[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: leave
Target surface form: leaving
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, <t>leaving</t> worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=leave%2:38:01:: | definition=go away from a place | synonyms=go forth, go away | examples=At what time does your train leave?; She didn't leave until midnight
2. sense_key=leave%2:31:05:: | definition=go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness | examples=She left a mess when she moved out; His good luck finally left him
3. sense_key=leave%2:42:02:: | definition=act or be so as to become in a specified state | examples=The inflation left them penniless; The president's remarks left us speechless
4. sense_key=leave%2:30:02:: | definition=leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking | synonyms=leave alone, leave behind | examples=leave it as is; leave the young fawn alone
5. sense_key=leave%2:38:00:: | definition=move out of or depart from | synonyms=exit, go out, get out | examples=leave the room; the fugitive has left the country
6. sense_key=leave%2:42:01:: | definition=make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | synonyms=allow for, allow, provide | examples=This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion
7. sense_key=leave%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a result or residue | synonyms=result, lead | examples=The water left a mark on the silk dress; Her blood left a stain on the napkin
8. sense_key=leave%2:41:00:: | definition=remove oneself from an association with or participation in | synonyms=depart, pull up stakes | examples=She wants to leave; The teenager left home
9. sense_key=leave%2:40:06:: | definition=put into the care or protection of someone | synonyms=entrust | examples=He left the decision to his deputy; leave your child the nurse's care
10. sense_key=leave%2:40:01:: | definition=leave or give by will after one's death | synonyms=bequeath, will | examples=My aunt bequeathed me all her jewelry; My grandfather left me his entire estate
11. sense_key=leave%2:42:03:: | definition=have left or have as a remainder | examples=That left the four of us; 19 minus 8 leaves 11
12. sense_key=leave%2:30:03:: | definition=be survived by after one's death | synonyms=leave behind | examples=He left six children; At her death, she left behind her husband and 11 cats
13. sense_key=leave%2:40:02:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, give, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
14. sense_key=leave%2:31:02:: | definition=leave behind unintentionally | synonyms=forget | examples=I forgot my umbrella in the restaurant; I left my keys inside the car and locked the doors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "leaving" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The passage is about church bell ringers who, after completing their ringing (changes), skip off to the local pub
 - The specific sentence: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."
 - The meaning here is that the ringers depart from the church/belfry and go to the pub, while leaving behind the worship activity for others who are below (in the church).

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=leave%2:38:01:: | definition=go away from a place | synonyms=go forth, go away | examples=At what time does your train leave?; She didn't leave until midnight
 - This means physically departing from a location. The ringers are indeed going away from the church/belfry to the pub.

 2. sense_key=leave%2:31:05:: | definition=go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness | examples=She left a mess when she moved out; His good luck finally left him
 - This involves leaving something behind. While they are leaving worship behind, the focus seems to be on their departure.

 3. sense_key=leave%2:42:02:: | definition=act or be so as to become in a specified state | examples=The inflation left them penniless; The president's remarks left us speechless
 - This is about causing a state. Not applicable here.

 4. sense_key=leave%2:30:02:: | definition=leave unchanged or undisturbed or refrain from taking | synonyms=leave alone, leave behind | examples=leave it as is; leave the young fawn alone
 - This is about not disturbing. Not applicable.

 5. sense_key=leave%2:38:00:: | definition=move out of or depart from | synonyms=exit, go out, get out | examples=leave the room; the fugitive has left the country
 - This is very similar to sense 1, but sense 1 is "go away from a place" while sense 5 is "move out of or depart from". Both involve physical departure.

 6. sense_key=leave%2:42:01:: | definition=make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | synonyms=allow for, allow, provide | examples=This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion
 - Not applicable.

 7. sense_key=leave%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a result or residue | synonyms=result, lead | examples=The water left a mark on the silk dress; Her blood left a stain on the napkin
 - This is about resulting in something remaining. Not the primary meaning here.

 8. sense_key=leave%2:41:00:: | definition=remove oneself from an association with or participation in | synonyms=depart, pull up stakes | examples=She wants to leave; The teenager left home
 - This is about leaving an association or participation. The ringers are leaving the church/worship activity.

 9. sense_key=leave%2:40:06:: | definition=put into the care or protection of someone | synonyms=entrust | examples=He left the decision to his deputy; leave your child the nurse's care
 - Not applicable.

 10. sense_key=leave%2:40:01:: | definition=leave or give by will after one's death | synonyms=bequeath, will | examples=My aunt bequeathed me all her jewelry; My grandfather left me his entire estate
 - Not applicable.

 11. sense_key=leave%2:42:03:: | definition=have left or have as a remainder | examples=That left the four of us; 19 minus 8 leaves 11
 - Mathematical remainder. Not applicable.

 12. sense_key=leave%2:30:03:: | definition=be survived by after one's death | synonyms=leave behind | examples=He left six children; At her death, she left behind her husband and 11 cats
 - Not applicable.

 13. sense_key=leave%2:40:02:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, give, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
 - Not applicable.

 14. sense_key=leave%2:31:02:: | definition=leave behind unintentionally | synonyms=forget | examples=I forgot my umbrella in the restaurant; I left my keys inside the car and locked the doors
 - Not applicable.

 Now, between sense 1, 5, and 8:

 Sense 1: "go away from a place" - focuses on departing from a location
 Sense 5: "move out of or depart from" - very similar, focuses on exiting
 Sense 8: "remove oneself from an association with or participation in" - focuses on leaving a group/activity

 The context: "ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below"

 The structure is: [subject] skip off to [destination], leaving [object] for [others]

 This looks like sense 2: "go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness"

 But let's look more carefully. The sentence structure is:
 "ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below"

 This is a participial phrase "leaving worship for others below" modifying the main clause "ringers often skip off to the local pub".

 The meaning is: As they go to the pub, they leave worship (the activity) for others (the people below in the church).

 This could be:
 - Sense 1: They are going away, and as a result worship is left behind
 - Sense 2: They go and leave worship behind (intentionally or by neglect)
 - Sense 5: They depart from the place

 But sense 2 specifically mentions "go and leave behind" which captures both the going to the pub and the leaving of worship behind.

 However, looking at the examples for sense 2: "She left a mess when she moved out; His good luck finally left him"

 And sense 1 examples: "At what time does your train leave?; She didn't leave until midnight"

 Sense 5 examples: "leave the room; the fugitive has left the country"

 The key distinction is that sense 2 specifically involves leaving something behind (a mess, good luck), while sense 1 and 5 are about the act of departing itself.

 In the sentence "leaving worship for others below", the word "leaving" has an object "worship". This suggests it's a transitive use where something is being left behind.

 Sense 1 and 5 are typically intransitive (go away, depart).
 Sense 2 is transitive (leave behind something).

 Let me check the WordNet entries more carefully.

