[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: Ringers
Context:
The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. <t>Ringers</t> memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "Ringers" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about "change-ringing" ( English church bell ringing)
- It mentions "carillons of continental Europe"
- It talks about "change-ringing" requiring physical dexterity and mental concentration
- It mentions "English bells" started off in "rounds"
- "Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order..."
- It mentions "Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as 'methods'"
- It talks about a "peal" taking three hours

This is clearly about bell ringing. The people who ring church bells are called "ringers."

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
   - This matches perfectly. The context is about English change-ringing on church bells. The people doing it are memorizing methods and ringing bells.

2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
   - This doesn't fit. Context is about bells, not look-alikes.

3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
   - This is the "ringer" as in someone fraudulently entered into a competition. Doesn't fit the bell-ringing context.

4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
   - This is a noun referring to the act/result in horseshoes, not people. Also doesn't fit bell context.

So sense 1 (ringer%1:18:02::) is clearly the correct sense.

The user wants the output format to be: {"sense_index": 3} or similar.

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02::
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01::
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00::
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00::

So:
- Index 1 corresponds to the bell ringer sense
- Index 2 corresponds to the dead ringer/clone sense
- Index 3 corresponds to the fraudulent contestant sense
- Index 4 corresponds to the horseshoes sense

Therefore, the correct answer is index 1.

The instructions say: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I should return: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DigitalOcean


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: method
Target surface form: methods
Context:
The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "<t>methods</t>, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=method%1:09:00:: | definition=a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)
2. sense_key=method%1:04:00:: | definition=an acting technique introduced by Stanislavsky in which the actor recalls emotions or reactions from his or her own life and uses them to identify with the character being portrayed | synonyms=method acting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "methods" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about change-ringing (bell ringing)
 - Ringers memorize patterns of changes
 - These patterns are called "methods"
 - Examples given: "Kent Treble Bob Major" or "Grandsire Caters"
 - These are systematic ways/approaches to varying the order of bells

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=method%1:09:00:: | definition=a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)
    - This fits perfectly. The "methods" in the context are systematic ways of varying the order of bells, with orderly logical arrangements (patterns of changes). They have specific names and rules.

 2. sense_key=method%1:04:00:: | definition=an acting technique introduced by Stanislavsky in which the actor recalls emotions or reactions from his or her own life and uses them to identify with the character being portrayed | synonyms=method acting
    - This is clearly about acting/theater. The context is about bell ringing, not acting. So this is incorrect.

 The context describes "methods" as patterns of changes that ringers memorize - these are systematic procedures for ringing bells in specific sequences. This aligns with sense 1.

 The target surface form is "methods" (plural), but the lemma is "method". The sense keys provided are:
 1. method%1:09:00:: - this is the general sense of a way of doing something systematically
 2. method%1:04:00:: - this is the specific acting sense

 The context clearly supports sense 1.

 I need to return a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1} or {"sense_index": 2} based on which sense is best.

 Since sense 1 is the correct one, I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: ModelRun

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: name
Target surface form: names
Context:
The less complicated version of playing tunes on bells, as do the carillons of continental Europe, is considered by the English to be childish, fit only for foreigners. Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding <t>names</t> like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=name%1:10:00:: | definition=a language unit by which a person or thing is known | examples=his name really is George Washington; those are two names for the same thing
2. sense_key=name%1:26:00:: | definition=a person's reputation | examples=he wanted to protect his good name
3. sense_key=name%1:14:00:: | definition=family based on male descent | synonyms=gens | examples=he had no sons and there was no one to carry on his name
4. sense_key=name%1:18:00:: | definition=a well-known or notable person | synonyms=figure, public figure | examples=they studied all the great names in the history of France; she is an important figure in modern music
5. sense_key=name%1:04:00:: | definition=by the sanction or authority of | examples=halt in the name of the law
6. sense_key=name%1:10:01:: | definition=a defamatory or abusive word or phrase | synonyms=epithet

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "names" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about change-ringing (bell ringing)
 - It mentions that ringers memorize patterns of changes called "methods"
 - These methods have "odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters"
 - So "names" here refers to what these methods are called - the labels or designations given to them.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=name%1:10:00:: | definition=a language unit by which a person or thing is known | examples=his name really is George Washington; those are two names for the same thing
    - This seems to fit. The methods are given names (labels) by which they are known. "Kent Treble Bob Major" is the name (label) of a method.

 2. sense_key=name%1:26:00:: | definition=a person's reputation | examples=he wanted to protect his good name
    - This is about reputation, not applicable here.

 3. sense_key=name%1:14:00:: | definition=family based on male descent | synonyms=gens | examples=he had no sons and there was no one to carry on his name
    - This is about family lineage/surname continuation, not applicable.

 4. sense_key=name%1:18:00:: | definition=a well-known or notable person | synonyms=figure, public figure | examples=they studied all the great names in the history of France; she is an important figure in modern music
    - This refers to famous people ("big names"), not applicable to bell ringing methods.

 5. sense_key=name%1:04:00:: | definition=by the sanction or authority of | examples=halt in the name of the law
    - This is about authority ("in the name of"), not applicable.

