[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: morning
Target surface form: morning
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday <t>morning</t> and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=morning%1:28:00:: | definition=the time period between dawn and noon | synonyms=morn, morning time, forenoon | examples=I spent the morning running errands
2. sense_key=morning%1:10:00:: | definition=a conventional expression of greeting or farewell | synonyms=good morning
3. sense_key=morning%1:28:01:: | definition=the first light of day | synonyms=dawn, dawning, aurora, first light, daybreak, break of day | examples=we got up before dawn; they talked until morning
4. sense_key=morning%1:11:00:: | definition=the earliest period | synonyms=dawn | examples=the dawn of civilization; the morning of the world

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "morning" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about church bells ringing in Aslacton, England
- The specific sentence is: "Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday <t>morning</t> and evening service."
- The phrase is "Sunday morning and evening service" - referring to church services that happen on Sunday mornings and Sunday evenings.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=morning%1:28:00:: | definition=the time period between dawn and noon | synonyms=morn, morning time, forenoon | examples=I spent the morning running errands
   - This refers to the time period between dawn and noon. "Sunday morning service" would be a service held during this time period. This fits well.

2. sense_key=morning%1:10:00:: | definition=a conventional expression of greeting or farewell | synonyms=good morning
   - This is the greeting "good morning". The context is not about a greeting, but about a time of day for a church service. So this is wrong.

3. sense_key=morning%1:28:01:: | definition=the first light of day | synonyms=dawn, dawning, aurora, first light, daybreak, break of day | examples=we got up before dawn; they talked until morning
   - This refers specifically to dawn/daybreak. While "morning" can mean this, in the phrase "Sunday morning service", it refers to the general time period, not specifically the first light of day. The service would be during the morning time, not necessarily exactly at dawn.

4. sense_key=morning%1:11:00:: | definition=the earliest period | synonyms=dawn | examples=the dawn of civilization; the morning of the world
   - This is a figurative sense meaning the earliest period of something (like "the morning of the world" or "dawn of civilization"). The context is about a literal time of day for a church service, not a figurative early period. So this is wrong.

So the choice is between sense 1 and sense 3.

Sense 1: "the time period between dawn and noon" - this is the standard meaning of morning as a time of day.
Sense 3: "the first light of day" - this is specifically dawn.

In the phrase "Sunday morning service", "morning" refers to the time period when the service is held - typically between dawn and noon. It's not referring specifically to the first light/daybreak (dawn), but rather the morning time period.

Also, looking at the examples:
- Sense 1 example: "I spent the morning running errands" - this refers to the time period.
- Sense 3 example: "we got up before dawn; they talked until morning" - this refers to the specific moment of daybreak or the period immediately around it.

"Sunday morning" refers to the time period between dawn and noon, not specifically the first light.

Therefore, sense 1 (morning%1:28:00::) is the best choice.

Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense indices. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=morning%1:28:00::
2. sense_key=morning%1:10:00::
3. sense_key=morning%1:28:01::
4. sense_key=morning%1:11:00::

So sense 1 is the time period between dawn and noon (the standard temporal sense).
Sense 3 is specifically dawn/first light.

In "Sunday morning service", "morning" clearly refers to the time of day (between dawn and noon), not specifically dawn itself. Church services on Sunday morning are typically mid-morning (9-11 am), not at dawn.

Therefore, the answer should be sense_index 1.

But let me reconsider if there's any ambiguity. Could it be sense 3? "Sunday morning" could be interpreted as the beginning of the day, but that's not how we typically use it. "Morning" as "first light of day" is more poetic or specific to dawn. The phrase "Sunday morning" in the context of church services refers to the conventional time period.

Also, looking at the contrast in the text: "every Sunday morning and evening service" - "evening" here is the time period (typically 5-8 pm or so), not "dusk" specifically. So "morning" is parallel to "evening" - both are time periods, not specific moments like dawn/dusk.

Therefore, sense 1 is definitely correct.

The output should be: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evening
Target surface form: evening
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and <t>evening</t> service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake
2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire
3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "evening" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about a church scene in rural England
 - It mentions "this cool autumn evening"
 - Later it mentions "Sunday morning and evening service"
 - The target word "evening" appears in: "who would herald every Sunday morning and <t>evening</t> service"

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake

 2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire

 3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

 Now, in the phrase "Sunday morning and evening service", the word "evening" is being used to refer to the time of day when the service takes place - specifically the latter part of the day, late afternoon until nightfall. This is a standard way to refer to church services that happen in the evening time.

 Sense 1 fits best because:
 - It refers to the latter part of the day (late afternoon until nightfall)
 - This matches the temporal meaning of "evening" when paired with "morning" to describe service times
 - The phrase "morning and evening service" uses "evening" to mean the time period of day, not the early part of night spent in a special way (sense 3), nor a metaphorical concluding time period (sense 2)

 Sense 3 is about "the early part of night spent in a special way" - this is more about social activities or entertainment (like "an evening at the opera"), not the time designation for a religious service.

 Sense 2 is metaphorical (like "the evening of one's life" or "the evening of the Roman Empire"), which doesn't fit here.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (evening%1:28:00::).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00::
 2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01::
 3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02::

 So sense_index should be 1.

 Actually, looking at the instructions: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 So I need to return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me double-check. The context mentions "Sunday morning and evening service". This is referring to the time of day. Sense 1 is "the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)". This is correct.

 Sense 3 "the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way" - while church services could be considered special ways of spending time, the pairing with "morning" suggests a parallel temporal designation, not the social/activity sense.

 Also, earlier in the text: "this cool autumn evening" - this also suggests sense 1 (the time of day), and the target "evening" in "evening service" refers to the same concept - the time when the service is held.

