[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn
Target surface form: turns
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, <t>turns</t> healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face
2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: | definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | synonyms=change state | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism; The people turned against the President when he stole the election
3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: | definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key; turn your palm this way
5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, reverse | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: | definition=pass to the other side of | synonyms=move around | examples=turn the corner; move around the obstacle
7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: | definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow | examples=The weather turned nasty; She grew angry
8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: | definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | synonyms=release | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: | definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | synonyms=turn over | examples=turn a page of a book
11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: | definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: | definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | synonyms=plow, plough | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week; turn the earth in the Spring
13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: | definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table; turn the clay on the wheel
14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: | definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: | definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | synonyms=twist, sprain, wrench, wrick, rick | examples=wrench one's ankle; The wrestler twisted his shoulder
16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: | definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold
17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: | definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault; turn cartwheels
18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: | definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year
19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around
20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: | definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium
21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: | definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | synonyms=flex, bend, deform, twist | examples=bend the rod; twist the dough into a braid
22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: | definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10; turn the heat down
23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: | definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me; They turned their flashlights on the car
24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: | definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | synonyms=call on | examples=She called on her Representative to help her; She turned to her relatives for help
25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, ferment, work | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: | definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "turns" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, <t>turns</t> healthy colon cells cancerous."
 - The meaning here is that the impaired gene causes healthy colon cells to become cancerous.
 - This is a causative transformation sense - causing something to change into something else.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. turn%2:38:00:: - change orientation or direction - doesn't fit, not about physical turning
 2. turn%2:30:04:: - undergo a transformation - this is intransitive "we turned from Socialism" - but here we have "turns healthy colon cells cancerous" which is causative (the gene turns the cells cancerous)
 3. turn%2:42:00:: - undergo a change or development (become) - examples: "The water turned into ice" - this is close but the syntax here is "turns [object] [adjective]" or "turns [object] into [state]"
 4. turn%2:38:02:: - cause to move around or rotate - physical movement, not right
 5. turn%2:30:00:: - change to the contrary - not quite right
 6. turn%2:38:03:: - pass to the other side of - physical movement
 7. turn%2:30:03:: - pass into a condition gradually (grow) - "The weather turned nasty" - intransitive
 8. turn%2:35:08:: - let fall or spill - not right
 9. turn%2:38:04:: - move around an axis - physical
 10. turn%2:38:01:: - cause to move around a center - physical
 11. turn%2:38:06:: - send or let go - not right
 12. turn%2:36:00:: - plow - not right
 13. turn%2:35:06:: - shape by rotating - not right
 14. turn%2:30:09:: - change color - not right
 15. turn%2:29:00:: - twist/sprain - not right
 16. turn%2:42:13:: - cause to change or turn into something different; assume new characteristics - examples: "The princess turned the frog into a prince", "turn lead into gold"
 17. turn%2:41:10:: - accomplish by rotating - not right
 18. turn%2:40:13:: - get by buying and selling - not right
 19. turn%2:38:13:: - cause to move along an axis - physical
 20. turn%2:38:14:: - channel attention - not right
 21. turn%2:35:11:: - bend/deform - not right
 22. turn%2:35:10:: - alter functioning - not right
 23. turn%2:33:13:: - direct at someone - not right
 24. turn%2:32:14:: - have recourse to - not right
 25. turn%2:30:01:: - go sour - not right
 26. turn%2:30:14:: - become older - not right

 The key candidates are:
 - Sense 3: turn%2:42:00:: (undergo a change - become) - but this seems intransitive or "turn into"
 - Sense 16: turn%2:42:13:: (cause to change or turn into something different) - this is transitive causative

 In the sentence: "if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous"

 This is the pattern: turn [object] [adjective/state]
 Or arguably: turn [object] into [state] (with "into" omitted or implied)

 Actually, looking closely at sense 16: "cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics" with examples "The princess turned the frog into a prince" and "The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold".

 The structure "turns healthy colon cells cancerous" matches the causative transformation sense - the gene causes the cells to become cancerous.

 Sense 3 is "undergo a change" which would be intransitive (the cells turn cancerous), but here the subject is "the gene" and the object is "healthy colon cells". So it's causative.

 Therefore, sense 16 (turn%2:42:13::) is the best fit.

 Wait, let me double-check sense 3 vs sense 16.

 Sense 3: turn%2:42:00:: | undergo a change or development | become | The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
 - This can be used as "The cells turned cancerous" (intransitive)

 Sense 16: turn%2:42:13:: | cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | The princess turned the frog into a prince...
 - This is "turn [obj] into [state]" or causative

 In our sentence: "which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous"

 This is ambiguous - is "cancerous" a resultative adjective complement, or is "into" omitted?
 Actually, the structure is: turns [healthy colon cells] [cancerous]
 This is a resultative construction where "turn" means "cause to become".

 In WordNet, sense 16 specifically covers "cause to change or turn into something different" with the example "turn lead into gold".

 Sense 3 covers "undergo a change" (intransitive).

 Since the subject is the gene (which impairs and causes the change) and the object is the cells, this is clearly the causative sense.

 Therefore, the answer is sense 16.

 But wait, I need to check if there's any other sense that might fit.

