[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancerous
Target surface form: cancerous
Context:
But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into <t>cancerous</t> ones. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malignant:02 | definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
2. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malign:00 | definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him; pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "cancerous" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about Dr. Vogelstein researching colon cancer and genes.
- It mentions "a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones."
- This is clearly about biology/medical context - cells becoming cancerous, meaning affected by cancer or relating to cancer.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malignant:02 | definition=relating to or affected with cancer | examples=a cancerous growth
2. sense_key=cancerous%5:00:00:malign:00 | definition=like a cancer; an evil that grows and spreads | examples=remorse was cancerous within him; pornography is cancerous to the moral development of our children

Sense 1 is the literal, medical meaning - relating to or affected with cancer. The example "a cancerous growth" shows biological/medical usage.

Sense 2 is the figurative meaning - like a cancer in the sense of an evil that grows and spreads. The examples show metaphorical usage: "remorse was cancerous within him" and "pornography is cancerous to the moral development..."

In the context provided:
- "transform normal cells into cancerous ones"
- This is about cells in a biological/medical context
- The cells are literally becoming affected by cancer (malignant)
- This is not a metaphorical usage about an evil spreading

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

The user wants only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Since sense 1 is the best choice, I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The candidates are numbered 1 and 2. So I should return index 1.

Let me make sure I'm not missing anything. The context is clearly medical/biological. "Normal cells into cancerous ones" - this is literal cancer. Sense 1 is definitely correct.

The output should be exactly: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: SiliconFlow


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: ones
Context:
But Dr. Vogelstein had yet to nail the identity of the gene that, if damaged, flipped a colon cell into full-blown malignancy. They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous <t>ones</t>. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "ones" (lemma "one") in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous <t>ones</t>."
 - "Ones" here is a pronoun referring back to "cells" (normal cells → cancerous ones).
 - It's used to avoid repetition: "transform normal cells into cancerous cells" becomes "transform normal cells into cancerous ones".

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: - This is the numerical sense (the number 1). Examples mention "he has the one but will need a two and three" - clearly numerical.
 2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: - "a single person or thing". Examples: "he is the best one", "this is the one I ordered".

 Wait, looking at the candidate senses provided:
 - Sense 1 is clearly the number sense.
 - Sense 2 is "a single person or thing" - this seems like it could be the pronominal use, but let me check WordNet structure.

 Actually, in WordNet, "one" as a pronoun (substituting for a noun to avoid repetition) is typically sense 2 or similar. But looking at the definition "a single person or thing" - this seems to be the nominal use meaning "a single entity".

 However, in the context "cancerous ones", "ones" is substituting for "cells". This is the use of "one" as a pronoun to refer back to a previously mentioned noun.

 Let me check if there's a specific sense for this pronominal usage. The definition "a single person or thing" with examples "he is the best one" and "this is the one I ordered" suggests this is the sense where "one" refers to a specific individual item or person.

 But "cancerous ones" is plural and refers back to "cells". This is the anaphoric use of "one" (or "ones").

 Looking at the two options:
 1. Numerical sense - clearly wrong here.
 2. "a single person or thing" - while the definition mentions "single", the examples show it being used as a noun substitute ("the one I ordered").

 Actually, looking carefully at WordNet:
 - one%1:23:00:: is the digit/number
 - one%1:09:00:: is defined as "a single person or thing" - this is the nominal sense

 But wait, is there a separate sense for the pronominal use? In many WSD tasks, "one" used as a pronoun (pro-form) is often sense 2.

 Let me reconsider the context: "transform normal cells into cancerous ones"
 - "Ones" here replaces "cells"
 - It's functioning as a pronoun/pro-form

 Between the two choices:
 - Choice 1 (numerical) is definitely wrong.
 - Choice 2 ("a single person or thing") is the only other option provided.

 Even though the definition says "single", the examples show it can be used as a substitute for a noun ("this is the one I ordered"). In "cancerous ones", it's functioning similarly - substituting for "cells".

 Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
 one%1:09:00:: is indeed "a single person or thing" - this is the sense for "he is the one" or "the little one" or "this one".

 The plural "ones" in "cancerous ones" is the plural of this sense.

 So the answer should be sense 2 (index 2).

 Wait, I need to check if there's any trick here. The target is "ones" (plural). Sense 1 is about the number 1 (smallest whole number). Sense 2 is about a single person or thing.

 Even though "ones" is plural, sense 2 can take plural form ("these are the ones I wanted").

 In the context, "cancerous ones" = "cancerous cells". This is clearly not the number 1.

 Therefore, the correct sense is 2.

 But let me double-check: could this be sense 1? No, because it's not referring to the number.

 So the answer is {"sense_index": 2}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Chutes

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: found
Context:
They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein <t>found</t> was in exactly the same spot as p53. But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "found" (lemma "find") in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about scientific research on chromosome 17 and tumor cells
 - "The deletion Dr. Vogelstein <t>found</t> was in exactly the same spot as p53."
 - This is describing a scientific discovery made by Dr. Vogelstein
 - He discovered/found a deletion in the genetic material

 Now let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. find%2:40:02:: - come upon, as if by accident; meet with (happen, chance, bump, encounter)
    - This implies accidental discovery, but the context suggests systematic research

 2. find%2:39:02:: - discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (detect, observe, discover, notice)
    - This could work - he detected the deletion

 3. find%2:40:00:: - come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost (regain)
    - This is about finding lost items, not scientific discovery

 4. find%2:32:00:: - establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (determine, find out, ascertain)
    - This fits well - he established through investigation/experiment that the deletion was there

 5. find%2:31:10:: - come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions (feel)
    - Not relevant - scientific context

 6. find%2:39:01:: - perceive or be contemporaneous with (witness, see)
    - Not quite right - it's not just seeing, it's discovering through research

 7. find%2:40:01:: - get something or somebody for a specific purpose (line up, get hold)
    - Not relevant

 8. find%2:36:00:: - make a discovery, make a new finding (discover)
    - This could work - he made a discovery

 9. find%2:31:09:: - make a discovery (discover)
    - Similar to 8, but 8 is more specific to "make a new finding"

 10. find%2:40:03:: - obtain through effort or management
     - Not quite right

 11. find%2:32:01:: - decide on and make a declaration about (rule)
     - Legal context, not relevant

 12. find%2:30:00:: - receive a specified treatment (abstract)
     - Not relevant

 13. find%2:39:05:: - perceive oneself to be in a certain condition
     - Not relevant

 14. find%2:40:15:: - get or find back; recover the use of
     - Not relevant

 15. find%2:38:10:: - succeed in reaching; arrive at
     - Not relevant

 16. find%2:30:13:: - accept and make use of one's personality
     - Not relevant

 Now comparing the best candidates:
 - Sense 2 (find%2:39:02::): discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
 - Sense 4 (find%2:32:00::): establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study
 - Sense 8 (find%2:36:00::): make a discovery, make a new finding

 The context mentions:
 - "Joh Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17"
 - "The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53"

 This is clearly a scientific investigation context. The researchers were conducting experiments and investigations.

