[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: practice
Target surface form: practice
Context:
Tricks such as those of Alonso and Ramos before the Ajax demonstrate wittiness but not the will to get remove of a sanction. The expulsion presumably forged by two players of Real Madrid (Xabi Alonso and Sergio Ramos) in the game played on the 23rd of November against Ajax in European Champions League has caused rivers of ink to be written about if such behavior is or is not unsportsmanlike and if, both players should be sanctioned by UEFA. As we all know, a few minutes before the end of the game (that their team had already won), both players deliberately wasted time which made the referee show the second yellow card to both of them. This way, and since Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group, both players will fulfil the prescribed sanction during the next game of league, against Auxerre, and will be able to get rid of the cards the following phase. Finally, the committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned with two games the trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho, and with different economic amounts the implied players. The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new <t>practice</t>, but rather frequent in the world of football. It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=practice%1:04:00:: | definition=a customary way of operation or behavior | synonyms=pattern | examples=it is their practice to give annual raises; they changed their dietary pattern
2. sense_key=practice%1:04:02:: | definition=systematic training by multiple repetitions | synonyms=exercise, drill, practice session, recitation | examples=practice makes perfect
3. sense_key=practice%1:04:04:: | definition=translating an idea into action | synonyms=praxis | examples=a hard theory to put into practice; differences between theory and praxis of communism
4. sense_key=practice%1:04:03:: | definition=the exercise of a profession | examples=the practice of the law; I took over his practice when he retired
5. sense_key=practice%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge of how something is usually done | examples=it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "practice" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
The text is about football (soccer) players deliberately getting yellow cards to serve suspensions in less important matches. The specific sentence is: "The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new <t>practice</t>, but rather frequent in the world of football."

The word "practice" here refers to a customary way of behaving or operating - specifically, the habit or common behavior of deliberately getting booked/carded to manipulate suspension timing.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=practice%1:04:00:: | definition=a customary way of operation or behavior | synonyms=pattern | examples=it is their practice to give annual raises; they changed their dietary pattern
- This seems to fit well. The context describes a customary behavior in football (getting yellow cards strategically). The example "it is their practice to give annual raises" shows a customary way of operation.

2. sense_key=practice%1:04:02:: | definition=systematic training by multiple repetitions | synonyms=exercise, drill, practice session, recitation | examples=practice makes perfect
- This is about training/rehearsing, not about a customary behavior or habit. Doesn't fit.

3. sense_key=practice%1:04:04:: | definition=translating an idea into action | synonyms=praxis | examples=a hard theory to put into practice; differences between theory and praxis of communism
- This is about putting theory into action. The context isn't about implementing theory.

4. sense_key=practice%1:04:03:: | definition=the exercise of a profession | examples=the practice of the law; I took over his practice when he retired
- This refers to professional practice (like a doctor's practice or law practice). Not relevant here.

5. sense_key=practice%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge of how something is usually done | examples=it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner
- This is close - it's about customary behavior. But let me compare with sense 1.
- Sense 1: "a customary way of operation or behavior" - focuses on the pattern/custom itself
- Sense 5: "knowledge of how something is usually done" - focuses on the knowledge/awareness of customs

In the context: "The provocation of a yellow card... is not a new practice" - this refers to the behavior itself being customary, not the knowledge of how it's done. The phrase "not a new practice" means it's an established custom/habit.

Also, sense 5's example "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner" suggests a social convention or norm, which is similar, but sense 1's "customary way of operation or behavior" with synonym "pattern" seems more appropriate for a strategic behavior in sports.

Actually, looking closely at sense 5: "knowledge of how something is usually done" - this doesn't quite fit because the text isn't talking about knowing how to get yellow cards, but about the act itself being a common/customary behavior.

Sense 1: "a customary way of operation or behavior" - this fits perfectly. The deliberate provocation of yellow cards is described as a customary behavior in football ("frequent in the world of football", "part of the ethos").

The index for sense 1 is 1 (sense_key=practice%1:04:00::).

Wait, let me check the indices:
1. sense_key=practice%1:04:00::
2. sense_key=practice%1:04:02::
3. sense_key=practice%1:04:04::
4. sense_key=practice%1:04:03::
5. sense_key=practice%1:09:00::

The user wants the "sense_index" which corresponds to the numbering in the list (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5).

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check sense 5 vs sense 1.

Sense 1 examples: "it is their practice to give annual raises; they changed their dietary pattern"
- This is about a habitual action or pattern of behavior.

Sense 5 examples: "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner"
- This is about a social custom or convention.

Both could potentially fit, but sense 1 emphasizes "way of operation or behavior" while sense 5 emphasizes "knowledge of how something is usually done."

In the context: "The provocation of a yellow card... is not a new practice" - this is referring to the behavior itself being an established pattern/custom, not the knowledge of it. Also, it's described as "frequent" and part of the "ethos" and "unwritten rules" - which aligns with "customary way of operation or behavior."

Additionally, sense 1 has synonym "pattern" which fits well with the idea of this being a recurring strategic behavior.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
Tricks such as those of Alonso and Ramos before the Ajax demonstrate wittiness but not the will to get remove of a sanction. The expulsion presumably forged by two players of Real Madrid (Xabi Alonso and Sergio Ramos) in the game played on the 23rd of November against Ajax in European Champions League has caused rivers of ink to be written about if such behavior is or is not unsportsmanlike and if, both players should be sanctioned by UEFA. As we all know, a few minutes before the end of the game (that their team had already won), both players deliberately wasted time which made the referee show the second yellow card to both of them. This way, and since Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group, both players will fulfil the prescribed sanction during the next game of league, against Auxerre, and will be able to get rid of the cards the following phase. Finally, the committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned with two games the trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho, and with different economic amounts the implied players. The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the <t>world</t> of football. It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
2. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
3. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds
4. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
5. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
6. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
7. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
8. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "world" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the <t>world</t> of football. It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport."

The phrase is "the world of football". This refers to the sphere, domain, or community of football. It's talking about a distinctive group of people with a shared interest (football).

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. universe, existence, creation, cosmos - too broad, not right.
2. people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest - synonyms=domain - examples: "the Western world". This seems like a strong candidate. "The world of football" = the domain/sphere of football.
3. all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you - too psychological.
4. Earth, globe - the physical planet.
5. people in general considered as a whole - populace, public - "he is a hero in the eyes of the public" - this is more general population.
6. a part of the earth that can be considered separately - examples: "the outdoor world", "the world of insects". Wait, "the world of insects" is in the examples. "The world of football" could fit here too. Let me look carefully.
7. concerns of this life vs heaven - not right.
8. all living human inhabitants - humankind - too broad.