 Sense 2: undergo a transformation or change of position or action - "We turned from Socialism to Capitalism" - this is change of state but intransitive or with "from...to"

 Sense 7: pass into a condition gradually - "The weather turned nasty" - intransitive

 Sense 16 is definitely the causative one that fits "turn [something] [into something]".

 Actually, looking at the index numbers in the list:
 1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00::
 2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04::
 3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00::
 4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02::
 5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00::
 6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03::
 7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03::
 8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08::
 9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04::
 10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01::
 11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06::
 12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00::
 13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06::
 14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09::
 15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00::
 16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13::
 17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10::
 18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13::
 19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13::
 20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14::
 21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11::
 22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10::
 23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13::
 24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14::
 25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01::
 26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14::

 So sense 16 is index 16.

 But I should verify: is there any chance this is sense 3 (turn%2:42:00::)?
 The definition for sense 3 is "undergo a change or development" with synonym "become".
 If we parse the sentence as "healthy colon cells [which are turned] cancerous" - but no, the syntax is clearly "turns healthy colon cells cancerous" where "turns" is the main verb, "healthy colon cells" is the object, and "cancerous" is the object complement.

 This is the causative sense.

 Sense 16: "cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics"

 Yes, this is the correct sense.

 One final check: could it be sense 2 (turn%2:30:04:: "undergo a transformation")?
 Examples: "We turned from Socialism to Capitalism"
 This is intransitive or with "from...to", not causative with direct object + adjective.

 So yes, sense 16 is correct.

 The JSON should be: {"sense_index": 16}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: healthy
Target surface form: healthy
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns <t>healthy</t> colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "healthy" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about cancer research, specifically about cancer-suppressor genes.
- The sentence containing the target word: "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns <t>healthy</t> colon cells cancerous."
- The meaning here is about colon cells that are in a good physiological state (not diseased) before becoming cancerous.

Candidate sense analysis:
1. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
   - This seems to fit best. The colon cells are being described as having good health (not cancerous), and when the gene is impaired, they become cancerous. This refers to the physical health of cells.

2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
   - This is about financial health, not applicable to biological cells.

3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
   - This describes things that promote health (like diet or air), not the state of being healthy itself. The cells themselves are not "promoting health" in the sense of being wholesome; they are simply in a healthy state.

4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
   - This is about judgment/skepticism, not biological health.

5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree
   - This refers to quantity/size, not applicable here.

The best fit is sense 1: "having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease". The colon cells are described as being in a state of good health (not diseased) before the gene impairment turns them cancerous.

The examples "a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy" align with the biological/physiological sense of health, which applies to cells as well.

Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: colon
Target surface form: colon
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy <t>colon</t> cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=colon%1:08:00:: | definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
2. sense_key=colon%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos | synonyms=El Salvadoran colon
3. sense_key=colon%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos | synonyms=Costa Rican colon
4. sense_key=colon%1:15:00:: | definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal | synonyms=Aspinwall
5. sense_key=colon%1:10:00:: | definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "colon" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about cancer research, specifically discussing genes that suppress cancer (cancer-suppressors).
- It mentions: "researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous."
- It also mentions "tissue from lung and breast cancers" later.
- The word "colon" here is clearly referring to a part of the human body related to cancer.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=colon%1:08:00:: | definition=the part of the large intestine between the cecum and the rectum; it extracts moisture from food residues before they are excreted
   - This is the anatomical sense - the large intestine. This fits perfectly with "colon cells" and "cancerous" (colorectal cancer is a common type).

2. sense_key=colon%1:23:01:: | definition=the basic unit of money in El Salvador; equal to 100 centavos
   - Currency sense. Doesn't fit with "cells" or the medical context.

3. sense_key=colon%1:23:00:: | definition=the basic unit of money in Costa Rica; equal to 100 centimos
   - Currency sense. Doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=colon%1:15:00:: | definition=a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal
   - Geographic location. Doesn't fit with "cells."

5. sense_key=colon%1:10:00:: | definition=a punctuation mark (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an explanation
   - Punctuation mark. Doesn't fit with "cells" or the biological context.

The context is clearly medical/biological, discussing cancer and cells. "Colon cells" refers to cells of the colon (large intestine). This is sense 1.

The target surface form is "colon" and it appears in the phrase "healthy colon cells". This is definitely referring to the anatomical structure.

Therefore, the correct sense is index 1.

Wait, I need to check the format. The user wants:
- A JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}
- Do not answer with a WordNet sense key
- Choose the single best indexed sense

So I should return {"sense_index": 1} since sense 1 is the anatomical one.

Let me double-check:
- The text mentions "colon cells" becoming cancerous
- This is about colorectal cancer (cancer of the colon)
- The other senses are: currency (El Salvador, Costa Rica), city (Panama), punctuation mark
- None of those make sense with "cells" and "cancerous"

Yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon <t>cells</t> cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "cells" in the given context.

 First, let's look at the context:
 - The text is about cancer research, genes, and biological processes
 - "the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth"
 - "turns healthy colon <t>cells</t> cancerous"
 - "tissue from lung and breast cancers"

 The target word "cells" appears in the phrase "turns healthy colon cells cancerous" and is clearly referring to biological cells - specifically colon cells (as in colon tissue/biology).

 Now let's examine the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
    - This refers to physical compartments like honeycomb cells. Not biological.

 2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
    - This is clearly the biological definition. It mentions "basic structural and functional unit of all organisms", "tissues", etc. This fits perfectly with "colon cells", "retinal cell growth", "cancer", etc.

