[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: official
Target surface form: officials
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration <t>officials</t> did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary
2. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "officials" in the given context.

 Target lemma: official
 Target surface form: officials (plural)
 Context: The sentence is discussing U.S. climate envoy Todd Stern and comparing the Obama administration's stance with that of Bush administration officials from two years ago.

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office | synonyms=functionary
 2. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules of a game or sport | examples=the golfer asked for an official who could give him a ruling

 Wait, there are only 2 senses listed here? Let me check... The user provided only these two candidate senses.

 Sense 1: A worker who holds or is invested with an office (i.e., government officials, company officials, etc.)
 Sense 2: Someone who administers the rules of a game or sport (i.e., referees, umpires)

 In the context: "The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration <t>officials</t> did just two years ago."

 This is clearly referring to government officials - people who hold office in the Bush administration. This matches sense 1 ("a worker who holds or is invested with an office").

 Sense 2 is about sports officials, which doesn't fit the context of "Bush administration officials" (political/governmental context).

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (index 1).

 The user asks to return a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3} but with the correct index. Since sense 1 is the correct one, I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys to make sure I understand the indexing correctly:
 - Candidate 1: official%1:18:01:: (index 1)
 - Candidate 2: official%1:18:00:: (index 2)

 Actually, looking at WordNet sense keys:
 - official%1:18:00:: is typically the first sense (sports official)
 - official%1:18:01:: is typically the second sense (government official/holder of office)

 But in the candidate list provided:
 1. sense_key=official%1:18:01:: | definition=a worker who holds or is invested with an office...
 2. sense_key=official%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who administers the rules...

 So:
 - Index 1 corresponds to official%1:18:01:: (government/administrative official)
 - Index 2 corresponds to official%1:18:00:: (sports official)

 The context is about "Bush administration officials" - definitely government officials, not sports officials.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

 The user said "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." - this is just an example format. I need to put the correct index number.

 Final check:
 - "Bush administration officials" = people holding office in the Bush administration
 - This matches sense 1: "a worker who holds or is invested with an office"
 - Sense 2 is about sports, which is irrelevant here.

 Answer: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
It shows the outlines for a possible deal, in which industrial nations would collectively cut their emissions by 2020 by 25 to 45 percent compared with 1990 levels, while major developing countries would reduce theirs during the same period by 15 to 30 percent. Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two <t>years</t> ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "years" in the given context.

 Target lemma: year
 Target surface form: years
 Context: The sentence is "The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two <t>years</t> ago."

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
 2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
 3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
 4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

 Analysis:
 - The context is "just two years ago" - referring to a time period in the past.
 - "Two years ago" means approximately 730 days ago (2 x 365).
 - This refers to a general period of time containing 365 days, not a specific activity period (like school year), not an astronomical revolution (though related, the context is about human/administrative time), and not a graduating class.

 Sense 1 (year%1:28:01::) is the most common sense referring to a period of 365/366 days. The example "she is 4 years old" shows this usage - measuring time elapsed.

 Sense 2 refers to specific activity years like "school year" or "fiscal year" - not applicable here.

 Sense 3 refers to astronomical years - while technically related, in the context of "two years ago" in a political/news context, this is referring to calendar years/periods of 365 days, not the astronomical concept specifically.

 Sense 4 is about graduating classes - clearly not applicable.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1: "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days".

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=year%1:28:01::
 2. sense_key=year%1:28:02::
 3. sense_key=year%1:28:00::
 4. sense_key=year%1:14:00::

 So the indices are 1, 2, 3, 4.

 The context "just two years ago" clearly refers to the standard calendar year consisting of 365 days. This matches sense 1.

 Actually, looking carefully at WordNet:
 - year%1:28:00:: is usually the astronomical sense (orbital period)
 - year%1:28:01:: is the calendar year (365 days)
 - year%1:28:02:: is the specific activity period

 But in the user's list:
 - Sense 3 is defined as "the period of time that it takes for a planet... to make a complete revolution around the sun" - this is the astronomical sense.
 - Sense 1 is defined as "a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days" - this is the calendar/standard year.
 - Sense 2 is "a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity"

 So yes, sense 1 is the correct choice for "two years ago" meaning two periods of 365 days.

 The phrase "two years ago" is referring to two calendar years (365-day periods) in the past.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: ModelRun

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The <t>United States</t> is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target lemma "united_states" with the surface form "United States" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about climate change talks and negotiations.
 - It mentions "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern" representing the United States.
 - It mentions "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action"
 - It mentions the Obama administration taking a harder line with China.
 - It mentions the United States not helping China financially.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states... | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
    - This refers to the country as a geographical/political entity (the nation itself).

 2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.
    - This refers specifically to the government apparatus.

 In the context:
 - "The United States is not going to do a deal..." - Here, "United States" refers to the country as a whole in international negotiations, not specifically just the government branches.
 - However, looking closely at the usage: "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action" - this is spoken by Todd Stern, the U.S. special climate envoy.
 - The text mentions "the Obama administration" which is the government.
 - But "United States" in international relations contexts often refers to the country as a nation state (sense 1).

 Let me reconsider:
 - Sense 1 (1:15:00) is a noun denoting a location/place/country (the republic/nation).
 - Sense 2 (1:14:00) is a noun denoting a group/government (the federal government branches).

 In the sentence "The United States is not going to do a deal...", this is referring to the country as a participant in international negotiations. While the government conducts the negotiations, the reference is to the nation-state entity.

