[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basis
Target surface form: basis
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the <t>basis</t> for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basis%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, ground | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
2. sense_key=basis%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
3. sense_key=basis%1:24:01:: | definition=the most important or necessary part of something | synonyms=base | examples=the basis of this drink is orange juice

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "basis" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "The text, which could provide the <t>basis</t> for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases..."
 - The text (document) is providing a foundation or starting point for a final political deal.
 - It's about providing the underlying support or foundation upon which something (the deal) can be built.

 Candidate sense analysis:

 1. sense_key=basis%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, ground | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
    - This sense seems to be about the condition or state of a relationship (footing) or the manner in which something is done (interim basis).
    - Examples suggest "on a ... basis" usage (e.g., "on a friendly footing", "on an interim basis").
    - In our context, "provide the basis for" doesn't fit the "footing" meaning as well.

 2. sense_key=basis%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
    - This sense is about fundamental assumptions, principles, or foundations from which something is developed.
    - Synonyms include foundation, groundwork, cornerstone.
    - The example "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture" shows it as the underlying support/reasoning.
    - In our context, the text provides the foundation/groundwork for a political deal. This fits well with "fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed."

 3. sense_key=basis%1:24:01:: | definition=the most important or necessary part of something | synonyms=base | examples=the basis of this drink is orange juice
    - This is about the main ingredient or component (like orange juice in a drink).
    - While the text is important, it's not exactly the "main ingredient" of the deal in the same way.
    - This sense is more about composition (what something is made of), whereas sense 2 is about foundation/starting point for development.

 Comparing sense 2 and sense 1:
 - Sense 1 (1:24:00) is often used in phrases like "on a regular basis", "on a temporary basis", referring to the manner or condition.
 - Sense 2 (1:09:00) is about the underlying foundation, principles, or assumptions.
 - The phrase "provide the basis for" typically aligns with sense 2 - providing the foundation or groundwork for something to be developed.

 In the context: "provide the basis for a final political deal" - the text is serving as the foundation/groundwork/cornerstone for the deal. This aligns with sense 2.

 The definition of sense 2: "the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained"
 - The text outlines a plan, which provides the fundamental structure/assumptions from which the final deal can be developed.

 Sense 1 would be more like "on a voluntary basis" or "on a friendly basis" - referring to the terms or conditions.

 Therefore, sense 2 (basis%1:09:00::) is the best fit.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indices correctly.
 - basis%1:09:00:: is the second sense listed (index 2 in the candidate list)
 - basis%1:24:00:: is the first sense listed (index 1)
 - basis%1:24:01:: is the third sense listed (index 3)

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

 Let me verify with the examples:
 - Sense 2 example: "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture" - this shows "basis" as the underlying foundation/support.
 - Our context: "provide the basis for a final political deal" - very similar structure, providing the foundation for the deal.

 Yes, sense 2 is correct.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political <t>deal</t> to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "deal" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about a U.N. climate conference in Copenhagen.
- "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political <t>deal</t> to regulate greenhouse gases..."
- This refers to a political agreement between nations/parties to regulate greenhouse gases.
- It's about an agreement fixing obligations (greenhouse gas reductions, burden sharing).

Candidate senses analysis:
1. deal%1:04:02:: - buying or selling, trade, business deal. This is commercial. The context is political, not commercial. So not this one.
2. deal%1:10:00:: - an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each; synonyms=bargain. Examples: "he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals". This fits perfectly: a political agreement between parties (nations) fixing obligations (greenhouse gas reductions).
3. deal%1:23:00:: - a large number or amount. Doesn't fit grammatically or semantically ("a final political deal" is not a quantity).
4. deal%1:27:00:: - plank of softwood. Irrelevant.
5. deal%1:27:01:: - softwood. Irrelevant.
6. deal%1:14:00:: - cards in a card game. Irrelevant.
7. deal%1:11:00:: - type of treatment received (especially as result of an agreement). Example: "he got a good deal on his car". This refers to the terms/outcome one receives. But here it's "a final political deal" as the agreement itself, not the treatment received.
8. deal%1:04:00:: - act of distributing playing cards. Irrelevant.
9. deal%1:04:01:: - act of apportioning or distributing something. Could be somewhat related to apportioning burden, but "final political deal" refers to the agreement document/outcome, not the act of apportioning.

Sense 2 is clearly the best fit: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each". The context explicitly mentions a document outlining reductions and burdens, providing basis for a final political agreement.

The user wants only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. Note that the index should correspond to the candidate sense number. Sense 2 is the second one in the list. So {"sense_index": 2}.

Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The candidates are numbered 1 through 9. I need to return the index of the chosen sense. Sense 2 is the correct one.

Let me verify sense 7 vs sense 2. Sense 7: "the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement)". Example: "he got a good deal on his car". This is like "a good deal" meaning favorable terms. But the phrase here is "a final political deal", which is the agreement itself, not the treatment received. Also, sense 2's definition explicitly mentions "an agreement between parties... fixing obligations of each", which matches the context of nations agreeing on greenhouse gas reductions and burden sharing.

Therefore, the answer is {"sense_index": 2}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: SiliconFlow

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obstacle
Target surface form: obstacles
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining <t>obstacles</t> as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obstacle%1:09:00:: | definition=something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted | synonyms=obstruction | examples=lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement; the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education
2. sense_key=obstacle%1:06:00:: | definition=an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "obstacles" in the given context.

Target lemma: obstacle
Target surface form: obstacles
Context: U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions... highlighted the remaining <t>obstacles</t> as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obstacle%1:09:00:: | definition=something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted | synonyms=obstruction | examples=lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement; the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education
2. sense_key=obstacle%1:06:00:: | definition=an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented)

Let me analyze the context. The text is about a U.N. climate conference and a document outlining greenhouse-gas reductions. The sentence says: "The text... highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward."

What kind of obstacles are these? In the context of international climate negotiations, "obstacles" refer to difficulties, disagreements, political barriers, or immaterial challenges that stand in the way of reaching an agreement. These are not physical objects or concrete obstructions. They are abstract/immaterial things like political disagreements, differing national interests, lack of consensus, etc.

Sense 1: something immaterial that stands in the way (e.g., lack of imagination, poverty)
Sense 2: an obstruction that stands in the way (physical/concrete obstruction)

Given that this is about diplomatic/political negotiations, the obstacles are immaterial - they are disagreements, challenges, barriers in the process. This aligns with sense 1 (obstacle%1:09:00::), which is the immaterial sense.