 3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
    - This is about batteries/electric cells. Not relevant.

 4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
    - Political cells. Not relevant.

 5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
    - Cell phone. Not relevant.

 6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
    - Monastic cell. Not relevant.

 7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell
    - Prison cell. Not relevant.

 The context is clearly biological/medical - talking about genes, cancer, colon tissue, retinal growth. The word "cells" refers to biological cells.

 Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.

 Sense 2: cell%1:03:00:: - (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms...

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 2} (using the index number from the candidate list, which appears to be 1-indexed based on the list provided).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03::
 2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00::
 3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00::
 etc.

 So the biological sense is index 2.

 The instructions say: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 So I should return {"sense_index": 2}.

 Let me double-check:
 - Context: "colon cells" - biological context
 - Other mentions: "retinal cell growth", "cancer", "gene", "tissue"
 - Sense 2 definition: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals"
 - This matches perfectly.

 Yes, sense 2 is correct.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancerous
Target surface form: cancerous
Context:
Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells <t>cancerous</t>. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malignant:02 | definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
2. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malign:00 | definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him; pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "cancerous" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses cancer research, genes, and tumors
 - Specifically: "turns healthy colon cells cancerous"
 - This is referring to cells becoming malignant, relating to the medical condition of cancer

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malignant:02 | definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
    - This is the literal medical sense
    - "turns healthy colon cells cancerous" means the cells become cancerous/malignant in the medical sense
    - The example "a cancerous growth" fits the medical context

 2. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malign:00 | definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him; pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children
    - This is the metaphorical sense
    - Examples show figurative usage (remorse, pornography)
    - The context here is literal medical/scientific discussion of cells becoming cancerous

 The context is clearly discussing:
 - Retinoblastoma (a tumor)
 - Cancer-suppressor genes
 - Colon cells becoming cancerous (malignant)
 - Lung and breast cancers

 This is a literal medical context, not a metaphorical one. Therefore, sense 1 (relating to or affected with cancer / malignant) is the correct choice.

 The target word "cancerous" in "turns healthy colon cells cancerous" means the cells become affected by cancer, i.e., malignant.

 So the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 Wait, let me check the format. The user wants:
 {"sense_index": 3}

 But the senses are numbered 1 and 2 in the candidate list. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me double-check:
 - Sense 1: relating to or affected with cancer (medical/literal)
 - Sense 2: like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads (metaphorical)

 Context: "turns healthy colon cells cancerous" - this is clearly medical. The cells are becoming cancerous in the sense of developing cancer/malignancy.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: report
Target surface form: report
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing; he was a person of bad report

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "report" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about scientific research on cancer genes
 - "Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53..."
 - "Soon after that <t>report</t>, two other research teams uncovered evidence..."

 The target word "report" appears in the phrase "Soon after that report". What does "that report" refer to?
 - It refers back to the previous sentence where researchers "reported finding a gene called p53"
 - So "that report" refers to the act of reporting/informing about the finding, or potentially the written document describing the finding.

 Let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=report%1:10:03:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=study, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
 2. sense_key=report%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of informing by verbal report | synonyms=account | examples=he heard reports that they were causing trouble; by all accounts they were a happy couple
 3. sense_key=report%1:10:00:: | definition=a short account of the news | synonyms=news report, story, account, write up | examples=the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news
 4. sense_key=report%1:11:00:: | definition=a sharp explosive sound (especially the sound of a gun firing) | examples=they heard a violent report followed by silence
 5. sense_key=report%1:10:04:: | definition=a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment | synonyms=report card | examples=his father signed his report card
 6. sense_key=report%1:10:02:: | definition=an essay (especially one written as an assignment) | synonyms=composition, paper, theme | examples=he got an A on his composition
 7. sense_key=report%1:09:00:: | definition=the general estimation that the public has for a person | synonyms=reputation | examples=he acquired a reputation as an actor before he wrote writing; he was a person of bad report

 The context is about scientific research. The sentence is: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence..."

 "That report" refers to the announcement/publication of the discovery of the p53 gene. In scientific contexts, when researchers "report" findings, they are typically publishing a written document or paper describing their findings.

 However, looking at the specific usage: "Soon after that report" - this could mean:
 1. Soon after that written document was published (sense 1)
 2. Soon after that announcement/account was made (sense 2 or 3)

 But sense 1 is "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" with synonyms "study, written report". This fits well with scientific research publications.

 Sense 2 is "the act of informing by verbal report" - this emphasizes the act of informing, not the document itself. But in scientific contexts, "report" usually refers to the published paper/document.

 Sense 3 is "a short account of the news" - this is more journalistic/news media oriented.

 The context mentions "researchers reported finding a gene" - this use of "reported" as a verb refers to making known, announcing. But the noun "report" in "that report" likely refers to the publication or announcement of the findings.

 However, looking carefully at the flow:
 - "researchers reported finding a gene" (verb: announced, made known)
 - "Soon after that report" (noun: the announcement/publication)

 In scientific contexts, when we say "after that report", we usually mean after the publication/paper was released.

 But let me check the examples for sense 1: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" - this suggests sense 1 is about formal written documents like studies.

 Sense 2 examples: "he heard reports that they were causing trouble" - this is about rumors or verbal accounts.

