1:18:01:: | definition=United States explorer who led three expeditions to the Arctic (1821-1871) | synonyms=Charles Francis Hall
10. sense_key=hall%1:18:00:: | definition=United States astronomer who discovered Phobos and Deimos (the two satellites of Mars) (1829-1907) | synonyms=Asaph Hall
11. sense_key=hall%1:06:07:: | definition=a large and imposing house | synonyms=mansion, mansion house, manse, residence
12. sense_key=hall%1:06:08:: | definition=a large building used by a college or university for teaching or research | examples=halls of learning
13. sense_key=hall%1:06:01:: | definition=a large building for meetings or entertainment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "halls" in the given context. I need to choose the best sense from the candidate senses provided.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about climate change negotiations at the Bella Center in Copenhagen
 - "High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's <t>halls</t> to closed-door meetings and news conferences"
 - The Bella Center is a convention center
 - People are moving through these halls to get to meetings and news conferences
 - The context mentions "the sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=hall%1:06:03:: | definition=an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open | synonyms=hallway | examples=the elevators were at the end of the hall
 - This refers to corridors/passageways in a building
 - People "raced through" these halls to get to meetings
 - This fits well with the idea of moving through corridors to reach rooms

 2. sense_key=hall%1:06:05:: | definition=a large entrance or reception room or area | synonyms=anteroom, antechamber, entrance hall, foyer, lobby, vestibule
 - This is more specific to entrance/reception areas
 - While possible, the text emphasizes movement through the space to get to other locations (meetings), which suggests corridors more than just entrance areas

 3. sense_key=hall%1:06:02:: | definition=a large room for gatherings or entertainment | examples=lecture hall; pool hall
 - This would be the rooms themselves where gatherings happen
 - But the text says they raced "through" the halls "to" closed-door meetings, implying the halls are the passageways, not the meeting rooms themselves

 4. sense_key=hall%1:06:04:: | definition=a college or university building containing living quarters for students | synonyms=dormitory, dorm, residence hall, student residence
 - Not relevant - this is a convention center, not a dormitory

 5. sense_key=hall%1:06:06:: | definition=the large room of a manor or castle | synonyms=manor hall
 - Not relevant - this is a convention center

 6-10. Various people named Hall
 - Not relevant - clearly referring to architectural features

 11. sense_key=hall%1:06:07:: | definition=a large and imposing house | synonyms=mansion, mansion house, manse, residence
 - Not relevant

 12. sense_key=hall%1:06:08:: | definition=a large building used by a college or university for teaching or research | examples=halls of learning
 - Not relevant - this is a convention center, not specifically a university building (though it is being used for the climate talks)

 13. sense_key=hall%1:06:01:: | definition=a large building for meetings or entertainment
 - This refers to the building itself, but the usage here is "the Bella Center's halls" - implying parts of the building, not the building itself. Also, you don't typically "race through" a whole building in the plural sense in this context.

 The best fit is sense 1: "an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open" (hallway).

 The context describes people moving through the Bella Center's halls to get to meetings and news conferences. This strongly suggests corridors or passageways that connect different rooms/areas, which matches sense 1.

 The phrase "raced through the... halls" implies movement along pathways/corridors, not gathering in large rooms (sense 3) or entering through reception areas (sense 2).

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: ModelRun

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: meeting
Target surface form: meetings
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door <t>meetings</t> and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=meeting%1:14:00:: | definition=a formally arranged gathering | synonyms=group meeting | examples=next year the meeting will be in Chicago; the meeting elected a chairperson
2. sense_key=meeting%1:14:01:: | definition=a small informal social gathering | synonyms=get together | examples=there was an informal meeting in my living room
3. sense_key=meeting%1:11:00:: | definition=a casual or unexpected convergence | synonyms=encounter | examples=he still remembers their meeting in Paris; there was a brief encounter in the hallway
4. sense_key=meeting%1:04:00:: | definition=the social act of assembling for some common purpose | synonyms=coming together | examples=his meeting with the salesmen was the high point of his day
5. sense_key=meeting%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of joining together as one | synonyms=merging, coming together | examples=the merging of the two groups occurred quickly; there was no meeting of minds
6. sense_key=meeting%1:15:00:: | definition=a place where things merge or flow together (especially rivers) | synonyms=confluence | examples=Pittsburgh is located at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "meetings" in the given context. I need to choose the best sense from the 6 candidate senses provided.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about climate change negotiations in Copenhagen (COP15)
 - High-level officials (Indian environment minister, Chinese vice minister) stepped off planes and raced through halls to "closed-door meetings" and news conferences
 - These are formal diplomatic/political gatherings
 - The context mentions "talks", "negotiations", "delegates", "heads of government", "convention center"
 - The meetings are described as "closed-door" which suggests formal, arranged gatherings rather than casual encounters

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=meeting%1:14:00:: | definition=a formally arranged gathering | synonyms=group meeting | examples=next year the meeting will be in Chicago; the meeting elected a chairperson
    - This fits well. These are formal diplomatic meetings, arranged gatherings of officials. "Closed-door meetings" in the context of international climate negotiations are definitely formally arranged gatherings.

 2. sense_key=meeting%1:14:01:: | definition=a small informal social gathering | synonyms=get together | examples=there was an informal meeting in my living room
    - This doesn't fit. The context describes high-level diplomatic negotiations, not small informal social gatherings in living rooms.

 3. sense_key=meeting%1:11:00:: | definition=a casual or unexpected convergence | synonyms=encounter | examples=he still remembers their meeting in Paris; there was a brief encounter in the hallway
    - This doesn't fit. These are planned, formal diplomatic meetings, not casual or unexpected encounters.

