[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: test
Target surface form: tested
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they <t>tested</t> are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=test%2:41:00:: | definition=put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to | synonyms=prove, try, try out, examine, essay | examples=This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe
2. sense_key=test%2:41:01:: | definition=test or examine for the presence of disease or infection | synonyms=screen | examples=screen the blood for the HIV virus
3. sense_key=test%2:32:00:: | definition=examine someone's knowledge of something | synonyms=quiz | examples=The teacher tests us every week; We got quizzed on French irregular verbs
4. sense_key=test%2:42:00:: | definition=show a certain characteristic when tested | examples=He tested positive for HIV
5. sense_key=test%2:33:00:: | definition=achieve a certain score or rating on a test | examples=She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools
6. sense_key=test%2:32:08:: | definition=determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
7. sense_key=test%2:31:06:: | definition=undergo a test | examples=She doesn't test well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "tested" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

Context analysis:
- The text is about cancer research and the p53 gene
- The specific sentence: "John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they <t>tested</t> are missing this gene."
- Here, researchers are examining/analyzing lung cancer tissue cells to determine something about them (specifically, whether they have the p53 gene)

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=test%2:41:00:: | definition=put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to | synonyms=prove, try, try out, examine, essay
   - This seems to fit the general idea of examining something to determine its properties

2. sense_key=test%2:41:01:: | definition=test or examine for the presence of disease or infection | synonyms=screen
   - This is specifically about screening for disease/infection. While cancer is a disease, here they're examining tissue cells for genetic presence, not exactly screening for disease in the medical diagnostic sense.

3. sense_key=test%2:32:00:: | definition=examine someone's knowledge of something | synonyms=quiz
   - This is about testing knowledge, not applicable here.

4. sense_key=test%2:42:00:: | definition=show a certain characteristic when tested | examples=He tested positive for HIV
   - This is about the result of a test (showing a characteristic), not the action of testing. The sentence uses "tested" as an action performed by researchers on cells.

5. sense_key=test%2:33:00:: | definition=achieve a certain score or rating on a test | examples=She tested high on the LSAT
   - Not applicable.

6. sense_key=test%2:32:08:: | definition=determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
   - This looks very relevant. The researchers are determining the presence (or absence) of the p53 gene in the cells.

7. sense_key=test%2:31:06:: | definition=undergo a test | examples=She doesn't test well
   - This is about undergoing a test, not performing a test. The cells are being tested (undergoing the test), but in this context, the researchers are the agents performing the action.

Wait, let me reconsider the syntax: "cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested"
- "they" refers to John Minna and colleagues (the researchers)
- "tested" is the verb performed by "they" on "cells"
- So the cells are undergoing the test (passive sense), but the active agent is performing the test.

Actually, looking at sense 7: "undergo a test" - this would apply if the subject was the cells themselves (e.g., "the cells tested positive"). But here the structure is "they tested [the cells]".

Let me look again at sense 1 vs sense 6:
- Sense 1: "put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to" - synonyms include "examine"
- Sense 6: "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)"

In the context, the researchers are examining the cells to determine if they have the p53 gene (presence of a substance/gene). This seems like a very specific scientific examination.

However, looking at WordNet's organization:
- Sense 1 (test%2:41:00::) is the general "try out, examine" sense
- Sense 6 (test%2:32:08::) is specifically about determining presence or properties of a substance

The context involves scientific research where cells are being analyzed to determine the presence of a specific gene. This aligns closely with sense 6.

But let me check if sense 1 could also fit. "Test this recipe" - trying something out. "Test this approach" - trying it. But here, they're not trying out the cells; they're analyzing them for specific properties.

Sense 2 is about screening for disease. While cancer is involved, they're testing the cells for genetic content, not screening for disease presence in the sense of medical diagnosis on a patient.

Actually, looking carefully at the definition of sense 6: "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)" - this is exactly what they're doing. They're determining the presence/absence of the p53 gene in the cells.

Wait, I need to check the WordNet sense numbering. The user provided:
1. test%2:41:00::
2. test%2:41:01::
3. test%2:32:00::
4. test%2:42:00::
5. test%2:33:00::
6. test%2:32:08::
7. test%2:31:06::

Sense 6 is "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)".

In the sentence: "cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested" - the researchers performed tests on the cells to determine properties/presence of genes.

This matches sense 6 best.

But let me double-check sense 1. "Put to the test, as for its quality" - could work, but sense 6 is more specific to determining presence/properties of a substance, which fits the scientific context of genetic testing.

Also, sense 6 is often used in chemical/biological testing contexts.

However, I should verify if there's any ambiguity. The phrase "they tested" could mean:
- They examined the cells (sense 1 or 6)
- They screened for disease (sense 2, but unlikely since the cells already come from cancer tissue)

Given that they're looking for a specific gene (p53), determining the presence of a substance (DNA/gene) fits sense 6.

But actually, looking at typical WordNet sense distinctions, sense 1 is the broader "try out/examine" sense often used for experiments, while sense 6 is more specific to analytical chemistry/biology testing.

Let me reconsider the examples:
- Sense 1 examples: "This approach has been tried with good results; Test this recipe"
- Sense 6: no examples given, but definition is "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)"

In scientific contexts like "test the water for lead", "test the blood for glucose", sense 6 would apply. Here, "test the cells for the p53 gene" fits the same pattern - determining presence of a substance (the gene).

Therefore, sense 6 (index 6) seems best.

Wait, I need to make sure about the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=test%2:41:00::
2. sense_key=test%2:41:01::
3. sense_key=test%2:32:00::
4. sense_key=test%2:42:00::
5. sense_key=test%2:33:00::
6. sense_key=test%2:32:08::
7. sense_key=test%2:31:06::

So index 6 corresponds to test%2:32:08::.

But let me check if sense 1 could be argued. "Test this recipe" - testing a recipe means trying it to see if it works. Testing cells could mean trying them in an experiment. But the specific context is about examining them to find the gene, which is more analytical.

Also, sense 2 is about testing for disease presence. While they are cancer cells, the test is specifically about the gene, not diagnosing the disease.

I think sense 6 is the best choice.

Actually, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
- Sense 1 (2:41:00) is under verb.cognition (often about trying/experimenting)
- Sense 6 (2:32:08) is under verb.cognition as well? Actually, test%2:32:08 is "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)" - this might be under verb.perception or verb.cognition?

Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
- test%2:41:00:: - put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to
- test%2:41:01:: - test or examine for the presence of disease or infection
- test%2:32:00:: - examine someone's knowledge of something
- test%2:42:00:: - show a certain characteristic when tested
- test%2:33:00:: - achieve a certain score or rating on a test
- test%2:32:08:: - determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
- test%2:31:06:: - undergo a test

Wait, 2:32:08 - the second number 32 usually indicates the lexicographer file (noun.person is 01, noun.animal is 05, etc. For verbs: verb.body is 29, verb.change is 30, verb.cognition is 32, verb.communication is 33, etc.)

So test%2:32:08 would be verb.cognition - determining presence/properties of a substance.
test%2:41:00 would be verb.contact? No, 41 is verb.social? Let me check... actually 41 is verb.social in WordNet 3.0? No:

Standard WordNet lexicographer file numbers:
- verb.body: 29
- verb.change: 30
- verb.cognition: 32
- verb.communication: 33
- verb.competition: 34
- verb.consumption: 35
- verb.contact: 36
- verb.creation: 37
- verb.emotion: 38
- verb.motion: 39
- verb.perception: 40
- verb.possession: 41
- verb.social: 42
- verb.stative: 43
- verb.weather: 44

So:
- test%2:41:00:: = verb.possession - "put to the test, as for its quality" - this seems odd classification but okay
- test%2:41:01:: = verb.possession - "test or examine for the presence of disease"
- test%2:32:00:: = verb.cognition - "examine someone's knowledge"
- test%2:42:00:: = verb.social - "show a certain characteristic when tested"
- test%2:33:00:: = verb.communication - "achieve a certain score"
- test%2:32:08:: = verb.cognition - "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)"
- test%2:31:06:: = verb.cognition? No, 31 would be... actually 31 might be a typo or different version. 31 is usually noun... wait.

Actually checking WordNet 3.1 indices:
The second number is the lexicographer file number.
Common verb files:
- 29: verb.body
- 30: verb.change
- 31: verb.cognition? No, that's 32.
- 31 might be verb.contact in some versions? No.

Actually, looking at the user's list:
- test%2:31:06:: - definition=undergo a test

In WordNet 3.0, test%2:31:00:: is "undergo a test" (this would be verb.cognition if 31=32? No).

Actually, regardless of the file numbers, I should focus on the definitions.

Sense 6: "determine the presence or properties of (a substance)"
Example context: testing water for purity, testing blood for alcohol.

In the given text: testing cells for the presence of the p53 gene.

This is a perfect match for sense 6.

Sense 1 is too general ("try out this recipe").
Sense 2 is for disease screening (medical testing of people).
Sense 6 is for analytical testing of substances.

Therefore, the answer should be index 6.

But let me double-check if there's any reason to choose 1. "Examine" is a synonym for sense 1. They examined the cells. But sense 6 is more specific and accurate for scientific analysis of biological material for genetic content.

Also, in WSD tasks, more specific senses are preferred when the context supports them.

Final check: The cells are the object of testing. The researchers are determining whether the p53 gene is present in these cells. This is determining the presence of a substance (the gene/DNA).

Answer: {"sense_index": 6}

provider: Moonshot AI


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: miss
Target surface form: missing
Context:
The discovery "suddenly puts an obscure gene right in the cockpit of cancer formation, "says Robert Weinberg, a leader in cancer-gene research at Whitehead Institute in Cambridge, Mass. Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are <t>missing</t> this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=miss%2:39:00:: | definition=fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind | synonyms=lose | examples=I missed that remark; She missed his point
2. sense_key=miss%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or suffer from the lack of | examples=He misses his mother
3. sense_key=miss%2:42:01:: | definition=fail to attend an event or activity | examples=I missed the concert; He missed school for a week
4. sense_key=miss%2:31:00:: | definition=leave undone or leave out | synonyms=neglect, pretermit, omit, drop, leave out, overlook | examples=How could I miss that typo?; The workers on the conveyor belt miss one out of ten
5. sense_key=miss%2:38:00:: | definition=fail to reach or get to | examples=She missed her train
6. sense_key=miss%2:42:00:: | definition=be without | synonyms=lack | examples=This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!
7. sense_key=miss%2:35:00:: | definition=fail to reach | examples=The arrow missed the target
8. sense_key=miss%2:42:02:: | definition=be absent | examples=The child had been missing for a week
9. sense_key=miss%2:32:00:: | definition=fail to experience | synonyms=escape | examples=Fortunately, I missed the hurricane

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "missing" (lemma "miss") in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about cancer research and the p53 gene
 - The specific sentence: "John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are <t>missing</t> this gene."
 - Later: "There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."

 So "missing" here means the cells do not have the gene, the gene is absent from the cells.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. miss%2:39:00:: - fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind (synonyms: lose) - This is about perception, not applicable here.

 2. miss%2:37:00:: - feel or suffer from the lack of - This is about emotional feeling, not applicable to cells/genes.

 3. miss%2:42:01:: - fail to attend an event or activity - Not applicable to genes.

 4. miss%2:31:00:: - leave undone or leave out (synonyms: neglect, pretermit, omit, drop, leave out, overlook) - This implies an agent actively leaving something out. While close, the context suggests the gene is simply not present, not that someone omitted it.

 5. miss%2:38:00:: - fail to reach or get to - Not applicable.

 6. miss%2:42:00:: - be without (synonyms: lack) - examples: "This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!" - This fits perfectly. The cells are without the gene, they lack the gene.

 7. miss%2:35:00:: - fail to reach - Not applicable.

 8. miss%2:42:02:: - be absent - examples: "The child had been missing for a week" - This could also fit, as the gene is absent. But let's compare with sense 6.

 Sense 6: "be without" / "lack" - focuses on the state of not having something.
 Sense 8: "be absent" - focuses on the state of not being present.

 In the context "cells... are missing this gene", both could work, but sense 6 (be without/lack) seems more appropriate for describing the state of cells lacking a genetic component. The example "There is something missing in my jewelry box" is very similar to "cells... are missing this gene."

 However, looking at sense 8: "be absent" - "The child had been missing for a week" - this is about the subject itself being absent/lost. But here, the gene is missing from the cells, not that the gene itself is absent in a general sense (though it is).

 Actually, looking carefully:
 - Sense 6: "be without" - synonyms: lack. Examples: "This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!"
 - Sense 8: "be absent" - examples: "The child had been missing for a week"

 In "cells are missing this gene", the cells are the container/subject that lacks the gene. This aligns with "There is something missing in my jewelry box" (the jewelry box lacks something).

 Sense 8 "be absent" typically refers to the subject itself being gone (the child is missing), whereas sense 6 "be without/lack" refers to the subject not having something (the soup lacks salt, the jewelry box has something missing).

 Therefore, sense 6 (miss%2:42:00::) is the best fit.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys and indices. The user lists them with numbers 1-9. Sense 6 corresponds to miss%2:42:00::.

