[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: play
Target surface form: play
Context:
Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not <t>play</t> truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=play%2:33:00:: | definition=participate in games or sport | examples=We played hockey all afternoon; play cards
2. sense_key=play%2:41:12:: | definition=act or have an effect in a specified way or with a specific effect or outcome | examples=This factor played only a minor part in his decision; This development played into her hands
3. sense_key=play%2:36:12:: | definition=play on an instrument | examples=The band played all night long
4. sense_key=play%2:36:02:: | definition=play a role or part | synonyms=act, represent | examples=Gielgud played Hamlet; She wants to act Lady Macbeth, but she is too young for the role
5. sense_key=play%2:41:03:: | definition=be at play; be engaged in playful activity; amuse oneself in a way characteristic of children | examples=The kids were playing outside all day; I used to play with trucks as a little girl
6. sense_key=play%2:36:00:: | definition=replay (as a melody) | synonyms=spiel | examples=Play it again, Sam; She played the third movement very beautifully
7. sense_key=play%2:36:01:: | definition=perform music on (a musical instrument) | examples=He plays the flute; Can you play on this old recorder?
8. sense_key=play%2:29:01:: | definition=pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind | synonyms=act, act as | examples=He acted the idiot; She plays deaf when the news are bad
9. sense_key=play%2:38:00:: | definition=move or seem to move quickly, lightly, or irregularly | examples=The spotlights played on the politicians
10. sense_key=play%2:33:01:: | definition=bet or wager (money) | examples=He played $20 on the new horse; She plays the races
11. sense_key=play%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in recreational activities rather than work; occupy oneself in a diversion | synonyms=recreate | examples=On weekends I play; The students all recreate alike
12. sense_key=play%2:36:06:: | definition=pretend to be somebody in the framework of a game or playful activity | examples=Let's play like I am mommy; Play cowboy and Indians
13. sense_key=play%2:36:11:: | definition=emit recorded sound | examples=The tape was playing for hours; the stereo was playing Beethoven when I entered
14. sense_key=play%2:36:03:: | definition=perform on a certain location | examples=The prodigy played Carnegie Hall at the age of 16; She has been playing on Broadway for years
15. sense_key=play%2:33:03:: | definition=put (a card or piece) into play during a game, or act strategically as if in a card game | examples=He is playing his cards close to his chest; The Democrats still have some cards to play before they will concede the electoral victory
16. sense_key=play%2:29:00:: | definition=engage in an activity as if it were a game rather than take it seriously | synonyms=toy | examples=They played games on their opponents; play the stock market
17. sense_key=play%2:41:02:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=play safe; play it safe
18. sense_key=play%2:36:05:: | definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video | synonyms=run | examples=They ran the tapes over and over again; I'll play you my favorite record
19. sense_key=play%2:35:00:: | definition=manipulate manually or in one's mind or imagination | synonyms=toy, fiddle, diddle | examples=She played nervously with her wedding ring; Don't fiddle with the screws
20. sense_key=play%2:34:13:: | definition=use to one's advantage | examples=She plays on her clients' emotions
21. sense_key=play%2:31:01:: | definition=consider not very seriously | synonyms=dally, trifle | examples=He is trifling with her; She plays with the thought of moving to Tasmania
22. sense_key=play%2:42:00:: | definition=be received or accepted or interpreted in a specific way | examples=This speech didn't play well with the American public; His remarks played to the suspicions of the committee
23. sense_key=play%2:41:13:: | definition=behave carelessly or indifferently | synonyms=dally, toy, flirt | examples=Play about with a young girl's affection
24. sense_key=play%2:38:03:: | definition=cause to move or operate freely within a bounded space | examples=The engine has a wheel that is playing in a rack
25. sense_key=play%2:36:10:: | definition=perform on a stage or theater | synonyms=act, roleplay, playact | examples=She acts in this play; He acted in `Julius Caesar'
26. sense_key=play%2:36:04:: | definition=be performed or presented for public viewing | examples=What's playing in the local movie theater?; `Cats' has been playing on Broadway for many years
27. sense_key=play%2:36:13:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=bring, work, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
28. sense_key=play%2:35:07:: | definition=discharge or direct or be discharged or directed as if in a continuous stream | examples=play water from a hose; The fountains played all day
29. sense_key=play%2:33:07:: | definition=make bets | examples=Play the races; play the casinos in Trouville
30. sense_key=play%2:33:08:: | definition=stake on the outcome of an issue | synonyms=bet, wager | examples=I bet $100 on that new horse; She played all her money on the dark horse
31. sense_key=play%2:33:09:: | definition=shoot or hit in a particular manner | examples=She played a good backhand last night
32. sense_key=play%2:33:13:: | definition=use or move | examples=I had to play my queen
33. sense_key=play%2:33:12:: | definition=employ in a game or in a specific position | examples=They played him on first base
34. sense_key=play%2:33:02:: | definition=contend against an opponent in a sport, game, or battle | synonyms=meet, encounter, take on | examples=Princeton plays Yale this weekend; Charlie likes to play Mary
35. sense_key=play%2:29:04:: | definition=exhaust by allowing to pull on the line | examples=play a hooked fish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "play" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "They should see to it that their kids do not <t>play</t> truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card."

 The phrase is "play truant". This is an idiom meaning to stay away from school without permission, to skip school.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=play%2:33:00:: | definition=participate in games or sport - Not this one.
 2. sense_key=play%2:41:12:: | definition=act or have an effect in a specified way... - Not this.
 3. sense_key=play%2:36:12:: | definition=play on an instrument - No.
 4. sense_key=play%2:36:02:: | definition=play a role or part - No.
 5. sense_key=play%2:41:03:: | definition=be at play; be engaged in playful activity... - No.
 6. sense_key=play%2:36:00:: | definition=replay (as a melody) - No.
 7. sense_key=play%2:36:01:: | definition=perform music on (a musical instrument) - No.
 8. sense_key=play%2:29:01:: | definition=pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind - No.
 9. sense_key=play%2:38:00:: | definition=move or seem to move quickly... - No.
 10. sense_key=play%2:33:01:: | definition=bet or wager (money) - No.
 11. sense_key=play%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in recreational activities rather than work... - No.
 12. sense_key=play%2:36:06:: | definition=pretend to be somebody in the framework of a game... - No.
 13. sense_key=play%2:36:11:: | definition=emit recorded sound - No.
 14. sense_key=play%2:36:03:: | definition=perform on a certain location - No.
 15. sense_key=play%2:33:03:: | definition=put (a card or piece) into play during a game... - No.
 16. sense_key=play%2:29:00:: | definition=engage in an activity as if it were a game... - No.
 17. sense_key=play%2:41:02:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=play safe; play it safe - This is close! "Play truant" is similar to "play safe" - it's about behaving in a certain way.
 18. sense_key=play%2:36:05:: | definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video - No.
 19. sense_key=play%2:35:00:: | definition=manipulate manually or in one's mind... - No.
 20. sense_key=play%2:34:13:: | definition=use to one's advantage - No.
 21. sense_key=play%2:31:01:: | definition=consider not very seriously - No.
 22. sense_key=play%2:42:00:: | definition=be received or accepted... - No.
 23. sense_key=play%2:41:13:: | definition=behave carelessly or indifferently - "Play truant" could be seen as behaving carelessly, but the specific idiom is more about the act of skipping school.
 24. sense_key=play%2:38:03:: | definition=cause to move or operate freely... - No.
 25. sense_key=play%2:36:10:: | definition=perform on a stage or theater - No.
 26. sense_key=play%2:36:04:: | definition=be performed or presented... - No.
 27. sense_key=play%2:36:13:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence - No.
 28. sense_key=play%2:35:07:: | definition=discharge or direct... - No.
 29. sense_key=play%2:33:07:: | definition=make bets - No.
 30. sense_key=play%2:33:08:: | definition=stake on the outcome of an issue - No.
 31. sense_key=play%2:33:09:: | definition=shoot or hit in a particular manner - No.
 32. sense_key=play%2:33:13:: | definition=use or move - No.
 33. sense_key=play%2:33:12:: | definition=employ in a game or in a specific position - No.
 34. sense_key=play%2:33:02:: | definition=contend against an opponent... - No.
 35. sense_key=play%2:29:04:: | definition=exhaust by allowing to pull on the line - No.