Now between sense 2 and sense 6:

Sense 2: world%1:14:01:: | people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
Sense 6: world%1:17:02:: | a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects

"The world of football" - is this referring to a distinctive group of people (domain/community), or a part of the earth/environment?

In common usage, "the world of football" refers to the community, industry, or sphere of football - the people involved in it, the institutions, etc. This aligns with sense 2 (domain, distinctive group with shared interest).

However, sense 6 has the example "the world of insects" which is structurally identical to "the world of football". But "world of insects" refers to the realm/environment where insects live. "World of football" is metaphorical - it's the sphere or domain of activity.

Let me check WordNet more carefully. In WordNet, sense 2 (world%1:14:01) is "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" with synonym "domain". The example is "the Western world". This is the "domain" sense.

Sense 6 (world%1:17:02) is "a part of the earth that can be considered separately" with examples "the outdoor world; the world of insects". This is a physical/environmental subdivision.

"The world of football" is clearly about the community/domain of football, not a physical part of the earth. Even though "world of insects" is in sense 6, "world of football" is more like a domain or sphere of human activity/interest. The phrase "world of X" where X is a sport, profession, or field usually maps to sense 2 in WordNet (the "domain" sense).

For example, "the art world", "the business world", "the world of fashion" - these are distinctive groups of people with shared interests. "The world of insects" is a bit different because it's biological/physical, but WordNet placed it in sense 6.

Actually, looking at WordNet 3.1 or similar, "world" sense 3 (noun.group) is often "a particular sphere of interest or activity" or "the concerns of..." Wait, let me reconsider the sense keys.

world%1:14:01 - 1:14 is noun.group? No, 1:14 is noun.group? Let me recall WordNet lexicographer file names:
1:05 = noun.animal? No, 1:05 might be noun.group? Actually:
noun.Tops = 1:03
noun.act = 1:04
noun.animal = 1:05
noun.artifact = 1:06
noun.attribute = 1:07
noun.body = 1:08
noun.cognition = 1:09
noun.communication = 1:10
noun.event = 1:11
noun.feeling = 1:12
noun.food = 1:13
noun.group = 1:14
noun.location = 1:15
noun.motive = 1:16
noun.object = 1:17
noun.person = 1:18
noun.phenomenon = 1:19
noun.plant = 1:20
noun.possession = 1:21
noun.process = 1:22
noun.quantity = 1:23
noun.relation = 1:24
noun.shape = 1:25
noun.state = 1:26
noun.substance = 1:27
noun.time = 1:28

Wait, that doesn't seem right. Let me think again.
Actually:
1:03 noun.Tops
1:04 noun.act
1:05 noun.animal
1:06 noun.artifact
1:07 noun.attribute
1:08 noun.body
1:09 noun.cognition
1:10 noun.communication
1:11 noun.event
1:12 noun.feeling
1:13 noun.food
1:14 noun.group
1:15 noun.location
1:16 noun.motive
1:17 noun.object
1:18 noun.person
1:19 noun.phenomenon
1:20 noun.plant
1:21 noun.possession
1:22 noun.process
1:23 noun.quantity
1:24 noun.relation
1:25 noun.shape
1:26 noun.state
1:27 noun.substance
1:28 noun.time

Wait, but world%1:17:00 is Earth (the planet). Earth is usually noun.object. So 1:17 = noun.object. That checks out.

world%1:14:01 would be noun.group. "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" - yes, that's a group.

world%1:17:02 is noun.object: "a part of the earth that can be considered separately".

world%1:09:00 is noun.cognition: "all of your experiences..."

world%1:09:01 is noun.cognition: "the concerns of this life..."

world%1:05:00 is noun.animal? No, "all of the living human inhabitants" - that would be noun.group? Wait, 1:05 might be noun.group? No, I need to be careful.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet sense keys:
world%1:14:01:: - "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" - this is noun.group
world%1:17:02:: - "a part of the earth that can be considered separately" - this is noun.object

The phrase "in the world of football" refers to the community, the domain, the circle of people involved in football. This is clearly sense 2 (world%1:14:01).

Even though sense 6 has "world of insects", that's because insects literally inhabit a part of the earth. Football is not a physical part of the earth in that sense; it's a human sphere of activity.

Also, the context talks about practices being frequent "in the world of football" - meaning within the football community/domain. It mentions "part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport." This reinforces that it's the domain/community of the sport.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 2.

Wait, let me double-check if there's any other sense that could fit better.
Sense 6: "a part of the earth that can be considered separately" - examples: "the outdoor world", "the world of insects".
Could "world of football" be considered a "part of the earth"? No, it's metaphorical. The physical playing field is a part of the earth, but "world of football" means the sport's community.

Sense 2: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" - synonyms: domain. Examples: "the Western world". "The Western world" is a distinctive group with shared interests/culture. "The world of football" is exactly that - a distinctive group (players, coaches, fans, officials) with shared interest (football).

So sense 2 is the correct choice.

The user wants JSON output: {"sense_index": 2}

I should not hedge and choose the single best indexed sense.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: SiliconFlow

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: football
Target surface form: football
Context:
Tricks such as those of Alonso and Ramos before the Ajax demonstrate wittiness but not the will to get remove of a sanction. The expulsion presumably forged by two players of Real Madrid (Xabi Alonso and Sergio Ramos) in the game played on the 23rd of November against Ajax in European Champions League has caused rivers of ink to be written about if such behavior is or is not unsportsmanlike and if, both players should be sanctioned by UEFA. As we all know, a few minutes before the end of the game (that their team had already won), both players deliberately wasted time which made the referee show the second yellow card to both of them. This way, and since Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group, both players will fulfil the prescribed sanction during the next game of league, against Auxerre, and will be able to get rid of the cards the following phase. Finally, the committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned with two games the trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho, and with different economic amounts the implied players. The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of <t>football</t>. It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=football%1:04:00:: | definition=any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal | synonyms=football game
2. sense_key=football%1:06:00:: | definition=the inflated oblong ball used in playing American football

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "football" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses Xabi Alonso and Sergio Ramos (Real Madrid players)
 - It mentions a game against Ajax in the European Champions League
 - It talks about yellow cards, sanctions, UEFA, and getting rid of cards for the next phase
 - It mentions "the world of football" and "this sport"
 - The context is clearly about association football (soccer), not American football

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=football%1:04:00:: | definition=any of various games played with a ball (round or oval) in which two teams try to kick or carry or propel the ball into each other's goal | synonyms=football game
 2. sense_key=football%1:06:00:: | definition=the inflated oblong ball used in playing American football

 Sense 1 refers to the game/sport itself (football game).
 Sense 2 refers specifically to the ball used in American football (inflated oblong ball).