 However, looking at WordNet's specific senses:
 - Sense 1:15:00 is "North American republic containing 50 states..." - this is the country itself.
 - Sense 1:14:00 is "the executive and legislative and judicial branches..." - this is the government.

 In diplomatic contexts like this, when we say "The United States rejected..." or "The United States is not going to do a deal...", it could be ambiguous between the country and the government. However, looking at the examples and typical usage:

 - "The United States signed the treaty" - usually refers to the country (sense 1) acting as an agent.
 - But WordNet's sense 2 specifically mentions "United States government" as a synonym.

 Let me look at the specific context again:
 "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action"

 This is spoken by a government official (Todd Stern) representing the country. The reference is to the United States as a nation-state actor in international relations.

 However, I need to check if WordNet distinguishes these clearly. In WordNet:
 - 1:15:00 is the country (location/territory/nation)
 - 1:14:00 is the government organization

 In the text, when it says "The United States is not going to do a deal", it's the country as a whole that's being referred to, not just the three branches of government as an administrative structure. The country is the entity that enters into international agreements.

 But wait, looking at the gloss for sense 2: "the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States" - this is quite specific to the governmental structure.

 In the context, "The United States" is being contrasted with "major developing countries" (like China). This suggests it's the country/nation sense (sense 1), not specifically the government apparatus.

 Also, earlier in the text: "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language..." - here the person represents the U.S.
 Then: "The move signaled that the Obama administration..." - here it specifies the administration (government).
 Then: "The United States is not going to do a deal..." - this continues the pattern of referring to the country as an actor.

 In WordNet, the country sense (1:15:00) is the more common and general sense. The government sense (1:14:00) is more specific.

 Let me check if there are any clues that point specifically to the government sense. The text mentions "Obama administration" separately, which suggests when they mean the government specifically, they use "administration". "United States" in this context refers to the nation.

 Also, the quote is about the United States doing a deal with other countries - this is the nation-state level.

 Therefore, sense 1 (united_states%1:15:00::) is the correct choice.

 Wait, I should double-check. In some WSD datasets, when a country is acting as an agent in diplomacy, it might be mapped to the government sense. But looking at the definitions:

 Sense 1: "North American republic..." - this is the country.
 Sense 2: "the executive and legislative and judicial branches..." - this is the government.

 In the sentence "The United States is not going to do a deal", the subject is the country. The country is the entity that "does deals" in international relations. The government is the mechanism, but the agent is the country.

 For example, in WordNet, "America" and "US" are synonyms of sense 1, not sense 2. In the text, the envoy speaks for "the United States" - he is representing the nation.

 I think sense 1 is correct.

 But let me reconsider the index numbers. The user asks for a JSON like {"sense_index": 3}, but there are only 2 senses listed (1 and 2). So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Actually, looking at the instructions: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." This is an example format. I should return the index of the sense I choose (1 or 2).

 So my answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me verify once more. Is there any reason to choose sense 2?
 - If the text said "The United States passed a law" - that would be the government (Congress).
 - If the text said "The United States invaded Iraq" - that could be ambiguous, but usually the country.
 - Here: "The United States is not going to do a deal" - international treaties are made by nations (countries), specifically by their governments acting on their behalf, but the entity is the country.

 In WordNet, sense 1 is definitely the hypernym of sense 2 or related... actually no, they are separate synsets.

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - united_states%1:15:00:: is under noun.location (15)
 - united_states%1:14:00:: is under noun.group (14)

 The context is about international relations between countries (United States and China). This is clearly the country sense.

 Final decision: sense_index 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a <t>deal</t> without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "deal" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about climate talks and negotiations between countries (US, China, European Union, etc.)
- The specific sentence is: "The United States is not going to do a <t>deal</t> without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action," said Stern.
- This is about international negotiations/agreements regarding climate change and emission cuts.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. deal%1:04:02:: - a particular instance of buying or selling (trade, business deal)
   - Examples: "it was a package deal", "I had no further trade with him"
   - This is commercial/business focused. The context here is diplomatic/political agreement, not necessarily a commercial transaction.

2. deal%1:10:00:: - an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each (bargain)
   - Examples: "he made a bargain with the devil", "he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals"
   - This fits well. The context is about an agreement between countries (US and developing countries) regarding climate action obligations.

3. deal%1:23:00:: - (often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent
   - This is quantifier usage like "a great deal of". Not applicable here.

4. deal%1:27:00:: - a plank of softwood
   - Material/wood sense. Not applicable.

5. deal%1:27:01:: - wood that is easy to saw
   - Material/wood sense. Not applicable.

6. deal%1:14:00:: - the cards held in a card game
   - Card game sense. Not applicable.

7. deal%1:11:00:: - the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement)
   - Examples: "he got a good deal on his car"
   - This is about the treatment/outcome one receives, not the agreement itself. The context says "do a deal" which implies making an agreement, not receiving treatment.

8. deal%1:04:00:: - the act of distributing playing cards
   - Card game action. Not applicable.

9. deal%1:04:01:: - the act of apportioning or distributing something
   - Distribution sense. Not applicable.

The best fit is sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" with synonym "bargain".

The context shows:
- Negotiations between countries (US, China, developing countries)
- Discussion about binding cuts and obligations
- The phrase "do a deal" means to make an agreement
- Todd Stern is saying the US won't make an agreement without certain conditions

This aligns perfectly with sense 2 (deal%1:10:00::).

