[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: court
Target surface form: courts
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the <t>courts</t>. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=court%1:14:00:: | definition=an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
2. sense_key=court%1:06:02:: | definition=a room in which a lawcourt sits | synonyms=courtroom | examples=television cameras were admitted in the courtroom
3. sense_key=court%1:14:01:: | definition=the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state | synonyms=royal court
4. sense_key=court%1:06:01:: | definition=a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played | examples=players had to reserve a court in advance
5. sense_key=court%1:18:00:: | definition=Australian woman tennis player who won many major championships (born in 1947) | synonyms=Margaret Court
6. sense_key=court%1:14:02:: | definition=the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince | synonyms=royal court
7. sense_key=court%1:06:03:: | definition=a hotel for motorists; provides direct access from rooms to parking area | synonyms=motor hotel, motor inn, motor lodge, tourist court
8. sense_key=court%1:06:05:: | definition=a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice
9. sense_key=court%1:06:04:: | definition=the residence of a sovereign or nobleman | examples=the king will visit the duke's court
10. sense_key=court%1:06:00:: | definition=an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings | synonyms=courtyard | examples=the house was built around an inner court
11. sense_key=court%1:04:00:: | definition=respectful deference | synonyms=homage | examples=pay court to the emperor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "courts" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context carefully:

The passage is about a legal case, lawyers, verdict, courthouse, appeals courts, and trials. The specific sentence containing the target word is: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the <t>courts</t>."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. court%1:14:00:: - an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
2. court%1:06:02:: - a room in which a lawcourt sits | synonyms=courtroom
3. court%1:14:01:: - the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state | synonyms=royal court
4. court%1:06:01:: - a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played
5. court%1:18:00:: - Australian woman tennis player (Margaret Court)
6. court%1:14:02:: - the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince
7. court%1:06:03:: - a hotel for motorists (motor court)
8. court%1:06:05:: - a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice
9. court%1:06:04:: - the residence of a sovereign or nobleman
10. court%1:06:00:: - an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings (courtyard)
11. court%1:04:00:: - respectful deference (homage)

Now, the target is "courts" in "adaptation by the courts". The context is about appeals courts and the judicial system needing to adapt to social and technological changes.

Wait, I need to be careful. Let me look at senses 1 and 8 more closely:

Sense 1: court%1:14:00:: - an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business (noun.group) - synonyms: tribunal, judicature
Sense 8: court%1:06:05:: - a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws (noun.artifact) - synonyms: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- Sense 1 (court%1:14:00::) is under noun.group (a group of people)
- Sense 8 (court%1:06:05::) is under noun.artifact (a physical institution/place?)

Wait, let me reconsider. In WordNet:
- court%1:14:00:: usually refers to the body of people (judges, etc.) as a group
- court%1:06:05:: usually refers to the judicial tribunal itself as an institution

But in the context: "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

"Appeals courts" here refers to appellate courts as institutions. And "the courts" refers to the judicial system/institutions.

Actually, looking at the sentence: "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

"Appeals courts" = appellate courts (sense 1 or 8)
"the courts" = the judicial system/bodies

In legal contexts, when we say "the courts need to adapt," we typically mean the judicial bodies/assemblies. But let me think about whether sense 1 or 8 is better.

Sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business" - this emphasizes the people/gathering.
Sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws" - this emphasizes the institution/tribunal.

Actually, looking at typical WordNet distinctions:
- court%1:14:00:: is the personnel (judges collectively)
- court%1:06:05:: is the institution/place where justice is administered

But wait, sense 2 is "a room in which a lawcourt sits" (courtroom).
Sense 8 is "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws" - this is more like the judicial body as an institution.

In the phrase "adaptation by the courts", we're talking about the judicial system adapting its policies. This seems like it could be sense 1 (the assembly/body) or sense 8 (the tribunal/institution).

Let me look at the examples and usage more carefully.

Earlier in the text: "outside the courthouse" - this is the building.
"appeals courts" - this refers to appellate courts as institutions.
"court policy" - this refers to policy of the court system.
"coverage of future trials" - legal context.
"adaptation by the courts" - the judicial bodies need to adapt.

In WordNet, sense 1 (court%1:14:00::) is typically the primary sense for the judicial body. Let me verify typical mappings.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet sense ordering:
- court#1 (noun) usually refers to the tribunal/assembly (sense 1:14:00)
- court#2 (noun) might be the playing area
- etc.

But sense 8 (court%1:06:05::) is "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws". This is very similar to sense 1.

Wait, I need to look at the exact WordNet definitions. In WordNet 3.0/3.1:

court, tribunal, judicature (noun.group) - an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business
court, court of law, court of justice, lawcourt, court (noun.artifact) - a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws

Hmm, actually in WordNet there might be some duplication or near-duplication. Let me think about the difference.

Sense 1 (1:14:00) - noun.group: the people assembled
Sense 8 (1:06:05) - noun.artifact: the institution/place

But in common parlance, "the courts" as in "the courts must adapt" refers to the judicial branch/institutions.

However, looking at the exact context: "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

"Appeals courts" = courts of appeal. This is clearly sense 1 or 8.
"The courts" = the judicial system.

I think sense 1 is the most general and common sense for the judicial body. But let me reconsider sense 8.

Actually, looking at the provided candidate list, sense 8 has synonyms "lawcourt, court of law, court of justice" and definition "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws."

Sense 1 has synonyms "tribunal, judicature" and definition "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business."

In the context of "adaptation by the courts", we're talking about institutions adapting their rules/policies. The word "courts" here is parallel to "appeals courts" earlier in the sentence.

Wait, I should check if there's a distinction in WordNet where sense 1 is used for "the court" as a body, and sense 8 is used for the physical/legal institution.

Actually, looking at the sentence: "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments..." - "appeals courts" is the subject. Then "adaptation by the courts" - the courts need to adapt.

In legal writing, "courts" often refers to the judicial branch or judiciary as an institution. Between sense 1 and 8, sense 1 is usually the more general sense. But sense 8 specifically mentions "court of law" and "administer justice according to the laws."

Let me think about the phrase "court policy" earlier in the text: "make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials." Here "court" modifies "policy" - this is likely sense 1 or 8.

And "appeals courts" - this is definitely the judicial bodies.

Actually, I recall that in WordNet:
- court%1:14:00:: is the main sense for the judicial body/group
- court%1:06:05:: is a separate sense but very similar

However, looking at the definition of sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws" - this sounds like it could be a specific court session or the physical court? No, it says "tribunal" which is abstract.

Wait, the lexicographer file is 1:06 for sense 8, which is noun.artifact (objects/places), while 1:14 is noun.group (groups of people/organizations).

Sense 8 being in noun.artifact suggests it might be conceptualized as an institution/place, whereas sense 1 in noun.group is the people.

But in the context "adaptation by the courts", it's the institutions that adapt. However, institutions can be groups (noun.group) too.