 6. sense_key=name%1:10:01:: | definition=a defamatory or abusive word or phrase | synonyms=epithet
    - This is about insults/epithets, not applicable.

 So sense 1 is clearly the best fit. The text is talking about the specific designations or labels given to bell-ringing methods - "Kent Treble Bob Major" and "Grandsire Caters" are names (language units) by which these methods are known.

 The example in sense 1 even mentions "those are two names for the same thing" which aligns with the idea that these methods have names.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: series
Target surface form: series
Context:
Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A <t>series</t> of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=series%1:14:00:: | definition=similar things placed in order or happening one after another | examples=they were investigating a series of bank robberies
2. sense_key=series%1:10:01:: | definition=a serialized set of programs | synonyms=serial | examples=a comedy series; the Masterworks concert series
3. sense_key=series%1:10:00:: | definition=a periodical that appears at scheduled times | synonyms=serial, serial publication
4. sense_key=series%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) several contests played successively by the same teams | examples=the visiting team swept the series
5. sense_key=series%1:24:00:: | definition=(electronics) connection of components in such a manner that current flows first through one and then through the other | examples=the voltage divider consisted of a series of fixed resistors
6. sense_key=series%1:14:01:: | definition=a group of postage stamps having a common theme or a group of coins or currency selected as a group for study or collection | examples=the Post Office issued a series commemorating famous American entertainers; his coin collection included the complete series of Indian-head pennies
7. sense_key=series%1:09:00:: | definition=(mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "series" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about change-ringing (bell ringing).
- It mentions: "A <t>series</t> of 5,000 or so changes is a 'peal' and takes about three hours."
- So a "series" here refers to a sequence of changes (variations in bell ringing order) that happen one after another.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=series%1:14:00:: | definition=similar things placed in order or happening one after another | examples=they were investigating a series of bank robberies
   - This seems to fit well. The "changes" are similar things (variations in bell ringing) placed in order or happening one after another. 5,000 changes happening in sequence.

2. sense_key=series%1:10:01:: | definition=a serialized set of programs | synonyms=serial | examples=a comedy series; the Masterworks concert series
   - This is about TV/radio programs. Not relevant.

3. sense_key=series%1:10:00:: | definition=a periodical that appears at scheduled times | synonyms=serial, serial publication
   - This is about publications/magazines. Not relevant.

4. sense_key=series%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) several contests played successively by the same teams | examples=the visiting team swept the series
   - Sports context. Not relevant.

5. sense_key=series%1:24:00:: | definition=(electronics) connection of components in such a manner that current flows first through one and then through the other | examples=the voltage divider consisted of a series of fixed resistors
   - Electronics context. Not relevant.

6. sense_key=series%1:14:01:: | definition=a group of postage stamps having a common theme or a group of coins or currency selected as a group for study or collection | examples=the Post Office issued a series commemorating famous American entertainers; his coin collection included the complete series of Indian-head pennies
   - Collectibles. Not relevant.

7. sense_key=series%1:09:00:: | definition=(mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions
   - Math context. Not relevant.

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit: "similar things placed in order or happening one after another". The changes in bell ringing are similar events happening one after another in a specific order, and a "series" of 5,000 changes constitutes a peal.

The index for this sense is 1.

Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=series%1:14:00::
2. sense_key=series%1:10:01::
3. sense_key=series%1:10:00::
4. sense_key=series%1:11:00::
5. sense_key=series%1:24:00::
6. sense_key=series%1:14:01::
7. sense_key=series%1:09:00::

So sense 1 is the first one in the list.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: takes
Context:
Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and <t>takes</t> about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the target word "takes" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal" and <t>takes</t> about three hours."

The sentence is saying that a peal (a series of 5,000 changes in change-ringing) requires or consumes about three hours of time.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
   - Doesn't fit. "Takes about three hours" doesn't mean carrying out.

2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
   - This fits perfectly. The example "It took three hours to get to work this morning" is almost identical in structure and meaning to "takes about three hours" in the context.

3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide
   - Doesn't fit. No indication of leading or guiding.

4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically
   - Doesn't fit. Not about physically taking something.

5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect
   - Doesn't fit. Not about assuming a form.

6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way
   - Doesn't fit.

7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere
   - Doesn't fit.

8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession
   - Doesn't fit.

9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation
   - Doesn't fit.

10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose
    - Doesn't fit.

11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered
    - Doesn't fit.

12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles
    - Doesn't fit.

13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes
    - Doesn't fit.

14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did
    - This is close, but this sense is about requiring qualities or characteristics (nerve, courage, etc.), not about time duration. The example shows "It takes nerve" not "It takes time."

15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to
    - Doesn't fit.

16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something
    - Doesn't fit.

17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete
    - Doesn't fit.

18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly
    - Doesn't fit.

19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly
    - Doesn't fit.

20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose
    - Doesn't fit.

21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force
    - Doesn't fit.

22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on (positions)
    - Doesn't fit.

23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community
    - Doesn't fit.

24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring
    - Doesn't fit.

25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject
    - Doesn't fit.

26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence
    - Doesn't fit.

27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction
    - Doesn't fit.

28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons)
    - Doesn't fit.

29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way
    - Doesn't fit.

30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person
    - Doesn't fit.