 Sense 1: leave%2:38:01:: - "go away from a place" - this can be transitive or intransitive? The examples show intransitive usage.
 Sense 5: leave%2:38:00:: - "move out of or depart from" - examples show transitive: "leave the room", "left the country"
 Sense 2: leave%2:31:05:: - "go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness" - examples: "left a mess", "left him"

 Actually, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 5: "leave the room" (transitive - leaving the room)
 - Sense 1: "your train leave" (intransitive), "She didn't leave" (intransitive)

 But in our sentence, "leaving worship" - worship is the object being left.

 If they are leaving worship behind for others, this fits sense 2: "go and leave behind".

 However, there's also sense 8: "remove oneself from an association with or participation in" - examples: "She wants to leave", "The teenager left home". This could fit "leaving worship" (leaving the worship activity).

 But sense 8 examples don't show an object like "worship". "She wants to leave" (intransitive), "left home" (transitive but home is the place).

 Actually, "leave home" in sense 8 could be interpreted as leaving the association of home.

 But "leaving worship" - worship is an activity, not a place.

 Let me reconsider the sentence: "leaving worship for others below"

 This means they are abandoning the worship to others, or leaving the worship behind for others to do.

 This seems to fit sense 2 best: "go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness"

 They go to the pub and leave behind the worship for others.

 But wait, is there a sense about abandoning an activity?

 Sense 8 is "remove oneself from an association with or participation in" - this is about leaving a group or participation.

 If they are leaving worship (the activity), this could be sense 8.

 But the phrase "for others below" suggests that worship remains for others to do, which implies leaving it behind (sense 2).

 Let me look at the exact wording again: "leaving worship for others below"

 This is ambiguous. It could mean:
 1. They depart, and worship is left for others (sense 2)
 2. They depart from worship (sense 1 or 5 or 8)

 But given the object "worship" and the beneficiary "for others", this strongly suggests the "leave behind" meaning.

 However, I should check if there's a sense specifically about leaving something for someone.

 Sense 9: "put into the care or protection of someone" - examples: "He left the decision to his deputy"
 This is close! "leave X to Y" or "leave X for Y".

 But sense 9 is about entrusting care, not about abandoning an activity to others.

 Actually, looking at sense 2 again: "go and leave behind, either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness"

 The example "She left a mess when she moved out" - she moved out (went away) and left a mess behind.

 Similarly: "ringers skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below" - they skip off (go away) and leave worship behind for others.

 This matches sense 2 perfectly.

 But let me double-check sense 5: "move out of or depart from" - if this is used transitively with "worship", it would mean they depart from worship. But "worship" is not a place or container they are inside of, it's an activity. You can "leave the room" (sense 5) but "leave worship" is more abstract.

 Sense 1 is "go away from a place" - worship is not a place.

 Sense 8 is "remove oneself from an association with or participation in" - this could work with "worship" as a participation. "They are leaving worship [the activity]".

 But the phrase "for others below" complicates it. If it were just "leaving worship", sense 8 might work. But "leaving worship for others" implies that worship remains and is being left to others, which is the "leave behind" meaning.

 Therefore, sense 2 seems best.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists the senses with numbers 1-14. I need to return the index number.

 Sense 2 is: sense_key=leave%2:31:05::

 But let me verify if there's any other sense that could fit better.

 Sense 6: "make a possibility or provide opportunity for" - "This leaves no room for improvement" - not quite.
 Sense 7: "have as a result or residue" - "The water left a mark" - this is about physical residue, not leaving an activity for others.

 So sense 2 appears to be the correct choice.

 But I want to reconsider sense 1 and 5. In many WSD tasks, "leave" meaning "depart" is very common. However, the presence of the object "worship" and the phrase "for others" strongly indicates the "leave behind" meaning.

 Also, the context suggests neglect or abandonment: "This does not sit well with some clerics." This implies the ringers are neglecting their duty or properly leaving worship to others in a way that is seen as irresponsible.

 Sense 2 explicitly mentions "either intentionally or by neglect or forgetfulness", which fits the context of the clerics being upset.

 Therefore, sense 2 (index 2) is the best choice.

 One final check: Could it be sense 8? "remove oneself from an association with or participation in"
 Example: "She wants to leave" (leave the group/activity)
 If the sentence were "ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving [the church/the worship]", sense 8 might work. But "leaving worship for others" really emphasizes that worship is being left behind for others to do, not just that they are exiting the activity.

 The "for others" phrase is key here. It indicates that worship is being left as a remainder or something abandoned for others to handle.

 So yes, sense 2.

 Index: 2


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worship
Target surface form: worship
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving <t>worship</t> for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worship%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of worshipping
2. sense_key=worship%1:12:01:: | definition=a feeling of profound love and admiration | synonyms=adoration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "worship" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about church bell ringing
- Ringers are in the belfry/tower of a church
- After ringing, they skip off to the pub
- They leave "worship" for others below
- This doesn't sit well with clerics

The target word "worship" appears in the sentence: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving <t>worship</t> for others below."

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=worship%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity of worshipping
   - This refers to the act or practice of worship, religious services, rituals, etc.
   - In WordNet, sense 1:04:00 usually refers to the activity/event sense (noun.act or noun.event)

2. sense_key=worship%1:12:01:: | definition=a feeling of profound love and admiration | synonyms=adoration
   - This refers to an emotion/feeling (noun.feeling)
   - Synonyms: adoration

Analyzing the context:
- The ringers leave the belfry and go to the pub
- They leave "worship" for others "below" (in the church)
- The contrast is between the ringers (who treat ringing as a technical/mathematical activity) and the religious service happening in the church below
- "Worship" here refers to the religious service or activity taking place in the church
- It's not referring to a feeling or emotion (adoration), but rather to the religious practice/service itself
- The clerics are upset because the ringers don't participate in the religious service

So sense 1 (the activity of worshipping) fits best. This refers to the religious service, the act of worshipping God, which is distinct from the mechanical activity of bell ringing.

Sense 2 would imply they are leaving a "feeling of profound love" for others, which doesn't make sense in this context. You don't leave a feeling for others in the sense of a religious service.

Therefore, the correct sense is sense_key=worship%1:04:00::, which corresponds to sense_index 1.

Wait, I need to check the format. The user wants me to return {"sense_index": 3} format, but the senses are numbered 1 and 2 in the candidate list. So I should return {"sense_index": 1} or {"sense_index": 2} depending on which one I choose.

Looking at the candidate list:
1. sense_key=worship%1:04:00::
2. sense_key=worship%1:12:01::

So if I choose the first one, I return {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check:
- worship%1:04:00:: - This is the activity sense (noun.act)
- worship%1:12:01:: - This is the emotion sense (noun.feeling)

In the context: "leaving worship for others below" - this clearly refers to the religious service/activity happening in the church below, not a feeling. The ringers go to the pub while the congregation below participates in the worship service.

Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: below
Target surface form: below
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others <t>below</t>. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=below%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is lower | synonyms=at a lower place, to a lower place, beneath
2. sense_key=below%4:02:00:: | definition=at a later place | examples=see below
3. sense_key=below%4:02:02:: | definition=(in writing) see below | synonyms=infra | examples=vide infra
4. sense_key=below%4:02:06:: | definition=on a floor below | synonyms=downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor | examples=the tenants live downstairs
5. sense_key=below%4:02:03:: | definition=further down | synonyms=under | examples=see under for further discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "below" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about church bell ringers who work in the belfry (tower)
- They think of the church as "something stuck on the bottom of the belfry"
- When they finish ringing, they skip off to the pub, leaving worship for others "below"
- This implies they are up in the tower/belfry, and the worshippers are below them (downstairs, on a lower floor, or at ground level)

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=below%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is lower | synonyms=at a lower place, to a lower place, beneath
   - This is a general spatial sense meaning "in a lower place"

2. sense_key=below%4:02:00:: | definition=at a later place | examples=see below
   - This refers to text position (later in the document), not physical space

3. sense_key=below%4:02:02:: | definition=(in writing) see below | synonyms=infra | examples=vide infra
   - This is specifically about written text references

4. sense_key=below%4:02:06:: | definition=on a floor below | synonyms=downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor | examples=the tenants live downstairs
   - This specifically refers to being on a lower floor of a building

5. sense_key=below%4:02:03:: | definition=further down | synonyms=under | examples=see under for further discussion
   - This seems to be about text or hierarchical position "further down"

The context describes ringers in a belfry (tower) leaving worship for others who are physically below them in the church building. The phrase "leaving worship for others below" combined with the earlier mention of "the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry" strongly suggests a vertical spatial relationship in a building.

Sense 4 ("on a floor below") seems most specific and appropriate because:
- It mentions "downstairs" and "on a lower floor"
- The example "the tenants live downstairs" shows it's about building floors
- The ringers are in the tower/belfry (upstairs), while worshippers are in the church below (downstairs/at ground level)

Sense 1 is more general ("in or to a place that is lower"), but Sense 4 is more specific to the architectural context of floors in a building, which fits the church/belfry scenario better.

However, I need to check if Sense 4 is the best fit or if Sense 1 is more appropriate. The context mentions "the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry" - this suggests the church is below the belfry. The ringers are in the belfry (tower), and they leave worship for those "below" - meaning those in the church building at ground level or lower levels.

Sense 4 specifically mentions "on a floor below" and synonyms like "downstairs". This fits perfectly with the image of ringers being up in the tower and worshippers being downstairs in the church proper.

Sense 1 is more general and could work, but Sense 4 captures the specific architectural relationship better.

Wait, let me reconsider. The text says "leaving worship for others below". In a church context, the belfry is typically above the main church area. So "below" would mean downstairs in the church.

Sense 4: "on a floor below" | synonyms=downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor

This seems like the best match.

But let me double-check the other senses to make sure I'm not missing something:
- Sense 2: "at a later place" - refers to text, not physical space
- Sense 3: "(in writing) see below" - definitely text reference
- Sense 5: "further down" - the example "see under for further discussion" suggests this is also about text or hierarchical ordering

So it's between Sense 1 and Sense 4.

Sense 1: "in or to a place that is lower" - general spatial
Sense 4: "on a floor below" - specific to floors of a building

Given the context involves a belfry (which is part of a church tower) and the church being "on the bottom", and ringers being in the tower while worship is "below", the specific sense referring to floors of a building (Sense 4) seems most appropriate.

Actually, looking at WordNet sense keys, the format is below%4:02:XX:: where XX is the sense number.

Sense 4 in my list corresponds to below%4:02:06::
Sense 1 corresponds to below%4:02:01::

Wait, I need to be careful. The user lists:
1. sense_key=below%4:02:01::
2. sense_key=below%4:02:00::
3. sense_key=below%4:02:02::
4. sense_key=below%4:02:06::
5. sense_key=below%4:02:03::

So the indices in the list (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) don't correspond to the WordNet lexicographer file numbers (01, 00, 02, 06, 03).

The user asks me to return {"sense_index": 3} where 3 would be the index in the candidate list (1-based indexing).

So if I choose sense_key=below%4:02:06::, that is candidate #4 in the list, so I should return {"sense_index": 4}.

If I choose sense_key=below%4:02:01::, that is candidate #1, so {"sense_index": 1}.

Given the context, I believe the answer is sense #4 (on a floor below / downstairs).

Let me verify by looking at the actual WordNet entries if I can recall them:
- below%4:02:01:: is usually the general "in or to a lower place" sense
- below%4:02:06:: is specifically "on a lower floor, downstairs"

In the context: "leaving worship for others below" - this is clearly referring to people who are downstairs in the church while the ringers are up in the belfry.

Therefore, sense index 4 is the correct choice.

Wait, I should double-check the exact wording of sense 4: "on a floor below" with synonyms "downstairs, down the stairs, on a lower floor" and example "the tenants live downstairs".

Yes, this fits the context of churchgoers being downstairs while ringers are up in the tower.

Sense 1 "in or to a place that is lower" is more general and could apply, but sense 4 is more specific and accurate for this architectural context.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 4}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit <t>well</t> with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "well" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "This does not sit <t>well</t> with some clerics."
 - The context is about church bell ringers who don't attend church services, they just ring the bells and then go to the pub.
 - This behavior doesn't "sit well" with some clerics.

 The phrase "sit well with" is an idiom meaning to be acceptable to someone, to meet with someone's approval, or to be agreeable to someone.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. well%4:02:00:: - in a good or proper or satisfactory manner (syn: good)
    - Example: "the children behaved well; a task well done"
    - This is a general "good manner" sense.

 2. well%4:02:05:: - thoroughly or completely
    - Example: "The problem is well understood"
    - Doesn't fit "sit well with"

 3. well%4:02:03:: - indicating high probability
    - Example: "I might well do it"
    - Doesn't fit

 4. well%4:02:15:: - entirely or fully (emphasis)
    - Example: "a book well worth reading"
    - Doesn't fit

 5. well%4:02:08:: - to a suitable or appropriate extent
    - Example: "the project was well underway"
    - Doesn't fit

 6. well%4:02:07:: - favorably; with approval
    - Example: "their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book"
    - This seems close. "Sit well with" means to be favorably received or to meet with approval.

 7. well%4:02:11:: - to a great extent or degree
    - Example: "well over budget"
    - Doesn't fit

 8. well%4:02:14:: - with great or especially intimate knowledge
    - Example: "we knew them well"
    - Doesn't fit

 9. well%4:02:13:: - with prudence or propriety
    - Example: "You would do well to say nothing more"
    - Doesn't fit

 10. well%4:02:12:: - with skill or in a pleasing manner
    - Example: "she dances well"
    - Doesn't fit

 11. well%4:02:10:: - in a manner affording benefit or advantage
    - Example: "she married well"
    - Doesn't fit

 12. well%4:02:09:: - in financial comfort
    - Example: "They live well"
    - Doesn't fit

 13. well%4:02:01:: - without unusual distress or resentment
    - Example: "took the joke well"
    - Doesn't fit

 The phrase "sit well with" is similar to "go over well with" or "be well received by". It means to be agreeable to or meet with the approval of.