 Wait, I need to look more carefully. "Play truant" is a specific idiom. In WordNet, "play" in "play truant" might be mapped to a specific sense.

 Let me reconsider sense 17: "behave in a certain way" with examples "play safe; play it safe".

 And sense 23: "behave carelessly or indifferently" with examples "Play about with a young girl's affection".

 Actually, looking at the idiom "play truant", it means to be truant, to stay away from school. The word "play" here is used in the sense of "to act as" or "to behave as" or perhaps "to engage in".

 But looking at the candidate list, sense 17 seems the most promising: "behave in a certain way" with examples including "play safe" and "play it safe". "Play truant" fits this pattern of "play + adjective/adverb" meaning to behave in that way.

 However, I should check if there's a more specific sense. "Truant" is not listed in any of the examples.

 Let me think about the semantics. "Play truant" means to be absent from school without permission. The verb "play" here is part of a collocation.

 In WordNet, sense 17 (play%2:41:02::) is defined as "behave in a certain way" and has the examples "play safe; play it safe". This seems to be the sense used for idioms like "play dead", "play possum", "play hard to get", etc.

 "Play truant" would fit here - it means to behave as a truant, to be truant.

 Sense 23 is "behave carelessly or indifferently" which is more specific and doesn't quite fit "truant" (which is about absence, not necessarily carelessness).

 So sense 17 (index 17) seems the best fit.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists them as 1, 2, 3... so I need to return the index number.

 Sense 17 is: sense_key=play%2:41:02::

 But let me double-check if there's any other sense that could fit.

 Sense 5: "be at play; be engaged in playful activity" - no, truancy isn't playful.
 Sense 11: "engage in recreational activities" - no.
 Sense 16: "engage in an activity as if it were a game" - no.

 Actually, looking at WordNet data (from my training), "play" in "play truant" is often associated with sense 17 or similar.

 But let me reconsider. Is there a sense about "feigning" or "pretending"? Sense 8 is "pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind". But "play truant" isn't pretending - it's actually being absent.

 Sense 12 is "pretend to be somebody in the framework of a game" - no.

 So sense 17 "behave in a certain way" with the pattern "play [adjective/adverb]" seems correct.

 The index is 17.

 Wait, I should verify the exact indexing in the list provided:

 1. sense_key=play%2:33:00::
 2. sense_key=play%2:41:12::
 3. sense_key=play%2:36:12::
 4. sense_key=play%2:36:02::
 5. sense_key=play%2:41:03::
 6. sense_key=play%2:36:00::
 7. sense_key=play%2:36:01::
 8. sense_key=play%2:29:01::
 9. sense_key=play%2:38:00::
 10. sense_key=play%2:33:01::
 11. sense_key=play%2:41:00::
 12. sense_key=play%2:36:06::
 13. sense_key=play%2:36:11::
 14. sense_key=play%2:36:03::
 15. sense_key=play%2:33:03::
 16. sense_key=play%2:29:00::
 17. sense_key=play%2:41:02::
 18. sense_key=play%2:36:05::
 19. sense_key=play%2:35:00::
 20. sense_key=play%2:34:13::
 21. sense_key=play%2:31:01::
 22. sense_key=play%2:42:00::
 23. sense_key=play%2:41:13::
 24. sense_key=play%2:38:03::
 25. sense_key=play%2:36:10::
 26. sense_key=play%2:36:04::
 27. sense_key=play%2:36:13::
 28. sense_key=play%2:35:07::
 29. sense_key=play%2:33:07::
 30. sense_key=play%2:33:08::
 31. sense_key=play%2:33:09::
 32. sense_key=play%2:33:13::
 33. sense_key=play%2:33:12::
 34. sense_key=play%2:33:02::
 35. sense_key=play%2:29:04::

 Yes, sense 17 is play%2:41:02:: "behave in a certain way".

 This is the correct sense for "play truant".

 Actually, I want to double-check by looking at how "play truant" is typically analyzed. In many lexical resources, "play" in "play truant" is considered to be in the sense of "to act the part of" or "to behave as". This aligns with sense 17.

 Some might argue it's sense 4 "play a role or part", but that's specifically for acting/theater roles (Gielgud played Hamlet).

 Sense 17 is specifically for behavioral patterns: play safe, play it safe, play dead, play possum, play hard to get, play truant.

 Therefore, the answer is index 17.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the <t>children</t> spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "children" (lemma "child") in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses education, schooling, parents, and children.
 - Key phrases: "their children's education", "their kids", "the children spend enough time doing homework", "scrutinize the report card"
 - The context is about parents being involved with their offspring's education at home.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
    - This sense refers to young people in general, not necessarily one's own offspring.

 2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
    - This sense emphasizes the relationship of being someone's offspring (son or daughter).
    - The context mentions "their children", "parents... their children", which emphasizes the parent-offspring relationship.

 3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
    - This is about being childish/immature, not applicable here.

 4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel
    - This is a metaphorical/religious usage (like "children of Israel"), not applicable here.