 Sense 4 specifically mentions "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" and gives the example "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" - this is very similar to the context of finding a deletion in chromosome research.

 Sense 8 is "make a discovery, make a new finding" with examples like "Roentgen discovered X-rays" - this also fits.

 However, looking closely at the specific sentence: "The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53."

 This is reporting the result of an investigation. Sense 4 (find%2:32:00::) seems most appropriate because:
 1. It involves establishing something after investigation/experiment
 2. The example "The physicist who found the elusive particle" is very analogous to a researcher finding a genetic deletion
 3. The context emphasizes the experimental nature of the research

 Sense 2 (find%2:39:02::) is about detecting/observing existence, which is close, but Sense 4 emphasizes the investigative/research aspect which is prominent in this text.

 Sense 8 is also good, but Sense 4's definition "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" matches the scientific methodology described in the context better.

 Wait, let me look at the indices. The user wants the "sense_index" which appears to be the number in the list (1-16).

 So if I choose sense 4 (find%2:32:00::), the answer would be {"sense_index": 4}.

 But let me double-check sense 8 (find%2:36:00::): "make a discovery, make a new finding". The example is "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle."

 And sense 9 (find%2:31:09::): "make a discovery" - example: "She found that he had lied to her"

 Actually, looking at the context again, "The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found" - this is referring to the specific genetic deletion he discovered through his research.

 In scientific contexts, when researchers "find" something through experiments, both sense 4 and sense 8 could apply. But sense 4 specifically mentions "experiment" in the definition: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".

 The text says: "using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17" - this emphasizes the experimental investigation aspect, which aligns perfectly with sense 4.

 Also, sense 8's examples focus on discovering new things (X-rays, new particles), whereas sense 4 focuses on establishing findings through investigation. The deletion was already hypothesized to exist (they were looking for it), so it's more about establishing/confirming its location through investigation.

 Actually, looking at the earlier part: "When they found it last winter..." - referring to finding the gene/bit of DNA.

 Then "The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot..."

 This is a scientific finding established through investigation.

 I think sense 4 is the best fit.

 Wait, I should also consider sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of". The deletion is a specific thing whose existence/location was determined.

 But sense 4's inclusion of "experiment" in the definition makes it stronger for this context.

 Let me check the examples for sense 4 again: "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"

 The physicist example is very similar to our context.

 So my choice is sense index 4.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: exactly
Target surface form: exactly
Context:
They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in <t>exactly</t> the same spot as p53. But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=exactly%4:02:01:: | definition=indicating exactness or preciseness | synonyms=precisely, just | examples=he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do; it was just as he said--the jewel was gone
2. sense_key=exactly%4:02:04:: | definition=just as it should be | synonyms=precisely, on the nose, on the dot, on the button | examples=`Precisely, my lord,' he said
3. sense_key=exactly%4:02:02:: | definition=in a precise manner | synonyms=precisely, incisively | examples=she always expressed herself precisely

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "exactly" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about genetic research on chromosome 17
 - Dr. Vogelstein found a deletion that was "exactly" in the same spot as p53
 - This means the deletion was precisely/precisely located at the same position as the p53 gene

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=exactly%4:02:01:: | definition=indicating exactness or preciseness | synonyms=precisely, just | examples=he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do; it was just as he said--the jewel was gone
    - This sense seems to be about exactness in terms of accuracy or correctness of an action or statement.

 2. sense_key=exactly%4:02:04:: | definition=just as it should be | synonyms=precisely, on the nose, on the dot, on the button | examples=`Precisely, my lord,' he said
    - This seems to be an interjection or response indicating agreement ("Exactly!" or "Precisely!")

 3. sense_key=exactly%4:02:02:: | definition=in a precise manner | synonyms=precisely, incisively | examples=she always expressed herself precisely
    - This seems to be about manner/way of doing something (how something is done)

 Looking at the context: "The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53."

 This is indicating exactness or preciseness of location - the deletion was precisely/precisely in the same location. It's not about manner (how something was done) and it's not an interjection of agreement.

 The phrase "exactly the same spot" indicates exactness in terms of precision of location - indicating that the location is precise/identical.

 Sense 1: "indicating exactness or preciseness" - this fits best. The deletion was precisely/precisely in the same spot.

 Sense 3 is about manner ("in a precise manner") - like expressing oneself precisely. This doesn't fit because we're not talking about how something was done in a precise manner, but rather that the location was precise/exact.

 Actually, looking more carefully:
 - Sense 1: "indicating exactness or preciseness" - this is about the quality of being exact
 - Sense 3: "in a precise manner" - this is adverbial, modifying how an action is performed

 In "exactly the same spot", "exactly" is modifying "the same", emphasizing that it is precisely/exactly the same location.

 Looking at the examples for Sense 1: "he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do" - here it's about exactness in terms of correspondence.
 "it was just as he said--the jewel was gone" - again, exactness of correspondence.

 For Sense 3: "she always expressed herself precisely" - this is about the manner of expression.

 In our sentence: "in exactly the same spot" - this is indicating exactness of position/location. It's saying the location is precise, exact.

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure, sense 1 (exactly%4:02:01::) is typically the sense used in "exactly the same" or "exactly right" - indicating exactness or preciseness.

 Sense 3 would be like "He measured exactly" - in a precise manner.

 In "exactly the same spot", it's sense 1 - indicating exactness/preciseness of the sameness.

