[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: here
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- <t>here</t> come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "here" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at pray," he says."
 - This is describing bell ringers coming down from the bell tower, making noise, and exiting while people are praying.
 - The phrase "here come the ringers" indicates the ringers are arriving or appearing at this location (where the speaker is describing).

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
    - This is the static locative sense - being at a place.

 2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
    - This is the abstract/metaphorical sense about circumstances or points in an argument.

 3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
    - This is the directional sense indicating movement toward the speaker/location.

 4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon
    - This is the temporal sense meaning "now" or "at this point in time".

 Analyzing the usage in context:
 "here come the ringers from above"

 This is an inverted sentence structure (similar to "here comes the bus"). The ringers are coming from above (the bell tower) to where the speaker is describing (down to the church/altar area).

 The phrase "here come..." indicates movement toward the location where the speaker is. This aligns with sense 3: "to this place (especially toward the speaker)" with the synonym "hither".

 However, I should also consider sense 1. But "here come" typically indicates movement toward, not static location. The construction "here comes X" or "here come X" is used when someone/something is approaching the speaker's location.

 Sense 3 specifically mentions "to this place (especially toward the speaker)" and has the synonym "hither", which fits perfectly with the directional movement implied in "here come the ringers from above".

 Wait, let me reconsider. In the phrase "here come the ringers", is it indicating:
 a) They are arriving at this place (toward the speaker)
 b) They are at this place (static)
 c) Temporal (now they come)

 The context says the stairs are located next to the altar, and the ringers are making an exit while congregation is at prayer. So they are coming down from above to where the congregation is (and where the vicar is describing the scene from).

 The phrase "here come..." is indeed directional - it means they are coming to this place. This matches sense 3.

 But let me check sense 1 more carefully. Sense 1 is "in or at this place" - static. Examples: "I work here" (static location).

 Sense 3 is "to this place" - directional movement. Examples: "come here, please" (movement toward).

 The construction "here come the ringers" parallels "come here" - it's about movement toward the location. So sense 3 seems correct.

 However, I should also consider if this could be sense 4 (temporal). "Here we go" can sometimes be temporal, but "here come the ringers" is clearly about physical movement/location, not time.

 Sense 2 is about abstract circumstances ("here I must disagree"), which doesn't fit.

 So between sense 1 and sense 3:
 - Sense 1: "I work here" - being at a place
 - Sense 3: "come here" - moving to a place

 "Here come the ringers" = the ringers are coming to this place. This is sense 3.

 Actually, looking at WordNet's organization:
 - here%4:02:00:: is usually the basic locative adverb (at this place)
 - here%4:02:01:: is directional (to this place, hither)
 - here%4:02:02:: is abstract
 - here%4:02:04:: is temporal

 The phrase "here come" is interesting because "come" already implies movement toward the speaker, and "here" reinforces the destination. This is the directional sense.

 In the sentence: "here come the ringers from above" - they are descending from the bell tower to where the speaker is (or to the congregation area).

 Therefore, sense 3 (here%4:02:01::) is the best fit.

 Wait, I want to double-check. Could it be sense 1? Sometimes "here" in "here comes" can be analyzed as indicating the location where the event is happening. But the specific sense 3 with synonym "hither" and definition "to this place (especially toward the speaker)" seems to capture the directional aspect better.

 Also, looking at the example for sense 3: "come here, please" - this is exactly the type of construction where "here" indicates the destination of movement.

 So my answer is sense_index: 3.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come
Target surface form: come
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here <t>come</t> the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "come" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"

 The context describes bell ringers descending from the bell tower (above) to the church below, making noise as they exit while the congregation is praying. The phrase "here come the ringers from above" describes the physical movement of the ringers arriving/approaching from above.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
 - This seems to fit. The ringers are moving toward the congregation/altar area from above.

 2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
 - This is about arriving at a destination. While they are arriving, the emphasis in the context is on the movement toward (the noise of them coming down), and "here come..." is often used to indicate approach/movement toward the speaker/observer.

 3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
 - This is temporal/abstract, not physical movement.

 4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
 - Not physical movement.

 5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
 - Not applicable here.

 6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
 - Not applicable.

 7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
 - This could potentially work ("come forth"), but the context emphasizes movement toward the congregation/observer.

 8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
 - Not applicable.

 9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
 - Not applicable.

 10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
 - This is about sequence/order, not physical movement.

 11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
 - This is about covering distance, but the context is about approaching/moving toward.

 12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
 - Not applicable.

 13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
 - Not applicable.

 14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
 - Not applicable.

 15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
 - Not applicable.

 16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
 - Not applicable (not about receiving news).

 17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
 - Not applicable.

 18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
 - Not applicable (not about origin/ancestry).

 19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
 - Not applicable.

 20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
 - Not applicable.

 21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first
 - Not applicable.

 Now between sense 1 and sense 2:
 Sense 1: "move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody"
 Sense 2: "reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress"

 The phrase "here come the ringers" is describing the ringers approaching/moving toward the location where the speaker/congregation is. The emphasis is on the movement from above toward the current location. This is a classic use of "come" indicating movement toward the deictic center (the speaker/observer).

 The example for sense 1: "He came singing down the road" - this is very similar to the context where ringers are coming down from above.

 The example for sense 2: "She arrived home at 7 o'clock" - this focuses on reaching the destination.

 In the context "here come the ringers from above", it's about the approach/movement toward, not just the arrival at the destination. The "crunch, crunch, crunch" describes the movement process.

 Also, sense 1 has synonym "come up" (though in this case they are coming down, the directional aspect is similar - movement toward).