 4. sense_key=meeting%1:04:00:: | definition=the social act of assembling for some common purpose | synonyms=coming together | examples=his meeting with the salesmen was the high point of his day
    - This is close, but sense 1 seems more specific and appropriate. Sense 4 focuses on the "act" of assembling, while sense 1 focuses on the gathering itself. In the context, they are going to specific closed-door meetings (noun referring to the event/gathering), not emphasizing the act of assembling.

 5. sense_key=meeting%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of joining together as one | synonyms=merging, coming together | examples=the merging of the two groups occurred quickly; there was no meeting of minds
    - This refers to merging/joining, not applicable here.

 6. sense_key=meeting%1:15:00:: | definition=a place where things merge or flow together (especially rivers) | synonyms=confluence | examples=Pittsburgh is located at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers
    - This is geographical, not applicable.

 Between sense 1 and sense 4:
 - Sense 1: "a formally arranged gathering" - this fits "closed-door meetings" in a diplomatic context perfectly. These are scheduled, formal gatherings of officials.
 - Sense 4: "the social act of assembling for some common purpose" - while technically true, this is more abstract and focuses on the act rather than the event. The context mentions "closed-door meetings" as specific events that officials are racing to attend.

 The phrase "closed-door meetings" strongly suggests formally arranged gatherings (sense 1) rather than just the act of assembling. Also, the context mentions "talks", "negotiations", and "convention center", all pointing to formal, organized events.

 Therefore, sense 1 (index 1) is the best choice.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=meeting%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=meeting%1:14:01::
 3. sense_key=meeting%1:11:00::
 4. sense_key=meeting%1:04:00::
 5. sense_key=meeting%1:04:02::
 6. sense_key=meeting%1:15:00::

 So the index I should return is 1.

 Let me double-check:
 - The context: "High-level officials... stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences"
 - These are clearly formal, arranged gatherings of groups of people (diplomats, officials) for official business.
 - Sense 1: "a formally arranged gathering" - perfect match.
 - Sense 4 is about the "act" of assembling, which is less concrete than the actual gathering/event.

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: claim
Target surface form: claims
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out <t>claims</t> that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
2. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims
3. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
4. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
5. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "claims" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The target word "claims" appears in this sentence:
"High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out <t>claims</t> that will be arbitrated over the next week."

Key context:
- This is about climate change negotiations in Copenhagen
- High-level officials are racing to meetings and news conferences
- They are staking out "claims"
- These claims will be "arbitrated" over the next week
- The context involves negotiations between countries (China, India, small island nations, etc.)
- The word "stake out" is used with "claims"

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
- This is about asserting a right to money or property. While negotiations involve rights, this seems more legal/monetary.

2. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims
- This is about asserting truth/factuality. The context here isn't about stating facts, but about staking out positions or demands in negotiations.

3. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
- This is a demand for something as rightful or due. This fits well with negotiation contexts where countries make demands or assert what they believe they are owed.

4. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
- This seems more personal and informal, not fitting international negotiations.

5. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
- This is about established legal rights, often property-related. The context here is about negotiating positions, not established legal rights.

6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty
- This is very vague and refers to specific phrases like "call of duty."

Now, looking at the phrase "stake out claims":
- "Stake out a claim" is an idiom meaning to assert one's right to something or to declare one's position/intentions
- In diplomatic/negotiation contexts, "claims" often refers to the positions, demands, or assertions of what a party wants or believes it deserves
- The word "arbitrated" suggests these are competing demands or positions that need to be resolved

Between sense 1 (assertion of right to money/property) and sense 3 (demand for something as rightful or due):
- Sense 3 seems more appropriate because it's about demanding something as rightful or due, which fits diplomatic negotiations where countries make demands/claims about climate responsibilities, emissions targets, etc.
- Sense 1 is more specific to money/property damages
- Sense 3's example "they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day" shows it's about demands in a negotiation/labor context

However, let me reconsider sense 1 vs sense 3 more carefully:
- Sense 1: "an assertion of a right (as to money or property)" - the "as to" suggests examples include money or property, but might not be limited to them?
- Sense 3: "demand for something as rightful or due" - this is clearly about demanding something

In international climate negotiations, countries are asserting their rights or making demands regarding emissions targets, financial support, etc. The phrase "stake out claims" combined with "arbitrated" suggests these are positions or demands that will be negotiated.

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 1: "his claim asked for damages" - legal/monetary
- Sense 3: "they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day" - labor negotiation demand

The context of climate talks where officials are racing to establish positions that will be arbitrated fits better with sense 3 - demands for something considered rightful or due (e.g., right to development, right to emissions, demands for funding, etc.).

But wait, sense 1 is "an assertion of a right" - in international law, countries assert rights. Sense 3 is "demand for something as rightful or due."

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- Sense 1 (claim%1:10:00::) is under noun.communication (10)
- Sense 3 (claim%1:04:00::) is under noun.act (04)

The context suggests these are communicative acts - assertions made in news conferences and meetings. But sense 3 is about the act of demanding...

Let me think about "stake out claims" more carefully. This phrase typically means to mark out or establish one's position or rights to something. In mining, it means to mark territory. In negotiations, it means to state clearly what one wants or believes one deserves.

Given that these will be "arbitrated," this suggests competing claims/positions that need resolution.

Between sense 1 and 3:
- Sense 1 focuses on the assertion of a right
- Sense 3 focuses on the demand for something as rightful

In diplomatic contexts, "claims" often refers to the positions or demands countries make. However, sense 1's definition "an assertion of a right" is quite broad.

But looking at the examples for sense 1: "his claim asked for damages" - this is about legal compensation.
Examples for sense 3: "they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day" - this is about workers demanding better conditions.

In the climate change context, developing countries like India and China might be asserting their right to development (carbon emissions), or demanding financial support. This could fit either sense 1 or 3.