 Wait, let me reconsider. The phrase is "in exactly the same spot".

 "Exactly" here is emphasizing that the spot is precisely the same - indicating exactness of the location.

 Sense 1: "indicating exactness or preciseness" - this seems to be the primary sense for "exactly" when used to emphasize precision or exact correspondence.

 Sense 3: "in a precise manner" - this would be if "exactly" modified a verb indicating how something was done.

 Here "exactly" modifies "the same", or perhaps the whole phrase "in the same spot". It's indicating that the location is precise/exact.

 I think Sense 1 is the correct choice.

 But let me double-check the WordNet senses. In WordNet 3.0 or similar:
 - exactly#1: indicating exactness or preciseness (e.g., "he was doing precisely (or exactly) what she had told him to do")
 - exactly#2: just as it should be (e.g., "`Precisely, my lord,' he said")
 - exactly#3: in a precise manner (e.g., "she always expressed herself precisely")

 In the context "in exactly the same spot", this is indicating exactness of location - that the spot is precisely the same. This aligns with sense 1.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 1: "it was just as he said--the jewel was gone" - this is about exact correspondence.

 "in exactly the same spot" = in precisely the same spot = indicating exactness of the location.

 Yes, sense 1.

 Wait, I should check if there's any distinction I'm missing. The word "exactly" in "exactly the same" is typically sense 1 in WordNet.

 Sense 3 would be if we said something like "He aimed exactly" or "He cut exactly" - describing the manner of the action.

 Here, "exactly" is emphasizing the precision of the identity/correspondence between the deletion location and the p53 location.

 So: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the <t>same</t> spot as p53. But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "same" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - They were looking for a gene on chromosome 17
 - Dr. Vogelstein found a deletion in exactly the same spot as p53
 - The deletion was in the "same spot" as the p53 gene location

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
    - This refers to identical identity - the exact same entity. "The same man" means one identical person.

 2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
    - This refers to similarity or comparability, not necessarily identical identity.

 3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
    - This focuses on equal amounts/values.

 4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever
    - This means unchanged over time.

 In the context: "The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the <t>same</t> spot as p53."

 This means the deletion was located in the identical location/position as where the p53 gene is located. They occupy the same position on the chromosome.

 This seems to be sense 1: "same in identity" - referring to the identical location/spot. The spot where the deletion occurred is identical to (the same as) the spot where p53 is located.

 However, let me reconsider. When we say "same spot", we could be talking about:
 - Identical location (spatial identity) - sense 1
 - Similar location (sense 2)

 But given "exactly the same spot", this strongly suggests identical identity - the exact same location.

 Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet sense distinctions:
 - Sense 1 (same%3:00:02::): "same in identity" - typically used for "the same X" meaning identical entity
 - Sense 2 (same%3:00:00::): "closely similar or comparable" - used for "same color", "same age", etc.

 In "the same spot", we're talking about the identical location - the exact place where p53 is located is the exact place where the deletion was found. This is about identity of location.

 But wait, I should check if there's a sense specifically for location. Actually, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1: "the same man I saw yesterday" - identity of实体
 - Sense 2: "curtains the same color as the walls" - similarity in quality

 In "same spot", it's referring to the identical location. This would be sense 1 - same in identity (the exact same location).

 However, looking at typical WordNet tagging patterns, "same" when used with location words like "spot", "place", "location" often falls under sense 1 (same in identity) when it means "identical" or "the very same".

 But let me double-check the distinction between sense 1 and sense 2. Sense 1 is for strict identity (numerical identity), while sense 2 is for qualitative similarity.

 "The same spot" means numerically the same spot - one and the same location. This is sense 1.

 Wait, I should verify the sense keys. The user provided:
 1. same%3:00:02:: - same in identity
 2. same%3:00:00:: - closely similar or comparable
 3. same%3:00:04:: - equal in amount or value
 4. same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 - unchanged in character or nature

 In the sentence: "in exactly the same spot as p53"

 This is clearly not sense 3 (equal in amount) or sense 4 (unchanged over time).

 It's between sense 1 and sense 2.

 "Same spot" means the identical location. If two things are in the same spot, they occupy the identical position. This is identity (sense 1), not just similarity (sense 2).

 For example:
 - "We live in the same house" (sense 1 - identical building)
 - "We have the same color house" (sense 2 - similar quality)

 "Same spot" = the identical location/position.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense index 1.

 But let me reconsider the context once more to make sure. The deletion was found in the same spot as p53. This means the location of the deletion is identical to the location of p53. This is identity.

 So: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: spot
Target surface form: spot
Context:
They focused on chromosome 17. For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same <t>spot</t> as p53. But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=spot%1:15:01:: | definition=a point located with respect to surface features of some region | synonyms=topographic point, place | examples=this is a nice place for a picnic; a bright spot on a planet
2. sense_key=spot%1:10:01:: | definition=a short section or illustration (as between radio or tv programs or in a magazine) that is often used for advertising
3. sense_key=spot%1:07:02:: | definition=an outstanding characteristic | synonyms=point | examples=his acting was one of the high points of the movie
4. sense_key=spot%1:07:00:: | definition=a blemish made by dirt | synonyms=smudge, blot, daub, smear, smirch, slur | examples=he had a smudge on his cheek
5. sense_key=spot%1:07:01:: | definition=a small contrasting part of something | synonyms=speckle, dapple, patch, fleck, maculation | examples=a bald spot; a leopard's spots
6. sense_key=spot%1:10:00:: | definition=a section of an entertainment that is assigned to a specific performer or performance | examples=they changed his spot on the program
7. sense_key=spot%1:06:00:: | definition=a business establishment for entertainment | examples=night spot
8. sense_key=spot%1:04:01:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, office, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury
9. sense_key=spot%1:26:00:: | definition=a slight attack of illness | synonyms=touch | examples=he has a touch of rheumatism
10. sense_key=spot%1:23:00:: | definition=a small piece or quantity of something | synonyms=bit | examples=a spot of tea; a bit of paper
11. sense_key=spot%1:10:02:: | definition=a mark on a die or on a playing card (shape depending on the suit) | synonyms=pip
12. sense_key=spot%1:06:01:: | definition=a lamp that produces a strong beam of light to illuminate a restricted area; used to focus attention of a stage performer | synonyms=spotlight
13. sense_key=spot%1:06:02:: | definition=a playing card with a specified number of pips on it to indicate its value | examples=an eight-spot
14. sense_key=spot%1:04:00:: | definition=an act that brings discredit to the person who does it | synonyms=blot, smear, smirch, stain | examples=he made a huge blot on his copybook

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "spot" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about genetics and chromosome research
 - "The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same <t>spot</t> as p53"
 - p53 is a gene located at a specific position on chromosome 17
 - Researchers were looking for genetic material at a specific location/position on the chromosome

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. spot%1:15:01:: - a point located with respect to surface features of some region
    - Synonyms: topographic point, place
    - Examples: this is a nice place for a picnic; a bright spot on a planet
    - This seems to refer to a physical location/position on a surface or in a region. In the context of chromosomes, this could work - a specific location on the chromosome.