 Actually, looking carefully at sense 1: "move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody" - this fits perfectly with "here come the ringers from above". They are moving toward the congregation.

 Sense 2 is more about the completion of the journey (arriving), whereas the context emphasizes the process of exiting/approaching with noise.

 Therefore, sense 1 (index 1) is the best choice.

 Wait, I need to check the index numbers. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=come%2:38:00::
 2. sense_key=come%2:38:04::
 ...

 So the index is the number at the beginning of each entry.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me double-check if there's any other sense that could fit.

 Sense 7: "come forth" - "issue forth". The ringers are issuing forth from the bell tower. This is also plausible. "Here come the ringers from above" could mean they are emerging/issuing forth.

 But "come forth" usually implies emerging from a source, like a scream from a mouth. The ringers are moving down from above, approaching the congregation. The deictic "here" suggests movement toward the speaker.

 Also, sense 1 has the example "He came singing down the road" which is very similar in structure to "here come the ringers from above" (movement with sound).

 Sense 7 examples: "A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard" - these are about emanating from a source, not necessarily moving toward a destination.

 In the context, the ringers are making an "obvious exit" while the congregation is at prayer. They are exiting the bell tower and entering the church space where the congregation is. So they are moving toward the congregation.

 Therefore, sense 1 is better than sense 7.

 Sense 1 is the best fit.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the <t>ringers</t> from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "ringers" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text talks about church bells and bell-ringing
 - "An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington" - "band" here likely refers to a group of bell ringers
 - "several of whom are members of the congregation"
 - "But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells" - clearly talking about people who ring bells
 - "At St. Mary's Church... the bells have fallen silent"
 - "here come the ringers from above" - referring to people coming down from the bell tower
 - "he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself"

 The target word "ringers" appears in the phrase "here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"

 Now looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

 The context is clearly about church bells and people who ring them. The word "ringers" is used multiple times in the text to refer to people who ring church bells.
 - "not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells"
 - "here come the ringers from above" (coming from the bell tower)
 - "active bell-ringer himself"

 This matches sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)"

 Sense 2 (dead ringer/clone) doesn't fit - there's no mention of people looking identical.
 Sense 3 (contestant entered under false pretenses) doesn't fit - no competition context.
 Sense 4 (horseshoes) doesn't fit - clearly talking about church bells, not games.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (ringer%1:18:02::).

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me double-check the numbering. The senses are listed as:
 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02::
 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01::
 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00::
 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00::

 So the index refers to the position in the list (1, 2, 3, or 4), not the WordNet sense key.

 The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: above
Target surface form: above
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from <t>above</t>, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=above%4:02:00:: | definition=at an earlier place | synonyms=supra | examples=see above
2. sense_key=above%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is higher | synonyms=higher up, in a higher place, to a higher place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "above" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The passage is about church bells and bell ringers
 - The specific sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from <t>above</t>, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"
 - The context mentions "stairs from the bell tower" that are located next to the altar
 - Bell towers are typically above the main church area/altar
 - The ringers are coming down from the bell tower (which is above) to the main church area

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=above%4:02:00:: | definition=at an earlier place | synonyms=supra | examples=see above
    - This refers to text references (like "see above" meaning earlier in the text)
    - Doesn't fit the spatial context of bell ringers coming from a higher physical location

 2. sense_key=above%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is higher | synonyms=higher up, in a higher place, to a higher place
    - This refers to a higher physical location
    - Fits perfectly: the ringers are coming from the bell tower which is above (higher than) the main church area where the congregation is praying
    - The stairs go from the bell tower (above) down to the altar area

 The context clearly indicates a spatial relationship where the bell tower is physically higher than the church floor where the congregation is. The ringers are descending from this higher place.

 Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: making
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, <t>making</t> a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "making" (lemma: make) in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about church bells and ringers.
- Specifically: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"
- The ringers are coming down from the bell tower (above), making noise (crunch, bang), and "making a very obvious exit"
- The phrase "making a very obvious exit" means they are creating/causing/producing a very obvious exit, or perhaps performing the action of exiting in an obvious way.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. engage in (make love, make an effort) - doesn't fit well with "exit"
2. give certain properties to something (get someone mad) - "making a very obvious exit" could mean causing the exit to be obvious, but "exit" here is the action of exiting, not an object being given properties
3. make or cause to be or to become (create a furor) - "making a very obvious exit" could mean creating/causing the exit to happen. This is plausible.
4. cause to do; cause to act (induce) - doesn't fit with "exit" as an object
5. give rise to; cause to happen (cause a commotion) - "making a very obvious exit" - this could work, as in causing/creating the exit
6. create or manufacture a man-made product (produce cars) - exit is not a product
7. make, formulate, or derive in the mind (draw a conclusion) - no
8. compel or make somebody act (People cannot be made to integrate) - no
9. create by artistic means (create a poem) - no
10. earn (make money) - no
11. create or design, often in a certain way (Do my room in blue) - no
12. to compose or represent (form, constitute) - "making a very obvious exit" - could mean constituting/forming an exit? Not quite.
13. reach a goal (make the first team) - no
14. be or be capable of being changed (He makes a great host) - no
15. make by shaping (make a dress) - no
16. perform or carry out (make a decision) - "making a very obvious exit" could mean performing/carrying out an exit. This is very plausible.
17. make by combining materials (construct) - no
18. change from one form into another - no
19. act in a certain way so as to acquire (make friends) - no
20. charge with a function (make president) - no
21. achieve a point - no
22. reach a destination - no
23. institute, enact (make laws) - no
24. carry out or commit (make a mistake) - "making a very obvious exit" - similar to sense 16, but sense 24 is more about mistakes/faux pas. Sense 16 is more general "perform or carry out"
25. form by assembling - no
26. organize or be responsible for (make a party) - no
27. put in order (make the bed) - no
28. head into a specified direction (make for the mountains) - "making an exit" could be similar to "making for the exit" but here it's "making a very obvious exit" - the "a" suggests it's not the directional sense
29. have a bowel movement - no
30. undergo fabrication - no
31. be suitable for - no
32. add up to - no
33. amount to - no
34. constitute the essence of - no
35. appear to begin - no
36. proceed along a path - no
37. reach in time - no
38. gather and light (make a fire) - no
39. prepare for eating - no
40. induce to have sex - no
41. assure the success of - no
42. represent fictitiously - no
43. consider as being - no
44. calculate as being - no
45. cause to be enjoyable - no
46. favor the development of - no
47. develop into - no
48. behave in a certain way (make merry) - "making merry" is an idiom, but "making an exit" isn't quite the same as behaving
49. eliminate urine - no