Wait, let me double-check WordNet noun lexicographer file numbers:
- 1:09 -> noun.cognition (cognitive processes and contents) or noun.communication? Actually 1:09 is noun.cognition? Let me recall: WordNet lexicographer files: noun.Tops (03), noun.act (04), noun.animal (05), noun.artifact (06), noun.attribute (07), noun.body (08), noun.cognition (09), noun.communication (10), noun.event (11), etc.

Actually:
- 1:06 is noun.artifact (physical objects)
- 1:09 is noun.cognition? Wait, no. Let me think carefully.

WordNet lexicographer file numbers:
03 noun.Tops
04 noun.act
05 noun.animal
06 noun.artifact
07 noun.attribute
08 noun.body
09 noun.cognition
10 noun.communication
11 noun.event
12 noun.feeling
13 noun.food
14 noun.group
15 noun.location
16 noun.motive
17 noun.object
18 noun.person
19 noun.phenomenon
20 noun.plant
21 noun.possession
22 noun.process
23 noun.quantity
24 noun.relation
25 noun.shape
26 noun.state
27 noun.substance
28 noun.time

Wait, but the sense keys given are:
- obstacle%1:09:00:: -> noun.cognition? But "obstacle" as something immaterial... actually noun.cognition seems odd. Let me reconsider.

Actually, looking at the definition for sense 1: "something immaterial that stands in the way" - this could be noun.cognition or noun.state or noun.attribute? But the lexicographer file is 09.

Wait, I should check: obstacle in WordNet 3.0:
- obstacle (n)
  - S: (n) obstacle, obstruction (something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted) "lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement"; "the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education"; "the filibuster was a major obstruction to the success of their plan"
  - S: (n) obstacle (an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented))

Actually, looking up WordNet 3.0:
- obstacle%1:06:00:: - "an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented)" - this is the physical object sense (artifact/object).
- obstacle%1:09:00:: - "something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted" - this is the abstract sense.

Wait, is 1:09 noun.cognition? Let me verify the lexicographer file mapping. Actually, I think 1:09 might be noun.cognition. But "obstacle" as an immaterial thing could be in noun.cognition? Or maybe noun.state? Hmm.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet 3.0 data:
The synset offset for "obstacle" (immaterial) might be in noun.cognition. But regardless, the distinction is clear:
- Sense 1 (1:09): immaterial/abstract (cognitive/communication/state related)
- Sense 2 (1:06): physical/material (artifact/object)

In the context: "highlighted the remaining obstacles" in a climate negotiation document. These obstacles are clearly abstract challenges: political disagreements, economic concerns, differing targets, etc. They are not physical barriers like walls or rocks.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

The user wants only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

Wait, the instructions say: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I should return {"sense_index": 1} since sense 1 is the immaterial one.

Let me re-read the candidate senses to make sure I have the indexing right:
1. sense_key=obstacle%1:09:00:: | definition=something immaterial...
2. sense_key=obstacle%1:06:00:: | definition=an obstruction...

Yes, sense 1 is the immaterial one. The context is about diplomatic/political obstacles (immaterial), so index 1.

Double-check: Could these be physical obstacles? No, the text is about a document outlining greenhouse-gas reductions and negotiations. The "remaining obstacles" are clearly figurative/abstract barriers to reaching an agreement.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: path
Target surface form: path
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a <t>path</t> forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=path%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=way, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
2. sense_key=path%1:06:00:: | definition=a way especially designed for a particular use
3. sense_key=path%1:15:00:: | definition=an established line of travel or access | synonyms=route, itinerary
4. sense_key=path%1:17:00:: | definition=a line or route along which something travels or moves | synonyms=track, course | examples=the hurricane demolished houses in its path; the track of an animal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "path" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a <t>path</t> forward."

Here, "path" is used metaphorically to mean a course of action or a way to proceed forward in the negotiations. It's about a course of conduct or a way of proceeding.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=path%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=way, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
   - This seems to fit well. "Path forward" in the context of negotiations refers to a course of conduct or a way to proceed. The example "the path of virtue" shows a metaphorical use similar to "path forward" in negotiations.

2. sense_key=path%1:06:00:: | definition=a way especially designed for a particular use
   - This is a physical path (like a bike path, footpath). The context is clearly metaphorical about political negotiations, not a physical way.

3. sense_key=path%1:15:00:: | definition=an established line of travel or access | synonyms=route, itinerary
   - This is more about physical travel or access routes. While "path forward" could be metaphorical, this sense is more concrete (like a route on a map). The example context of a political deal suggests a course of conduct rather than a physical route.

4. sense_key=path%1:17:00:: | definition=a line or route along which something travels or moves | synonyms=track, course | examples=the hurricane demolished houses in its path; the track of an animal
   - This is about the trajectory of something moving (like a hurricane, animal). Not appropriate here.

So sense 1 is the best fit. "Path" here means a course of conduct or way of proceeding. The phrase "path forward" in diplomatic/political contexts typically refers to a course of action or conduct going forward.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 3 vs sense 1. Sense 3 is "an established line of travel or access" with synonyms route, itinerary. Could "path forward" be a metaphorical route? In WSD, metaphorical extensions often map to the abstract sense. The example "path of virtue" in sense 1 is very similar to the metaphorical use here. Also, "way of life" and "course of conduct" strongly suggest the abstract, action-oriented meaning.

Sense 1 (path%1:04:00::) is under noun.artifact? No, let me check WordNet lexicographer file names. 1:04 is noun.act (acts or actions). Actually, WordNet sense keys: path%1:04:00:: - the "04" usually corresponds to noun.act? Let me recall: in WordNet, the lexicographer file numbers are:
- 03: noun.animal
- 04: noun.artifact? No, wait.
Actually, the second number in the sense key is the lexicographer file number. Let me recall:
- 00: adj.all
- 01: adj.pert
- 02: adv.all
- 03: noun.Tops (unique beginner for nouns)
- 04: noun.act
- 05: noun.animal
- 06: noun.artifact
- 07: noun.attribute
- 08: noun.body
- 09: noun.cognition
- 10: noun.communication
- 11: noun.event
- 12: noun.feeling
- 13: noun.food
- 14: noun.group
- 15: noun.location
- 16: noun.motive
- 17: noun.object
- 18: noun.person
- 19: noun.phenomenon
- 20: noun.plant
- 21: noun.possession
- 22: noun.process
- 23: noun.quantity
- 24: noun.relation
- 25: noun.shape
- 26: noun.state
- 27: noun.substance
- 28: noun.time
- 29: verb.body
- etc.