31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract
    - Doesn't fit.

32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly (subscribe)
    - Doesn't fit.

33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select
    - Doesn't fit.

34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort
    - Doesn't fit.

35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use
    - Doesn't fit.

36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea
    - Doesn't fit.

37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take
    - Doesn't fit.

38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing
    - Doesn't fit.

39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit
    - Doesn't fit.

40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle
    - Doesn't fit.

41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning
    - Doesn't fit.

42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness
    - Doesn't fit.

The best match is clearly sense 2: "require (time or space)" with synonyms "occupy, use up" and the example "It took three hours to get to work this morning."

This is the standard sense used when saying something "takes time" - meaning it requires or consumes that amount of time.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes <t>about</t> three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "about" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- "A series of 5,000 or so changes is a 'peal' and takes <t>about</t> three hours."

The word "about" here is modifying "three hours", indicating an approximate quantity of time.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute

This sense specifically mentions "of quantities" and being "imprecise but fairly close to correct". The example "lasted approximately an hour" is very similar to "takes about three hours". This seems like a strong candidate.

2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help

This is about physical location/direction, not quantities. Doesn't fit.

3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around

This is about location/proximity. Doesn't fit with "three hours".

4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about

This is about movement/location. Doesn't fit with time duration.

5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around

This is about direction/reversal. Doesn't fit.

6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play

This is about rotation or alternation. Doesn't fit with time duration.

7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

This is about being close to completion of an action or state ("almost done"). While "almost three hours" could work, "about three hours" in this context means "approximately three hours" rather than "almost three hours" (which would imply slightly less than). Also, the definition specifies "actions or states", not quantities of time specifically, though time could be considered a quantity. However, sense 1 is much more specific to quantities.

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit because:
- It specifically mentions "of quantities"
- It means "imprecise but fairly close to correct"
- The example "lasted approximately an hour" parallels "takes about three hours"
- The synonyms include "approximately", "roughly", etc.

Sense 7 is close but emphasizes "slightly short of or not quite accomplished" which is different from "approximately". "About three hours" means roughly three hours, not necessarily slightly less than three hours.

Therefore, the answer should be sense index 1.

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00::
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06::
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01::
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04::
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02::
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03::
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05::

So the first one is index 1.

The output should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: hour
Target surface form: hours
Context:
Change-ringing, a mind-boggling exercise the English invented 380 years ago, requires physical dexterity -- some bells weigh more than a ton -- combined with intense mental concentration. Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three <t>hours</t>. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=hour%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour
2. sense_key=hour%1:28:01:: | definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late
3. sense_key=hour%1:28:02:: | definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour
4. sense_key=hour%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "hours" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about change-ringing (bell ringing)
 - It mentions: "A series of 5,000 or so changes is a 'peal' and takes about three <t>hours</t>."
 - This is referring to the duration of time it takes to complete a peal (5,000 changes)
 - It's measuring how long the activity takes - approximately 3 hours

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. sense_key=hour%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day | synonyms=hr, 60 minutes | examples=the job will take more than an hour
    - This refers to a unit of time, 60 minutes
    - The context says "takes about three hours" - this is clearly referring to duration/time period
    - Example given: "the job will take more than an hour" matches the pattern "takes about three hours"

 2. sense_key=hour%1:28:01:: | definition=clock time | synonyms=time of day | examples=the hour is getting late
    - This refers to a specific time on the clock (e.g., 3 o'clock)
    - Context is not about what time it is, but how long something takes
    - Doesn't fit

 3. sense_key=hour%1:28:02:: | definition=a special and memorable period | examples=it was their finest hour
    - This is metaphorical (e.g., "hour of need", "finest hour")
    - Context is literal time duration, not a special period
    - Doesn't fit

 4. sense_key=hour%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=minute | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away
    - This refers to distance measured in time (e.g., "an hour away")
    - Context is not about distance, but about duration of an activity
    - While related to time, this is specifically about spatial distance measured temporally
    - The example "we live an hour from the airport" shows this is about location/distance
    - The context "takes about three hours" is about duration of an event, not distance between locations

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice. It's the standard unit of time meaning (60 minutes), used to indicate the duration of the peal.

 The target surface form is "hours" (plural), but sense 1 is the base sense for the unit of time, which can be pluralized.

 Decision: sense_index: 1

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: look
Target surface form: look
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A <t>look</t> at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=look%1:07:01:: | definition=the feelings expressed on a person's face | synonyms=expression, aspect, facial expression, face | examples=a sad expression; a look of triumph
2. sense_key=look%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually | synonyms=looking, looking at | examples=he went out to have a look; his look was fixed on her eyes
3. sense_key=look%1:07:00:: | definition=physical appearance | examples=I don't like the looks of this place
4. sense_key=look%1:26:00:: | definition=the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people | synonyms=spirit, tone, feel, feeling, flavor, flavour | examples=the feel of the city excited him; a clergyman improved the tone of the meeting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "look" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"A <t>look</t> at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved."

The phrase is "A look at..." which means observing or viewing something. It's about directing one's eyes/attention toward something to perceive it.