Now between sense 3, 5, 16, and possibly others:

Sense 3: make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
- "making a very obvious exit" - they are creating/causing an exit. But an exit is an action/event here.

Sense 5: give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
- "making a very obvious exit" - causing an exit to occur? This fits well with "make a stir", "cause a commotion". Making an exit is similar to making a stir - it's causing a disturbance/event.

Sense 16: perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
- "making a very obvious exit" - performing an exit. This is also very plausible. "Make a move" is similar to "make an exit".

Let me look at the specific phrase "make an exit". This is an idiom meaning "to leave". In WordNet, how is this handled?

The phrase "make an exit" is similar to "make a decision" (sense 16) or "make a move" (sense 16). It's performing/carrying out the action.

But let's look at sense 3: "make a mess" - creating a mess.
Sense 5: "make a stir" - causing a stir.

"Making a very obvious exit" - the ringers are leaving in a way that is obvious (noisy). They are performing the action of exiting.

Actually, looking closely at sense 16: "perform or carry out" - examples: make a decision, make a move.
"Make an exit" is very similar to "make a move".

Sense 3 examples: make a mess, create a furor. These are about creating a state or condition.

Sense 5 examples: cause a commotion, make a stir. These are about causing an event.

"Exit" here is the act of leaving. "Make an exit" is an idiom meaning to leave. In WSD, idioms are often handled by specific senses if they're listed, or by general senses.

Between sense 3, 5, and 16:
- Sense 16 seems best for "make a decision/move" type collocations where you're performing an action.
- "Make an exit" is performing the action of exiting.

But wait, sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become" - could apply to "make an exit" meaning to bring about an exit?

Let me reconsider the context. The ringers are coming down from above, making noise, and "making a very obvious exit". This means they are leaving the bell tower in a very obvious way (because of the noise).

In dictionaries, "make an exit" is often defined as "to leave". The verb "make" here is similar to "perform" or "execute".

Looking at the WordNet senses provided:
Sense 16: perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
This seems the closest match for "make an exit" as an idiom meaning to perform the action of exiting.

Sense 5: give rise to; cause to happen | examples=make a stir
While "make a stir" is similar, "make an exit" is more about performing the action rather than causing an event to happen.

Sense 3: make or cause to be or to become | examples=make a mess
Creating a mess is different from making an exit.

Sense 24: carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
This is for errors/transgressions.

So Sense 16 seems best: "perform or carry out".

But let me double-check if there's any other sense.
Sense 28: head into a specified direction | examples=make for the mountains
"Make for" is different from "make an exit".

Sense 36: proceed along a path | examples=make one's way
"Make one's way" is different from "make an exit".

So between 3, 5, and 16:
- Sense 3: create (make a mess)
- Sense 5: cause to happen (make a stir)
- Sense 16: perform/carry out (make a decision, make a move)

"Make an exit" is most analogous to "make a move" - both are performative actions. Therefore, sense 16.

Wait, I should check if "make" in "make an exit" could be sense 3 (create). When you make an exit, you are creating an exit? Not really. You are executing the action of leaving.

Actually, looking at WordNet 3.1 or similar, the idiom "make an exit" might map to sense 16.

But let me reconsider sense 5. "Make a stir" means to cause a disturbance. "Making a very obvious exit" - the way they exit is causing a disturbance/creating a scene. But the direct object is "exit", not "stir" or "commotion". The exit itself is the obvious thing.

Actually, looking at the sentence: "making a very obvious exit" - the "very obvious" describes the exit. They are performing the exit.

I think sense 16 is correct: perform or carry out.

But I want to check sense 3 again. "Make or cause to be or to become". If I make a mess, I cause the mess to exist. If I make an exit, I cause the exit to exist? Maybe, but "exit" as a noun can mean the act of going out or the place. Here it's the act.

Actually, looking at standard WSD for "make an exit", it often maps to sense 16 or similar "perform" senses.

Let me verify the sense keys:
- make%2:36:00:: - make or cause to be or to become (create)
- make%2:36:05:: - give rise to; cause to happen
- make%2:36:12:: - perform or carry out

Wait, I need to check the numbering. The user provided:
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move

Yes, that's sense 16.

And sense 3 is:
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor

And sense 5 is:
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir

Given that "make a move" is explicitly listed as an example for sense 16, and "make an exit" is semantically parallel to "make a move" (both idioms for performing an action), sense 16 is the best choice.

Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 16}.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: very
Target surface form: very
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a <t>very</t> obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: | definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: | definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: very
Target surface form: very
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a <t>very</t> obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: | definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: | definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

[User] Your previous answer was invalid. Choose one candidate index between 1 and 2. Return only valid JSON exactly like {"sense_index": 1}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "very" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
The sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"

The word "very" is modifying "obvious" - it's describing how obvious the exit is.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=very%4:02:00:: | definition=used as intensifiers; `real' is sometimes used informally for `really'; `rattling' is informal | synonyms=really, real, rattling | examples=she was very gifted; he played very well
   - This is the intensifier usage, like "very good", "very obvious", etc.
   - It intensifies the adjective "obvious"

2. sense_key=very%4:02:01:: | definition=precisely so | examples=on the very next page; he expected the very opposite
   - This is used to emphasize exactness or precision, often with "the very" + noun/adjective
   - Examples show "the very next page" and "the very opposite"

In the target sentence: "making a very obvious exit"
- "very" is functioning as an intensifier modifying the adjective "obvious"
- It's not indicating "precisely so" or exactness in the sense of "the very X"
- It's strengthening the degree of obviousness

This matches sense 1: used as intensifiers.

The examples for sense 1 include "she was very gifted; he played very well" - which parallels "very obvious".

Sense 2 examples include "on the very next page" which is a different usage (emphasizing exact identity or position).

Therefore, the correct answer is sense_index: 1.

I need to return only the JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: exit
Target surface form: exit
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious <t>exit</t> while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=exit%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=issue, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
2. sense_key=exit%1:11:00:: | definition=euphemistic expressions for death | synonyms=passing, loss, departure, expiration, going, release | examples=thousands mourned his passing
3. sense_key=exit%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of going out

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "exit" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The passage is about church bell ringers in England
 - At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, there's an issue with the stairs from the bell tower being located next to the altar
 - The quote describes: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"
 - The ringers are coming down from the bell tower (above) and exiting while the congregation is praying

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=exit%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=issue, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
    - This refers to a physical opening/doorway
    - Could potentially fit if referring to the stairs or doorway as an exit

 2. sense_key=exit%1:11:00:: | definition=euphemistic expressions for death | synonyms=passing, loss, departure, expiration, going, release | examples=thousands mourned his passing
    - This is about death, clearly not relevant here

 3. sense_key=exit%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of going out
    - This refers to the action of leaving/going out
    - The context describes the ringers making an "exit" - they are leaving the bell tower and coming down the stairs while the congregation is at prayer
    - The phrase "making an exit" typically refers to the act of leaving

 Let me think more carefully about sense 1 vs sense 3.

 Sense 1 (exit%1:06:00::) is a noun referring to the physical opening itself - like a door, gateway, or passage that allows escape. The examples mention "way out" and "issue" (in the sense of an outlet).

 Sense 3 (exit%1:04:00::) is a noun referring to the act or process of going out - the departure itself.

 In the sentence: "here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer"

 The phrase "making an exit" is an idiom meaning to leave, to depart. It refers to the act of leaving, not the physical doorway. The ringers are leaving the bell tower area and coming down the stairs, creating noise during the prayer.

 However, I should also consider if it could mean the physical opening. But "making an exit" strongly suggests the act of leaving. If it were the physical opening, we might say "the exit is located next to the altar" or "they used the exit." But here they are "making" an exit - performing the action of leaving.

 Also, looking at the synonyms for sense 1: issue, outlet, way out. These are physical things.
 For sense 3: it's the act of going out.

 The context describes the action: the ringers are coming down, making noise, and leaving during prayer. It's the act of departure that is "obvious" and disruptive.

 Therefore, sense 3 (exit%1:04:00::) seems most appropriate.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys. The format is exit%1:04:00:: vs exit%1:06:00::.

 In WordNet:
 - 1:04 is usually a noun act (act, action)
 - 1:06 is usually a noun artifact or object (physical thing)

 Yes, 1:04 would be the act of exiting, and 1:06 would be the physical exit/doorway.

 The phrase "making an exit" clearly refers to the act of leaving.

 So the answer should be sense_index: 3.

 But wait, I need to be careful. Sometimes "exit" can refer to the physical structure even in phrases like "theatrical exit" or "stage exit." But here "making a very obvious exit" - the "obvious" modifies how they are leaving (noisily, visibly), not the physical structure itself.

 Also, the context mentions "here come the ringers from above" - they are in the process of leaving/departing.

 So yes, sense 3 is correct.

 Actually, looking at the candidate list again:
 1. sense_key=exit%1:06:00::
 2. sense_key=exit%1:11:00::
 3. sense_key=exit%1:04:00::

 So index 3 corresponds to exit%1:04:00:: (the act of going out).

 Let me verify once more by looking at typical usage:
 - "He made a quick exit" = he left quickly (act of going out)
 - "The exit is on the left" = the door/way out (physical opening)

 In the text: "making a very obvious exit" - this parallels "made a quick exit" or "making an exit" - it's about the departure.

 Therefore, the answer is {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: congregation
Target surface form: congregation
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the <t>congregation</t> is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=congregation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=fold, faithful
2. sense_key=congregation%1:14:01:: | definition=an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together | examples=a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph; a great congregation of birds flew over
3. sense_key=congregation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of congregating | synonyms=congregating

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "congregation" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses church bells, ringers, vicars, and church attendance
- The specific sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the <t>congregation</t> is at prayer"
- This is happening at St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset
- The context involves a vicar, church attendance, and people being at prayer

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=congregation%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=fold, faithful
   - This refers to the group of people who attend a specific church (the church members/attendees)

2. sense_key=congregation%1:14:01:: | definition=an assemblage of people or animals or things collected together | examples=a congregation of children pleaded for his autograph; a great congregation of birds flew over
   - This is a more general sense of any group or gathering of people/animals/things
   - Examples show it can be used for children, birds, etc.