 The context is clearly about parents and their offspring. The phrase "their children" appears multiple times, emphasizing the relationship between parents and their offspring. While sense 1 could work (referring to young people), sense 2 is more specific and accurate because:
 - The text discusses "parents" and "their children"
 - It mentions sending "their kids" to college (which matches example 2: "they were able to send their kids to college")
 - It emphasizes the parent-offspring relationship in an educational context

 However, looking closely at the specific instance: "they should make certain that the <t>children</t> spend enough time doing homework"

 Wait, looking at the broader context again:
 - "Parents should be involved with their children's education at home..."
 - "They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework..."

 The target is "children" in the phrase "the children". But the antecedent is "their kids" and "parents... their children". So it's referring to the offspring of the parents mentioned.

 Sense 1 (child%1:18:00::) is the general sense of a young person.
 Sense 2 (child%1:18:01::) is specifically about being a human offspring.

 In WordNet, these are distinct:
 - Sense 1: young person (hypernym: juvenile, juvenile person)
 - Sense 2: offspring (hypernym: offspring, progeny)

 Given the context emphasizes the relationship between parents and their offspring (not just any young people), sense 2 is more appropriate. The examples for sense 2 include "they had three children" and "send their kids to college", which aligns with the educational context and the possessive relationship implied by "their" (even though the target is "the children", the antecedent establishes whose children).

 Actually, looking at the exact sentence: "they should make certain that the <t>children</t> spend enough time doing homework"

 The "the" here refers back to "their kids" mentioned earlier in the sentence ("their kids do not play truant"). So it's referring to the offspring of the parents.

 Therefore, sense 2 (child%1:18:01::) is the best choice.

 But let me double-check. Could it be sense 1? Sense 1 examples: "she writes books for children" - this is general children. "they're just kids" - general.

 The text is specifically about parents managing their own children's education, not children in general. The possessive relationship is strong throughout the paragraph.

 So the answer should be index 2.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=child%1:18:00::
 2. sense_key=child%1:18:01::
 3. sense_key=child%1:18:06::
 4. sense_key=child%1:18:07::

 So sense 2 corresponds to index 2.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 indexing:
 - child%1:18:00:: is usually the first sense (young person)
 - child%1:18:01:: is usually the second sense (offspring)

 Yes, that matches the ordering here.

 So the answer is {"sense_index": 2}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: spend
Target surface form: spend
Context:
Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children <t>spend</t> enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=spend%2:42:00:: | definition=pass time in a specific way | synonyms=pass | examples=how are you spending your summer vacation?
2. sense_key=spend%2:40:00:: | definition=pay out | synonyms=expend, drop | examples=spend money
3. sense_key=spend%2:40:01:: | definition=spend completely | examples=I spend my pocket money in two days

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "spend" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "They should make certain that the children <t>spend</t> enough time doing homework"

 The context is about parental involvement in education. Parents should ensure children:
 1. Don't play truant
 2. Spend enough time doing homework
 3. Scrutinize the report card

 The phrase is "spend enough time doing homework". This clearly relates to time, not money.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=spend%2:42:00:: | definition=pass time in a specific way | synonyms=pass | examples=how are you spending your summer vacation?
 - This sense is about passing time, using time for a specific activity.
 - The example "how are you spending your summer vacation?" matches the pattern "spend time doing something".
 - In the context: "spend enough time doing homework" - this means passing time doing homework, allocating time to homework.

 2. sense_key=spend%2:40:00:: | definition=pay out | synonyms=expend, drop | examples=spend money
 - This is about money/expenditure.
 - The context is about time, not money. So this is incorrect.

 3. sense_key=spend%2:40:01:: | definition=spend completely | examples=I spend my pocket money in two days
 - This also seems to be about money/resources (pocket money example).
 - Also, "spend completely" doesn't fit well with "spend enough time doing homework" in the sense of depleting time completely.

 The correct sense is clearly sense 1: "pass time in a specific way" / "pass".
 The phrase "spend time" is the key collocation here.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough <t>time</t> doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "time" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough <t>time</t> doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card."

Here, "time" refers to a period or duration that children should allocate/spend on doing homework. It's about a resource or quantity of time.

Let's look at the candidates:

1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
- This is about specific occasions/iterations. Not fitting.

2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
- This fits very well. "Spend enough time doing homework" implies time as a resource that can be allocated/controlled. The example "I didn't have time to finish" is similar to "spend enough time doing homework."

3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
- This is more about a general duration or era. While "a long time" is similar, the specific context of "spend enough time" emphasizes time as a controllable resource rather than just an indefinite period.

4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
- Not fitting. Not about a specific moment.

5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience...
- Too abstract/philosophical. Not fitting.

6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion
- Not fitting.

7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock
- Not fitting. Not about clock time.

8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate...
- Physics term. Not fitting.

9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm...
- Not fitting.

10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned
- Not fitting.

Between sense 2 and sense 3:
Sense 2: "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something"
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)"

The phrase "spend enough time" strongly suggests time as a resource that can be spent. This aligns perfectly with sense 2. The example "take time to smell the roses" and "I didn't have time to finish" both involve time as something you have/spend/use.

Sense 3 examples: "he waited a long time" (duration), "the time of year for planting" (season/period). These don't capture the resource aspect as well.

Therefore, the best sense is index 2.

Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists them as 1-10. I need to return the index number.

Candidate 2 is:
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish

Yes, this is the best fit.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: scrutinize
Target surface form: scrutinize
Context:
Whether desirable or not, this is a child-care program, not an educational program. We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should <t>scrutinize</t> the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=scrutinize%2:39:00:: | definition=to look at critically or searchingly, or in minute detail | synonyms=size up, take stock, scrutinise | examples=he scrutinized his likeness in the mirror
2. sense_key=scrutinize%2:31:00:: | definition=examine carefully for accuracy with the intent of verification | synonyms=audit, scrutinise, inspect | examples=audit accounts and tax returns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "scrutinize" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The passage is about education and parental involvement
 - The specific sentence: "They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card."
 - Parents are being advised to look at/report cards carefully

 Now let's look at the two candidate senses:

 Sense 1: scrutinize%2:39:00::
 - Definition: to look at critically or searchingly, or in minute detail
 - Synonyms: size up, take stock, scrutinise
 - Example: "he scrutinized his likeness in the mirror"
 - This seems to be about looking at something visually/physically in detail

 Sense 2: scrutinize%2:31:00::
 - Definition: examine carefully for accuracy with the intent of verification
 - Synonyms: audit, scrutinise, inspect
 - Examples: audit accounts and tax returns
 - This seems to be about examining documents/records for accuracy/verification

 In the context:
 - Parents are looking at report cards
 - Report cards are documents that contain grades/performance metrics
 - The intent is to check the child's academic performance/accuracy of the grades
 - This aligns with "examine carefully for accuracy with the intent of verification" (Sense 2) rather than just "look at critically... in minute detail" (Sense 1)

 While both could potentially fit, Sense 2 is more specific to examining documents/records for verification purposes (like auditing accounts or tax returns), which parallels examining report cards. Sense 1 is more about visual inspection or looking at appearance.