 So yes, sense 1 is correct.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DigitalOcean

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: service
Context:
ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening <t>service</t>. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "service" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about a church in England (St. Michael and All Angels)
 - It mentions "evensong" (an evening prayer service in the Anglican Church)
 - It mentions "church-goers"
 - It mentions "Sunday morning and evening service"
 - The specific phrase is: "who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service"

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. service%1:04:08:: - work done by one person or group that benefits another (too general, not specific to religious context)
 2. service%1:04:00:: - an act of help or assistance (too general)
 3. service%1:04:01:: - the act of public worship following prescribed rules; synonyms=religious service, divine service; examples=the Sunday service (This fits perfectly - it's about a religious worship service in a church on Sunday)
 4. service%1:14:05:: - a company or agency (not relevant)
 5. service%1:04:07:: - employment in or work for another (not relevant)
 6. service%1:14:00:: - military service (not relevant)
 7. service%1:18:00:: - Robert William Service (proper noun, not relevant)
 8. service%1:07:00:: - a means of serving (abstract, not the specific event)
 9. service%1:06:00:: - tableware (not relevant)
 10. service%1:04:03:: - mating by male animals (not relevant)
 11. service%1:04:09:: - feudal tenant acts (not relevant)
 12. service%1:04:02:: - sports serve (not relevant)
 13. service%1:04:04:: - delivering a writ (legal, not relevant)
 14. service%1:04:05:: - maintenance on car/machine (not relevant)
 15. service%1:04:06:: - performance of duties by waiter (not relevant)

 The context clearly indicates a religious worship service:
 - "evensong" is mentioned earlier in the text
 - "church-goers"
 - "Sunday morning and evening service"
 - The church setting (St. Michael and All Angels)

 Sense 3 (index 3) is: "the act of public worship following prescribed rules" with synonyms "religious service, divine service" and example "the Sunday service".

 This is clearly the correct sense.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: now
Target surface form: Now
Context:
Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. <t>Now</t>, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: | definition=in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events | examples=President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard; Washington now decides to cross the Delaware
2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: | definition=in these times; - Nancy Mitford | synonyms=nowadays, today | examples=it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets
3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: | definition=used to preface a command or reproof or request | examples=now hear this!; now pay attention
4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: | definition=at the present moment | synonyms=at present | examples=goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator
5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: | definition=without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening | synonyms=immediately, instantly, straightaway, straight off, directly, right away | examples=he answered immediately; found an answer straightaway
6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: | definition=(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity | examples=Now the next problem is...
7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: | definition=in the immediate past | examples=told me just now

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "Now" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text describes a scene in rural England with a church and bell ringers.
 - It mentions that St. Michael once had its own "band" of ringers who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service.
 - Then it says: "Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond."
 - This indicates a contrast between the past (when there was a full band of ringers) and the present situation (only one remains).

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=now%4:02:05:: - "in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events" - This is for narrative/historical present tense, like telling a story. The example "President Kennedy now calls in the National Guard" suggests this is used when narrating past events as if they were present. But here, the text is describing the current state of affairs, not narrating a sequence of past events in historical present.

 2. sense_key=now%4:02:00:: - "in these times; nowadays" - synonyms: nowadays, today. Examples: "it is solely by their language that the upper classes nowadays are distinguished; we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets". This seems to fit well - it's contrasting the past with the present time/current era.

 3. sense_key=now%4:02:02:: - "used to preface a command or reproof or request" - examples: "now hear this!; now pay attention". This doesn't fit - there's no command here.

 4. sense_key=now%4:02:04:: - "at the present moment" - synonyms: at present. Examples: "goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator". This could potentially work, but it seems more immediate/temporal. However, the context is talking about a general current state (only one local ringer remains), not necessarily a specific moment.

 5. sense_key=now%4:02:01:: - "without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening" - synonyms: immediately, instantly. This doesn't fit - there's no sense of immediacy or urgency.

 6. sense_key=now%4:02:07:: - "(prefatory or transitional) indicates a change of subject or activity" - examples: "Now the next problem is...". This is transitional, but here "Now" is being used to mark a temporal contrast between past and present, not necessarily to change subject.

 7. sense_key=now%4:02:06:: - "in the immediate past" - examples: "told me just now". This doesn't fit - it's referring to the present situation, not the immediate past.

 Between sense 2 and sense 4:
 - Sense 2: "in these times; nowadays" - This emphasizes the current era/time period as opposed to the past.
 - Sense 4: "at the present moment" - This emphasizes the current point in time.

 The context is contrasting the past (when there was a full band of ringers) with the present era/time (now only one remains). This is a general state of affairs in the current times, not necessarily a specific moment. The word "nowadays" or "today" would fit well here as synonyms.

 Looking at the example for sense 2: "we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets" - this is very similar to the usage here: "Now, only one local ringer remains". Both indicate a current state contrasting with the past.

 Sense 4 example: "goods now on sale" - this is more about current availability at this moment.

 Also, the structure "Now, only one..." where "Now" is set off by a comma and introduces a contrast with the previous sentence about what "once" was (past tense), strongly suggests the "nowadays/current times" meaning.

 Actually, looking more carefully at sense 4: "at the present moment" - this could also work. But sense 2 specifically mentions "nowadays" and the example "we now rarely see..." is very similar to the pattern here.

 Let me check the WordNet definitions more carefully. In WordNet:
 - now%4:02:00:: is the "nowadays" sense
 - now%4:02:04:: is the "at present" sense

 The key difference is that sense 2 (now%4:02:00::) is about "in these times" - a general temporal period (nowadays), while sense 4 (now%4:02:04::) is about "at the present moment" - a specific point in time.

 Given the context discusses a demographic/sociological change (from a full band of ringers to only one), and contrasts "once" (past) with "now" (present), the "nowadays" sense (sense 2) seems most appropriate. The text is saying that in current times/modern times, only one local ringer remains, whereas in the past there was a full band.

 However, I should also consider if sense 1 (historical present) applies. The text is written in the past tense ("stood", "cascading", "stop" - actually mixed tense), but "Now" introduces the current reality. The text is describing a scene, and then stating the current situation. It's not using historical present narration.