 Sense 3 examples: "the report of his speech; the story was on the 11 o'clock news" - this is news reporting.

 Given that this is about scientific research published in a scientific context (researchers finding genes), sense 1 seems most appropriate: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group".

 However, I should consider if it could be sense 2. "The act of informing by verbal report" - but scientific findings are typically published as written documents, not just verbal reports.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys:
 - report%1:10:03:: is the written document sense
 - report%1:10:01:: is the act of informing
 - report%1:10:00:: is the news account

 In the context: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence..."

 This suggests that after the publication/announcement of the p53 gene discovery, other teams found related evidence in other cancers. This is most consistent with sense 1 (the written document describing findings) or possibly sense 2 (the act of informing).

 But "that report" as a noun phrase referring back to "researchers reported finding..." - the noun "report" here is likely referring to the publication itself.

 Actually, looking at the distinction between sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1: written document (study, written report)
 - Sense 2: act of informing (account)

 In scientific English, "report" can mean both the act of reporting and the document. But given the examples:
 - Sense 1 example: "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale" - clearly a written document
 - Sense 2 example: "he heard reports that they were causing trouble" - this is about information/rumors circulating

 In our context, "that report" refers to the specific scientific communication about the p53 gene. This is most likely a written scientific paper or study.

 Therefore, sense 1 (report%1:10:03::) seems best.

 Wait, let me reconsider. The text says "researchers reported finding a gene" - this is the verb. Then "Soon after that report" - this refers to the event of reporting or the document?

 If I say "He reported the news. Soon after that report...", "report" could be:
 - The act of reporting (he reported it, and soon after that reporting event...)
 - The document containing the report

 But in scientific contexts, "report" as a noun following a verb "reported" usually refers to the publication.

 However, looking at sense 3: "a short account of the news" - this is journalistic, not scientific research.

 Sense 1 is definitely the best fit for scientific findings: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group".

 But I want to double-check if there's any chance it's sense 2. Sense 2 is "the act of informing by verbal report". The example is "he heard reports that they were causing trouble". This is more about hearsay or verbal communication.

 In our text, it's about formal scientific research published in a scientific context (National Cancer Institute, researchers, etc.). This points strongly to sense 1.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet indices:
 - sense_key=report%1:10:03:: (index 3 in the list provided? No, the user lists them as 1-7)

 The user lists:
 1. sense_key=report%1:10:03::
 2. sense_key=report%1:10:01::
 3. sense_key=report%1:10:00::
 4. sense_key=report%1:11:00::
 5. sense_key=report%1:10:04::
 6. sense_key=report%1:10:02::
 7. sense_key=report%1:09:00::

 So if I choose sense 1, I return {"sense_index": 1}
 If I choose sense 2, I return {"sense_index": 2}
 etc.

 Given my analysis, sense 1 (the written document) is the best fit.

 But let me reconsider the exact context once more: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence..."

 Could "report" here mean the announcement/publication event? Yes. But in WordNet, is that sense 1 or sense 2?

 Sense 1: "a written document describing the findings..."
 Sense 2: "the act of informing by verbal report"

 The phrase "that report" refers to the content of what was reported - the discovery of the p53 gene. This is treated as a thing/document, not an act. You can say "after that report" meaning after the document was published.

 Also, the verb "reported" in the previous sentence is used in the sense of announcing findings, which typically results in a written report (sense 1).

 I think sense 1 is correct.

 Wait, I should check if there's any other interpretation. Could it be sense 3 (news report)? "a short account of the news". The text is from what appears to be a news article or magazine article about science. But "that report" refers to the scientists' report, not a news story about it. The scientists "reported finding a gene" - this is the scientific report, not a news report.

 So sense 1 is definitely better than sense 3.

 Sense 2: "the act of informing by verbal report" - this seems less likely because scientific findings of this nature are published as papers, not just verbal reports, and "that report" treats it as a noun referring to the object (the report), not the action.

 Therefore, I choose sense index 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "other" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"Soon after that report, two <t>other</t> research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

The word "other" here modifies "research teams". It refers to additional research teams beyond the ones already mentioned (Dr. Dryja's team and the researchers who reported finding p53 in colon cells).

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
   - This seems to fit. It means additional/different ones not already mentioned. The context is talking about two additional research teams beyond those already mentioned.

2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
   - This refers to time, like "the other day". Doesn't fit here.

3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
   - This means former/early. Doesn't fit here.

4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail
   - This means strange/unusual. Doesn't fit here.

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit. "Two other research teams" means two additional/different teams not already mentioned or implied.

The user wants only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. Since sense 1 is the correct one, I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The candidate senses are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. So I should return the index number.

Sense 1: other%3:00:00::
Sense 2: other%5:00:00:past:00
Sense 3: other%5:00:02:past:00
Sense 4: other%5:00:00:strange:00

Yes, index 1 is correct.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: teams
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research <t>teams</t> uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "teams" in the given context.

 Target lemma: team
 Target surface form: teams
 Context: The text is about cancer research, specifically mentioning "two other research teams" that uncovered evidence about a damaged p53 gene in lung and breast cancers.

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
 2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

 Analysis:
 - The context is about "research teams" - groups of scientists/researchers working together.
 - Sense 1 refers to a cooperative unit, especially in sports, but also generally applicable to groups working together (like research teams).
 - Sense 2 refers specifically to draft animals (like horses or oxen) pulling something, which is clearly not the meaning here.