Now let's examine the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=look%1:07:01:: | definition=the feelings expressed on a person's face | synonyms=expression, aspect, facial expression, face | examples=a sad expression; a look of triumph
- This refers to facial expression. The context is not about facial expressions.

2. sense_key=look%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually | synonyms=looking, looking at | examples=he went out to have a look; his look was fixed on her eyes
- This refers to the act of looking/seeing. "A look at..." fits this perfectly - it means observing the practice session.

3. sense_key=look%1:07:00:: | definition=physical appearance | examples=I don't like the looks of this place
- This refers to appearance. "A look at" doesn't mean physical appearance in this context.

4. sense_key=look%1:26:00:: | definition=the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people | synonyms=spirit, tone, feel, feeling, flavor, flavour | examples=the feel of the city excited him; a clergyman improved the tone of the meeting
- This refers to atmosphere/feel. Not the right meaning here.

The phrase "A look at..." clearly means an instance of observing or viewing, which matches sense 2: "the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually."

The examples for sense 2 include "he went out to have a look" which is very similar to "A look at..."

So the best sense is index 2.

Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=look%1:07:01::
2. sense_key=look%1:04:00::
3. sense_key=look%1:07:00::
4. sense_key=look%1:26:00::

So I need to return {"sense_index": 2}.

Let me make sure. The context: "A look at a Thursday night practice... gives an idea of the work involved." This is definitely about observing/perceiving visually. Yes, sense 2.

The user says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I should return {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: night
Target surface form: night
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday <t>night</t> practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=night%1:28:00:: | definition=the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside | synonyms=nighttime, dark
2. sense_key=night%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of ignorance or backwardness or gloom
3. sense_key=night%1:28:04:: | definition=the period spent sleeping | examples=I had a restless night
4. sense_key=night%1:28:02:: | definition=the dark part of the diurnal cycle considered a time unit | examples=three nights later he collapsed
5. sense_key=night%1:26:00:: | definition=darkness | examples=it vanished into the night
6. sense_key=night%1:28:05:: | definition=a shortening of nightfall | examples=they worked from morning to night
7. sense_key=night%1:28:03:: | definition=the time between sunset and midnight | examples=he watched television every night
8. sense_key=night%1:18:00:: | definition=Roman goddess of night; daughter of Erebus; counterpart of Greek Nyx | synonyms=Nox

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "night" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text describes bell ringing practice at St. Mary Abbot church
 - Specifically mentions "Thursday night practice"
 - This refers to a practice session happening on Thursday during the evening/night time
 - The context describes people actively working (ringing bells) during this time

 Candidate senses analysis:
 1. night%1:28:00:: - the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside (nighttime, dark)
 2. night%1:28:01:: - a period of ignorance or backwardness or gloom (metaphorical)
 3. night%1:28:04:: - the period spent sleeping (e.g., "I had a restless night")
 4. night%1:28:02:: - the dark part of the diurnal cycle considered a time unit (e.g., "three nights later")
 5. night%1:26:00:: - darkness (e.g., "vanished into the night")
 6. night%1:28:05:: - a shortening of nightfall (e.g., "from morning to night")
 7. night%1:28:03:: - the time between sunset and midnight (e.g., "watched television every night")
 8. night%1:18:00:: - Roman goddess (proper noun)

 The context is about a practice session happening on Thursday evening/night. This is referring to the time of day when it is dark, specifically the evening/night time.

 Looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1: "the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside" - this fits well for a practice session happening in the evening.
 - Sense 7: "the time between sunset and midnight" - this is more specific and could also fit, but "Thursday night practice" typically refers to the evening/night time in general.

 However, looking at the examples for sense 7: "he watched television every night" - this suggests regular evening activities, which matches "Thursday night practice" (a regular weekly activity).

 But sense 1 is broader: "the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside" with synonyms "nighttime, dark".

 Actually, looking carefully at WordNet's organization:
 - Sense 1 (night%1:28:00::) is usually the general sense of nighttime/darkness period
 - Sense 7 (night%1:28:03::) is specifically "the time between sunset and midnight" (evening/night before midnight)

 In the context of "Thursday night practice", this is most likely referring to an evening practice session. However, both sense 1 and sense 7 could potentially fit.

 But looking at the examples:
 - Sense 4 example: "I had a restless night" - refers to sleep period
 - Sense 2 example: "three nights later" - refers to time unit/cycle
 - Sense 7 example: "he watched television every night" - refers to evening time activity

 "Thursday night practice" is similar to "watching television every night" - it's an activity done during the evening/night hours.

 However, sense 1 is the general "time after sunset and before sunrise" which is the most common sense for "night" when referring to the time of day.

 Let me reconsider the WordNet sense keys:
 - night%1:28:00:: is the first sense, usually the most common/general
 - night%1:28:03:: is the seventh sense listed (index 7 in the candidate list)

 Wait, the candidate senses are numbered 1-8 in the prompt, but these don't correspond to the WordNet sense key numbers after the %.

 The candidate list shows:
 1. sense_key=night%1:28:00::
 2. sense_key=night%1:28:01::
 3. sense_key=night%1:28:04::
 4. sense_key=night%1:28:02::
 5. sense_key=night%1:26:00::
 6. sense_key=night%1:28:05::
 7. sense_key=night%1:28:03::
 8. sense_key=night%1:18:00::

 So the indices 1-8 are what I need to choose from.