 Sense 2 seems best. The index would be 2 (based on the order provided: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=now%4:02:05::
 2. sense_key=now%4:02:00::
 3. sense_key=now%4:02:02::
 4. sense_key=now%4:02:04::
 5. sense_key=now%4:02:01::
 6. sense_key=now%4:02:07::
 7. sense_key=now%4:02:06::

 So if I choose sense_key=now%4:02:00::, that corresponds to index 2.

 But let me double-check sense 4 (now%4:02:04:: - "at the present moment"). Could this be better?
 Example: "goods now on sale; the now-aging dictator"
 In "the now-aging dictator", "now" indicates the current state.
 In "Now, only one local ringer remains", it's indicating the current state of affairs.

 However, the contrast with "once" (past) strongly suggests the "nowadays" interpretation. When we say "once X, now Y", we are typically contrasting the past with the present time/era.

 Also, looking at the synonyms for sense 2: "nowadays, today" - these fit perfectly. "Today, only one local ringer remains."

 Sense 4 synonyms: "at present" - "At present, only one local ringer remains" - this also works grammatically.

 But the nuance of sense 2 is "in these times" - referring to the current period/era, which fits the sociological observation about bell ringers better than a specific moment (sense 4).

 Actually, looking at WordNet standard distinctions:
 - Sense now%4:02:00:: (nowadays) is for "in these times"
 - Sense now%4:02:04:: (at present) is for "at the present moment"

 The example "we now rarely see horse-drawn vehicles on city streets" (sense 2) is almost exactly parallel to "Now, only one local ringer remains" - both describe a current state that contrasts with the past.

 Therefore, sense 2 is the best choice.

 Index: 2

 Wait, I should verify the exact format required: {"sense_index": 2}

 Yes.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, <t>only</t> one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "only" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond."

The sentence means that exclusively/solely one local ringer remains. There are no other local ringers besides Derek Hammond.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
   - This seems to be about "merely" or "simply" - e.g., "I only asked" meaning "I merely asked". Not quite right here.

2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
   - This fits well. "Only one local ringer remains" = "Solely/alone one local ringer remains" = no others are included.

3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
   - This is the "only to" construction indicating an unfortunate result. Not applicable here.

4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
   - This indicates a result or consequence. Not applicable.

5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
   - This is a conjunction usage. Not applicable.

6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
   - Conditional usage. Not applicable.

7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago
   - Temporal usage. Not applicable.

Sense 2 (index 2, since the list is 1-indexed) is clearly the best fit. The word "only" here means "without any others being included or involved" - exclusively one local ringer remains.

Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." The candidates are numbered 1-7. So I should return the index number as given in the list.

The best sense is number 2.

Let me verify: "Now, only one local ringer remains" - this means "exclusively one" or "solely one" or "alone among local ringers, one remains." Yes, sense 2.

Actually, looking at WordNet adverb senses for "only":
- only%4:02:01:: - without any others being included or involved; "was entirely to blame"; "a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children"; "he works for Mr. Smith exclusively"; "did it solely for money"; "the burden of proof rests on the prosecution alone"; "a privilege granted only to him"
- only%4:02:02:: - and nothing more; "I was merely asking"; "it is simply a matter of time"; "just a scratch"; "he was only a child"; "hopes that last but a moment"

Wait, could this be sense 1? "He was only a child" - "only one local ringer" - is this "merely" or "exclusively"?

If I say "only one local ringer remains", I mean "just one" or "merely one" in the sense of "and nothing more than one". But the key distinction in WordNet is:
- Sense 1 (4:02:02): "and nothing more" - this is often about emphasis on smallness/insignificance or limitation ("just", "merely")
- Sense 2 (4:02:01): "without any others being included" - this is about exclusivity ("exclusively", "solely", "alone")

In "only one local ringer remains", the meaning is that there is one and no others. This is exclusivity. The synonym "alone" fits well: "alone one local ringer remains" or "one local ringer alone remains." Also "solely one local ringer remains."

But "merely one local ringer remains" also works. How to distinguish?

Let me look at the examples for sense 1: "I was merely asking", "it is simply a matter of time", "just a scratch", "he was only a child", "hopes that last but a moment". These all suggest "nothing more than" with a sense of diminishment or limitation.

Examples for sense 2: "was entirely to blame", "a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children", "he works for Mr. Smith exclusively", "did it solely for money", "the burden of proof rests on the prosecution alone", "a privilege granted only to him".

The phrase "a privilege granted only to him" is very close to our structure. "Only one local ringer remains" = "One local ringer alone remains."

Also, in the context, the contrast is with "Like most of the other 6,000 churches... St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers... Now, only one local ringer remains." The emphasis is on the exclusivity - all the others are gone, only this one is left. It's not about diminishment ("merely a child") but about being the sole remaining one.

Actually, looking at WordNet more carefully:
- only%4:02:01:: adv. without any others being included or involved; "was entirely to blame"; "a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children"; "he works for Mr. Smith exclusively"; "did it solely for money"; "the burden of proof rests on the prosecution alone"; "a privilege granted only to him"
- only%4:02:02:: adv. and nothing more; "I was merely asking"; "it is simply a matter of time"; "just a scratch"; "he was only a child"; "hopes that last but a moment"

In "a privilege granted only to him", "only" modifies the indirect object "to him", meaning "to him and to no one else." Similarly, "only one local ringer remains" means "one local ringer remains and no others."

But wait, "he was only a child" means "he was a child and nothing more." "Only one local ringer remains" could mean "one local ringer remains and nothing more [than one]."

However, the sense distinction in WordNet is that 4:02:01 is about exclusivity (no others involved), while 4:02:02 is about "merely/just" (nothing more than).

In this context, since we're talking about the number of local ringers remaining, and the contrast is with a former "band" of ringers, the meaning is "solely/exclusively" one remains. The word is restricting the set of local ringers to a single member.

