[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential <t>candidates</t> may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "candidates" in the given context.

 Target lemma: candidate
 Target surface form: candidates
 Context: The text discusses political science theory about legislators, elections, and political parties. Specifically, the sentence containing the target is: "Potential <t>candidates</t> may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
 2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

 Analysis:
 - The context is about people running for congressional office (political office).
 - The word "candidates" appears in the phrase "viable candidates for congressional office" and later "potential Republican candidates" and "congressional candidates".
 - Sense 1 specifically mentions "a politician who is running for public office" - this fits perfectly with "candidates for congressional office".
 - Sense 2 is broader: "someone who is considered for something" - while technically true, it's more general and includes people being considered for prizes, honors, etc., not specifically running for office.
 - The context specifically discusses people running for election (congressional office), not just being considered for something.
 - The synonyms help: "campaigner" and "nominee" fit the political context better than "prospect" (though "prospect" could work, it's less specific).
 - The text mentions "running for re-election" earlier and "running" in the target sentence ("discouraged from running").
 - Therefore, Sense 1 (candidate%1:18:01::) is the best fit.

 Wait, let me check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I have the indices right. The user provided:
 1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01::
 2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00::

 So sense 1 is the politician sense, sense 2 is the general "considered for something" sense.

 The context is clearly about political candidates running for office. The phrase "candidates for congressional office" and "congressional candidates" strongly indicates the political office sense.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discourage
Target surface form: discouraged
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be <t>discouraged</t> from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discourage%2:32:01:: | definition=try to prevent; show opposition to | synonyms=deter | examples=We should discourage this practice among our youth
2. sense_key=discourage%2:37:00:: | definition=deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged
3. sense_key=discourage%2:32:02:: | definition=admonish or counsel in terms of someone's behavior | synonyms=warn, admonish, monish | examples=I warned him not to go too far; I warn you against false assumptions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "discouraged" in the given context. The target lemma is "discourage" and the surface form is "discouraged".

 Let me analyze the context:

 The sentence is: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

 This is in the context of discussing why the Republican Party may have difficulty attracting viable candidates for congressional office. The candidates are being discouraged (prevented or dissuaded) from running for office.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=discourage%2:32:01:: | definition=try to prevent; show opposition to | synonyms=deter | examples=We should discourage this practice among our youth
    - This sense seems to be about actively trying to prevent something or showing opposition.
    - Synonym: deter
    - Example: "discourage this practice"

 2. sense_key=discourage%2:37:00:: | definition=deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged
    - This is about causing someone to lose courage or hope, making them feel disheartened.
    - This is the emotional/psychological sense.

 3. sense_key=discourage%2:32:02:: | definition=admonish or counsel in terms of someone's behavior | synonyms=warn, admonish, monish | examples=I warned him not to go too far
    - This is about warning or advising someone against something.

 Now, looking at the context: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running..."

 The structure "discouraged from running" suggests that something is preventing them or deterring them from running. The candidates are being deterred or dissuaded from running by the prospect of defeat.

 Let's compare sense 1 and sense 2:

 Sense 1 (deter): "try to prevent; show opposition to" - This fits with the idea that the prospect of defeat prevents or deters candidates from running.

 Sense 2 (deprive of courage): This would mean the candidates lose hope or courage. While this could fit (they might feel disheartened), the specific construction "discouraged from running" is more commonly associated with the "deter" sense - meaning prevented or dissuaded from doing something.

 However, looking closely at the definition of sense 2: "deprive of courage or hope; take away hope from; cause to feel discouraged" - this is about the emotional state.

 In the sentence, the candidates are being discouraged BY something (the prospect of defeat). This is a passive construction where the prospect of defeat is the agent doing the discouraging.

 If we look at sense 1: "try to prevent; show opposition to" - this is more active. But in passive voice "be discouraged", it means "be prevented" or "be deterred".

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - Sense 1 (discourage%2:32:01::) is typically the "deter" sense - to discourage someone from doing something means to persuade them not to do it or to make them less willing to do it.
 - Sense 2 (discourage%2:37:00::) is about causing someone to lose confidence or enthusiasm.

 In the context: "discouraged from running" - this is the "deter" usage. The prospect of defeat deters them from running.

 But wait, let me check the exact WordNet senses. The sense keys provided are:
 1. discourage%2:32:01:: - try to prevent; show opposition to
 2. discourage%2:37:00:: - deprive of courage or hope...
 3. discourage%2:32:02:: - admonish or counsel...

 Sense 1 with synonym "deter" seems to be the correct choice here. The prospect of defeat deters potential candidates from running.

 However, sense 2 could also fit because if candidates are deprived of hope by the prospect of defeat, they might not run. But the construction "discouraged from" is very strongly associated with the "deter/prevent" sense (sense 1).

 Let me verify with the examples:
 - Sense 1 example: "We should discourage this practice among our youth" - this is about preventing a practice.
 - Sense 2 has no example provided in the prompt, but typically it's used as "I felt discouraged" or "The news discouraged him."
 - Sense 3 example: "I warned him not to go too far" - this is about warning.

 In the target sentence: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running..."

 This matches the pattern of sense 1: discouraging someone from doing something (preventing/detering them).

 The phrase "discouraged from" is a strong indicator of sense 1 (the deter sense). Sense 2 would typically be used as "discouraged by" (the news discouraged him) or just "discouraged" (he was discouraged), referring to the emotional state.

 Also, looking at the meaning: The prospect of defeat acts as a deterrent. It prevents them from running. This aligns with "try to prevent" or "deter".

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.

 Wait, I need to be careful. Let me reconsider sense 2. Could it be that the candidates are being made to feel discouraged (lose hope)?

 "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running..."

 If I replace with sense 2 definition: "Potential candidates may be deprived of courage from running..." - that doesn't quite work grammatically.

 If I replace with sense 1 definition: "Potential candidates may be deterred from running..." - this works perfectly.

 Also, looking at the broader context: The theory is explaining why candidates don't run - because they are deterred by the prospect of defeat. This is about deterrence, not about their emotional state of being disheartened (though that might be a side effect).

 The key is that "discourage from" is an idiom meaning "persuade not to" or "deter from".

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct answer.