 Looking at sense 6: "favorably; with approval" - examples include "their neighbors spoke well of them" and "he thought well of the book".

 In the phrase "sit well with", "well" modifies "sit" to indicate that the situation is not favorably received or approved of by the clerics.

 However, let me also consider sense 1: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner". "Does not sit well" could mean "does not sit in a satisfactory manner" or "does not sit properly".

 But the idiom "sit well with" specifically relates to acceptance/approval. When something "sits well with" you, it means you accept it, you are comfortable with it, you approve of it.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet definitions more carefully:

 Sense 6: "favorably; with approval" - this matches the idea that the clerics do not view this behavior favorably or with approval.

 Sense 1 is more about the manner/quality of an action (doing something well).

 But "sit well with" is an idiomatic expression. Let me think about what "well" means in this specific construction.

 If we say "This does not sit well with me", we mean "I don't like this" or "I don't approve of this" or "This is not acceptable to me".

 The phrase suggests:
 - Comfort/acceptance (sense 13 is about taking things well, but that's different)
 - Approval (sense 6)
 - Proper manner (sense 1)

 Actually, looking at standard WSD for "sit well with", this is usually mapped to sense 1 or sense 6 depending on the exact WordNet version, but let's look at the examples again.

 Sense 1: "the children behaved well; a task well done" - this is about performing actions in a good manner.

 Sense 6: "their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book" - this is about having a favorable opinion.

 In "sit well with", the meaning is closer to "being agreeable to" or "meeting with approval".

 But wait, there's also the possibility of sense 13? No, that's about taking news/jokes well (enduring).

 Let me reconsider the phrase "sit well". In physical terms, food sits well (is digested comfortably). In metaphorical terms, an idea or situation sits well with someone (they accept it comfortably).

 This seems closest to sense 6 (favorably; with approval) or possibly sense 1 (in a satisfactory manner).

 However, looking at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 data (which this appears to be), "sit well with" is typically annotated as sense 6 (favorably; with approval) or sometimes sense 1.

 But let me look at the exact wording: "favorably; with approval" vs "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner".

 The phrase "does not sit well with" means "is not favorably received by" or "does not meet with the approval of". This aligns with sense 6.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 6: "their neighbors spoke well of them" - this is about speaking favorably. "he thought well of the book" - thinking favorably.

 "This does not sit well with some clerics" - this is not about speaking or thinking, but about the reception/acceptance of a situation.

 But there's another possibility: sense 13 is "without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor" - "took the joke well". This is about receiving/reacting to something.

 However, "sit well with" is more about the compatibility/acceptability of the situation to the person, not about their reaction per se.

 Let me check if there's a sense about "comfortably" or "agreeably". Sense 12 is financial comfort. Sense 13 is emotional reaction.

 Actually, looking at various WSD resources and the SemCor corpus, "sit well with" is often disambiguated as sense 1 (the primary adverbial sense of "well" meaning "in a good manner") or sense 6.

 But given the specific glosses here:
 - Sense 1: in a good or proper or satisfactory manner
 - Sense 6: favorably; with approval

 "Does not sit well" = does not sit in a satisfactory/proper manner = does not meet with approval.

 Both could work, but sense 6 seems more precise for the "approval" aspect.

 However, looking at the idiom "sit well", it originates from the physical sense of something fitting or resting comfortably (like food sitting well in the stomach). This is about being proper/satisfactory (sense 1).

 But in modern usage, "sit well with" is definitely about approval/acceptance.

 Let me check the synonyms provided:
 - Sense 1: good (nonstandard dialectal variant)
 - Sense 6: (no synonyms listed in the candidate, but in WordNet it's about favorable approval)

 Actually, looking at the candidate list again:
 6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book

 The examples show "speak well of" and "think well of", which are about having a favorable opinion.

 "Sit well with" is about the situation being acceptable or agreeable to someone.

 I think sense 6 is the best fit.

 Wait, I should also consider if this could be sense 13: "without unusual distress or resentment". No, that's about taking/receiving news.

 Or sense 9: "with prudence or propriety". "You would do well to..." - different construction.

 Given the choices, sense 6 "favorably; with approval" captures the meaning that the clerics do not approve of this behavior, it is not favorable to them.

 But let me double-check: could it be sense 1?
 "This does not sit in a good/proper/satisfactory manner with some clerics."
 vs
 "This does not sit favorably/with approval with some clerics."

 Both work, but "favorably/with approval" is more specific to the context of people's reactions and judgments, whereas sense 1 is more general.

 Also, note that "sit well with" is synonymous with "go down well with" or "be well received", which connects to sense 6.

 Therefore, I choose sense 6 (index 6).

 Wait, I need to make sure about the indexing. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=well%4:02:00::
 2. sense_key=well%4:02:05::
 3. sense_key=well%4:02:03::
 4. sense_key=well%4:02:15::
 5. sense_key=well%4:02:08::
 6. sense_key=well%4:02:07::
 7. sense_key=well%4:02:11::
 8. sense_key=well%4:02:14::
 9. sense_key=well%4:02:13::
 10. sense_key=well%4:02:12::
 11. sense_key=well%4:02:10::
 12. sense_key=well%4:02:09::
 13. sense_key=well%4:02:01::

 So sense_key=well%4:02:07:: is index 6.

 Final check: Is there any other sense that could fit?
 - Sense 13 (well%4:02:01::): "took the joke well" - this is about receiving something well. But "sit well with" is not the same as "take well". "Take well" means to react well. "Sit well with" means to be acceptable/agreeable to.
 - Sense 6 is definitely about approval and favorability.

 Yes, sense 6 is correct.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: membership
Target surface form: membership
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With <t>membership</t> of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=membership%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of members of an organization or group | synonyms=rank | examples=they polled their membership; they found dissension in their own ranks
2. sense_key=membership%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being a member

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "membership" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The text is about church bell ringers and the Church of England. The specific sentence is: "With <t>membership</t> of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

 Here, "membership" refers to the number of people who are members of the Church of England, or the body of members itself. It's talking about the group of people belonging to the organization (the Church of England) decreasing.

 Candidate sense 1: "the body of members of an organization or group" - synonyms: rank - examples: "they polled their membership; they found dissension in their own ranks"
 Candidate sense 2: "the state of being a member" - no examples provided in the prompt, but typically refers to the status/condition of being a member

 In the context "membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling", this refers to the number of members or the body of members decreasing. It refers to the collective group of people who are members.

 Sense 1 (membership%1:14:00::) seems to fit better because:
 - It refers to the body of members (the people)
 - "Dwindling" suggests the number/size of the group is decreasing
 - The synonym "rank" fits (as in "the ranks of the church")

 Sense 2 (membership%1:26:00::) would refer more to the state/condition of being a member. For example: "She applied for membership in the club" (meaning the status of being a member). While you could say "membership is dwindling" with this sense, it's less common. Usually, when we say "membership is dwindling" we mean the number of members (the body) is getting smaller.

 Also, looking at the examples for sense 1: "they polled their membership" - this clearly refers to the people. "Membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling" parallels this usage - it's about the people leaving the church.

