[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical <t>beliefs</t> about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "beliefs" in the given context. The target lemma is "belief" and the surface form is "beliefs". I need to choose between two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Let me analyze the context:

The text discusses why we can't teach children effectively, stating that effective education would require us to relinquish "some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature" and "violate some cherished vested interests." These beliefs are described as dominating educational establishment, media, politicians, and parents, and challenging them seems "almost blasphemous."

Key observations:
- The beliefs are described as "metaphysical" - this suggests they are convictions or accepted truths about the nature of reality/human nature
- They are "cherished" - strongly held
- They dominate institutions and are resistant to challenge (blasphemous to challenge)
- They are contrasted with "vested interests"

Now let's compare the two senses:

Sense 1: "any cognitive content held as true" - This is a broad definition covering things accepted as true, convictions, doctrines, etc. This would include metaphysical beliefs, religious beliefs, philosophical convictions.

Sense 2: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" with synonyms like impression, feeling, notion, opinion. This suggests something less certain, more tentative, possibly intuitive but not strongly evidence-based or systematically held.

In the context:
- "Metaphysical beliefs" suggests systematic convictions about the fundamental nature of reality/human nature
- These are "cherished" and defended so strongly that challenging them seems "blasphemous"
- This suggests strongly held convictions, not vague ideas or mere impressions
- The text talks about beliefs that dominate institutions and structure our approach to education

Sense 1 seems more appropriate because:
1. Metaphysical beliefs are typically understood as convictions about the nature of reality, not vague notions
2. The intensity ("cherished", "blasphemous to challenge") suggests strong conviction, not vague confidence
3. Beliefs that dominate establishments and are institutionalized are typically "cognitive content held as true" rather than "vague ideas"

Sense 2 seems too weak for the context. The examples given for sense 2 ("his impression of her was favorable", "what are your feelings about the crisis?") suggest subjective, possibly fleeting judgments, whereas the text discusses entrenched metaphysical commitments.

Therefore, sense 1 is the better choice.

Wait, I need to check the indices. The user wants me to return {"sense_index": 1} or {"sense_index": 2}. Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00::
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01::

So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

But let me double-check WordNet for "belief":

WordNet has:
- belief (n.) #1: any cognitive content held as true
- belief (n.) #2: a vague idea in which some confidence is placed; "his impression of her was favorable"; "what are your feelings about the crisis?"; "it strengthened my belief in his sincerity"; "I had a feeling that she was lying"

Yes, that's correct. Sense 1 is the general "held as true" sense, sense 2 is the "vague idea/impression" sense.

The context clearly involves firmly held convictions about human nature and metaphysics, not vague feelings or impressions. The text says these beliefs are so dominant that challenging them seems blasphemous - this indicates strong conviction and acceptance as true, not vague confidence.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of <t>young</t> people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "young" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular..."
 - The phrase is "young people"
 - The context discusses children, education, human nature of young people vs. general human nature

 Candidate senses analysis:

 1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
    - This matches perfectly. The context refers to "young people" which is explicitly listed in the examples. The definition mentions "living things especially persons" and "early period of life". This fits the context about children and education.

 2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
    - This is about crops/plants. The context is about human beings (children/people), not crops. So this is wrong.

 3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
    - This is about appearing young or having youthful characteristics regardless of actual age. The context is referring to actual young people (children), not people who appear young for their age. The phrase "young people" here refers to those in early life stages, not those who look youthful.

 4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
    - This is metaphorical extension to non-living things (industries, days). The context is about human beings, so this doesn't fit.

 5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle
    - While young people might be inexperienced, the context is specifically referring to their age/life stage ("human nature of young people"), not specifically their lack of experience. The primary meaning here is the age-related one, not the experience-related metaphorical extension.

 The best fit is sense 1. The context explicitly mentions "young people" which matches the example in sense 1. The context is about children and education, referring to people in an early period of life. The phrase "human nature of young people" clearly refers to the biological/developmental stage of being young (immature in the sense of not fully grown), not the other senses.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DeepInfra

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young <t>people</t> in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "people" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young <t>people</t> in particular..."
- The phrase is "young people"
- This refers to young human beings collectively

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
   - This seems to fit "young people" - it's a general collective term for human beings
   - The example "old people" parallels "young people"

2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
   - This refers to a national/citizenry group, not applicable to "young people" in this context

3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
   - This refers to family/ancestors, not applicable here

4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people
   - This refers to the masses/common folk, often with a class connotation
   - "Young people" in this context doesn't carry this meaning

The context is talking about "young people" as young human beings collectively - referring to children/young humans in general. This matches sense 1, which is the general collective sense for any group of human beings. The example "old people" in sense 1 directly parallels "young people" in the target.

Sense 1 is the hypernym/general sense that covers any group of human beings collectively, which is exactly what "young people" means here - young human beings collectively.

Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violate
Target surface form: violate
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to <t>violate</t> some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violate%2:42:00:: | definition=fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns | synonyms=go against, break | examples=This sentence violates the rules of syntax
2. sense_key=violate%2:41:00:: | definition=act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises | synonyms=transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break | examples=offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization
3. sense_key=violate%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy | examples=Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy
4. sense_key=violate%2:41:02:: | definition=violate the sacred character of a place or language | synonyms=desecrate, profane, outrage | examples=desecrate a cemetery; violate the sanctity of the church
5. sense_key=violate%2:41:01:: | definition=force (someone) to have sex against their will | synonyms=rape, ravish, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage | examples=The woman was raped on her way home at night
6. sense_key=violate%2:35:01:: | definition=destroy and strip of its possession | synonyms=rape, spoil, despoil, plunder | examples=The soldiers raped the beautiful country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "violate" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The context is:
"Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to <t>violate</t> some cherished vested interests."

The key phrase is "violate some cherished vested interests."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. violate%2:42:00:: - fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns. Examples: "This sentence violates the rules of syntax"
   - This seems to be about rules, patterns, syntax. "Vested interests" aren't exactly rules or patterns, though they could be considered somewhat similar.