 Actually, looking at the list:
 6. sense_key=miss%2:42:00:: | definition=be without | synonyms=lack | examples=This soup lacks salt; There is something missing in my jewelry box!

 Yes, this is the one.

 But let me also consider sense 4 (leave undone or leave out). Could "missing" mean that the gene was omitted/left out? In biological contexts, we might say the gene is "missing" meaning it's not there, not necessarily that someone omitted it. The passive construction "are missing" suggests a state of being without, not an action of omitting.

 Sense 6 is definitely the best choice.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 6}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Chutes

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: reports
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are <t>reports</t> from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "reports" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about scientific research on the p53 gene and its involvement in various cancers.
- The specific sentence: "There also are <t>reports</t> from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."
- The context mentions: "In a report out last week..." referring to a written document by John Minna and colleagues.
- Then it mentions "reports from several labs, as yet unpublished" - these are also written documents or accounts of findings from scientific research.

Candidate sense analysis:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report
   - This fits well. The "reports" from labs about missing p53 genes are written documents describing findings.

2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account
   - This refers to the act of informing verbally, but the context suggests written scientific papers or documents ("as yet unpublished" implies written documents not yet published).

3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up
   - This is more journalistic/news oriented. While scientific findings can be news, the context emphasizes lab findings and unpublished research, suggesting formal scientific reports rather than news stories.

4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound
   - Clearly irrelevant.

5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship
   - Irrelevant (report card).

6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment)
   - Could be close, but "report" in scientific context is more about findings than an essay assignment.

7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person (reputation)
   - Irrelevant.

Comparing sense 1 and sense 3:
- Sense 1 emphasizes "written document describing the findings of some individual or group" with synonyms "study, written report"
- Sense 3 emphasizes "short account of the news" with synonyms "news report, story"

The context mentions "labs" and "unpublished" findings about scientific research (p53 genes in cancers). This is clearly referring to scientific reports/studies, not news articles. The previous sentence mentions "In a report out last week..." referring to a scientific publication. The parallel structure suggests the same type of document.

Therefore, sense 1 (report%1:10:03::) is the best fit.

Wait, looking at the sense indices:
- The user lists them as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
- Sense 1 is report%1:10:03::
- Sense 3 is report%1:10:00::

Actually, looking carefully:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03::
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01::
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00::
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00::
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04::
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02::
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00::

The question asks for the "sense_index" which corresponds to the numbering in the candidate list (1-7).

So if I choose sense 1 (the first one in the list), the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check:
- "reports from several labs" - these are scientific findings communicated in written form
- "as yet unpublished" - confirms they are written documents intended for publication
- The context is scientific research (p53 gene, cancer research)
- This matches "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group"

Sense 3 (news report) is less likely because:
- These are from labs, not news agencies
- They are unpublished, so not yet "news"
- The content is technical/scientific findings

Sense 1 is definitely the best choice.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yet
Target surface form: yet
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as <t>yet</t> unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yet%4:02:02:: | definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out
2. sense_key=yet%4:02:04:: | definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet
3. sense_key=yet%4:02:03:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=yet%4:02:00:: | definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time | examples=he longed for the flowers that were yet to show themselves; sooner or later you will have to face the facts
5. sense_key=yet%4:02:05:: | definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet
6. sense_key=yet%4:02:06:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, still, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "yet" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "There also are reports from several labs, as <t>yet</t> unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."

 The phrase is "as yet unpublished". This is a common collocation meaning "up to now" or "so far" unpublished.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=yet%4:02:02:: | definition=up to the present time | examples=I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out
    - This seems close, but the examples show "have yet to" and "are yet to", not "as yet".

 2. sense_key=yet%4:02:04:: | definition=used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time | synonyms=so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet | examples=So far he hasn't called; the sun isn't up yet
    - This explicitly lists "as yet" as a synonym in the gloss.
    - The definition mentions "negative statement" - "unpublished" is negative (not published).
    - The context is "as yet unpublished" - this matches perfectly with the synonyms listed (so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet).

 3. sense_key=yet%4:02:03:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, still
    - This doesn't fit. We're not comparing degrees here.

 4. sense_key=yet%4:02:00:: | definition=within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time | synonyms=in time
    - This would imply future publication, but "as yet" specifically means up to now.

 5. sense_key=yet%4:02:05:: | definition=used after a superlative | synonyms=so far | examples=this is the best so far; the largest drug bust yet
    - There's no superlative here ("unpublished" is not a superlative).

 6. sense_key=yet%4:02:06:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless
    - This is the concessive/contrastive sense, which doesn't fit here.

 The phrase "as yet" is a fixed expression meaning "up to the present time" or "so far". Sense 2 explicitly mentions "as yet" in its synonyms and is defined as being used in negative statements (which "unpublished" is) to describe a situation existing up to this point.

 The context: "as yet unpublished" means the reports are still not published up to now, but they exist (from several labs).

 Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.

 Wait, let me double-check sense 1 vs sense 2.

 Sense 1: "up to the present time" - examples: "I have yet to see the results; details are yet to be worked out"
 Sense 2: "used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time" - synonyms include "as yet"

 The phrase "as yet" is explicitly listed under sense 2's synonyms. Also, "unpublished" is a negative state (not published), which fits sense 2's definition about negative statements.

 Actually, looking carefully at sense 1's examples: "I have yet to see" - this is also a negative context (haven't seen). But sense 2 specifically mentions "as yet" as a synonym.

 In WordNet, "as yet" is typically associated with sense 2 (adverb sense 4 in WordNet 3.0, which corresponds to yet%4:02:04::).

 The key phrase here is "as yet unpublished". This is equivalent to "unpublished as yet" or "so far unpublished" or "unpublished up to now".

 Therefore, the answer should be sense index 2.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=yet%4:02:02::
 2. sense_key=yet%4:02:04::
 3. sense_key=yet%4:02:03::
 4. sense_key=yet%4:02:00::
 5. sense_key=yet%4:02:05::
 6. sense_key=yet%4:02:06::

 So the indices are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 corresponding to the order given.

 Sense 2 is: yet%4:02:04:: with definition "used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time" and synonyms including "as yet".

 This is definitely the correct sense.

 Let me verify by looking at the actual WordNet entry if I can recall... In WordNet 3.0:
 - yet%4:02:00:: - "within an indefinite time or at an unspecified future time"
 - yet%4:02:02:: - "up to the present time" (e.g., "I have yet to see")
 - yet%4:02:03:: - "to a greater degree or extent" (even, still)
 - yet%4:02:04:: - "used in negative statement..." (so far, thus far, up to now, hitherto, heretofore, as yet)
 - yet%4:02:05:: - "used after a superlative"
 - yet%4:02:06:: - "despite anything to the contrary"

 Yes, sense 2 in the list (yet%4:02:04::) is the one with "as yet" as a synonym.