 The word "teams" in "research teams" clearly refers to groups of people working together cooperatively. This matches sense 1 (team%1:14:00::), even though the gloss mentions "especially in sports," the definition "a cooperative unit" is broad enough to cover research teams, and the synonym "squad" also suggests a group working together.

 Sense 2 is about animals, which is completely wrong for this context.

 Therefore, the correct sense index is 1.

 Wait, I need to check the format. The user wants:
 {"sense_index": 3}

 But looking at the candidate senses, they are numbered 1 and 2. So I should return:
 {"sense_index": 1}

 Let me double-check the sense keys:
 1. team%1:14:00:: - a cooperative unit (especially in sports)
 2. team%1:14:01:: - two or more draft animals...

 Yes, sense 1 is correct for "research teams".

 The user said "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key" and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered <t>evidence</t> that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "evidence" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about cancer research
 - Scientists found a gene called p53 that, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous
 - Two other research teams uncovered "evidence" that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
    - This seems to be about the general concept of evidence as a basis for belief or knowledge
    - The example mentions "evidence that smoking causes lung cancer" which is similar to the context about cancer research

 2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
    - This seems to be about a specific indication or sign that makes something evident
    - The example shows "trembling was evidence of fear" - this is more about a direct sign/symptom

 3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved
    - This is specifically legal evidence
    - The context is about scientific research, not legal proceedings

 Now, looking at the specific usage: "two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."

 This is scientific evidence - knowledge or data that supports a belief or conclusion. The researchers found proof/basis for believing that the damaged p53 gene is present in other cancers.

 Sense 1 (evidence%1:09:00::) fits best because:
 - It's about the basis for belief or knowledge
 - The example given ("the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer") is very similar to the context (evidence that p53 gene is present in lung and breast cancers)
 - It's the general, scientific meaning of evidence as grounds for belief

 Sense 2 could potentially fit, but it's more about an indication that makes something evident in a direct way (like trembling showing fear). While scientific findings are indications, sense 1 is more about the accumulation of knowledge/grounds for belief in a research context.

 Sense 3 is clearly wrong because it's legal-specific.

 The key distinction between sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1: "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief" - this is about the body of information that supports a conclusion
 - Sense 2: "an indication that makes something evident" - this is about a specific sign or manifestation

 In the context, "uncovered evidence" refers to finding scientific proof/data that supports the hypothesis about the p53 gene. This aligns with sense 1 - the basis for belief. The researchers found grounds to believe that the gene is present in other cancers.

 Also, looking at the example for sense 1: "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling" - this is exactly parallel to "evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present..."

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1 (index 1).

 Wait, I need to check the sense keys carefully:
 - evidence%1:09:00:: is sense 1
 - evidence%1:10:01:: is sense 2
 - evidence%1:10:00:: is sense 3

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the <t>same</t> damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "same" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses cancer research, specifically about the p53 gene
 - "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
 - The key phrase is "the same damaged p53 gene"
 - This refers to the identical gene (p53) that was previously mentioned in the context of colon cancer now being found in lung and breast cancers

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
    - This sense refers to identity - the exact same entity, not just similar ones.
    - In the context, it means the identical p53 gene (the same specific gene) that was found in colon cancer is also found in lung and breast cancers.

 2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
    - This refers to similarity or comparability, not identity.
    - The context isn't saying a similar gene, but the identical gene.

 3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
    - This refers to equality in amount/value.
    - Not applicable here - we're not talking about amounts.

 4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever
    - This refers to something remaining unchanged over time.
    - Not applicable here - we're not talking about the gene staying unchanged over time, but rather the same gene being present in different cancer types.

 The context clearly indicates that the identical p53 gene (the one previously identified in colon cancer) is also found in lung and breast cancers. This is about identity - it's the same specific gene, not just a similar one.

 Therefore, sense 1 (same%3:00:02:: - same in identity) is the correct choice.

 The example "the same man I saw yesterday" parallels "the same damaged p53 gene" - both refer to the identical entity.

 So the answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damaged
Target surface form: damaged
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same <t>damaged</t> p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "damaged" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about cancer research and genes
- Specifically mentions "the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers"
- p53 is a gene that, if impaired, turns healthy cells cancerous
- The gene is described as "damaged" in the context of being present in cancer tissue

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=damaged%3:00:00:: | definition=harmed or injured or spoiled | examples=I won't buy damaged goods; the storm left a wake of badly damaged buildings
   - This sense refers to physical harm, injury, or spoilage
   - In the context, the p53 gene is being described as damaged, meaning it's harmed/impaired in some way that causes it to malfunction
   - This fits well with biological/genetic context where genes can be damaged (mutated, harmed)

2. sense_key=damaged%5:00:00:disreputable:00 | definition=being unjustly brought into disrepute | synonyms=discredited | examples=a discredited politician; her damaged reputation
   - This sense refers to reputation, being discredited
   - The context is about a gene, not about reputation or social standing
   - "Damaged p53 gene" clearly refers to the physical/biological state of the gene, not its reputation