 In the context, the phrase is "the world of football" and refers to the sport as a whole, not the physical ball. Also, the context is clearly about European football (soccer) - Real Madrid, Ajax, UEFA, Champions League - not American football.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice. The word "football" here refers to the sport/game, not the ball.

 The user wants me to return a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}, but since there are only 2 senses listed (1 and 2), I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys:
 - football%1:04:00:: - this is the sport/game sense
 - football%1:06:00:: - this is the ball sense (specifically American football ball)

 The context is about the sport of football (soccer), so sense 1 is correct.

 The output should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rule
Target surface form: rules
Context:
The expulsion presumably forged by two players of Real Madrid (Xabi Alonso and Sergio Ramos) in the game played on the 23rd of November against Ajax in European Champions League has caused rivers of ink to be written about if such behavior is or is not unsportsmanlike and if, both players should be sanctioned by UEFA. As we all know, a few minutes before the end of the game (that their team had already won), both players deliberately wasted time which made the referee show the second yellow card to both of them. This way, and since Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group, both players will fulfil the prescribed sanction during the next game of league, against Auxerre, and will be able to get rid of the cards the following phase. Finally, the committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned with two games the trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho, and with different economic amounts the implied players. The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football. It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten <t>rules</t>, but followed nonetheless by this sport. Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rule%1:09:00:: | definition=a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior | synonyms=regulation | examples=it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast; short haircuts were the regulation
2. sense_key=rule%1:09:01:: | definition=something regarded as a normative example | synonyms=convention, normal, pattern, formula | examples=the convention of not naming the main character; violence is the rule not the exception
3. sense_key=rule%1:10:00:: | definition=prescribed guide for conduct or action | synonyms=prescript
4. sense_key=rule%1:10:01:: | definition=(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice | synonyms=linguistic rule
5. sense_key=rule%1:09:03:: | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=principle | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
6. sense_key=rule%1:28:00:: | definition=the duration of a monarch's or government's power | examples=during the rule of Elizabeth
7. sense_key=rule%1:26:00:: | definition=dominance or power through legal authority | synonyms=dominion | examples=France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa; the rule of Caesar
8. sense_key=rule%1:10:02:: | definition=directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted | examples=he knew the rules of chess
9. sense_key=rule%1:10:03:: | definition=any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order | examples=the rule of St. Dominic
10. sense_key=rule%1:09:02:: | definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=principle | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion
11. sense_key=rule%1:09:04:: | definition=(mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems | synonyms=formula | examples=he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs; he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials
12. sense_key=rule%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths | synonyms=ruler

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "rules" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The target word appears in this sentence: "It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten <t>rules</t>, but followed nonetheless by this sport."

The context is about football (soccer). The text discusses how provoking a yellow card is a frequent practice in football, part of the "ethos" and "unwritten rules" of the sport.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. rule%1:09:00:: - a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; synonyms=regulation
2. rule%1:09:01:: - something regarded as a normative example; synonyms=convention, normal, pattern, formula
3. rule%1:10:00:: - prescribed guide for conduct or action; synonyms=prescript
4. rule%1:10:01:: - (linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice
5. rule%1:09:03:: - a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct; synonyms=principle
6. rule%1:28:00:: - the duration of a monarch's or government's power
7. rule%1:26:00:: - dominance or power through legal authority; synonyms=dominion
8. rule%1:10:02:: - directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted
9. rule%1:10:03:: - any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order
10. rule%1:09:02:: - a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system; synonyms=principle
11. rule%1:09:04:: - (mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems; synonyms=formula
12. rule%1:06:00:: - measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge...

The context mentions "unwritten rules" that are part of the "ethos" of the sport, followed by players. These are not formal regulations (like the laws of the game), but rather customary practices, norms, or conventions.

Let me look at the specific phrase: "unwritten rules" - this is a common collocation referring to customary practices that govern behavior in a particular domain.

Sense 1: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior" - This seems close. It mentions "customarily governs behavior" and synonyms include "regulation".

Sense 2: "something regarded as a normative example" - synonyms include "convention". The text mentions this is part of the "ethos" and is "frequent" and "extended" in the world of football. This sounds like a convention or normative practice.

Sense 3: "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - This sounds more like formal rules, prescriptions.

Sense 8: "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted" - This refers to the formal rules of the game (like the laws of football). But the text specifically says these are "unwritten" rules, part of the "ethos", not the formal regulations. The text contrasts this with the formal sanctions by UEFA.

The phrase "unwritten rules" typically refers to sense 1 or 2 - customary practices that govern behavior.

Sense 1 focuses on "principle or condition that customarily governs behavior" - this fits well with "unwritten rules" that are followed in the sport.

Sense 2 focuses on "normative example" and "convention" - this also fits, as the text mentions this is a "frequent practice" and part of the "ethos".

However, looking at the examples for sense 1: "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast; short haircuts were the regulation" - these are about customary personal habits or social norms.

Examples for sense 2: "the convention of not naming the main character; violence is the rule not the exception" - these are about norms and conventions.

The text says: "The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football. It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules..."

This suggests that "rules" here refers to customary practices, conventions, or norms that govern behavior in football culture, not the formal written rules of the game.

Between sense 1 and sense 2:
- Sense 1: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior" - emphasizes governing behavior
- Sense 2: "something regarded as a normative example" - emphasizes being a norm/convention

The phrase "unwritten rules" is often used to describe social norms or conventions. In WordNet, sense 2 has synonyms "convention, normal, pattern, formula" and the example "violence is the rule not the exception" suggests "rule" meaning something that is the norm or standard practice.

But sense 1 also fits: "customarily governs behavior" - these unwritten rules govern how players behave.

However, looking at the specific context: "part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport." The word "ethos" suggests shared values, conventions, norms.

Also, the text mentions this is a "practice" that is "frequent" and "extended" - this aligns with "convention" (sense 2) or "principle" (sense 1).

But I need to look at the fine distinctions. Sense 1 is often used for "rules" as in "my rule is to..." or social regulations. Sense 2 is "the rule" as in "the exception proves the rule" - meaning the normal case, the pattern.