 The context "as yet unpublished" matches perfectly with this sense.

 So the answer is {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in <t>tissue</t> taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "tissue" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about cancer research, specifically the p53 suppressor gene.
- It mentions "lung cancer tissue", "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers".
- This is clearly biological/medical context referring to biological tissue (aggregates of cells).

Candidate senses:
1. tissue%1:08:00:: - part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. tissue%1:27:02:: - a soft thin (usually translucent) paper (tissue paper)

The context is clearly about biological samples from cancer patients - "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers". This is biological tissue, not paper tissue.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

The user wants only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3} but with the correct index. Since the correct sense is the first one listed, the index should be 1.

Wait, let me check the instructions again: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

This means the format should be {"sense_index": <number>}. The correct sense is sense 1 (the first candidate), so {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check:
- "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers" - this is definitely biological tissue (sense 1).
- Sense 2 is tissue paper, which is clearly wrong in this medical context.

So the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: taken
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "taken" (lemma: take) in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue <t>taken</t> from kidney, brain and skin cancers."

 The word "taken" here refers to tissue that has been removed/extracted from patients with kidney, brain, and skin cancers. It's describing the action of obtaining tissue samples from these cancers for study.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. carry out - doesn't fit (take action)
 2. require (time or space) - doesn't fit
 3. take somebody somewhere - doesn't fit
 4. get into one's hands, take physically - this could work, as it involves physically obtaining the tissue
 5. take on a certain form - doesn't fit
 6. interpret something - doesn't fit
 7. take something or somebody with oneself somewhere - this implies bringing, but here it's about removing/extracting from
 8. take into one's possession - this could work, obtaining the tissue
 17. remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off - this seems very close, as tissue is being removed from the body
 21. take by force - too strong, not by force
 24. ascertain or determine by measuring - no
 30. have with oneself - no
 31. engage for service - no
 32. receive or obtain regularly - no
 33. buy, select - no
 34. to get into a position of having - no
 40. proceed along in a vehicle - no
 41. obtain by winning - no
 42. be stricken by an illness - no

 The key distinction is between:
 - Sense 4: "get into one's hands, take physically" (synonyms: get hold of) - examples: "Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please"
 - Sense 8: "take into one's possession" - examples: "We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks"
 - Sense 17: "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract" - examples: "remove a threat; remove a wrapper"
 - Sense 40: "proceed along in a vehicle" - no

 Actually, looking at sense 17: "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract" - this seems to fit best because tissue is being removed from the body. The phrase "taken from" strongly suggests removal.

 But let's look at sense 4 again: "get into one's hands, take physically" - this is about grasping/holding.

 Sense 8: "take into one's possession" - this is about ownership.

 Sense 17: "remove something concrete..." - this is about removing/extracting.

 In medical contexts, when we say "tissue taken from" a patient, we mean tissue that has been removed/extracted from the body for examination. This aligns with sense 17.

 However, I should also consider sense 40? No, that's about driving.

 What about sense 38? "be capable of holding or containing" - no.

 Sense 37? "be designed to hold or take" - no.

 Let me reconsider sense 17 vs sense 4.

 Sense 4: "get into one's hands, take physically" - This is about the act of grasping. Example: "Take a cookie!" - you physically grasp it.

 Sense 17: "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off" - Example: "remove a threat; remove a wrapper"

 When tissue is "taken from" a cancer patient, it is surgically removed or biopsied - it is removed from the body. This is clearly a removal sense.

 But wait, looking at the WordNet sense keys provided:

 Sense 17 is: take%2:30:00:: with definition "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract"

 This seems to be the best fit. The tissue is removed from the body.

 However, I should check if there's a sense specifically about obtaining samples.

 Looking at sense 8: "take into one's possession" - this is about acquiring ownership.

 Looking at sense 4: "get into one's hands" - this is about grasping.

 Actually, in many WSD datasets, "take" in the context of "take a sample" or "take tissue" is often mapped to sense 4 (get into one's hands) or sense 8 (take into possession), but sense 17 (remove) is also plausible.

 Let me look at the examples for sense 17 again: "remove a threat; remove a wrapper". This is about removing something from where it is.

 For sense 4: "Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please" - this is about grasping and holding.

 For sense 8: "We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks" - this is about acquiring/receiving into possession.

 The phrase "tissue taken from" implies the tissue was removed from the body. This is closest to sense 17.

 But I need to be careful. In medical English, "take a sample" is often considered sense 4 (physical taking) or sense 8 (obtaining).

 However, looking at the specific context: "cells taken from lung cancer tissue" and "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers" - this is about biopsy or surgical removal.

 Let me check if there's a sense about "obtain by extraction" or similar.

 Sense 24: "ascertain or determine by measuring..." - no.

 Actually, looking at the Princeton WordNet for "take", sense 17 (take%2:30:00::) is indeed "remove, take, take away, withdraw" - this is the removal sense.

 Sense 4 (take%2:35:00::) is "take, get hold of" - the grasping sense.

 In the context of medical samples, "take" usually means to obtain a sample, which could be sense 4 or sense 8.

 But "taken from" strongly suggests the source is being depleted or the item is being removed from the source.

 Let me look at sense 40 again just to be sure: "proceed along in a vehicle" - no.

 What about sense 3? "take somebody somewhere" - no.

 Sense 7? "take something or somebody with oneself somewhere" - this is about transporting.

 Actually, looking at the pattern "taken from", this often corresponds to removal.

 But let me reconsider sense 8: "take into one's possession". When you take tissue from a patient, you are taking it into your possession (the lab's possession). But the key aspect is the removal from the body.

 In WordNet, sense 17 (take%2:30:00::) is the hypernym for removing. The gloss says "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off".

 When a surgeon takes tissue from a patient, they are removing it.

 However, I should verify if there's a more specific sense.

 Looking at the list, sense 17 seems to be the only one that explicitly mentions removal.

 But wait, sense 4 is "get into one's hands, take physically". This could also work - you physically take the tissue.

 However, the phrase "taken from" is more about the removal aspect than the grasping aspect.

 Let me check the examples for sense 8 again: "We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks". This suggests selecting/acquiring something. But tissue isn't exactly selected in the same way; it's extracted/removed.

 Actually, looking at standard WSD practice for "take" in biomedical contexts:
 - "take a sample" -> often sense 4 or 8
 - "take cells from" -> often sense 17 (remove)

 Given the specific phrasing "tissue taken from", this is most likely sense 17.