 But let me double-check the sense indices. The user wants the "sense_index" which corresponds to the numbered list:
 1. sense_key=discourage%2:32:01::
 2. sense_key=discourage%2:37:00::
 3. sense_key=discourage%2:32:02::

 So if I choose sense 1, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys:
 - discourage%2:32:01:: is the "deter" sense
 - discourage%2:37:00:: is the emotional sense
 - discourage%2:32:02:: is the warn/admonish sense

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.

 Final check: The sentence says candidates are discouraged "by the prospect of defeat". This is the agent causing the discouragement. The prospect of defeat deters them. This is clearly sense 1.

 Answer: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DeepInfra

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: run
Target surface form: running
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from <t>running</t> less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=run%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time | examples=Don't run--you'll be out of breath; The children ran to the store
2. sense_key=run%2:38:04:: | definition=flee; take to one's heels; cut and run | synonyms=scat, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it | examples=If you see this man, run!; The burglars escaped before the police showed up
3. sense_key=run%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=go, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
4. sense_key=run%2:41:02:: | definition=direct or control; projects, businesses, etc. | synonyms=operate | examples=She is running a relief operation in the Sudan
5. sense_key=run%2:42:04:: | definition=have a particular form | synonyms=go | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
6. sense_key=run%2:38:01:: | definition=move along, of liquids | synonyms=flow, feed, course | examples=Water flowed into the cave; the Missouri feeds into the Mississippi
7. sense_key=run%2:35:00:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, go | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
8. sense_key=run%2:42:07:: | definition=change or be different within limits | synonyms=range | examples=Estimates for the losses in the earthquake range as high as $2 billion; Interest rates run from 5 to 10 percent
9. sense_key=run%2:33:06:: | definition=run, stand, or compete for an office or a position | synonyms=campaign | examples=Who's running for treasurer this year?
10. sense_key=run%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video | synonyms=play | examples=They ran the tapes over and over again; I'll play you my favorite record
11. sense_key=run%2:38:11:: | definition=move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way | examples=who are these people running around in the building?; She runs around telling everyone of her troubles
12. sense_key=run%2:42:01:: | definition=have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined | synonyms=tend, be given, lean, incline | examples=She tends to be nervous before her lectures; These dresses run small
13. sense_key=run%2:35:04:: | definition=be operating, running or functioning | examples=The car is still running--turn it off!
14. sense_key=run%2:30:03:: | definition=change from one state to another | examples=run amok; run rogue
15. sense_key=run%2:30:07:: | definition=cause to perform | examples=run a subject; run a process
16. sense_key=run%2:42:02:: | definition=be affected by; be subjected to | examples=run a temperature; run a risk
17. sense_key=run%2:42:03:: | definition=continue to exist | synonyms=prevail, persist, die hard, endure | examples=These stories die hard; The legend of Elvis endures
18. sense_key=run%2:42:06:: | definition=occur persistently | examples=Musical talent runs in the family
19. sense_key=run%2:41:00:: | definition=carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine | synonyms=execute | examples=Run the dishwasher; run a new program on the Mac
20. sense_key=run%2:36:02:: | definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize | synonyms=carry | examples=We ran the ad three times; This paper carries a restaurant review
21. sense_key=run%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out | examples=run an errand
22. sense_key=run%2:35:01:: | definition=pass over, across, or through | synonyms=guide, draw, pass | examples=He ran his eyes over her body; She ran her fingers along the carved figurine
23. sense_key=run%2:42:08:: | definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | synonyms=lead | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
24. sense_key=run%2:41:01:: | definition=make without a miss
25. sense_key=run%2:40:06:: | definition=deal in illegally, such as arms or liquor | synonyms=black market
26. sense_key=run%2:38:10:: | definition=cause an animal to move fast | examples=run the dogs
27. sense_key=run%2:38:08:: | definition=be diffused | synonyms=bleed | examples=These dyes and colors are guaranteed not to run
28. sense_key=run%2:38:03:: | definition=sail before the wind
29. sense_key=run%2:38:05:: | definition=cover by running; run a certain distance | examples=She ran 10 miles that day
30. sense_key=run%2:42:05:: | definition=extend or continue for a certain period of time | synonyms=run for | examples=The film runs 5 hours
31. sense_key=run%2:41:04:: | definition=set animals loose to graze
32. sense_key=run%2:38:02:: | definition=keep company | synonyms=consort | examples=the heifers run with the bulls to produce offspring
33. sense_key=run%2:38:06:: | definition=run with the ball; in such sports as football
34. sense_key=run%2:38:13:: | definition=travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means | examples=Run to the store!; She always runs to Italy, because she has a lover there
35. sense_key=run%2:38:09:: | definition=travel a route regularly | synonyms=ply | examples=Ships ply the waters near the coast
36. sense_key=run%2:33:02:: | definition=pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals) | synonyms=hunt, hunt down, track down | examples=Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland; The dogs are running deer
37. sense_key=run%2:33:01:: | definition=compete in a race | synonyms=race | examples=he is running the Marathon this year; let's race and see who gets there first
38. sense_key=run%2:30:02:: | definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, go | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
39. sense_key=run%2:30:00:: | definition=reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating | synonyms=melt, melt down | examples=melt butter; melt down gold
40. sense_key=run%2:30:01:: | definition=come unraveled or undone as if by snagging | synonyms=ladder | examples=Her nylons were running
41. sense_key=run%2:30:04:: | definition=become undone | synonyms=unravel | examples=the sweater unraveled

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "running" (lemma: run) in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:

 The sentence is: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from <t>running</t> less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