 Context: "Thursday night practice" - this is referring to the time of day when the practice occurs.

 Sense 1: the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside
 Sense 7: the time between sunset and midnight

 Which is better? "Thursday night practice" could go late, but typically church bell ringing practices are in the evening. However, sense 1 is the broader, more general sense that encompasses the entire dark period.

 But looking at the example for sense 7: "he watched television every night" - this is exactly parallel to "Thursday night practice" (an activity done regularly or on specific days during the evening/night).

 However, sense 1 has the synonym "nighttime" and is defined as "the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside" which is the standard definition.

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - Sense 1 (night%1:28:00::) is the main sense referring to the time period when it's dark
 - Sense 7 (night%1:28:03::) is a hyponym or specific time period (evening/night before midnight)

 But in common usage, "Thursday night" refers to the evening/night time of Thursday. Both could work, but sense 1 is the primary sense for the temporal period.

 Wait, I should look at whether this refers to a specific "night" as in the evening activity, or the general concept.

 The text says "A look at a Thursday night practice..." - this is referring to the time when the practice takes place. It's describing an event happening during the night/evening.

 Between sense 1 and sense 7:
 - Sense 1: after sunset to before sunrise (the whole night)
 - Sense 7: sunset to midnight (evening/night)

 Church bell ringing practices are typically in the evening, so sense 7 might seem appropriate. However, sense 1 is the general sense that includes all nighttime activities.

 But looking at the example for sense 7: "he watched television every night" - this is habitual present, similar to "Thursday night practice" which is a regular weekly event.

 However, sense 1 is the hypernym and more general. In WSD tasks, usually the more general sense 1 is used unless there's specific reason to choose the more specific evening sense.

 But actually, looking carefully at the context, "Thursday night" here is functioning as a temporal modifier for "practice", indicating when it occurs. This is similar to "every night" in sense 7's example.

 However, I need to check if there's any metaphorical usage (sense 2), sleep period (sense 3), time unit (sense 4), darkness as substance (sense 5), nightfall (sense 6), or proper noun (sense 8).

 Clearly not metaphorical, not about sleep, not a time unit (like "three nights"), not darkness as a substance (like "into the night"), not nightfall specifically, and not the goddess.

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 7.

 Sense 1 definition: "the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside"
 Sense 7 definition: "the time between sunset and midnight"

 The practice is described as taking place on Thursday night. In common parlance, "Thursday night" means the evening/nighttime of Thursday.

 But looking at the WordNet examples again:
 - Sense 1 examples: none provided in the prompt
 - Sense 7 examples: "he watched television every night"

 The parallel structure between "television every night" and "Thursday night practice" strongly suggests sense 7.

 However, I should consider whether "night" in "Thursday night" refers to the entire nighttime period (sense 1) or specifically the evening part (sense 7).

 Actually, in WordNet, sense 1 is usually the default for "night" meaning the dark time. Sense 7 is a specific part of the night (the first half, roughly).

 But "Thursday night practice" could extend past midnight? Unlikely for a church practice on a Thursday. It's almost certainly an evening practice ending before midnight or around then.

 But actually, looking at standard WSD datasets, "night" in contexts like "Thursday night", "Monday night football", etc., usually maps to sense 1 (the general nighttime) or sometimes sense 7.

 Wait, I need to be careful. The user is asking for the "single best indexed sense" and the candidates are numbered 1-8.

 Let me reconsider sense 4: "the dark part of the diurnal cycle considered a time unit" with example "three nights later he collapsed". This is about counting nights as units of time.

 Sense 1 is the period itself when it is dark.

 In "Thursday night practice", "night" is part of a temporal noun phrase indicating the time of the practice. This is the same as "he watched television every night" (sense 7) or could be the general nighttime (sense 1).

 But "every night" in sense 7's example suggests habitual evening activities. "Thursday night" is a specific instance.

 Actually, looking at the fine distinctions:
 - Sense 1: the time after sunset and before sunrise (the whole night)
 - Sense 7: the time between sunset and midnight (evening)

 If the practice is on Thursday night, and it's a look at this practice, and it involves people actively ringing bells, it's most likely in the evening. However, sense 1 is broader and safer.

 But wait, looking at the synonyms for sense 1: "nighttime, dark". This suggests it's the general concept of night.

 For sense 7, no synonyms are listed, just the example.

 In many WSD systems, "night" when referring to the time of day (as opposed to metaphorical, or the goddess, or a specific sleep period) defaults to sense 1.

 However, the specific example "he watched television every night" in sense 7 is very close to "Thursday night practice" (both are activities occurring at night).

 But "Thursday night" can also be analyzed as the night time of Thursday, which is the period after sunset on Thursday until sunrise on Friday. This would be sense 1.

 I think sense 1 is the correct choice because:
 1. It's the primary sense for the temporal meaning of night
 2. "Thursday night" refers to the nighttime period of Thursday
 3. While practices are typically in the evening, the text doesn't specify that it ends before midnight, and "night" generally refers to the whole dark period unless specified otherwise (like "evening")

 However, I'm torn because sense 7's example is so similar.