 But I want to double-check sense 40? No.

 What about sense 30? "have with oneself" - no.

 Sense 42? "be stricken by an illness" - no, that's "take sick" or "be taken ill".

 Sense 29? "be seized or affected in a specified way" - examples: "take sick; be taken drunk" - this is passive, but our "taken" is passive too... "tissue taken from". But this sense is about being affected by illness, not about tissue removal.

 So sense 29 is "be seized or affected" - like "be taken ill". Not applicable here.

 So it's between 4, 8, and 17.

 Sense 4: Physical grasping.
 Sense 8: Taking into possession (acquiring).
 Sense 17: Removing.

 In the context of surgical or biopsy procedures, "take" means to remove or extract. Therefore, sense 17 is the best fit.

 However, I should consider if "take" in "take a sample" is distinct. In WordNet, "take a sample" might be sense 4 (physical taking) or sense 8.

 But given the specific gloss for sense 17 includes "remove something concrete", and tissue is concrete, and it's being removed from the body, I think 17 is correct.

 Wait, I need to look at the sense indices carefully. The user lists them as 1, 2, 3... but these are just labels. The actual sense keys are provided.

 The question asks for the "sense_index". Looking at the format: {"sense_index": 3}

 So I need to return the number from the list (1-42).

 Sense 17 is index 17.

 But let me reconsider if there's any other sense that could fit better.

 Sense 40: "proceed along in a vehicle" - no.

 Sense 27: "head into a specified direction" - "take to the hills" - no.

 Sense 22: "occupy or take on" - "take a seat" - no.

 Sense 12: "assume, as of positions or roles" - no.

 Sense 5: "take on a certain form" - no.

 Sense 15: "experience or feel" - "take a test" - no.

 Sense 18: "serve oneself to, or consume" - no.

 Sense 19: "accept or undergo" - "take a pay cut" - no.

 Sense 20: "make use of or accept" - "take a risk" - no.

 Sense 21: "take by force" - no.

 Sense 23: "admit into a group" - no.

 Sense 24: "ascertain or determine by measuring" - "take a pulse" - this is close! "take a reading", "take a pulse".

 But "take tissue" is not measuring, it's removing/obtaining a physical object.

 Sense 31: "engage for service" - no.

 Sense 32: "receive regularly" - no.

 Sense 33: "buy, select" - no.

 Sense 34: "get into a position of having" - "take shelter" - no.

 Sense 35: "have sex with" - no.

 Sense 36: "lay claim to" - no.

 Sense 37: "be designed to hold" - no.

 Sense 38: "be capable of holding" - no.

 Sense 39: "develop a habit" - no.

 Sense 41: "obtain by winning" - no.

 Sense 42: "be stricken by an illness" - no.

 So it's definitely between 4, 8, and 17.

 Let me think about the subtle differences:

 Sense 4 (take%2:35:00::): "get into one's hands, take physically" - This emphasizes the physical act of grasping. Example: "Take a cookie!" - you reach out and take it.

 Sense 8 (take%2:40:00::): "take into one's possession" - This emphasizes acquiring ownership/control. Example: "I'll take three salmon steaks" - at the butcher shop, you're acquiring them.

 Sense 17 (take%2:30:00::): "remove something concrete..." - This emphasizes removing from a location.

 In "tissue taken from kidney... cancers", the tissue is being removed from the tumors/body. This is a removal operation.

 However, in medical terminology, when we say "tissue was taken from", we could also view it as the tissue being obtained/acquired (sense 8).

 But looking at the WordNet examples for sense 17: "remove a threat; remove a wrapper". These are about removing something from where it is.

 For sense 8: "We are taking an orphan from Romania" - this is about adoption, bringing into one's care. "I'll take three salmon steaks" - this is about purchasing/selecting.

 For sense 4: "Take a cookie!" - this is about grasping.

 Given that tissue is removed from the body during a biopsy or surgery, and the preposition "from" indicates the source of removal, sense 17 seems most appropriate.

 But I recall that in SemCor and other WSD datasets, "take" in similar contexts is often tagged as sense 4 or 8, not 17. Let me think...

 Actually, looking at the WordNet definition for sense 17 again: "remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract". The key verb is "remove".

 In the sentence, "tissue taken from...", the tissue is removed from the body.

 I think sense 17 is the correct choice.

 Wait, I should check if "take" in the sense of "take a photograph" (sense 16) is relevant - no.

 Or "take a test" (sense 15) - no.

 So I'll go with sense 17.

 But let me double-check the index. The user lists:
 17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper

 Yes, index 17.

 Actually, looking at the context again: "cells taken from lung cancer tissue" and "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers".

 This is parallel to "take a sample". In WordNet, "take" as in "take a sample" is usually sense 4? Or is there a specific sense?

 Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1, the sense for "take" meaning "obtain by extraction" or similar might be grouped under sense 4 or 8.

 But given the options, and the explicit "remove" definition in sense 17, and the fact that tissue is physically removed from the body, I think 17 is defensible.

 However, there's another possibility: sense 24? No, that's for measurements.

 What about sense 40? No.

 Let me reconsider sense 8. "take into one's possession". When a researcher takes tissue from a cancer patient, they are taking it into their possession for study. The focus is on acquisition.

 But the phrase "taken from" emphasizes the source, which aligns with removal.

 In many dictionaries, "take" in surgical contexts (take a biopsy) is defined as "remove" or "obtain".

 Given that sense 17 explicitly mentions "remove something concrete", and tissue is concrete, and the examples include "remove a wrapper" (taking off), this seems to fit the surgical removal of tissue.

 I will go with sense 17.

 Final check: Is there any sense about "extract"? No explicit mention.

 Sense 17 is the removal sense.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 17}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brain
Target surface form: brain
Context:
Evidence now is emerging that the p53 suppressor gene is involved in other cancers, too. Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, <t>brain</t> and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brain%1:08:00:: | definition=that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord | synonyms=encephalon
2. sense_key=brain%1:09:00:: | definition=mental ability | synonyms=brainpower, learning ability, mental capacity, mentality, wit | examples=he's got plenty of brains but no common sense
3. sense_key=brain%1:09:01:: | definition=that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason | synonyms=mind, head, psyche, nous | examples=his mind wandered; I couldn't get his words out of my head
4. sense_key=brain%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality | synonyms=genius, mastermind, brainiac, Einstein | examples=Mozart was a child genius; he's smart but he's no Einstein
5. sense_key=brain%1:13:00:: | definition=the brain of certain animals used as meat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "brain" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about cancer research and genetics (p53 gene, breast tumors, lung cancer, kidney cancer, brain cancer, skin cancer)
 - The specific sentence is: "There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, <t>brain</t> and skin cancers."
 - Here, "brain" is being used in the context of "brain cancers" - referring to the organ/tissue where cancer occurs
 - It's listed alongside other organs: kidney, brain, skin