 The context is about political candidates and elections. The phrase "running" here refers to candidates seeking office or competing for a position in an election.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. run%2:38:00:: - move fast by using one's feet (physical running) - not this one
 2. run%2:38:04:: - flee - not this one
 3. run%2:42:00:: - stretch out over a distance - not this one
 4. run%2:41:02:: - direct or control (operate) - not this one
 5. run%2:42:04:: - have a particular form - not this one
 6. run%2:38:01:: - move along, of liquids - not this one
 7. run%2:35:00:: - perform as expected when applied - not this one
 8. run%2:42:07:: - change or be different within limits - not this one
 9. run%2:33:06:: - run, stand, or compete for an office or a position (campaign) - This looks promising!
    - Definition: run, stand, or compete for an office or a position
    - Synonyms: campaign
    - Examples: Who's running for treasurer this year?
 10. run%2:36:01:: - cause to emit recorded audio or video - not this one
 11. run%2:38:11:: - move about freely - not this one
 12. run%2:42:01:: - have a tendency - not this one
 13. run%2:35:04:: - be operating - not this one
 14. run%2:30:03:: - change from one state to another - not this one
 15. run%2:30:07:: - cause to perform - not this one
 16. run%2:42:02:: - be affected by - not this one
 17. run%2:42:03:: - continue to exist - not this one
 18. run%2:42:06:: - occur persistently - not this one
 19. run%2:41:00:: - carry out a process or program - not this one
 20. run%2:36:02:: - include as the content - not this one
 21. run%2:36:00:: - carry out (run an errand) - not this one
 22. run%2:35:01:: - pass over, across, or through - not this one
 23. run%2:42:08:: - cause something to pass - not this one
 24. run%2:41:01:: - make without a miss - not this one
 25. run%2:40:06:: - deal in illegally - not this one
 26. run%2:38:10:: - cause an animal to move fast - not this one
 27. run%2:38:08:: - be diffused - not this one
 28. run%2:38:03:: - sail before the wind - not this one
 29. run%2:38:05:: - cover by running (distance) - not this one
 30. run%2:42:05:: - extend or continue for a certain period - not this one
 31. run%2:41:04:: - set animals loose to graze - not this one
 32. run%2:38:02:: - keep company - not this one
 33. run%2:38:06:: - run with the ball (sports) - not this one
 34. run%2:38:13:: - travel rapidly - not this one
 35. run%2:38:09:: - travel a route regularly - not this one
 36. run%2:33:02:: - pursue for food or sport (hunting) - not this one
 37. run%2:33:01:: - compete in a race - not this one (this is about racing, not political campaigns)
 38. run%2:30:02:: - progress by being changed - not this one
 39. run%2:30:00:: - reduce to liquid - not this one
 40. run%2:30:01:: - come unraveled - not this one
 41. run%2:30:04:: - become undone - not this one

 Sense 9 (run%2:33:06::) is clearly the best fit. The context is about candidates "running" for congressional office, which means competing for an office or position. The example given "Who's running for treasurer this year?" matches perfectly with "running for re-election" mentioned earlier in the text and "running" in the target sentence.

 The target sentence: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat..."

 This is about running for office (campaigning/competing for a political position).

 So the answer should be sense index 9.

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=run%2:38:00::
 2. sense_key=run%2:38:04::
 ...
 9. sense_key=run%2:33:06::

 So yes, index 9 corresponds to run%2:33:06::.

 The JSON should be: {"sense_index": 9}

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prospect
Target surface form: prospect
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the <t>prospect</t> of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prospect%1:26:00:: | definition=the possibility of future success | synonyms=chance | examples=his prospects as a writer are excellent
2. sense_key=prospect%1:09:01:: | definition=belief about (or mental picture of) the future | synonyms=expectation, outlook
3. sense_key=prospect%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=candidate
4. sense_key=prospect%1:09:00:: | definition=the visual percept of a region | synonyms=view, aspect, scene, vista, panorama | examples=the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views
5. sense_key=prospect%1:04:00:: | definition=a prediction of the course of a disease | synonyms=prognosis, medical prognosis

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "prospect" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses political theory about legislators, elections, and candidates.
 - The specific sentence is: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the <t>prospect</t> of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."
 - Here, "prospect" is used in the phrase "prospect of defeat".
 - It refers to the possibility or likelihood of being defeated in an election.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=prospect%1:26:00:: | definition=the possibility of future success | synonyms=chance | examples=his prospects as a writer are excellent
    - This refers to possibility of success, but in the context it's about possibility of defeat (failure), not success. However, "prospect" can mean possibility in general, though this specific sense mentions "success".

 2. sense_key=prospect%1:09:01:: | definition=belief about (or mental picture of) the future | synonyms=expectation, outlook
    - This is about a belief or mental picture of the future. "Prospect of defeat" could fit here as an expectation of defeat.

 3. sense_key=prospect%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=candidate
    - This refers to a person (like a job candidate), not an abstract concept like "defeat". Doesn't fit.

 4. sense_key=prospect%1:09:00:: | definition=the visual percept of a region | synonyms=view, aspect, scene, vista, panorama
    - This is about visual views/scenery. Doesn't fit the political context.

 5. sense_key=prospect%1:04:00:: | definition=a prediction of the course of a disease | synonyms=prognosis, medical prognosis
    - Medical context. Doesn't fit.

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

 Sense 1: "the possibility of future success" - but the context mentions "defeat", which is the opposite of success. However, WordNet senses can sometimes be schematic. Let me think about whether "prospect" in "prospect of defeat" means "possibility" or "expectation/belief".

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 1: "his prospects as a writer are excellent" - this refers to chances/opportunities for success.

 But "prospect of defeat" is talking about the likelihood/possibility of something happening (defeat).

 Sense 2: "belief about (or mental picture of) the future" with synonyms "expectation, outlook".

 In the phrase "prospect of defeat", it means the likelihood or possibility that defeat will occur. This is closer to sense 1 (possibility) but sense 1 specifically mentions "success". However, "prospect" can be used for negative outcomes too.

 Wait, let me reconsider the WordNet senses. In WordNet, "prospect%1:26:00::" is usually the sense for "the possibility of future success" or "chances". But "prospect%1:09:01::" is "expectation, outlook".

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
 - prospect.n.01: the possibility of future success (e.g., "his prospects as a writer are excellent")
 - prospect.n.02: belief about (or mental picture of) the future (e.g., "he had high expectations for the project")
 - prospect.n.03: someone who is considered for something (e.g., "he was a candidate for the job")
 - prospect.n.04: the visual percept of a region (e.g., "the view from the window")
 - prospect.n.05: a prediction about how something will develop (medical prognosis)

 In the context "prospect of defeat", this is referring to the likelihood or possibility of defeat. While sense 1 mentions "success", it's the closest in terms of meaning "possibility of a future outcome". However, sense 2 (expectation/outlook) could also work.

 But looking carefully at the context: "discouraged... by the prospect of defeat" - this means they are discouraged by the possibility/chance that they will be defeated. It's about the risk/possibility.

 However, sense 1 specifically says "success". Is there a sense for "possibility" in general?

 Let me check if I have the right sense indices. The user provided:
 1. prospect%1:26:00:: - possibility of future success
 2. prospect%1:09:01:: - belief about future (expectation, outlook)

 In many WSD datasets, "prospect" in "prospect of defeat" or "prospect of war" is often tagged as sense 2 (expectation/outlook) or sense 1 depending on the specific annotation guidelines.