 Let me check if there's any other clue. The text mentions "Thursday night practice" - this is a compound noun phrase where "night" modifies "practice" to indicate the type of practice (happening at night).

 Actually, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
 - Sense 1 is the main sense (time after sunset...)
 - Sense 7 is a specific part of sense 1 (sunset to midnight)

 In WSD, we usually choose the most specific sense that applies, if it clearly applies. Does "Thursday night practice" clearly mean sunset to midnight vs. the whole night?

 Given that it's a church activity on a Thursday, it almost certainly ends before midnight (or around then), so sense 7 would be accurate. But sense 1 is also accurate (it's during the night).

 However, looking at the example for sense 7 again: "he watched television every night" - this is the exact same construction: [activity] + every night / Thursday night.

 Therefore, sense 7 seems to be the best match.

 But I need to be careful. In WordNet, sense 1 is often the default for "the time after sunset..." and sense 7 is specifically "the time between sunset and midnight".

 Let me reconsider sense 6: "a shortening of nightfall" - examples: "they worked from morning to night". This means "night" as in nightfall/end of day, or working until night. Not applicable here.

 Sense 3: "the period spent sleeping" - not applicable, they're awake ringing bells.

 Sense 4: "the dark part of the diurnal cycle considered a time unit" - this is for counting (three nights later). Not applicable.

 So it's between 1 and 7.

 Given the example in sense 7 ("he watched television every night") matches the syntactic and semantic pattern of "Thursday night practice", I will go with sense 7.

 Wait, I should double-check the sense indices. The user wants the index from the candidate list (1-8).

 Candidate 7 is: sense_key=night%1:28:03:: | definition=the time between sunset and midnight | examples=he watched television every night

 Yes, that's index 7.

 But I'm second-guessing because sense 1 is the hypernym. However, if sense 7 applies (sunset to midnight), and the activity is clearly an evening activity (Thursday evening/night practice), then sense 7 is more specific and correct.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet practice, "night" in "at night" or "Thursday night" usually maps to sense 1, not sense 7. Sense 7 is more specific for "evening" or early night activities.

 Let me think about the phrase "night practice". This means practice held at night. If it were specifically evening, it might be called "evening practice". "Night practice" suggests it's during the night hours.

 But in common parlance, "Thursday night" means Thursday evening/night.

 I think I should choose sense 1 as it is the standard sense for the time period, and sense 7 is a specialization that might not be intended here (we don't know if it ended before midnight).

 However, the example "he watched television every night" suggests that sense 7 is used for regular evening activities, which "Thursday night practice" is.

 I'll go with sense 7.

 Wait, one more check: sense 1 has synonyms "nighttime, dark". The context says "Thursday night practice". If I substitute "nighttime" or "dark", it doesn't work as well ("Thursday nighttime practice" is okay but less common, "Thursday dark practice" is wrong). But that's not a perfect test.

 Actually, looking at the definition of sense 1 again: "the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside". This is the standard dictionary definition of night.

 Sense 7: "the time between sunset and midnight". This is a subset.

 In WSD, we generally prefer the more specific sense if the context supports it. The context of a church practice on a Thursday strongly supports that this is an evening activity (sunset to midnight), not the middle of the night (midnight to sunrise). Therefore, sense 7 is better.

 Final decision: sense_index: 7

 But let me reconsider once more. Is there any chance it's sense 4? "the dark part of the diurnal cycle considered a time unit". Example: "three nights later". No, "Thursday night" is not being used as a unit of measurement here.

 Is it sense 6? "a shortening of nightfall". Example: "from morning to night". This means until nightfall/evening. "Thursday night practice" doesn't mean Thursday nightfall practice.

 So definitely between 1 and 7. I'll stick with 7.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys:
 - night%1:28:00:: is sense 1
 - night%1:28:03:: is sense 7

 In many annotated corpora (like SemCor), "night" in contexts like "at night", "by night", "Thursday night" is annotated with sense 1 (the first sense).

 For example:
 - "I prefer to study at night" -> sense 1
 - "The night was dark" -> sense 1 or sense 5?

 Actually, sense 5 is "darkness" as a substance/location: "it vanished into the night".

 Given that "Thursday night practice" is referring to the time when the practice occurs, and it's analogous to "every night" (sense 7), but also analogous to "at night" (sense 1)...

 I think the safest answer is sense 1, as it is the primary sense for the time period. Sense 7 is a hyponym that might be too specific (we don't know if the practice ended before midnight).

 However, the example for sense 7 is very compelling: "he watched television every night". This is exactly the same usage pattern: [activity] + [temporal adverbial using night].

 Therefore, I will choose 7.

 Final check: The user said "Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense."

 I will provide {"sense_index": 7}.

 Wait, I want to check if "night" could be sense 3: "the period spent sleeping". No, they're awake and working.

 Sense 8 is the goddess. No.

 Sense 2 is metaphorical. No.

 Sense 5 is darkness as a substance/place. No.

 Sense 6 is nightfall. No.

 So it's 1, 4, or 7. Not 4 because it's not a counted unit. So 1 or 7.