However, sense 2 is "an assertion that something is true or factual" - this doesn't fit because they're not asserting facts, they're staking out positions.

Sense 4 and 5 are about informal/established rights to things (like property or attention), which doesn't fit.

Sense 6 is too specific to phrases like "call of duty."

So it's between 1 and 3.

The phrase "stake out claims" in the context of diplomatic negotiations where officials are racing to meetings suggests they are establishing their bargaining positions - what they demand or assert as their right.

Given the example for sense 3 involves a labor strike (collective bargaining/negotiation), and the context here is international negotiation, sense 3 seems most appropriate.

But let me double-check the WordNet sense keys. The user provided:
1. claim%1:10:00:: - assertion of right (money/property)
2. claim%1:10:02:: - assertion of truth
3. claim%1:04:00:: - demand for something as rightful or due
4. claim%1:07:02:: - informal right
5. claim%1:07:01:: - established right
6. claim%1:10:01:: - demand especially in phrase

Wait, sense 6 says "a demand especially in the phrase" with example "the call of duty" and synonym "call". This seems to be referring to the phrase "claim to fame" or similar? Actually, looking at WordNet, sense 6 might be related to "call" as in "the call of duty" but labeled as claim? That seems odd. Let me assume the provided definitions are correct.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet for "claim" noun:
- Sense 1: an assertion of a right (as to money or property) - "his claim asked for damages"
- Sense 2: an assertion that something is true or factual - "his claim that he was innocent"
- Sense 3: demand for something as rightful or due - "they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day"
- Sense 4: an informal right to something - "his claim on her attentions"
- Sense 5: an established or recognized right - "a strong legal claim to the property"
- Sense 6: a demand especially in the phrase 'the call of duty' - wait, that doesn't make sense. Actually, WordNet sense 6 for claim noun is: "an established or recognized right" - no, that's sense 5.

Let me reconsider. The user lists:
6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty

This seems to be referring to the word "claim" in phrases, but the example "the call of duty" uses "call" not "claim". This might be a WordNet error or confusion. But regardless, I should use the provided definitions.

Back to the context: "stake out claims that will be arbitrated"

In international relations and negotiations, when countries "stake out claims," they are asserting their positions or demands regarding what they believe they are entitled to in the negotiations. This aligns well with sense 3: "demand for something as rightful or due."

The word "arbitrated" also fits with sense 3 - disputes over demands or what is rightful/due are arbitrated.

Sense 1 is more about legal claims to money/property, which is too narrow for climate negotiation positions.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 3.

Wait, I should verify if sense 1 could apply. In international law, countries make "claims" to rights - like the right to territorial waters, etc. But in climate negotiations, they're usually making "demands" or "assertions" about emission targets, financial transfers, etc.

The phrase "stake out" strongly suggests establishing a position or demand in a competitive environment.

Also, looking at the example for sense 3: "they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day" - this is a group (workers) making a collective demand in a negotiation context with management. This parallels the context of countries (Alliance of Small Island States, etc.) making demands in climate negotiations.

Therefore, sense 3 is the best choice.

One final check: could it be sense 2 (assertion of truth)? No, because they're not claiming that something is true; they're claiming rights or making demands.

So the answer is sense_index: 3.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
This is clearly a game where a new economic hegemony is being developed, said Ulate, who also serves as the regional Mexico and Central America climate change adviser for Conservation International. Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next <t>week</t>. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "week" in the given context.

 Target lemma: week
 Target surface form: week
 Context: "...claims that will be arbitrated over the next <t>week</t>."

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
 2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
 3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next <t>week</t>."
 - This is about climate change negotiations in Copenhagen.
 - The officials are staking out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week.
 - This refers to a general period of seven consecutive days, not specifically a workweek (sense 2) or a calendar week starting on Sunday (sense 3).

 Sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days" - This fits best. It's a general reference to the upcoming seven days of the conference/negotiations.
 Sense 2: "hours or days of work in a calendar week" - This specifically refers to workweeks (like 40-hour week). The context is about negotiations and arbitration happening over the next week, not specifically about work hours.
 Sense 3: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday" - This is too specific about starting on Sunday. The text doesn't indicate that this period starts on Sunday. It's just referring to the next seven days from the current point in time.

 The phrase "over the next week" typically refers to any period of seven consecutive days starting from now, not necessarily a calendar week starting on Sunday, and not specifically a workweek.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense distinctions:
 - week%1:28:00:: is the general sense (any period of seven consecutive days)
 - week%1:28:01:: is the workweek sense
 - week%1:28:02:: is the calendar week sense (starting on Sunday)

 In the context "over the next week", this is referring to the upcoming seven-day period. It doesn't specify whether it's a workweek (Monday-Friday) or a calendar week (Sunday-Saturday). It's just a general seven-day period.

 So sense_index should be 1.

 But wait, I need to be careful. Sometimes "week" in news contexts about ongoing events might refer to the calendar week. However, "the next week" usually means the next seven days from the reference time.

 Let me look at the examples again:
 - Sense 1: "it rained for a week" - general duration
 - Sense 2: "they worked a 40-hour week" - work context
 - Sense 3: no example given, but defined as starting on Sunday

 The context is about negotiations happening "over the next week" - this is a temporal duration. It's not about work schedules (sense 2), and there's no indication it's specifically the calendar week starting on Sunday (sense 3). It's just the upcoming seven-day period.

 Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: gathering
Target surface form: gathering
Context:
Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the <t>gathering</t> -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge. The intensity is only building: nearly all of the key ministers are now here, and as early as Wednesday 60 heads of government will be in Copenhagen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=gathering%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of persons together in one place | synonyms=assemblage
2. sense_key=gathering%1:04:00:: | definition=the social act of assembling | synonyms=assembly, assemblage | examples=they demanded the right of assembly
3. sense_key=gathering%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of gathering something | synonyms=gather
4. sense_key=gathering%1:06:00:: | definition=sewing consisting of small folds or puckers made by pulling tight a thread in a line of stitching | synonyms=gather

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "gathering" in the provided context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about climate change talks in Copenhagen
 - It mentions "The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day..."
 - It describes the gathering as having guitar-playing activists, draft proposals being passed, etc.
 - It's referring to the physical event/conference where people are assembled

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=gathering%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of persons together in one place | synonyms=assemblage
    - This refers to a group of people (noun, group)
    - "a group of persons together in one place"

 2. sense_key=gathering%1:04:00:: | definition=the social act of assembling | synonyms=assembly, assemblage | examples=they demanded the right of assembly
    - This refers to the act/process of assembling (noun, act)
    - "the social act of assembling"

 3. sense_key=gathering%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of gathering something | synonyms=gather
    - This refers to collecting/gathering objects/things
    - Not relevant here

 4. sense_key=gathering%1:06:00:: | definition=sewing consisting of small folds or puckers made by pulling tight a thread in a line of stitching | synonyms=gather
    - This is about sewing
    - Not relevant here

 Now, is the target word referring to:
 - A group of people (sense 1)?
 - The act of assembling (sense 2)?

 Context clues:
 - "The sheer sprawl of the gathering" - suggests a physical entity that can have sprawl
 - "where 13,000 people move in and out" - describes the location/event
 - "poses a challenge" - the gathering (as an event/group) poses a challenge

 The description focuses on the characteristics of the event itself - the sprawl, the number of people, the activities happening there. This suggests it's referring to the assembled group of people (the conference/event as a collection of people), rather than the abstract act of assembling.

 However, let me reconsider. In WordNet:
 - Sense 1 (1:14:00) is a noun denoting a group of people (a gathering of people)
 - Sense 2 (1:04:00) is a noun denoting an act/event (the act of assembling)

 The phrase "the sheer sprawl of the gathering" where it describes 13,000 people moving in and out, activists performing, etc., treats "gathering" as the event itself - the conference. But is this the "group of persons" or the "act"?

 Actually, looking carefully:
 - "The sheer sprawl of the gathering" - this treats it as a concrete entity
 - The description that follows characterizes the event/place where these things happen

 In many contexts, "gathering" referring to a conference or meeting can be either:
 - The group of people assembled (sense 1)
 - The event itself (which could be sense 2, the act of assembling extended to mean the event)

 But looking at the WordNet definitions:
 - Sense 1: "a group of persons together in one place" - this is a collective noun for the people
 - Sense 2: "the social act of assembling" - this is the process/action

 In the sentence: "The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out..."
 This is describing the event/conference as a whole. But WordNet sense 1 specifically defines it as "a group of persons".

 However, looking at the examples and usage:
 - If I say "the gathering was large", I could mean the group was large (sense 1) or the event was large (sense 2)
 - But "13,000 people" clearly indicates we're talking about the people present

 Actually, looking at the specific context: "The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out..."
 The dash provides appositive information explaining what the gathering consists of. The gathering is the place/event where these people are.

 But strictly by WordNet:
 - Sense 1 (1:14:00) is the group of persons
 - Sense 2 (1:04:00) is the act

 In this context, "gathering" refers to the conference/event in Copenhagen. It's the assembled group of people (diplomats, activists, etc.).

 Let me check the examples for sense 2: "they demanded the right of assembly" - this is clearly about the act/permission to assemble.

 In our text: "The sheer sprawl of the gathering" - this is referring to the physical extent of the assembled crowd/event.

 I think sense 1 is correct: "a group of persons together in one place" - referring to the 13,000 people assembled at the conference.

 Wait, but is it possible it's sense 2? The "social act of assembling"? The text says the gathering "poses a challenge" because of its sprawl, the people moving in and out, etc. This is describing the event as a whole.

 Actually, looking at similar usage: "The gathering was held in Copenhagen" - this would typically be sense 2 (the event/act), but could be sense 1 (the group).

 But the definition of sense 1 is specifically "a group of persons". The text mentions "13,000 people" which supports that this is a group of persons.

 Also, the word "sprawl" suggests a physical spread of people/activities.

 I believe sense 1 (gathering%1:14:00::) is the correct choice.

 Let me double-check by looking at the other senses to make sure I'm not missing something:
 - Sense 3: act of gathering something (like gathering crops) - clearly not this
 - Sense 4: sewing term - clearly not this

 So it's between 1 and 2.

 The key distinction in WordNet is:
 - 1:14:00 = group (artifact)
 - 1:04:00 = act (act)

 The context describes the gathering as having physical characteristics (sprawl, location at Bella Center, people moving in and out). This aligns with it being a group of persons assembled in a place.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index 1.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=gathering%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=gathering%1:04:00::
 3. sense_key=gathering%1:04:01::
 4. sense_key=gathering%1:06:00::

 So sense_index 1 corresponds to the first one in the list.

 Final check: The text describes "the sheer sprawl of the gathering" followed by details about what happens there (13,000 people, guitar-playing activists, etc.). This is describing the assembled group/event as a concrete entity consisting of people. This matches sense 1: "a group of persons together in one place".

 Yes, I'm confident it's sense 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 <t>people</t> move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge. The intensity is only building: nearly all of the key ministers are now here, and as early as Wednesday 60 heads of government will be in Copenhagen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "people" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 <t>people</t> move in and out of the convention center each day..."