2. violate%2:41:00:: - act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises. Examples: "offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization"
   - This is about laws, rules, contracts, promises. "Vested interests" could be seen as rights or privileges, but this sense seems more about legal/moral rules.

3. violate%2:35:00:: - destroy. Examples: "Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy"
   - This is about destroying or damaging. "Violate vested interests" could mean harming them, but "destroy" seems too strong.

4. violate%2:41:02:: - violate the sacred character of a place or language. Synonyms: desecrate, profane, outrage. Examples: "desecrate a cemetery; violate the sanctity of the church"
   - This is about sacred/profane. The context mentions "cherished" beliefs and interests, but doesn't suggest religious sanctity.

5. violate%2:41:01:: - force (someone) to have sex against their will (rape)
   - Clearly not applicable here.

6. violate%2:35:01:: - destroy and strip of its possession (plunder, despoil)
   - Also not applicable to "vested interests" in this abstract context.

Now, looking more carefully at the phrase "violate some cherished vested interests":

In this context, "vested interests" refers to groups or individuals who have a strong interest in maintaining the status quo, or the interests themselves as privileges/rights. The author is saying that effective education would require going against, infringing upon, or acting in disregard of these interests.

Sense 2 (violate%2:41:00::) includes "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises" and has synonyms like transgress, offend, infract, breach. While "vested interests" aren't exactly laws, they are often treated as established rights or privileges that are protected.

However, looking at sense 1 (violate%2:42:00::): "fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns". This seems more about abstract patterns or rules.

Actually, looking at typical usage of "violate interests" - this is a common collocation. When we say "violate someone's interests", we usually mean acting contrary to their interests, infringing upon them, or failing to respect them.

Sense 2 seems most appropriate: "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises". But wait, "interests" aren't exactly laws or contracts.

Let me reconsider. In the context of "vested interests", this usually refers to established rights or privileges. To violate vested interests would be to infringe upon them, act against them, or disregard them.

Sense 2 includes: "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises"
Sense 1 includes: "fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns"

Actually, looking at the examples for sense 2: "offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization" - this is about moral/laws.

But "violate interests" is often used in the sense of "go against" or "infringe upon".

Wait, let me look at the WordNet sense keys more carefully. The numbers after the colon indicate different groupings.

violate%2:42:00:: - This is in the "stative" or "being" category? Actually, the second number is the lexicographer file number. 42 is... let me recall WordNet lex file numbers:
- 41 is verb.social
- 35 is verb.contact
- 42 is verb.stative

Sense 1 (violate%2:42:00::) is about failing to agree with, being in violation of rules or patterns. This is stative.

Sense 2 (violate%2:41:00::) is verb.social - acting in disregard of laws, rules, etc.

In the context: "violate some cherished vested interests" - this means to act in a way that disregards or infringes upon those interests. This aligns with sense 2, which is about acting in disregard of established norms, laws, or in this case, interests.

But actually, "vested interests" are not exactly laws or contracts. However, the broader sense of "transgress, offend, infract" from sense 2 fits well with the idea of going against established interests.

Sense 1 is more about abstract patterns not matching up, like "this sentence violates the rules of syntax" - that's about conformity to patterns.

Sense 2 is about active disregard: "offend all laws of humanity".

Given that "violate vested interests" means to act in a way that harms or disregards those interests, and the context is about "effective education would require us to..." (an action), sense 2 seems better.

However, I should check if there's a specific sense for "violate" meaning "to treat irreverently" or "infringe upon rights". Sense 4 is about sacred character (desecrate). Sense 2 is the general "break the law/rule" sense.

Actually, looking at the phrase "vested interests" - these are legal/economic rights. To violate them would be to infringe upon them, which fits sense 2 (act in disregard of...).

But let me double-check sense 3: "destroy" - "Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy". "Violate privacy" is a common collocation, and it means to intrude upon or infringe upon privacy. This is similar to "violate interests".

However, sense 3 is glossed as "destroy" with examples about garden and privacy. In WordNet, "violate" sense 3 might be specific to certain contexts.

Let me reconsider the specific WordNet senses based on standard WordNet data:

Standard WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 senses for "violate" (verb):

1. violate, go against, break (fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns) - verb.stative
2. transgress, offend, infract, violate, go against, breach, break (act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises) - verb.social
3. violate (destroy) - "Don't violate my garden"; "violate my privacy" - verb.contact
4. desecrate, profane, outrage, violate (violate the sacred character of a place or language) - verb.social
5. rape, ravish, violate, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage (force to have sex) - verb.contact
6. rape, spoil, despoil, violate, plunder (destroy and strip of its possession) - verb.contact

Now, "violate vested interests" - which sense?

"Vested interests" in this context refers to the interests of groups who benefit from the current educational system. To "violate" these interests means to act against them, harm them, or infringe upon them.

This could be:
- Sense 2: acting in disregard of established rights/interests (treating them like rules/contracts)
- Sense 3: destroying the interests (too strong?)
- Sense 1: failing to agree with the interests (too abstract?)

Actually, looking at usage, "violate interests" is most similar to "violate rights" or "violate a contract". This would fall under sense 2: acting in disregard of contracts, promises, etc.

But "interests" are not exactly contracts. However, in legal/economic contexts, "vested interests" are treated similarly to rights.

Sense 3 ("destroy") with example "violate my privacy" - privacy is similar to an interest. But "destroy" is the gloss, which seems too strong for privacy (you don't destroy privacy, you violate it by intruding).

Actually, looking at the example "violate my privacy" under sense 3, if that's the example given, then "violate interests" might fit there too. But "privacy" is different from "vested interests".

Wait, in the given candidate list, sense 3 is "destroy" with examples "Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy". Garden is physical destruction, privacy is... not exactly destruction.

But the question is specifically about "vested interests". In the context, the author says effective education would require us to "violate some cherished vested interests". This means we would have to act in ways that go against the interests of certain groups, infringing upon their privileges.