Actually, looking at the examples again:
Sense 1 examples: "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast; short haircuts were the regulation"
Sense 2 examples: "the convention of not naming the main character; violence is the rule not the exception"

In the context, "unwritten rules" refers to customary practices that are followed. This is closer to sense 1 (principle that customarily governs behavior) or sense 2 (normative example/convention).

But wait, there's also sense 8: "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted" - examples: "he knew the rules of chess"

Is this about the formal rules of football or informal conventions? The text says "unwritten rules" and contrasts with the formal sanctions by UEFA. It says this practice is "part of the ethos" and "unwritten". So it's not the formal rules of the game (which are written), but rather the informal codes of conduct.

Therefore, sense 8 (formal rules of the game) is probably not correct.

Between sense 1 and sense 2:
Sense 1 (rule%1:09:00::): principle or condition that customarily governs behavior
Sense 2 (rule%1:09:01::): something regarded as a normative example

The phrase "unwritten rules" is a very common collocation that typically maps to sense 1 in WordNet. Sense 2 is more about "the rule" meaning the normal state of affairs (as opposed to exception).

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- Sense 1:09:00 is under noun.artifact? No, looking at the sense key format: rule%1:09:00::
  - 1 = noun
  - 09 = cognition/communication? Actually, WordNet lexicographer file numbers: 09 = cognition?
  - Wait, the second number is the lexicographer file number. 09 is "cognition" I think? Or is it "communication"?

Actually, looking at WordNet sense keys:
- rule%1:09:00:: - this is in file "noun.cognition" or "noun.communication"?
- The examples suggest: "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast" - this is a personal habit/custom.
- "short haircuts were the regulation" - this is a social norm.

Sense 2 (rule%1:09:01::): "something regarded as a normative example" - "violence is the rule not the exception" - here "rule" means the usual thing, the norm.

In the context: "unwritten rules" - these are norms, conventions, customary practices that govern behavior in football.

I think sense 1 is the best fit: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior". The unwritten rules are principles that customarily govern the behavior of football players.

Sense 2 emphasizes "normative example" - while related, sense 1 is more about governing behavior, which fits the context of players following certain practices.

Also, sense 1 has synonym "regulation", and while these are "unwritten", they are still regulatory in nature (governing what is acceptable).

But let me reconsider sense 8: "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted". The text is talking about football. Could "unwritten rules" mean the unwritten directions of the sport?

No, because the text explicitly contrasts this with the formal sanctions. It says the provocation of a yellow card is "not a new practice, but rather frequent... part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules". This is clearly referring to informal codes, not the formal Laws of the Game.

Therefore, sense 8 is incorrect.

Now between sense 1 and sense 2. In many WSD datasets, "unwritten rules" is annotated as sense 1 (customary behavior).

Sense 1: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior"
Sense 2: "something regarded as a normative example"

The key difference is that sense 2 is about being a standard/pattern/example (the rule vs the exception), while sense 1 is about governing behavior.

In the phrase "unwritten rules of the sport", these are principles that govern how players act - they govern behavior. So sense 1 seems correct.

However, looking at the synonyms for sense 2: "convention, normal, pattern, formula". The text mentions this is part of the "ethos" and is a "frequent practice". This sounds like a convention.

But sense 1 also covers conventions. The example "short haircuts were the regulation" shows it can be about social norms.

Actually, looking carefully at the WordNet definitions:
Sense 1: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior" - this is about rules as guides to behavior.
Sense 2: "something regarded as a normative example" - this is about rules as standards/norms.

The phrase "unwritten rules" is ambiguous, but in the context of sports ethics and ethos, it refers to the informal code of conduct - principles that govern behavior.

I think sense 1 is the best choice.

Wait, I should check if there's any other sense that might fit.

Sense 5: "a basic generalization that is accepted as true..." - this is more like a scientific or moral principle.
Sense 10: "a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon..." - scientific laws.

So definitely not those.

Sense 3: "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - this is similar to sense 1 but more formal (prescript). The text says "unwritten", so informal, not prescribed in the formal sense.

Sense 1 uses "customarily" which implies informal, customary nature - perfect for "unwritten".

Therefore, I choose sense 1.

But wait, looking at the index numbers in the candidate list:
1. sense_key=rule%1:09:00::
2. sense_key=rule%1:09:01::
3. sense_key=rule%1:10:00::
4. sense_key=rule%1:10:01::
5. sense_key=rule%1:09:03::
6. sense_key=rule%1:28:00::
7. sense_key=rule%1:26:00::
8. sense_key=rule%1:10:02::
9. sense_key=rule%1:10:03::
10. sense_key=rule%1:09:02::
11. sense_key=rule%1:09:04::
12. sense_key=rule%1:06:00::

The user wants the "sense_index", which appears to be the number in the list (1-12).

So if I choose sense_key=rule%1:09:00::, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

If I choose sense_key=rule%1:09:01::, the answer is {"sense_index": 2}.

Let me double-check by looking at the actual WordNet data to see which sense "unwritten rules" typically maps to.

In WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
Sense 1 (rule.n.01): a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"; "short haircuts were the regulation"
Sense 2 (rule.n.02): something regarded as a normative example; "the convention of not naming the main character"; "violence is the rule not the exception"; "his formula for impressing visitors"

The phrase "unwritten rule" is often used to describe social norms or conventions. In WordNet, sense 1 is the primary sense for this usage.

For example, "the unwritten rules of the road" would be sense 1 - principles governing behavior.

Also, sense 2 is specifically about "the rule" as opposed to "the exception" - it's about what is normal/standard. The example "violence is the rule not the exception" illustrates this.

In our context, "unwritten rules" are not being contrasted with exceptions. They are being described as part of the ethos that governs behavior.

Therefore, sense 1 (index 1) is correct.

But I want to make sure about sense 8 (rule%1:10:02::): "directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted". Could "unwritten rules" refer to unwritten directions of the sport?

In sports, "unwritten rules" specifically refers to the informal code of conduct, not the formal rules. For example, in baseball, "don't steal bases when you're winning by a lot" is an unwritten rule. This is sense 1, not sense 8.

Sense 8 would be "the rules of chess" - the formal written rules.

So yes, sense 1 is correct.

Final check: The context mentions "ethos" and "followed nonetheless by this sport". This confirms these are behavioral guidelines (sense 1), not formal regulations or mathematical formulas.

Answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: part
Target surface form: Part
Context:
As we all know, a few minutes before the end of the game (that their team had already won), both players deliberately wasted time which made the referee show the second yellow card to both of them. This way, and since Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group, both players will fulfil the prescribed sanction during the next game of league, against Auxerre, and will be able to get rid of the cards the following phase. Finally, the committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned with two games the trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho, and with different economic amounts the implied players. The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football. It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport. <t>Part</t> of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician. Anyway, the debate deals with if that type of behavior not prohibited specifically by the regulation contradicts the principles of the sport, that is to say, if with these actions fraud is committed; then, indeed, they are respectful actions with the sport regulation, but they seem to elude its sense.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=part%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=portion, component part, component, constituent | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript
2. sense_key=part%1:06:00:: | definition=something less than the whole of a human artifact | synonyms=portion | examples=the rear part of the house; glue the two parts together
3. sense_key=part%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=piece | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=part%1:09:02:: | definition=that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation | examples=it requires vigilance on our part; they resisted every effort on his part
5. sense_key=part%1:15:00:: | definition=the extended spatial location of something | synonyms=region | examples=the farming regions of France; religions in all parts of the world
6. sense_key=part%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
7. sense_key=part%1:09:01:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, role, theatrical role, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
8. sense_key=part%1:21:00:: | definition=assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group | synonyms=share, portion, percentage | examples=he wanted his share in cash
9. sense_key=part%1:09:00:: | definition=one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole | synonyms=section, division | examples=the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company
10. sense_key=part%1:08:01:: | definition=a line of scalp that can be seen when sections of hair are combed in opposite directions | synonyms=parting | examples=his part was right in the middle
11. sense_key=part%1:10:00:: | definition=the melody carried by a particular voice or instrument in polyphonic music | synonyms=voice | examples=he tried to sing the tenor part
12. sense_key=part%1:04:03:: | definition=the part played by a person in bringing about a result | synonyms=contribution, share | examples=I am proud of my contribution in advancing the project; they all did their share of the work

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "part" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:

 The sentence containing the target word is: "It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport."

 Wait, looking at the context again, I see: "It is so extended that it part of the ethos..." - this seems like it might be a typo in the text or I'm misreading. Let me look carefully.

 Actually, looking at the text: "It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport."

 Hmm, that doesn't seem grammatically correct. It should probably be "it is part of" or "it forms part of". But the target is "Part" (capitalized) in the next sentence: "<t>Part</t> of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by..."

 Ah, I see. The target is "Part" at the beginning of the sentence: "<t>Part</t> of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by..."

 So the sentence is: "Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization..."

 So "Part" here means a portion or section of the debate.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. part%1:24:00:: - something determined in relation to something that includes it; portion, component part, component, constituent
    - Examples: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript"
    - This seems to fit "part of the debate" - a portion of the debate

 2. part%1:06:00:: - something less than the whole of a human artifact
    - Examples: "the rear part of the house"
    - Not applicable here, debate is not a human artifact in the physical sense

 3. part%1:17:00:: - a portion of a natural object
    - Examples: "they analyzed the river into three parts"
    - Debate is not a natural object

 4. part%1:09:02:: - that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation
    - Examples: "it requires vigilance on our part"
    - This is about "on one's part" meaning one's role/involvement, not "part of X"

 5. part%1:15:00:: - the extended spatial location of something
    - Examples: "religions in all parts of the world"
    - This is about geographical regions, not applicable to debate

 6. part%1:04:01:: - the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group
    - Examples: "the function of a teacher; the government must do its part"
    - This is about duty/role, not a portion of something

 7. part%1:09:01:: - an actor's portrayal of someone in a play
    - Examples: "she played the part of Desdemona"
    - Not applicable

 8. part%1:21:00:: - assets belonging to or due to or contributed by an individual person or group
    - Examples: "he wanted his share in cash"
    - Financial share, not applicable

 9. part%1:09:00:: - one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole
    - Examples: "the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company"
    - This also fits "part of the debate" - a section/division of the debate

 10. part%1:08:01:: - a line of scalp...
     - Not applicable

 11. part%1:10:00:: - the melody carried by a particular voice...
     - Not applicable

 12. part%1:04:03:: - the part played by a person in bringing about a result
     - Examples: "I am proud of my contribution"
     - This is about contribution/role, not a portion of a whole

 Now I need to distinguish between sense 1 and sense 9, as both seem to involve portions of something.

 Sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it" - this is a very general definition for a part of a whole. Synonyms: portion, component part, component, constituent.

 Sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole" - this emphasizes division into sections. Synonyms: section, division.

 The phrase is "Part of the debate".

 Looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript"
 - Sense 9: "the written part of the exam; the finance section of the company"

 "Part of the debate" could fit either, but sense 9 seems more about distinct sections or divisions (like written part vs oral part, or finance section vs marketing section), whereas sense 1 is more general about being a component or portion of a larger whole.

 However, looking closely at the definitions:
 - Sense 1: "something determined in relation to something that includes it" - this is the most general sense of "part"
 - Sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole" - this emphasizes that the whole is divided into these parts

 In the context "Part of the debate", it means a portion or component of the debate. The debate is being viewed as having different aspects or portions, and this is one of them.

 Actually, looking at WordNet more carefully (from my knowledge):
 - Sense 1 (part%1:24:00::) is usually for "part of" constructions where it's a component/constituent
 - Sense 9 (part%1:09:00::) is often for "the X part of Y" where X is a specific section (like "the first part", "the written part")

 But in "Part of the debate", without a modifier like "first" or "written", it seems more like sense 1.

 Wait, let me reconsider the sentence: "Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by..."

 This means "A portion of the debate..." or "Some of the debate..."

 Sense 1 examples include: "I read a portion of the manuscript" - this is very similar to "Part of the debate"

 Sense 9 examples include: "the written part of the exam" - this is a specific section with a label.

 Also, sense 1 has synonyms: portion, component part, component, constituent.
 Sense 9 has synonyms: section, division.

 "Part of the debate" meaning "a portion of the debate" aligns better with sense 1.

 But let me check if there's any other sense that could fit.

 Sense 4: "on our part" - not this construction.
 Sense 12: "contribution" - not this.

 So it's between 1 and 9.

 Looking at the definition of sense 1 again: "something determined in relation to something that includes it"
 And sense 9: "one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole"

 The key difference is that sense 9 implies the whole is divided into multiple such parts that together make up the whole. Sense 1 is more general - it can be a subset or component.

 In "Part of the debate", we don't necessarily mean that the debate is divided into specific numbered sections, but rather that a portion/component of the debate is caused by X.

 However, looking at the examples for sense 9: "the written part of the exam" - this is similar to "part of the debate" in structure.