 The example for Sense 2 mentions "audit accounts and tax returns" - report cards are similar to accounts in that they record performance data that should be checked for accuracy.

 Therefore, Sense 2 (scrutinize%2:31:00::) is the better fit.

 Wait, I need to check the sense indices. The user asks for a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}, but the candidates are numbered 1 and 2. So I should return {"sense_index": 2} for the second sense.

 Let me double-check:
 - Sense 1: scrutinize%2:39:00:: (look at critically/searchingly)
 - Sense 2: scrutinize%2:31:00:: (examine carefully for accuracy with intent of verification)

 Context: Parents should scrutinize report cards.
 - Report cards are official documents recording academic performance
 - Parents examine them to verify grades, check for problems, ensure accuracy
 - This matches "examine carefully for accuracy with the intent of verification" better than just looking at something in minute detail.

 Also, the synonyms for Sense 2 include "audit" and "inspect" - both apply to examining official documents like report cards. The synonyms for Sense 1 include "size up" and "take stock" which are more about assessing appearance or general situation.

 So the answer should be sense_index 2.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If <t>parents</t> are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "parents" in the given context.

 Target lemma: parent
 Target surface form: parents
 Context: The text discusses education, schooling, parental involvement in children's education, parents blaming schools, parents being involved at home, checking report cards, switching schools, etc.

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
 2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

 Analysis:
 - Sense 1 refers to human parents (father or mother) - this is clearly the meaning intended in the context about education, schooling, and children's academic performance.
 - Sense 2 refers to biological organisms (plants or animals) - this is clearly not the meaning here, as the text is discussing human education systems, schools, report cards, etc.

 The context explicitly mentions:
 - "Parental involvement"
 - "Parents are too likely to blame schools"
 - "Parents should be involved with their children's education"
 - "their kids do not play truant"
 - "children spend enough time doing homework"
 - "scrutinize the report card"
 - "switching to another [school]"

 All of these refer to human parents of school-age children.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (parent%1:18:00::).

 The user wants the output as a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me check the instructions again:
 "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 So I need to return the index number. Sense 1 is the first one listed, so index 1.

 Actually, looking at the format: "sense_key=parent%1:18:00::" - this is sense 1 in the list provided.
 "sense_key=parent%1:03:00::" - this is sense 2 in the list provided.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me double-check:
 - The context is clearly about human parents and education.
 - Sense 1: father or mother (human)
 - Sense 2: organism (biological, not human-specific in the sense of family relationship)

 Definitely sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: option
Target surface form: option
Context:
We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the <t>option</t> of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=option%1:21:00:: | definition=the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited
2. sense_key=option%1:09:00:: | definition=one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen | synonyms=alternative, choice | examples=what option did I have?; there no other alternative
3. sense_key=option%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of choosing or selecting | synonyms=choice, selection, pick | examples=your choice of colors was unfortunate; you can take your pick

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "option" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another."
 - The meaning here is that parents should have the ability/choice/possibility to switch to another school if they are unhappy with the current one.

 Candidate senses analysis:
 1. sense_key=option%1:21:00:: - This is the financial/stock market definition: "the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price..." This doesn't fit the educational context about switching schools.

 2. sense_key=option%1:09:00:: - "one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen" with synonyms "alternative, choice". Examples: "what option did I have?"; "there no other alternative". This seems to fit. Parents should have the alternative/choice of switching schools.

 3. sense_key=option%1:04:00:: - "the act of choosing or selecting" with synonyms "choice, selection, pick". Examples: "your choice of colors was unfortunate"; "you can take your pick". This refers to the act/process of selecting, whereas the context refers to having the possibility/alternative available (a noun referring to the thing that can be chosen, not the act of choosing).

 Comparing sense 2 and sense 3:
 - Sense 2 (option%1:09:00::) refers to "one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen" - this is about the availability of an alternative. "Switching to another school" is the option/alternative available to parents.
 - Sense 3 (option%1:04:00::) refers to "the act of choosing or selecting" - this would be the action of switching, but the phrase "have the option of" suggests having the right/possibility/choice (noun referring to the alternative), not performing the act of selecting.

 In "have the option of switching", "option" means they have the alternative/choice available to them. This aligns with sense 2 (alternative, choice).

 The phrase "have the option" is commonly used to mean "have the choice/alternative" which matches sense 2.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 2 (option%1:09:00::).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=option%1:21:00::
 2. sense_key=option%1:09:00::
 3. sense_key=option%1:04:00::

 So sense_index would be 2.

 Let me double-check:
 - Sense 1: Financial option (stock option) - clearly wrong.
 - Sense 2: "one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen" - this is the "alternative/choice" sense.
 - Sense 3: "the act of choosing or selecting" - this is the "selection" sense.

 In the sentence "they should have the option of switching to another", "option" refers to the possibility/alternative of switching, not the act of switching itself. You "have an option" (possess a choice), you don't "have an act of choosing" in this context. The construction "have the option of [gerund]" clearly uses "option" as a noun meaning "alternative" or "choice".

 Also, the synonyms for sense 2 include "alternative, choice" which fits perfectly. The example "what option did I have?" is semantically similar to "they should have the option".

 So the answer is sense_index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: switch
Target surface form: switching
Context:
We know that very early exposure to schooling improves performance in the first grade, but afterward the difference is quickly washed away. Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of <t>switching</t> to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=switch%2:30:03:: | definition=change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence | synonyms=switch over, exchange
2. sense_key=switch%2:40:00:: | definition=exchange or give (something) in exchange for | synonyms=trade, swap, swop
3. sense_key=switch%2:30:02:: | definition=lay aside, abandon, or leave for another | synonyms=shift, change | examples=switch to a different brand of beer; She switched psychiatrists
4. sense_key=switch%2:30:01:: | definition=make a shift in or exchange of | synonyms=change over, shift | examples=First Joe led; then we switched
5. sense_key=switch%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation | synonyms=throw, flip | examples=switch on the light; throw the lever
6. sense_key=switch%2:35:03:: | definition=flog with or as if with a flexible rod
7. sense_key=switch%2:30:00:: | definition=reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action) | synonyms=interchange, tack, alternate, flip, flip-flop

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "switching" (lemma: switch) in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of <t>switching</t> to another."
 Here, parents are moving their children from one school to another - essentially changing from one option to another (changing schools).