Wait, let me verify:
path%1:04:00:: -> noun.act (acts or actions)
path%1:06:00:: -> noun.artifact? No, 06 is noun.artifact? Actually:
- 03: noun.Tops
- 04: noun.act
- 05: noun.animal
- 06: noun.artifact
- 07: noun.attribute
- 08: noun.body
- 09: noun.cognition
- 10: noun.communication
- 11: noun.event
- 12: noun.feeling
- 13: noun.food
- 14: noun.group
- 15: noun.location
- 16: noun.motive
- 17: noun.object
- 18: noun.person
- 19: noun.phenomenon
- 20: noun.plant
- 21: noun.possession
- 22: noun.process
- 23: noun.quantity
- 24: noun.relation
- 25: noun.shape
- 26: noun.state
- 27: noun.substance
- 28: noun.time

Wait, that doesn't seem right. Let me think again. Actually, I think:
- 03: noun.Tops
- 04: noun.act
- 05: noun.animal
- 06: noun.artifact
- 07: noun.attribute
- 08: noun.body
- 09: noun.cognition
- 10: noun.communication
- 11: noun.event
- 12: noun.feeling
- 13: noun.food
- 14: noun.group
- 15: noun.location
- 16: noun.motive
- 17: noun.object
- 18: noun.person
- 19: noun.phenomenon
- 20: noun.plant
- 21: noun.possession
- 22: noun.process
- 23: noun.quantity
- 24: noun.relation
- 25: noun.shape
- 26: noun.state
- 27: noun.substance
- 28: noun.time
- 29: verb.body
- 30: verb.change
- 31: verb.cognition
- 32: verb.communication
- 33: verb.competition
- 34: verb.consumption
- 35: verb.contact
- 36: verb.creation
- 37: verb.emotion
- 38: verb.motion
- 39: verb.perception
- 40: verb.possession
- 41: verb.social
- 42: verb.stative
- 43: verb.weather
- 44: adj.ppl

But the user lists:
1. path%1:04:00:: (noun.act) - a course of conduct
2. path%1:06:00:: (noun.artifact?) - a way especially designed... wait, a path is a physical thing, so maybe 06 is noun.artifact? Actually, looking at the definition "a way especially designed for a particular use" - this sounds like a physical path (like a bicycle path). But is that noun.artifact? Or noun.object? Let me not get hung up on the numbers. The definitions are what matter.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
- path#1: a course of conduct; "the path of virtue"; "we went our separate ways" (noun.act)
- path#2: a way especially designed for a particular use (noun.artifact)
- path#3: an established line of travel or access; "the bus route" (noun.location? or noun.communication? No, usually noun.location or noun.artifact... but the user says 1:15:00 which would be noun.location? Actually 15 is noun.location. But "route" is often noun.location. Hmm.)
- path#4: a line or route along which something travels or moves; "the hurricane demolished houses in its path" (noun.object? 1:17:00)

Wait, the user's sense 3 is path%1:15:00::. If 15 is noun.location, then "an established line of travel or access" as a location makes sense. But in the context of "illuminate a path forward" in a political deal, it's clearly not a physical location.

Sense 1 is definitely the abstract, metaphorical sense meaning "course of conduct". The phrase "path forward" is extremely common in political and business contexts to mean "a course of action for future progress". This aligns perfectly with sense 1.

Therefore, the answer is sense_index: 1.

I need to return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advance
Target surface form: advance
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important <t>advance</t> in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advance%1:11:00:: | definition=a movement forward | synonyms=progress, progression | examples=he listened for the progress of the troops
2. sense_key=advance%1:11:01:: | definition=a change for the better; progress in development | synonyms=improvement, betterment
3. sense_key=advance%1:10:00:: | definition=a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others | synonyms=overture, approach, feeler | examples=she rejected his advances
4. sense_key=advance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) | synonyms=progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion
5. sense_key=advance%1:21:00:: | definition=an amount paid before it is earned | synonyms=cash advance
6. sense_key=advance%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=rise | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "advance" in the given context. I need to choose the best sense from the candidate senses provided.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about a U.N. climate conference
 - There was a document released outlining greenhouse-gas reductions
 - The text was seen as an "important advance" in a negotiation that is running out of time
 - The word "advance" is used to describe progress in the negotiation process

 Now let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=advance%1:11:00:: | definition=a movement forward | synonyms=progress, progression | examples=he listened for the progress of the troops
    - This is a general movement forward, could be physical or metaphorical.

 2. sense_key=advance%1:11:01:: | definition=a change for the better; progress in development | synonyms=improvement, betterment
    - This implies improvement or betterment, not just movement.

 3. sense_key=advance%1:10:00:: | definition=a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others | synonyms=overture, approach, feeler | examples=she rejected his advances
    - This is about making an approach or proposition to someone.

 4. sense_key=advance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) | synonyms=progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion
    - This is an act/event of moving forward toward a goal.

 5. sense_key=advance%1:21:00:: | definition=an amount paid before it is earned | synonyms=cash advance
    - Financial meaning, clearly not relevant here.

 6. sense_key=advance%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=rise | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market
    - Financial/stock market meaning, not relevant here.

 Now, the context: "it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation"

 The word "advance" here refers to progress made in the negotiation. It's about moving forward toward a goal (finalizing a climate deal).

 Let's distinguish between senses 1, 2, and 4, as they seem most relevant:

 Sense 1 (advance%1:11:00::): "a movement forward" - noun denoting the movement itself
 Sense 2 (advance%1:11:01::): "a change for the better; progress in development" - emphasizes improvement
 Sense 4 (advance%1:04:00::): "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)" - emphasizes the act/event

 In the sentence: "it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation"

 The word "advance" here is referring to the progress made, the step forward in the negotiation. It's an event/act of moving forward toward the goal of reaching a climate agreement.

 Looking at the glosses:
 - Sense 1: "a movement forward" - this could be it, but it's very general
 - Sense 4: "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)" - this fits well with a negotiation which has a goal

 However, looking at the WordNet structure, sense 1 is typically the "state/result" of advancing (the advancement itself as a thing), while sense 4 is the act/event.

 But wait, let me reconsider the WordNet sense keys:
 - advance%1:11:00:: - this is noun.11 (noun.act? No, WordNet lexicographer file numbers: 11 is noun.act? Let me check... actually, looking at the format: advance%1:11:00:: - the second number is the lexicographer file number.
 - Actually, in WordNet sense keys: %1 indicates noun, then the next number is the lexfile number.
 - 04 = noun.act (acts or actions)
 - 11 = noun.event (events)
 - 10 = noun.communication
 - 21 = noun.possession

 So:
 - Sense 1 (advance%1:11:00::) = noun.event - a movement forward (event)
 - Sense 2 (advance%1:11:01::) = noun.event - a change for the better
 - Sense 4 (advance%1:04:00::) = noun.act - the act of moving forward

 In the context "an important advance in a negotiation", this is referring to the progress made, the step forward. It's describing the release of the document as constituting progress/a step forward.