Let me look at the examples provided for sense 2: "television cameras were admitted in the courtroom" - this is clearly the room.
Sense 8 examples aren't provided, but the synonyms are lawcourt, court of law, court of justice.

I think the best fit is sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business" because:
1. It's the primary sense for judicial courts
2. "Appeals courts" refers to appellate courts as judicial bodies
3. "The courts" in "adaptation by the courts" refers to the judiciary as a whole

But wait - I need to be more careful. Let me look at whether "court" in "court policy" and "appeals courts" and "the courts" might map to sense 8.

Actually, looking at WordNet usage, sense 1 (court%1:14:00::) is often used for phrases like "the court ruled" (the judges collectively). Sense 8 (court%1:06:05::) might be used for "appear in court" (the institution/place).

But "adaptation by the courts" - who adapts? The judicial system. In WordNet, I think sense 1 is the standard sense for this.

However, I want to double-check. The user says "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."

Let me look at the synonyms again:
Sense 1: tribunal, judicature
Sense 8: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice

"Appeals courts" - an appeals court is a tribunal/judicature. It's also a court of law.
"The courts" - the judicial tribunals.

I think sense 1 is slightly better because:
- "appeals courts" is plural, and sense 1's definition "an assembly" works well in plural as "assemblies"
- The context is about courts as decision-making bodies being attracted to arguments and needing to adapt
- Sense 8's definition "a tribunal that is presided over by..." also works in plural

But actually, looking at standard WSD datasets (like SemCor), "court" in legal contexts usually maps to sense 1 (the first sense, highest frequency).

Wait, I should consider if there's any other sense that could fit. Could it be sense 2 (courtroom)? No, because "adaptation by the courtrooms" doesn't make sense - it's not the room that adapts policy, it's the judicial body.

Could it be sense 11 (homage)? No, completely wrong context.

So it's between 1 and 8.

Let me think about the phrase "court policy" in the text: "make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials." This is policy set by the court system. And "appeals courts" are mentioned. Then "the courts" need to adapt.

In WordNet 3.1, I believe sense 1 is:
court, tribunal, judicature (noun.group)

And sense 8 is:
court, court of law, lawcourt, court of justice (noun.artifact)

Actually, I just realized - in many WSD systems, for "court" meaning the judicial body, sense 1 is the correct sense. Sense 8 might be reserved for the physical/legal institution as a place or specific tribunal type.

But looking at the definition of sense 8 again: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws" - this is almost identical to sense 1 but categorized as an artifact.

In the context, "courts" refers to the judicial institutions/bodies. I think sense 1 is the intended answer because:
1. It's the first/most general sense for the judicial meaning
2. The group/organization reading fits "adaptation by the courts" better than the artifact reading
3. "Appeals courts" are groups of judges/appellate panels

Actually, let me reconsider one more time. The phrase is "adaptation by the courts." If we substitute synonyms:
- "adaptation by the tribunals" (sense 1) - works
- "adaptation by the courts of law" (sense 8) - works

But earlier: "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments..."
- "appeals tribunals" (sense 1) - works well
- "appeals courts of law" (sense 8) - a bit redundant but works

I think sense 1 is the best choice. It's the standard sense for judicial courts.

Wait, I want to check one more thing. Is there any chance "courts" here refers to the building/place? No, because the text already used "courthouse" for the building, and "courts" adapting to social changes refers to the institutions.

Let me go with sense 1.

Actually, I want to look at this once more. The target surface form is "courts" (plural). Sense 1 definition: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business." Plural: assemblies. This fits perfectly.

Sense 8: "a tribunal..." Plural: tribunals. Also fits.

But in WordNet, sense 1 is the more general and frequent sense. The examples and context about legal proceedings, lawyers, appeals, and trials all point to the judicial business sense.

I choose sense 1.

Wait, I need to make sure I'm not missing something. Let me reread the sentence: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the <t>courts</t>."

The structure is: appeals courts [higher courts] were attracted to arguments that changes required adaptation by the courts [the judiciary generally].

Yes, this is definitely the judicial sense. Sense 1.

One final check: could "courts" refer to "court" as in the sovereign's court (sense 3 or 6)? No, this is modern American legal context about Connecticut, New Haven, Twitter, etc. Not royal courts.

Could it be Margaret Court? No.

Could it be motor courts? No.

Could it be a playing area? No.

Could it be a courtyard? No.

Could it be homage? No.

So it's definitely sense 1.

Actually, I want to reconsider sense 8 one more time. The definition says "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws." The word "court" in "appeals courts" and "the courts" might be interpreted as the institution. But in WordNet, sense 1 is typically the correct sense for the judiciary.

Let me think about whether "court" in "court of law" (sense 8) is distinct from "court" as a judicial assembly (sense 1). In many contexts, they overlap heavily. But sense 1 is the broader sense.

I'll go with sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: claim
Target surface form: claim
Context:
They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that <t>claim</t>. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
2. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims
3. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
4. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
5. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "claim" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses lawyers arguing about media coverage of a trial
 - "In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view..."
 - "Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that <t>claim</t>."

 The target instance is "Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim."

 Looking at the context:
 - Earlier in the text: "They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case."
 - The lawyers wrote about media coverage being unprecedented
 - Their focus on Twitter coverage is controversial
 - Journalists said "the claim that instant news was more incendiary..."
 - Then: "Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim."

 So "that claim" refers back to the argument/assertion that instant news/social media coverage requires new court rules or that the media coverage was problematic/incendiary.

 Now looking at the candidate senses:

 1. claim%1:10:00:: - an assertion of a right (as to money or property) - examples: his claim asked for damages
    - This seems to be about legal claims to property/money damages

 2. claim%1:10:02:: - an assertion that something is true or factual - examples: his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims
    - This is about asserting something is true. The context here involves lawyers arguing that social media changes require court adaptation - this is an assertion/argument that something is true (that new media requires new rules).

 3. claim%1:04:00:: - demand for something as rightful or due - examples: they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
    - This is more about demanding something as a right

 4. claim%1:07:02:: - an informal right to something - synonyms=title - examples: his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
    - Not relevant here

 5. claim%1:07:01:: - an established or recognized right - synonyms=title - examples: a strong legal claim to the property
    - About legal rights to property

 6. claim%1:10:01:: - a demand especially in the phrase - synonyms=call - examples: the call of duty
    - Not quite right

 The context shows:
 - "the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly"
 - This is an assertion that something is true (that instant news is more incendiary)
 - "Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim" - they are pressing the argument/assertion that new media requires new rules/creates problems.

 This matches sense 2: "an assertion that something is true or factual"

 The examples for sense 2 include: "his claim that he was innocent" - which parallels "the claim that instant news was more incendiary..."