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. sense_key=brain%1:08:00:: - "that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord" (synonyms: encephalon)
    - This refers to the physical organ, the anatomical structure
    - In the context of "brain cancers" and "tissue taken from brain", this is referring to the physical organ as a body part

 2. sense_key=brain%1:09:00:: - "mental ability" (synonyms: brainpower, etc.)
    - This is an abstract sense referring to intelligence
    - Doesn't fit the context of physical tissue/organ affected by cancer

 3. sense_key=brain%1:09:01:: - "that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason" (synonyms: mind, head, psyche)
    - This refers to the mind/consciousness, not the physical organ
    - While related, in medical contexts discussing cancer tissue, we refer to the physical organ, not the abstract mind

 4. sense_key=brain%1:18:00:: - "someone who has exceptional intellectual ability" (synonyms: genius, etc.)
    - This refers to a person
    - Doesn't fit - we're talking about tissue from an organ, not a person

 5. sense_key=brain%1:13:00:: - "the brain of certain animals used as meat"
    - This refers to brain as food
    - Doesn't fit the medical/scientific context

 The context clearly refers to "brain" as an anatomical structure/organ that can develop cancer (brain cancers), alongside kidney and skin (though skin is tissue, not an organ per se, but brain and kidney are definitely organs). The text mentions "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers."

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice - the physical organ, part of the central nervous system.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys:
 - brain%1:08:00:: - This is the body part/organ sense (noun.body)
 - brain%1:09:00:: - This is the intelligence sense (noun.cognition)
 - brain%1:09:01:: - This is the mind/psyche sense (noun.cognition)
 - brain%1:18:00:: - This is the person sense (noun.person)
 - brain%1:13:00:: - This is the food sense (noun.food)

 Yes, sense 1 (index 1) is the anatomical sense.

 The context is clearly medical/anatomical: "tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers." This is referring to the physical organ.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: at_the_same_time
Target surface form: At the same time
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. <t>At the same time</t>, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:03:: | definition=at the same instant | synonyms=simultaneously | examples=they spoke simultaneously
2. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:05:: | definition=overlapping in duration | synonyms=concurrently | examples=concurrently with the conference an exhibition of things associated with Rutherford was held; going to school and holding a job at the same time

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the phrase "at the same time" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses researchers finding mutations in the p53 gene in breast tumors
 - It mentions the gene is also implicated in lung cancer, with reports of missing p53 genes in other cancers (kidney, brain, skin)
 - Then: "<t>At the same time</t>, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."

 So the phrase "At the same time" is being used to indicate that while all these other things are happening (discoveries about p53 in various cancers), simultaneously other researchers are working on finding other tumor-suppressor genes.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:03:: | definition=at the same instant | synonyms=simultaneously | examples=they spoke simultaneously
    - This suggests exact simultaneity, same instant.

 2. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:05:: | definition=overlapping in duration | synonyms=concurrently | examples=concurrently with the conference an exhibition of things associated with Rutherford was held; going to school and holding a job at the same time
    - This suggests overlapping periods, concurrent events.

 In the context:
 - The discoveries about p53 in various cancers are happening
 - AT THE SAME TIME, other researchers are rushing to pinpoint other genes
 - These are concurrent activities happening during the same general time period, not necessarily at the exact same instant.
 - The example "going to school and holding a job at the same time" fits well with the idea that while some research is happening on p53, other research is happening on other genes.

 However, looking carefully at the distinction:
 - Sense 1 (simultaneously) emphasizes the exact same instant
 - Sense 2 (concurrently) emphasizes overlapping duration/periods

 In the text, "At the same time" introduces a concurrent activity - while research on p53 is ongoing/reported, other research is also happening. This fits "overlapping in duration" better than "at the same instant."

 Actually, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1 example: "they spoke simultaneously" - exact same time
 - Sense 2 examples: "concurrently with the conference an exhibition... was held" - overlapping periods; "going to school and holding a job at the same time" - overlapping activities

 The context describes ongoing research activities that are happening concurrently/overlapping in time, not events at a single instant. Therefore, sense 2 (index 2) seems more appropriate.

 Wait, I need to check the sense indices. The user asks for a JSON like {"sense_index": 3}, which implies 1-indexed numbering? Or is it the number in the sense_key?

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:03::
 2. sense_key=at_the_same_time%4:02:05::

 These are labeled as 1 and 2 in the list. The user wants the "sense_index". The example shows {"sense_index": 3}, so I should return 1 or 2 based on which I choose.

 I choose sense 2 (the second one listed), which is at_the_same_time%4:02:05:: with definition "overlapping in duration".

 Actually, let me reconsider. In many WSD datasets, "at the same time" when used to mean "meanwhile" or "concurrently" often maps to the sense indicating simultaneity vs. the sense indicating concession (which isn't listed here).

 Wait, looking at the senses again:
 - Sense 1: at the same instant (simultaneously)
 - Sense 2: overlapping in duration (concurrently)

 The context: "There also are reports... At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing..."

 This is showing that while some things are happening (reports of missing p53 genes), concurrently other things are happening (rushing to pinpoint other genes). This is definitely the "concurrently/overlapping in duration" sense rather than the exact same instant.

 Therefore, sense_index should be 2.

 But let me double-check if there's any trick. The phrase "At the same time" can also be used to indicate contrast/concession (like "however"), but that's not listed in the candidate senses. So between these two temporal senses, it's definitely the concurrent/overlapping one.

 Final answer: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: team
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "team" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about scientific research on cancer genes (p53 gene, chromosome 17, breast cancer, lung cancer, etc.)
 - The specific sentence: "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins <t>team</t> and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
 - "Johns Hopkins team" refers to a group of researchers/scientists at Johns Hopkins University/Institution
 - They are working to find tumor-suppressor genes

 Candidate senses:
 1. team%1:14:00:: - a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
 2. team%1:14:01:: - two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

 Analysis:
 - Sense 1 refers to a group of people working together (cooperative unit), often in sports but not exclusively. In this context, it's a group of researchers working together.
 - Sense 2 refers to draft animals (like horses or oxen) pulling something - clearly not applicable here.

 The context clearly indicates a group of human researchers working together at Johns Hopkins. This fits sense 1 (cooperative unit), even though it's not a sports context. The gloss says "especially in sports" but doesn't limit it to sports. A research team is a cooperative unit.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (index 1).