 Both sense 1 and sense 4 seem plausible. But sense 2 emphasizes "change for the better" which also fits because it's seen as positive ("important").

 However, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1 example: "he listened for the progress of the troops" - this is about literal forward movement
 - Sense 4: synonyms include "progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion" - this seems to be the act of moving forward

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet entries for "advance":
 - advance.n.01: a movement forward (hypernym: change)
 - advance.n.02: a change for the better (hypernym: change)
 - advance.n.03: overture/feeler
 - advance.n.04: progress/advancement (the act of moving forward)
 - advance.n.05: cash advance
 - advance.n.06: rise in price

 In the sentence: "an important advance in a negotiation"

 This is clearly about progress in the negotiation. The question is whether it's sense 1 (movement forward) or sense 2 (change for the better) or sense 4 (act of moving forward).

 Actually, looking at the specific sense keys provided:
 1. advance%1:11:00:: = advance.n.01 in standard WordNet (movement forward)
 2. advance%1:11:01:: = advance.n.02 (change for the better)
 4. advance%1:04:00:: = advance.n.04 (the act of moving forward...)

 In WordNet:
 - advance.n.01: "a movement forward"
 - advance.n.03: "a tentative suggestion..."
 - advance.n.04: "progress, advancement" - "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)"

 But wait, in the list provided, sense 4 is "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)" which corresponds to advance.n.04 in WordNet.

 However, in the context "an important advance", this seems to refer to the result or state of having moved forward, or the event of moving forward, rather than specifically the act.

 But let's look at the phrase: "it was seen as an important advance"
 "It" refers to the release of the document.
 The document represents a step forward/progress.

 In many dictionaries, when we say "an advance in negotiations," we mean progress or a step forward.

 Between sense 1 and sense 4:
 - Sense 1: "a movement forward" - could be physical or abstract movement
 - Sense 4: "the act of moving forward" - emphasizes the action

 Actually, looking at the synonyms:
 - Sense 1: progress, progression
 - Sense 4: progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion

 Both have "progress, progression".

 But sense 4 is explicitly under noun.act (lexfile 04), while sense 1 is under noun.event (lexfile 11).

 In the context "an important advance in a negotiation", we are talking about the negotiation making progress. This is an event or a state of progress.

 However, the phrase "advance in negotiation" typically refers to the progress made, which could be sense 1 or sense 2.

 But sense 2 is "a change for the better; progress in development" with synonyms "improvement, betterment".

 Is the document a "change for the better" or simply "movement forward"? The text says it "gained renewed focus" and was "seen as an important advance". It suggests progress toward the goal.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
 - Sense 1 (advance%1:11:00::) is a hyponym of "change"
 - Sense 4 (advance%1:04:00::) is a hyponym of "change of location" or "motion"? No, it's under "act".

 Wait, let me check the actual WordNet definitions:
 - advance.n.04: "progress, advancement, onward motion, forward motion, procession" - these are all nouns denoting the act of moving forward.

 But "advance" in "an important advance" could be interpreted as:
 1. The result: the state of having advanced (progress made)
 2. The event: the occurrence of moving forward
 3. The act: the action of moving forward

 In the phrase "an important advance in negotiations", it's most commonly understood as "progress" or "improvement".

 Let me look at sense 2 again: "a change for the better; progress in development" - synonyms: improvement, betterment.

 This seems to fit because:
 1. The conference had been characterized by "unruly posturing and mutual recriminations"
 2. It "gained renewed focus"
 3. The document "illuminated a path forward"
 4. It was seen as an "important advance"

 This suggests improvement, not just movement. The situation improved.

 However, sense 1 is "a movement forward" which is more neutral.

 But sense 2 specifically mentions "progress in development" which fits well with "in a negotiation".

 Actually, looking at the definition of sense 2: "a change for the better; progress in development" - this is advance.n.02 in WordNet.

 And sense 1: "a movement forward" - advance.n.01.

 In WordNet, advance.n.02 is specifically for "improvement" senses.

 But wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user provided specific sense keys with specific definitions.

 Let me reconsider sense 4: "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)" with synonyms including "advancement".

 "Advance" and "advancement" are related. "Advancement" often refers to promotion or progress.

 In the context: "an important advance in a negotiation"

 If I look at actual usage, "advance" in diplomatic or negotiation contexts usually means "progress" or "step forward".

 Between sense 1 and sense 4:
 - Sense 1 is a general movement forward (could be troops, could be technology)
 - Sense 4 is specifically the act of moving toward a goal

 In a negotiation, we are moving toward a goal (a final deal). So sense 4 seems appropriate.

 But sense 1 also works.

 However, looking at the examples for sense 1: "he listened for the progress of the troops" - this suggests physical movement.

 For sense 4: no example given, but synonyms include "procession" which is physical.

 Actually, in WordNet:
 - advance.n.01 (movement forward): example is about troops
 - advance.n.04 (act of moving forward): this is the act, not the result

 But in the sentence "it was seen as an important advance", "it" (the document) is the advance, or represents the advance. This is a thing, not an act.

 Actually, the document is a concrete manifestation of the advance. The advance is the progress made.

 I think the best fit is either sense 1 or sense 2.

 Sense 2 emphasizes "change for the better". Given that the conference had been troubled ("unruly posturing", "mutual recriminations") and now gained "renewed focus", this suggests improvement.

 But sense 1 is more general.

 Let me look at the synonyms again:
 - Sense 2: improvement, betterment
 - Sense 1: progress, progression

 In the context, "progress" fits very well: "an important progress in a negotiation".

 But is it "progress" as in sense 1 or sense 4?

 Sense 1: noun.event - "a movement forward"
 Sense 4: noun.act - "the act of moving forward"

 In English, when we say "The document was an advance", we are treating the advance as a thing/event, not explicitly as an act. But acts can be nominalized.

 However, looking at the specific gloss for sense 2: "a change for the better; progress in development"

 The phrase "progress in development" matches the context "advance in a negotiation" very well - a negotiation is a process/developing situation.

 Also, the word "important" suggests that it's beneficial, which aligns with "change for the better".

 But let me check if there's a distinction I'm missing.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
 advance.n.01: a movement forward (hypernym: change)
 advance.n.02: a change for the better; progress in development (hypernym: change)
 advance.n.03: overture, approach, feeler...
 advance.n.04: progress, progression, advancement... the act of moving forward toward a goal

 The key difference between sense 1 and sense 4 is that sense 4 is the ACT, while sense 1 is the EVENT or STATE.

 In "an important advance", it's ambiguous, but given the synonyms "improvement" and "betterment" for sense 2, and the context suggesting that this is a positive development in troubled negotiations, sense 2 seems strong.

 However, sense 1 has "progress" as a synonym, and "advance in negotiations" is very commonly used to mean simply "progress".