Sense 1 is also about business deals, but sense 2 is more general about agreements between parties fixing obligations, which fits diplomatic agreements better than commercial transactions (sense 1).

Sense 7 might be tempting ("got a good deal") but that's about the treatment/outcome, whereas here we're talking about entering into an agreement ("do a deal").

Therefore, the answer is sense index 2.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the <t>text</t> did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "text" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about climate change talks, negotiations between countries (US, China, EU).
- Todd Stern (U.S. special climate envoy) complained that "the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers."
- Here, "the text" refers to a written document, likely the draft agreement or written proposal being discussed in the negotiations.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
- This is the general sense of written words or a written document. In diplomatic/negotiation contexts, "the text" often refers to the draft document or written agreement under discussion.

2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
- This is specifically biblical/religious. The context is climate negotiations, not sermons. So this is wrong.

3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
- This is specifically a textbook. The context is a diplomatic document, not a schoolbook. So this is wrong.

4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand
- This refers to the main body of a written work as opposed to illustrations/footnotes. While related, the context here is about "the text" as a document itself (the draft agreement), not specifically distinguishing the body from illustrations. The phrase "the text did not do enough" refers to the content of the written document/agreement.

Between sense 1 and sense 4:
Sense 1: "the words of something written" - very general, refers to written content.
Sense 4: "the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)" - specific contrast with non-textual elements.

In diplomatic contexts, when negotiators refer to "the text," they mean the written document or draft agreement. This aligns best with sense 1, which is the general sense of written words/textual matter. The complaint is about what the text (the written document) says or doesn't say regarding verification.

Sense 4 seems less appropriate because there's no contrast being made between text and illustrations/footnotes. The reference is simply to the written document under negotiation.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense numbering. The user lists:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00::
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03::
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02::
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01::

So the indices correspond to:
1: text%1:10:00::
2: text%1:10:03::
3: text%1:10:02::
4: text%1:10:01::

I need to return {"sense_index": 1} since sense 1 is the best fit.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 4. Could "the text" refer to the main body of the agreement? In publishing, "text" can mean the main body. But in the context of international negotiations, "the text" almost always means the draft text, the written document itself. This is sense 1.

Also, looking at the examples for sense 1: "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech" - this is very similar to how "text" is used in the context, referring to a formal written document (the draft agreement).

So yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cut
Target surface form: cuts
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the <t>cuts</t> could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cut%1:21:00:: | definition=a share of the profits | examples=everyone got a cut of the earnings
2. sense_key=cut%1:10:00:: | definition=(film) an immediate transition from one shot to the next | examples=the cut from the accident scene to the hospital seemed too abrupt
3. sense_key=cut%1:06:00:: | definition=a trench resembling a furrow that was made by erosion or excavation | synonyms=gash
4. sense_key=cut%1:26:01:: | definition=a step on some scale | examples=he is a cut above the rest
5. sense_key=cut%1:26:00:: | definition=a wound made by cutting | synonyms=gash, slash, slice | examples=he put a bandage over the cut
6. sense_key=cut%1:13:00:: | definition=a piece of meat that has been cut from an animal carcass | synonyms=cut of meat
7. sense_key=cut%1:10:02:: | definition=a remark capable of wounding mentally | synonyms=stinger | examples=the unkindest cut of all
8. sense_key=cut%1:10:04:: | definition=a distinct selection of music from a recording or a compact disc | synonyms=track | examples=he played the first cut on the cd; the title track of the album
9. sense_key=cut%1:10:01:: | definition=the omission that is made when an editorial change shortens a written passage | synonyms=deletion, excision | examples=an editor's deletions frequently upset young authors; both parties agreed on the excision of the proposed clause
10. sense_key=cut%1:09:00:: | definition=the style in which a garment is cut | examples=a dress of traditional cut
11. sense_key=cut%1:06:01:: | definition=a canal made by erosion or excavation
12. sense_key=cut%1:04:03:: | definition=a refusal to recognize someone you know | synonyms=snub, cold shoulder | examples=the snub was clearly intentional
13. sense_key=cut%1:04:07:: | definition=in baseball; a batter's attempt to hit a pitched ball | synonyms=baseball swing, swing | examples=he took a vicious cut at the ball
14. sense_key=cut%1:04:08:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts reverse spin on the ball | synonyms=undercut | examples=cuts do not bother a good tennis player
15. sense_key=cut%1:04:09:: | definition=the division of a deck of cards before dealing | synonyms=cutting | examples=he insisted that we give him the last cut before every deal; the cutting of the cards soon became a ritual
16. sense_key=cut%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of penetrating or opening open with a sharp edge | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cut in the lining revealed the hidden jewels
17. sense_key=cut%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of cutting something into parts | synonyms=cutting | examples=his cuts were skillful; his cutting of the cake made a terrible mess
18. sense_key=cut%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of shortening something by chopping off the ends | synonyms=cutting, cutting off | examples=the barber gave him a good cut
19. sense_key=cut%1:04:05:: | definition=the act of reducing the amount or number | examples=the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget
20. sense_key=cut%1:04:06:: | definition=an unexcused absence from class | examples=he was punished for taking too many cuts in his math class

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "cuts" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
The text is about climate change negotiations. The specific sentence is: "Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the <t>cuts</t> could be verified by outside observers."

Looking at the surrounding context:
- "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries..."
- "the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers"

Here, "cuts" refers to reductions in greenhouse-gas emissions. This is about reducing the amount of emissions.