 The index requested should be 1 or 2 based on the order given. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=membership%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=membership%1:26:00::

 So if I choose sense 1, the index is 1. If I choose sense 2, the index is 2.

 I believe sense 1 is the correct choice.

 Wait, let me double-check WordNet senses for "membership":
 - membership.n.01: the body of members of an organization or group - "they polled their membership"; "they found dissension in their own ranks"
 - membership.n.02: the state of being a member - no examples listed in standard WordNet, but implies the status

 In the phrase "membership of the Church of England", this is definitely referring to the people who are members, not the abstract state. When we say "membership is dwindling", we mean the count of people is going down. This aligns with sense 1 (the body of members).

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: steadily
Target surface form: steadily
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England <t>steadily</t> dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=steadily%4:02:01:: | definition=at a steady rate or pace | examples=his interest eroded steadily
2. sense_key=steadily%4:02:00:: | definition=in a steady manner | synonyms=steady | examples=he could still walk steadily

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "steadily" in the given context.

Context: "With membership of the Church of England <t>steadily</t> dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=steadily%4:02:01:: | definition=at a steady rate or pace | examples=his interest eroded steadily
2. sense_key=steadily%4:02:00:: | definition=in a steady manner | synonyms=steady | examples=he could still walk steadily

Let me analyze the context. The word "steadily" modifies "dwindling" - describing how the membership is dwindling. "Dwindling" means decreasing, shrinking.

Sense 1: "at a steady rate or pace" - example: "his interest eroded steadily". This fits with something gradually decreasing over time at a consistent rate. "Membership steadily dwindling" means the membership is decreasing at a steady, continuous rate.

Sense 2: "in a steady manner" - synonyms=steady, example: "he could still walk steadily". This describes physical stability or consistency in action (walking steadily). It's more about being firm, stable, unwavering in manner.

In the context of "membership... steadily dwindling", we're talking about a process (dwindling) happening at a steady rate or pace over time. This aligns with sense 1. The example "his interest eroded steadily" is very similar - both describe gradual decline/progressive change at a consistent rate.

Sense 2 would be more appropriate for physical actions or maintaining stability (walking steadily, holding something steadily).

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists:
1. sense_key=steadily%4:02:01:: | definition=at a steady rate or pace | examples=his interest eroded steadily
2. sense_key=steadily%4:02:00:: | definition=in a steady manner | synonyms=steady | examples=he could still walk steadily

So sense index 1 is "at a steady rate or pace" and sense index 2 is "in a steady manner".

The target is "steadily" modifying "dwindling". Dwindling is a process of gradual decrease. "At a steady rate or pace" fits perfectly. The example "his interest eroded steadily" parallels "membership... steadily dwindling" almost exactly (both abstract nouns undergoing gradual decline).

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

Wait, I need to make sure about the numbering. The user says:
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=...
2. sense_key=...

So I should return index 1.

Let me reconsider if there's any ambiguity. "Steadily dwindling" could potentially be interpreted as "in a steady manner" but "dwindling" isn't really an action that has a "manner" in the physical stability sense. The WordNet gloss for sense 2 "in a steady manner" with example "walk steadily" suggests physical stability or consistency of action. Sense 1 "at a steady rate or pace" with example "eroded steadily" suggests temporal consistency of a process.

Membership dwindling is a temporal process, so sense 1 is correct.

Final answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vicar
Target surface form: vicars
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed <t>vicars</t> are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vicar%1:18:00:: | definition=a Roman Catholic priest who acts for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. sense_key=vicar%1:18:02:: | definition=(Episcopal Church) a clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. sense_key=vicar%1:18:01:: | definition=(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "vicars" in the given context. I need to choose between three senses:

1. Roman Catholic priest acting for another higher-ranking clergyman
2. Episcopal Church clergyman in charge of a chapel
3. Church of England clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish

Let me analyze the context:
- The text mentions "St. Mary Abbot" which is a church in London (Kensington)
- It mentions "Church of England" explicitly: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling"
- It mentions "clerics" and specifically "the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon"
- Great Torrington is in England, and the Church of England is the established church there
- The text discusses tensions between vicars and ringers (bell ringers) in the Church of England context

The key clues are:
1. Explicit mention of "Church of England" in the sentence containing the target word "vicars"
2. The specific example given is the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon - this is clearly a Church of England parish
3. The context is about parishes, parishioners, and church attendance
4. Devon is in England

Sense 3 is defined as "(Church of England) a clergyman appointed to act as priest of a parish" - this matches perfectly.

Sense 1 is Roman Catholic - wrong denomination.
Sense 2 is Episcopal Church (which is the Anglican church in the US, but the context specifically mentions Church of England and Devon, England).

Therefore, the correct sense is sense 3 (index 3).

The output should be: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: press
Target surface form: pressing
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are <t>pressing</t> equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=press%2:35:00:: | definition=exert pressure or force to or upon | examples=He pressed down on the boards; press your thumb on this spot
2. sense_key=press%2:32:00:: | definition=force or impel in an indicated direction | synonyms=urge, urge on, exhort | examples=I urged him to finish his studies
3. sense_key=press%2:42:01:: | definition=to be oppressive or burdensome; , | synonyms=weigh | examples=weigh heavily on the mind; Something pressed on his mind
4. sense_key=press%2:35:01:: | definition=place between two surfaces and apply weight or pressure | examples=pressed flowers
5. sense_key=press%2:35:02:: | definition=squeeze or press together | synonyms=compress, constrict, squeeze, compact, contract | examples=she compressed her lips; the spasm contracted the muscle
6. sense_key=press%2:38:00:: | definition=crowd closely | examples=The crowds pressed along the street
7. sense_key=press%2:36:01:: | definition=create by pressing | examples=Press little holes into the soft clay
8. sense_key=press%2:42:00:: | definition=be urgent | examples=This is a pressing problem
9. sense_key=press%2:41:12:: | definition=exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for | synonyms=crusade, fight, campaign, push, agitate | examples=The liberal party pushed for reforms; She is crusading for women's rights
10. sense_key=press%2:36:00:: | definition=press from a plastic | synonyms=press out | examples=press a record
11. sense_key=press%2:35:06:: | definition=make strenuous pushing movements during birth to expel the baby | synonyms=push | examples=`Now push hard,' said the doctor to the woman
12. sense_key=press%2:35:03:: | definition=press and smooth with a heated iron | synonyms=iron, iron out | examples=press your shirts; she stood there ironing
13. sense_key=press%2:33:00:: | definition=lift weights | synonyms=weight-lift | examples=This guy can press 300 pounds
14. sense_key=press%2:32:01:: | definition=ask for or request earnestly | synonyms=bid, beseech, entreat, adjure, conjure | examples=The prophet bid all people to become good persons

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "pressing" in the given context.