 Sense 1 is about asserting a right to money/property, which doesn't fit.
 Sense 3 is about demanding something as rightful, which could be close but the context emphasizes the assertion/argument aspect more than a demand.
 Sense 2 specifically deals with assertions of truth/factuality, which fits the argumentative context about media effects.

 The phrase "pressing that claim" in legal contexts can sometimes mean asserting a right, but here the antecedent is clearly "the claim that instant news was more incendiary..." which is an assertion of fact/truth.

 Therefore, sense index 2 (claim%1:10:02::) is the best choice.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys and indices:
 The user lists:
 1. sense_key=claim%1:10:00::
 2. sense_key=claim%1:10:02::
 3. sense_key=claim%1:04:00::
 4. sense_key=claim%1:07:02::
 5. sense_key=claim%1:07:01::
 6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01::

 So sense 2 is claim%1:10:02:: - an assertion that something is true or factual.

 Yes, this is correct. The lawyers are asserting/arguing that social media/instant news creates problems that require new court rules. This is an assertion of a proposition as true.

 The answer should be {"sense_index": 2}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: filing
Target surface form: filing
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their <t>filing</t>, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=filing%1:10:00:: | definition=the entering of a legal document into the public record | examples=he filed a complaint; he filed his tax return
2. sense_key=filing%1:17:00:: | definition=a fragment rubbed off by the use of a file
3. sense_key=filing%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using a file (as in shaping or smoothing an object)
4. sense_key=filing%1:04:00:: | definition=preservation and methodical arrangement as of documents and papers etc. | examples=I have some filing to do

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "filing" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about lawyers, a courthouse, court policy, trials, and legal proceedings.
 - The specific sentence: "In their <t>filing</t>, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision..."
 - The lawyers are submitting something to the court - a legal document.
 - The context mentions "he filed a complaint" and legal proceedings.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=filing%1:10:00:: | definition=the entering of a legal document into the public record | examples=he filed a complaint; he filed his tax return
    - This fits perfectly. The lawyers are submitting a legal document (brief/motion) to the court. This is a legal filing.

 2. sense_key=filing%1:17:00:: | definition=a fragment rubbed off by the use of a file
    - This is about metal shavings or fragments from using a file tool. Not relevant to legal context.

 3. sense_key=filing%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using a file (as in shaping or smoothing an object)
    - This is about the physical act of using a file tool. Not relevant.

 4. sense_key=filing%1:04:00:: | definition=preservation and methodical arrangement as of documents and papers etc. | examples=I have some filing to do
    - This is about organizing documents, like office filing. While related to documents, the context here is specifically about submitting a legal document to the court, not organizing papers.

 The context clearly indicates a legal document being submitted to the court: "In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision..." This is a legal brief or motion filed with the court.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice: "the entering of a legal document into the public record"

 The index for this sense is 1 (sense_key=filing%1:10:00::).

 Wait, let me check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=filing%1:10:00::
 2. sense_key=filing%1:17:00::
 3. sense_key=filing%1:04:01::
 4. sense_key=filing%1:04:00::

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}

 Let me double-check:
 - The context is legal: lawyers, courthouse, court policy, trials, Supreme Court decision
 - "In their filing" - refers to a document submitted to the court
 - This matches sense 1: "the entering of a legal document into the public record"
 - Examples include "he filed a complaint" which is exactly the type of legal context here

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: supreme_court
Target surface form: Supreme Court
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the <t>Supreme Court</t>'s 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=supreme_court%1:14:00:: | definition=the highest federal court in the United States; has final appellate jurisdiction and has jurisdiction over all other courts in the nation | synonyms=Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court
2. sense_key=supreme_court%1:14:01:: | definition=the highest court in most states of the United States | synonyms=state supreme court, high court

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "supreme_court" with the surface form "Supreme Court" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:

 1. The text mentions "the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction"
 2. This refers to the famous case Sheppard v. Maxwell (1966)
 3. Sheppard v. Maxwell was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court (the federal Supreme Court), not a state supreme court
 4. The case dealt with pretrial publicity and the right to a fair trial
 5. The context mentions "the highest federal court" implicitly by referring to a landmark 1966 decision that would be binding precedent

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=supreme_court%1:14:00:: - the highest federal court in the United States (United States Supreme Court)
 2. sense_key=supreme_court%1:14:01:: - the highest court in most states of the United States (state supreme court)

 The reference to "Sheppard v. Maxwell" is the key clue. Sheppard v. Maxwell, 384 U.S. 333 (1966) was indeed a decision of the United States Supreme Court (the federal one). It was a landmark case concerning fair trial rights and pretrial publicity.

 Therefore, this refers to the federal Supreme Court, not a state supreme court.

 The correct sense is sense 1 (supreme_court%1:14:00::).

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=supreme_court%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=supreme_court%1:14:01::

 So sense_index should be 1 for the first one (federal) and 2 for the second one (state).

 Since this is the U.S. Supreme Court (federal), the answer is sense_index: 1.

 Actually, looking carefully at the context again:
 - "the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction"
 - This is definitely referring to Sheppard v. Maxwell, which was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court (federal)
 - The context is about federal constitutional law (Sixth Amendment fair trial rights)
 - State supreme courts are not typically referred to simply as "the Supreme Court" in national news contexts without qualification, especially when citing landmark constitutional decisions

 Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

 Output format: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decision
Target surface form: decision
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 <t>decision</t> overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decision%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making up your mind about something | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=the burden of decision was his; he drew his conclusions quickly
2. sense_key=decision%1:09:00:: | definition=a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=a decision unfavorable to the opposition; his conclusion took the evidence into account
3. sense_key=decision%1:11:02:: | definition=(boxing) a victory won on points when no knockout has occurred | examples=had little trouble in taking a unanimous decision over his opponent
4. sense_key=decision%1:11:01:: | definition=the outcome of a game or contest | examples=the team dropped three decisions in a row
5. sense_key=decision%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of resoluteness as evidenced by firmness of character or purpose | synonyms=decisiveness | examples=a man of unusual decisiveness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "decision" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about a legal case (Mr. Hayes's lawyers, Supreme Court, 1966, overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction)
 - The specific sentence: "they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 <t>decision</t> overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage"
 - This refers to the Supreme Court's ruling/judgment in the case of Sheppard v. Maxwell (1966)
 - This is a legal decision - a formal judgment or ruling by a court

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=decision%1:04:00:: - "the act of making up your mind about something" (the process of deciding)
 2. sense_key=decision%1:09:00:: - "a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration" (the result/content of the decision)
 3. sense_key=decision%1:11:02:: - boxing victory
 4. sense_key=decision%1:11:01:: - outcome of a game/contest
 5. sense_key=decision%1:07:00:: - trait of resoluteness (decisiveness)

 Sense 1 (1:04:00) refers to the act/process of deciding. Example: "the burden of decision was his"
 Sense 2 (1:09:00) refers to the judgment/opinion reached. Example: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition"

 In legal contexts, when we refer to a "Supreme Court decision," we are typically referring to the judgment or ruling itself - the legal opinion or determination reached by the court. This aligns with sense 2 (1:09:00).