 I need to return: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rush
Target surface form: rushing
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are <t>rushing</t> to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rush%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast | synonyms=hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests; The cars raced down the street
2. sense_key=rush%2:33:00:: | definition=attack suddenly
3. sense_key=rush%2:30:01:: | definition=urge to an unnatural speed | synonyms=hurry | examples=Don't rush me, please!
4. sense_key=rush%2:30:00:: | definition=act or move at high speed | synonyms=hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate | examples=We have to rush!; hurry--it's late!
5. sense_key=rush%2:38:01:: | definition=run with the ball, in football
6. sense_key=rush%2:38:10:: | definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | synonyms=race | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze
7. sense_key=rush%2:36:00:: | definition=cause to occur rapidly | synonyms=induce, stimulate, hasten | examples=the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "rushing" (target surface form) corresponding to the lemma "rush" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:

The passage is about scientific research on cancer genes, specifically mentioning:
- Researchers in Edinburgh found mutations in chromosome 17 involving the p53 gene
- This gene is implicated in various cancers (breast, lung, kidney, brain, skin)
- "At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."
- Dr. Vogelstein hopes to isolate one on chromosome 18

The phrase "rushing to pinpoint" suggests the researchers are working quickly or hurrying to identify these genes. This is about the speed/urgency of their research activity.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=rush%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast | synonyms=hotfoot, hasten, hie, speed, race, pelt along | examples=He rushed down the hall to receive his guests; The cars raced down the street
   - This is about physical movement/motion. The researchers aren't physically moving fast, they're working/acting fast.

2. sense_key=rush%2:33:00:: | definition=attack suddenly
   - This is clearly not right. They're not attacking anything.

3. sense_key=rush%2:30:01:: | definition=urge to an unnatural speed | synonyms=hurry | examples=Don't rush me, please!
   - This is transitive: causing someone else to hurry. "Rushing to pinpoint" - here "rushing" is intransitive (or perhaps part of the progressive aspect of an intransitive verb), describing the researchers' own actions, not urging someone else to speed up.

4. sense_key=rush%2:30:00:: | definition=act or move at high speed | synonyms=hasten, hurry, look sharp, festinate | examples=We have to rush!; hurry--it's late!
   - This fits well: "act... at high speed". The researchers are acting/working at high speed to find these genes. The examples also fit the urgency: "We have to rush!" aligns with the competitive/urgent nature of scientific discovery described.

5. sense_key=rush%2:38:01:: | definition=run with the ball, in football
   - Clearly not relevant to scientific research.

6. sense_key=rush%2:38:10:: | definition=cause to move fast or to rush or race | synonyms=race | examples=The psychologist raced the rats through a long maze
   - This is transitive (causative). The sentence structure "are rushing to pinpoint" suggests the researchers themselves are hurrying, not causing something else to move fast.

7. sense_key=rush%2:36:00:: | definition=cause to occur rapidly | synonyms=induce, stimulate, hasten | examples=the infection precipitated a high fever and allergic reactions
   - This is about causing something to happen rapidly. The researchers aren't causing the pinpointing to occur rapidly in a causative sense (like inducing it), they are themselves acting rapidly to do the pinpointing.

So between senses 1, 4, and possibly 3 or 6 or 7:
- Sense 1 is about physical movement (locomotion), not suitable for research activities.
- Sense 4 is about acting/moving at high speed in general, which fits the context of researchers working urgently.
- Sense 3 is about urging someone else (transitive).
- Sense 4 examples: "We have to rush!" - this fits the competitive race to find genes.

Wait, let me check the WordNet sense numbers. The user provided sense keys with specific indices:
1. rush%2:38:00:: - move fast (physically)
2. rush%2:33:00:: - attack suddenly
3. rush%2:30:01:: - urge to an unnatural speed (transitive)
4. rush%2:30:00:: - act or move at high speed (intransitive)
5. rush%2:38:01:: - run with the ball (football)
6. rush%2:38:10:: - cause to move fast (transitive)
7. rush%2:36:00:: - cause to occur rapidly (transitive)

In the sentence: "the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes."

This is clearly the researchers themselves hurrying to do something. It's intransitive (or at least, the subject is the one performing the action at high speed). It's not about physical locomotion (like running down a hall), but about working/acting quickly.

Sense 4: "act or move at high speed" - this covers acting at high speed, which fits research activity.
Sense 1: "move fast" - this seems more specifically about physical movement/locomotion (based on examples: "rushed down the hall", "cars raced").

Sense 4 is the best fit: the researchers are acting at high speed (hurrying) to find these genes. This is a figurative use of speed/urgency in research work.

The index requested is the number in the list (1-7), not the WordNet sense key itself.

So the answer should be: {"sense_index": 4}

Let me double-check:
- "urging to an unnatural speed" (sense 3) would be "rushing someone to do something" - transitive.
- "cause to move fast" (sense 6) is "rushing the rats" - transitive causative.
- "cause to occur rapidly" (sense 7) - would be something like "rushing the process" or "rushing the development" - transitive.
- "act or move at high speed" (sense 4) - intransitive or reflexive sense of hurrying oneself - fits "are rushing to pinpoint".

Yes, sense 4 is correct.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Researchers in Edinburgh, Scotland, have found that in 23 of 38 breast tumors, one copy of chromosome 17 was mutated at the spot where gene p53 lies. The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint <t>other</t> tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "other" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text discusses tumor-suppressor genes, specifically mentioning p53 gene
 - It mentions that researchers are looking for "other" tumor-suppressor genes
 - The context implies "additional" or "different" tumor-suppressor genes beyond the ones already mentioned (p53)
 - The phrase "other tumor-suppressor genes" suggests genes that are not the same as the ones already discussed (p53)

 Candidate sense analysis:

 1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
    - This fits perfectly. The researchers are looking for tumor-suppressor genes that are not the same as the p53 gene already mentioned. They want additional/different ones.

 2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past
    - This doesn't fit. The context is not about time.

 3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past
    - This doesn't fit. Not about distant past.

 4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected
    - This suggests "strange" or "unusual" otherness. The context doesn't suggest these genes are strange or unusual in a supernatural way, just that they are additional/different from the ones mentioned.

 The best fit is sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied"

 The context mentions p53 gene, and now researchers are looking for "other" (additional/different) tumor-suppressor genes. This matches the definition in sense 1.

 The examples for sense 1 include: "today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works" - which shows "other" meaning additional or different ones.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hope
Target surface form: hopes
Context:
The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein <t>hopes</t> soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hope%2:37:01:: | definition=expect and wish | synonyms=trust, desire | examples=I trust you will behave better from now on; I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise
2. sense_key=hope%2:37:00:: | definition=be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes | examples=I am still hoping that all will turn out well
3. sense_key=hope%2:31:00:: | definition=intend with some possibility of fulfilment | synonyms=go for | examples=I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the target word "hopes" in the given context.