The sentence is describing a large gathering/convention where 13,000 individuals move in and out of the convention center. It's talking about human beings collectively attending an event.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Analysis:
- Sense 1: "any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively" - This fits well. The context mentions "13,000 people" as individuals attending a convention. The example "there were at least 200 people in the audience" is very similar to counting people at a gathering.
- Sense 2: "the body of citizens of a state or country" - This refers to a national group (e.g., "the Spanish people"). The context is not talking about citizens of a specific country as a collective national identity.
- Sense 3: "members of a family line" - Clearly doesn't fit. Not talking about family.
- Sense 4: "the common people generally" - This has a specific socio-political connotation (masses, hoi polloi, power to the people). While 13,000 could be called a multitude, the context isn't emphasizing the common folk vs. elite distinction. It's just counting attendees at a convention.

The best fit is Sense 1. The context is simply referring to a large number of human beings collectively at a gathering, exactly parallel to the example "there were at least 200 people in the audience."

Wait, let me double-check if Sense 4 could apply. The phrase "13,000 people" is a straightforward count of individuals. Sense 4 typically implies "the masses" as a social class or the general populace as opposed to elites/leadership. The context mentions "guitar-playing activists" and "delegates" and "high-level officials" - but the 13,000 people are specifically described as moving in and out of the convention center, suggesting they are participants/attendees of the gathering. It's a neutral count of individuals.

Sense 1 example: "there were at least 200 people in the audience" - this is almost exactly analogous to "13,000 people move in and out of the convention center."

Therefore, the answer is sense index 1.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: day
Target surface form: day
Context:
Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each <t>day</t>, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge. The intensity is only building: nearly all of the key ministers are now here, and as early as Wednesday 60 heads of government will be in Copenhagen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=day%1:28:00:: | definition=time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis | synonyms=twenty-four hours, twenty-four hour period, 24-hour interval, solar day, mean solar day | examples=two days later they left; they put on two performances every day
2. sense_key=day%1:28:03:: | definition=some point or period in time | examples=it should arrive any day now; after that day she never trusted him again
3. sense_key=day%1:28:01:: | definition=a day assigned to a particular purpose or observance | examples=Mother's Day
4. sense_key=day%1:28:02:: | definition=the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside | synonyms=daytime, daylight | examples=the dawn turned night into day; it is easier to make the repairs in the daytime
5. sense_key=day%1:28:04:: | definition=the recurring hours when you are not sleeping (especially those when you are working) | examples=my day began early this morning; it was a busy day on the stock exchange
6. sense_key=day%1:28:05:: | definition=an era of existence or influence | examples=in the day of the dinosaurs; in the days of the Roman Empire
7. sense_key=day%1:28:07:: | definition=the period of time taken by a particular planet (e.g. Mars) to make a complete rotation on its axis | examples=how long is a day on Jupiter?
8. sense_key=day%1:28:06:: | definition=the time for one complete rotation of the earth relative to a particular star, about 4 minutes shorter than a mean solar day | synonyms=sidereal day
9. sense_key=day%1:26:00:: | definition=a period of opportunity | examples=he deserves his day in court; every dog has his day
10. sense_key=day%1:18:00:: | definition=United States writer best known for his autobiographical works (1874-1935) | synonyms=Clarence Day, Clarence Shepard Day Jr.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "day" in the given context. I need to choose from the 10 candidate senses provided.

Let me analyze the context:
"The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each <t>day</t>, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge."

The phrase is "each day" - referring to a recurring period of time, specifically a 24-hour period. The context describes daily activities happening at the convention: 13,000 people moving in and out each day, nightly shows (which implies every night/day), etc.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=day%1:28:00:: | definition=time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis | synonyms=twenty-four hours, twenty-four hour period, 24-hour interval, solar day, mean solar day | examples=two days later they left; they put on two performances every day

This seems to fit. The example "they put on two performances every day" is very similar to the context where activities happen "each day".

2. sense_key=day%1:28:03:: | definition=some point or period in time | examples=it should arrive any day now; after that day she never trusted him again

This refers to an indefinite point in time, not a recurring 24-hour period.

3. sense_key=day%1:28:01:: | definition=a day assigned to a particular purpose or observance | examples=Mother's Day

This is about specific named days, not "each day".

4. sense_key=day%1:28:02:: | definition=the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside | synonyms=daytime, daylight

This refers to daytime vs nighttime, but the context mentions "nightly shows" which suggests "day" here is contrasted with night as a full 24-hour cycle, not just the daylight hours.

5. sense_key=day%1:28:04:: | definition=the recurring hours when you are not sleeping (especially those when you are working) | examples=my day began early this morning; it was a busy day on the stock exchange

This refers to the working hours or waking hours. But "each day" in the context of 13,000 people moving in and out suggests a full 24-hour period or calendar day, not just working hours.

6. sense_key=day%1:28:05:: | definition=an era of existence or influence | examples=in the day of the dinosaurs; in the days of the Roman Empire

This is about historical eras, not daily recurrence.

7. sense_key=day%1:28:07:: | definition=the period of time taken by a particular planet (e.g. Mars) to make a complete rotation on its axis

This is about other planets, not Earth days in this context.

8. sense_key=day%1:28:06:: | definition=the time for one complete rotation of the earth relative to a particular star, about 4 minutes shorter than a mean solar day | synonyms=sidereal day

This is a technical astronomical term.

9. sense_key=day%1:26:00:: | definition=a period of opportunity | examples=he deserves his day in court; every dog has his day

Figurative sense, not applicable here.

10. sense_key=day%1:18:00:: | definition=United States writer...

Proper noun, not applicable.

Sense 1 is the best fit. The phrase "each day" refers to a recurring 24-hour period. The example given for sense 1 includes "they put on two performances every day" which is structurally and semantically similar to "13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day".

Sense 1 is the basic sense of day as a unit of time (24 hours).