 But let's look at the user's note: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."

 Context clues:
 - "negotiation that is running out of time"
 - "gained renewed focus"
 - "important advance"

 This suggests forward movement toward a goal.

 The word "advance" here is synonymous with "progress".

 Both sense 1 and sense 2 have "progress" in their glosses.

 Sense 1: "a movement forward"
 Sense 2: "a change for the better; progress in development"

 Sense 4: "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)" - synonyms include "progress, progression"

 So all three have "progress".

 But sense 4 emphasizes the ACT.

 In the phrase "an important advance", we are referring to the result or the event, not the act per se. The document represents the advance; it is a step forward.

 I think I need to decide between 1 and 2.

 The key is "change for the better". Is the advance necessarily a change for the better? The text says it was "seen as an important advance", and mentions it was "forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group", and talks about obstacles. It seems to be a positive step.

 However, sense 1 is more general and covers any forward movement, while sense 2 specifically requires it to be "for the better".

 In many contexts, "advance" implies improvement, but not always. However, in this specific WordNet inventory, sense 2 is distinct.

 Let me look at the actual usage in the example sentence again: "But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation..."

 If I substitute the synonyms:
 - Sense 1: "an important movement forward" - okay
 - Sense 2: "an important change for the better" - fits well with "important" and the positive tone
 - Sense 4: "an important act of moving forward" - a bit awkward with "an", though possible

 Actually, "an act" works: "it was seen as an important act of moving forward".

 But "advance" as "the act of moving forward" is less common than "advance" as "progress made".

 Actually, looking at WordNet examples and typical usage:
 - "advances in technology" -> usually means improvements (sense 2)
 - "the advance of the troops" -> physical movement (sense 1 or 4)

 In negotiations, "an advance" usually means "progress" in the sense of improvement or step forward.

 I think sense 2 (change for the better) or sense 1 (movement forward) are the top candidates.

 But wait, I should look at the sense numbers provided:
 1. advance%1:11:00::
 2. advance%1:11:01::
 4. advance%1:04:00::

 In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
 - advance.n.01: a movement forward (lexfile 11)
 - advance.n.02: a change for the better (lexfile 11)
 - advance.n.03: overture (lexfile 10)
 - advance.n.04: the act of moving forward (lexfile 04)
 - advance.n.05: cash advance (lexfile 21)
 - advance.n.06: rise in price (lexfile 11? no, probably 04 or 09)

 Actually, looking up WordNet 3.1:
 - advance.n.01: a movement forward (lexid: 1,11)
 - advance.n.02: a change for the better; progress in development (lexid: 1,11)
 - advance.n.03: a tentative suggestion (lexid: 1,10)
 - advance.n.04: the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) (lexid: 1,04)
 - advance.n.05: an amount paid before it is earned (lexid: 1,21)
 - advance.n.06: increase in price or value (lexid: 1,11)

 So sense 6 in my list is advance.n.06, sense 5 is advance.n.05, sense 4 is advance.n.04, sense 3 is advance.n.03, sense 2 is advance.n.02, sense 1 is advance.n.01.

 Now, for "an important advance in a negotiation":

 If it's progress in the sense of development/improvement, that's sense 2.
 If it's just a step forward without necessarily implying betterment, that's sense 1.

 Given that the text mentions the conference had been characterized by "unruly posturing" and now gained "renewed focus", this suggests an improvement in the situation. Therefore, sense 2 seems appropriate.

 However, "advance" in diplomatic contexts is very often just "progress" (sense 1).

 But let me check: the gloss for sense 2 includes "progress in development". A negotiation is a process/developing situation, so "progress in development" fits.

 Also, sense 2 has synonyms "improvement, betterment". The text describes the document as important and providing a path forward, suggesting improvement.

 I think sense 2 is the best choice.

 Wait, I should reconsider sense 4. The gloss is "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)". A negotiation has a goal (a final deal). The document helps move toward that goal. This is "the act of moving forward".

 But "an important advance" - is the advance the act or the result?

 Actually, in "make an advance", it's the act. But here it's "was an advance", suggesting a state or event.

 I think sense 1 or 2 is better than 4.

 Between 1 and 2:
 - Sense 1: "a movement forward"
 - Sense 2: "a change for the better; progress in development"

 The word "progress" appears in both.
 Sense 2 explicitly mentions "development", which fits "in a negotiation" (a developing process).
 Sense 1 is more generic.

 Also, the presence of "important" suggests positive valuation, which aligns with "better" in sense 2.

 I will go with sense 2.

 But let me double-check if sense 4 could be right. "Advance" as "advancement" (the act).
 The synonyms include "advancement".
 "An important advancement in a negotiation" - yes, this works.
 But "advancement" often implies promotion or raising in rank, or furtherance of a cause.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet gloss for sense 4: "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)". This is advancement in the sense of furtherance.

 In the negotiation context: "advance" = "advancement" = furtherance of the negotiation process.

 This is actually a very strong candidate.

 But "advancement" is often used for careers or causes. For negotiations, we usually say "progress" or "advance".

 Let me look at the examples provided by the user for each sense:
 - Sense 1: "he listened for the progress of the troops" -> physical movement, or at least literal progress
 - Sense 2: no example provided
 - Sense 4: no example provided

 The example for sense 1 is military/physical. This might suggest sense 1 is for physical movement, but it's often used metaphorically too.

 However, the presence of the example "he listened for the progress of the troops" suggests that sense 1 might be inclined toward physical/literal movement, whereas sense 4 with its definition "act of moving forward (as toward a goal)" suggests purposive movement toward an objective, which fits negotiations better.

 Also, sense 2 with "development" fits negotiations (which develop).

 I think I need to look at the hypernyms implied by the lexfile numbers.
 - 11: noun.event
 - 04: noun.act
 - 10: noun.communication
 - 21: noun.possession

 Sense 1 and 2 are events.
 Sense 4 is an act.

 In the context, the release of the document constitutes an event (the negotiation advanced). So sense 1 or 2 fits the grammatical slot of "an important [event]" better than "an important [act]", though acts are events too.

 But specifically, "advance" as a noun in this context refers to the progress achieved, which is an event/state, not an act. The act would be "advancing" (gerund).

 Therefore, sense 1 or 2.

 I think sense 2 is best because:
 1. Negotiations involve development/progress toward a conclusion
 2. The context implies improvement (from unruly to focused)
 3. The synonyms "improvement, betterment" fit the positive "important" descriptor

 So I'll choose sense 2.

 Wait, one more check: could it be sense 3? "a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others" - like "making advances". No, that's for social/romantic contexts or "overtures", not for negotiation documents that outline plans.

 Sense 5 and 6 are clearly financial.