Also, if it were sense 1, we might expect something like "It's only one local ringer" meaning "it's merely one local ringer [not a big deal]." But here it's "only one local ringer remains" - the focus is on the exclusivity of the remaining individual.

I think sense 2 (index 2) is correct.

Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02::
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01::
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00::
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04::
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06::
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03::
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05::

So sense 2 in the list corresponds to only%4:02:01:: (without any others being included or involved).

Yes, the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one <t>local</t> ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "local" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about a church in Aslacton (rural England)
 - It mentions that St. Michael once had its own "band" of ringers
 - Now, only one "local" ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond
 - The others live elsewhere

 So "local" here means someone from the immediate area/neighborhood, as opposed to people who "live elsewhere."

 Candidate senses:
 1. local%3:00:01:: - relating to administration of a city/town/district (e.g., local taxes, local authorities)
 2. local%3:01:01:: - of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood (e.g., local customs, local schools)
 3. local%3:00:02:: - affecting only a restricted part of the body (medical sense)

 Analysis:
 - Sense 3 is clearly wrong - this is not about medical anesthesia.
 - Sense 1 is about administrative/governmental contexts (local taxes, local authorities). While "local" can mean related to municipal government, here it's describing a person (a ringer) who is from the area.
 - Sense 2 fits best: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood." The contrast is between the one ringer who is from Aslacton (local) vs. others who "live elsewhere." This matches examples like "local customs" or "local schools" - things/people belonging to the specific place.

 The key distinction:
 - Sense 1 (local%3:00:01::) focuses on administrative/political divisions (local government, local taxes)
 - Sense 2 (local%3:01:01::) focuses on the geographic/neighborhood level (belonging to the particular locality)

 In the sentence "only one local ringer remains," it means one ringer from the local area/neighborhood, not one ringer concerned with municipal administration.

 Therefore, sense 2 (local%3:01:01::) is the correct choice.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=local%3:00:01::
 2. sense_key=local%3:01:01::
 3. sense_key=local%3:00:02::

 So sense_index should be 2.

 Let me double-check WordNet to make sure I understand the senses correctly (even though I should rely on the provided definitions).

 In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
 - local%3:00:01:: - relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area; "local taxes"; "local authorities"
 - local%3:01:00:: (or similar) - of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood; "local customs"; "local schools"; "the local neighborhood"; "local industry"

 The provided sense keys show:
 - local%3:00:01:: (administrative)
 - local%3:01:01:: (belonging to locality)
 - local%3:00:02:: (medical)

 So yes, sense 2 is the one about belonging to a particular locality/neighborhood.

 The context emphasizes that Derek Hammond is from the village (implied by "local" contrasting with "live elsewhere"), making him a member of the particular locality.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringer
Context:
Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local <t>ringer</t> remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ringer" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about a church with bells
 - It mentions "five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells"
 - It mentions "St. Michael once had its own 'band' of ringers"
 - It says "Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond"
 - The context clearly involves church bells, bell ringing, and people who ring bells

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
    - This fits perfectly. The context is about church bells, people pulling ropes to ring bells, and the "band of ringers" who would herald services.

 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
    - This doesn't fit. There's no mention of look-alikes or identical people.

 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
    - This doesn't fit. There's no competition context.

 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
    - This doesn't fit. There's no horseshoe game mentioned.

 The context clearly indicates sense 1: a person who rings church bells. The text mentions "bells", "tower", "church", "peal of bells", and specifically describes people pulling ropes to ring bells.

 The index in the sense key ringer%1:18:02:: suggests this is sense index 2 (or possibly the third sense if 0-indexed, but looking at the ordering, it seems the user wants the index from the list provided).

 Wait, looking at the candidate senses, they are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. The sense keys have indices 02, 01, 00, 00 at the end. But the user asks for the "sense_index" in the JSON.

 Looking at the instructions: "Choose the single best indexed sense" and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 The candidates are listed as:
 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02::
 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01::
 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00::
 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00::

 So the first one (church bell ringer) is candidate 1.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense numbering. In WordNet, the sense keys have lexicographer files and then sense numbers. But the user is presenting 4 candidate senses numbered 1-4. The instruction says "Choose the single best indexed sense" and the example shows {"sense_index": 3}, which corresponds to the third item in the list.

 So if the first candidate is the correct one, I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me verify the context once more:
 - "band of ringers" - refers to people who ring bells
 - "only one local ringer remains" - refers to a person who rings bells
 - The context is entirely about church bell ringing

 Yes, definitely sense 1.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remain
Target surface form: remains
Context:
Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer <t>remains</t>: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remain%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=stay, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
2. sense_key=remain%2:42:03:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay, stay on, continue | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
3. sense_key=remain%2:42:05:: | definition=be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc. | examples=There remains the question of who pulled the trigger; Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war
4. sense_key=remain%2:42:01:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, stay | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "remain" with the surface form "remains" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage talks about a church that once had its own "band" of ringers
- Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond
- The others live elsewhere

So the meaning is: Only one local ringer is left (exists, continues to be present) while the others are gone.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=remain%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=stay, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
- This is about maintaining a state/condition. Not quite right. The ringer isn't maintaining a state, he's the only one left.

2. sense_key=remain%2:42:03:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay, stay on, continue | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
- This is about continuing in a place or position. While the ringer is staying in the place, the emphasis is on being the only one left from a group, not just continuing.

3. sense_key=remain%2:42:05:: | definition=be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc. | examples=There remains the question of who pulled the trigger; Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war
- This fits very well. "be left" - only one local ringer is left. The example "Carter remains the only President..." is very similar to "only one local ringer remains". This sense specifically deals with being the one left from a group.

4. sense_key=remain%2:42:01:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, stay | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up
- This is about staying behind when others leave, or persisting. While related, sense 3 is more specific to "being left" as in "the only one remaining from a group."

The key phrase is "only one local ringer remains" - this clearly indicates that out of the former group of ringers, only one is left. This matches sense 3: "be left; of persons..."