This is closest to sense 2: "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises". While interests aren't exactly laws, they are established rights/privileges, and "act in disregard of" captures the meaning well.

Sense 1 is about failing to agree with rules or patterns - this is more about abstract conformity.

Sense 2 is about active transgression against established norms/rights.

Given the context of "cherished vested interests" and the need to "relinquish beliefs" and "violate interests", this is about transgressing against established social/economic privileges.

Therefore, sense 2 (violate%2:41:00::) is the best choice.

Wait, I should verify if there's any possibility it's sense 1. "Fail to agree with" - would effective education fail to agree with vested interests? That's a bit passive. The context suggests active confrontation: "require us to violate" - we must actively go against them.

Sense 2 involves active verbs: transgress, offend, breach.

Also, the synonyms for sense 2 include "infract" which is close to "infringe", and we often say "infringe upon interests".

So I'll go with sense 2.

Index 2 corresponds to sense_key=violate%2:41:00::

The output should be: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These <t>beliefs</t> so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "beliefs" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses "metaphysical beliefs about human nature"
 - These beliefs are described as "cherished" and "dominate our educational establishment"
 - They are contrasted with empirical facts or practical knowledge ("It's not that we do not know how to, because we do")
 - The beliefs are something people hold as true but might be metaphysical/ideological in nature
 - They are described as being challenged (almost blasphemous to challenge them)

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
    - This is the general, broader sense of belief as something held to be true
    - Would cover metaphysical beliefs, ideological beliefs, etc.

 2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?
    - This sense seems more about vague impressions, feelings, or opinions
    - The synonyms suggest something less firm or less systematic than metaphysical beliefs
    - Examples suggest subjective impressions rather than structured metaphysical positions

 Analysis:
 The context refers to "metaphysical beliefs about human nature" - these are not vague impressions or feelings (sense 2), but rather cognitive content held as true (sense 1). The text talks about "cherished metaphysical beliefs" which are systematic views about human nature that people hold as true, not just vague notions or impressions.

 The phrase "cherished metaphysical beliefs" suggests substantive propositions about reality/human nature that are accepted as true, fitting sense 1 ("any cognitive content held as true").

 Sense 2 with synonyms like "impression, feeling, notion, opinion" seems too weak for "metaphysical beliefs" which are typically more substantial and systematic than mere impressions or vague ideas.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 Wait, let me double-check WordNet sense distinctions for "belief":

 In WordNet:
 - belief%1:09:00:: usually maps to the first sense: "any cognitive content held as true"
 - belief%1:09:01:: usually maps to: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed"

 The context clearly indicates these are substantive metaphysical positions about human nature, not vague feelings or impressions. The author is talking about ideological commitments that prevent educational reform - these are beliefs in the sense of propositions held to be true.

 So the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 The user wants JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: so
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs <t>so</t> dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "so" in the given context.

Context: "These beliefs <t>so</t> dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Let me analyze the sentence structure:
- "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment..."
- Here "so" is modifying the verb "dominate" and is followed by "that" introducing a result clause.
- The structure is "so...that..." meaning "to such a great extent that..."

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. so%4:02:02:: | to a very great extent or degree | examples: the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
   - This is an intensifier meaning "very" or "to a great extent". But the structure here is specifically "so...that..." which might be sense 7.

2. so%4:02:06:: | in a manner that facilitates | examples: he observed the snakes so he could describe...
   - This is "so that" meaning "in order that". But in our sentence, "so" comes before "dominate" and is followed later by "that". Actually, looking closely: "These beliefs so dominate ... that it seems almost blasphemous..." This is "so...that..." indicating extent/degree, not purpose.

3. so%4:02:05:: | in such a condition or manner...
   - Doesn't fit.

4. so%4:02:07:: | to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples: I can only go so far...
   - "So far", "so much" - limited extent. Not this one.

5. so%4:02:08:: | in the same way; also
   - Not this.

6. so%4:02:04:: | in the way indicated; thus
   - Not this.

7. so%4:02:03:: | (usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples: he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
   - This looks like the best fit. The example "he was so tired he could hardly stand" matches the structure "so [adjective/verb] that...". Wait, the example shows "he was so tired he could hardly stand" (with or without "that"? It says "usually followed by `that'"). Our sentence has "so dominate ... that". This sense specifically mentions being followed by "that" and refers to extent or degree.

8. so%4:02:09:: | subsequently or soon afterward
   - Not this.

9. so%4:02:10:: | (used to introduce a logical conclusion) therefore
   - Not this.

10. so%4:02:00:: | in truth (often tends to intensify) | indeed
    - Not this.

Now comparing sense 1 and sense 7:
- Sense 1: "to a very great extent or degree" - examples: "the idea is so obvious; never been so happy". These are predicative/intensifier uses.
- Sense 7: "(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed" - examples: "he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells"

The target sentence: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment... that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

This is clearly the "so...that..." construction indicating extent/degree. The word "so" directly modifies "dominate" and is followed by a "that" clause showing the result of that extent.

Sense 7 explicitly mentions "(usually followed by `that')" and gives examples with "so...that..." (or implied that). This is the best fit.

Wait, let me double-check the exact wording of sense 7: "(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed". The examples are "he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells". Yes, this is exactly the correlative construction.

Sense 1 is more general "to a very great extent" without the specific "that" correlation. While sense 1 could potentially apply, sense 7 is specifically designed for the "so...that..." construction.

Actually, looking at the example for sense 1: "never been so happy" - this is also extent, but without the result clause. The presence of "that" in the context strongly points to sense 7.

Also note the WordNet sense keys:
- so%4:02:03:: is sense 7 in the list (index 7)
- so%4:02:02:: is sense 1 in the list (index 1)

The user wants the sense_index (the number in the list). So the answer should be {"sense_index": 7}.