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. sense_key=switch%2:30:03:: | definition=change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence | synonyms=switch over, exchange
 2. sense_key=switch%2:40:00:: | definition=exchange or give (something) in exchange for | synonyms=trade, swap, swop
 3. sense_key=switch%2:30:02:: | definition=lay aside, abandon, or leave for another | synonyms=shift, change | examples=switch to a different brand of beer; She switched psychiatrists
 4. sense_key=switch%2:30:01:: | definition=make a shift in or exchange of | synonyms=change over, shift | examples=First Joe led; then we switched
 5. sense_key=switch%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to go on or to be engaged or set in operation | synonyms=throw, flip | examples=switch on the light; throw the lever
 6. sense_key=switch%2:35:03:: | definition=flog with or as if with a flexible rod
 7. sense_key=switch%2:30:00:: | definition=reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action) | synonyms=interchange, tack, alternate, flip, flip-flop

 Looking at the context: "switching to another [school]" - this is about changing from one school to another, abandoning one for another.

 Sense 3 looks very promising: "lay aside, abandon, or leave for another" with synonyms "shift, change" and examples "switch to a different brand of beer; She switched psychiatrists". This matches perfectly - switching from one school to another is like switching to a different brand or switching psychiatrists.

 Sense 1: "change over, change around, as to a new order or sequence" - this seems more about reordering or exchanging positions/sequences, not about moving from one entity to another.

 Sense 2: "exchange or give (something) in exchange for" - this implies trading/swap, which could work but the example context is more about substitution/moving to a new one rather than exchanging one for another in a reciprocal way.

 Sense 4: "make a shift in or exchange of" with example "First Joe led; then we switched" - this is about exchanging roles/positions rather than moving to a different institution.

 Sense 5: This is about activating/turning on (switch on the light) - clearly not applicable.

 Sense 6: Flogging - clearly not applicable.

 Sense 7: Reverse (a direction, attitude, or course of action) - this is about reversing or alternating, not about moving to a different school.

 The best fit is Sense 3: "lay aside, abandon, or leave for another" - exactly what happens when parents move their child from one school to another.

 The index in the list provided is 3.

 So the answer should be: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: community
Target surface form: Community
Context:
Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "<t>Community</t> involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=community%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people living in a particular local area | examples=the team is drawn from all parts of the community
2. sense_key=community%1:21:00:: | definition=common ownership | examples=they shared a community of possessions
3. sense_key=community%1:14:04:: | definition=a group of nations having common interests | examples=they hoped to join the NATO community
4. sense_key=community%1:26:00:: | definition=agreement as to goals | synonyms=community of interests | examples=the preachers and the bootleggers found they had a community of interests
5. sense_key=community%1:15:00:: | definition=a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences | synonyms=residential district, residential area
6. sense_key=community%1:14:02:: | definition=(ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other | synonyms=biotic community

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "community" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The text discusses education reforms. It mentions "Parental involvement" is a bad idea, and then says "<t>Community</t> involvement" is an even worse idea. It references "the experience of New York City is decisive."

 The phrase "Community involvement" in the context of education reform and schools suggests involvement of the local community (people living in the area) in school affairs.

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=community%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people living in a particular local area | examples=the team is drawn from all parts of the community
    - This fits well. "Community involvement" would mean involvement by the people living in the local area (the community) in school matters.

 2. sense_key=community%1:21:00:: | definition=common ownership | examples=they shared a community of possessions
    - Doesn't fit. Not about ownership.

 3. sense_key=community%1:14:04:: | definition=a group of nations having common interests | examples=they hoped to join the NATO community
    - Doesn't fit. Not about nations.

 4. sense_key=community%1:26:00:: | definition=agreement as to goals | synonyms=community of interests | examples=the preachers and the bootleggers found they had a community of interests
    - This is "community of interests", not just "community involvement" in the sense of local people participating.

 5. sense_key=community%1:15:00:: | definition=a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences | synonyms=residential district, residential area
    - This refers to a physical place/district. While related, "community involvement" typically refers to the people (sense 1), not the district itself. The gloss says "a district where people live" which is a location, not the group of people. However, sense 1 is "a group of people living in a particular local area" which matches "community involvement" (involvement by the group of people).

 6. sense_key=community%1:14:02:: | definition=(ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other | synonyms=biotic community
    - Biological sense, doesn't fit.

 So the choice is between sense 1 and sense 5. Sense 1 is about the group of people. Sense 5 is about the district/area.

 "Community involvement" in education contexts refers to the participation of community members (parents, local residents, local businesses, etc.) in school activities and decision-making. This aligns with sense 1: "a group of people living in a particular local area."

 The example for sense 1: "the team is drawn from all parts of the community" - this shows community as people from an area.

 The text contrasts "Parental involvement" with "Community involvement". Parents are individuals, community is the broader group of people in the local area.

 Therefore, sense index 1 is the best choice.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices provided:
 1. sense_key=community%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=community%1:21:00::
 3. sense_key=community%1:14:04::
 4. sense_key=community%1:26:00::
 5. sense_key=community%1:15:00::
 6. sense_key=community%1:14:02::

 So I need to return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Actually, looking carefully at sense 5: "a district where people live; occupied primarily by private residences" - this is more like "neighborhood" or "residential area". While "community" can refer to a place, in "community involvement", it's clearly referring to the people.

 Also, the mention of "New York City" suggests a specific local area, reinforcing the "local area" aspect of sense 1.

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: even
Target surface form: even
Context:
Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an <t>even</t> worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "even" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "Community involvement" is an even worse idea.
 - The structure is: "even" + comparative adjective ("worse")
 - This is comparing "Community involvement" to "Parental involvement" (which was mentioned as a bad idea in the previous sentence)
 - The meaning is that community involvement is worse to a greater degree than parental involvement

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
    - This sense is about emphasizing something unexpected or surprising. The example "even an idiot knows that" shows this usage.
    - In our context, "even worse" is not about something unexpected, but about degree/comparison.

 2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
    - This is the concessive sense (similar to "although").
    - Our context doesn't show concession/contrast in that way.

 3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
    - This matches perfectly. The example "looked sick and felt even worse" is almost identical to our context "is an even worse idea".
    - The definition mentions "used with comparisons" and "to a greater degree or extent".
    - The synonyms are "yet" and "still".
    - This is the comparative sense of "even".

 4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death
    - This is about extent/degree but in a different way (unto death = completely).
    - Doesn't fit with "worse" which is comparative.