The example under sense 3: "Carter remains the only President..." mirrors the structure "only one local ringer remains."

Therefore, the best sense is sense_key=remain%2:42:05:: which is index 3.

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=remain%2:30:00::
2. sense_key=remain%2:42:03::
3. sense_key=remain%2:42:05::
4. sense_key=remain%2:42:01::

So the index for remain%2:42:05:: is 3.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: here
Context:
The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others <t>here</t> today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "here" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "The others <t>here</t> today live elsewhere."
 - The context is about bell ringers at St. Michael church.
 - It mentions that only one local ringer remains (Derek Hammond).
 - Then it says "The others here today live elsewhere."
 - This means the other ringers who are present at this location (St. Michael church) today actually live somewhere else.
 - They belong to a group that drives from church to church.

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
    - This refers to location/place. "The others here today" = the others at this place (St. Michael church) today.

 2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
    - This is more abstract, referring to a point in an argument or circumstance. Doesn't fit the spatial location context.

 3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
    - This implies movement toward the speaker ("hither"). But the sentence is describing people who are already at the location, not coming to it. "The others here today" - they are already present, not moving toward.

 4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon
    - This refers to time. While the sentence mentions "today", the "here" is clearly contrasting with "live elsewhere", indicating a spatial distinction, not just temporal. "Here" refers to the church location, not just the time.

 Analysis:
 - The word "here" in "The others here today live elsewhere" clearly refers to the physical location (St. Michael church).
 - It contrasts "here" (at this church) with "elsewhere" (other places).
 - Sense 1 ("in or at this place") fits perfectly.
 - Sense 3 is about moving toward ("to this place"), but these people are already present.
 - The phrase "here today" combines location and time, but "here" itself is locative, not temporal.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.

 Wait, let me double-check sense 4. The example "we'll adjourn here for lunch" - is "here" being used temporally? Actually, looking at WordNet, sense 4 might be temporal "at this point in time". But in "The others here today", "here" is definitely spatial - they are physically present at the church, though they live elsewhere.

 The contrast with "elsewhere" confirms it's spatial location.

 So the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 But let me check if there's any trick. The sentence: "The others here today live elsewhere."
 - Could "here" mean "in this circumstance"? No, that doesn't make sense with "live elsewhere."
 - Could it mean "to this place"? No, because they are already here, not coming here.

 Sense 1 is definitely correct: "in or at this place".

 One final check: The examples for sense 1 are "I work here; turn here". "The others here today" fits this pattern - indicating presence at the location.

 The answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here <t>today</t> live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "today" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringers in Aslacton, specifically at St. Michael and All Angels church.
 - It mentions that St. Michael once had its own "band" of ringers who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service.
 - Now, only one local ringer remains (Derek Hammond).
 - The sentence with the target word: "The others here <t>today</t> live elsewhere."
 - This means the other ringers who are present here today (on this specific day) live elsewhere.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
    - This refers to a broader temporal concept, like "modern times" or "the contemporary era"
    - Example: "the world of today" = the modern world

 2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?
    - This refers to the specific calendar day, the current day
    - Example: "Today is beautiful" = this specific day is beautiful

 In the context: "The others here today live elsewhere."
 - This is referring to the specific day when the action is taking place (the cool autumn evening mentioned earlier).
 - It's not referring to the present age/era in general, but specifically to who is present at the church on this particular day.
 - The contrast is between the one local ringer who remains (Derek Hammond) and the others who are here on this specific day but live elsewhere.
 - "Today" here means "on this day" or "presently on this specific day" - referring to the specific calendar day.

 Actually, let me reconsider. The phrase "here today" could mean:
 1. Here on this specific day (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow)
 2. Here in the present time/age (as opposed to the past when they had local ringers)

 But looking at the context: "Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere."
 - The contrast is between the one remaining local ringer and the others who are present on this occasion/day but come from elsewhere.
 - It's referring to the specific instance/day when they are ringing the bells (the "cool autumn evening" mentioned).
 - The meaning is: the other ringers who are here on this particular day live elsewhere.

 This aligns with sense 2: "the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow)"

 Sense 1 would be more like: "In today's world..." or "Today, we have computers..." referring to the modern era.

 But here, "today" is being used to specify when these other ringers are present at the church - on this particular day. It's contrasting with the past when there were local ringers, but specifically referring to the current day's situation.

 Wait, actually, looking more carefully:
 "Now, only one local ringer remains... The others here today live elsewhere."

 This could be interpreted as:
 - Sense 2: The others who are here on this specific day (the day being discussed in the narrative) live elsewhere.
 - Sense 1: The others who are here in the present time/modern era live elsewhere.

 But given the examples:
 - Sense 1 examples: "the world of today" (modern world), "today we have computers" (nowadays/in the current era)
 - Sense 2 examples: "Today is beautiful" (this specific day), "today's newspaper" (the newspaper of this specific day)

 In the sentence "The others here today live elsewhere", "today" is functioning as an adverb indicating time - specifically the current day. It's not referring to the modern age in general, but to the specific occasion/day when the bell ringing is happening.

 Therefore, sense 2 (today%1:28:01::) is the correct choice.

 The index would be 2.

 Wait, the user asks for the format: {"sense_index": 3} - but I need to check if the index refers to the order in the list or the actual WordNet sense number.

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=today%1:28:00::
 2. sense_key=today%1:28:01::

 So if I choose sense 2, the index is 2.

 But let me double-check the distinction:
 - Sense 1: "the present time or age" - this is the abstract concept of the current era/modern times
 - Sense 2: "the day that includes the present moment" - this is the specific calendar day

 In the context: "The others here today live elsewhere."
 This means the other ringers who are present at the church on this specific day (the day the article is describing) live elsewhere. It's referring to the specific day, not the era.

 Yes, sense 2 is correct.