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. cut%1:21:00:: - a share of the profits (financial) - not this
2. cut%1:10:00:: - film transition - not this
3. cut%1:06:00:: - trench resembling a furrow - not this
4. cut%1:26:01:: - a step on some scale - not this
5. cut%1:26:00:: - a wound made by cutting - not this
6. cut%1:13:00:: - piece of meat - not this
7. cut%1:10:02:: - remark capable of wounding - not this
8. cut%1:10:04:: - distinct selection of music - not this
9. cut%1:10:01:: - omission/editorial change - not this
10. cut%1:09:00:: - style in which garment is cut - not this
11. cut%1:06:01:: - canal made by erosion - not this
12. cut%1:04:07:: - refusal to recognize someone - not this
13. cut%1:04:07:: - baseball swing - not this (duplicate index?)
14. cut%1:04:08:: - stroke in sports with reverse spin - not this
15. cut%1:04:09:: - division of deck of cards - not this
16. cut%1:04:02:: - act of penetrating/opening with sharp edge - not this
17. cut%1:04:01:: - act of cutting something into parts - not this
18. cut%1:04:00:: - act of shortening by chopping off ends - not this
19. cut%1:04:05:: - the act of reducing the amount or number - examples: "the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget"
20. cut%1:04:06:: - unexcused absence from class - not this

Sense 19 seems to be the best fit: "the act of reducing the amount or number" with the example "the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget". This matches "cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions" - reductions in the amount of emissions.

Let me double-check the sense key numbering in the list. The user lists them as:
19. sense_key=cut%1:04:05:: | definition=the act of reducing the amount or number | examples=the mayor proposed extensive cuts in the city budget

Yes, this is clearly about reducing amounts/numbers, which fits "cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions" (reductions in emissions).

The other senses don't fit:
- Sense 1 is about profit sharing
- Sense 9 is about editorial deletion/omission of text
- Sense 18 is about physically shortening something by chopping
- Sense 17 is about dividing into parts

Sense 19 specifically mentions "reducing the amount or number" which is exactly what emission cuts are - reducing the amount of greenhouse gases emitted.

So the answer should be sense_index 19.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: observer
Target surface form: observers
Context:
Together, the countries would cut emissions between 50 and 95 percent by 2050. The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside <t>observers</t>. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=observer%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses | synonyms=perceiver, percipient, beholder
2. sense_key=observer%1:18:01:: | definition=an expert who observes and comments on something | synonyms=commentator

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "observers" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about climate change talks/negotiations
 - Todd Stern (U.S. special climate envoy) is complaining that the text didn't do enough to make sure cuts could be "verified by outside observers"
 - This is about verification of emissions cuts
 - The observers here are people or entities who would verify/check the cuts

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=observer%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses | synonyms=perceiver, percipient, beholder
    - This is about someone who perceives or becomes aware through senses
    - Like a witness or someone watching

 2. sense_key=observer%1:18:01:: | definition=an expert who observes and comments on something | synonyms=commentator
    - This is more like a commentator, expert analyst, someone who gives opinions

 In the context of "verified by outside observers" in climate talks, this refers to independent parties who monitor and verify compliance with agreements. These are not necessarily commentators giving opinions, but rather monitors or inspectors who verify facts.

 However, looking at the WordNet senses provided:
 - Sense 1: a person who becomes aware through senses (general observer)
 - Sense 2: an expert who observes and comments (commentator)

 The context suggests neutral third parties who verify emissions cuts. This is closer to sense 1 (someone who perceives/becomes aware), but in the specific context of international agreements, "observers" often refers to monitors or inspectors.

 Wait, I need to be careful. The gloss for sense 1 says "a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses" - this is the general sense of someone who watches or perceives.

 The gloss for sense 2 says "an expert who observes and comments on something" - this is like a pundit, commentator, analyst.

 In the sentence: "verified by outside observers" - these are people who check/verify the cuts. They observe the facts to verify them. This aligns more with sense 1 (perceiver, beholder) - they perceive/monitor the reality of the emissions cuts.

 But actually, in international diplomacy and climate talks, "observers" often refers to neutral parties who monitor compliance. However, given the two specific WordNet senses:

 Sense 1: perceiver, percipient, beholder - someone who perceives
 Sense 2: commentator - someone who comments

 The context is about verification - making sure cuts can be verified. This implies people who watch, monitor, and check. This fits sense 1 better (beholder/perceiver) than sense 2 (commentator). Commentators give opinions; observers in verification contexts monitor facts.

 However, I should consider if there's a more specific sense. But I only have these two to choose from.

 Let me reconsider: "outside observers" in the context of verifying emissions cuts. These would be independent monitors. The key is they verify by observing/perceiving (sense 1), not by commenting (sense 2).

 Actually, looking at typical WordNet distinctions:
 - observer%1:18:00:: is the general sense (witness, perceiver)
 - observer%1:18:01:: is the expert commentator sense

 In diplomatic contexts referring to verification, "observers" are those who observe/monitor, which aligns with sense 1.

 But let me double-check: could it be sense 2? An expert who comments? No, because the context is about verification, not commentary. They need to verify the cuts - this requires perceiving/checking, not commenting.

 Therefore, sense 1 (index 1) is the correct choice.

 Wait, I need to make sure about the indexing. The user says:
 "1. sense_key=observer%1:18:00:: ..."
 "2. sense_key=observer%1:18:01:: ..."