 But "the written part" is a specific section, whereas "part of the debate" without an article or adjective before "part" usually means "some of the debate" (a portion).

 Actually, looking at the capitalization: "<t>Part</t> of the debate" - "Part" is capitalized because it's at the beginning of the sentence.

 Let me look at the glosses again carefully.

 Sense 1: something determined in relation to something that includes it
 - This is the general meronymy sense (part-whole relation)

 Sense 9: one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole
 - This is about segments or sections

 In many WSD datasets, "part of" when meaning "a portion of" is often sense 1.

 But I should look at the specific WordNet sense keys to be sure.

 part%1:24:00:: - This is the "part, portion, component part, component, constituent" sense - the general part-whole relation.

 part%1:09:00:: - This is the "part, section, division" sense - referring to a section of a document, exam, company, etc.

 Given that "debate" is an abstract discussion, and we're talking about a portion of it (not necessarily a predefined section), sense 1 seems more appropriate.

 However, looking at the example for sense 1: "he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself" - here "a part of" means belonging to.
 And "I read a portion of the manuscript" - here it's a quantity.

 For sense 9: "the written part of the exam" - a section; "the finance section of the company" - a division.

 "Part of the debate" is closer to "a portion of the manuscript" than to "the written part of the exam" because there's no modifier specifying which part.

 Therefore, sense 1 (part%1:24:00::) is the best choice.

 Wait, I should double-check the index. The user lists them as 1, 2, 3... so sense_key=part%1:24:00:: is index 1.

 Let me verify if there's any other interpretation.

 Could it be sense 4? "that which concerns a person with regard to a particular role or situation" - examples: "on our part". No, the construction is "Part of the debate", not "on the part of".

 Could it be sense 12? "the part played by a person" - contribution. No.

 So it's definitely between 1 and 9.

 Given that "debate" is not a physical object (artifact or natural), and not a location, and not a musical piece, etc., and we're talking about a portion of it, sense 1 is the best fit.

 Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 definitions:
 - Sense 1 (024) is the general "part of" relation (meronymy)
 - Sense 9 (009) is specifically for "a section of a document, musical work, etc."

 The debate could be seen as a discourse/document, so sense 9 might apply. But "part of the debate" without qualification usually takes sense 1.

 Let me check if "debate" can take sections. Yes, a debate can have parts (opening statements, rebuttals, etc.), but here "Part of the debate" means "Some portion of the debate" or "One aspect of the debate", which is the general sense 1.

 I think sense 1 is correct.

 Index 1 corresponds to sense_key=part%1:24:00::.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: debate
Target surface form: debate
Context:
As we all know, a few minutes before the end of the game (that their team had already won), both players deliberately wasted time which made the referee show the second yellow card to both of them. This way, and since Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group, both players will fulfil the prescribed sanction during the next game of league, against Auxerre, and will be able to get rid of the cards the following phase. Finally, the committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned with two games the trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho, and with different economic amounts the implied players. The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football. It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport. Part of the <t>debate</t> arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician. Anyway, the debate deals with if that type of behavior not prohibited specifically by the regulation contradicts the principles of the sport, that is to say, if with these actions fraud is committed; then, indeed, they are respectful actions with the sport regulation, but they seem to elude its sense.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=debate%1:10:01:: | definition=a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal | synonyms=argument, argumentation | examples=the argument over foreign aid goes on and on
2. sense_key=debate%1:10:00:: | definition=the formal presentation of a stated proposition and the opposition to it (usually followed by a vote) | synonyms=disputation, public debate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "debate" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses a situation in football/soccer where players deliberately got yellow cards to serve suspensions in less important matches
 - This has caused controversy/discussion about whether this behavior is ethical or constitutes fraud
 - The specific phrase is: "Part of the <t>debate</t> arisen in the related case is caused by..."
 - Later it says: "Anyway, the debate deals with if that type of behavior..."

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=debate%1:10:01::
    - definition: a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal
    - synonyms: argument, argumentation
    - examples: the argument over foreign aid goes on and on

 2. sense_key=debate%1:10:00::
    - definition: the formal presentation of a stated proposition and the opposition to it (usually followed by a vote)
    - synonyms: disputation, public debate

 Analysis:
 - The context describes a controversy or discussion about whether the players' actions constitute fraud or violate sporting principles
 - This is a general discussion/argument about a topic, not a formal structured debate with a vote
 - Sense 1 fits better because it refers to a general discussion where reasons are advanced for and against something (whether the behavior is fraudulent/respectful)
 - Sense 2 refers to a formal presentation (like a parliamentary debate or formal debate competition) usually followed by a vote, which doesn't fit this journalistic/sports commentary context

 The text mentions "the debate arisen" and "the debate deals with" - this indicates an ongoing discussion/controversy, not a formal debate event.

 Therefore, sense 1 (debate%1:10:01::) is the correct choice.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user asks for the "sense_index". Looking at the candidates:
 1. sense_key=debate%1:10:01::
 2. sense_key=debate%1:10:00::

 The indices appear to be 1 and 2 based on the numbering provided. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me double-check:
 - Sense 1: "a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal" - this matches the context about discussing whether the behavior constitutes fraud
 - Sense 2: "the formal presentation of a stated proposition and the opposition to it (usually followed by a vote)" - this is too formal/structured for the context

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
As we all know, a few minutes before the end of the game (that their team had already won), both players deliberately wasted time which made the referee show the second yellow card to both of them. This way, and since Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group, both players will fulfil the prescribed sanction during the next game of league, against Auxerre, and will be able to get rid of the cards the following phase. Finally, the committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned with two games the trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho, and with different economic amounts the implied players. The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football. It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport. Part of the debate arisen in the related <t>case</t> is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician. Anyway, the debate deals with if that type of behavior not prohibited specifically by the regulation contradicts the principles of the sport, that is to say, if with these actions fraud is committed; then, indeed, they are respectful actions with the sport regulation, but they seem to elude its sense.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "case" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The text discusses a situation in football where Real Madrid players deliberately got yellow cards to serve their suspension in a less important match. The specific phrase is "the related <t>case</t>".

 Looking at the phrase: "Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by..."

 This is referring to the specific incident/situation/event involving Real Madrid players getting yellow cards deliberately. It's referring to this particular occurrence or instance.

 Let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
 - This seems to fit. It's referring to an occurrence/instance of this football incident.

 2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
 - This could also fit. It's a set of circumstances/situation.

 3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law...
 - Not a legal proceeding here.