 However, I need to check if sense 1 could also fit. Sense 1 is about the act of making up one's mind. But when we say "the Supreme Court's 1966 decision," we are referring to the specific ruling/judgment document or the content of that ruling, not the act of deciding itself.

 Sense 2 examples include "a decision unfavorable to the opposition" which fits legal contexts. The synonyms are "determination, conclusion."

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - decision%1:04:00:: is the act (noun.act)
 - decision%1:09:00:: is the cognition (noun.cognition) - "a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration"

 In the context "the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction," this refers to the court's judgment or ruling. This is clearly sense 2.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys:
 - 1:04:00 usually refers to noun.act (acts or actions)
 - 1:09:00 usually refers to noun.cognition (cognitive processes and contents)
 - 1:11:01 and 1:11:02 are noun.event or noun.state?
 - 1:07:00 is noun.attribute

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
 - decision.n.01 (usually 1:04:00) - the act of making up your mind
 - decision.n.02 (usually 1:09:00) - a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration; "a decision unfavorable to the opposition"
 - decision.n.03 - (boxing) a victory won on points...
 - decision.n.04 - the outcome of a game or contest
 - decisiveness.n.02 (or decision.n.05) - the trait of resoluteness

 The context clearly refers to a legal judgment/ruling. "The Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction" - this is referring to the case of Sheppard v. Maxwell, 384 U.S. 333 (1966), which was indeed a Supreme Court decision (judgment).

 This fits sense 2: "a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration" - specifically a legal judgment.

 Sense 1 would be more like "the decision-making process took three days" or "he announced his decision" (referring to the act).

 But actually, in common usage, "the Supreme Court's decision" can sometimes be ambiguous between the act and the result. However, given the examples:
 - Sense 1: "the burden of decision was his" - focuses on the responsibility/act
 - Sense 2: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition" - focuses on the content/outcome of the judgment

 Since the text mentions "overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction," this describes the content of the judgment (what the court decided), which aligns with sense 2.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense index 2.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=decision%1:04:00::
 2. sense_key=decision%1:09:00::
 3. sense_key=decision%1:11:02::
 4. sense_key=decision%1:11:01::
 5. sense_key=decision%1:07:00::

 So sense 2 is decision%1:09:00::.

 Yes, that's the one.

 Let me verify with the context once more:
 - "the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction"
 - This refers to the famous case Sheppard v. Maxwell
 - The Supreme Court issued a decision (judgment) that overturned the conviction
 - This is a legal ruling/opinion

 This matches sense 2: "a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration"

 The other senses are clearly wrong:
 - 1: the act of deciding (not the act, but the result)
 - 3: boxing (irrelevant)
 - 4: game outcome (irrelevant, though sometimes legal decisions are metaphorically called this, but not here)
 - 5: trait of being decisive (irrelevant)

 So the answer is index 2.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conviction
Target surface form: conviction
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's <t>conviction</t> because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conviction%1:09:00:: | definition=an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence | synonyms=strong belief, article of faith
2. sense_key=conviction%1:04:00:: | definition=(criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed | synonyms=judgment of conviction, condemnation, sentence | examples=the conviction came as no surprise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "conviction" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about a legal case (courthouse, lawyers, trials, appeals courts, Supreme Court)
 - It mentions "Dr. Sheppard's conviction" being overturned by the Supreme Court in 1966
 - It references "Sheppard v. Maxwell" which is a famous legal case about trial publicity
 - The context discusses criminal trials, judgments, and legal proceedings

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=conviction%1:09:00::
    - Definition: an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence
    - Synonyms: strong belief, article of faith
    - This is about religious or philosophical conviction (belief)

 2. sense_key=conviction%1:04:00::
    - Definition: (criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed
    - Synonyms: judgment of conviction, condemnation, sentence
    - Examples: "the conviction came as no surprise"
    - This is the legal meaning

 In the context, "Dr. Sheppard's conviction" clearly refers to a legal judgment in a criminal case. The Supreme Court overturned his conviction (meaning they overturned the guilty verdict/judgment). This is clearly sense 2.

 The context mentions:
 - "overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction"
 - "trial coverage"
 - "criminal case" (implied by the legal context)
 - "guilty" (implied by conviction being overturned)

 This matches sense 2 perfectly: "(criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed"

 Sense 1 would be about beliefs/faith, which doesn't fit here at all.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index 2.

 Wait, let me check the format. The user wants:
 {"sense_index": 2}

 But I need to make sure about the indexing. The user listed:
 1. sense_key=conviction%1:09:00::
 2. sense_key=conviction%1:04:00::

 So sense 2 is the legal one.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys:
 - conviction%1:09:00:: is the belief sense (noun.cognition)
 - conviction%1:04:00:: is the legal sense (noun.act)

 Yes, so index 2 is correct.

 The user said "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." This is an example format. I should return {"sense_index": 2}.

 Let me double-check the context once more to make sure I'm not missing anything subtle.

 "overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction" - definitely legal. Dr. Sheppard was accused of murdering his wife (famous case that inspired The Fugitive). The Supreme Court overturned his conviction due to prejudicial publicity.

 So yes, it's definitely the legal sense (criminal judgment), not a belief or opinion.

 Answer: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trial
Target surface form: trial
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the <t>trial</t> coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trial%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of testing something | synonyms=test, run | examples=in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately; he called each flip of the coin a new trial
2. sense_key=trial%1:09:00:: | definition=trying something to find out about it | synonyms=trial run, test, tryout | examples=a sample for ten days free trial; a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain
3. sense_key=trial%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of undergoing testing | synonyms=test | examples=he survived the great test of battle; candidates must compete in a trial of skill
4. sense_key=trial%1:04:02:: | definition=(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law | examples=he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial
5. sense_key=trial%1:11:01:: | definition=(sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications | examples=the trials for the semifinals began yesterday
6. sense_key=trial%1:11:00:: | definition=an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event | synonyms=tribulation, visitation | examples=his mother-in-law's visits were a great trial for him; life is full of tribulations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "trial" in a specific context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about a courthouse, lawyers, media coverage, reporters, cameras
- It mentions "court policy governing coverage of future trials"
- It refers to "the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage"
- It mentions "Sheppard v. Maxwell" which is a famous case about pretrial publicity affecting a criminal trial
- The phrase "trial coverage" refers to media coverage of a legal proceeding

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. trial%1:04:00:: - the act of testing something (test, run) - examples about experimental trials, coin flips. Not legal context.

2. trial%1:09:00:: - trying something to find out about it (trial run, test, tryout) - examples about free trial, trial of progesterone. Not legal context.

3. trial%1:04:03:: - the act of undergoing testing (test) - examples about battle test, trial of skill. Not legal context.