Let me verify once more:
- The sentence uses "so" as an intensifier of "dominate" leading into a "that" result clause.
- Sense 7 explicitly mentions "usually followed by `that'" and gives the example "so dirty that it smells".
- This is a perfect match.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 7.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our <t>educational</t> establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "educational" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "These beliefs so dominate our <t>educational</t> establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

 The word "educational" modifies "establishment" here. The phrase "educational establishment" refers to the system or institutions of education (schools, universities, the education sector, etc.), not something that provides knowledge in the sense of being instructive.

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
    - This sense relates to education as a process or system.
    - "Educational establishment" means the establishment related to education (schools, education system).
    - "Educational psychology" is psychology related to education.

 2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film
    - This sense means something that educates or instructs, something that provides knowledge.
    - Examples would be "an educational film", "an educational experience", "educational materials" (materials that teach).
    - This is about the quality of being instructive.

 In the phrase "educational establishment", we're talking about the establishment (institutions/system) of education, not an establishment that provides knowledge in the sense of being instructive. The "educational establishment" refers to the organized system of education - the schools, administrators, policies, etc.

 Therefore, sense 1 is correct: "relating to the process of education".

 The context is about the education system ("educational establishment") being dominated by certain beliefs, along with media, politicians, and parents. This clearly refers to the institutional/systemic aspect of education, not something that is instructive.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational <t>establishment</t>, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "establishment" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"These beliefs so dominate our educational <t>establishment</t>, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

The word "establishment" here is modified by "educational" and appears in a list with "our media, our politicians, and even our parents". It's referring to the people or groups who make up the educational system/administration, or possibly the educational institution/system as a whole.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. establishment%1:04:00:: - "the act of forming or establishing something" (e.g., constitution, formation). This is an act/event. The context is talking about a group of people or an organization, not an act. So not 1.

2. establishment%1:14:00:: - "an organization founded and united for a specific purpose" (synonym: institution). This could work - an educational establishment as an institution.

3. establishment%1:14:02:: - "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something" (synonyms: administration, governance, governing body, brass). This refers to the people/administrators. In the context: "our educational establishment, our media, our politicians..." - this seems to refer to the people in charge of education, the governing body, the administration. The parallel structure with "politicians" and "parents" (people) suggests this is about people/groups who administer/run education.

4. establishment%1:06:00:: - "a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence". This is about physical structures/buildings. The context is about beliefs dominating people/groups, not buildings. So not 4.

5. establishment%1:14:01:: - "any large organization". This is a very general sense. But sense 2 and 3 are more specific.

6. establishment%1:22:00:: - ecology sense. Not relevant.

7. establishment%1:09:00:: - cognitive process of proof. Not relevant.

Now between sense 2, 3, and 5.

Sense 3: "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something" - examples mention "administration", "governance", "governing body".

In the context: "our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents"

Wait, "the establishment" often refers to the powerful group running things. The phrase "educational establishment" commonly refers to the people/system in charge of education - the administrators, policymakers, etc.

But let's look carefully. The sentence says: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents..."

"Establishment" here is parallel to "media", "politicians", "parents". These are all groups of people or entities composed of people.

Sense 2: "an organization founded and united for a specific purpose" - institution. An educational establishment could be a school/university as an institution.

Sense 3: "the persons... who make up a body for the purpose of administering something" - this emphasizes the people.

In common usage, "the educational establishment" refers to the established powers/authorities in education - the administrators, policymakers, etc. This aligns well with sense 3. The word is often used to mean "the people in power/authority" (e.g., "the Establishment" with a capital E).

Also, looking at the examples for sense 3: "he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members". This fits the idea of the educational establishment as the governing/administering body.

Sense 2 examples would be like "a research institution" - more about the organization itself as an entity rather than the people running it.

Given the context mentions "our politicians" and "our parents" alongside it, and talks about beliefs dominating these groups, and the need to challenge them, sense 3 seems best because it refers to the people/administrators. The "educational establishment" here is the group of people who administer education.

However, I should consider sense 5: "any large organization". But sense 3 is more specific and fits better.

Actually, looking at WordNet, "establishment" sense 1:14:02 is "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something". This is often used in phrases like "the local establishment" or "the medical establishment".

Yes, "the educational establishment" maps very well to sense 3. It refers to the people in positions of power within education.

Let me double-check if sense 2 could be better. Sense 2 is "an organization founded and united for a specific purpose". If the text said "an educational establishment" referring to a school, that would be sense 2. But here it says "our educational establishment" as a collective group, parallel to "our media" and "our politicians". The media isn't an organization in the singular here but the collective media institutions/people. Similarly, establishment here is collective.

Also, the phrase "the establishment" as a collective term for the ruling group is a well-known usage. In WordNet, this is likely sense 3 (or possibly sense 5, but sense 3 specifically mentions persons/committees/departments administering).

Wait, let me reconsider sense 5: "any large organization". Could "educational establishment" mean the large organization of education? But again, the parallel with "politicians" (people) suggests the people sense.

I think sense 3 is the best fit.

Wait, I need to be careful. Let me look at the exact wording again: "our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents"

"Media" can refer to people (journalists) or institutions. "Politicians" are people. "Parents" are people. So "establishment" here likely refers to people.

Sense 3: "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something"

Yes, this is the best match.

Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: politician
Target surface form: politicians
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our <t>politicians</t>, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=politician%1:18:01:: | definition=a leader engaged in civil administration
2. sense_key=politician%1:18:00:: | definition=a person active in party politics | synonyms=politico, pol, political leader
3. sense_key=politician%1:18:02:: | definition=a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "politicians" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses why we can't teach children to read, write, and reckon
- It mentions that effective education would require relinquishing metaphysical beliefs and violating vested interests
- It states: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our <t>politicians</t>, and even our parents..."
- The politicians are grouped with educational establishment, media, and parents as groups that hold certain beliefs about human nature and education

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=politician%1:18:01:: | definition=a leader engaged in civil administration
   - This refers to someone in civil administration/leadership roles

2. sense_key=politician%1:18:00:: | definition=a person active in party politics | synonyms=politico, pol, political leader
   - This refers to someone active in party politics, political activities
   - Synonyms: politico, pol, political leader

3. sense_key=politician%1:18:02:: | definition=a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways
   - This is the derogatory sense - a schemer, someone underhanded

Analyzing the context:
- The text mentions "politicians" alongside "educational establishment," "media," and "parents"
- These are groups that hold certain beliefs that the author considers problematic
- The tone is critical but not necessarily implying that the politicians are scheming in an underhanded way (sense 3)
- Rather, it seems to refer to political figures/leaders who are part of the power structure alongside media and educational establishment

Sense 2 (a person active in party politics) seems most appropriate because:
- It fits the context of people in political roles who influence public policy and beliefs
- It's the most general sense for people involved in politics as a profession or activity
- The grouping with "media" and "educational establishment" suggests institutional/power structures, which aligns with "person active in party politics" or political leadership

Sense 1 (leader in civil administration) is narrower and focuses on civil administration specifically, which might not capture the full scope of political figures being referenced.

Sense 3 (schemer) is too specific and derogatory. While the text is critical, it doesn't specifically characterize the politicians as scheming or underhanded - rather, it says they hold certain "cherished metaphysical beliefs" and "vested interests." This is more about ideological commitment than scheming.

Between sense 1 and 2:
- Sense 2 includes "political leader" as a synonym and refers to "a person active in party politics"
- In the context of discussing educational policy and beliefs that dominate society, "politicians" here likely refers to elected officials, political leaders, those active in the political sphere
- The phrase "our politicians" suggests the general class of political figures/leaders in society

Sense 2 (index 2) seems to be the best fit as it covers political leaders and those active in party politics generally, which fits the context of people in power who influence educational policy alongside the media and educational establishment.

Wait, let me reconsider the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=politician%1:18:01::
2. sense_key=politician%1:18:00::
3. sense_key=politician%1:18:02::

So:
- Index 1: leader engaged in civil administration
- Index 2: person active in party politics (with synonyms politico, pol, political leader)
- Index 3: schemer

Given the context mentions "our politicians" alongside "our media" and "our educational establishment," this refers to political figures generally. The sense "a person active in party politics" or "political leader" (sense 2) seems most appropriate.

However, I should check if there's any indication of the derogatory sense (sense 3). The text mentions "cherished vested interests" and that challenging these beliefs seems "almost blasphemous." This suggests a critique of the political class, but not necessarily that they are "schemers" in the sense of being sly or underhanded. The critique is about holding wrong beliefs and having vested interests, not about scheming behavior.

Therefore, sense 2 (index 2) is the best choice.

Actually, looking at WordNet:
- politician%1:18:00:: is usually the first sense - a person active in party politics
- politician%1:18:01:: is usually a leader engaged in civil administration
- politician%1:18:02:: is the schemer

But the user has listed them as:
1. politician%1:18:01:: (civil administration)
2. politician%1:18:00:: (party politics)
3. politician%1:18:02:: (schemer)

So I need to return the index number as listed (1, 2, or 3).

Given the context, sense 2 (the one with synonyms politico, pol, political leader - person active in party politics) fits best.

The context is talking about how beliefs dominate various sectors of society including politicians. This refers to political figures generally - those active in politics.

Final decision: sense_index 2


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: even
Target surface form: even
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and <t>even</t> our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "even" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and <t>even</t> our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."
 - The structure suggests "even" is being used to emphasize that the domination extends to parents, which might be unexpected or noteworthy.
 - It's listing groups: educational establishment, media, politicians, and then "even parents" - suggesting parents are the least expected or most surprising group to be included in this domination.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
    - This fits well. The use of "even" here emphasizes that parents (who might be expected to be more independent or resistant) are also dominated by these beliefs. It indicates something unexpected or emphasizes the extent.

 2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
    - This is used for concessive clauses ("even when", "even though"). The context doesn't show this concessive meaning.

 3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
    - This is for comparative contexts (worse, more interesting). The sentence isn't comparing degrees of domination, but rather adding an unexpected element to a list.

 4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death
    - This is archaic/poetic usage ("even unto"). Not applicable here.

 The best fit is sense 1: "used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected". The word "even" here intensifies the statement by indicating that the domination reaches our parents, which might be unexpected (parents are usually seen as separate from establishments/media/politicians, or as having their own minds).

 The structure "A, B, C, and even D" is classic for sense 1, where D is the most surprising or extreme case.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our <t>parents</t> that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "parents" in the given context.

 Target lemma: parent
 Target surface form: parents
 Context: The text discusses education, children, teaching, and mentions "our parents" in the context of educational establishment, media, politicians, and parents sharing certain metaphysical beliefs about human nature.

 Candidate senses:
 1. parent%1:18:00:: - a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
 2. parent%1:03:00:: - an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

 Analysis:
 - The context is about teaching children, education, human nature, and society (educational establishment, media, politicians).
 - The phrase "our parents" refers to human parents (fathers and mothers) in the context of raising children and education.
 - Sense 1 refers to human parents (father or mother).
 - Sense 2 refers to biological organisms in general (plants or animals), which is a more technical/scientific usage.

 In this context, "parents" clearly refers to human mothers and fathers who raise children, not biological organisms in general. The text is discussing education, children, and society, which points to the human social role of parenting.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00::
 2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00::

 So the index would be 1 for the first sense.

 Let me double-check:
 - The context mentions "teach our children" - this is about human education.
 - "our parents" - refers to the parents of the children being discussed, or parents in general as a social group.
 - This is definitely sense 1 (human parent), not sense 2 (organism).

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seem
Target surface form: seems
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it <t>seems</t> almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "seems" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it <t>seems</t> almost blasphemous to challenge them."