 The best match is sense 3: "to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons"

 The context shows:
 - "Parental involvement" is a bad idea (first mentioned)
 - "Community involvement" is an even worse idea (comparative - worse than the first one)

 This aligns with the example given in sense 3: "looked sick and felt even worse"

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 3}

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worse
Target surface form: worse
Context:
Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even <t>worse</t> idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worse%3:00:00:: | definition=(comparative of `bad') inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability | examples=this road is worse than the first one we took; the road is in worse shape than it was
2. sense_key=worse%3:00:02:: | definition=changed for the worse in health or fitness | synonyms=worsened | examples=I feel worse today; her cold is worse
3. sense_key=bad%3:00:00:: | definition=having undesirable or negative qualities | synonyms=bad | examples=a bad report card; his sloppy appearance made a bad impression
4. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=very intense | synonyms=bad, big | examples=a bad headache; in a big rage
5. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:uncomfortable:00 | definition=feeling physical discomfort or pain (`tough' is occasionally used colloquially for `bad') | synonyms=bad, tough | examples=my throat feels bad; she felt bad all over
6. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:stale:00 | definition=(of foodstuffs) not in an edible or usable condition | synonyms=bad, spoiled, spoilt | examples=bad meat; a refrigerator full of spoilt food
7. sense_key=regretful%3:00:00:: | definition=feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or undone | synonyms=regretful, sorry, bad | examples=felt regretful over his vanished youth; regretful over mistakes she had made
8. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:invalid:00 | definition=not capable of being collected | synonyms=bad, uncollectible | examples=a bad (or uncollectible) debt
9. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=below average in quality or performance | synonyms=bad | examples=a bad chess player; a bad recital
10. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:nonstandard:03 | definition=nonstandard | synonyms=bad | examples=so-called bad grammar
11. sense_key=bad%5:00:02:unsound:00 | definition=not financially safe or secure | synonyms=bad, risky, high-risk, speculative | examples=a bad investment; high risk investments
12. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:unhealthy:00 | definition=physically unsound or diseased | synonyms=bad, unfit, unsound | examples=has a bad back; a bad heart
13. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:harmful:00 | definition=capable of harming | synonyms=bad | examples=bad air; smoking is bad for you
14. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:evil:00 | definition=characterized by wickedness or immorality | synonyms=bad | examples=led a very bad life
15. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:counterfeit:00 | definition=reproduced fraudulently | synonyms=bad, forged | examples=like a bad penny...; a forged twenty dollar bill
16. sense_key=bad%5:00:00:malfunctioning:00 | definition=not working properly | synonyms=bad, defective | examples=a bad telephone connection; a defective appliance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "worse" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text discusses education reforms
 - It mentions "Parental involvement" is a bad idea
 - Then it says "Community involvement" is an even <t>worse</t> idea
 - This is a comparative structure: "even worse" comparing "Community involvement" to "Parental involvement"
 - Both are being evaluated as ideas/reforms
 - The comparison suggests that community involvement is inferior in quality or desirability compared to parental involvement (which is already deemed bad)

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=worse%3:00:00:: | definition=(comparative of `bad') inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability | examples=this road is worse than the first one we took; the road is in worse shape than it was
 2. sense_key=worse%3:00:02:: | definition=changed for the worse in health or fitness | synonyms=worsened | examples=I feel worse today; her cold is worse
 3-16. These are all senses of "bad", not "worse". The target lemma is "worse", so senses 3-16 are actually senses of "bad", not "worse". However, since "worse" is the comparative form of "bad", these might be relevant in terms of the underlying meaning, but the specific sense keys for "worse" itself are only 1 and 2.

 Sense 1: Comparative of 'bad', meaning inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability. This fits perfectly - "Community involvement" is being compared to "Parental involvement" and deemed inferior (even worse).

 Sense 2: Changed for the worse in health or fitness. This is about health conditions getting worse, not applicable here.

 The other senses (3-16) are actually senses of "bad" (the lemma is "bad", not "worse"), though they share the same word form in some cases or are related. But the target lemma is "worse", so I should focus on senses 1 and 2.

 Between sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1 is the general comparative meaning of "inferior in quality or desirability"
 - Sense 2 is specifically about health/fitness deteriorating

 The context is about ideas (education reforms), not health. The structure "even worse" is comparing two ideas and saying the second is inferior to the first.

 Therefore, sense 1 (worse%3:00:00::) is the correct choice.

 The user asks for the output format: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=worse%3:00:00:: ...
 2. sense_key=worse%3:00:02:: ...
 3. sense_key=bad%3:00:00:: ...
 ...

 So sense_index should be 1.

 But I need to be careful - are senses 3-16 actually valid candidates for the lemma "worse"? Technically, "worse" is the comparative of "bad", so in WordNet, "worse" might be linked to "bad" senses. However, looking at the sense keys:
 - Sense 1: worse%3:00:00::
 - Sense 2: worse%3:00:02::
 - Sense 3: bad%3:00:00::
 - Sense 4: bad%5:00:00:intense:00
 - etc.

 The target lemma is "worse". In WordNet, "worse" is a separate adjective entry (and adverb), but it is the comparative form of "bad". However, the specific sense keys provided suggest that senses 3-16 are actually senses of the lemma "bad", not "worse". But since "worse" derives from "bad", and the gloss for sense 1 explicitly mentions "(comparative of `bad')", these are distinct.

 Actually, looking carefully at WordNet structure:
 - "worse" is an adjective and adverb
 - Sense 1 of worse corresponds to "inferior to another"
 - Sense 2 of worse corresponds to "deteriorated in health"

 The other entries are for the lemma "bad", not "worse". But the question asks for the target lemma "worse", so I should pick between 1 and 2.

 However, sometimes in WSD tasks, they include related senses or the base form senses. But given the explicit sense keys showing "bad%" for items 3-16, and "worse%" for items 1-2, and the instruction that the target lemma is "worse", the answer should be either 1 or 2.

 Context: "Community involvement is an even worse idea."
 This is comparing "Community involvement" to "Parental involvement" (which was discussed in the previous sentence as "a bad idea").
 So "worse" here means "more bad" or "inferior in quality/desirability".

 This matches sense 1 perfectly: "(comparative of `bad') inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability".

 Sense 2 is about health: "changed for the worse in health or fitness" - not applicable.

 Therefore, the answer is sense_index 1.

 Wait, I should verify if there's any trick here. The phrase "even worse" is an intensified comparative. The word "worse" is modifying "idea". An "idea" can be bad in terms of quality or desirability. It's not about health.

 So yes, sense 1.

 Final check: The user wants a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: idea
Target surface form: idea
Context:
Let us sum up what we do know about education and about those education reforms that do work and do not work: -- "Parental involvement "is a bad idea. Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse <t>idea</t>. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
2. sense_key=idea%1:09:01:: | definition=your intention; what you intend to do | synonyms=mind | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces
3. sense_key=idea%1:09:03:: | definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
4. sense_key=idea%1:09:02:: | definition=an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth | synonyms=estimate, estimation, approximation | examples=an estimate of what it would cost; a rough idea how long it would take
5. sense_key=idea%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) melodic subject of a musical composition | synonyms=theme, melodic theme, musical theme | examples=the theme is announced in the first measures; the accompanist picked up the idea and elaborated it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "idea" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The text discusses education reforms. Specifically:
 - "Parental involvement" is a bad idea.
 - "Community involvement" is an even worse idea.