4. trial%1:04:02:: - (law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law - examples: "he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty", "most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial". This is clearly the legal sense.

5. trial%1:11:01:: - (sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications. Not relevant.

6. trial%1:11:00:: - an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event (tribulation, visitation). Not relevant.

The context is clearly legal: courthouse, lawyers, Supreme Court, conviction, Sheppard v. Maxwell (a famous case about fair trial rights), "go to trial", "court policy governing coverage of future trials."

The specific phrase is "because of the trial coverage" - this means coverage of the legal trial. The sense is definitely sense 4: (law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law.

Wait, let me double-check. The target word is in the phrase "because of the <t>trial</t> coverage". This means "coverage of the trial" where "trial" refers to the legal proceeding. Sense 4 is the only legal sense.

The index in the candidate list is 4 (sense_key=trial%1:04:02::).

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 4}.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: coverage
Target surface form: coverage
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial <t>coverage</t> and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=coverage%1:21:00:: | definition=the total amount and type of insurance carried | synonyms=insurance coverage
2. sense_key=coverage%1:07:00:: | definition=the extent to which something is covered | examples=the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent
3. sense_key=coverage%1:10:00:: | definition=the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television | synonyms=reporting, reportage | examples=they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "coverage" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:

 The text is about a legal case involving media coverage of a trial. Key phrases:
 - "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse"
 - "Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial"
 - "instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly"
 - "court policy governing coverage of future trials"
 - "the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage"
 - "the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent" (this is an example from sense 2, not the context)

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=coverage%1:21:00:: | definition=the total amount and type of insurance carried | synonyms=insurance coverage
    - This is about insurance, clearly not relevant to the context about media and trials.

 2. sense_key=coverage%1:07:00:: | definition=the extent to which something is covered | examples=the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent
    - This refers to the scope or comprehensiveness of something (like a dictionary covering words). While "coverage" here could theoretically mean the extent to which the trial is covered, the context is specifically about news media reporting.

 3. sense_key=coverage%1:10:00:: | definition=the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television | synonyms=reporting, reportage | examples=they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations
    - This matches perfectly. The context talks about "media tweets, cameras and reporters", "Twitter coverage", "instant news", "reports", and specifically mentions "trial coverage" in reference to how the news media reported on the trial (referencing the Sheppard v. Maxwell case which is famous for dealing with prejudicial pretrial publicity).

 The context specifically discusses how the media (Twitter, cameras, reporters) covered the trial, and references the Supreme Court case about trial coverage (Sheppard v. Maxwell) which dealt with whether pretrial publicity deprived the defendant of a fair trial.

 Therefore, sense 3 is the correct choice.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rule
Target surface form: rules
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new <t>rules</t>. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rule%1:09:00:: | definition=a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior | synonyms=regulation | examples=it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast; short haircuts were the regulation
2. sense_key=rule%1:09:01:: | definition=something regarded as a normative example | synonyms=convention, normal, pattern, formula | examples=the convention of not naming the main character; violence is the rule not the exception
3. sense_key=rule%1:10:00:: | definition=prescribed guide for conduct or action | synonyms=prescript
4. sense_key=rule%1:10:01:: | definition=(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice | synonyms=linguistic rule
5. sense_key=rule%1:09:03:: | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=principle | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
6. sense_key=rule%1:28:00:: | definition=the duration of a monarch's or government's power | examples=during the rule of Elizabeth
7. sense_key=rule%1:26:00:: | definition=dominance or power through legal authority | synonyms=dominion | examples=France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa; the rule of Caesar
8. sense_key=rule%1:10:02:: | definition=directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted | examples=he knew the rules of chess
9. sense_key=rule%1:10:03:: | definition=any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order | examples=the rule of St. Dominic
10. sense_key=rule%1:09:02:: | definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=principle | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion
11. sense_key=rule%1:09:04:: | definition=(mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems | synonyms=formula | examples=he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs; he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials
12. sense_key=rule%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths | synonyms=ruler

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "rules" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

Context analysis:
- The text discusses court proceedings, media coverage, and legal arguments
- Specifically: "they would claim that the new media required new <t>rules</t>"
- The context is about court policy governing coverage of future trials
- It's referring to Supreme Court decisions and legal precedents
- The lawyers are arguing that new media (Twitter, instant news) requires new regulations/guidelines for how trials are covered

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. rule%1:09:00:: - a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior | synonyms=regulation
   - This fits well. It's about regulations governing behavior (media behavior in court coverage).

2. rule%1:09:01:: - something regarded as a normative example
   - Doesn't fit. Not talking about examples.

3. rule%1:10:00:: - prescribed guide for conduct or action | synonyms=prescript
   - This also fits well. It's about prescribed guides for how media should conduct themselves during trials.

4. rule%1:10:01:: - (linguistics) a rule describing linguistic practice
   - Not relevant, not about language.

5. rule%1:09:03:: - a basic generalization accepted as true
   - Not quite right. They're talking about specific regulations, not generalizations.

6. rule%1:28:00:: - duration of monarch's/government's power
   - Not relevant.

7. rule%1:26:00:: - dominance or power through legal authority
   - Not relevant (not talking about ruling over something).

8. rule%1:10:02:: - directions defining how a game/sport is conducted
   - Close, but this is about legal proceedings, not games. However, "rules of chess" vs "rules of court" - actually, court procedures can be considered similar to games in having rules, but sense 1 or 3 seems better.

9. rule%1:10:03:: - regulations for religious orders
   - Not relevant.

10. rule%1:09:02:: - rule concerning natural phenomenon
    - Not relevant.

11. rule%1:09:04:: - mathematical rule
    - Not relevant.

12. rule%1:06:00:: - measuring stick (ruler)
    - Not relevant.

Now between sense 1 and sense 3:
- Sense 1: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior" - regulation
- Sense 3: "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - prescript

The context mentions "court policy governing coverage of future trials" and refers to Supreme Court decisions about how trials are conducted. The word "regulation" appears in the context ("make poor court policy governing coverage").

Sense 1 examples: "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast; short haircuts were the regulation"
Sense 3 examples: (none provided in the candidate list, but WordNet typically has examples like "the rules of etiquette")

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- Sense 1 (rule%1:09:00::) is typically the "regulation" sense - a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior
- Sense 3 (rule%1:10:00::) is "prescribed guide for conduct or action"

The distinction:
- Sense 1 is more about general principles that govern behavior (regulations)
- Sense 3 is more about prescribed guides (which could include laws, regulations, etc.)

In legal contexts, when talking about "court rules" or "rules of procedure," WordNet typically maps this to sense 1 or sense 3.

But looking at the context: "new rules" for media coverage of trials. This is talking about regulations or guidelines that would govern how the media behaves.

The phrase "court policy governing coverage" suggests sense 1 (governs behavior).