 But wait, "prospect" meaning "possibility" is often used with "of" phrases: "prospect of rain", "prospect of victory", "prospect of defeat".

 Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
 - WordNet 3.0 sense 1: the possibility of future success
 - WordNet 3.0 sense 2: belief about (or mental picture of) the future

 The phrase "prospect of defeat" aligns well with "belief about the future" (sense 2) because it's about the expectation or outlook of what will happen. But it also aligns with "possibility" (sense 1).

 However, sense 1 is specifically about "success", and defeat is not success. So sense 1 seems wrong on that count.

 Sense 2 is about belief/mental picture/expectation. "The prospect of defeat" = the expectation of defeat. This fits well.

 But let me double-check. In the sentence: "discouraged... by the prospect of defeat" - this could mean:
 1. The possibility that they might be defeated (likelihood)
 2. The thought/expectation of being defeated (mental outlook)

 Both work, but in political science contexts discussing elections, "prospect" usually refers to the likelihood or chance of winning/losing.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 1: "his prospects as a writer are excellent" - this is about career prospects, chances of success.

 For sense 2: synonyms are expectation, outlook. Example might be "the economic outlook is bleak" or "the prospect of war worried them".

 I think sense 2 is the better fit here because "prospect of defeat" refers to the anticipated outcome or expectation of defeat, not specifically the "possibility of success" (which would be contradictory since defeat is failure).

 Wait, but "prospect" can mean "a chance or possibility" in general, not just success. But if the WordNet definition specifically says "success", then using it for "defeat" would be wrong.

 Let me reconsider sense 1. Is it possible that the definition "the possibility of future success" is too narrow in the gloss, but the sense includes possibility in general? Or is there another sense?

 Actually, looking at the candidate list again:
 1. prospect%1:26:00:: - possibility of future success
 2. prospect%1:09:01:: - belief about (or mental picture of) the future

 In standard WordNet:
 - %1:26:00:: is under noun.state (26) - "the possibility of future success"
 - %1:09:01:: is under noun.cognition (09) - "belief about (or mental picture of) the future"

 "Prospect of defeat" is clearly referring to a cognitive state - the expectation or anticipation of defeat. It's about what they believe or expect will happen. So sense 2 seems correct.

 But I should verify with the context. The text says "discouraged... by the prospect of defeat". This means they are discouraged by the thought/expectation/possibility of losing.

 In many lexical resources, "prospect" in "prospect of [something]" where [something] is an event (like defeat, war, rain) is sense 2 (expectation/outlook).

 However, there's a subtle distinction. "Prospect" as "possibility" (sense 1) is usually used in plural "prospects" for career chances, or "good prospects". "Prospect" as "expectation" (sense 2) is often used with "of" + noun phrase.

 Given that the definition of sense 1 explicitly mentions "success", and the context mentions "defeat" (which is the opposite), sense 1 is inappropriate. Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.

 So the answer should be sense_index: 2.

 Wait, I need to be careful. The user says "Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense."

 Let me reconsider if there's any way sense 1 could be correct. "Prospect" meaning "chance/possibility" is a very common usage. Even though the gloss says "success", WordNet glosses are sometimes imperfect or schematic. The example "his prospects as a writer are excellent" shows the success meaning, but the word can extend to general possibilities.

 However, sense 2 with synonyms "expectation, outlook" and definition "belief about (or mental picture of) the future" fits "prospect of defeat" very well. When you talk about the "prospect of defeat", you are talking about the outlook or expectation of being defeated.

 Also, looking at the broader context: "the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent" - this is about the anticipated outcome, the expectation of what will happen.

 I think sense 2 is definitely the right choice.

 One final check: could it be sense 3 (candidate)? No, that's a person.
 Sense 4 (view)? No.
 Sense 5 (medical prognosis)? No.

 So it's between 1 and 2. Given that defeat is not success, and the "of" construction typically goes with the expectation sense, I'll go with 2.

 Actually, looking at WordNet online or standard usage:
 - "Job prospects" = sense 1 (possibilities/chances)
 - "Prospect of rain" = sense 2 (expectation)

 Yes, "prospect of [event]" is typically sense 2.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: defeat
Target surface form: defeat
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of <t>defeat</t> at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=defeat%1:11:00:: | definition=an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest | synonyms=licking | examples=it was a narrow defeat; the army's only defeat
2. sense_key=defeat%1:12:00:: | definition=the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals | synonyms=frustration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "defeat" in a specific context.

Context analysis:
The target word "defeat" appears in the phrase: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of <t>defeat</t> at the hands of a Democratic opponent."

Looking at the surrounding context:
- The text discusses legislators, elections, vulnerability to defeat
- Earlier it mentions "immune to defeat" in the context of elections
- It mentions "the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans" referring to losing elections
- Now it talks about "prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent"

So clearly this refers to losing an election/contest, not a feeling.

Candidate senses:
1. defeat%1:11:00:: - "an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest" - synonyms: licking - examples: "it was a narrow defeat; the army's only defeat"
2. defeat%1:12:00:: - "the feeling that accompanies an experience of being thwarted in attaining your goals" - synonyms: frustration

Sense 1 refers to the actual event/outcome of losing (the defeat itself).
Sense 2 refers to the feeling/emotion of being defeated.

In the context "prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent", this refers to the possibility of losing the election - the outcome/event, not the feeling. The prospect is of losing the contest, not the feeling that would come after.

Also, earlier in the text: "immune to defeat" and "vulnerable to defeat" both clearly refer to the event/outcome of losing an election, not the feeling.

Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

The user wants me to return: {"sense_index": 1}

Wait, looking at the format: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I should return {"sense_index": 1} since I chose sense 1.

Let me double-check:
- Sense 1: defeat%1:11:00:: - noun, event/outcome of losing
- Sense 2: defeat%1:12:00:: - noun, feeling of frustration

Context: "prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent" - this is about losing the election, not the feeling. The prospect is of the event happening.

Yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democratic
Target surface form: Democratic
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a <t>Democratic</t> opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "Democratic" in the given context.

 First, let's look at the context:
 - The text discusses political theory about legislators, national policy making, local benefit-seeking, and electoral security.
 - It mentions "freshman Republicans" and the "Reagan revolution"
 - It mentions "defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent"
 - It discusses the Republican Party having difficulty attracting candidates because of the prospect of defeat by Democratic opponents

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
    - This is the general sense referring to democracy as a system of government or social equality.