3. sense_key=congregation%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of congregating | synonyms=congregating
   - This refers to the action/activity of gathering together, not the group itself

In the context:
- "while the congregation is at prayer"
- This refers to the people who are attending the church service and praying
- These are the churchgoers, the faithful, the members of the church community
- It's specifically referring to the religious assembly in a church setting

Sense 1 fits best because:
- It specifically refers to people who habitually attend a given church (religious context)
- The synonyms "fold" and "faithful" fit the religious context
- The phrase "at prayer" strongly suggests a religious gathering in a church
- The broader context is about church attendance, vicars, and church services

Sense 2 is too general and while it could technically apply, the specific religious context makes Sense 1 more appropriate. The examples for Sense 2 show it's used for secular gatherings (children, birds).

Sense 3 is about the act/action, but the sentence uses "congregation" as a noun referring to the people ("the congregation is at prayer"), not the act of congregating.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 1 (index 1).

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user says "Choose the single best indexed sense" and provides them numbered 1, 2, 3. So I should return the index number.

Sense 1: congregation%1:14:00:: (the religious group)
Sense 2: congregation%1:14:01:: (general assemblage)
Sense 3: congregation%1:04:00:: (the act)

The context clearly indicates a religious service where people are at prayer in a church. This is definitely Sense 1.

Final check: "while the congregation is at prayer" - this is a classic use of "congregation" to mean the assembled worshippers in a church. This matches definition 1 perfectly: "a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church".

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prayer
Target surface form: prayer
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at <t>prayer</t>, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prayer%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving) | synonyms=supplication | examples=the priest sank to his knees in prayer
2. sense_key=prayer%1:10:02:: | definition=reverent petition to a deity | synonyms=petition, orison
3. sense_key=prayer%1:10:00:: | definition=earnest or urgent request | synonyms=entreaty, appeal | examples=an entreaty to stop the fighting; an appeal for help
4. sense_key=prayer%1:10:01:: | definition=a fixed text used in praying
5. sense_key=prayer%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who prays to God | synonyms=supplicant

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "prayer" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about church bells and bell ringers
- The specific sentence is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at <t>prayer</t>"
- This describes a situation where the congregation is engaged in prayer (the activity/act of praying) while the bell ringers are making noise exiting the bell tower

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=prayer%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of communicating with a deity (especially as a petition or in adoration or contrition or thanksgiving) | synonyms=supplication | examples=the priest sank to his knees in prayer
   - This is the act/activity of praying. "At prayer" means engaged in the act of praying.

2. sense_key=prayer%1:10:02:: | definition=reverent petition to a deity | synonyms=petition, orison
   - This seems to be the content/utterance of prayer (the words spoken)

3. sense_key=prayer%1:10:00:: | definition=earnest or urgent request | synonyms=entreaty, appeal | examples=an entreaty to stop the fighting; an appeal for help
   - This is a general request, not necessarily religious

4. sense_key=prayer%1:10:01:: | definition=a fixed text used in praying
   - This is a specific text/formula (like the Lord's Prayer)

5. sense_key=prayer%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who prays to God | synonyms=supplicant
   - This is a person who prays

The phrase "at prayer" is a common collocation meaning "engaged in the act of praying." This matches sense 1, which refers to the act of communicating with a deity.

Sense 1 (prayer%1:04:00::) is the act or activity.
Sense 2 (prayer%1:10:02::) seems to be the utterance/text of the prayer itself.

"At prayer" clearly refers to being engaged in the activity/act of praying, not to the text being recited or the person praying. The congregation is performing the act of prayer when the bell ringers disturb them.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice.

Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indices correctly:
- prayer%1:04:00:: - this is the act (noun.act)
- prayer%1:10:02:: - this is the communication (noun.communication)
- prayer%1:10:00:: - this is the request (noun.communication)
- prayer%1:10:01:: - this is the text (noun.communication)
- prayer%1:18:00:: - this is the person (noun.person)

In the context "while the congregation is at prayer", this is referring to the state/activity of praying. This is definitely sense 1.

The example given for sense 1: "the priest sank to his knees in prayer" - this shows "in prayer" as the activity.
Similarly, "at prayer" = engaged in the activity of prayer.

So the answer should be sense_index: 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
An entirely new band rings today at Great Torrington, several of whom are members of the congregation. But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he <t>says</t>. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "says" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringers and a dispute.
 - C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, is quoted: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.
 - This is a direct quote from Vicar Marshall explaining his view on why there's a problem with the bell ringers at St. Mary's Church.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
    - This is the general sense of expressing something in words. The example "He said that he wanted to marry her" fits the pattern here where someone is expressing their thoughts/opinions.

 2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
    - This seems more like making a claim or allegation, often with a connotation of asserting something as fact or defending a position.

 3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
    - This is hypothetical/conditional. Not applicable here.

 4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
    - This is about text containing specific wording. Not applicable to a person speaking.

 5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
    - This is about giving orders/commands. Not applicable here.

 6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
    - This is about pronunciation/articulation. Not applicable.

 7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
    - Nonverbal communication. Not applicable.

 8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
    - This is about the physical act of uttering words aloud. While technically he is uttering words, the context suggests it's more about expressing content/opinion rather than just the physical act of uttering.

 9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
    - This is about stating an opinion or judgment. The example "I say let's forget this whole business" suggests a proposal or strong opinion.

 10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
    - This is about reciting fixed texts like prayers. Not applicable.

 11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon
    - This is about inanimate objects indicating something. Not applicable.