 So sense_index should be 1.

 But let me verify once more. Is there any nuance I'm missing?

 "verified by outside observers" - this is about independent verification. In international relations, "observers" can mean:
 - People who watch negotiations (like UN observers)
 - People who monitor compliance

 But in either case, they are perceiving/witnessing (sense 1), not commenting as experts (sense 2).

 Sense 2 would fit contexts like: "political observers noted that..." or "as one observer commented..."

 Here, it's about verification of facts, which requires perception/witnessing, not commentary.

 So the answer is sense 1.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: comment
Target surface form: comments
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his <t>comments</t> an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=comment%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information | synonyms=remark, input | examples=from time to time she contributed a personal comment on his account
2. sense_key=comment%1:10:01:: | definition=a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material | synonyms=commentary | examples=he wrote an extended comment on the proposal
3. sense_key=comment%1:10:02:: | definition=a report (often malicious) about the behavior of other people | synonyms=gossip, scuttlebutt | examples=the divorce caused much gossip

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "comments" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about climate change talks between the US and China
 - Todd Stern (U.S. special climate envoy) made some "comments"
 - These comments were made an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei criticized Stern
 - Stern's comments were about the US not doing a deal without major developing countries stepping up, and complaining about the text not ensuring verifiable cuts

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=comment%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information | synonyms=remark, input | examples=from time to time she contributed a personal comment on his account

 2. sense_key=comment%1:10:01:: | definition=a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material | synonyms=commentary | examples=he wrote an extended comment on the proposal

 3. sense_key=comment%1:10:02:: | definition=a report (often malicious) about the behavior of other people | synonyms=gossip, scuttlebutt | examples=the divorce caused much gossip

 Analysis:
 - The "comments" here are spoken statements made by Todd Stern during the climate talks, not written material (so sense 2 is out).
 - They are not gossip or malicious reports about others' behavior (so sense 3 is out).
 - They are statements expressing personal opinions or beliefs about the climate negotiations - specifically his remarks about the US position on developing countries and verification of cuts.

 The context shows Stern making verbal statements/remarks during the talks. This fits sense 1: "a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information" with synonyms like "remark" and "input".

 The phrase "Stern made his comments" refers to him making remarks or statements, not written commentary or gossip.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1 (comment%1:10:00::).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=comment%1:10:00::
 2. sense_key=comment%1:10:01::
 3. sense_key=comment%1:10:02::

 So sense_index should be 1.

 Let me double-check:
 - Sense 1: General statement/remark (spoken or written) expressing opinion
 - Sense 2: Specifically written explanation/criticism added to a book/text
 - Sense 3: Gossip/malicious report

 In the text: "Stern made his comments an hour after..." - these are verbal remarks made during negotiations, not written commentary on a text, and not gossip. So definitely sense 1.

 The JSON should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hour
Target surface form: hour
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an <t>hour</t> after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hour%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour
2. sense_key=hour%1:28:01:: | definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late
3. sense_key=hour%1:28:02:: | definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour
4. sense_key=hour%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "hour" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "Stern made his comments an <t>hour</t> after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said..."
 - This indicates a temporal relationship - Stern made comments 60 minutes after He Yafei said something.
 - It's referring to a specific duration or point in time measured in hours.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=hour%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour
    - This refers to a duration of 60 minutes.
    - In the context "an hour after", this fits perfectly - it means 60 minutes after.

 2. sense_key=hour%1:28:01:: | definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late
    - This refers to a specific time on the clock (e.g., "at 3 o'clock", "the hour is late").
    - The context "an hour after" is not referring to a specific clock time like "3 o'clock", but rather a duration.

 3. sense_key=hour%1:28:02:: | definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour
    - This is metaphorical (e.g., "the eleventh hour", "their finest hour").
    - The context is literal temporal sequencing, not metaphorical.

 4. sense_key=hour%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away
    - This refers to distance measured in time (e.g., "an hour away").
    - The context is not about distance, but about the timing of comments made after another event.

 The phrase "an hour after" clearly indicates a time duration of approximately 60 minutes between two events. This matches sense 1: "a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day".

 The example for sense 1 ("the job will take more than an hour") shows duration, which aligns with "an hour after" (duration between events).

 Sense 2 would be used in contexts like "What hour is it?" or "At what hour did it happen?" referring to specific clock positions.

 Sense 4 would be used for spatial distance measured temporally.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1 (index 1).

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user asks for the "single best indexed sense" and the format is {"sense_index": 3}. The candidates are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. So I should return the number corresponding to the correct sense.

 Sense 1 is hour%1:28:00:: (the 60 minutes duration sense).
 Sense 2 is hour%1:28:01:: (clock time).
 Sense 3 is hour%1:28:02:: (special period).
 Sense 4 is hour%1:07:00:: (distance).

 My analysis says sense 1 is correct.

 But let me reconsider sense 2. Could "an hour after" be interpreted as clock time? No, because "an hour after X" means 60 minutes following event X, not a specific hour on the clock like "3 PM".

 Could it be sense 4? No, because it's not measuring distance.

 Could it be sense 3? No, it's not metaphorical.

 So definitely sense 1.

 The JSON should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: america
Target surface form: America
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said <t>America</t>'s top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=america%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States, United States of America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=america%1:17:00:: | definition=North America and South America and Central America

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "America" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about climate change talks between the European Union, United States, and China.
 - The specific sentence containing the target word is: "Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said <t>America</t>'s top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming."