The context clearly indicates that the p53 gene is biologically harmed or impaired (damaged), which aligns with sense 1. The gene is not being brought into disrepute; rather, its physical structure or function is compromised.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: present
Target surface form: present
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is <t>present</t> in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=present%3:00:01:: | definition=temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration | examples=the present leader; articles for present use
2. sense_key=present%3:00:02:: | definition=being or existing in a specified place | examples=the murderer is present in this room; present at the wedding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "present" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is: "Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is <t>present</t> in tissue from lung and breast cancers."
- The word "present" here describes the state of the damaged p53 gene being found/existing in tissue from lung and breast cancers.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=present%3:00:01: | definition=temporal sense; intermediate between past and future; now existing or happening or in consideration | examples=the present leader; articles for present use
   - This is the temporal sense meaning "current" or "now"
   - Examples show "present leader" (current leader) and "present use" (current use)
   - This doesn't fit because we're not talking about time here, we're talking about location/existence in tissue

2. sense_key=present%3:00:02: | definition=being or existing in a specified place | examples=the murderer is present in this room; present at the wedding
   - This means "existing in a particular place"
   - Examples show physical presence in a location
   - In our context, the gene is present (exists) in the tissue
   - This fits perfectly - the gene is existing/being found in the tissue samples

The context is about a gene being found/existing in tissue from cancers. This is about spatial existence, not temporal existence.

Sense 2 is clearly the correct choice: "being or existing in a specified place"

The target word is describing that the gene exists in the tissue - it's physically there.

So the answer should be: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tissue
Target surface form: tissue
Context:
"It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in <t>tissue</t> from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "tissue" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about cancer research
 - It mentions "tissue from lung and breast cancers"
 - It's discussing biological/medical research about genes and cancer
 - The word "tissue" here refers to biological tissue - groups of cells from organs (lung, breast)

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=tissue%1:08:00:: | definition=part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
    - This is the biological sense - groups of cells forming a structure in an organism
    - Fits the context: "tissue from lung and breast cancers" means biological samples from these organs

 2. sense_key=tissue%1:27:02:: | definition=a soft thin (usually translucent) paper | synonyms=tissue paper
    - This is tissue paper (like Kleenex)
    - Does not fit the medical/biological context about cancer research

 The context clearly indicates biological tissue (groups of cells), not paper tissue.

 Therefore, the correct sense is index 1.

 I need to return: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the <t>most</t> common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "most" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the <t>most</t> common and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

 Here, "most" is modifying the adjectives "common" and "lethal" to form the superlative degree. It's saying these cancers are the highest degree of common and lethal among forms of the disease.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
    - This fits perfectly. "most common" = superlative form of common. "most lethal" = superlative form of lethal.
    - The example "the king cobra is the most dangerous snake" parallels the structure "the most common and lethal forms".

 2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
    - This would be used in constructions like "a most welcome relief" where "most" means "very" and doesn't form a superlative with "the" in the same way.
    - In our context, we have "the most common", which is clearly superlative, not the intensifier "very".

 3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded
    - This sense is synonymous with "almost" or "nearly".
    - The context doesn't suggest "almost common" or "nearly lethal" - it means they are the highest degree of common and lethal.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The target word is used to form the superlative degree of the adjectives "common" and "lethal".

 I need to return: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: common
Target surface form: common
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most <t>common</t> and lethal forms of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
2. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor
4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term
6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "common" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses cancer research
- It mentions: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most <t>common</t> and lethal forms of the disease"
- This means these types of cancer occur most frequently, are most widespread, or are encountered most often among the population

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: - belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public
   - This refers to communal ownership or public access. Doesn't fit here.

2. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: - having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual
   - This seems relevant. "Widely known or commonly encountered" fits with cancers being frequent/prevalent.

3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 - common to or shared by two or more parties
   - This refers to mutual/shared things between parties. Not about frequency of diseases.

4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 - commonly encountered
   - This is very close to sense 2 but seems more specific to "familiar" things. The synonym is "usual".

5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 - being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language
   - About language style. Not relevant.

6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 - of or associated with the great masses of people
   - Social class connotation. Not relevant to disease frequency.

7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 - of low or inferior quality or value
   - Quality judgment. Not relevant.

8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 - lacking refinement or cultivation or taste
   - Manners/behavior. Not relevant.

9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 - to be expected; standard
   - This could work but seems more about expectations/norms rather than frequency.

The key meaning in the context is about frequency/prevalence - these cancers occur most often, affect the most people, are most frequently encountered.

Between sense 2 (common%3:00:01::) and sense 4 (common%5:00:00:familiar:02):

Sense 2: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual"
- "commonly encountered" fits well with diseases being frequent
- "usual" also fits

Sense 4: "commonly encountered" with synonym "usual"
- This seems to be a satellite adjective sense (indicated by %5 in the sense key)
- The gloss is "commonly encountered"
- The examples: "a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting"

Wait, I need to check WordNet structure. In WordNet, sense keys with %5 are satellite adjectives (linked to head adjectives). But the question asks for indexed senses.

Actually, looking at the sense keys:
- %3:00:02:: and %3:00:01:: are adjective senses (3 = adjective, 00 = ?)
- %5:00:00:shared:00 etc. are also adjective satellites

But the question lists them as separate candidate senses numbered 1-9.

In the context: "most common and lethal forms"
- This means most frequently occurring, most prevalent
- "Common" here means occurring frequently, widespread

Sense 2 (common%3:00:01::) seems to be the core sense covering "widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual"
Sense 4 (common%5:00:00:familiar:02) specifically focuses on "commonly encountered" with synonym "usual"

However, looking at the examples for sense 4: "a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting" - this fits well with diseases being frequently encountered medical complaints.