 Target lemma: hope
 Target surface form: hopes
 Context: The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein <t>hopes</t> soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=hope%2:37:01:: | definition=expect and wish | synonyms=trust, desire | examples=I trust you will behave better from now on; I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise
 2. sense_key=hope%2:37:00:: | definition=be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes | examples=I am still hoping that all will turn out well
 3. sense_key=hope%2:31:00:: | definition=intend with some possibility of fulfilment | synonyms=go for | examples=I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening

 Let me analyze the context:
 - Dr. Vogelstein "hopes" soon to isolate one [gene] on chromosome 18
 - The structure is: "hopes" + infinitive phrase "to isolate one on chromosome 18"
 - This indicates an intention or expectation of future action/achievement

 Now let's look at the senses:

 Sense 1 (hope%2:37:01::): "expect and wish" - synonyms: trust, desire
 - Examples show "I hope she understands..." (that she will understand), "I trust you will behave..."
 - This is about wishing for something to happen or expecting something

 Sense 2 (hope%2:37:00::): "be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes"
 - Examples: "I am still hoping that all will turn out well"
 - This is more about the state of being hopeful or optimistic, often used intransitively or with "that" clauses about general outcomes

 Sense 3 (hope%2:31:00::): "intend with some possibility of fulfilment" - synonyms: go for
 - Examples: "I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening"
 - This is specifically about intending to do something, where the subject hopes to accomplish an action themselves

 In the context: "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18"
 - Dr. Vogelstein is the subject
 - He intends/is trying to isolate a gene
 - This is an intention regarding his own future action (isolating the gene)
 - The construction is "hopes to [verb]"

 This matches Sense 3: "intend with some possibility of fulfilment" with the example "I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening"

 Sense 1 could potentially fit ("expect and wish"), but Sense 3 is more specific to the intention of the subject to perform an action. The structure "hope to [verb]" typically maps to sense 3 in WordNet when it means the subject intends/wants to do something.

 Let me double-check the WordNet distinction:
 - Sense 1 (hope%2:37:01): usually "hope that..." or "hope for..." - about desires/expectations for outcomes, often involving others or external events
 - Sense 3 (hope%2:31:00): "hope to [verb]" - about the subject's own intention to do something

 In the sentence, Dr. Vogelstein is expressing his intention to isolate the gene. He is actively working on it ("rushing to pinpoint"), so he intends to do it with some expectation of success.

 Therefore, Sense 3 is the best fit.

 Wait, let me reconsider. The definition for sense 3 is "intend with some possibility of fulfilment". Is Dr. Vogelstein intending to isolate the gene? Yes. Is there a possibility of fulfilment? Yes ("soon").

 Sense 1 is "expect and wish". Does he expect and wish to isolate it? Yes, but the specific syntactic frame "hope to [verb]" strongly correlates with sense 3 in WordNet.

 Also, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 3 example: "I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening" - this is about the subject's own action
 - Sense 1 examples: "I hope she understands..." (about someone else's action), "I trust you will behave..." (about someone else's action)

 So sense 3 is for when the subject hopes to do something themselves, while sense 1 is often for hoping that something happens (possibly by others) or hoping for something.

 Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet:
 - hope.v.01 (hope%2:37:00::): be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes - "I am still hoping that all will turn out well"
 - hope.v.02 (hope%2:37:01::): expect and wish - "I hope she understands that she cannot expect a raise"
 - hope.v.03 (hope%2:31:00::): intend with some possibility of fulfilment - "I hope to have finished this work by tomorrow evening"

 The verb frame is key here. "hopes to isolate" matches "hope to have finished" in sense 3.

 Therefore, the answer is sense_index: 3.

 But wait, I need to be careful. Sometimes "hope to" can be used in sense 1 or 2 as well. But given the specific definition of sense 3 as "intend with some possibility of fulfilment" and the example "I hope to have finished...", this is clearly the correct sense for "hopes to isolate".

 The context also mentions "rushing to pinpoint" which supports the idea of intention/trying to accomplish something.

 Final decision: sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involved
Target surface form: involved
Context:
The scientists say that since breast cancer often strikes multiple members of certain families, the gene, when inherited in a damaged form, may predispose women to the cancer. The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer. In a report out last week, John Minna and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute say that about half the cells taken from lung cancer tissue they tested are missing this gene. There also are reports from several labs, as yet unpublished, of missing p53 genes in tissue taken from kidney, brain and skin cancers. At the same time, the Johns Hopkins team and others are rushing to pinpoint other tumor-suppressor genes. Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also <t>involved</t> in colon cancer. Ray White in Utah and Walter Bodmer, a researcher in Great Britain, are close to finding another gene involved with some types of colon cancer, thought to be on chromosome 5.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired | examples=the difficulties in which the question is involved; brilliant leadership mired in details and confusion
3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate and occasionally devious; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; - Sir Walter Scott | synonyms=Byzantine, convoluted, knotty, tangled, tortuous | examples=the Byzantine tax structure; Byzantine methods for holding on to his chairmanship
5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped | examples=a castle involved in mist; the difficulties in which the question is involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "involved" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about cancer research and genes
 - Specifically: "Dr. Vogelstein hopes soon to isolate one on chromosome 18, also involved in colon cancer."
 - The sentence is saying that chromosome 18 is connected/associated with colon cancer
 - Later in the text: "another gene involved with some types of colon cancer" - this confirms the pattern

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=involved%3:00:00:: | definition=connected by participation or association or use | examples=we accomplished nothing, simply because of the large number of people involved; the problems involved
    - This fits perfectly. The chromosome is connected/associated with colon cancer.

 2. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:encumbered:00 | definition=entangled or hindered as if e.g. in mire | synonyms=mired
    - This suggests being stuck or hindered, which doesn't fit the scientific context of genetic association.

 3. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:attached:01 | definition=emotionally involved
    - This is about emotional attachment, clearly wrong for a chromosome and cancer.

 4. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:complex:00 | definition=highly complex or intricate...
    - This describes complexity, not the relationship between a chromosome and a disease.

 5. sense_key=involved%5:00:00:enclosed:00 | definition=enveloped
    - This suggests being surrounded or wrapped in something, not appropriate here.

 The best sense is clearly sense 1: "connected by participation or association or use". The chromosome is associated with colon cancer - it's implicated in it, connected to it, participating in the disease process.

 The context mentions "implicated" earlier ("The p53 gene has just been implicated in lung cancer"), which supports the interpretation of "involved" here meaning "connected by association/participation".

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.