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=america%1:15:00:: - This refers to the United States specifically (North American republic containing 50 states...)
 2. sense_key=america%1:17:00:: - This refers to the continents (North America and South America and Central America)

 In the context:
 - The text mentions "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern"
 - It mentions "the Obama administration"
 - It mentions "the United States would not help China financially"
 - The Chinese vice foreign minister is referring to "America's top climate negotiator" - which is Todd Stern, the U.S. special climate envoy.
 - The context clearly indicates that "America" here refers to the United States, not the continents of North and South America.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user listed:
 1. sense_key=america%1:15:00:: ...
 2. sense_key=america%1:17:00:: ...

 So sense_index should be 1.

 The instructions say:
 1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
 2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
 3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
 4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

 So I should return {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top <t>climate</t> negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "climate" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about climate change, global warming, greenhouse gas emissions, and international negotiations.
- The specific target occurrence is in: "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top <t>climate</t> negotiator was either lacking 'common sense' or being 'extremely irresponsible'..."

The target phrase is "climate negotiator" - this refers to a negotiator who deals with matters related to climate/climate change.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
   - This is the meteorological sense - referring to weather patterns over time.

2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election
   - This is the figurative sense - referring to atmosphere, mood, or prevailing conditions (not weather).

In the phrase "climate negotiator", we are referring to someone who negotiates about climate issues, specifically global warming and environmental climate. This refers to the meteorological/environmental concept of climate (weather patterns over time), not the psychological/mood sense.

The context throughout the passage discusses:
- climate change
- adapting to the impact of climate change
- global warming
- greenhouse-gas emissions

This clearly refers to the meteorological/environmental sense of climate (sense 1), not the psychological mood sense (sense 2).

Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (climate%1:26:00::).

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user asks for "sense_index" in the JSON. The candidates are numbered 1 and 2. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check:
- "climate negotiator" - negotiator regarding environmental climate issues
- The context is about weather/climate change, global warming, etc.
- Sense 1: weather averaged over time (the environmental/meteorological sense)
- Sense 2: prevailing psychological state (mood/atmosphere)

Definitely sense 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the <t>week</t> that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "week" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is: "Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the <t>week</t> that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming."

The phrase is "earlier in the week". This refers to a period of time within the current seven-day period.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Analysis:
- Sense 2 (workweek) is clearly not right because the context is about when something was said during the week, not about working hours or days of work.
- Sense 3 (calendar week) specifically mentions starting on Sunday. While this could be the current calendar week, the phrase "earlier in the week" typically refers to any 7-day period, not necessarily strictly Sunday to Saturday.
- Sense 1 (any period of seven consecutive days) seems most appropriate. The phrase "earlier in the week" refers to some day or days within the past seven days or the current week period.

However, I need to be careful. In common usage, "earlier in the week" usually refers to the current calendar week (Sunday/Monday to now). But looking at the definitions:

Sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days" - this is the general sense.
Sense 3: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday" - this is the specific calendar week definition.

In the context of news reporting and diplomatic talks happening over multiple days, "earlier in the week" most likely refers to the current calendar week. But actually, looking at WordNet's organization:

Sense 1 (week%1:28:00::) is usually the most general sense - any seven consecutive days.
Sense 3 (week%1:28:02::) is the calendar week starting on Sunday.

But wait, looking at the example for sense 1: "it rained for a week" - this refers to any 7-day period.
Looking at sense 3: "calendar week" - this is the specific week on the calendar.

In the phrase "earlier in the week", this is referring to the current week (the calendar week). However, WordNet sense 3 specifically mentions "starting on Sunday".

Actually, looking more carefully at the context: "earlier in the week" is a very common phrase. It refers to days previous to the current day within the current week period.

But I need to determine which WordNet sense this maps to. Let me think about the distinctions:

Sense 1: General - any 7 consecutive days (e.g., "a week from now", "for a week")
Sense 2: Workweek - specifically about working hours
Sense 3: Calendar week - specifically the week starting on Sunday (or sometimes Monday in some contexts, but WordNet says Sunday)

In the phrase "earlier in the week", we are referring to the current calendar week. However, sense 1 is often used for "this week" type references too.

Wait, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
- week%1:28:00:: is the hypernym (general)
- week%1:28:02:: is a hyponym (specific type: calendar week)

But in the context "earlier in the week", this is referring to the current week period. In journalistic contexts, "earlier in the week" typically means earlier in the current calendar week.

However, looking at the examples:
- Sense 1 example: "it rained for a week" - duration
- Sense 3: no example given, but "calendar week"

Actually, looking at typical WSD for "earlier in the week", it usually maps to sense 1 (the general time period) or sense 3 (the calendar week).

But let's look at the specific phrase "earlier in the week". This implies a specific week - the current one. Is it calendar week or just any 7-day period?

In the context of the article, the talks have been going on for "the past week" (mentioned earlier in the text: "dominated the talks for the past week"). So "earlier in the week" refers to earlier in that same week period.

Given that "the past week" refers to the last 7 days (sense 1), and "earlier in the week" refers to earlier within that same timeframe, I think sense 1 is the best fit.

But actually, looking at standard WordNet sense disambiguation:
- "this week", "last week", "next week" usually map to sense 1 when referring to any 7-day period
- But "calendar week" is specifically sense 3

The phrase "earlier in the week" is ambiguous between the calendar week and any 7-day period, but given the context of diplomatic talks happening over specific days, and the previous mention of "the past week" (which is clearly sense 1 - any 7 consecutive days), "earlier in the week" here likely refers to earlier in that same 7-day period.