But sense 2 includes "commonly encountered" in its definition and has examples like "the common man; a common sailor" which suggest ordinariness, but also the definition includes "widely known or commonly encountered".

Actually, looking carefully at standard WordNet:
- common%3:00:01:: is usually the sense for "common" meaning widespread, prevalent, frequent
- common%5:00:00:familiar:02 is a satellite of familiar? No, the sense key format %5:00:00:familiar:02 suggests it's a satellite adjective with familiar as the head?

Wait, WordNet sense keys:
- For adjectives: %3:00:xx:yy for head adjectives
- %5:00:00:head_word:sense_num for satellite adjectives

But in the list:
- sense 4 has key common%5:00:00:familiar:02, meaning it's a satellite of familiar%3:00:02:: or similar?

Actually, looking at the definitions:
- sense 4: definition="commonly encountered", synonyms="usual"
- This matches the meaning of frequently occurring

But sense 2 also covers this with "commonly encountered"

However, in the context of disease frequency, "common" means occurring frequently among the population, which aligns with "commonly encountered" or "usual".

But I need to check which is the better fit. Let me look at the examples again:

Sense 2 examples: "the common man; a common sailor" - these suggest ordinary, undistinguished individuals, not necessarily frequent occurrences.

Sense 4 examples: "a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting" - these suggest things that happen frequently, are often encountered.

The context is about cancers being the most frequent/most often occurring types. So sense 4 "commonly encountered" seems more precise.

However, sense 9 "ordinary:00" with definition "to be expected; standard" could also fit.

But typically, when we say "common disease" or "common cancer", we mean it occurs frequently, is prevalent. In WordNet, the sense for "frequent" or "prevalent" is usually sense 2 (common%3:00:01::) or sometimes distinguished from "ordinary".

Wait, let me reconsider the WordNet structure. In WordNet 3.0 or similar:
- common, mutual (shared): common%5:00:00:shared:00 (sense 3 above)
- common (usual): common%5:00:00:familiar:02 (sense 4 above) - meaning "commonly encountered"
- common (ordinary): common%3:00:01:: (sense 2 above) - meaning "having no special distinction... average or ordinary or usual"

But "common" in "common cancer" is closer to "frequently occurring" which maps to "commonly encountered" (sense 4) rather than "ordinary" (sense 2).

However, looking at standard dictionaries, "common" meaning "occurring frequently" is often considered the same sense as "widespread" or "prevalent".

Actually, looking at the sense indices and the format, I should treat these as distinct options provided by the user.

Context analysis:
- "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal forms of the disease"
- Paraphrase: These cancers occur most frequently / are most prevalent / are encountered most often

Comparing sense 2 and sense 4:
- Sense 2: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual"
- Sense 4: "commonly encountered" (synonyms: usual)

Sense 4 is more specific to the "frequently occurring" aspect, while sense 2 is broader including "ordinary" and "undistinguished".

But wait, "common complaint" (example in sense 4) is exactly parallel to "common cancers" - both refer to medical conditions that occur frequently.

Also, sense 2's examples "the common man; a common sailor" refer to social status/ordinariness, not frequency of occurrence.

Therefore, sense 4 seems better.

But I should also consider sense 9: "to be expected; standard". This could work but "standard" doesn't quite capture the statistical frequency aspect as well as "commonly encountered".

Sense 4 with synonym "usual" and definition "commonly encountered" is the best fit for diseases that occur frequently.

Wait, looking back at sense 2's definition: "widely known or commonly encountered" - it also contains "commonly encountered". But its examples suggest the "ordinary/undistinguished" meaning.

In WSD tasks, when a word means "frequent" or "prevalent", it typically maps to the sense that includes "commonly occurring". Between sense 2 and 4, sense 4 is specifically tagged with the familiar/encountered aspect.

Actually, looking at the sense keys provided:
- sense 2: common%3:00:01:: (this is likely the first/main adjective sense)
- sense 4: common%5:00:00:familiar:02 (this is a satellite adjective)

In many WordNet versions, the "frequent/prevalent" meaning is covered by sense 2 (common%3:00:01::), but here sense 4 is explicitly defined as "commonly encountered" with example "a common complaint".

Given the examples:
- Sense 4 example "a common complaint" is almost identical in structure to "common cancers" in the context
- Both refer to medical issues that occur frequently

Therefore, sense 4 is the best match.

But let me double-check if there's any trick. The word "common" modifies "forms of the disease" (cancers). So "common forms" = forms that occur frequently.

Sense 4: "commonly encountered" - yes.
Sense 2: "commonly encountered" - also yes, but with connotation of "ordinary".

Given that sense 4 is specifically about being encountered often (with "usual" as synonym), and has the medical example "common complaint", this is the strongest candidate.

Sense index 4 corresponds to sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02.

Wait, I need to make sure about the numbering. The user lists:
1. sense_key=common%3:00:02::
2. sense_key=common%3:00:01::
3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00
4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02
5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02
6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00
7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02
8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01
9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00

So sense_index would be 4.