 Target lemma: press
 Target surface form: pressing
 Context: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are <t>pressing</t> equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The vicars are "pressing" the ringers to attend services.
 - The ringers are non-religious and don't want to attend services.
 - The vicars want them to attend.
 - This is about persuasion or urging someone to do something.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=press%2:35:00:: | definition=exert pressure or force to or upon | examples=He pressed down on the boards; press your thumb on this spot
 - This is physical pressure. Not fitting here.

 2. sense_key=press%2:32:00:: | definition=force or impel in an indicated direction | synonyms=urge, urge on, exhort | examples=I urged him to finish his studies
 - This looks promising. "Urge" fits well. The vicars are urging/impelling the ringers to attend services.

 3. sense_key=press%2:42:01:: | definition=to be oppressive or burdensome; , | synonyms=weigh | examples=weigh heavily on the mind; Something pressed on his mind
 - This is about being oppressive, not actively pressing someone to do something.

 4. sense_key=press%2:35:01:: | definition=place between two surfaces and apply weight or pressure | examples=pressed flowers
 - Physical act, not relevant.

 5. sense_key=press%2:35:02:: | definition=squeeze or press together | synonyms=compress, constrict, squeeze, compact, contract | examples=she compressed her lips
 - Physical compression, not relevant.

 6. sense_key=press%2:38:00:: | definition=crowd closely | examples=The crowds pressed along the street
 - Crowding, not relevant.

 7. sense_key=press%2:36:01:: | definition=create by pressing | examples=Press little holes into the soft clay
 - Creating something by pressing, not relevant.

 8. sense_key=press%2:42:00:: | definition=be urgent | examples=This is a pressing problem
 - This is about the adjective "pressing" meaning urgent. But here "pressing" is a verb form (part of "are pressing"). Wait, let me check: "strong-willed vicars are pressing..." - yes, it's the present participle of the verb "press", not the adjective. So this sense is about the adjective "pressing" meaning urgent, which doesn't fit grammatically here.

 9. sense_key=press%2:41:12:: | definition=exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for | synonyms=crusade, fight, campaign, push, agitate | examples=The liberal party pushed for reforms; She is crusading for women's rights
 - This is about campaigning for a cause. While vicars might be campaigning, the specific usage here is "pressing... ringers to attend services" - this takes a direct object and an infinitive complement ("ringers to attend"). This sense (crusade) is usually intransitive or takes "for" - "crusade for", "push for", not "push someone to do something" in the sense of urging. Actually, "push" can be used that way, but let's compare with sense 2.

 10. sense_key=press%2:36:00:: | definition=press from a plastic | synonyms=press out | examples=press a record
 - Manufacturing, not relevant.

 11. sense_key=press%2:35:06:: | definition=make strenuous pushing movements during birth to expel the baby | synonyms=push
 - Childbirth, not relevant.

 12. sense_key=press%2:35:03:: | definition=press and smooth with a heated iron | synonyms=iron, iron out
 - Ironing clothes, not relevant.

 13. sense_key=press%2:33:00:: | definition=lift weights | synonyms=weight-lift
 - Weightlifting, not relevant.

 14. sense_key=press%2:32:01:: | definition=ask for or request earnestly | synonyms=bid, beseech, entreat, adjure, conjure
 - This is also promising. "Beseech" or "entreat" someone to do something. But "press" in this sense is more about earnest request.

 Now between sense 2 ("force or impel in an indicated direction", synonyms urge, urge on, exhort) and sense 14 ("ask for or request earnestly", synonyms bid, beseech, entreat) and sense 9 (crusade/push).

 Let me look at the examples:
 - Sense 2: "I urged him to finish his studies" - this matches the structure "pressing... ringers to attend services"
 - Sense 14 examples: "The prophet bid all people to become good persons" - also matches structure.
 - Sense 9 examples: "The liberal party pushed for reforms" - this is "push for", not "push someone to do something"

 But sense 2 specifically mentions "urge" which is exactly what vicars are doing - urging/pressing ringers to attend. "Press" in the sense of "pressure someone to do something" or "urge someone to do something" is a very common usage.

 Let me check WordNet definitions more carefully. Sense 2 is:
 press, urge, urge on, exhort -- (force or impel in an indicated direction; "I urged him to finish his studies")

 Sense 14 is:
 bid, beseech, entreat, adjure, press, conjure -- (ask for or request earnestly; "The prophet bid all people to become good persons")

 The difference is subtle. Sense 2 is about impelling/urging/driving someone to action. Sense 14 is about asking earnestly.

 In the context: "strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

 This sounds like the vicars are applying pressure, urging them strongly, perhaps insistently. The phrase "press someone to do something" is very common for sense 2 (urge).

 Also, looking at the synonym "exhort" - that fits well. Vicars exhorting ringers to attend.

 Sense 14 synonyms like "beseech" and "entreat" imply more of a begging or earnest requesting, which might not fit as well with "strong-willed vicars" who are being described as applying pressure rather than pleading.

 Also, the construction "press X to Y" is typical of sense 2 (urge).

 Wait, I should also consider if sense 8 could be it. Sense 8 is "be urgent" - but that's intransitive. The sentence has a direct object: "pressing... ringers". So it must be transitive.

 So it's between 2, 9, and 14.

 Sense 9 is about crusading/campaigning. While vicars might campaign, the specific construction "pressing... ringers" suggests they are putting pressure on the ringers specifically, not just campaigning generally.

 Between 2 and 14:
 - Sense 2: force or impel in an indicated direction
 - Sense 14: ask for or request earnestly

 The word "pressing" here suggests insistence and pressure. "Urge" (sense 2) captures this better than "beseech" (sense 14). Beseech is more supplicant, while press/urge is more insistent.

 Also, the example for sense 2: "I urged him to finish his studies" - this is exactly parallel to "pressing... ringers to attend services".

 The example for sense 14: "The prophet bid all people to become good persons" - this is also similar, but "bid" is somewhat archaic/formal.

 I think sense 2 is the best fit.

 Let me double-check the sense keys to make sure I'm reading the indices correctly:
 1. press%2:35:00::
 2. press%2:32:00::
 3. press%2:42:01::
 4. press%2:35:01::
 5. press%2:35:02::
 6. press%2:38:00::
 7. press%2:36:01::
 8. press%2:42:00::
 9. press%2:41:12::
 10. press%2:36:00::
 11. press%2:35:06::
 12. press%2:35:03::
 13. press%2:33:00::
 14. press%2:32:01::

 So sense 2 would be index 2.

 Wait, let me reconsider sense 9. The definition says "exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for". The synonyms are crusade, fight, campaign, push, agitate.

 If the vicars are "pressing" the ringers, and "push" is a synonym, could this be sense 9? "Push" in the sense of "push for reforms" is intransitive or takes "for". But "push someone to do something" is different.

 Actually, looking at WordNet, sense 9 (press%2:41:12) is often used as "press for" or "press for changes". But here we have "press [someone] to [do something]".

 The structure "press someone to do something" aligns best with sense 2 (urge).

 Also, looking at the context again: "strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed... ringers" - this implies a clash of wills, pressure being applied. This is consistent with "urge" or "exhort" (sense 2).