Actually, looking at the previous sentence: "dominated the talks for the past week" - this is clearly sense 1 (any period of seven consecutive days).

Then "earlier in the week" refers to earlier within that week or the current week of the talks.

Given the options, sense 1 is the most general and most likely correct. Sense 3 is too specific (requires starting on Sunday). Sense 2 is clearly wrong.

Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

Wait, I should double-check. In WordNet, the sense keys are:
- week%1:28:00:: (sense 1)
- week%1:28:01:: (sense 2)
- week%1:28:02:: (sense 3)

The user wants the sense_index (1, 2, or 3).

Given:
1. any period of seven consecutive days
2. hours or days of work in a calendar week
3. a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday

"Earlier in the week" - if this is a news article about ongoing talks, and it mentions "Friday" earlier in the text ("Friday featured..."), then "earlier in the week" would mean earlier in that same calendar week (which would be Sunday/Monday-Thursday).

But does it map to sense 1 or 3?

Sense 3 is specifically "starting on Sunday". While many calendar weeks start on Sunday, the phrase "earlier in the week" doesn't necessarily imply a Sunday start. However, in WordNet, sense 3 is the only one that refers to the calendar week concept.

But looking at actual WordNet usage, sense 1 is the most common for general "week" references. Sense 3 is specifically for when you mean the calendar week starting Sunday.

Given the context is about diplomatic talks and news reporting, and the mention of "Friday", this is likely referring to the calendar week. But WordNet's sense 3 is very specific about starting on Sunday.

Actually, looking at the definition of sense 1 again: "any period of seven consecutive days" - this includes calendar weeks too. It's the hypernym.

Sense 3 is a specific type of week.

In WSD, we usually choose the most specific sense that applies. If "earlier in the week" refers to the current calendar week (Sunday to Friday), then sense 3 might be appropriate.

However, "earlier in the week" is often used more loosely to mean "a few days ago" within the recent 7-day period, not strictly the calendar week.

Given the text mentions "Friday" and "the past week", and "earlier in the week", this is clearly referring to the current week of the narrative. Since the text mentions Friday, and earlier in the week would be before Friday, this is likely the calendar week.

But I need to check if WordNet sense 3 (starting on Sunday) is the right choice. In many European contexts, the week starts on Monday. The text is about the European Union and international talks, so "week" might not strictly mean Sunday-starting.

Given the ambiguity and that sense 1 is the general sense that covers any 7-day period (including calendar weeks), and sense 3 is specifically Sunday-starting, sense 1 is safer and more likely correct.

Also, looking at the example for sense 1: "it rained for a week" - this shows duration.
But "earlier in the week" refers to a point within the week.

Actually, looking at WordNet online or standard mappings:
- "this week" -> sense 1 or 3 depending on context
- "calendar week" -> sense 3
- "work week" -> sense 2

Given the phrase is "earlier in the week", and this is a common phrase referring to the current week period, and considering that sense 3 is overly specific with the Sunday requirement, I believe sense 1 is the intended answer.

Let me reconsider the "past week" mention. "The past week" = the last 7 days. This is sense 1.
"Earlier in the week" = earlier in that same time period. This should also be sense 1.

If it were "earlier in the calendar week", that would be sense 3, but it's just "earlier in the week".

Therefore, sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the <t>United States</t> would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target lemma "united_states" with the surface form "United States" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:

 The text is about climate change negotiations. The specific sentence containing the target is:
 "Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the <t>United States</t> would not help China financially to cope with global warming."

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00::
    - definition: North American republic containing 50 states... achieved independence in 1776
    - synonyms: United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
    - This refers to the country as a geographical/political entity (the nation itself)

 2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00::
    - definition: the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States
    - synonyms: United States government, U.S. government, U.S.
    - This refers specifically to the government apparatus

 Now, looking at the context: "the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming"

 Who is being talked about here? The Chinese vice foreign minister is criticizing the US climate negotiator (Todd Stern) for saying that the US wouldn't help China financially.

 Is this referring to:
 A) The country as a whole (the nation)?
 B) The government specifically?

 In diplomatic contexts, when we say "the United States would not help China financially," we are typically referring to the government of the United States providing financial aid. However, in common usage, "United States" often refers to the country as a nation-state.

 But let's look more carefully. The sentence says "the United States would not help China financially." This is about financial assistance from one country to another, which is typically a governmental action.

 However, looking at the broader context:
 - "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up..."
 - "the Obama administration is taking a harder line..."
 - "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern..."

 In the sentence "the United States would not help China financially," this is reported speech from the Chinese official criticizing what Todd Stern (US representative) said.

 In WordNet, sense 1 (1:15:00::) is the country/territory itself - the North American republic.
 Sense 2 (1:14:00::) is the government specifically.

 When we say "the United States would not help China," in international relations context, this could be interpreted as the government. But let's look at typical usage patterns.

 Actually, looking at the glosses:
 - Sense 1: "North American republic containing 50 states..." - this is the country as a geopolitical entity
 - Sense 2: "the executive and legislative and judicial branches..." - this is the government structure

 In the context "the United States would not help China financially," this is referring to the country/government providing financial assistance. But which sense fits better?

 Let me think about the distinction. Sense 1 is the country (the nation). Sense 2 is specifically the three branches of government.