 2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
    - This specifically refers to the Democratic Party in the United States (or possibly other countries, but given the context of Republicans, Reagan, House members, this is US politics).

 3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement
    - This is about being popular or for the people in general, not specifically the political party.

 Analysis of the context:
 - The word "Democratic" is capitalized as "Democratic"
 - The context is about US politics: "Republican Party", "Reagan revolution", "House", "congressional"
 - The phrase is "Democratic opponent" - referring to an opponent from the Democratic Party
 - This is clearly referring to the political party, not the general concept of democracy or being popular/common

 The example for sense 2 is "Democratic senator" which fits the pattern of referring to party affiliation.
 The context mentions "Democratic opponent" in contrast to Republican candidates.

 Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys:
 - democratic%3:01:00:: corresponds to the political party sense
 - democratic%3:00:00:: corresponds to the general democracy principles sense
 - democratic%5:00:00:common:01 corresponds to the popular/common sense

 Yes, sense 2 (index 2) is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: opponent
Target surface form: opponent
Context:
Third, the theory suggests why legislators who pay too much attention to national policy making relative to local benefit-seeking have lower security in office. For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic <t>opponent</t>. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opponent%1:18:02:: | definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opposite
2. sense_key=opponent%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who offers opposition | synonyms=adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "opponent" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about legislators, elections, and political parties
- The specific sentence is: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic <t>opponent</t>."
- This is talking about potential Republican candidates being afraid of losing to Democratic opponents in elections
- The context involves elections, running for office, defeat, and competition between political parties

Now let's look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=opponent%1:18:02:: | definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opposite
   - This seems like a general sense of being matched against someone in a contest/competition
   - Synonyms: opposition, opposite

2. sense_key=opponent%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who offers opposition | synonyms=adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister
   - This is someone who opposes/resists
   - Synonyms: adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister

Wait, I need to think carefully about the distinction. In WordNet, opponent has these senses:
- opponent#1: someone who offers opposition (adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister)
- opponent#2: a contestant that you are matched against (opposition, opposite)

Looking at the context:
- "defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent"
- This is talking about election opponents - people running against each other in an election
- In an election context, the opponent is the person you're competing against for the same seat/office

Sense 1 (index 1 in my list, which is opponent%1:18:00::) focuses on opposition/adversarial relationship - someone who opposes.
Sense 2 (index 2 in my list, which is opponent%1:18:02::) focuses on being a contestant matched against someone.

Actually, looking at the WordNet indices:
- opponent%1:18:00:: is usually the first sense (someone who offers opposition)
- opponent%1:18:02:: is usually the second sense (a contestant that you are matched against)

But the user lists them as:
1. sense_key=opponent%1:18:02:: (contestant)
2. sense_key=opponent%1:18:00:: (someone who offers opposition)

Wait, the user has numbered them 1 and 2, but the sense keys show:
- #1 has key ending in 02::
- #2 has key ending in 00::

This is a bit confusing. Let me check WordNet structure:
- In WordNet 3.0, opponent has:
  - Sense 1: someone who offers opposition ( Lexical ID 0)
  - Sense 2: a contestant that you are matched against (Lexical ID 2)

So:
- opponent%1:18:00:: = sense 1 = someone who offers opposition
- opponent%1:18:02:: = sense 2 = a contestant that you are matched against

But the user lists them as:
1. sense_key=opponent%1:18:02:: (contestant)
2. sense_key=opponent%1:18:00:: (opposition)

So the user's index 1 refers to sense_key ending in 02 (contestant)
And the user's index 2 refers to sense_key ending in 00 (someone who offers opposition)

Now, which fits the context better?

Context: "defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent" in the context of congressional elections and candidates running for office.

In an election context, when we say "Democratic opponent", we mean the person from the Democratic party who is running against the Republican candidate. They are contestants matched against each other in the election contest.

Sense 2 (the user's index 2, sense_key 00) is "someone who offers opposition" - this is more general, could be anyone who opposes something (like an opponent of a policy).

Sense 1 (the user's index 1, sense_key 02) is "a contestant that you are matched against" - this specifically refers to being matched in a contest/competition like an election.

In political election contexts, "opponent" typically refers to the person you're running against in the election - i.e., a contestant matched against you.

The synonyms help:
- Sense 1: opposition, opposite - these suggest the person/entity you're competing against
- Sense 2: adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister - these suggest someone who actively opposes/resists

In the phrase "defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent", this is clearly referring to losing an election to the other candidate (the Democratic candidate). This is an electoral contest. The Republican candidate would be matched against a Democratic contestant.

Therefore, sense 1 (as numbered by the user) - "a contestant that you are matched against" - is the correct sense.

Wait, let me double-check the user's numbering:
"Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=opponent%1:18:02:: | definition=a contestant that you are matched against | synonyms=opposition, opposite
2. sense_key=opponent%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who offers opposition | synonyms=adversary, antagonist, opposer, resister"

So:
- User's #1 = contestant sense (WordNet sense 2)
- User's #2 = opposition sense (WordNet sense 1)

The context is about elections and candidates. When talking about defeat in an election at the hands of an opponent, this is the contestant sense - the person you're running against.

The phrase "defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent" implies a competitive electoral race where one candidate defeats another. This fits "a contestant that you are matched against."

The other sense (someone who offers opposition) is more about opposing ideas, policies, etc., not necessarily about being an electoral competitor.

Also, looking at the broader context about "freshman Republicans" being "vulnerable to defeat" and "running for re-election" - this is clearly about electoral contests.

Therefore, the answer should be index 1.

But wait, I should verify once more. Is there any ambiguity?

"Democratic opponent" could theoretically mean someone from the Democratic party who offers opposition (to Republican policies), but in the context of "defeat at the hands of", this clearly refers to electoral defeat - losing an election. You are defeated by your opponent in the election.

In WordNet:
- Sense 1 (opponent%1:18:00::): "someone who offers opposition" - example might be "an opponent of the death penalty"
- Sense 2 (opponent%1:18:02::): "a contestant that you are matched against" - example might be "he beat his opponent in the election"

Actually, looking at actual WordNet glosses:
- WordNet 3.1:
  - opponent, opposer, adversary, antagonist, resister: someone who offers opposition
  - opponent, opposition, opposite: a contestant that you are matched against

The context clearly points to the contestant sense (the one the user labeled as #1).