 2. spot%1:10:01:: - a short section or illustration... for advertising
    - Not relevant to genetics/chromosomes

 3. spot%1:07:02:: - an outstanding characteristic
    - Not relevant

 4. spot%1:07:00:: - a blemish made by dirt
    - Not relevant (not talking about a stain)

 5. spot%1:07:01:: - a small contrasting part of something
    - Examples: a bald spot; a leopard's spots
    - This refers to visual patterns/markings, not locations

 6. spot%1:10:00:: - a section of an entertainment...
    - Not relevant

 7. spot%1:06:00:: - a business establishment for entertainment (night spot)
    - Not relevant

 8. spot%1:04:01:: - a job in an organization
    - Not relevant

 9. spot%1:26:00:: - a slight attack of illness
    - Not relevant

 10. spot%1:23:00:: - a small piece or quantity of something
    - Examples: a spot of tea
    - This is about quantity, not location

 11. spot%1:10:02:: - a mark on a die or playing card
    - Not relevant

 12. spot%1:06:01:: - a lamp (spotlight)
    - Not relevant

 13. spot%1:06:02:: - a playing card with specified number of pips
    - Not relevant

 14. spot%1:04:00:: - an act that brings discredit
    - Not relevant

 The most relevant sense is sense 1: "a point located with respect to surface features of some region" with synonyms "topographic point, place".

 In the context of genetics and chromosomes:
 - Chromosome 17 is being described
 - They found a deletion in the same "spot" as the p53 gene
 - This refers to a specific location/position/locus on the chromosome
 - The word "spot" here means a specific point or location

 Sense 1 fits best because:
 1. It refers to a point/location (topographic point)
 2. In genetics, we talk about loci (locations) on chromosomes
 3. The example "a bright spot on a planet" suggests a specific location on a surface
 4. The context is about finding something at a specific position on chromosome 17

 While sense 10 (a small piece) might seem tempting because we're talking about a piece of DNA, the context emphasizes the LOCATION ("in exactly the same spot as p53"), not the quantity or piece itself. The deletion was found at the same location/position where p53 is located.

 Therefore, sense_index: 1 is the correct answer.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense numbering. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=spot%1:15:01::
 2. sense_key=spot%1:10:01::
 ...

 So sense 1 is spot%1:15:01::.

 Yes, that matches my analysis.

 The JSON output should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: said
Context:
For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53. But Mr. Levine had <t>said</t> the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "said" (lemma "say") in the given context.

Let me analyze the context carefully:

"But Mr. Levine had <t>said</t> the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth."

Here, "said" is used to report what Mr. Levine claimed, stated, or reported. He was making a scientific claim/assertion about how the p53 gene works.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Now, the context: Mr. Levine had said that p53 caused cancer by promoting growth. This is a scientific claim he made based on his research. It's reporting a finding or maintaining a position.

Sense 2: "report or maintain" with synonyms "allege, aver". The example: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" - this is very similar to reporting a claim or position.

Sense 1: "express in words" with synonyms "state, tell". The example: "He said that he wanted to marry her" - this is a general expression in words.

Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" - example: "I say let's forget this whole business". This is more about declaring an opinion or judgement, often in a present tense hortative sense.

Sense 2 seems particularly apt because in academic/scientific contexts, when researchers "say" something based on their findings, they are reporting or maintaining a claim. The synonyms "allege, aver" fit well with making a scientific assertion. The example "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" parallels the structure "Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer..."

However, sense 1 is the most general sense and might also fit. But sense 2 specifically captures the nuance of reporting a claim or maintaining a position, which is exactly what happens in scientific discourse when researchers report their findings.

Let me think about the distinction between sense 1 and sense 2 more carefully.

Sense 1: express in words - general communication
Sense 2: report or maintain - specifically about claiming something to be true, often in a formal or factual context

The context mentions that Levine had found something in experiments and "said" the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth. This is him reporting his finding or maintaining a scientific position. The contrast is with what the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for. It has the flavor of "alleging" or "averring" - asserting something as true.

Actually, looking at WordNet's organization, sense 2 (say%2:32:01::) is often used for reported speech where someone claims something. The example "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" is very close to our sentence structure.

Sense 1 is broader. But in WSD tasks, we want the most specific sense that applies. Since this is clearly a case of reporting/maintaining a claim (especially in a scientific context where he's reporting experimental results), sense 2 seems better than sense 1.

Wait, let me reconsider. Is there any reason to prefer sense 1? "Express in words" is the most frequent sense. But the instruction says to choose the best indexed sense using context, examples, and synonyms.

The example for sense 2: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" - this is almost exactly parallel to "Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth." Both involve someone asserting a proposition about a state of affairs.

The synonyms for sense 2 are "allege, aver" - Levine is indeed alleging/averring that p53 promotes growth based on his experiments.

Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" - while Levine is stating something, the "I say let's forget this whole business" example suggests a more performative, present-tense declaration or opinion. Levine's statement is a past reported claim about experimental results, not an opinion or judgement in the same sense.

Therefore, sense 2 seems to be the best fit.

Let me double-check the index numbers:
1. say%2:32:00::
2. say%2:32:01::
3. say%2:32:03::
4. say%2:42:00::
5. say%2:32:04::
6. say%2:32:02::
7. say%2:32:07::
8. say%2:32:15::
9. say%2:32:13::
10. say%2:32:08::
11. say%2:32:09::

So sense 2 corresponds to index 2.