 In most contexts where we say "the United States did X" in international affairs, we mean the country acting through its government, but the sense is usually the country (sense 1) unless we are specifically talking about the government as an institution separate from the people or land.

 However, looking at the specific wording in the context: "the United States would not help China financially" - this is about providing financial aid, which is a governmental function.

 But wait, let's look at the previous sentence: "The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up..."

 "Doing a deal" in international climate negotiations is something that governments do.

 However, WordNet sense 2 is quite specific: "the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government" - this is the governmental structure itself.

 Sense 1 is the country: "North American republic..."

 In standard WSD for "United States" in diplomatic contexts, which sense is typically chosen?

 Let me consider: if the text said "the United States government," that would clearly be sense 2. But it says "the United States."

 In the sentence: "the United States would not help China financially" - this is ambiguous between the country and the government.

 However, looking at the examples and typical usage:
 - "America's top climate negotiator" refers to the US representative
 - The negotiator represents the United States (the country)

 Actually, looking carefully at the WordNet senses:
 - united_states%1:15:00:: is a noun denoting a location/territory/country (the republic)
 - united_states%1:14:00:: is a noun denoting a group/organization (the government)

 In the context, when the Chinese official says the United States won't help China financially, he means the US government won't provide funding. But is this sense 1 or 2?

 Let me check typical WSD guidelines. Usually, "United States" without "government" explicitly refers to sense 1 (the country), even when discussing governmental actions, unless the context specifically distinguishes the government from the country.

 For example:
 - "The United States invaded Iraq" -> sense 1 (the country acting)
 - "The United States consists of three branches" -> sense 2 (the government structure)

 In this text: "the United States would not help China financially" - this is about the country providing aid. While aid is given by the government, the subject is the country as an international actor.

 Also, looking at the synonyms:
 Sense 1: United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
 Sense 2: United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

 The text uses "United States" not "United States government."

 Moreover, earlier in the text: "The United States is not going to do a deal..." - this refers to the country as a negotiating entity.

 I think sense 1 is the correct choice here. The reference is to the country (the North American republic) as the actor in international relations, not specifically to the three branches of government as an organizational structure.

 Wait, let me reconsider. The definition of sense 2 is "the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States." This is metonymic - when we say "the United States" to mean the government.

 But in the context "the United States would not help China financially," this is clearly referring to financial aid from the government. However, in WordNet, sense 1 is the default for the country name.

 Let me look for clues in the context about which sense is intended.

 The text mentions:
 - "U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern" - he represents the US
 - "The United States is not going to do a deal..." - the country as a whole
 - "the Obama administration" - this is specifically the government (executive branch)
 - "the United States would not help China financially" - parallel to "do a deal"

 If the text wanted to refer specifically to the government, it might have said "the U.S. government" or "the administration." But it says "the United States."

 In standard WSD, "United States" referring to the country in international contexts is sense 1.

 For example, in SemCor or other annotated corpora, "United States" in diplomatic contexts is typically tagged as the country (sense 1) unless it's explicitly about the governmental structure.

 Therefore, I choose sense 1.

 Wait, I should double-check. The user says "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."

 Let me look at the synonyms again:
 Sense 1: United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
 Sense 2: United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

 In the text, we see "U.S." used earlier: "U.S. special climate envoy" - this is an adjectival use or part of a title, but "U.S." is listed as a synonym for sense 1.

 Also, "America's top climate negotiator" - "America" is a synonym for sense 1.

 The target is "United States" in "the United States would not help China financially."

 Given that "America" (synonym for sense 1) is used in the immediately preceding context ("America's top climate negotiator"), and "United States" is used consistently to refer to the country as an international actor, sense 1 seems correct.

 One more check: is there any indication that this refers specifically to the three branches of government? No. It refers to the country providing financial assistance.

 Therefore, the answer is sense 1.

 But I want to be absolutely sure. Let me think about whether "United States" when referring to financial aid could be sense 2.

 If the sentence were "The United States passed a law," that would clearly be the government (Congress). If it were "The United States is located in North America," that's clearly sense 1.

 "The United States provided aid" - this is ambiguous but typically sense 1 (the country acting).

 In WordNet, sense 2 is specifically for the government as an organization with three branches. This is a more technical sense.

 In general usage in news text, "United States" in international relations contexts refers to sense 1.

 I will go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
The European Union gave the talks a boost as well on Friday by pledging to provide $3.6 billion a year over the next three years to help poorer countries adapt to the impact of climate change -- from coping with flood and drought to avoiding deforestation. Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help <t>China</t> financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "China" (surface form) with lemma "china" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about climate change talks, the European Union, U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern, and China.
- Key phrases: "taking a harder line with China", "major developing countries", "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei", "help China financially to cope with global warming", "world's major powers"
- This is clearly referring to the nation/state of China (People's Republic of China), not porcelain or dishware, and not Taiwan.

Candidate senses:
1. china%1:15:00:: - a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world (People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay)
2. china%1:06:00:: - high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. china%1:15:01:: - a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek (Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China)
4. china%1:06:01:: - dishware made of high quality porcelain (chinaware)

The context clearly refers to the People's Republic of China as a major developing country/economy in climate negotiations. It mentions "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei" and contrasts with the U.S. This is sense 1.

Sense 3 refers to Taiwan/Nationalist China, which is not what is meant here. The text explicitly mentions "Chinese vice foreign minister" and the PRC's position in climate talks.

So the best sense is index 1.

I need to return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}, but with the correct index, which is 1.