 Now, between sense 1 (express in words/state/tell) and sense 9 (state as one's opinion or judgement; declare):

 Sense 1 is the most general sense of "say" - to express in words. The examples include "He said that he wanted to marry her" which is similar to the structure here where someone is quoted expressing their view.

 Sense 9 is more specific to stating an opinion or judgment, often with a sense of declaring or proposing something (like "I say we go" or "I say let's forget this").

 In the context, Vicar Marshall is explaining his view on why the bells have fallen silent - he's expressing his opinion about the fault being in the stairs. However, looking at the specific usage "he says" after a direct quote, this is the standard reporting verb usage.

 Actually, looking more carefully at the distinction:
 - Sense 1: "express in words" - general communication
 - Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" - more specific to opinions/judgments

 The quote from Marshall is him explaining his view on the situation: "So crunch, crunch, crunch... here come the ringers..." This is him describing the situation and giving his analysis. This could fit sense 9 (stating his opinion/judgment).

 However, looking at the examples for sense 9: "I say let's forget this whole business" - this is more of a hortative or declarative statement proposing action or making a definitive judgment.

 The example for sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her" - this is standard reported speech.

 In journalistic/reporting contexts, "he says" after a quote is typically sense 1 (express in words/state/tell). It's the standard way to attribute speech.

 But let me look at sense 2 as well: "report or maintain" - this is similar to alleging or asserting something as fact. The example "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" suggests reporting a state of affairs.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys and their typical usage:
 - say%2:32:00:: is usually the default sense for "say" meaning to utter or express verbally.
 - say%2:32:13:: (sense 9 in the list) is specifically for "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare"

 In the context, Marshall is giving his analysis/opinion on the situation. He "feels the fault is in the stairs" and then quotes the noise/distraction. This is him stating his judgment about the cause of the problem.

 However, the specific construction "he says" following a direct quote is extremely common and usually maps to the general sense of expressing in words (sense 1).

 Let me reconsider the senses based on typical WordNet mappings:

 Sense 1 (say%2:32:00::): This is the most frequent sense, roughly "to utter, express verbally"
 Sense 9 (say%2:32:13::): This is specifically for declaring opinions/judgments

 The example for sense 9: "I say let's forget this whole business" shows the pattern where "say" introduces a proposal or opinion.

 In our text: "he says" follows a quote where Marshall is describing the noise problem. This is him expressing his view on the matter.

 But wait, looking at the exact wording: "he says" is used as a speech tag after the direct quote. This is the standard journalistic usage.

 Let me check if there's a distinction between sense 1 and sense 9 in WordNet:
 - Sense 1: express in words (general)
 - Sense 9: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare (specific to opinions)

 Given that Marshall is giving his opinion/analysis of the situation (the fault being the stairs), sense 9 might be appropriate. However, "he says" as a speech tag is almost always sense 1.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 1 again: "He said that he wanted to marry her" - this is indirect speech.
 The example for sense 9: "I say let's forget this whole business" - this is direct speech expressing an opinion.

 In our case, we have direct speech followed by "he says". The content is his explanation/opinion of the situation.

 But I need to be careful. In WordNet, sense 1 (say%2:32:00::) is the hypernym or general sense that covers most uses of "say" meaning to communicate verbally. Sense 9 is more specific to declaring opinions.

 However, looking at the actual WordNet entries (from my knowledge):
 - say%2:32:00:: express in words; "He said that he wanted to marry her"; "tell me what is bothering you"
 - say%2:32:13:: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare; "I say let's forget this whole business"

 The key difference is that sense 9 is used when someone is declaring their opinion or judgment, often in a formal or definitive way.

 In the context, Marshall is explaining the situation - he's stating his view on why the bells fell silent. This is indeed stating his opinion/judgment.

 However, the phrase "he says" at the end of a quote is such a standard speech tag that it might default to sense 1.

 Let me look at sense 2 again: "report or maintain" - this could also fit if we consider him reporting the facts about the stairs. But "report" here is more like "allege" or "aver" - asserting something.

 Actually, looking carefully at the context, Marshall is not just reporting facts; he's giving his interpretation: "feels the fault is in the stairs...". Then he quotes the noise. The "he says" refers to him expressing this view.

 I think the best fit is sense 1 (express in words) because:
 1. It's the most general and common sense
 2. The construction "he says" after a quote is the standard reporting usage
 3. While he is expressing an opinion, sense 9 is more specific to declarations like "I say we do X" or formal judgments

 But let me reconsider sense 9. The definition is "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare". The example "I say let's forget this whole business" is a proposal.

 Is Marshall declaring something? He's explaining his view on the cause of the dispute. This is stating his opinion.

 However, in WSD tasks, the general sense (sense 1) is usually preferred for standard speech reporting unless there's a specific reason to choose a more specific sense.

 Wait, I should look at whether there's a sense specifically for "quote" or "report speech". Sense 1 covers that with "express in words".

 Let me check if sense 2 (report or maintain) fits better. The synonyms are "allege, aver". This suggests a claim or assertion, often used in legal or formal contexts. "He alleged that he was the victim..." This has a connotation of claiming something that might be disputed. Marshall is giving his view, but it's not necessarily an allegation in that sense.

 Sense 9 seems to be for when "say" means to declare or give one's opinion, as in "I say it's time to go."

 Given the context is a newspaper article quoting a vicar giving his analysis, and the structure is [quote] "he says", I believe sense 1 is the correct choice.