So the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

But let me make sure I'm not confusing the indices. The user asks me to return a JSON like {"sense_index": 3}. This means I should return the index number as listed in the candidate senses (1 or 2).

Candidate sense 1: contestant
Candidate sense 2: someone who offers opposition

The context is electoral: "defeat at the hands of", "running for office", "attracting viable candidates", "congressional office".

This is definitely the contestant sense.

Answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the <t>extent</t> that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "extent" in the given context.

 Target lemma: extent
 Target surface form: extent

 Context: "To the <t>extent</t> that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage..."

 Candidate senses:
 1. extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
 2. extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

 Analysis:
 - The phrase here is "To the extent that..."
 - This is a common idiomatic expression meaning "to the degree that" or "insofar as"
 - The context is discussing a degree or level to which something is true (the realization by candidates)
 - Sense 1 talks about "the point or degree to which something extends" - this fits better with abstract concepts like the degree to which something is true
 - Sense 2 talks about physical distance, area, or volume - this is about physical space (desert, orchard)

 In the phrase "To the extent that...", we are talking about the degree or scope of realization/belief, not a physical distance. This aligns with sense 1.

 The examples for sense 1 include "the extent of the damage" and "the full extent of the law" - both can be abstract measures/degrees.
 The examples for sense 2 include "the vast extent of the desert" - clearly physical spatial measurement.

 "To the extent that" is a subordinating conjunction indicating degree or scope of a condition, matching sense 1 (point or degree to which something extends).

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 I need to return: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: potential
Target surface form: potential
Context:
For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that <t>potential</t> Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=potential%3:00:00:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=possible | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power
2. sense_key=potential%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=likely | examples=potential clients

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "potential" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses political candidates, specifically Republican candidates for congressional office.
 - The sentence is: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent."
 - Later: "To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize..."

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=potential%3:00:00:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=possible | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power
    - This sense refers to something that exists in possibility, not yet actualized. "A potential problem" means a problem that could happen.

 2. sense_key=potential%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=likely | examples=potential clients
    - This sense refers to someone/something expected to become something in the future. "Potential clients" means people who are expected to become clients.

 In the context:
 - "Potential candidates" refers to people who are considering running for office, who are expected to become candidates, or who are prospective candidates.
 - These are people who might run for office in the future - they are prospective candidates.

 Comparing the two senses:
 - Sense 1 (existing in possibility): This would mean candidates that exist in possibility - possible candidates.
 - Sense 2 (expected to become or be; in prospect): This would mean candidates who are expected to become actual candidates - prospective candidates.

 In political science/political discourse, "potential candidates" typically refers to people who are considering running, who are prospective candidates, not just abstract possibilities. The context talks about them being discouraged from running, which implies they are people who are considering or expected to run (prospective candidates), not just abstract possibilities.

 However, looking closely at the examples:
 - Sense 1 examples: "a potential problem" (a problem that could occur), "possible uses of nuclear power"
 - Sense 2 examples: "potential clients" (people expected to become clients)

 "Potential candidates" aligns better with "potential clients" - these are people who are expected to become candidates (or are considering becoming candidates). They are prospective candidates.

 But wait, let me reconsider. In WordNet, sense 1 (potential%3:00:00::) is the adjective meaning "existing in possibility" - this is the more general sense. Sense 2 (potential%5:00:00:prospective:00) is specifically "expected to become or be; in prospect" with synonym "likely" and example "potential clients".

 Actually, looking at the sentence: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running..."
 - These are people who are considering running, i.e., prospective candidates.
 - They are expected to become candidates (if they run).

 But "existing in possibility" could also work - they are possible candidates.

 However, the distinction in WordNet is:
 - Sense 1: existing in possibility (antonym: actual) - this is about potential vs. actual
 - Sense 2: prospective, expected to become - this is about future expectation

 In the context of "potential candidates" in political science, these are typically people who are considering running, i.e., prospective candidates. They are not yet candidates, but are expected to become candidates or are in the pool of possible candidates.

 Let me look at the examples again:
 - Sense 1: "a potential problem" - a problem that could happen
 - Sense 2: "potential clients" - people who might become clients

 "Potential candidates" is much closer to "potential clients" than to "a potential problem". Candidates are people, clients are people. Both refer to prospective individuals who may take on a role (candidate/client).

 Also, the gloss for sense 2 is "expected to become or be; in prospect" - this fits "potential candidates" well because these are people expected to become candidates (or in prospect of becoming candidates).

 Sense 1 "existing in possibility" is more about the abstract possibility - "potential energy", "potential problem".

 Therefore, sense 2 seems more appropriate.

 Wait, I need to check the sense keys carefully:
 - potential%3:00:00:: - this is the main adjective sense (satellite adjectives are 3:xx:xx, main adjectives are 3:00:00)
 - potential%5:00:00:prospective:00 - this is a pertainym or related adjective? Actually, 5:00:00 indicates it's an adjective satellite (3:00:00 is the main adjective entry).

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - 3:00:00 is the main sense (adjective)
 - 5:00:00:... are satellite adjectives (pertainyms)

 But the content:
 - Sense 1: "existing in possibility" - this is the core meaning of potential (possible, as opposed to actual)
 - Sense 2: "expected to become or be; in prospect" - this is the prospective meaning

 In the sentence: "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running..."
 - This refers to people who are thinking about running, prospective candidates.
 - They are not yet candidates, but are expected to become candidates or are in the pool of those who might become candidates.

 If I use sense 1: "Possible candidates" - this could work, but is less specific.
 If I use sense 2: "Prospective candidates" - this fits perfectly.

 Also, the example for sense 2 is "potential clients" which is exactly parallel to "potential candidates".

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 2 (index 2).

 Wait, I need to make sure about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=potential%3:00:00:: ...
 2. sense_key=potential%5:00:00:prospective:00 ...

 So sense_index should be 2.

 Let me double-check by looking at the context again:
 "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat..."

 These are individuals who are considering running for office. They are prospective candidates. They are expected to become candidates (if they decide to run). This matches "expected to become or be; in prospect".

 Sense 1 "existing in possibility" is more about the capability or possibility of something happening, not necessarily about people expected to take on a role.