 4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
 - Doesn't fit well here. "the related case" isn't referring to "the actual state of things"

 5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container...
 - Physical object, not intended here.

 6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services
 - Not referring to a person.

 7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental...
 - Not referring to a person.

 8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
 - This could potentially fit, as it's a situation being debated/investigated. But "case" here is modified by "related" and refers to the specific incident described. It's not really a detective mystery to be solved, but rather a specific instance/example.

 9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument
 - Not referring to a legal argument or statement of facts here.

 10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case
 - No, physical quantity.

 11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns... grammatical case
 - Linguistic term, not relevant.

 12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary
 - No, not a state of mind.

 13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind...
 - Not a person.

 14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type...
 - Typography, not relevant.

 15-20: Various physical meanings (sheath, shell, door frame, typesetter's case, pillowcase, display case) - not relevant.

 So the main contenders are:
 1. case%1:11:00:: - an occurrence of something (instance, example)
 2. case%1:26:00:: - a special set of circumstances (event)
 8. case%1:10:02:: - a problem requiring investigation

 Let's analyze more carefully:

 The phrase is: "Part of the debate arisen in the related case..."

 The context is discussing a specific incident that happened in a football match. This is being referred to as "the related case".

 Sense 1 (case%1:11:00::): "an occurrence of something" - synonyms: instance, example. Examples: "it was a case of bad judgment", "another instance occurred yesterday".

 This fits well. The text describes an occurrence (the deliberate yellow cards) and refers to it as "this case" or "the related case". It's treating it as an instance or example of a broader phenomenon (the text mentions "The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice").

 Sense 2 (case%1:26:00::): "a special set of circumstances" - synonyms: event. Examples: "in that event", "in which case".

 This could also work, but "case" here is referring to the specific episode/incident itself, not just the circumstances. The gloss "an occurrence of something" seems more precise for referring to the incident being discussed.

 Sense 8 (case%1:10:02::): "a problem requiring investigation" - like a detective case. While there is a disciplinary committee involved and sanctions, the word "case" here is not being used in the sense of a mystery to be solved by an investigator. It's referring to the incident itself as an example/instance.

 Also, looking at the phrase "similar circumstances as this one" earlier in the text, and "the related case" - this suggests "case" is being used to mean "instance" or "occurrence".

 In WordNet, sense 1 (case%1:11:00::) is often used when "case" means "an instance of something" or "an occurrence". For example, "a case of mistaken identity", "in many cases", etc.

 Actually, looking at the examples for sense 1: "it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday"

 And sense 2: "in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled"

 The phrase "the related case" seems closer to sense 1 - referring to the specific occurrence/instance being discussed.

 However, I should also consider if sense 3 (legal case) applies. The text mentions "committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned..." so there is a disciplinary proceeding. But "the related case" is referring to the broader debate about the incident, not specifically the legal proceeding itself, though the legal proceeding is part of it.

 But looking carefully: "the debate arisen in the related case" - this could mean the debate arising from this legal case or incident.

 Actually, looking at standard WSD for "case", when we say "in this case" referring to a situation, it's often sense 2 (case%1:26:00:: - a special set of circumstances). But when we say "a case of X" or refer to an instance/example, it's sense 1.

 The phrase is "the related case". This is referring back to the specific situation/incident described. It could be interpreted as:
 1. The related occurrence/instance (sense 1)
 2. The related set of circumstances/situation (sense 2)

 But given the examples:
 - Sense 1 examples: "it was a case of bad judgment" - this pattern fits "a case of [something]"
 - Sense 2 examples: "in which case" - this is a different usage

 Here, "case" is a noun referring to the incident itself. "The related case" = "the related incident".

 In WordNet, sense 1 (case%1:11:00::) is "an occurrence of something", hypernym is "happening, occurrence, occurrent, natural event". This fits an incident in a football match.

 Sense 2 (case%1:26:00::) is "a special set of circumstances", hypernym is "circumstance".

 Both could work, but sense 1 is more specific to "an instance/occurrence", whereas sense 2 is more about "circumstances/situation".

 The text says "The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one..." so "this one" refers to the case. This suggests "case" = "occurrence/instance".

 Also, the definition of sense 1 includes "example" as a synonym. This incident is being presented as an example of a broader practice ("not a new practice, but rather frequent").

 Therefore, sense 1 (case%1:11:00::) seems the best fit.

 Wait, I need to check if there's a sense for "a particular situation or incident" that might be separate. Looking at the list, sense 2 is "a special set of circumstances" which is close to "situation".

 But let's look at the actual WordNet sense keys to be sure about the numbering. The user provided:

 1. sense_key=case%1:11:00::
 2. sense_key=case%1:26:00::

 In WordNet, case%1:11:00:: is "an occurrence of something" (instance, example).
 case%1:26:00:: is "a special set of circumstances" (event).

 The phrase "in the related case" - if I substitute "instance" or "occurrence", I get "in the related instance/occurrence". That works.
 If I substitute "event" or "circumstances", I get "in the related event/circumstances". That also works.

 But looking at the broader context, the text mentions "the related case" in the context of a debate about this specific incident. In journalistic or formal writing, when referring to a specific incident under discussion, "case" often maps to sense 1 (an occurrence/instance) or sense 8 (investigation), but given this is not a detective story, sense 1 is better.

 Actually, looking at sense 8 again: "a problem requiring investigation" - examples include "Perry Mason solved the case". This is the detective/investigation sense. While there is a disciplinary committee, the word "case" here is not being used primarily in the sense of a mystery to be solved.

 Let me reconsider sense 3: "a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law..." - "lawsuit, suit, cause". Could this be it? The text mentions sanctions by the committee of discipline, so there might be a legal/disciplinary case. "The related case" could refer to the disciplinary case/proceeding.

 However, the text says "the debate arisen in the related case". Debates usually arise in relation to incidents/situations, not necessarily the legal proceedings themselves, though they could. But the immediate antecedent is the description of the incident with the yellow cards. The sanctions are mentioned as a consequence.

 Also, the phrase "in similar circumstances as this one" suggests "this one" = the case = the incident.

 I think sense 1 is the safest choice. It covers "an occurrence of something", which this definitely is.

 But wait, looking at the word "case" in "in case" (sense 2), that's different. Here it's "the related case" - a noun phrase.

 Let me check if there's a sense like "a specific situation". Sense 2 is "a special set of circumstances".

 Actually, looking at standard dictionaries:
 - Case can mean "a particular situation or incident" (instance, example) - this matches sense 1.
 - Case can mean "the situation that exists" (the actual state of things) - sense 4.
 - Case can mean "a matter for discussion" - not exactly in the list.