Also, sense 1 has synonym "regulation" which fits perfectly with the legal context of court regulations.

Sense 3 has synonym "prescript" which is less commonly used and feels more general.

Additionally, sense 8 is about games/sports, which is not appropriate here despite the structural similarity (rules of chess vs rules of court).

Between 1 and 3, sense 1 seems slightly better because:
1. It emphasizes governing behavior (media behavior)
2. The synonym "regulation" fits the legal/policy context better
3. The context talks about "court policy governing coverage"

However, I should check if there's a specific legal sense. Looking at the list, sense 3 is "prescribed guide for conduct or action" which is very close to "rules of procedure."

Actually, looking at WordNet 3.1 or similar:
- rule%1:10:00:: is often the "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - this can include rules of court, rules of evidence, etc.
- rule%1:09:00:: is "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior"

The key distinction in WordNet is that sense 1 is under noun.artifact? No, looking at the sense keys:
- rule%1:09:00:: - 09 = cognition/communication?
Wait, the numbers:
- 1:09 -> noun.communication or noun.cognition?
Actually in WordNet sense keys:
- %1:09 -> noun.cognition
- %1:10 -> noun.communication

So:
- Sense 1 (09): cognition - a principle or condition...
- Sense 3 (10): communication - prescribed guide...

In the context: "new rules" for media coverage. This is about regulations/policies that would be issued by the court to govern media conduct.

The example for sense 1 mentions "regulation" and "short haircuts were the regulation."
The context mentions "court policy governing coverage."

I think sense 1 is the best fit because:
- It aligns with "regulation" (synonym provided)
- It governs behavior (media behavior)
- It's about principles/conditions that govern behavior in a general sense

Sense 3 is also plausible but "prescribed guide" might be slightly more specific about being written down, while sense 1 captures the "regulation" aspect better.

But wait, looking at the context again: "make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials" and "new rules."

In legal English, "court rules" are specific prescribed guides for conduct. However, WordNet sense 3 is "prescribed guide for conduct or action" which sounds like it could be court rules.

But sense 1 has the example linking to "regulation" which is explicitly mentioned in the context as related concept ("court policy governing").

Let me reconsider sense 8: "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted" - the example is chess. Courts are not games, but the structure is similar. However, WordNet usually distinguishes legal/governmental rules from game rules.

Actually, looking at typical WSD for "rules" in legal contexts:
- If it's about "rules and regulations" -> sense 1
- If it's about "rules of the game" -> sense 8
- If it's about "rules of court" -> often sense 3 or sense 1

Given that the context emphasizes "governing behavior" and mentions "regulation" implicitly through "court policy governing", and the lawyers are arguing for new regulations to handle new media, sense 1 seems best.

But I should look at the specific wording: "new media required new rules."

And earlier: "make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials."

This is clearly about regulations governing behavior.

Sense 1: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior" - yes, this fits.
Sense 3: "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - also fits.

Between these, sense 1 is more general and encompasses regulations, while sense 3 is more about specific prescriptions. The context is talking about broad policy changes ("new rules" analogous to the Sheppard v. Maxwell precedent which established rules/principles for media coverage).

Sheppard v. Maxwell was a Supreme Court case about fair trial rights and media coverage. The "rules" here refer to the legal principles or regulations that courts should follow regarding media access/coverage.

Given the synonym "regulation" in sense 1 and the context of "court policy governing", I choose sense 1.

Wait, I need to be careful. The user said "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."

Examples for sense 1: "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast; short haircuts were the regulation"
Examples for sense 3: (none shown, but typically something like "rules of order")

The first example for sense 1 shows "rule" as a habit/custom ("his rule to take a walk"), but the second example shows "regulation" ("short haircuts were the regulation"). The context here is about court regulations/policies, not personal habits.

However, sense 1 covers both personal habits and regulations (as shown by the examples and synonyms).

Sense 3 is "prescribed guide" - this might be more formal.

But looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
- Sense 1: cognition -> generalization -> principle -> rule (as a principle governing behavior)
- Sense 3: communication -> message -> direction -> instruction -> rule (as a prescribed guide)

Court rules are typically considered "prescribed guides for conduct" (sense 3) rather than "principles that customarily govern behavior" (sense 1). Sense 1 is more about norms/customs, while sense 3 is more about official prescriptions.

But the line is blurry. However, given that the context involves Supreme Court decisions establishing policies, and "regulation" is the synonym for sense 1, and the context mentions "court policy", I think sense 1 is defensible.

But actually, looking at standard WordNet mappings:
- "rules of the road" -> sense 3
- "rules of evidence" -> sense 3
- "school rules" -> sense 3 or 1

Sense 8 is specifically for games.

Given that this is about court procedure/policy, and sense 3 is "prescribed guide for conduct or action", this seems like the most precise fit. Court rules are prescribed guides for how courts and media should conduct themselves.

However, sense 1 has "regulation" as a synonym, and the context is about "court policy governing coverage".

Let me check if there's any other clue. The text says: "make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials" and "new rules".

"Policy" aligns with "principle or condition that governs behavior" (sense 1).

Also, the text mentions "the rule of St. Dominic" (sense 9) and "rule of Caesar" (sense 7), but those are clearly different.

I think I should go with sense 1 or 3. Between them, sense 1 is indexed as 00 and sense 3 as 00 under different categories.

Actually, looking at the definition of sense 1 again: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior" - the word "customarily" suggests custom/habit, which might not fit official court rules perfectly.

Sense 3: "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - "prescribed" suggests official, formal rules, which fits court rules better.

But sense 1 also has "regulation" which is official.

Let me look at the examples again:
Sense 1: "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast" (personal habit) vs "short haircuts were the regulation" (official rule).

So sense 1 covers both personal rules and regulations.

Sense 3 is specifically about prescribed guides.

In the context of "new media required new rules" for court coverage, and referencing Supreme Court decisions that set precedents (principles) for how to handle media, sense 1 seems appropriate because it encompasses the legal principles/regulations that govern behavior.

But I'm torn between 1 and 3. Let me see if there's a way to decide.

The context mentions "court policy" - policy is closer to principle (sense 1) than to prescribed guide (sense 3)? Or maybe not.

Actually, looking at the WordNet entry for rule:
- Sense 1 (noun.cognition): rule, regulation - a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior
- Sense 3 (noun.communication): rule, prescript - prescribed guide for conduct or action

Court rules are definitely noun.communication in WordNet - they are directives, messages about what to do. They are "prescribed guides".

However, "regulation" is mapped to sense 1.

Given that the word "regulation" appears in the gloss of sense 1 and is conceptually related to the context (court policy), and the example includes "short haircuts were the regulation", sense 1 is a strong candidate.

But "prescript" in sense 3 is rare/archaic, while "prescribed guide" is clear.