 The structure here is: "it seems [adjective phrase] to [verb phrase]"
 Specifically: "it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them"

 This is an impersonal construction where "it" is the subject, and "seems" is followed by an adjective ("blasphemous") describing the nature of challenging these beliefs.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
    - This sense is about giving an impression or having an outward aspect.
    - Examples show "seems to be sleeping" (state) and "appears to be a difficult problem" (classification)
    - In our context, "it seems almost blasphemous" - this fits the pattern of giving an impression about the nature of something.

 2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
    - This sense typically takes "that" clauses: "It seems that..."
    - Our context doesn't have a "that" clause, it has "it seems [adjective]"

 3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
    - This is the existential sense with "there seems..."
    - Our context uses "it seems..." not "there seems..."

 4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters
    - This is about personal perception: "I seem..."
    - Our context is impersonal: "it seems..."

 Looking at the specific construction "it seems almost blasphemous", this is describing the impression given by the situation - that challenging these beliefs gives the impression of being blasphemous.

 Sense 1 (seem%2:39:00::) covers "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect". The examples include "She seems to be sleeping" and "This appears to be a very difficult problem".

 However, looking more carefully at sense 1 vs sense 2:

 Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" - this is about appearance/look.
 Sense 2: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" - this is about epistemic modality (appearing to be the case).

 The example for sense 2 is "It seems that he is very gifted" - this is about the truth/probability of a proposition.

 But our sentence is "it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them". This is saying that challenging them gives the impression of being blasphemous, or appears to be blasphemous.

 Actually, looking at WordNet more carefully (in my knowledge base):
 - seem%2:39:00:: is the general "appear to be" sense
 - seem%2:39:01:: is specifically for "it seems that..." constructions (impersonal with clause)
 - seem%2:39:02:: is for personal experience "I seem to..."

 But wait, let me reconsider the examples given in the prompt:

 Sense 1 examples: "She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem"
 Sense 2 examples: "It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad"

 The key difference is:
 - Sense 1 takes infinitive complements: "seems to be sleeping", "appears to be a difficult problem"
 - Sense 2 takes "that" clauses: "seems that he is very gifted"

 In our target sentence: "it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them"
 This has the structure: "it seems [adjective] [infinitive phrase]"
 This is equivalent to "it seems to be almost blasphemous to challenge them" (with "to be" omitted or implied).

 This matches the pattern of Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" with the structure [subject] seems [to be/to verb/adjective].

 Actually, looking at the specific wording: "it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them" - this can be parsed as "it seems [that challenging them is almost blasphemous]" or "challenging them seems almost blasphemous" (with extraposition).

 But the key is that "seems" here is describing the impression/appearance of the act of challenging these beliefs.

 Sense 1 is the most general sense of appearing to have a certain quality.
 Sense 2 is specifically about truth/probability with "that" clauses.
 Sense 3 is existential.
 Sense 4 is personal.

 The sentence "it seems almost blasphemous" is saying that the act appears to have the quality of being blasphemous. This fits Sense 1.

 However, I should double-check if Sense 2 could apply. Sense 2 examples show "It seems that..." which is about the truth of a proposition. While "it seems blasphemous" could be interpreted as "it seems that it is blasphemous", the specific syntactic pattern in the examples suggests Sense 2 is reserved for "that" clauses or similar propositional content.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet distinctions:
 - seem.v.01 (seem%2:39:00::): "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" - covers "seem happy", "seem to be", "appear"
 - seem.v.02 (seem%2:39:01::): "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" - covers "It seems that...", "There seems to be..."
 - seem.v.03 (seem%2:42:00::): "appear to exist" - "There seems no reason..."
 - seem.v.04 (seem%2:39:02::): "appear to one's own mind or opinion" - "I seem to be..."

 In the sentence "it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them", we have extraposition. The underlying structure is "[to challenge them] seems almost blasphemous" or "challenging them seems almost blasphemous".

 This is clearly Sense 1: giving the impression of being blasphemous.

 The answer should be sense_index: 1.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00::
 2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01::
 3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00::
 4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02::

 So if I choose the first one, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me verify once more:
 - "it seems almost blasphemous" = it gives the impression of being almost blasphemous
 - This matches "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect"
 - Synonyms: look, appear
 - Example: "She seems to be sleeping" (similar structure: subject + seems + to be + adjective/participle)

 Yes, Sense 1 is correct.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blasphemous
Target surface form: blasphemous
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost <t>blasphemous</t> to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blasphemous%5:00:00:irreverent:00 | definition=grossly irreverent toward what is held to be sacred | synonyms=profane, sacrilegious | examples=blasphemous rites of a witches' Sabbath; profane utterances against the Church
2. sense_key=blasphemous%5:00:00:dirty:02 | definition=characterized by profanity or cursing | synonyms=blue, profane | examples=foul-mouthed and blasphemous; blue language

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "blasphemous" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses how certain metaphysical beliefs about human nature dominate educational establishment, media, politicians, and parents
 - It says it seems "almost blasphemous" to challenge these beliefs
 - The implication is that challenging these beliefs is treated as if it were an act of disrespect toward something sacred or holy (in this case, the "cherished metaphysical beliefs")

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 Sense 1: "grossly irreverent toward what is held to be sacred" - synonyms: profane, sacrilegious
 - This fits because the context suggests that challenging these beliefs is treated like being irreverent toward something sacred (the beliefs are described as "cherished" and dominant, suggesting they are treated almost as sacred truths)

 Sense 2: "characterized by profanity or cursing" - synonyms: blue, profane
 - This refers to vulgar language, cursing, foul-mouthed speech
 - The context doesn't mention anything about cursing, profanity, or foul language
 - The context is about challenging beliefs/ideas, not about using curse words

 The context is clearly about treating certain beliefs as if they were sacred/religious doctrines, and challenging them would be seen as sacrilege or blasphemy in the sense of being irreverent toward what is held sacred (even if metaphorically sacred).

 Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: challenge
Target surface form: challenge
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to <t>challenge</t> them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=challenge%2:32:01:: | definition=take exception to | synonyms=dispute, gainsay | examples=She challenged his claims
2. sense_key=challenge%2:32:00:: | definition=issue a challenge to | examples=Fischer challenged Spassky to a match
3. sense_key=challenge%2:32:03:: | definition=ask for identification | examples=The illegal immigrant was challenged by the border guard
4. sense_key=challenge%2:32:02:: | definition=raise a formal objection in a court of law | synonyms=take exception

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "challenge" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses why we don't teach children effectively
- It mentions that effective education would require relinquishing cherished metaphysical beliefs
- These beliefs dominate various institutions
- It seems "almost blasphemous to challenge them"
- The example following suggests challenging beliefs/claims

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=challenge%2:32:01:: | definition=take exception to | synonyms=dispute, gainsay | examples=She challenged his claims
   - This seems to fit: challenging beliefs/claims means disputing them or taking exception to them

2. sense_key=challenge%2:32:00:: | definition=issue a challenge to | examples=Fischer challenged Spassky to a match
   - This is about issuing a challenge to compete, doesn't fit the context of challenging beliefs

3. sense_key=challenge%2:32:03:: | definition=ask for identification | examples=The illegal immigrant was challenged by the border guard
   - This is about demanding ID, clearly doesn't fit

4. sense_key=challenge%2:32:02:: | definition=raise a formal objection in a court of law | synonyms=take exception
   - This is specifically about legal objections in court, while the context is about challenging beliefs/ideas in general discourse, not legal proceedings

The context is about challenging (disputing, questioning) metaphysical beliefs and vested interests. The example sentence in sense 1 "She challenged his claims" matches perfectly - the beliefs/claims are being disputed.

Sense 4 mentions "take exception" which is similar, but specifies "in a court of law" which is too specific for this general discourse context.

Sense 1 (challenge%2:32:01::) with definition "take exception to" and synonyms "dispute, gainsay" is the best fit for challenging beliefs/metaphysical assumptions in an argumentative/educational context.

The target is "challenge" in the phrase "to challenge them" referring back to the beliefs.

So the answer should be sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: Here
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. <t>Here</t> is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "here" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:

 The text discusses why we can't teach children to read, write, and reckon. It mentions that it's not because we don't know how, but because we don't want to, due to cherished metaphysical beliefs. Then it says: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. <t>Here</t> is an example."

 The sentence "Here is an example" is introducing an example that illustrates the point just made about beliefs dominating educational establishment.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
    - This is the spatial/locative sense, referring to a physical location.

 2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
    - This seems to be a more abstract, discourse-related sense. "Here is an example" fits this pattern - it's introducing something in this context/circumstance.

 3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
    - This is directional, movement toward the speaker.

 4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon
    - This is temporal.

 In the sentence "Here is an example", the word "here" is not referring to a physical place (sense 1), nor is it indicating movement toward the speaker (sense 3), nor is it referring to time (sense 4).

 It is being used to introduce an example in the current discourse/context. This matches sense 2: "in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail".

 The example given for sense 2 includes "what do we have here?" and "here I must disagree". The usage "Here is an example" is similar to these - it's pointing to the current point in the discourse or argument.

 Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet senses for "here":

 Sense 1: in or at this place (spatial)
 Sense 2: in this circumstance or respect (abstract/discourse)
 Sense 3: to this place (directional)
 Sense 4: at this time (temporal)

 "Here is an example" is definitely sense 2. It's introducing an example at this point in the discourse/argument.

 Wait, let me double-check. In "Here is an example", is "here" functioning as:
 - A spatial deictic? No, it's not pointing to a physical location.
 - A temporal deictic? No, it's not saying "now is an example".
 - A discourse deictic? Yes, it's pointing to the following text as an example of what was just discussed.

 So sense 2 is correct: "in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail".

 The index for sense 2 is: here%4:02:02::

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: example
Target surface form: example
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an <t>example</t>. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=example%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=illustration, instance, representative | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10
2. sense_key=example%1:09:02:: | definition=a representative form or pattern | synonyms=model | examples=I profited from his example
3. sense_key=example%1:09:01:: | definition=something to be imitated | synonyms=exemplar, model, good example | examples=an exemplar of success; a model of clarity
4. sense_key=example%1:10:00:: | definition=punishment intended as a warning to others | synonyms=deterrent example, lesson, object lesson | examples=they decided to make an example of him
5. sense_key=example%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=case, instance | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
6. sense_key=example%1:04:00:: | definition=a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding | synonyms=exercise | examples=you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "example" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses why we can't teach children effectively, mentioning metaphysical beliefs and vested interests.
 - It says: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment... that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an <t>example</t>."
 - Then it presents a specific scenario: asking American parents if they want schools to encourage creativity.

 So the word "example" here is introducing a specific instance or illustration of the general point being made about beliefs dominating educational establishment.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=example%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=illustration, instance, representative | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10

 2. sense_key=example%1:09:02:: | definition=a representative form or pattern | synonyms=model | examples=I profited from his example

 3. sense_key=example%1:09:01:: | definition=something to be imitated | synonyms=exemplar, model, good example | examples=an exemplar of success; a model of clarity

 4. sense_key=example%1:10:00:: | definition=punishment intended as a warning to others | synonyms=deterrent example, lesson, object lesson | examples=they decided to make an example of him

 5. sense_key=example%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=case, instance | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday

 6. sense_key=example%1:04:00:: | definition=a task performed or problem solved in order to develop skill or understanding | synonyms=exercise | examples=you must work the examples at the end of each chapter in the textbook

 Analysis:
 - The context is presenting a specific instance/illustration of the general claim about educational beliefs.
 - It's not a model to be imitated (sense 3).
 - It's not a punishment (sense 4).
 - It's not just an occurrence (sense 5) - it's specifically illustrative.
 - It's not an exercise (sense 6).
 - It's not necessarily a "representative form or pattern" in the sense of a model (sense 2).

 Sense 1 fits best: "an item of information that is typical of a class or group" with synonyms illustration, instance, representative. The text is providing an illustration/instance of the phenomenon being discussed.