 Actually, looking at the sense indices provided:
 1. sense_key=say%2:32:00::
 2. sense_key=say%2:32:01::
 3. sense_key=say%2:32:03::
 4. sense_key=say%2:42:00::
 5. sense_key=say%2:32:04::
 6. sense_key=say%2:32:02::
 7. sense_key=say%2:32:07::
 8. sense_key=say%2:32:15::
 9. sense_key=say%2:32:13::
 10. sense_key=say%2:32:08::
 11. sense_key=say%2:32:09::

 So sense 1 is index 1, sense 9 is index 9.

 I think the answer is index 1.

 But let me double-check by looking at the specific content. The quote is: "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says.

 This is him describing the situation. It's a descriptive statement expressing his view on the problem.

 If I look at sense 9 again: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" - this could fit because he is stating his judgment about the cause.

 However, the general rule in WSD is that if a more general sense fits and there's no specific contextual trigger for a specialized sense, choose the general sense. The general sense of "say" is to express in words (sense 1).

 Also, looking at the examples for sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her" - this is similar to our case where "he says [that]" introduces his statement.

 I will go with sense_index: 1.

 Wait, I want to make sure about sense 9. Is there any indication that this is a declaration or formal statement of opinion? The text says "he feels the fault is in the stairs" and then quotes him. The "he says" is attributing the quote to him.

 In journalistic English, "says" is the standard neutral verb for attribution, corresponding to sense 1.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: admit
Target surface form: admits
Context:
But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall <t>admits</t> to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=admit%2:32:00:: | definition=declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of | synonyms=acknowledge | examples=He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten
2. sense_key=admit%2:41:01:: | definition=allow to enter; grant entry to | synonyms=allow in, let in, intromit | examples=We cannot admit non-members into our club building; This pipe admits air
3. sense_key=admit%2:41:00:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=let in, include | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar
4. sense_key=admit%2:40:00:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
5. sense_key=admit%2:42:06:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=allow | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
6. sense_key=admit%2:42:00:: | definition=give access or entrance to | examples=The French doors admit onto the yard
7. sense_key=admit%2:42:04:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, hold | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
8. sense_key=admit%2:42:03:: | definition=serve as a means of entrance | examples=This ticket will admit one adult to the show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "admits" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bells and ringers
 - Vicar Marshall "admits" to mixed feelings about this issue
 - He is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself
 - The structure is: "Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings..."

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=admit%2:32:00:: | definition=declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of | synonyms=acknowledge | examples=He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten
    - This seems to fit. "Admit to mixed feelings" means acknowledging or declaring that he has mixed feelings.

 2. sense_key=admit%2:41:01:: | definition=allow to enter; grant entry to | synonyms=allow in, let in, intromit | examples=We cannot admit non-members into our club building; This pipe admits air
    - This is about physical entry. Doesn't fit with "mixed feelings".

 3. sense_key=admit%2:41:00:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=let in, include | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar
    - This is about allowing someone into a profession/group. Doesn't fit.

 4. sense_key=admit%2:40:00:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
    - This is about accepting into a group. Doesn't fit.

 5. sense_key=admit%2:42:06:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=allow | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
    - This is about allowing/possibility. "Admits of" is the typical construction. Here we have "admits to", so this doesn't fit.

 6. sense_key=admit%2:42:00:: | definition=give access or entrance to | examples=The French doors admit onto the yard
    - Physical access. Doesn't fit.

 7. sense_key=admit%2:42:04:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, hold | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
    - Capacity. Doesn't fit.

 8. sense_key=admit%2:42:03:: | definition=serve as a means of entrance | examples=This ticket will admit one adult to the show
    - Ticket/entrance. Doesn't fit.

 So sense 1 is clearly the best fit. "Admit" here means to acknowledge or declare to be true. He is acknowledging that he has mixed feelings about the issue.

 The structure "admits to mixed feelings" aligns with "declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of" (sense 1). He is declaring/acknowledging the existence of his mixed feelings.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mixed
Target surface form: mixed
Context:
But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to <t>mixed</t> feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mixed%5:00:00:heterogeneous:00 | definition=consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds; ; ; ; ; ; - I.A.Richards | synonyms=assorted, miscellaneous, motley, sundry | examples=an arrangement of assorted spring flowers; assorted sizes
2. sense_key=mixed%5:00:00:integrated:00 | definition=involving or composed of different races | synonyms=interracial | examples=interracial schools; a mixed neighborhood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "mixed" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about church bells, ringers, and vicars.
 - The specific sentence is: "Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself."
 - So "mixed feelings" refers to having conflicting or varied emotions/opinions about the situation.
 - He is both a vicar (who might want quiet during prayer) and a bell-ringer (who values the bells), so he has conflicting feelings.

 Candidate senses provided:
 1. sense_key=mixed%5:00:00:heterogeneous:00 | definition=consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds; synonyms=assorted, miscellaneous, motley, sundry | examples=an arrangement of assorted spring flowers; assorted sizes
 2. sense_key=mixed%5:00:00:integrated:00 | definition=involving or composed of different races | synonyms=interracial | examples=interracial schools; a mixed neighborhood

 Wait, neither of these seems to match "mixed feelings" directly. "Mixed feelings" usually means conflicting emotions, which might be closer to sense 1 (heterogeneous/assorted) in the sense of being composed of different elements, but specifically emotions.

 However, looking at the WordNet structure, "mixed feelings" is often associated with sense 1 (mixed%5:00:00:heterogeneous:00) because it refers to a mixture of different kinds (of feelings). The definition says "consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds" - which could apply to feelings (different kinds of feelings).

 Sense 2 is clearly about race/ethnicity ("interracial"), which doesn't fit here.