Actually, I should be careful. In WordNet, the "report or maintain" sense (say%2:32:01::) is indeed distinct from the general "express in words" sense. The key here is that Levine is making a factual claim based on research. The text says "Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth" - this is indirect reported speech of a scientific claim.

I think sense 2 is correct.

Wait, I want to make sure about sense 1 vs sense 2. In many WSD datasets, the general "express in words" sense is the default. But the example for sense 2 is extremely close: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war." The structure "He said [clause]" matches "Mr. Levine had said [clause]."

Also, the context suggests this was a claim that turned out to be based on a misunderstanding (he was observing a damaged form), which makes "allege" particularly appropriate - he was alleging a mechanism that turned out to be incorrect.

Yes, I'll go with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cause
Target surface form: caused
Context:
For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53. But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene <t>caused</t> cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cause%2:36:00:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=do, make | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
2. sense_key=cause%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, have, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "caused" in the given context.

 Target lemma: cause
 Target surface form: caused
 Context: The sentence is about the p53 gene and how it relates to cancer. Specifically: "But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth..."

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=cause%2:36:00:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=do, make | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
 2. sense_key=cause%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, have, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer

 Analysis:
 - Sense 1 (cause%2:36:00::) is about causing something to happen or occur, giving rise to something. This is the general causative sense where the subject brings about an event or state.
 - Sense 2 (cause%2:32:00::) is about causing someone to do something, or causing an agent to act in a specified manner. This involves inducing or stimulating an animate agent to perform an action.

 In the context: "the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth"
 - Here, the gene is bringing about the state/event of cancer.
 - Cancer is not an agent that is being induced to act; rather, cancer is a condition/state that is being brought about.
 - The structure is "cause [event/state]" not "cause [agent] to [action]".

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice. The gene gives rise to cancer (causes cancer to happen/occur), not induces cancer to do something.

 The examples for sense 1 include "cause a commotion" - similarly here "cause cancer".
 The examples for sense 2 involve inducing someone to buy something - an agent performing an action.

 So the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys:
 - cause%2:36:00:: - this is the "give rise to" sense
 - cause%2:32:00:: - this is the "cause to do" sense (induce)

 Yes, in WordNet:
 - cause.v.01 is usually "give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally"
 - cause.v.02 is usually "cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner"

 The context clearly fits cause.v.01 (give rise to cancer).

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53. But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused <t>cancer</t> by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "cancer" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about Johns Hopkins researchers looking for genetic material in tumor cells.
- It mentions a gene called p53 that could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.
- It talks about "human cancer cells" and "Mr. Levine's cancer studies".
- The word "cancer" appears in the phrase "caused cancer by promoting growth" and later "human cancer cells" and "cancer studies".

The target surface form is "cancer" in the sentence: "Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused <t>cancer</t> by promoting growth"

This is clearly referring to the disease - malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal cell division.

Let me look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Sense 1 is clearly the correct one. The context is about medical/genetic research on tumors and malignant cell growth. The other senses are about astrology, constellations, or zoology (crabs), which are completely irrelevant here.

The instructions say:
- Do not answer with a WordNet sense key
- Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}

Wait, the example shows {"sense_index": 3}, but I need to return the index of the best sense. The senses are numbered 1-5 in the candidate list. Sense 1 is the correct one, so I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check the indexing. The candidates are listed as:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: ...
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: ...
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: ...
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: ...
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: ...

So the index is 1.

The context explicitly discusses:
- tumor cells
- gene causing cancer
- cancerous ones
- human cancer cells
- cancer studies
- cancer-suppressing gene

This is unambiguously sense 1.

I need to return exactly: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: promote
Target surface form: promoting
Context:
For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53. But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by <t>promoting</t> growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=promote%2:41:01:: | definition=contribute to the progress or growth of | synonyms=advance, boost, further, encourage | examples=I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom
2. sense_key=promote%2:41:00:: | definition=give a promotion to or assign to a higher position | synonyms=upgrade, advance, kick upstairs, raise, elevate | examples=John was kicked upstairs when a replacement was hired; Women tend not to advance in the major law firms
3. sense_key=promote%2:32:00:: | definition=make publicity for; try to sell (a product) | synonyms=advertise, advertize, push | examples=The salesman is aggressively pushing the new computer model; The company is heavily advertizing their new laptops
4. sense_key=promote%2:33:01:: | definition=be changed for a superior chess or checker piece
5. sense_key=promote%2:33:00:: | definition=change a pawn for a better piece by advancing it to the eighth row, or change a checker piece for a more valuable piece by moving it to the row closest to your opponent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "promoting" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about cancer research, specifically about the p53 gene.
- Arnold Levine had found that p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones.
- The p53 gene caused cancer by "promoting growth"
- This is contrasted with a gene that "suppressed growth"
- So "promoting growth" means contributing to growth, encouraging growth, furthering growth.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=promote%2:41:01:: | definition=contribute to the progress or growth of | synonyms=advance, boost, further, encourage | examples=I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom
- This fits perfectly. "Promoting growth" = contributing to the progress or growth of cells. The synonyms (advance, boost, further, encourage) fit with the biological context of encouraging cell growth.

2. sense_key=promote%2:41:00:: | definition=give a promotion to or assign to a higher position | synonyms=upgrade, advance, kick upstairs, raise, elevate
- This is about job promotions/hierarchy. Doesn't fit biological growth context.

3. sense_key=promote%2:32:00:: | definition=make publicity for; try to sell (a product) | synonyms=advertise, advertize, push
- This is about marketing/publicity. Doesn't fit.

4. sense_key=promote%2:33:01:: | definition=be changed for a superior chess or checker piece
- Chess context. Doesn't fit.

5. sense_key=promote%2:33:00:: | definition=change a pawn for a better piece by advancing it to the eighth row...
- Chess/checkers context. Doesn't fit.

The context clearly uses "promoting" in the sense of "contributing to the progress or growth of" - specifically promoting growth (of cells). This is sense 1.

Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists:
1. sense_key=promote%2:41:01::
2. sense_key=promote%2:41:00::
3. sense_key=promote%2:32:00::
4. sense_key=promote%2:33:01::
5. sense_key=promote%2:33:00::

So sense 1 is the correct index.