 I'll go with 7.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: practice
Target surface form: practice
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night <t>practice</t> at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=practice%1:04:00:: | definition=a customary way of operation or behavior | synonyms=pattern | examples=it is their practice to give annual raises; they changed their dietary pattern
2. sense_key=practice%1:04:02:: | definition=systematic training by multiple repetitions | synonyms=exercise, drill, practice session, recitation | examples=practice makes perfect
3. sense_key=practice%1:04:04:: | definition=translating an idea into action | synonyms=praxis | examples=a hard theory to put into practice; differences between theory and praxis of communism
4. sense_key=practice%1:04:03:: | definition=the exercise of a profession | examples=the practice of the law; I took over his practice when he retired
5. sense_key=practice%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge of how something is usually done | examples=it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "practice" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The context describes bell ringing in English churches. It mentions:
- English bells are started in "rounds"
- Ringers vary the order of bells
- They memorize patterns called "methods"
- A series of 5,000 changes is a "peal"
- "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church..."
- Ten ringers are pulling ropes

The sentence in question is: "A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved."

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=practice%1:04:00:: | definition=a customary way of operation or behavior | synonyms=pattern | examples=it is their practice to give annual raises; they changed their dietary pattern
   - This refers to a customary way or pattern. While bell ringing has patterns, here "practice" refers to an event/session, not a customary way of behaving.

2. sense_key=practice%1:04:02:: | definition=systematic training by multiple repetitions | synonyms=exercise, drill, practice session, recitation | examples=practice makes perfect
   - This refers to training, rehearsal, exercise. "Thursday night practice" suggests a session where they rehearse/train. This fits well with the context of ringers gathering for a practice session.

3. sense_key=practice%1:04:04:: | definition=translating an idea into action | synonyms=praxis | examples=a hard theory to put into practice; differences between theory and praxis of communism
   - This is about putting theory into action. Doesn't fit here.

4. sense_key=practice%1:04:03:: | definition=the exercise of a profession | examples=the practice of the law; I took over his practice when he retired
   - This refers to professional practice (like law, medicine). Not applicable here.

5. sense_key=practice%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge of how something is usually done | examples=it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner
   - This is about customary knowledge or conventions. "Thursday night practice" doesn't refer to knowledge.

The context describes a specific event - a Thursday night gathering where ringers practice their craft. This aligns with sense 2: "systematic training by multiple repetitions" with synonyms including "practice session."

The phrase "Thursday night practice" strongly suggests a scheduled session for training/rehearsal. The description of the ringers standing in a circle pulling ropes depicts them actively practicing their method.

Therefore, the best sense is index 2.

Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists:
1. sense_key=practice%1:04:00::
2. sense_key=practice%1:04:02::
3. sense_key=practice%1:04:04::
4. sense_key=practice%1:04:03::
5. sense_key=practice%1:09:00::

So the indices correspond to the order given: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Sense 2 (systematic training by multiple repetitions) is definitely the correct choice here. The context describes a practice session where ringers gather to train/rehearse their bell ringing methods.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot <t>church</t> in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "church" in the given context. I need to choose the best sense from the four candidates provided.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell ringing in churches
 - It mentions "St. Mary Abbot <t>church</t> in the Kensington district of London"
 - It describes a physical location where bell ringers practice
 - It mentions "the ringing chamber" with a ceiling
 - The phrase "St. Mary Abbot church" refers to a specific building/place

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
    - This refers to a denomination or religious group (e.g., Catholic Church, Anglican Church)
    - Not what we're looking for here

 2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
    - This refers to the physical building/structure
    - The context mentions "St. Mary Abbot church" as a location in Kensington
    - It mentions physical features like "the high ceiling of the ringing chamber"
    - This seems like the best fit

 3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
    - This refers to a religious service/event
    - The context is about a building where bell ringing practice happens, not about attending a service
    - Not the right sense

 4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week
    - This refers to the congregation/people
    - While there are ringers mentioned, "St. Mary Abbot church" clearly refers to the building/institution as a place
    - The context focuses on the physical location ("in the Kensington district", "ringing chamber", "ceiling")

 The key clues:
 - "St. Mary Abbot church" - named building
 - "in the Kensington district of London" - physical location
 - "high ceiling of the ringing chamber" - physical architecture
 - "Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle... pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling" - describing activities inside a building

 This clearly refers to the physical building (sense 2), not a denomination (sense 1), a service (sense 3), or the congregation (sense 4).

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indexing correctly. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=church%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=church%1:06:00::
 3. sense_key=church%1:04:00::
 4. sense_key=church%1:14:01::

 So index 2 is the building sense.

 Actually, looking at the format, the user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=...
 2. sense_key=...
 3. sense_key=...
 4. sense_key=...

 So I should return the index number (1, 2, 3, or 4).

 The answer should be index 2.

 Let me verify once more:
 - "St. Mary Abbot church" - this is a proper name of a specific church building in Kensington, London
 - The description involves the physical space (ringing chamber, ceiling, holes)
 - This is definitely the building sense

 Yes, sense 2 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: gives
Context:
Proper English bells are started off in "rounds, "from the highest-pitched bell to the lowest -- a simple descending scale using, in larger churches, as many as 12 bells. Then, at a signal, the ringers begin varying the order in which the bells sound without altering the steady rhythm of the striking. Each variation, or change, can occur only once, the rules state. Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London <t>gives</t> an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "gives" in the provided context. I need to choose the best sense from the 44 candidate senses provided.