 Therefore, the answer is sense_index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
For example, first-term - term members of the House, once the most vulnerable of incumbents, have become virtually immune to defeat. The one exception to this recent trend was the defeat of 13 of the 52 freshman Republicans brought into office in 1980 by the Reagan revolution and running for re-election in 1982. Because these freshmen placed far more emphasis on their partisan role -- spreading the Reagan revolution -- in national policy making, they were more vulnerable to defeat. Fourth, the theory indicates why the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office. Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican <t>candidates</t> and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "candidates" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses politics, specifically about the Republican Party attracting "viable candidates for congressional office"
- It mentions "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running"
- It talks about "potential Republican candidates and their financial backers"
- The context is about people running for or considering running for political office (congressional office)

Now let's look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Sense 1 is specifically about politicians running for public office.
Sense 2 is broader - someone considered for something (could be a job, prize, etc.).

In the context:
- The text mentions "attracting viable candidates for congressional office"
- "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running"
- "potential Republican candidates"

These are people who would run for congressional office - i.e., politicians running for public office. While they are "potential" candidates (not yet officially running), the context is clearly about political elections and running for office.

However, I need to look closely at the specific instance: "potential Republican candidates"

The text says: "the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office" and "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running"

So these are people who are being considered for the office (potential candidates), but the specific context is political office.

Sense 1 (candidate%1:18:01::) specifically mentions "a politician who is running for public office"
Sense 2 (candidate%1:18:00::) mentions "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)"

The key distinction:
- Sense 1 focuses on actively running (campaigning)
- Sense 2 focuses on being considered/selected for something

In this context, while they are called "potential candidates," the specific context is about running for congressional office. The text discusses "attracting viable candidates for congressional office" and "discouraged from running."

Wait, let me look at the exact target word occurrence:
"To the extent that potential Republican <t>candidates</t> and their financial backers realize..."

These are people who would be running for office. But are they already running, or are they potential ones?

The text says "attracting viable candidates" and "Potential candidates" - so they haven't necessarily started running yet. However, in political science/election contexts, "candidate" often refers to people who run for office.

But let's look at the WordNet senses more carefully. In WordNet:
- candidate%1:18:01:: is "a politician who is running for public office"
- candidate%1:18:00:: is "someone who is considered for something"

The question is: in the phrase "potential Republican candidates," are these people already running, or being considered?

Given that it says "attracting viable candidates" and "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running," these appear to be people who are considering running but haven't started yet, or are being recruited. They are prospects for candidacy.

However, in common usage and WordNet disambiguation tasks, when referring to people running for or seeking political office, sense 1 is typically used.

But wait - the text specifically emphasizes "potential" and discusses the difficulty of attracting them to run. This suggests they are not yet running, but are prospects for the position.

Let me check the examples in WordNet (mentally):
For sense 1 (campaigner, nominee): typically used for actual election candidates
For sense 2 (prospect): used for job candidates, award candidates, etc.

In this political science text, the specific context is congressional elections. The word "candidates" here refers to people who would run for Congress.

Actually, looking carefully at the context: "the Republican Party may have a difficult time attracting viable candidates for congressional office" - this suggests recruiting people to run. These people, once they agree, would become candidates in sense 1. But at the moment of being "attracted" or being "potential," they might fit sense 2 better.

However, in the specific sentence: "potential Republican candidates" - this is somewhat redundant if sense 1 means already running. But "potential" modifies "candidates," suggesting that "candidates" here refers to those seeking the office.

Let me reconsider the distinction:
- Sense 1: A politician who is running for public office (the campaigning aspect is key)
- Sense 2: Someone who is considered for something (the being considered aspect is key)

In "attracting viable candidates for congressional office" - the party is trying to get people to become candidates/run. So these are potential office-seekers.

But the word "candidates" in "potential Republican candidates" - if they are potential candidates, they are not yet candidates in sense 1 (who are running). They are prospects for candidacy.

However, looking at the broader context of WSD tasks, "candidate" in political contexts usually maps to sense 1 even when modified by "potential," because the domain is political elections.

But let's look at the synonyms provided:
Sense 1: campaigner, nominee
Sense 2: prospect

"Potential candidates" aligns well with "prospects" (synonym for sense 2).

Also, the text contrasts "incumbents" with these candidates. Incumbents are office-holders. The candidates are those running against them or for open seats.

Wait, the text says: "attracting viable candidates for congressional office" - this means finding people to run.

And: "field a competitive slate of congressional candidates" - this means having people run.

I think the key is that these are people who will run for office, making them political candidates.

But to decide between sense 1 and sense 2:
- Sense 1 requires them to be politicians running for public office
- Sense 2 is broader: someone considered for an office

Given that these are "potential" candidates being "attracted" to run, and the text discusses whether they will choose to run, they are being considered for the position (as prospects).

However, I need to check if WordNet sense 1 applies only to those actively campaigning, or generally to those seeking nomination/election.

In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
candidate#1: a politician who is running for public office
candidate#2: someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)

The first sense is definitely about political campaigning. The second is about being considered for anything.

Given the text mentions "running for re-election" earlier, and "discouraged from running," and "congressional office," this is clearly the political sense.

But "potential candidates" who haven't started running yet - are they sense 1 or 2?

Actually, looking at the exact phrase: "potential Republican candidates" - this is the target.

And earlier: "attracting viable candidates"

In political science literature, when discussing the supply of people willing to run for office, they are referred to as "candidates" even in the potential stage, but technically they are "potential candidates."

I think the strongest clue is the synonym "prospect" for sense 2. The text explicitly uses "Potential" which aligns with "prospect."

But also, the domain is clearly political elections, which aligns with sense 1.

Let me look for similar examples in WordNet or standard WSD datasets.

In SemCor or similar:
- "presidential candidate" -> sense 1
- "job candidate" -> sense 2
- "candidate for the award" -> sense 2

Here: "candidates for congressional office" - this looks like sense 1 (political office).

But "potential candidates" suggests they are not yet running.

However, the definition of sense 1 says "running for public office" - this implies active candidacy.

The definition of sense 2 says "considered for something (for an office..." - this includes being considered for an office.

Given the emphasis on "potential" and "attracting" (recruiting), and the fact that they haven't decided to run yet ("discouraged from running"), these are people being considered for the candidacy, not yet actively running.

Therefore, sense 2 might be more appropriate.

But wait, the phrase is "congressional candidates" - this is a very strong collocation for sense 1.

Let me reconsider the text flow:
1. "attracting viable candidates for congressional office" - here they are recruiting people to be candidates
2. "Potential candidates may be discouraged from running" - potential candidates = those who might run
3. "potential Republican candidates" - the target

These are synonymous: viable candidates = potential candidates = prospects.