The instructions say:
- Do not answer with a WordNet sense key
- Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}

So I should return {"sense_index": 1}

Let me make sure there isn't any subtlety I'm missing. The phrase is "promoting growth" - could it be sense 3 (advertising/pushing)? No, that doesn't make sense with "growth" as the object in this biological context. Could it be sense 2 (job promotion)? No.

Sense 1's example: "I am promoting the use of computers in the classroom" - this is about furthering/advancing a cause or activity. Similarly, "promoting growth" is about furthering/advancing growth. The contrast with "suppressed growth" confirms this is about enhancement vs. inhibition.

Therefore, the answer is sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53. But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting <t>growth</t>, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "growth" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about cancer research, specifically about the p53 gene.
- The key sentence is: "But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting <t>growth</t>, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth."
- Here, "growth" refers to the proliferation of cells, specifically in the context of cancer (abnormal cell growth).
- The contrast is between promoting growth and suppressing growth in the context of tumor/cancer cells.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: - (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level
   - This seems to be about normal organism development (ontogeny), not specifically about cell proliferation or tumors.

2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: - a progression from simpler to more complex forms
   - This is about cultural or evolutionary progression, not biological cell growth.

3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: - a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important
   - This is a general sense of increase. Could apply, but might be too general.

4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: - vegetation that has grown
   - This is about plants, clearly not relevant.

5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: - the gradual beginning or coming forth
   - About emergence, not relevant.

6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: - (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
   - This specifically mentions pathology and abnormal proliferation of tissue, as in a tumor. The context is about cancer, tumor cells, and the p53 gene's role in cancer. The text mentions "transform normal cells into cancerous ones" and "tumor cells."

7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: - something grown or growing
   - This is about a physical growth (like a growth of hair), a noun referring to the thing that has grown, not the process.

The context is specifically about cancer and tumors. The word "growth" here refers to the proliferation of cells in the context of cancer. The text mentions "tumor cells," "cancerous ones," and discusses how p53 was thought to promote cancer by promoting growth, but actually it was a damaged form of a cancer-suppressing gene.

Sense 6 specifically mentions "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)" which fits perfectly with the context of cancer research and tumor cells.

However, I should double-check: is "growth" here referring to the process of cells growing/multiplying, or specifically to a tumor (the noun)?

The phrase is "promoting growth" - this suggests the process of growing, not the physical mass (tumor). But in medical contexts, "growth" can refer to a tumor. However, here it says "promoting growth" which implies the process of proliferation.

But looking at sense 6 again: "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)" - this describes the process of abnormal proliferation.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 1 vs sense 6.

Sense 1: "the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level" - this is about normal development.

Sense 6: "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)" - this is about abnormal/pathological growth.

The context is clearly pathological - it's about cancer, tumor cells, and cancerous transformation. Therefore, sense 6 seems most appropriate.

But let me check if there's any ambiguity. The text says "promoting growth" and later "suppressed growth". In the context of cancer biology, when we say a gene promotes growth, we mean it promotes cell proliferation, which in this context is abnormal/pathological growth leading to cancer.

Actually, looking carefully at the sentence: "Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth"

If p53 (when damaged) causes cancer by promoting growth, and they were looking for a gene that suppresses growth (to prevent cancer), this "growth" refers to the kind of growth that leads to cancer - i.e., abnormal proliferation or tumor growth.

Sense 6 is definitely the best fit because:
1. It's specifically marked as pathology
2. It mentions abnormal proliferation of tissue
3. It explicitly mentions tumor
4. The context is about cancer and tumor cells

Sense 3 (general increase) is too broad and doesn't capture the pathological connotation.

Sense 1 is about normal organism development, not the abnormal cell proliferation characteristic of cancer.

Therefore, the answer should be sense index 6.

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00::
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01::
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02::
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00::
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01::
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00::
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00::

So sense 6 corresponds to the pathology definition.

Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys:
- growth%1:22:00:: is the organic/ontogeny sense
- growth%1:26:00:: is the pathology sense

Yes, index 6 is the correct choice.

Let me verify once more by looking at the context clues:
- "tumor cells"
- "transform normal cells into cancerous ones"
- "cancer"
- "cancer-suppressing gene"

All point to the pathological sense.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 6}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: look_for
Target surface form: looking for
Context:
For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53. But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were <t>looking for</t> a gene that suppressed growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=look_for%2:35:00:: | definition=try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of | synonyms=search, seek | examples=The police are searching for clues; They are searching for the missing man in the entire county
2. sense_key=look_for%2:37:00:: | definition=be excited or anxious about | synonyms=anticipate, look to

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "look_for" with the surface form "looking for" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth.
 - This is in contrast to what Mr. Levine had found (a gene that promotes growth).
 - They were trying to locate/discover a specific gene (a cancer-suppressing gene).
 - The context mentions "search was over", "found it", "deletion", etc.
 - The scientists were actively trying to find/establish the existence of a specific gene.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=look_for%2:35:00:: | definition=try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of | synonyms=search, seek | examples=The police are searching for clues; They are searching for the missing man in the entire county

 2. sense_key=look_for%2:37:00:: | definition=be excited or anxious about | synonyms=anticipate, look to

 Analysis:
 - Sense 1 fits perfectly: The scientists were trying to locate or discover a gene that suppressed growth. This matches the synonyms "search, seek" and the examples about searching for clues or missing persons.
 - Sense 2 doesn't fit: They weren't excited or anxious about a gene in the sense of anticipating it emotionally; they were actively searching for it scientifically.

 The context clearly indicates an active search/discovery process: "crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit", "the search was over", "When they found it". This aligns with sense 1.

 Therefore, the correct sense index is 1.

 I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suppress
Target surface form: suppressed
Context:
For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53. But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that <t>suppressed</t> growth. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suppress%2:30:00:: | definition=to put down by force or authority | synonyms=stamp down, inhibit, subdue, conquer, curb | examples=suppress a nascent uprising; stamp down on littering
2. sense_key=suppress%2:41:01:: | definition=come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority | synonyms=oppress, crush | examples=The government oppresses political activists
3. sense_key=suppress%2:41:00:: | definition=control and refrain from showing; of emotions, desires, impulses, or behavior | synonyms=inhibit, bottle up
4. sense_key=suppress%2:31:00:: | definition=put out of one's consciousness | synonyms=repress
5. sense_key=suppress%2:30:12:: | definition=reduce the incidence or severity of or stop | examples=suppress a yawn; this drug can suppress the hemorrhage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "suppressed" (lemma: suppress) in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about cancer research and genes
 - Specifically discussing the p53 gene
 - Earlier it was thought p53 promoted cancer by promoting growth
 - But actually, Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that "suppressed" growth
 - Later it mentions "cancer-suppressing gene"

 The key phrase is: "whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth."