Sense 4 could be tempting because it mentions "recurring hours", but it's specifically about waking/working hours. However, the context mentions people moving in and out of a convention center and nightly shows, which suggests the full 24-hour cycle is being referenced (day and night), and "each day" typically refers to the full calendar day/24-hour period in this usage.

Also, the contrast with "nightly" suggests that "day" here encompasses the full cycle or the general concept of a day as a time unit.

Therefore, sense index 1 is the correct choice.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shows
Context:
Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly <t>shows</t> mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge. The intensity is only building: nearly all of the key ministers are now here, and as early as Wednesday 60 heads of government will be in Copenhagen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining | examples=a remarkable show of skill
2. sense_key=show%1:10:03:: | definition=something intended to communicate a particular impression | synonyms=display | examples=made a display of strength; a show of impatience
3. sense_key=show%1:10:00:: | definition=a social event involving a public performance or entertainment | examples=they wanted to see some of the shows on Broadway
4. sense_key=show%1:04:01:: | definition=pretending that something is the case in order to make a good impression | synonyms=appearance | examples=they try to keep up appearances; that ceremony is just for show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "shows" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "guitar-playing activists put on nightly <t>shows</t> mocking the countries they think are selling out"
 - This is describing events happening at a climate change conference in Copenhagen
 - There are 13,000 people moving in and out
 - Guitar-playing activists are putting on nightly shows
 - These shows are mocking countries they think are selling out

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=show%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining | examples=a remarkable show of skill
    - This seems like a general act of showing/exhibiting, but the context suggests a performance/event.

 2. sense_key=show%1:10:03:: | definition=something intended to communicate a particular impression | synonyms=display | examples=made a display of strength; a show of impatience
    - This is more about making a display/impression, like "a show of force". The context here is about actual performances by activists, not just making an impression.

 3. sense_key=show%1:10:00:: | definition=a social event involving a public performance or entertainment | examples=they wanted to see some of the shows on Broadway
    - This fits well. The activists are putting on nightly performances/entertainment events. "Shows on Broadway" is a good parallel - these are theatrical performances or concerts.

 4. sense_key=show%1:04:01:: | definition=pretending that something is the case in order to make a good impression | synonyms=appearance | examples=they try to keep up appearances; that ceremony is just for show
    - This is about pretense/fake appearances ("just for show"). The context describes actual performances by activists, not fake appearances.

 The context describes "guitar-playing activists" putting on "nightly shows" - this clearly refers to performances or entertainment events. The phrase "put on nightly shows" strongly suggests scheduled performances/entertainment events.

 Sense 3 (show%1:10:00::) is defined as "a social event involving a public performance or entertainment" with the example "they wanted to see some of the shows on Broadway". This matches perfectly with activists putting on musical performances mocking countries.

 Sense 1 could be tempting as it mentions "entertaining", but it's defined as "the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining" which is more general. The specific context of guitar-playing activists suggests a performance event, not just the general act of exhibiting.

 Sense 3 is the best fit because:
 1. It involves a public performance (guitar-playing activists)
 2. It's an event (nightly shows)
 3. It's entertainment (mocking countries through performance)
 4. The Broadway example parallels theatrical/performance events

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the <t>countries</t> they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge. The intensity is only building: nearly all of the key ministers are now here, and as early as Wednesday 60 heads of government will be in Copenhagen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "countries" (target lemma: country) in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about climate change negotiations in Copenhagen
 - It mentions "countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change"
 - It mentions "small island nations" and "emerging economies such as China and India"
 - It mentions "guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out"

 The word "countries" here refers to political entities, nations, states - specifically the governments or the political bodies representing nations in international negotiations.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
    - This refers to the political entity/government itself. The context mentions countries pushing for treaties, participating in talks, and being mocked for selling out - this fits the political body/government sense.

 2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
    - This refers to the physical territory/land. The context isn't talking about the physical land being vulnerable (though climate change affects land), but rather the political entities negotiating. When they say "countries indicated they would continue to push for a treaty" or "countries they think are selling out", they mean the governments/political entities, not the territory.

 3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
    - This refers to the populace/people. While the people are affected by climate change, the context emphasizes the political actions: "push for a legally binding treaty", "participants", "members", "negotiations", "selling out" (political betrayal). This is more about the political entities than the general populace.

 4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
    - This is clearly wrong - doesn't fit the context of international diplomacy.

 5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country
    - This refers to regions like "wine country" or "ski country". Not relevant here.

 Between sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1 (country%1:14:00::): politically organized body of people under a single government - this is the "state" as a political actor
 - Sense 2 (country%1:15:00::): the territory occupied by a nation - this is the land/territory

 In the context:
 - "countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change" - could be ambiguous between the political entity and the territory, but given the rest of the text focuses on diplomatic negotiations, it's the political entities.
 - "participants" (countries participating in talks)
 - "small island nations" (parallel to countries)
 - "countries they think are selling out" - "selling out" is something political entities/governments do in negotiations, not territories

 Also, the examples for sense 1 include "African nations" and "the state has elected a new president" - these fit with the diplomatic context. The examples for sense 2 include "he visited several European countries" which is more about visiting places/territories.

 The key distinction is that sense 1 is about the political organization (the state/government), while sense 2 is about the geographic territory.

 In international relations contexts like this (Copenhagen climate talks, treaties, negotiations), "countries" almost always refers to the political entities (sense 1).

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys and indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=country%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=country%1:15:00::
 3. sense_key=country%1:14:01::
 4. sense_key=country%1:15:01::
 5. sense_key=country%1:15:02::

 So sense_index should be 1.

 Let me verify the glosses once more:
 - 1:14:00 - politically organized body of people under a single government (the political entity)
 - 1:15:00 - the territory occupied by a nation (the land)
 - 1:14:01 - the people who live in a nation or country (the populace)

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.