But I want to verify if sense 2 could be correct. In many traditional dictionaries, "common" meaning "frequent" is distinct from "common" meaning "shared" or "ordinary". In WordNet specifically:

Looking at WordNet 3.1 or similar:
- common%3:00:01:: usually has gloss: "belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public" - no wait, that's sense 1 here.
- sense 2 here is "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual"

Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
- common%3:00:01:: is "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual"
- common%3:00:02:: is "belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public"

And the satellites include:
- common%5:00:00:shared:00 (mutual)
- common%5:00:00:familiar:02 (commonly encountered)

Given that the context is about statistical frequency (most common = highest incidence), and sense 4 explicitly defines it as "commonly encountered" with synonym "usual", and gives the medical example "a common complaint", this is clearly the best fit.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 4}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: form
Target surface form: forms
Context:
"All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors. Dr. Dryja made his retinoblastoma discovery in 1986. Then last spring, researchers reported finding a gene called p53 which, if impaired, turns healthy colon cells cancerous. Soon after that report, two other research teams uncovered evidence that the same damaged p53 gene is present in tissue from lung and breast cancers. Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal <t>forms</t> of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year. Right now about a dozen laboratories, in the U.S., Canada and Britain, are racing to unmask other suspected tumor-suppressing genes.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: | definition=the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something | synonyms=word form, signifier, descriptor | examples=the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached
2. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, variety | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
3. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: | definition=a perceptual structure | synonyms=shape, pattern | examples=the composition presents problems for students of musical form; a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them
4. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: | definition=any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline) | synonyms=shape, configuration, contour, conformation | examples=he could barely make out their shapes
5. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: | definition=alternative names for the body of a human being | synonyms=human body, physical body, material body, soma, build, figure | examples=Leonardo studied the human body; he has a strong physique
6. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: | definition=the spatial arrangement of something as distinct from its substance | synonyms=shape | examples=geometry is the mathematical science of shape
7. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: | definition=the visual appearance of something or someone | synonyms=shape, cast | examples=the delicate cast of his features
8. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: | definition=a printed document with spaces in which to write | examples=he filled out his tax form
9. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: | definition=(biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups | synonyms=variant, strain, var. | examples=a new strain of microorganisms
10. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: | definition=an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse | examples=the essay was in the form of a dialogue; he first sketches the plot in outline form
11. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: | definition=a particular mode in which something is manifested | examples=his resentment took the form of extreme hostility
12. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: | definition=(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary | synonyms=phase | examples=the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system
13. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who are taught together | synonyms=class, grade, course | examples=early morning classes are always sleepy
14. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: | definition=an ability to perform well | examples=he was at the top of his form; the team was off form last night
15. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: | definition=a life-size dummy used to display clothes | synonyms=mannequin, manikin, mannikin, manakin
16. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: | definition=a mold for setting concrete | examples=they built elaborate forms for pouring the foundation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "forms" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "Colon, lung and breast cancers are the most common and lethal <t>forms</t> of the disease, collectively killing almost 200,000 Americans a year."

 Here, "forms" refers to types or kinds of cancer. The sentence is saying that colon, lung, and breast cancers are the most common and lethal types/kinds of the disease (cancer).

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=form%1:10:00:: - This is about phonological or orthographic appearance of a word. Not relevant here.

 2. sense_key=form%1:09:01:: - Definition: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality". Synonyms: kind, sort, variety. Examples: "sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?"
 This fits perfectly. The sentence is talking about colon, lung, and breast cancers being categories/kinds/types of cancer.

 3. sense_key=form%1:09:00:: - Definition: "a perceptual structure". This is about patterns or shapes in perception. Not relevant.

 4. sense_key=form%1:07:01:: - Definition: "any spatial attributes". This is about physical shape. Not relevant.

 5. sense_key=form%1:08:00:: - Definition: alternative names for the body of a human being. Not relevant.

 6. sense_key=form%1:03:00:: - Definition: "the spatial arrangement of something". Not relevant.

 7. sense_key=form%1:07:00:: - Definition: "the visual appearance of something". Not relevant.

 8. sense_key=form%1:10:01:: - Definition: "a printed document with spaces in which to write". Not relevant.

 9. sense_key=form%1:14:02:: - Definition: "(biology) a group of organisms within a species...". This is about biological variants/strains. While cancer is biological, the context is talking about types of cancer (colon vs lung vs breast), not variants within a species. However, this could be tempting because it mentions biology. But "forms of the disease" refers to types/kinds of cancer, not biological variants of organisms.

 10. sense_key=form%1:10:02:: - Definition: "an arrangement of the elements in a composition or discourse". Not relevant.

 11. sense_key=form%1:07:03:: - Definition: "a particular mode in which something is manifested". This is close - "his resentment took the form of extreme hostility". But here we're talking about specific types of cancer (colon, lung, breast), not manifestations of a general concept.

 12. sense_key=form%1:26:00:: - Definition: "(physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter". Not relevant.

 13. sense_key=form%1:14:00:: - Definition: "a body of students". Not relevant.

 14. sense_key=form%1:07:02:: - Definition: "an ability to perform well". Not relevant.

 15. sense_key=form%1:06:00:: - Definition: "a life-size dummy". Not relevant.

 16. sense_key=form%1:06:01:: - Definition: "a mold for setting concrete". Not relevant.

 The best fit is clearly sense 2: "a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality" with synonyms "kind, sort, variety".

 The context lists specific types of cancer (colon, lung, breast) as forms (kinds/types) of the disease.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.