 So it's between 1, 2, and 4.

 I think sense 2 (advance%1:11:01::) is the best choice.

 Final check: In WordNet, "advance.n.02" is defined as "a change for the better; progress in development". This is distinct from "advance.n.01" which is just "a movement forward".

 Given that the text emphasizes the document provides a "path forward" and was created to "reduce emissions" and represents a "final political deal", and it's a response to "unruly posturing", it represents a positive change/progress in development.

 Yes, sense 2.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: negotiation
Target surface form: negotiation
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a <t>negotiation</t> that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue
2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "negotiation" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about a U.N. climate conference in Copenhagen
 - There's a document outlining greenhouse-gas reductions
 - The text is seen as an important advance in a "negotiation" that is running out of time
 - More than 100 world leaders are arriving
 - It's about reaching a political deal to regulate greenhouse gases

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue

 2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

 The difference between these two senses:
 - Sense 1 (1:10:00) seems to refer to the discussion itself, the communicative act (noun.communication)
 - Sense 2 (1:04:00) seems to refer to the activity or process (noun.act)

 Looking at the context: "it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time"

 Here, "negotiation" refers to the overall process/activity of the climate talks/conference where countries are trying to reach an agreement. It's not just a single discussion, but the entire diplomatic process.

 However, looking at the examples and synonyms:
 - Sense 1 has synonyms "dialogue, talks" and example "the buyout negotiation lasted several days"
 - Sense 2 is more about the activity/business of negotiating

 In the context, "negotiation" is referring to the climate conference process - the talks/dialogue between nations. The phrase "running out of time" suggests a temporal duration, similar to the example "the buyout negotiation lasted several days."

 But wait, let me look more carefully at WordNet senses. The sense keys indicate:
 - 1:10:00 - This is under noun.communication (10)
 - 1:04:00 - This is under noun.act (04)

 In the context: "an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time"

 This seems to refer to the overall process (the climate negotiations as an activity), but it could also refer to the discussions/talks.

 However, looking at the example for sense 1: "the buyout negotiation lasted several days" - this fits well with "a negotiation that is running out of time."

 Sense 2 "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement" is more general and abstract.

 Actually, looking at typical WordNet distinctions:
 - negotiation%1:10:00:: usually refers to the concrete discussion/talks
 - negotiation%1:04:00:: refers to the general activity

 In this context, "a negotiation" (with article "a") suggests a specific instance of discussion/talks, not the general activity. The text is talking about the specific climate conference negotiation process.

 The phrase "in a negotiation" where the negotiation is characterized as "running out of time" and involves "100 world leaders" suggests the specific talks/discussions (sense 1).

 Also, the synonyms "dialogue, talks" fit well with the context of a climate conference where countries are talking.

 However, I need to be careful. Let me reconsider.

 The context mentions "the U.N.-sponsored climate conference" and refers to the "negotiation" as the overall process that is running out of time.

 But looking at the examples again:
 - Sense 1: "the buyout negotiation lasted several days" - this treats negotiation as a countable event that takes time
 - Sense 2: "the activity or business of negotiating" - this is uncountable, general

 In the text: "in a negotiation that is running out of time" - the use of "a" suggests a specific instance, which aligns with sense 1 (a discussion/talks).

 Also, the word "dialogue" and "talks" fit the context of international climate negotiations.

 Therefore, sense 1 (1:10:00) seems to be the best fit.

 Wait, I should double-check the WordNet sense indices. The user provided:
 1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00::
 2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00::

 So index 1 is the communication sense, index 2 is the act sense.

 Given the context of a conference with discussions, talks, and a process that is running out of time, and comparing to the example "the buyout negotiation lasted several days", sense 1 seems most appropriate.

 But let me reconsider sense 2. "The activity or business of negotiating an agreement" - could this fit? The text says "an important advance in a negotiation" - if it were sense 2, it might be more likely to say "in negotiation" (uncountable) or "in the negotiation" (specific activity). But "a negotiation" suggests a specific communicative event.

 Also, the mention of "dialogue" in the synonyms for sense 1 aligns with the context of the climate conference being described as having "unruly posturing" and the release of a document - these are elements of a discussion/dialogue.

 I think sense 1 is the correct choice.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet definitions more carefully:
 - negotiation%1:10:00:: = a discussion intended to produce an agreement
 - negotiation%1:04:00:: = the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

 In the sentence: "But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time..."

 This is referring to the specific climate negotiation process happening at the conference. It's the discussion/talks between the parties.

 The example "the buyout negotiation lasted several days" is very similar to "a negotiation that is running out of time."

 So I'll go with sense index 1.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of <t>time</t>, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "time" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of <t>time</t>, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week."

The phrase "running out of time" is a common idiom meaning that there is insufficient time remaining to accomplish something before a deadline.

Candidate sense analysis:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: - "an instance or single occasion for some event" - This refers to specific occurrences/occasions, not what we have here.
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: - "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something" - This fits well with "running out of time" - time as a resource that is being depleted.
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: - "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - This refers to eras or periods like "the time of year", not exactly fitting "running out of time".
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: - "a suitable moment" - This is about the right moment/opportunity, not about depleting time.
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: - "the continuum of experience..." - This is the abstract concept of time itself, not what's meant here.
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: - "a person's experience on a particular occasion" - Not relevant here.
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: - "a reading of a point in time as given by a clock" - This is about clock time/telling time, not relevant.
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: - "the fourth coordinate..." - Physics definition, not relevant.
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: - "rhythm as given by division..." - Musical meter, not relevant.
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: - "the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned" - Specific to prison sentences, not relevant.

The phrase "running out of time" strongly suggests sense 2: "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something". The examples for sense 2 include "take time to smell the roses" and "I didn't have time to finish", which align with the concept of time as a limited resource for accomplishing tasks.

In the context, the negotiation is running out of the time resource needed to reach an agreement before the leaders arrive.

Therefore, the best sense is index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: leader
Target surface form: leaders
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world <t>leaders</t> arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=leader%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who rules or guides or inspires others
2. sense_key=leader%1:06:00:: | definition=a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss in order to draw customers | synonyms=drawing card, loss leader

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "leaders" in the given context.

 Target lemma: leader
 Target surface form: leaders
 Context: "with more than 100 world <t>leaders</t> arriving in Copenhagen next week"

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=leader%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who rules or guides or inspires others
 2. sense_key=leader%1:06:00:: | definition=a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss in order to draw customers | synonyms=drawing card, loss leader

 Analysis:
 - The context is about a U.N. climate conference in Copenhagen with "world leaders" arriving.
 - "World leaders" refers to heads of state, presidents, prime ministers, etc. - people who rule or guide nations.
 - Sense 1 fits perfectly: "a person who rules or guides or inspires others" - this describes political leaders, heads of government, etc.
 - Sense 2 refers to a marketing concept (loss leader) - an item sold at a loss to attract customers. This makes no sense in the context of world leaders arriving at a climate conference.
 - The phrase "world leaders" is a common collocation referring to political figures, not merchandise.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (index 1).