 The phrase "countries they think are selling out" strongly implies the governments/political leadership making decisions in the negotiations, not the territories themselves or the general population.

 Final check: The user wants a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: draft
Target surface form: draft
Context:
Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and <t>draft</t> proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge. The intensity is only building: nearly all of the key ministers are now here, and as early as Wednesday 60 heads of government will be in Copenhagen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=draft%1:21:00:: | definition=a document ordering the payment of money; drawn by one person or bank on another | synonyms=bill of exchange, order of payment
2. sense_key=draft%1:19:00:: | definition=a current of air (usually coming into a chimney or room or vehicle) | synonyms=draught
3. sense_key=draft%1:06:01:: | definition=a preliminary sketch of a design or picture | synonyms=rough drawing
4. sense_key=draft%1:13:00:: | definition=a serving of drink (usually alcoholic) drawn from a keg | synonyms=draught, potation, tipple | examples=they served beer on draft
5. sense_key=draft%1:10:00:: | definition=any of the various versions in the development of a written work | synonyms=draft copy | examples=a preliminary draft; the final draft of the constitution
6. sense_key=draft%1:07:00:: | definition=the depth of a vessel's keel below the surface (especially when loaded) | synonyms=draught
7. sense_key=draft%1:06:02:: | definition=a regulator for controlling the flow of air in a fireplace
8. sense_key=draft%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of liquid medicine | synonyms=draught | examples=he took a sleeping draft
9. sense_key=draft%1:04:03:: | definition=compulsory military service | synonyms=conscription, muster, selective service
10. sense_key=draft%1:04:02:: | definition=a large and hurried swallow | synonyms=gulp, draught, swig | examples=he finished it at a single gulp
11. sense_key=draft%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving a load by drawing or pulling | synonyms=draught, drawing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "draft" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about climate change negotiations in Copenhagen
 - "The Alliance of Small Island States... produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal"
 - Later: "draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail"

 So the word "draft" here refers to preliminary versions of written documents (treaty proposals).

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. draft%1:21:00:: - a document ordering payment of money (bill of exchange) - Not this one.
 2. draft%1:19:00:: - a current of air - Not this one.
 3. draft%1:06:01:: - a preliminary sketch of a design or picture - This is close but "sketch" and "design or picture" suggests visual arts, not written documents.
 4. draft%1:13:00:: - a serving of drink - Not this one.
 5. draft%1:10:00:: - any of the various versions in the development of a written work; examples: "a preliminary draft; the final draft of the constitution" - This matches perfectly! The context mentions "draft treaty proposal" and "draft proposals" referring to written documents being developed.
 6. draft%1:07:00:: - depth of vessel's keel - Not this one.
 7. draft%1:06:02:: - regulator for air in fireplace - Not this one.
 8. draft%1:06:00:: - dose of liquid medicine - Not this one.
 9. draft%1:04:03:: - compulsory military service - Not this one.
 10. draft%1:04:02:: - a large swallow - Not this one.
 11. draft%1:04:00:: - act of moving a load by drawing - Not this one.

 Sense 5 is clearly the best fit:
 - Definition: "any of the various versions in the development of a written work"
 - Synonyms: draft copy
 - Examples: "a preliminary draft; the final draft of the constitution"
 - Context: "draft treaty proposal" and "draft proposals" in the context of negotiations and written documents.

 The other sense that might be tempting is sense 3 (preliminary sketch), but that's specifically for designs or pictures, not written treaties.

 So the answer should be sense_index 5.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proposal
Target surface form: proposals
Context:
Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft <t>proposals</t> are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge. The intensity is only building: nearly all of the key ministers are now here, and as early as Wednesday 60 heads of government will be in Copenhagen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proposal%1:10:00:: | definition=something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)
2. sense_key=proposal%1:10:02:: | definition=an offer of marriage | synonyms=marriage proposal, proposal of marriage, marriage offer
3. sense_key=proposal%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of making a proposal | synonyms=proposition | examples=they listened to her proposal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "proposals" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about climate change negotiations in Copenhagen
 - It mentions "draft treaty proposal" earlier in the text
 - The target word appears in: "draft <t>proposals</t> are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail"
 - The context is about diplomatic/political documents being exchanged at a convention

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=proposal%1:10:00:: | definition=something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)
 2. sense_key=proposal%1:10:02:: | definition=an offer of marriage | synonyms=marriage proposal, proposal of marriage, marriage offer
 3. sense_key=proposal%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of making a proposal | synonyms=proposition | examples=they listened to her proposal

 Analysis:
 - Sense 2 (marriage proposal) is clearly wrong - this is about climate treaty negotiations, not marriage.
 - Sense 3 is about "the act of making a proposal" - this refers to the action/process of proposing something.
 - Sense 1 is about "something proposed" - the actual document or plan itself.

 In the context: "draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper" - here "proposals" refers to physical documents containing proposed plans or treaty terms. These are concrete things being passed around, not the act of proposing. The word "draft" modifies it, suggesting these are written documents (plans/assumptions being proposed).

 Earlier in the text: "produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal" - this clearly uses "proposal" in the sense of a document/plan (sense 1).

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice: "something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)".