 I should verify if there's any other sense. What about sense 1? "exert pressure or force to or upon" - this is physical. But "pressing" can be metaphorical pressure. However, sense 1 examples are physical: "He pressed down on the boards".

 Sense 2 is the metaphorical extension: urging, impelling.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 2.

 Wait, I want to check if "press" in the sense of "importune" or "pressure" might be sense 14. Sense 14 includes "adjure" which can mean to urge solemnly. But the primary meaning of sense 14 seems to be requesting earnestly.

 Let me think about the difference between "urge" and "entreat". Urging is stronger, more forceful. Entreating is earnest but can be more supplicating. Given the description of "strong-willed vicars" and the conflict described, "urge" (sense 2) seems more appropriate.

 Also, the word "pressing" in the phrase "pressing someone to do something" is almost always sense 2 in WordNet.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equally
Target surface form: equally
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing <t>equally</t> strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equally%4:02:01:: | definition=to the same degree (often followed by `as') | synonyms=as, every bit | examples=they were equally beautiful; birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly
2. sense_key=equally%4:02:02:: | definition=in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way | synonyms=evenly | examples=a class evenly divided between girls and boys; they split their winnings equally

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "equally" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing <t>equally</t> strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

 Here, "equally" is modifying "strong-willed". It's describing the ringers as being equally strong-willed (as the vicars are strong-willed, or perhaps equally strong-willed among themselves, but likely meaning to the same degree as the vicars).

 Comparing the two senses:

 Sense 1: "to the same degree (often followed by `as')" - synonyms: as, every bit
 Examples: "they were equally beautiful; birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly"
 This sense is about degree/extent - being to the same extent or degree.

 Sense 2: "in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way" - synonyms: evenly
 Examples: "a class evenly divided between girls and boys; they split their winnings equally"
 This sense is about distribution, division, or sharing.

 In the context: "strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed... ringers"
 Here "equally" is modifying "strong-willed", meaning the ringers are strong-willed to the same degree (as the vicars, or perhaps to a similarly strong degree). It's comparing the degree of "strong-willedness" between two groups (vicars and ringers).

 This matches Sense 1: "to the same degree".

 However, let me double-check. Could it be Sense 2? If it meant "in equal amounts", that wouldn't fit with "strong-willed" which isn't a quantifiable thing that can be split into shares. It's an adjective describing a characteristic. So Sense 2 (distribution/sharing) doesn't make sense here.

 Sense 1 indicates a comparison of degree: the vicars are strong-willed, and the ringers are equally (to the same degree) strong-willed.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense_key=equally%4:02:01:: which corresponds to sense 1.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=equally%4:02:01::
 2. sense_key=equally%4:02:02::

 So sense 1 is the first one, sense 2 is the second one.

 My analysis points to sense 1.

 Let me verify with the examples:
 Sense 1 examples include "they were equally beautiful" - here "equally" modifies the adjective "beautiful", comparing degree.
 This is parallel to "equally strong-willed".

 Sense 2 examples involve dividing things: "split their winnings equally" - this is about distribution.

 So yes, sense 1 is correct.

 The output should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and <t>often</t> non-religious ringers to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "often" in the given context.

Let me analyze the target word "often" in the sentence:
"With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and <t>often</t> non-religious ringers to attend services."

Here, "often" modifies "non-religious ringers". The phrase is "often non-religious ringers".

Wait, let me look at the context more carefully. The sentence is:
"strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and <t>often</t> non-religious ringers to attend services."

Actually, looking at the structure: "equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers"

Hmm, but "often" here seems to be modifying the adjective "non-religious"? Or is it saying that ringers are often non-religious?

Let me look at the three senses:

1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
This is the temporal frequency sense - happening many times.

2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
This seems to be about quantity/degree, similar to "much".

3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances
This is about generalization - in many cases, typically.

Now, in the sentence: "strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend services."

Wait, I need to parse this. Is it:
- "often non-religious" = frequently non-religious? That doesn't quite make sense for individual ringers.
- Or is it "often [they are] non-religious" - meaning in many cases, the ringers are non-religious?

Actually, looking at the sentence structure again:
"strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers"

I think "often" here is being used to mean "in many cases" or "frequently" in the sense that many of the ringers are non-religious. It's not about frequency of action over time, but about the proportion of cases - many ringers are non-religious.

Let me reconsider the exact usage. The phrase is "often non-religious ringers". This is a bit unusual syntactically. Usually we'd say "ringers who are often non-religious" or "who are frequently non-religious". But here it's placed before the adjective: "often non-religious".

Actually, looking more carefully at the text:
"strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and <t>often</t> non-religious ringers"

Hmm, could it be parsed as: "equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers"?

Wait, I think I may have misread the sentence. Let me look again at the full context:

"With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and <t>often</t> non-religious ringers to attend services."

Actually, I wonder if the target is actually in a different position. Let me search for "often" in the text.

The text contains:
1. "More often than not" - idiom
2. "ringers often skip off" - here "often" means frequently/many times
3. "equally strong-willed and <t>often</t> non-religious ringers" - this is the target!

So the target "often" is in the phrase "often non-religious ringers".

Now, what does "often non-religious" mean? It means that in many cases, the ringers are non-religious. It's describing a general tendency or characteristic across the population of ringers.

Sense 3: "in many cases or instances" - this fits best. It's saying that in many instances/cases, these ringers are non-religious.

Sense 1: "many times at short intervals" - this is temporal frequency. If we said "He is often late", that could be sense 1. But "often non-religious ringers" as a noun modifier is more about "in many cases".

Actually, let me think about "He is often non-religious" vs "Often, ringers are non-religious".

Wait, the structure "often non-religious" modifying "ringers" is somewhat ambiguous. But given the context, the author is making a generalization about ringers: they are frequently/typically non-religious.

Sense 3 "in many cases or instances" seems to be the best fit for generalizations over a population.

Sense 2 "frequently or in great quantities" with synonyms "much, a great deal" - this is usually for verbs or uncountable nouns, like "I don't drink much". It doesn't fit well with adjectives.

Sense 1 is about temporal frequency: "many times at short intervals".

But when we say "Swedes are often blonde" or "Doctors are often rich", we're using sense 3 (in many cases or instances) rather than sense 1 (many times at short intervals). Actually, wait - WordNet might classify "They are often late" as sense 1 or 3?

Let me think about the examples:
Sense 1: "we often met over a cup of coffee" - this is clearly temporal frequency.
Sense 2: "I don't drink much" - quantity.
Sense 3: no example given, but definition is "in many cases or instances".

In WSD for "often", sense 3 is typically used for generalizations like "Boys are often noisy" where it means "in many cases". Sense 1 is for repeated actions.

In our sentence: "ringers are often non-religious" (or "often non-religious ringers") - this is a generalization about a class of people. It means "in many cases, ringers are non-religious". This aligns with sense 3.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet distinctions for "often":
- often%4:02:00:: -> frequently (temporal)
- often%4:02:02:: -> in many cases or instances (generalization)

The phrase "More often than not" earlier in the text is actually sense 3 (in many cases or instances), but that's not the target.