Given that "prospect" is the synonym for sense 2, and these are explicitly called "potential," sense 2 seems correct.

However, in many WSD systems, "congressional candidate" or similar political office contexts default to sense 1.

But looking carefully at the definitions:
Sense 1: "a politician who is running for public office" - requires being a politician and running
Sense 2: "someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)" - requires being considered for an office

The people described are:
- Not necessarily politicians yet (could be newcomers)
- Not yet running (potential, may be discouraged from running)

Therefore, sense 2 is technically more accurate.

But I should verify if WordNet sense 1 applies to people seeking party nomination (primary candidates) or only general election candidates. Usually, it applies to anyone running in an election.

The text mentions "field a competitive slate of congressional candidates" - this means having people file to run.

Given the hedging in my analysis, I need to be decisive.

Key factors for sense 1:
- Context is politics and elections
- Synonyms include "campaigner" and "nominee"
- "Congressional office" is public office

Key factors for sense 2:
- Modified by "potential"
- Synonym is "prospect"
- They are being considered/recruited, not yet actively running

In WordNet, sense 1 is the more specific political sense, while sense 2 is the general sense. When the context is clearly political, sense 1 is usually preferred unless there's strong evidence for the general sense.

However, "potential candidate" is a strong indicator for sense 2, as it emphasizes the "considered for" aspect rather than the "running" aspect.

But looking at the broader context, the entire passage is about election campaigns and incumbents. The word "candidates" appears in the context of competing in elections ("defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent," "field a competitive slate").

I think I should go with sense 1 (index 1) because:
1. The domain is clearly political elections
2. "Congressional candidates" is the collocation
3. Even though they are "potential," they are potential political candidates, not potential job candidates

Actually, looking at the instruction: "WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, the examples, and the synonyms together."

Synonyms for sense 2: prospect
Is "prospect" a good fit? "Potential candidates" = "prospects" - yes, very good fit.

Synonyms for sense 1: campaigner, nominee
Are these potential candidates campaigners yet? Not really, they haven't started. Are they nominees? Not necessarily, they might be considering running in a primary.

Therefore, sense 2 is better.

But I'm concerned that "candidate" in political science contexts almost always maps to sense 1 in WordNet.

Let me check if there's a distinction between "candidate" as "one who seeks an office" vs "one who is considered for an office."

In standard English:
- A job candidate is someone being considered for a job (sense 2)
- A political candidate is someone running for office (sense 1)

The text explicitly mentions "running for re-election" earlier, and "discouraged from running" - so the act of running is central. But these specific targets are "potential" ones.

Wait, looking at the exact sentence: "To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage..."

These potential candidates have financial backers. In politics, you get financial backers when you are running or about to run. But the text says they are potential.

I think the safest choice is sense 1 because the context is explicitly about politicians and public office, even if they are potential ones. The word "candidate" in American political science discourse refers to sense 1.

However, if I look at the mapping strictly:
- If they are potential, they are not yet running
- Therefore not sense 1
- Therefore sense 2

But this might be too pedantic. "Potential candidate" is a common phrase where "candidate" retains its political sense (sense 1).

Given the instruction to not hedge and choose the single best indexed sense, and considering that:
- The context is about congressional elections (public office)
- The collocates are "Republican," "congressional," "running"
- Sense 1 is the specific political sense

I will choose sense 1.

Wait, I should check if the indices are 0-indexed or 1-indexed. The senses are listed as:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01::
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00::

Wait, the sense keys show:
- First one listed is 01
- Second one listed is 00

But they are labeled as:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01::
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00::

So index 1 refers to candidate%1:18:01:: (the politician sense)
And index 2 refers to candidate%1:18:00:: (the general sense)

The user asks for the "best indexed sense" and to return {"sense_index": 3} format.

So if I choose the politician sense (candidate%1:18:01::), the index is 1.
If I choose the general sense (candidate%1:18:00::), the index is 2.

Given my analysis favors the politician sense (sense 1), the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

But let me double-check the WordNet offset numbers. Usually:
candidate#1 (noun) is the general sense
candidate#2 (noun) is the political sense

But the sense keys show:
candidate%1:18:01::
candidate%1:18:00::

In WordNet, the last two digits before :: are the lexicographer file number and the sense number within that file.

But here:
- 01 usually means sense 1 (the second sense in the file, 0-indexed? No, usually 01 means the first sense)
- 00 would be unusual... wait, looking carefully:

Actually, looking at the sense keys:
candidate%1:18:01:: - this looks like sense 1 (or offset ending in 01?)
candidate%1:18:00:: - this looks like sense 0?

Wait, standard WordNet sense key format is:
lemma%ss_type:lex_filenum:lex_id:head_word:head_id

Or sometimes shown as:
lemma%pos:sense_number

But here it's candidate%1:18:01::

This looks like:
- lemma: candidate
- pos: 1 (noun)
- lex_filenum: 18
- sense_number: 01 or 00?

Actually, looking at standard WordNet sense keys:
Format is: lemma%ss_type:lex_filenum:lex_id:head_word:head_id
Where ss_type is 1 for noun.
lex_filenum 18 is the noun.person file.
lex_id is usually a 2-digit hex number.

But here it shows 01 and 00. These might be the sense numbers (01 = first sense, 00 = zeroth?).

Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0:
candidate has 2 senses in noun.person:
1. candidate, campaigner, nominee -- (a politician who is running for public office)
2. candidate, prospect -- (someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.))

The sense keys would be:
candidate%1:18:01:: for the first one listed (politician)?
candidate%1:18:00:: for the second one?

Actually, in WordNet database files, senses are numbered starting from 0 in some contexts, or the offset is used.

But the user has labeled them:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician...
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered...

So:
- Index 1 corresponds to the politician sense (candidate%1:18:01::)
- Index 2 corresponds to the general sense (candidate%1:18:00::)

Given the context is clearly about politics and running for congressional office, and the collocates include "Republican," "congressional," "running," and "financial backers" (typical of political campaigns), I choose index 1.

Final check: Could it be index 2 because they are "potential" and not yet running?
- The text discusses the difficulty of attracting them because they fear defeat
- This is about the decision to become a candidate (to run)
- But the word "candidates" itself, even with "potential," in this political context, refers to the political concept

I think index 1 is correct.