 The JSON output should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: paper
Target surface form: paper
Context:
Some of the countries most vulnerable to the impact of climate change indicated they would continue to push for a legally binding treaty in Copenhagen, although most of the major participants say the talks will produce a political deal at best. The Alliance of Small Island States, which has 43 members, produced a 24-page draft treaty proposal early Friday morning. Artur Runge-Metzger, who heads international climate negotiations on behalf of the European Commission, said the push by small island nations has "put political pressure on the entire political process," in part because they are now unified and demanding action from emerging economies such as China and India. The talks took on new urgency as delegates focused on the fact that they must resolve most of the outstanding issues before the heads of government arrive to strike a deal. High-level officials such as Indian environment minister Jairam Ramesh and the Chinese vice minister stepped off planes and raced through the Bella Center's halls to closed-door meetings and news conferences so they could stake out claims that will be arbitrated over the next week. The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on <t>paper</t> rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge. The intensity is only building: nearly all of the key ministers are now here, and as early as Wednesday 60 heads of government will be in Copenhagen.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=paper%1:27:00:: | definition=a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses
2. sense_key=paper%1:10:01:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, report, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
3. sense_key=paper%1:10:03:: | definition=a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements | synonyms=newspaper | examples=he read his newspaper at breakfast
4. sense_key=paper%1:10:00:: | definition=a medium for written communication | examples=the notion of an office running without paper is absurd
5. sense_key=paper%1:10:02:: | definition=a scholarly article describing the results of observations or stating hypotheses | examples=he has written many scientific papers
6. sense_key=paper%1:14:00:: | definition=a business firm that publishes newspapers | synonyms=newspaper, newspaper publisher | examples=Murdoch owns many newspapers
7. sense_key=paper%1:06:00:: | definition=the physical object that is the product of a newspaper publisher | synonyms=newspaper | examples=when it began to rain he covered his head with a newspaper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "paper" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "The sheer sprawl of the gathering -- where 13,000 people move in and out of the convention center each day, guitar-playing activists put on nightly shows mocking the countries they think are selling out, and draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on <t>paper</t> rather than via e-mail -- poses a challenge."

 The key phrase is: "draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail"

 This indicates a contrast between physical paper and electronic means (e-mail). The "paper" here refers to the physical material used for writing/printing, not a specific document like an essay, newspaper, or scholarly article.

 Let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=paper%1:27:00:: | definition=a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses
    - This is the material itself. The context mentions "passed hand-to-hand on paper" - this could fit as the physical material.

 2. sense_key=paper%1:10:01:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment)
    - This is a specific type of document (student essay). Not fitting here.

 3. sense_key=paper%1:10:03:: | definition=a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements (newspaper)
    - This is a newspaper. The context is about draft proposals at a climate conference, not newspapers.

 4. sense_key=paper%1:10:00:: | definition=a medium for written communication | examples=the notion of an office running without paper is absurd
    - This refers to paper as a medium/system for written communication. The example mentions "office running without paper" which is similar to the contrast with e-mail here.

 5. sense_key=paper%1:10:02:: | definition=a scholarly article describing the results of observations or stating hypotheses
    - This is a specific academic paper. While "draft proposals" could be scholarly, the contrast with "e-mail" suggests the physical medium, not the content type.

 6. sense_key=paper%1:14:00:: | definition=a business firm that publishes newspapers
    - This is the organization, not relevant.

 7. sense_key=paper%1:06:00:: | definition=the physical object that is the product of a newspaper publisher (newspaper)
    - This is specifically a newspaper as a physical object. Not relevant to draft proposals at a conference.

 Now, deciding between sense 1 and sense 4:

 Sense 1 (paper%1:27:00::): "a material made of cellulose pulp..." - This is the substance itself.
 Sense 4 (paper%1:10:00::): "a medium for written communication" - This is the functional use of paper.

 The example for sense 4 is: "the notion of an office running without paper is absurd" - This shows "paper" used to mean the medium/system of physical documentation vs. digital.

 In the context: "draft proposals are passed hand-to-hand on paper rather than via e-mail"

 This is contrasting the physical medium (paper) with electronic medium (e-mail). This aligns perfectly with sense 4 - "a medium for written communication."

 However, sense 1 could also work as it refers to the physical material. But sense 4 is more specific to the communicative function.

 Let me check WordNet structure:
 - Sense 1 is under noun.artifact (1:27) - substances/materials
 - Sense 4 is under noun.communication (1:10) - communication mediums

 The phrase "on paper" is an idiom meaning "in written/printed form" as opposed to oral or electronic. This aligns with sense 4 (medium for written communication).

 Also, looking at the example for sense 4: "the notion of an office running without paper is absurd" - this is exactly the same contrast (paper vs. electronic/digital).

 Therefore, sense 4 (index 4) is the best choice.

 Wait, let me check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=paper%1:27:00::
 2. sense_key=paper%1:10:01::
 3. sense_key=paper%1:10:03::
 4. sense_key=paper%1:10:00::
 5. sense_key=paper%1:10:02::
 6. sense_key=paper%1:14:00::
 7. sense_key=paper%1:06:00::

 So index 4 corresponds to sense_key=paper%1:10:00:: "a medium for written communication".

 Actually, looking carefully at the WordNet sense keys:
 - paper%1:10:00:: is "a medium for written communication"
 - paper%1:10:01:: is "an essay..."
 - paper%1:10:02:: is "a scholarly article..."
 - paper%1:10:03:: is "a daily or weekly publication..."

 The numbering in the candidate list is:
 1. paper%1:27:00:: (material/substance)
 2. paper%1:10:01:: (essay)
 3. paper%1:10:03:: (newspaper)
 4. paper%1:10:00:: (medium for written communication)
 5. paper%1:10:02:: (scholarly article)
 6. paper%1:14:00:: (business firm)
 7. paper%1:06:00:: (physical newspaper object)

 Yes, so index 4 is the correct choice.

 The context emphasizes the contrast between physical paper documents and electronic e-mail, which fits the definition of paper as "a medium for written communication."

 Final check: Could it be sense 1 (the material)?
 "passed hand-to-hand on paper" - this could mean the proposals are written on the material. But the contrast with "via e-mail" strongly suggests the communication medium interpretation is primary. When we say "sent on paper vs. via e-mail," we're comparing communication methods/media, not just substances.

 Therefore, sense_index: 4.