 And later: "cancer-suppressing gene"

 So the meaning here is about stopping, inhibiting, or reducing growth - specifically tumor/cancer growth.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=suppress%2:30:00:: | definition=to put down by force or authority | synonyms=stamp down, inhibit, subdue, conquer, curb | examples=suppress a nascent uprising; stamp down on littering
 - This is about physical force or authority (political/military context)
 - Not relevant to biological growth

 2. sense_key=suppress%2:41:01:: | definition=come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority | synonyms=oppress, crush | examples=The government oppresses political activists
 - This is about oppression/unjust authority
 - Not relevant to biological processes

 3. sense_key=suppress%2:41:00:: | definition=control and refrain from showing; of emotions, desires, impulses, or behavior | synonyms=inhibit, bottle up
 - This is about emotions/behavior
 - Not relevant to cell growth

 4. sense_key=suppress%2:31:00:: | definition=put out of one's consciousness | synonyms=repress
 - This is psychological (repression)
 - Not relevant

 5. sense_key=suppress%2:30:12:: | definition=reduce the incidence or severity of or stop | examples=suppress a yawn; this drug can suppress the hemorrhage
 - This means to reduce, stop, or keep from happening
 - Examples include suppressing a yawn, suppressing hemorrhage (bleeding)
 - In biology/medicine, "suppress growth" fits here - it means to inhibit or stop growth

 Wait, let me reconsider. Is there a sense about biological suppression?

 Actually, looking at sense 5: "reduce the incidence or severity of or stop" - this seems to fit "suppress growth" in the sense of inhibiting tumor growth.

 But let me look at sense 1 again: "to put down by force or authority" with synonyms including "inhibit, curb". While the "force/authority" part suggests political context, "inhibit" and "curb" could apply to biological processes.

 However, sense 5 specifically mentions medical/biological examples: "this drug can suppress the hemorrhage" - hemorrhage is a biological/medical process. "Suppress a yawn" is a physiological response.

 The context is about a gene that suppresses growth (tumor growth). This is a biological function where the gene inhibits or stops cell growth/proliferation.

 Sense 5 seems most appropriate: "reduce the incidence or severity of or stop"

 But wait, I should check if there's a specific sense for biological suppression. Let me think about the WordNet structure.

 Actually, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1: "suppress a nascent uprising" - political
 - Sense 5: "suppress a yawn", "suppress the hemorrhage" - physiological/medical

 The context is clearly biological/medical - talking about genes, cancer, cell growth. The phrase "cancer-suppressing gene" is a technical term in biology.

 Sense 5's definition "reduce the incidence or severity of or stop" fits perfectly with "suppress growth" - meaning to stop or inhibit growth.

 Sense 1 could be argued because of the synonym "inhibit", but the definition emphasizes "by force or authority" which doesn't fit biological contexts.

 Therefore, sense 5 (index 5) is the best choice.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=suppress%2:30:00::
 2. sense_key=suppress%2:41:01::
 3. sense_key=suppress%2:41:00::
 4. sense_key=suppress%2:31:00::
 5. sense_key=suppress%2:30:12::

 So sense 5 is the one with definition "reduce the incidence or severity of or stop".

 Actually, looking at WordNet, suppress%2:30:12:: is indeed the sense for "reduce the incidence or severity of or stop".

 But let me double-check: is there any other interpretation?

 Could it be sense 1 with "inhibit"? In biology, we say "growth inhibition", so "suppress" here is synonymous with "inhibit". However, sense 1 is specifically about social/political authority ("put down by force or authority"), while sense 5 is about reducing/stopping biological or physical processes.

 The example "this drug can suppress the hemorrhage" is very similar to "suppress growth" - both are about physiological processes.

 Also, the phrase "tumor suppressor gene" is standard terminology in genetics, referring to genes that regulate the cell cycle and prevent tumor formation by inhibiting cell growth.

 Therefore, sense 5 is definitely the correct choice.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
For months the Johns Hopkins researchers, using gene probes, experimentally crawled down the length of chromosome 17, looking for the smallest common bit of genetic material lost in all tumor cells. Such a piece of DNA would probably constitute a gene. When they found it last winter, Dr. Vogelstein was dubious that the search was over. His doubts stemmed from the fact that several years earlier a Princeton University researcher, Arnold Levine, had found in experiments with mice that a gene called p53 could transform normal cells into cancerous ones. The deletion Dr. Vogelstein found was in exactly the same spot as p53. But Mr. Levine had said the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed <t>growth</t>. Despite that, when the Johns Hopkins scientists compared the gene they had found in the human cancer cells with the Mr. Levine's p53 gene they found the two were identical; it turned out that in Mr. Levine's cancer studies, he had unknowingly been observing a damaged form of p53 -- a cancer-suppressing gene.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "growth" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses cancer research, specifically about genes that suppress or promote tumor/cell growth
 - The key phrase is: "promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth"
 - This is about cell/tumor growth in a biological/medical context
 - Specifically mentions "cancerous ones" (cells), "tumor cells", "cancer-suppressing gene"
 - The contrast is between promoting growth vs suppressing growth of cells/tumors

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: - (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; biological unfolding from simple to complex. Examples mention "osseous development in children". This is about normal organism development.

 2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: - progression from simpler to more complex forms (e.g., "the growth of culture")

 3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: - a process of becoming larger or more numerous (e.g., "the growth of population")

 4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: - vegetation that has grown (e.g., "a growth of trees")

 5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: - gradual beginning or coming forth (e.g., emergence)

 6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: - (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)

 7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: - something grown or growing (e.g., "a growth of hair")

 The context is clearly about cancer, tumors, and cell proliferation. The text mentions "transform normal cells into cancerous ones", "tumor cells", and discusses genes that promote or suppress "growth" in the context of cancer.