 So the choice is between:
 - Sense 1: heterogeneous/assorted (different kinds mixed together)
 - Sense 2: interracial (definitely wrong)

 Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice, even though the gloss mentions "haphazard assortment," the core meaning is about combining different kinds, which applies to "mixed feelings" (combining different emotions like support for bells vs. respect for quiet prayer).

 The user asks for a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}, but the candidate senses are numbered 1 and 2. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Wait, let me double-check WordNet senses for "mixed":
 - mixed%3:00:00:: (adjective) - consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds (synonyms: assorted, miscellaneous, motley, sundry)
 - mixed%3:00:01:: (adjective) - involving or composed of different races (synonym: interracial)

 Actually, looking at the sense keys:
 - mixed%5:00:00:heterogeneous:00 maps to mixed%3:00:00:: (adjective satellite)
 - mixed%5:00:00:integrated:00 maps to mixed%3:00:01:: (adjective satellite)

 In standard WordNet, "mixed feelings" would indeed be sense 1 (the assorted/heterogeneous sense), as it means composed of different elements (positive and negative feelings).

 So the answer is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: feeling
Target surface form: feelings
Context:
But there still are not enough ringers to ring more than six of the eight bells. At St. Mary's Church in Ilminster, Somerset, the bells have fallen silent following a dust-up over church attendance. The vicar, W.D. Jones, refuses to talk about it, saying it would "reopen the wound. "But C.J.B. Marshall, vicar of a nearby church, feels the fault is in the stairs from the bell tower that are located next to the altar. "So crunch, crunch, crunch, bang, bang, bang -- here come the ringers from above, making a very obvious exit while the congregation is at prayer, "he says. Vicar Marshall admits to mixed <t>feelings</t> about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=feeling%1:03:00:: | definition=the experiencing of affective and emotional states | examples=she had a feeling of euphoria; he had terrible feelings of guilt
2. sense_key=feeling%1:09:03:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, belief, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
3. sense_key=feeling%1:26:00:: | definition=the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people | synonyms=spirit, tone, feel, flavor, flavour, look | examples=the feel of the city excited him; a clergyman improved the tone of the meeting
4. sense_key=feeling%1:09:01:: | definition=a physical sensation that you experience | examples=he had a queasy feeling; I had a strange feeling in my leg
5. sense_key=feeling%1:09:02:: | definition=the sensation produced by pressure receptors in the skin | synonyms=touch, touch sensation, tactual sensation, tactile sensation | examples=she likes the touch of silk on her skin; the surface had a greasy feeling
6. sense_key=feeling%1:09:00:: | definition=an intuitive understanding of something | synonyms=intuitive feeling | examples=he had a great feeling for music

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "feelings" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bells and ringers at St. Mary's Church
 - Vicar Marshall admits to "mixed feelings" about this issue
 - He is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself
 - The issue involves the stairs from the bell tower being located next to the altar, causing noise during prayer
 - He sees both sides: the disruption to worship vs. the value of bells to draw people in

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. feeling%1:03:00:: - the experiencing of affective and emotional states (e.g., euphoria, guilt)
    - This refers to emotional states like happiness, sadness, guilt, etc.
    - "Mixed feelings" often refers to mixed emotions - being conflicted emotionally

 2. feeling%1:09:03:: - a vague idea in which some confidence is placed (synonyms: impression, belief, notion, opinion)
    - Examples: "what are your feelings about the crisis?"
    - This is more about opinions or beliefs

 3. feeling%1:26:00:: - the general atmosphere of a place or situation (synonyms: spirit, tone, feel, flavor)
    - This is about the ambiance or atmosphere, not personal emotions

 4. feeling%1:09:01:: - a physical sensation (e.g., queasy feeling, strange feeling in leg)
    - Physical sensations, not emotional

 5. feeling%1:09:02:: - sensation produced by pressure receptors (touch)
    - Physical touch sensations

 6. feeling%1:09:00:: - an intuitive understanding (e.g., feeling for music)
    - Intuition or aptitude

 The phrase in context is "mixed feelings about this issue".

 "Mixed feelings" is an idiom that typically means experiencing conflicting emotions about something. For example, being happy and sad at the same time, or seeing both positive and negative aspects emotionally.

 In this context:
 - Vicar Marshall is conflicted because he is both a vicar (who would want quiet during prayer) and a bell-ringer (who values the bells)
 - He sees merit in both sides of the argument
 - This creates an emotional conflict or ambivalence

 This aligns best with sense 1: "the experiencing of affective and emotional states" - he has conflicting emotional states about the issue.

 Sense 2 could be tempting because it asks "what are your feelings about the crisis?" which looks similar to "feelings about this issue". However, sense 2 is defined as "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" with synonyms like impression, belief, notion, opinion. While we can ask about "feelings" regarding opinions, the specific phrase "mixed feelings" strongly signals emotional states, not opinions. When someone has "mixed feelings," they are emotionally conflicted, not holding vague ideas.

 Also, the context shows he is personally invested in both sides (as both vicar and ringer), creating an emotional dilemma, not just an intellectual opinion.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indices correctly.

 The user lists:
 1. sense_key=feeling%1:03:00::
 2. sense_key=feeling%1:09:03::
 3. sense_key=feeling%1:26:00::
 4. sense_key=feeling%1:09:01::
 5. sense_key=feeling%1:09:02::
 6. sense_key=feeling%1:09:00::

 So the index I should return is 1.

 Let me verify:
 - "mixed feelings" = conflicting emotions = affective and emotional states (sense 1)
 - Examples for sense 1: "she had a feeling of euphoria; he had terrible feelings of guilt" - these are emotional states
 - "Mixed feelings" fits here: he has conflicting emotions (perhaps loyalty to fellow ringers vs. concern for the congregation)

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: Phala