I think for "court rules", WordNet typically uses sense 3. For example, if you look at "rules of evidence", "rules of procedure", these are prescribed guides.

However, the context here is slightly more abstract - "new rules" needed because of "new media", referring back to Sheppard v. Maxwell which established principles for fair trials vs. free press.

Sheppard v. Maxwell established the principle that excessive media coverage can violate fair trial rights. The "new rules" would be new principles or regulations to govern new media behavior.

Given the synonym "regulation" and the focus on governing behavior (media behavior), I will choose sense 1.

Wait, I should reconsider sense 8. Is there any chance this is about games? No, definitely not.

Sense 10? Natural phenomenon? No.

So it's between 1 and 3.

Let me check the indices:
1. rule%1:09:00::
3. rule%1:10:00::

In many WSD datasets, "rules" in the context of laws, regulations, or court rules is often mapped to sense 1 when emphasizing "regulation" or "principle", and sense 3 when emphasizing "prescribed guide".

Given the context emphasizes "court policy governing coverage", and "governs" appears in the gloss of sense 1 ("customarily governs behavior"), I think sense 1 is the intended answer.

Also, the mention of "regulation" as a synonym in sense 1 aligns with the legal context.

I choose sense 1.

But let me double-check: could it be sense 3?
"prescribed guide for conduct or action" - court rules are certainly this.
But sense 1 has the explicit link to "regulation" which is a legal term.

I think either could be argued, but sense 1 is slightly better because the context talks about "policy governing behavior" rather than specific prescribed actions.

Actually, looking at the sentence: "new rules" - this could mean new regulations (sense 1) or new prescribed guides (sense 3).

Given that the lawyers are arguing for adaptation to social changes, and "rules" here means the legal framework/principles that should apply, sense 1 (principle/condition governing behavior) fits well.

Final decision: sense 1.

Wait, I want to check one more thing. The context says: "make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials" and "new media required new rules".

If I substitute the definitions:
- "new media required new principles that govern behavior" (sense 1) - fits well
- "new media required new prescribed guides for conduct" (sense 3) - also fits well

But sense 1 has the word "governs" matching "governing" in the context ("court policy governing coverage").

This parallelism strongly suggests sense 1.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This <t>case</t>," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "case" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses a legal situation involving Mr. Hayes's lawyers, the Supreme Court, Dr. Sheppard's conviction, and trials.
- The specific sentence is: "This <t>case</t>," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."
- Sheppard v. Maxwell is a famous Supreme Court case about pretrial publicity and fair trials.
- The lawyers are referring to a legal proceeding or lawsuit.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. case%1:11:00:: - an occurrence of something (instance, example) - doesn't fit, this is about a legal matter
2. case%1:26:00:: - a special set of circumstances (event) - possible but too general
3. case%1:04:00:: - a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy (lawsuit, suit, cause, causa) - this fits perfectly. The context is about lawyers, courts, trials, and legal proceedings.
4. case%1:09:00:: - the actual state of things - doesn't fit
5. case%1:06:00:: - a portable container - doesn't fit
6. case%1:18:03:: - a person requiring professional services - doesn't fit
7. case%1:18:02:: - a person who is subjected to experimental procedures - doesn't fit
8. case%1:10:02:: - a problem requiring investigation - could fit in a general sense, but in legal context, sense 3 is more specific
9. case%1:10:01:: - a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument - doesn't fit
10. case%1:23:00:: - the quantity contained in a case - doesn't fit
11. case%1:10:00:: - grammatical case - doesn't fit
12. case%1:26:02:: - a specific state of mind - doesn't fit
13. case%1:18:04:: - a person of a specified kind - doesn't fit
14. case%1:10:03:: - a specific size and style of type - doesn't fit
15. case%1:08:00:: - an enveloping structure - doesn't fit
16. case%1:06:06:: - the housing or outer covering - doesn't fit
17. case%1:06:07:: - the enclosing frame around a door - doesn't fit
18. case%1:06:03:: - printing receptacle for type - doesn't fit
19. case%1:06:02:: - pillowcase - doesn't fit
20. case%1:06:01:: - display case - doesn't fit

The context clearly indicates a legal proceeding. The text mentions:
- "court policy"
- "appeals courts"
- "Mr. Hayes's lawyers"
- "Supreme Court's 1966 decision"
- "overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction"
- "trial coverage"
- "Sheppard v. Maxwell" (a famous legal case)

Sense 3 (case%1:04:00::) is defined as "a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy" with synonyms including lawsuit, suit, cause, causa. This is clearly the correct sense.

Sense 8 (case%1:10:02::) "a problem requiring investigation" might seem tempting because detectives solve "cases", but in this legal context where they're referring to Sheppard v. Maxwell (a legal case/cause/lawsuit), sense 3 is the correct legal terminology.

The index for sense 3 is 3 (based on the list provided: "3. sense_key=case%1:04:00::").

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: century
Target surface form: century
Context:
Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st <t>century</t>."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=century%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 100 years
2. sense_key=century%1:23:00:: | definition=ten 10s | synonyms=hundred, 100, C, one C

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "century" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "This case represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st <t>century</t>."
 - "21st century" refers to the time period - the 21st period of 100 years (years 2001-2100 or 2000-2099 depending on definition).
 - The reference is comparing a current case to a historical case (Sheppard v. Maxwell from 1966) but situating it in the current time period (21st century).

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=century%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 100 years
 2. sense_key=century%1:23:00:: | definition=ten 10s | synonyms=hundred, 100, C, one C

 Analysis:
 - Sense 1 (century%1:28:00::) refers to a period of 100 years, which is the temporal meaning. This fits "21st century" which refers to the 21st period of 100 years in the calendar.
 - Sense 2 (century%1:23:00::) refers to the number 100 (ten 10s), which is a mathematical/cardinal number sense. This would be used in contexts like "a century of runs" in cricket, or "score a century" meaning 100 points.

 In the phrase "21st century", we are clearly referring to the time period (100 years), not the number 100. The "21st" ordinal modifies "century" to indicate which 100-year period we're talking about.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me check the sense keys again:
 - sense_key=century%1:28:00:: - this is the time period sense (noun.time)
 - sense_key=century%1:23:00:: - this is the number sense (noun.quantity)

 Yes, sense 1 is the correct one.

 The user said "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key" and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 So I should return {"sense_index": 1} since the first candidate sense is the correct one.

 Actually, looking at the format: "sense_index" likely refers to the index in the list provided (1 or 2).

 So: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fraud
Target surface form: fraud
Context:
Sport and <t>fraud</t> law Tricks such as those of Alonso and Ramos before the Ajax demonstrate wittiness but not the will to get remove of a sanction.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fraud%1:04:00:: | definition=intentional deception resulting in injury to another person
2. sense_key=fraud%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who makes deceitful pretenses | synonyms=imposter, impostor, pretender, fake, faker, sham
3. sense_key=fraud%1:04:01:: | definition=something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage | synonyms=fraudulence, dupery, hoax, humbug, put-on

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "fraud" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - "Sport and fraud law"
 - "Tricks such as those of Alonso and Ramos before the Ajax demonstrate wittiness but not the will to get remove of a sanction."