 However, looking closely at the specific usage: "promoting growth" vs "suppressed growth" - this is referring to the proliferation of cells in the context of tumors.

 Sense 6 specifically mentions "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)" - this seems very relevant.

 But wait, let me look at the actual sentence again: "promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth"

 In the context of cancer biology, oncogenes promote cell growth/proliferation, while tumor suppressor genes inhibit it. The "growth" here refers to the proliferation of cells, specifically in the context of tumors/cancer.

 Sense 6 is specifically about abnormal proliferation in tumors (pathology).
 Sense 1 is about normal organic growth of an organism.
 Sense 3 is about general increase/growth.

 Given that the context explicitly mentions tumors, cancer cells, and cancer-suppressing genes, and the word "growth" is being contrasted between promotion and suppression in the context of cancer biology...

 Actually, looking carefully at sense 6: "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)" - this refers to the growth itself being the abnormal tissue/the tumor.

 But in the sentence, "promoting growth" means promoting the process of cell multiplication/proliferation. In cancer biology, when we say a gene promotes growth, we mean it promotes cell proliferation.

 Let me reconsider the senses:

 Sense 1: biological process of organism growing (ontogeny/development) - "growing organically"
 Sense 3: process of becoming larger or more numerous - general increase
 Sense 6: abnormal proliferation of tissue (pathology) - specifically the tumor/growth itself?

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - sense 1, 2, 3 are under noun.process (1:22)
 - sense 4 is under noun.group (1:14)
 - sense 5 is under noun.event (1:11)
 - sense 6 is under noun.state (1:26)
 - sense 7 is under noun.object (1:17)

 Sense 6: "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)" - this seems to refer to the pathological state of abnormal growth.

 In the context: "promoting growth" vs "suppressed growth" - this is about the process of cells growing/multiplying.

 However, in the context of cancer, "growth" often refers to the tumor itself (e.g., "a growth on the skin"). But here, the word is used in the phrase "promoting growth" which suggests the process, not the object.

 But wait, the text says: "the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth" - this means it promotes cell proliferation.

 And "suppressed growth" - suppressed cell proliferation.

 Given the medical context involving tumors and cancer, but the specific usage referring to the process of proliferation...

 Actually, looking at the examples for sense 1: "osseous development in children" - this is normal development.
 Sense 6 is specifically pathological.

 The context is definitely pathological - it's about cancer/tumor cells. So sense 6 seems most appropriate.

 But let me double-check: "promoting growth" - if the gene promotes growth, and we're talking about cancer, does "growth" mean:
 a) the process of the tumor growing (cell proliferation)
 b) the tumor itself?

 In cancer biology, "growth" in the phrase "promoting growth" usually refers to cell proliferation (the process of cells dividing and increasing in number).

 However, sense 6 is defined as "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)" - this can be interpreted as the process or the result.

 Actually, looking at typical WordNet usage, sense 6 (pathology) is specifically for the abnormal tissue mass itself (the tumor), whereas senses 1 and 3 are processes.

 Wait, let me check the hypernyms or typical distinctions:
 - Sense 1: organic process → biological process
 - Sense 3: process → physical process
 - Sense 6: is under noun.state? Let me see... 1:26 is "state" - "an abnormal proliferation of tissue" - this is describing the state/condition of having abnormal proliferation.

 Actually, looking at the sentence again carefully: "promoting growth, whereas the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that suppressed growth"

 In molecular biology/cancer biology:
 - Oncogenes promote cell growth (proliferation)
 - Tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell growth (proliferation)

 This is about the process of cellular proliferation.

 Between sense 1 (biological development of organism) and sense 3 (general increase) and sense 6 (pathological abnormal proliferation):

 Given that:
 1. The context is explicitly pathological (cancer, tumors)
 2. The word is contrasted with "cancer-suppressing"
 3. The discussion is about transformation of cells into cancerous ones
 4. Sense 6 specifically mentions pathology and tumors

 However, there might be a subtle distinction. In the phrase "promoting growth", is "growth" being used as a mass noun for the process, or as a count noun for the tumor?

 The text says "promoting growth" (mass noun, process) not "promoting a growth" (count noun, tumor).

 But sense 6 is defined as "an abnormal proliferation" - using "an" suggests it can be a count noun referring to the proliferation itself or the tissue mass.

 Let me think about sense 1 vs sense 3 vs sense 6 again.

 Sense 1: "the process of an individual organism growing organically" - this is about the whole organism developing.
 Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous" - this is general increase.
 Sense 6: specifically pathological.

 The text discusses cells, not the whole organism. It's about cell proliferation. And it's pathological (cancer).

 But actually, looking at standard WSD datasets and how "growth" is tagged in biomedical contexts...

 In the context of "cancer growth" or "tumor growth", sense 6 (pathology) is often used when referring to the tumor itself, but sense 1 or 3 might be used for the process.

 However, looking at the specific gloss for sense 6: "an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)" - the phrase "promoting growth" would mean promoting this abnormal proliferation.

 Also, consider that the Johns Hopkins scientists were looking for a gene that "suppressed growth" - meaning suppressed the proliferation of tumor cells.

 Given the options, and that sense 6 is the only one specifically marked as (pathology) and mentions tumors explicitly, while the context is entirely about cancer pathology, sense 6 seems the best fit.

 Wait, let me reconsider sense 1. The gloss says: "(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically". The example is about children. This is developmental biology, not cell proliferation in tumors.

 Sense 3 is general increase (population growth, unemployment growth).

 Sense 6 is specifically "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)".

 The context matches sense 6 perfectly: abnormal proliferation in the context of tumors/cancer.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense index 6.

 But let me double-check the sentence one more time: "the p53 gene caused cancer by promoting growth"

 Yes, the p53 gene (when mutated) promotes cancer growth - abnormal cell proliferation.

 And "suppressed growth" - suppressing the abnormal proliferation.

 So sense 6 is correct.

 Wait, I should also consider if it could be sense 1. After all, cell growth is biological. But the specific mention of pathology and abnormal proliferation in sense 6, combined with the explicit cancer context, makes 6 better.

 Also, note that sense 1 examples mention "osseous development in children" - normal development. The context here is cancer (abnormal).

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 6}