 Index: 2

 But wait, I should verify if there's any ambiguity. Could it be sense 1?
 If it were sense 1, it would mean something like "The others here in today's world/modern times live elsewhere" - but that doesn't make as much sense because it's contrasting with the one local ringer who remains. The contrast is between the one permanent local resident and the transient ringers who are only there for this specific day/service.

 Actually, looking at the broader context: "who drive every Sunday from church to church" - these are ringers who travel around. So on this particular Sunday (today), the other ringers present are from elsewhere.

 This confirms it's sense 2 - referring to the specific day.

 So the answer is {"sense_index": 2}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: live
Target surface form: live
Context:
The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today <t>live</t> elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=live%2:42:08:: | definition=inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of | synonyms=populate, dwell, inhabit | examples=People lived in Africa millions of years ago; The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted
2. sense_key=live%2:42:06:: | definition=lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style | examples=we had to live frugally after the war
3. sense_key=live%2:42:04:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
4. sense_key=live%2:42:01:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, survive, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
5. sense_key=live%2:42:00:: | definition=have life, be alive | synonyms=be | examples=Our great leader is no more; My grandfather lived until the end of war
6. sense_key=live%2:31:00:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=know, experience | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
7. sense_key=live%2:42:07:: | definition=pursue a positive and satisfying existence | examples=You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "live" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringers in Aslacton (East Anglia, Britain)
 - "The others here today live elsewhere."
 - These ringers drive every Sunday from church to church
 - They are keeping bells sounding in many belfries of East Anglia
 - They belong to a group of 15 ringers who travel around

 So the sentence "The others here today live elsewhere" means that the other ringers (besides Derek Hammond, the one local ringer) reside in other places/don't live locally.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=live%2:42:08:: | definition=inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of | synonyms=populate, dwell, inhabit | examples=People lived in Africa millions of years ago; The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted
 - This sense is about residing in a place, inhabiting a location.
 - "The others here today live elsewhere" - yes, this fits perfectly. They reside in other places.

 2. sense_key=live%2:42:06:: | definition=lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style | examples=we had to live frugally after the war
 - This is about lifestyle (frugally, etc.), not about physical location of residence.

 3. sense_key=live%2:42:04:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live on, go, endure, hold up
 - This is about survival, enduring.

 4. sense_key=live%2:42:01:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, survive, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
 - This is about financial support/existence.

 5. sense_key=live%2:42:00:: | definition=have life, be alive | synonyms=be | examples=Our great leader is no more; My grandfather lived until the end of war
 - This is about being alive vs. dead.

 6. sense_key=live%2:31:00:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=know, experience
 - This is about experiencing.

 7. sense_key=live%2:42:07:: | definition=pursue a positive and satisfying existence
 - This is about living life to the fullest, satisfying existence.

 The context clearly indicates that the ringers "live elsewhere" meaning they reside in other places, they dwell elsewhere. This matches sense 1: "inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of".

 The sentence "The others here today live elsewhere" contrasts with Derek Hammond who is the "one local ringer". So the others are not local - they live elsewhere (in other towns/places).

 Therefore, sense_index should be 1.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense numbering. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=live%2:42:08::
 2. sense_key=live%2:42:06::
 3. sense_key=live%2:42:04::
 4. sense_key=live%2:42:01::
 5. sense_key=live%2:42:00::
 6. sense_key=live%2:31:00::
 7. sense_key=live%2:42:07::

 So sense_index: 1 corresponds to the first one in the list, which is the "inhabit or live in" sense.

 Actually, looking carefully at the WordNet sense keys:
 - live%2:42:08:: is "inhabit or live in"
 - live%2:42:06:: is "lead a certain kind of life"
 - etc.

 The context: "The others here today live elsewhere" - this is clearly about physical residence/dwelling.

 So the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me verify once more that I'm not confusing anything. The target is "live" in "The others here today live elsewhere."

 Yes, this means they reside in other places. Sense 1 is definitely the correct choice.

 The answer should be a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a <t>group</t> of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "group" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell ringers in churches in Britain
 - It mentions: "They belong to a <t>group</t> of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church..."
 - This refers to a collection of people (15 ringers) who work together to keep bells sounding in East Anglia

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
    - This is the general sense of a collection of people or things forming a unit
    - In the context, it's a group of 15 ringers (people)

 2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
    - This is a chemistry-specific sense
    - The context is about people, not chemistry, so this is wrong

 3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group
    - This is a mathematical/algebraic concept
    - The context is about bell ringers, not mathematics, so this is wrong

 The correct sense is clearly sense 1: "any number of entities (members) considered as a unit" - referring to the 15 ringers as a collective unit.

 The index appears to be 1 (based on the ordering in the candidate senses list).

 Wait, I need to check the format. The user wants:
 {"sense_index": 3}

 But looking at the candidate senses, they are numbered 1, 2, 3. So I should return the index number (1, 2, or 3).

 Sense 1 is the correct one.

 So: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 <t>ringers</t> -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ringers" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bells and people who ring them
 - It mentions "five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells"
 - It talks about "band of ringers" who would herald Sunday services
 - It mentions "only one local ringer remains"
 - The target word "ringers" appears in: "They belong to a group of 15 <t>ringers</t> -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church... to keep the bells sounding"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
    - This fits perfectly. The context is about people ringing church bells, driving from church to church to ring bells for services.

 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
    - This doesn't fit. The context isn't about people looking identical to others.

 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
    - This doesn't fit. There's no competition context here.

 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
    - This doesn't fit. The context is about bells, not horseshoes.

 The correct sense is clearly sense 1: a person who rings church bells.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02::
 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01::
 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00::
 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00::

 So the indices are 1, 2, 3, 4 as listed. The correct one is index 1.

 Actually, looking carefully at the WordNet sense keys:
 - ringer%1:18:02:: (this is the church bell ringer)
 - ringer%1:18:01:: (this is the dead ringer/look-alike)
 - ringer%1:18:00:: (this is the contestant entered falsely)
 - ringer%1:04:00:: (this is the horseshoe throw)

 The context clearly describes people ringing church bells: "pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells", "band of ringers", "ring for even one service at this tower".