 The phrase "Here is an example" introduces a specific case that illustrates the general point about beliefs dominating education.

 So the best sense is sense 1 (index 1).

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=example%1:09:00::
 2. sense_key=example%1:09:02::
 3. sense_key=example%1:09:01::
 4. sense_key=example%1:10:00::
 5. sense_key=example%1:11:00::
 6. sense_key=example%1:04:00::

 So sense 1 is the first one listed.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys:
 - example%1:09:00:: is usually the first sense (an item of information...)
 - example%1:09:02:: is usually the "model" sense
 - example%1:09:01:: is usually the "exemplar" sense
 - etc.

 But the user has numbered them 1-6, so I should return the index number (1-6) that corresponds to the best sense.

 The context: "Here is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents..."

 This is clearly introducing an illustrative case or instance. This matches sense 1: "an item of information that is typical of a class or group" with synonyms illustration, instance, representative.

 Sense 5 ("an occurrence of something") is close but more general. Sense 1 specifically captures the illustrative nature - it's an example meant to illustrate the point about beliefs dominating education.

 Actually, looking at sense 5: "an occurrence of something" with synonyms case, instance. This could also fit, as the scenario described is an occurrence/case.

 But sense 1 emphasizes that it's "typical of a class or group" and is an "item of information" - which fits better because the author is using this specific scenario to illustrate a general pattern (the dominance of certain beliefs).

 The examples for sense 1 include: "this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome" - which is analogous to "here is an example [of the phenomenon I just described]".

 The examples for sense 5 include: "it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday" - which is more about events happening.

 So sense 1 is better.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ask
Target surface form: ask
Context:
It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example. If I were to <t>ask</t> a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "But what do we mean, specifically, by "creativity "?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ask%2:32:00:: | definition=inquire about | synonyms=inquire, enquire | examples=I asked about their special today; He had to ask directions several times
2. sense_key=ask%2:32:01:: | definition=make a request or demand for something to somebody | examples=She asked him for a loan
3. sense_key=ask%2:32:02:: | definition=direct or put; seek an answer to | examples=ask a question
4. sense_key=ask%2:32:05:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=require, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
5. sense_key=ask%2:32:04:: | definition=address a question to and expect an answer from | examples=Ask your teacher about trigonometry; The children asked me about their dead grandmother
6. sense_key=ask%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, postulate, need, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
7. sense_key=ask%2:32:09:: | definition=require or ask for as a price or condition | examples=He is asking $200 for the table; The kidnappers are asking a million dollars in return for the release of their hostage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ask" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- "If I were to ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children?'"
- The speaker is posing a question to parents and expecting an answer.
- The structure is: ask [indirect object] [direct object/question]

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. ask%2:32:00:: - inquire about (synonyms: inquire, enquire)
   - Examples: "I asked about their special today", "He had to ask directions several times"
   - This is inquiring ABOUT something. But in our context, the structure is "ask a sample of American parents [question]" - it's not just "ask about", it's addressing a question to someone.

2. ask%2:32:01:: - make a request or demand for something to somebody
   - Examples: "She asked him for a loan"
   - This is asking FOR something, requesting. Not matching.

3. ask%2:32:02:: - direct or put; seek an answer to
   - Examples: "ask a question"
   - This is close. "Ask a question" fits. But in the context, it's "ask a sample of American parents [question]" - there's an addressee.

4. ask%2:32:05:: - consider obligatory; request and expect
   - Examples: "We require our secretary...", "Aren't we asking too much..."
   - Not matching.

5. ask%2:32:04:: - address a question to and expect an answer from
   - Examples: "Ask your teacher about trigonometry", "The children asked me about their dead grandmother"
   - This matches very well. The structure is "ask [person] [question]" or "ask [person] about [topic]". In the context: "ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish...'" - addressing a question to parents and expecting an answer.

6. ask%2:42:00:: - require as useful, just, or proper
   - This is a different syntactic category (2:42 vs 2:32). Not matching.

7. ask%2:32:09:: - require or ask for as a price or condition
   - Examples: asking $200 for the table. Not matching.

Now comparing sense 3 and sense 5:
- Sense 3: "direct or put; seek an answer to" - example "ask a question". This is more about the act of asking the question itself, often without specifying the addressee in the example.
- Sense 5: "address a question to and expect an answer from" - examples show asking a person (teacher, me).

In the context, the speaker is addressing a specific group ("a sample of American parents") with a question. Sense 5 specifically mentions "address a question to and expect an answer from" which fits the ditransitive structure "ask someone something".

Sense 1 "inquire about" could be close but usually takes "ask about" or is used intransitively. The example "I asked about their special today" shows asking ABOUT something, not asking someone a question directly.

The context: "ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish...'" clearly involves addressing the question to the parents. Therefore sense 5 (index 5) is the best fit.

Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=ask%2:32:00::
2. sense_key=ask%2:32:01::
3. sense_key=ask%2:32:02::
4. sense_key=ask%2:32:05::
5. sense_key=ask%2:32:04::
6. sense_key=ask%2:42:00::
7. sense_key=ask%2:32:09::

So sense 5 in the list is ask%2:32:04:: (address a question to and expect an answer from).

Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys, the order seems a bit odd (05 comes before 04 in the list), but I need to return the index in the candidate list, not the WordNet offset.

The candidate numbered 5 is:
5. sense_key=ask%2:32:04:: | definition=address a question to and expect an answer from

Yes, this is the one.

Let me verify once more:
- "If I were to ask a sample of American parents, 'Do you wish...'"
- This is directly addressing a question to a group of people.
- Sense 5 definition: "address a question to and expect an answer from"
- Example: "Ask your teacher about trigonometry" - very similar structure.

Sense 3: "direct or put; seek an answer to" - example "ask a question". This is more general and doesn't emphasize the addressee as much. While "ask a question" is related, the specific context of asking a specific group of people aligns better with sense 5.

Therefore, the answer is index 5.