 The user wants the output as a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3} - but with the correct index, which is 1.

 Wait, let me check the indices. The user listed:
 1. sense_key=leader%1:18:00:: ...
 2. sense_key=leader%1:06:00:: ...

 So sense_index should be 1.

 Let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indices correctly.
 - leader%1:18:00:: refers to noun (1), person (18), specific sense 00 - this is the person who leads sense.
 - leader%1:06:00:: refers to noun (1), artifact/entity (06?), specific sense 00 - this is the loss leader sense.

 Actually, looking at WordNet:
 - leader (noun) has multiple senses:
   1. leader, leader of a gang, etc. - a person who rules or guides or inspires others (lexicographer file: noun.person)
   2. drawing card, loss leader, leader - a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss... (lexicographer file: noun.artifact? or noun.object? Actually %1:06:00:: would be noun.artifact)

 The context clearly talks about "world leaders" - people, heads of state, political figures. So sense 1 is correct.

 The user says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}" - so I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Wait, the user says "Choose the single best indexed sense" and the candidates are numbered 1 and 2. So I should return the index from the list, which would be 1.

 Final check: Is there any ambiguity?
 - Could "leaders" refer to something else? "World leaders" is unambiguously political leaders in this context. The text mentions "U.N.-sponsored climate conference", "world leaders arriving in Copenhagen", "100 world leaders". This is definitely political leaders, heads of state, etc.

 So the answer is sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next <t>week</t>. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "week" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next <t>week</t>."
 - This refers to a specific upcoming period of seven consecutive days.
 - It's about timing/scheduling of an event (world leaders arriving).

 Candidate senses:
 1. week%1:28:00:: - any period of seven consecutive days (general, hebdomad)
 2. week%1:28:01:: - hours or days of work in a calendar week (workweek, related to labor/working hours)
 3. week%1:28:02:: - a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday (specific calendar definition)

 Analysis:
 - Sense 2 is clearly wrong because this is not about working hours or workweek.
 - Between Sense 1 and Sense 3:
   - Sense 1 is the most general: "any period of seven consecutive days"
   - Sense 3 is specific: "starting on Sunday" (calendar week)

 In the context "next week", this typically refers to the next calendar week or simply the next seven-day period. However, when people say "next week" in the context of scheduling events like "world leaders arriving next week", they usually mean the upcoming calendar week or the immediate next seven-day period.

 Looking at WordNet's organization:
 - Sense 1 (week%1:28:00::) is the most general sense - any seven consecutive days.
 - Sense 3 (week%1:28:02::) is the calendar week starting on Sunday.
 - Sense 2 (week%1:28:01::) is the workweek.

 In typical WSD for "next week", sense 1 is usually the correct choice because it refers to any period of seven consecutive days following the current one, not necessarily a calendar week starting on Sunday (which would be sense 3). However, sometimes sense 3 is used when referring to the calendar week.

 But wait, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1 example: "it rained for a week" - this is about duration.
 - Sense 3: calendar week (starting on Sunday)

 "Next week" in news contexts usually refers to the immediate upcoming seven-day period or the upcoming calendar week. But strictly speaking, "next week" without specification usually maps to sense 1 (any period of seven consecutive days) because it's referring to the time period starting from now/next Sunday/Monday (depending on culture) lasting seven days.

 However, looking at WordNet's specific indexing:
 - week%1:28:00:: is the first sense, typically the most general.
 - week%1:28:02:: is the calendar week.

 In the SemCor and other tagged corpora, "next week" is typically tagged with sense 1 (the general seven-day period), not sense 3 (the specific Sunday-starting week), unless there's specific emphasis on the calendar week as opposed to just the time period.

 Actually, looking more carefully: "next week" refers to the seven-day period following the current one. This aligns with sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days."

 Sense 3 specifically mentions "starting on Sunday" which is a specific type of week (the calendar week). While "next week" could align with this if we assume the calendar week system, sense 1 is more general and fits better for "next week" as a time expression referring to the upcoming seven days.

 Wait, I should reconsider. In WordNet:
 - Sense 1: week, hebdomad - any period of seven consecutive days
 - Sense 2: workweek, week - hours or days of work in a calendar week
 - Sense 3: calendar week, week - a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday

 "Next week" in the context of "arriving next week" refers to the upcoming seven-day period. This is sense 1. It's not specifically referring to a workweek (sense 2). It could be sense 3 if interpreted strictly as the calendar week, but "next week" is usually sense 1.

 Let me check the examples again:
 - Sense 1: "it rained for a week" - duration
 - Sense 3: no example given in the prompt, but typically refers to "the week of January 1st" etc.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet disambiguation practices, "next week" and similar temporal references are usually sense 1.

 But I need to be careful. The phrase is "arriving in Copenhagen next week". This is clearly referring to a time period of approximately seven days starting soon. This is sense 1.

 However, there's a subtle distinction. Sense 1 is "any period of seven consecutive days" - this emphasizes the duration aspect (like "for a week"). Sense 3 is the calendar week (a specific named week).

 When we say "next week" as a time adverbial, are we referring to:
 1. Any period of seven consecutive days (the hebdomad)?
 2. The calendar week starting on Sunday?

 In most contexts, "next week" refers to the upcoming Monday-Sunday or Sunday-Saturday period, i.e., the calendar week. But WordNet sense 3 specifically defines it as starting on Sunday. If the context doesn't specify Sunday, and given that in many parts of the world weeks start on Monday, sense 1 might be safer as it doesn't specify the start day.

 But actually, looking at the definition of sense 1: "any period of seven consecutive days" - this is the hypernym or general sense. Sense 3 is a hyponym: "a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday".

 In "next week", we are referring to the next calendar week (in the context of scheduling events with world leaders, they likely mean the upcoming calendar week or the immediate next seven days).

 I think the safest choice is sense 1, as it is the general sense that encompasses "next week" as a time expression, whereas sense 3 is too specific about starting on Sunday (which isn't specified in the text), and sense 2 is clearly about working hours.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 Wait, I should verify if there's any reason to choose sense 3. If the text were "the week of December 7th", that might be sense 3. But "next week" is a deictic temporal expression referring to the immediate future seven-day period.

 Actually, looking at WordNet online or standard sense distributions:
 - week%1:28:00:: (sense 1) - This is the most common sense.
 - week%1:28:02:: (sense 3) - This is the "calendar week" sense.