 So the answer is sense_index: 1.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: include
Target surface form: including
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- <t>including</t> two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=include%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a part, be made up out of | examples=The list includes the names of many famous writers
2. sense_key=include%2:31:00:: | definition=consider as part of something | examples=I include you in the list of culprits
3. sense_key=include%2:30:00:: | definition=add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category | examples=We must include this chemical element in the group
4. sense_key=include%2:41:03:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=admit, let in | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "including" in the given context. The target lemma is "include" and the surface form is "including".

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church..."
 - The structure is: a group of 15 ringers -- including [specific members] -- who...
 - This is listing the composition of the group. The group consists of 15 ringers, and specifically mentioned as part of that group are two octogenarians and four youngsters.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=include%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a part, be made up out of | examples=The list includes the names of many famous writers
    - This seems to fit. The group "has as a part" or "is made up out of" these specific people.

 2. sense_key=include%2:31:00:: | definition=consider as part of something | examples=I include you in the list of culprits
    - This is more about mental consideration or classification. The example "I include you in the list" suggests an act of adding someone to a mental category or list. But in the context, it's describing the actual composition of the group, not considering them as part.

 3. sense_key=include%2:30:00:: | definition=add as part of something else; put in as part of a set, group, or category | examples=We must include this chemical element in the group
    - This suggests an active act of adding. But in the context, the sentence is describing the current composition of the group, not an act of adding them to it. The group already exists and these people are already members.

 4. sense_key=include%2:41:03:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=admit, let in | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar
    - This is about admission or allowing entry. The context isn't about admitting new members to the group; it's describing who is already in the group.

 Comparing sense 1 and sense 3:
 - Sense 1 (have as a part, be made up out of): This is about the state of containing something as a component.
 - Sense 3 (add as part of something else): This is about the action of putting something into a group.

 In the sentence "They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians...", the word "including" is introducing examples of the members that constitute the group. It's describing the composition - the group has these people as parts/members.

 The example for sense 1: "The list includes the names of many famous writers" - this is very similar to the structure here. The group includes specific members.

 The example for sense 3: "We must include this chemical element in the group" - this is about an action of adding.

 Since the context is descriptive (stating who is in the group) rather than performative (stating who is being added), sense 1 seems most appropriate.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys and their typical usage. In WordNet:
 - include%2:42:00:: typically corresponds to the sense of "contain as a part"
 - include%2:30:00:: typically corresponds to the sense of "add as part of something else"

 The phrase "including two octogenarians" is parenthetical, specifying the composition of the group of 15. This is similar to "The group includes..." which would be sense 1.

 Actually, looking at the examples again:
 Sense 1 example: "The list includes the names of many famous writers"
 Sense 3 example: "We must include this chemical element in the group"

 The context here is: "a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians..."
 This is stating that the group has these people as members. It's not saying they are being added to the group at that moment. It's describing the makeup of the group.

 Therefore, sense 1 (have as a part, be made up out of) is the best fit.

 But wait, I should check if there's any subtlety with "including" as a participle/preposition. In modern usage, "including" often functions as a preposition meaning "containing as part of the whole". This aligns with sense 1.

 Sense 2 (consider as part) would be like "I include you in my prayers" - mental inclusion.
 Sense 4 (admit/let in) would be about permission to enter.

 So yes, sense 1 is correct.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: training
Target surface form: training
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in <t>training</t> -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=training%1:04:00:: | definition=activity leading to skilled behavior | synonyms=preparation, grooming
2. sense_key=training%1:07:00:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=education, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "training" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about bell ringers in churches.
- "They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church..."
- The "youngsters in training" are learning to be bell ringers. They are being prepared to become skilled ringers.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=training%1:04:00:: | definition=activity leading to skilled behavior | synonyms=preparation, grooming
   - This refers to the process/activity of learning a skill.
   - "Youngsters in training" = youngsters who are learning/being taught the skill of bell ringing.
   - This fits well.

2. sense_key=training%1:07:00:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=education, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
   - This refers to upbringing, manners, social behavior.
   - The example "a woman of breeding and refinement" shows this is about social graces/upbringing.
   - "Youngsters in training" here doesn't mean they have good manners; it means they're learning to ring bells.

So sense 1 is clearly the best fit. The youngsters are undergoing training (activity leading to skilled behavior) to become bell ringers.

The user wants only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. But the index should correspond to the sense I choose. Since I choose sense 1, it should be {"sense_index": 1}.

Wait, let me double-check the sense keys. The first candidate is labeled as sense 1, the second as sense 2. So the index is 1.

Let me make sure I'm not missing anything. Is there any other interpretation?
- "four youngsters in training" - could "training" mean the result of good upbringing? No, that doesn't make sense in context. They're literally in the process of learning to ring bells.
- The activity of learning to ring bells is exactly "activity leading to skilled behavior."

Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: drive
Target surface form: drive
Context:
In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614. But there is also a discordant, modern note in Aslacton, though it can not be heard by the church-goers enjoying the peal of bells this cool autumn evening. Like most of the other 6,000 churches in Britain with sets of bells, St. Michael once had its own "band "of ringers, who would herald every Sunday morning and evening service. Now, only one local ringer remains: 64-year-old Derek Hammond. The others here today live elsewhere. They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who <t>drive</t> every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia. "To ring for even one service at this tower, we have to scrape, "says Mr. Hammond, a retired water-authority worker. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=drive%2:38:01:: | definition=operate or control a vehicle | examples=drive a car or bus; Can you drive this four-wheel truck?
2. sense_key=drive%2:38:00:: | definition=travel or be transported in a vehicle | synonyms=motor | examples=We drove to the university every morning; They motored to London for the theater
3. sense_key=drive%2:38:02:: | definition=cause someone or something to move by driving | examples=She drove me to school every day; We drove the car to the garage
4. sense_key=drive%2:35:00:: | definition=force into or from an action or state, either physically or metaphorically | synonyms=force, ram | examples=She rammed her mind into focus; He drives me mad
5. sense_key=drive%2:41:02:: | definition=to compel or force or urge relentlessly or exert coercive pressure on, or motivate strongly | examples=She is driven by her passion
6. sense_key=drive%2:35:11:: | definition=cause to move back by force or influence | synonyms=repel, repulse, force back, push back, beat back | examples=repel the enemy; push back the urge to smoke
7. sense_key=drive%2:36:00:: | definition=compel somebody to do something, often against his own will or judgment | examples=She finally drove him to change jobs
8. sense_key=drive%2:35:07:: | definition=push, propel, or press with force | examples=Drive a nail into the wall
9. sense_key=drive%2:35:01:: | definition=cause to move rapidly by striking or throwing with force | examples=drive the ball far out into the field
10. sense_key=drive%2:41:00:: | definition=strive and make an effort to reach a goal | synonyms=tug, labor, labour, push | examples=She tugged for years to make a decent living; We have to push a little to make the deadline!
11. sense_key=drive%2:32:00:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=get, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
12. sense_key=drive%2:42:00:: | definition=have certain properties when driven | synonyms=ride | examples=This car rides smoothly; My new truck drives well
13. sense_key=drive%2:41:13:: | definition=work as a driver | examples=He drives a bread truck; She drives for the taxi company in Newark
14. sense_key=drive%2:38:09:: | definition=move by being propelled by a force | examples=The car drove around the corner
15. sense_key=drive%2:38:10:: | definition=urge forward | examples=drive the cows into the barn
16. sense_key=drive%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=take | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
17. sense_key=drive%2:35:03:: | definition=strike with a driver, as in teeing off | examples=drive a golf ball
18. sense_key=drive%2:35:02:: | definition=hit very hard, as by swinging a bat horizontally | examples=drive a ball
19. sense_key=drive%2:35:06:: | definition=excavate horizontally | examples=drive a tunnel
20. sense_key=drive%2:34:07:: | definition=cause to function by supplying the force or power for or by controlling | examples=The amplifier drives the tube; steam drives the engines
21. sense_key=drive%2:33:01:: | definition=hunting: search for game | examples=drive the forest
22. sense_key=drive%2:33:00:: | definition=hunting: chase from cover into more open ground | examples=drive the game

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "drive" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "They belong to a group of 15 ringers -- including two octogenarians and four youngsters in training -- who drive every Sunday from church to church in a sometimes-exhausting effort to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries of East Anglia."

Key points:
- Subject: "they" (a group of 15 ringers)
- Action: "drive every Sunday from church to church"
- Purpose: "to keep the bells sounding in the many belfries"
- Means: implied vehicle travel (since they move from church to church across East Anglia)

This describes people traveling/moving from one church to another by vehicle.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. drive%2:38:01:: - operate or control a vehicle (focus on the act of operating, not the traveling)
2. drive%2:38:00:: - travel or be transported in a vehicle; synonyms=motor; examples="We drove to the university every morning" - This fits well. It emphasizes the travel aspect.
3. drive%2:38:02:: - cause someone or something to move by driving (causative, not applicable here)
4. drive%2:35:00:: - force into or from an action (metaphorical force, not applicable)
5. drive%2:41:02:: - compel or force or urge (motivational, not applicable)
6. drive%2:35:11:: - cause to move back by force (repel, not applicable)
7. drive%2:36:00:: - compel somebody to do something (not applicable)
8. drive%2:35:07:: - push, propel (physical pushing, not applicable)
9. drive%2:35:01:: - cause to move rapidly by striking (not applicable)
10. drive%2:41:00:: - strive and make an effort (tug, labor - not applicable)
11. drive%2:32:00:: - move into a desired direction of discourse (not applicable)
12. drive%2:42:00:: - have certain properties when driven (how a vehicle behaves, not applicable)
13. drive%2:41:13:: - work as a driver (profession, not applicable here - they're ringers who drive, not drivers who ring)
14. drive%2:38:09:: - move by being propelled by a force (the car drove around - intransitive with the subject being the vehicle, not the people)
15. drive%2:38:10:: - urge forward (drive cattle, not applicable)
16. drive%2:38:11:: - proceed along in a vehicle; synonyms=take; examples="We drive the turnpike to work" - This could also fit, but is more specific to proceeding along a route/road.
17. drive%2:35:03:: - strike with a driver (golf, not applicable)
18. drive%2:35:02:: - hit very hard (baseball, not applicable)
19. drive%2:35:06:: - excavate (not applicable)
20. drive%2:34:07:: - cause to function (mechanical, not applicable)
21. drive%2:33:01:: - hunting (not applicable)
22. drive%2:33:00:: - hunting (not applicable)

Between sense 2 (drive%2:38:00::) and sense 16 (drive%2:38:11::):

Sense 2: "travel or be transported in a vehicle" - examples include "We drove to the university every morning; They motored to London for the theater"

Sense 16: "proceed along in a vehicle" - examples include "We drive the turnpike to work"

Sense 2 seems more appropriate because:
- The context emphasizes traveling from church to church (destination oriented)
- "drive every Sunday from church to church" matches the pattern "drove to the university every morning"
- Sense 16 focuses more on proceeding along a specific route/road (like "drive the turnpike")

Also, sense 1 is about operating/controlling the vehicle itself, but the context emphasizes the travel aspect (from church to church).

Sense 2 is the best fit: travel or be transported in a vehicle.

The index for sense 2 is: sense_key=drive%2:38:00::, which corresponds to index 2 in the list provided.

Wait, let me check the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=drive%2:38:01::
2. sense_key=drive%2:38:00::
3. sense_key=drive%2:38:02::
...

So sense 2 in the list is drive%2:38:00::, which is "travel or be transported in a vehicle".

Yes, that's the correct answer.

The context: "who drive every Sunday from church to church" clearly means they travel by vehicle from one church to another.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 2}