 The context seems to be about sports law, specifically regarding fraud in sports. The mention of "Alonso and Ramos before the Ajax" likely refers to a specific incident in football (soccer) where players deliberately got yellow cards.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=fraud%1:04:00:: | definition=intentional deception resulting in injury to another person
    - This is a general definition of fraud as an act of deception causing injury.

 2. sense_key=fraud%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who makes deceitful pretenses | synonyms=imposter, impostor, pretender, fake, faker, sham
    - This refers to a person (the fraudster), not the concept/act itself. In the context "Sport and fraud law", "fraud" is modifying "law", suggesting it's about the concept/act, not a person.

 3. sense_key=fraud%1:04:01:: | definition=something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage | synonyms=fraudulence, dupery, hoax, humbug, put-on
    - This focuses on deliberate trickery to gain an advantage. The context mentions "Tricks" and discusses whether certain actions demonstrate "wittiness" vs. will to evade sanctions.

 The phrase "Sport and fraud law" suggests legal aspects of fraud in sports. The second sentence talks about "Tricks" by players.

 Comparing sense 1 and sense 3:
 - Sense 1 emphasizes "injury to another person"
 - Sense 3 emphasizes "deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage"

 In sports contexts, particularly regarding technical fouls or card manipulation (like deliberately getting a yellow card to serve a suspension before an important match), this is often considered a form of fraud or gamesmanship. The key is whether it's deception to gain an advantage.

 The context mentions "Tricks" which aligns with sense 3's synonyms (hoax, humbug, put-on, trickery). Also, the context questions whether these tricks show "wittiness" vs. "will to get remove of a sanction" (likely meaning "will to get rid of/remove a sanction"). This suggests the tricks are about gaining an advantage (avoiding future sanctions) through deception.

 However, looking at "Sport and fraud law" - this is likely referring to the legal concept of fraud. In legal contexts, fraud generally involves deception for gain or to cause injury.

 But let's look more carefully at the specific context. The sentence mentions "Tricks such as those of Alonso and Ramos before the Ajax". This refers to the 2010 incident where Xabi Alonso and Sergio Ramos deliberately got yellow cards in a Champions League match against Ajax so they would be suspended for the final group game (which was meaningless) but have their records clean for the knockout stages. This is a form of "professional foul" or gamesmanship.

 Is this "fraud" in the legal sense?
 - Sense 1: intentional deception resulting in injury to another person
 - Sense 3: something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage

 The Alonso/Ramos incident was about deliberately breaking rules to manipulate the disciplinary system. This could be seen as fraud under sense 3 (deliberate trickery to gain an advantage - the advantage being having a clean slate for knockout rounds).

 However, looking at the phrase "Sport and fraud law" - this appears to be a compound noun phrase where "fraud" is being used as a modifier for "law", or it's "Sport law and fraud law" (two types of law).

 Actually, looking at the context again: "Sport and fraud law" - this could be interpreted as "Sport and fraud" law (law concerning sport and fraud) or "Sport law and fraud law". Either way, it's referring to the legal domain.

 In legal terminology, "fraud" typically matches sense 1 (intentional deception resulting in injury) or sense 3 (deliberate trickery for advantage).

 But wait, looking at WordNet's organization:
 - fraud%1:04:00:: is the first sense, usually the most common.
 - fraud%1:04:01:: is a specific type.

 Let me check typical WordNet sense distinctions for "fraud":
 - Sense 1: intentional deception resulting in injury to another person (the general legal concept)
 - Sense 3: something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage (more specific, emphasizes the deceptive act/trick itself)

 The context mentions "Tricks" which maps well to sense 3 (deliberate trickery). The examples given in the context (Alonso and Ramos) are tricks/deceptions to gain an advantage (clearing yellow cards before knockout stage).

 Also, "fraud law" as a domain typically deals with fraudulent acts, but the specific mention of "tricks" suggests sense 3.

 However, I should reconsider sense 1. "Intentional deception resulting in injury to another person" - in the Alonso/Ramos case, was there injury to another person (Ajax)? Not really financial injury, but competitive disadvantage? Maybe.

 But sense 3 fits better with "tricks" and the idea of gaining an advantage (getting rid of sanctions). The phrase "will to get remove of a sanction" suggests the purpose is to manipulate the system to their advantage.

 Also, looking at the synonyms for sense 3: fraudulence, dupery, hoax, humbug, put-on. The word "tricks" in the context aligns with "hoax", "put-on", "dupery".

 Therefore, sense 3 seems the best fit.

 Wait, I need to be careful. The target is "fraud" in "Sport and fraud law". This could be referring to the legal concept of fraud generally (sense 1), or it could be referring to specific fraudulent practices (sense 3).

 But the disambiguation should be based on how the word is used in the specific context. The context immediately discusses "Tricks" and whether they constitute this type of behavior.

 Actually, looking carefully: "Sport and fraud law" is likely a domain or field of study. Then the sentence explains what this law deals with - tricks that demonstrate wittiness vs. will to evade sanctions.

 If "fraud law" refers to the body of law concerning fraud, it usually refers to the general concept (sense 1). But the specific examples given (the tricks) align with sense 3.

 Let me reconsider the WordNet senses more carefully. In WordNet:
 - fraud (noun) has three senses:
   1. intentional deception resulting in injury to another person
   2. a person who makes deceitful pretenses (imposter)
   3. something intended to deceive; deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage

 Sense 2 is clearly out because it's a person, and "fraud law" doesn't mean law about imposters specifically (though it could include it, the context is about tricks/actions).

 Between sense 1 and 3:
 - Sense 1 is the broader legal definition requiring injury/damage
 - Sense 3 is about trickery to gain advantage

 In many jurisdictions, sports fraud or match-fixing might fall under fraud laws, but the specific example given (deliberate yellow cards) is often called "cunning" or "gamesmanship" rather than legal fraud. However, the text is discussing it under "fraud law".

 The key phrase is "deliberate trickery intended to gain an advantage" (sense 3) vs. "intentional deception resulting in injury" (sense 1).

 The text mentions "will to get remove of a sanction" - this is gaining an advantage (clearing their record). It doesn't mention injury to Ajax (though that could be implied).

 Also, the word "Tricks" appears right after, which is semantically closer to sense 3 (trickery).

 Therefore, sense 3 is the best choice.

 One final check: Could "fraud" in "Sport and fraud law" be referring to sense 1 as a mass noun concept, while the examples illustrate specific instances? Yes, but the examples are crucial for disambiguation. The examples describe acts that fit sense 3 better than sense 1 (no clear injury mentioned, but clear advantage gained).

 Decision: sense_index 3