 The phrase "is a bad idea" and "is an even worse idea" suggests that "idea" here refers to a concept, plan, or suggestion - something that can be evaluated as good or bad.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=idea%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about | synonyms=thought | examples=it was not a good idea; the thought never entered my mind
    - Example "it was not a good idea" matches exactly the usage in the context ("is a bad idea", "is an even worse idea")
    - This sense refers to a thought, concept, or notion - something conceived in the mind
    - In the context, "Parental involvement" and "Community involvement" are being evaluated as concepts/plans - whether they are good or bad thoughts/notions

 2. sense_key=idea%1:09:01:: | definition=your intention; what you intend to do | synonyms=mind | examples=he had in mind to see his old teacher; the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces
    - This is about intention or purpose
    - The context isn't about what someone intends to do, but about evaluating concepts/policies

 3. sense_key=idea%1:09:03:: | definition=a personal view | examples=he has an idea that we don't like him
    - This is about an opinion or belief
    - While related, the context is more about "Parental involvement" being a concept/strategy that is bad, not specifically a personal view (though it could be argued)

 4. sense_key=idea%1:09:02:: | definition=an approximate calculation... | synonyms=estimate...
    - Clearly not this - no calculation involved

 5. sense_key=idea%1:10:00:: | definition=musical theme...
    - Clearly not this - no music involved

 Between sense 1 and sense 3:
 Sense 1: "the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about" - broadly refers to a concept, notion, or thought. The example "it was not a good idea" fits perfectly.
 Sense 3: "a personal view" - more specific to an opinion or belief held by someone.

 In the context: "Parental involvement is a bad idea" - this is saying that the concept/strategy of parental involvement (in the specific way described) is not good. It's evaluating the concept itself.

 The example in sense 1 "it was not a good idea" is almost identical in structure to "is a bad idea" in the context.

 Also, looking at the flow: the author is summarizing what is known about education reforms, treating "Parental involvement" and "Community involvement" as proposals or concepts that can be judged.

 Sense 1 (index 1) seems the best fit. The content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about - in this case, the concept of "community involvement" being discussed.

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user asks for the "sense_index". Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=idea%1:09:00::
 2. sense_key=idea%1:09:01::
 3. sense_key=idea%1:09:03::
 4. sense_key=idea%1:09:02::
 5. sense_key=idea%1:10:00::

 The indices appear to be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 as listed.

 Sense 1 is the general "content of cognition" sense.
 Sense 3 is "a personal view".

 Is "Community involvement is an even worse idea" saying it's a worse personal view? Or a worse concept/plan?

 It's saying it's a worse concept, proposal, or strategy. That aligns with sense 1 (thought, concept).

 The example in sense 1: "it was not a good idea" - this is exactly parallel to "is a bad idea" and "is an even worse idea".

 Therefore, sense index 1 is correct.

 Wait, I need to be careful. WordNet sense keys have specific formats. Let me verify the sense indices correspond to the order given.

 The candidate senses are listed as:
 1. sense_key=idea%1:09:00::
 2. sense_key=idea%1:09:01::
 3. sense_key=idea%1:09:03::
 4. sense_key=idea%1:09:02::
 5. sense_key=idea%1:10:00::

 So index 1 is idea%1:09:00::, index 2 is idea%1:09:01::, etc.

 My analysis points to index 1.

 But let me reconsider sense 3. "a personal view". Could it be that the author is saying "Community involvement" is a personal view? No, "Community involvement" is a policy or approach, not a personal view. The author is evaluating the approach itself.

 Actually, looking closely at sense 3: "he has an idea that we don't like him" - this refers to a belief or impression.

 In the context: "is an even worse idea" - this is evaluating the merit of the concept.

 Sense 1 seems correct.

 One final check: Could it be sense 2 (intention)? "the idea of the game is to..." - no, that's about the purpose/goal. Here we have "Community involvement is an even worse idea" - not talking about intention.

 So yes, sense 1.

 JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: Here
Context:
Parents are too likely to blame schools for the educational limitations of their children. Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. <t>Here</t>, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "Here" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"Community involvement" is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians.

The word "Here" is being used to refer to the specific circumstance/situation being discussed - namely, the idea of "community involvement" in schools. The author is saying "in this circumstance/respect" (i.e., regarding community involvement), the experience of New York City is decisive.

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is (spatial, physical location) - examples: I work here; turn here
2. in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail - examples: what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. to this place (especially toward the speaker) - synonyms=hither - examples: come here, please (directional)
4. at this time; now - examples: we'll adjourn here for lunch (temporal)

In the context, "Here" is not referring to a physical place (the writer isn't physically in New York City necessarily, and even if they were, it's more abstract). It's not directional "to this place." It's not temporal "at this time."

It's referring to the matter at hand - "in this circumstance/respect" regarding community involvement. The author is saying "on this point" (the point of community involvement), the NYC experience is decisive.

Sense 2 fits best: "in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail"

The JSON should be: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: locally
Target surface form: Locally
Context:
Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. <t>Locally</t> elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=locally%4:02:00:: | definition=by a particular locality | examples=it was locally decided
2. sense_key=locally%4:02:01:: | definition=to a restricted area of the body | synonyms=topically | examples=apply this medicine topically

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "locally" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses parents' involvement in education, school boards, and community involvement.
 - The specific sentence is: "Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians."
 - Here, "Locally" modifies "elected school boards", indicating that these school boards are elected by or within a particular locality/community.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=locally%4:02:00:: | definition=by a particular locality | examples=it was locally decided
 2. sense_key=locally%4:02:01:: | definition=to a restricted area of the body | synonyms=topically | examples=apply this medicine topically

 Sense 2 is clearly medical/physical (applying medicine to a body part), which doesn't fit the context of school boards and politics.

 Sense 1 fits perfectly: "by a particular locality" - the school boards are elected by the local community or within a specific locality. The example "it was locally decided" is analogous to "locally elected" - both refer to decisions or actions taken at the local level rather than centrally.

 The context is about local politics, local school boards, and community involvement, which aligns with the spatial/geographic meaning of "locally" as "by a particular locality" or "at the local level".

 Therefore, the correct sense is index 1.

 I need to return a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: especially
Target surface form: especially
Context:
Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, <t>especially</t> in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=especially%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=particularly, peculiarly, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
2. sense_key=especially%4:02:01:: | definition=in a special manner | synonyms=specially | examples=a specially arranged dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "especially" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "Community involvement 'is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians."
 - The word "especially" is modifying "in our larger cities", indicating that the issue described (school boards becoming prey to corrupt politicians) happens to a distinctly greater extent or degree in larger cities compared to elsewhere.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=especially%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=particularly, peculiarly, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
 - This sense emphasizes "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common" - meaning something happens more intensely, more frequently, or more strongly in specific circumstances compared to the general case.