 Given the options, and that sense 1 explicitly includes "example" and "instance", and the text is discussing this as an example of a broader practice, sense 1 seems correct.

 Final check: Could it be sense 8 (a problem requiring investigation)? The text says "the debate arisen in the related case". If it were sense 8, we'd expect something like "the detective solved the case". The debate is about the ethics, not about solving the case. So no.

 Could it be sense 3 (legal proceeding)? The text mentions the committee of discipline sanctioned people, so there is a legal aspect. But "the related case" is linked to the debate about the behavior, not the legal proceeding specifically. Also, if it were a legal case, the examples would be things like "brought suit against". While "case" can mean lawsuit, in this context "related case" refers to the incident being discussed.

 I will go with sense 1.

 Wait, one more check: sense 2 vs sense 1.
 Sense 2: "a special set of circumstances" - hypernym: circumstance.
 Sense 1: "an occurrence of something" - hypernym: happening.

 An incident in a football match is a happening/occurrence. It is also a set of circumstances. But sense 1 is more specific to the event itself, while sense 2 is often used in conditional contexts ("in which case").

 The phrase "the related case" is referring to the specific incident described. Therefore, sense 1 (index 1) is correct.

 Index 1 corresponds to sense_key=case%1:11:00::.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fact
Target surface form: fact
Context:
As we all know, a few minutes before the end of the game (that their team had already won), both players deliberately wasted time which made the referee show the second yellow card to both of them. This way, and since Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group, both players will fulfil the prescribed sanction during the next game of league, against Auxerre, and will be able to get rid of the cards the following phase. Finally, the committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned with two games the trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho, and with different economic amounts the implied players. The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football. It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport. Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the <t>fact</t> that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician. Anyway, the debate deals with if that type of behavior not prohibited specifically by the regulation contradicts the principles of the sport, that is to say, if with these actions fraud is committed; then, indeed, they are respectful actions with the sport regulation, but they seem to elude its sense.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
3. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
4. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "fact" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context carefully:

The sentence is: "Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the <t>fact</t> that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization..."

Wait, let me look at the exact phrase: "caused by the <t>fact</t> that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization"

Actually, looking more carefully: "Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by team of the Real Madrid organization..."

Hmm, the grammar seems a bit off, but the key is "the fact that..." - here "fact" refers to the actual event/action that took place (the deliberate yellow card incident orchestrated by Mourinho/Real Madrid).

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. fact%1:09:01:: - a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred. Example: "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
2. fact%1:10:01:: - a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened. Example: "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"
3. fact%1:26:01:: - an event known to have happened or something known to have existed. Examples: "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
4. fact%1:09:02:: - a concept whose truth can be proved. Example: "scientific hypotheses are not facts"

Now, in the context, "the fact" refers to the actual event/incident (the provocation of yellow cards, the dramatization orchestrated by Mourinho). It's not referring to a piece of information (sense 1), nor a statement/assertion (sense 2), nor a provable concept (sense 4). It's referring to the actual event that happened - "an event known to have happened."

The phrase "the fact that has been carried out by team..." clearly points to an actual event/deed. Also, the earlier sentence mentions "The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one..." - so "this fact" refers to the actual provocation/event.

Sense 3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed" fits best. The examples also support this: "your fears have no basis in fact" (here "fact" = reality/actual events), "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction" (fact = actual events vs fiction).

Sense 1 is about information. Sense 2 is about statements/assertions. Sense 4 is about provable concepts. Sense 3 is about actual events/existence.

The context emphasizes the actual occurrence - the deed carried out by the team. So sense 3 (index 3) is the best fit.

Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=fact%1:09:01::
2. sense_key=fact%1:10:01::
3. sense_key=fact%1:26:01::
4. sense_key=fact%1:09:02::

So index 3 corresponds to fact%1:26:01::.

Let me verify with the phrase "caused by the fact that has been carried out..." - yes, this is the event itself. The debate is caused by the event (the fact that it was carried out by Real Madrid, with their history of nobility, and by Mourinho's dramatization).

Actually, looking at it again, "the fact that has been carried out" - "carried out" strongly suggests an event/action. This aligns perfectly with sense 3: "an event known to have happened."

Also note the contrast later in the text between "fact" and "fiction" isn't present, but the usage here is about the actual occurrence.

I should return {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: team
Context:
As we all know, a few minutes before the end of the game (that their team had already won), both players deliberately wasted time which made the referee show the second yellow card to both of them. This way, and since Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group, both players will fulfil the prescribed sanction during the next game of league, against Auxerre, and will be able to get rid of the cards the following phase. Finally, the committee of discipline of the UEFA has sanctioned with two games the trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho, and with different economic amounts the implied players. The provocation of a yellow card in similar circumstances as this one is not a new practice, but rather frequent in the world of football. It is so extended that it part of the ethos, of the unwritten rules, but followed nonetheless by this sport. Part of the debate arisen in the related case is caused by the fact that has been carried out by <t>team</t> of the Real Madrid organization (that in its hymn presumes of nobility and honor, and that has fined its players for analogous acts) and by the dramatization orchestrated, apparently, by Mourinho, who adds one more to his expanded history of histrionic and provoking technician. Anyway, the debate deals with if that type of behavior not prohibited specifically by the regulation contradicts the principles of the sport, that is to say, if with these actions fraud is committed; then, indeed, they are respectful actions with the sport regulation, but they seem to elude its sense.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "team" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about a football (soccer) game
 - It mentions "their team had already won"
 - It mentions "Real Madrid will finish as leader of its group"
 - It mentions "trainer of the team, Jose Mourinho"
 - It mentions "team of the Real Madrid organization"

 The target word "team" appears in the phrase: "carried out by <t>team</t> of the Real Madrid organization"

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
 2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

 Clearly, sense 1 is the correct one. The context is about a sports team (Real Madrid, football/soccer). Sense 2 refers to draft animals (like horses pulling a cart), which is completely irrelevant here.

 The context discusses:
 - Football game
 - Players
 - Referee
 - Real Madrid
 - UEFA
 - Jose Mourinho as trainer

 This is definitely referring to a sports team.

 So the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 Wait, let me check the instructions again:
 - "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key."
 - "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 So I should return {"sense_index": 1} since sense 1 is the correct one.

 Let me double-check the sense indices:
 - Candidate 1: team%1:14:00:: (sports team)
 - Candidate 2: team%1:14:01:: (draft animals)

 Yes, index 1 is correct.