Let me analyze the context:
"A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London <t>gives</t> an idea of the work involved."

The sentence means that observing the practice provides/affords/yields an idea or understanding of the work involved. It's about providing or yielding something abstract (an idea).

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
   - This is about causing someone to have something. While close, "give an idea" is more about providing/yielding than causing to have.

2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
   - This looks very promising. "be the cause or source of" - the look is the source of the idea. Synonyms include "yield" and "afford". The example "Our meeting afforded much interesting information" is very similar to "gives an idea".

3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
   - This is about transferring possession. While "give an idea" could fit, it's more about the look providing/yielding the idea rather than transferring possession.

4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
   - This is about conveying information. The look doesn't convey an idea, it provides/affords an idea.

5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
   - Not quite right.

6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
   - Not relevant.

7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
   - This is about conveying through a look/gesture, but here the "look" (as in "a look at") is the subject, not the object. The subject is "A look at...", not that the look gives something.

8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
   - Not relevant.

9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
   - This is about causing something to happen. The look causes an idea? Maybe, but sense 2 seems better.

10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
    - Not relevant.

11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
    - This is about producing/supplying. The look supplies an idea? Maybe, but sense 2 seems more precise for abstract concepts like "an idea".

12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
    - This is about transmitting knowledge. The look transmits an idea? Not quite.

13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
    - Not quite.

14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
    - Not relevant.

15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
    - Not relevant.

16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
    - Not relevant.

17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
    - Not relevant.

18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
    - Not relevant.

19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
    - Not relevant.

20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
    - Not relevant.

21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
    - Not relevant.

22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
    - Not relevant.

23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
    - Not relevant.

24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
    - Not relevant.

25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
    - Not relevant.

26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
    - Not relevant.

27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
    - Not relevant.

28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
    - Not relevant.

29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
    - Not relevant.

30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
    - This is about physical access. Not relevant.

31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
    - Not relevant.

32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
    - Not relevant.

33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
    - Not relevant.

34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
    - Not relevant.

35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
    - Not relevant.

36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
    - This is interesting. "gives an idea" - is it manifesting/showing an idea? Or is it providing/affording an idea? The example "The office gave evidence of tampering" is similar in structure. But "gives an idea" in the sense of "provides an understanding" is different from "gives evidence" (shows evidence).

37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
    - Not relevant.

38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
    - Not relevant.

39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
    - Not relevant.

40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
    - Not relevant.

41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
    - Not relevant.

42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
    - Not relevant.

43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
    - Not relevant.

44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister
    - Not relevant.

Now, comparing sense 2 and sense 36:

Sense 2: "be the cause or source of" with synonyms "yield, afford". Examples: "He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information"

Sense 36: "manifest or show" with example "This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering"

In the context "A look ... gives an idea of the work involved", the meaning is that the look provides/affords/yields an idea or understanding. It's about being the source of something abstract (the idea).

Sense 2 seems to be the best fit. The phrase "give an idea" is an idiom meaning to provide an understanding or impression, which aligns with "be the cause or source of" (in the sense of providing/affording).

Sense 36 is about manifesting or showing evidence of something inherent. For example, "The office gave evidence of tampering" means the office showed signs of tampering. But "A look gives an idea" means the look provides/affords an understanding to the observer, not that the look manifests an idea that it inherently possesses.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 36: "manifest or show" - "This student gives promise" means the student shows promise. "The office gave evidence" means the office showed evidence.

But "A look ... gives an idea" - does the look manifest an idea? Or does it provide an idea to someone?

The phrase "give an idea" is typically used to mean "provide an impression or understanding". For example, "This gives an idea of how big it is." This is about providing/affording/yielding understanding.

Sense 2: "be the cause or source of" - the look is the cause/source of the idea.
Sense 36: "manifest or show" - the look shows an idea?

Actually, looking at the examples for sense 2: "Our meeting afforded much interesting information" - this is very similar to "A look ... gives an idea". The meeting was the source of the information. The look is the source of the idea.

Also, sense 2 has synonyms "yield, afford", and "afford" is often used in "afford an idea" or "afford an understanding".

Therefore, sense 2 (index 2) seems to be the correct choice.

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists the senses with numbers 1-44. So sense_key=give%2:40:05:: corresponds to index 2.

Let me double-check if there's any other sense that might fit better.

Sense 11: "give or supply" - "The cow brings in 5 liters of milk". This is about producing or supplying something concrete. While an idea is abstract, "give an idea" is more about providing/affording than supplying in the sense of production.

Sense 30: "afford access to" - no, that's physical.

Sense 36: "manifest or show" - this is close, but "give an idea" is more about the recipient gaining an understanding from the observation, not about the look displaying an inherent quality.

Actually, looking at WordNet itself (from my knowledge), the sense "give" meaning "afford, yield" is typically sense 2:40:05:: or similar.

The phrase "give an idea" is commonly used to mean "provide an impression or understanding", which matches "be the cause or source of" with synonyms "yield, afford".

So I will go with index 2.

provider: Novita