For the target: "often non-religious ringers" - this means ringers who in many cases are non-religious, or rather, it's characterizing the group as being non-religious in many instances.

Actually, I should double check: is it possible that "often" here is part of "and often non-religious", parallel to "equally strong-willed"? So: "equally strong-willed and [equally] often non-religious"? No, that doesn't parse well.

Wait, let me re-read: "pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers"

Could it mean: pressing ringers who are (1) equally strong-willed and (2) often non-religious?

If a person is "often non-religious", that would mean they are frequently non-religious (maybe sometimes they are religious?). But that seems odd. More likely it's saying that the ringers, who are strong-willed, are also frequently (as a group) non-religious.

But grammatically, "often" is modifying the adjective "non-religious" or the whole noun phrase. When "often" modifies an adjective in a generalization, like "often wrong", "often non-religious", it's typically sense 3 in WordNet.

Let me verify with the sentence semantics. The paragraph is explaining that ringers think of the church as stuck on the bottom of the belfry, they skip off to the pub, and they are non-religious. The author is making a general claim about ringers as a group. "Often non-religious" means that it is frequently the case that ringers are non-religious.

Sense 3: "in many cases or instances" - this is exactly the generalization sense.

Therefore, the best sense is 3.

Wait, I want to be absolutely sure. Let me consider if sense 1 could work. "Many times at short intervals" - if we interpret "often non-religious" as "frequently non-religious", could that mean that at many different times they are non-religious? That's a bit strange for a stative adjective like "non-religious". You don't typically fluctuate between religious and non-religious at short intervals. So sense 1 is unlikely.

Sense 2 is clearly wrong because it's about quantities (much, a great deal) and doesn't fit with adjectives.

So sense 3 is the answer.

The user wants JSON output: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious <t>ringers</t> to attend services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "ringers" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about church bell ringing ("master of the band", "tower", "belfry", "changes", "worship", "clerics", "vicars")
- It mentions "Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers"
- It talks about ringers thinking of the church as "something stuck on the bottom of the belfry"
- It mentions "ringers who didn't attend service" and "sacked the entire band"
- The ringers set up a "picket line in protest"

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
   - This matches perfectly with the context of church bells, towers, belfries, and the mention of "master of the band" (bell ringing band).

2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
   - This doesn't fit the context at all. There's no mention of people looking alike.

3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
   - This doesn't fit. The context is about church bell ringing, not competitions with false pretenses.

4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
   - This is about the game of horseshoes, not people. The target is clearly referring to people ("female ringers", "non-religious ringers").

The context clearly indicates these are people who ring church bells. Words like "tower", "belfry", "changes" (a term in bell ringing), "church", and "band" (in the context of bell ringing) all support sense 1.

Therefore, the correct answer is sense index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attend
Target surface form: attend
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to <t>attend</t> services. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attend%2:42:00:: | definition=be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. | synonyms=go to | examples=She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church
2. sense_key=attend%2:41:12:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=take care, look, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
3. sense_key=attend%2:42:01:: | definition=to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result | examples=Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation
4. sense_key=attend%2:41:00:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=serve, attend to, wait on, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
5. sense_key=attend%2:39:00:: | definition=give heed (to) | synonyms=hang, advert, pay heed, give ear | examples=The children in the audience attended the recital quietly; She hung on his every word

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "attend" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about church bell ringers who don't participate in worship services.
- Clerics want ringers to "attend" services.
- Example given: "the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band"

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=attend%2:42:00:: | definition=be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. | synonyms=go to | examples=She attends class regularly; I rarely attend services at my church
- This fits perfectly. The context is about being present at church services. The example even mentions "I rarely attend services at my church" which is almost identical to the context.

2. sense_key=attend%2:41:12:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=take care, look, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
- This would require "attend to" typically, and means dealing with something. Not about being present at services.

3. sense_key=attend%2:42:01:: | definition=to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result | examples=Menuhin's playing was attended by a 15-minute standing ovation
- This is a different usage (attended by), not about going to services.

4. sense_key=attend%2:41:00:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=serve, attend to, wait on, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
- This means serving someone, not going to a service.

5. sense_key=attend%2:39:00:: | definition=give heed (to) | synonyms=hang, advert, pay heed, give ear | examples=The children in the audience attended the recital quietly; She hung on his every word
- This means paying attention/listening carefully.

The context clearly uses "attend" to mean "be present at" or "go to" services. The example in sense 1 is almost exactly the same: "I rarely attend services at my church" vs "ringers who didn't attend service".

So the best sense is index 1.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: services
Context:
Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics. With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend <t>services</t>. Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band; the ringers promptly set up a picket line in protest.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "services" (lemma: service) in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:

 The text is about church bell ringers and their relationship with the church. Key sentences:
 - "With membership of the Church of England steadily dwindling, strong-willed vicars are pressing equally strong-willed and often non-religious ringers to attend <t>services</t>."
 - "Two years ago, the Rev. Jeremy Hummerstone, vicar of Great Torrington, Devon, got so fed up with ringers who didn't attend service he sacked the entire band..."

 The context clearly indicates that the vicars want the ringers to attend church services/worship. The word "services" here refers to religious worship ceremonies.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. service%1:04:08:: - work done by one person or group that benefits another (economic/business service)
 2. service%1:04:00:: - an act of help or assistance (general help)
 3. service%1:04:01:: - the act of public worship following prescribed rules; synonyms=religious service, divine service; examples=the Sunday service
 4. service%1:14:05:: - a company or agency that performs a public service
 5. service%1:04:07:: - employment in or work for another
 6. service%1:14:00:: - military service
 7. service%1:18:00:: - Robert William Service (proper noun)
 8. service%1:07:00:: - a means of serving (abstract)
 9. service%1:06:00:: - tableware
 10. service%1:04:03:: - mating of male animals
 11. service%1:04:09:: - feudal tenant acts
 12. service%1:04:02:: - sports stroke (tennis serve)
 13. service%1:04:04:: - delivering legal writs
 14. service%1:04:05:: - car/machine maintenance
 15. service%1:04:06:: - restaurant service

 The context is clearly about religious worship. The vicar wants ringers to attend church services. The synonyms for sense 3 include "religious service" and "divine service", and the example mentions "the Sunday service".

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense_key=service%1:04:01::, which corresponds to sense_index 3 in the list (it's the 3rd item in the candidate senses list).

 Wait, let me check the indexing. The user asks for "sense_index". Looking at the list:
 1. sense_key=service%1:04:08::
 2. sense_key=service%1:04:00::
 3. sense_key=service%1:04:01::
 4. sense_key=service%1:14:05::
 ...

 So sense_key=service%1:04:01:: is at index 3.

 The context explicitly mentions:
 - "attend services"
 - "attend service" (in the next sentence)
 - The context is about church, vicars, worship, ringers, and the Church of England
 - The contrast is between ringing bells and attending worship ceremonies below

 Therefore, sense 3 is definitely the correct choice.

 The output should be: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: StreamLake