 2. sense_key=especially%4:02:01:: | definition=in a special manner | synonyms=specially | examples=a specially arranged dinner
 - This sense means "in a special manner" - referring to something done in a specific, unique, or specialized way.

 Analysis:
 - In the context, "especially in our larger cities" suggests that the problem being discussed (locally elected school boards becoming prey to corrupt politicians) occurs more intensely, frequently, or to a greater degree in larger cities than in general or in smaller cities.
 - This matches sense 1: "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common"
 - It does not match sense 2, which would imply the school boards are acting in a "special manner" in larger cities, which doesn't fit the context. The context is about degree/extent of the problem, not about a special or unique manner of being.

 The phrase "especially in our larger cities" is specifying where this phenomenon is particularly prevalent or intense - i.e., to a greater extent than elsewhere.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The JSON output should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: city
Target surface form: cities
Context:
Parents should be involved with their children's education at home, not in school. They should see to it that their kids do not play truant; they should make certain that the children spend enough time doing homework; they should scrutinize the report card. If parents are dissatisfied with a school, they should have the option of switching to another. -- "Community involvement "is an even worse idea. Here, the experience of New York City is decisive. Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger <t>cities</t>, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians or would-be politicians. New York is in the process of trying to disengage itself from a 20-year-old commitment to this system of school governance, even as Chicago and other cities are moving to institute it.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=city%1:15:00:: | definition=a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts | synonyms=metropolis, urban center | examples=Ancient Troy was a great city
2. sense_key=city%1:15:01:: | definition=an incorporated administrative district established by state charter | examples=the city raised the tax rate
3. sense_key=city%1:14:00:: | definition=people living in a large densely populated municipality | synonyms=metropolis | examples=the city voted for Republicans in 1994

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "cities" (surface form) with target lemma "city" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:

 The passage discusses "New York City" and then mentions "our larger cities" in the context of "Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of ambitious, generally corrupt, and invariably demagogic local politicians..."

 The context is comparing New York City to other large urban areas, specifically in the context of school governance and locally elected school boards.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=city%1:15:00:: | definition=a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts | synonyms=metropolis, urban center | examples=Ancient Troy was a great city

 This sense refers to the physical place/urban area itself - the geographic entity.

 2. sense_key=city%1:15:01:: | definition=an incorporated administrative district established by state charter | examples=the city raised the tax rate

 This sense refers to the administrative/political entity - the municipal government or the legal entity.

 3. sense_key=city%1:14:00:: | definition=people living in a large densely populated municipality | synonyms=metropolis | examples=the city voted for Republicans in 1994

 This sense refers to the inhabitants/collective people of the city.

 Now, analyzing the specific usage: "especially in our larger cities"

 The context is about "Locally elected school boards" in these cities. The sentence says "Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities, become the prey of..."

 Here, "cities" refers to the urban areas where these school boards exist. But let's look more carefully.

 The phrase "in our larger cities" suggests locations/places where this happens. It's talking about school boards in large urban areas.

 However, sense 2 (the administrative district) could also fit because school boards are part of the administrative/governance structure of cities.

 But looking at the broader context: "New York City" is mentioned earlier, and then "Chicago and other cities" - these are being compared as large urban areas.

 The key phrase is "in our larger cities" - this is referring to the physical/geographic urban areas, not specifically the administrative governments (sense 2) or the people (sense 3).

 Actually, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1: "Ancient Troy was a great city" - this is the physical place
 - Sense 2: "the city raised the tax rate" - this is the government/administration
 - Sense 3: "the city voted for Republicans" - this is the people

 In our context: "Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities..."

 This is talking about school boards located in large urban areas. The schools boards are institutions within these urban areas.

 But sense 1 refers to "a large and densely populated urban area" - which fits "larger cities" as geographic entities.

 However, there's a subtlety. When we say "in our larger cities," are we referring to:
 1. The geographic urban areas (sense 1)?
 2. The administrative entities (sense 2)?

 The context mentions "New York City" specifically as an example of a place where this happened. Then it says "in our larger cities" (comparable to NYC). NYC is a large urban area (sense 1) and also an administrative district (sense 2).

 But the distinguishing factor is usually:
 - Sense 1 = the place/location (geographic)
 - Sense 2 = the municipal corporation/government (legal entity)
 - Sense 3 = the residents (collective)

 In the phrase "in our larger cities", this is locative - referring to the physical spaces where school boards exist. It's talking about cities as places.

 However, I should check if sense 2 is more appropriate because school boards are governmental entities. But "in our larger cities" modifies where these school boards exist, not what the cities (as governments) do.

 Actually, looking carefully: "Locally elected school boards, especially in our larger cities..."

 This means school boards located in large cities. The cities here are the large urban areas (geographic entities).

 Sense 1 (city%1:15:00::) is "a large and densely populated urban area" - this seems correct.

 Let me verify sense 2 vs sense 1. Sense 2 is specifically about the incorporated administrative district. While cities are that, in common usage when we say "in larger cities" we usually mean the geographic/populated areas (sense 1), not specifically the legal corporation.

 Moreover, the examples support this: "Ancient Troy was a great city" - clearly the place. "New York City" in the text also refers to the place where the experience happened.

 Sense 3 (the people) doesn't fit because "in our larger cities" where school boards become prey doesn't refer to the people voting or acting as a collective in this specific clause. Though later it mentions politicians, the phrase "in our larger cities" itself is locative.

 Therefore, sense 1 (index 1) appears to be the best choice.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user shows:
 1. sense_key=city%1:15:00::
 2. sense_key=city%1:15:01::
 3. sense_key=city%1:14:00::

 So index 1, 2, or 3.

 Between sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1: "a large and densely populated urban area"
 - Sense 2: "an incorporated administrative district established by state charter"

 In the context: "especially in our larger cities" - this refers to large urban areas like New York. The text is describing New York City as an urban area where school boards exist.

 If it were sense 2, we might expect contexts like "the city passed an ordinance" or discussing the city as a legal entity making decisions.

 Here, the focus is on "larger cities" as populated places where local politics happens.

 Also, the mention of "New York City" earlier - NYC is a metropolis, a large urban area.

 I think sense 1 is correct.

 But let me reconsider sense 2. Could "in our larger cities" mean "in the governments of our larger cities"? No, that would be awkward. "In our larger cities" means geographically, within those urban areas.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure, sense 1 is the most common/general sense of a city as a place, while sense 2 is specifically the legal/administrative definition.

 The sentence is talking about cities as places where school boards exist and where politics happens.

 Final check: Could it be sense 3 (the people)? "the city voted for Republicans" - metonymic use. But "in our larger cities" doesn't work well with the people sense. You wouldn't say "school boards in our larger people" - that doesn't make sense. So sense 3 is out.

 Between 1 and 2: The text says "especially in our larger cities" - this is clearly referring to the physical urban areas, the populated places.

 Answer: {"sense_index": 1}