 In the SemCor corpus, "week" in temporal expressions like "last week", "next week", "this week" are typically tagged with sense 1 (the first sense).

 So I'll go with sense_index: 1.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the <t>text</t> is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "text" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The passage is about a U.N. climate conference
 - "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases..."
 - "Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones..."

 The word "text" here refers to a written document - specifically the document outlining greenhouse-gas reductions that was released by the U.N. working group.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
    - This seems to refer to the actual words/content of a written work, or textual matter in general.

 2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
    - This is specifically biblical/religious context. Not applicable here.

 3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
    - This refers to textbooks/educational books. Not applicable here (this is a U.N. document, not a schoolbook).

 4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand
    - This distinguishes text from illustrations/footnotes within a written work.

 Now, looking at the context again: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal..." and "Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on..."

 This seems to be referring to the document itself - the written content/proposal.

 Sense 1 ("the words of something written" / "textual matter") seems closest. It refers to the written content of the document. The examples include "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech" which is similar to this context where a U.N. group has drafted a document (text).

 Sense 4 refers to the main body as distinct from illustrations/footnotes, which doesn't seem to be the distinction being made here.

 Sense 1 is the most general sense of "text" as written material/content. In this context, "the text" refers to the written document/proposal that was released.

 Actually, looking more carefully at sense 1: "the words of something written" - this could apply to the document.

 But wait, let me reconsider sense 4: "the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)"

 In the context, "the text" is referring to the document released by the U.N. group. It's being used to mean the written document/proposal.

 Looking at the examples for sense 1: "there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech"

 The second example "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech" is very similar to this context where a document (text) is released/drafted.

 Sense 1 seems to be the best fit. It's referring to the written content/document itself.

 Sense 4 is more about the distinction between text and non-text elements within a work (like pictures, footnotes), which isn't the focus here.

 So I should choose sense index 1.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys and indices:
 - Sense 1: text%1:10:00::
 - Sense 2: text%1:10:03::
 - Sense 3: text%1:10:02::
 - Sense 4: text%1:10:01::

 The user asks for the "sense_index" in the JSON. Looking at the format:
 - Candidate sense 1 has index 1
 - Candidate sense 2 has index 2
 - Candidate sense 3 has index 3
 - Candidate sense 4 has index 4

 So if I choose the first one, it would be {"sense_index": 1}.

 But let me verify once more. The context describes "a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions" and refers to it as "the text". This is clearly sense 1: "the words of something written" / "textual matter".

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: money
Target surface form: money
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much <t>money</t> rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=money%1:21:00:: | definition=the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender | examples=we tried to collect the money he owed us
2. sense_key=money%1:21:02:: | definition=wealth reckoned in terms of money | examples=all his money is in real estate
3. sense_key=money%1:21:01:: | definition=the official currency issued by a government or national bank | examples=he changed his money into francs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "money" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
The text is about a U.N. climate conference. The specific sentence is: "Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much <t>money</t> rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term."

So here, "money" refers to financial resources or funds that rich countries would give to poor countries to help them deal with global warming.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=money%1:21:00:: | definition=the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender | examples=we tried to collect the money he owed us
   - This seems to be the general sense of money as a medium of exchange/currency.

2. sense_key=money%1:21:02:: | definition=wealth reckoned in terms of money | examples=all his money is in real estate
   - This refers to wealth or assets measured in monetary terms.

3. sense_key=money%1:21:01:: | definition=the official currency issued by a government or national bank | examples=he changed his money into francs
   - This refers specifically to official currency.

In the context, "how much money rich countries would give poor ones" - this is referring to financial aid, funds, or monetary resources being transferred. This is about the medium of exchange or funds being given, not specifically about wealth/assets (sense 2) or official currency (sense 3).

Actually, looking more carefully:
- Sense 1: "the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender" - This is the general sense of money as a means of payment.
- Sense 2: "wealth reckoned in terms of money" - This is about wealth/assets.
- Sense 3: "the official currency issued by a government or national bank" - This is specifically about currency.

In the sentence "how much money rich countries would give poor ones", it's referring to funds/financial resources being transferred. This aligns best with sense 1 - the general medium of exchange/legal tender. It's asking about the amount of funds (money) to be given.

Sense 2 would be more about "he has a lot of money" (wealth).
Sense 3 would be more about specific currency types (dollars, euros, etc.).

The context is about financial transfers/aid, which fits sense 1 best - money as a medium of exchange/funds.

Wait, let me reconsider. In WordNet:
- money%1:21:00:: is usually the first sense, often the most general one.
- money%1:21:01:: is often "wealth reckoned in terms of money"
- money%1:21:02:: is often "the official currency..."

Actually, looking at the provided keys:
1. money%1:21:00:: - the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender
2. money%1:21:02:: - wealth reckoned in terms of money
3. money%1:21:01:: - the official currency issued by a government or national bank

In the context "how much money rich countries would give poor ones", this is referring to financial assistance, funds. This is closest to sense 1 - the medium of exchange/legal tender that functions as a means of payment.

Sense 2 (wealth) would imply the rich countries' total wealth, not what they're giving.
Sense 3 (official currency) would imply specific types of currency, but here it's about the amount of funds.

So sense 1 seems correct.

But let me double-check by looking at the examples:
- Sense 1: "we tried to collect the money he owed us" - this is about debt/payment, similar to giving money.
- Sense 2: "all his money is in real estate" - this is about wealth/assets.
- Sense 3: "he changed his money into francs" - this is about currency exchange.

The context is about rich countries giving money to poor countries - this is a transfer of funds/medium of exchange, similar to sense 1's example of collecting money owed.

Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich <t>countries</t> would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "countries" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about a U.N. climate conference
 - It mentions "rich countries" and "poor ones" (referring to countries/nations)
 - The context is about industrialized nations, world leaders, developed and emerging economies
 - The specific phrase is "rich countries would give poor ones"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
    - This refers to the political entity/government aspect

 2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
    - This refers to the geographical territory/land

 3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
    - This refers to the populace/people

 4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
    - This is the rural vs urban sense (not relevant here)

 5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country
    - This is a general region/area sense

 In the context "rich countries would give poor ones", we are talking about nations as political entities that can give money, have obligations, etc. This aligns with sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government."

 However, let me check sense 2 as well: "the territory occupied by a nation" - this emphasizes the land/territory. But in the context of "rich countries giving money", we're talking about the political entities/governments, not just the land.

 Sense 3 is about the people, but here we're talking about the nations as actors in international relations (giving money, shouldering burden), which points to the political organization sense.

 The examples for sense 1 include "African nations" and "the state has elected a new president" - which fits with the diplomatic/political context here.

 The phrase "rich countries" and "poor ones" in the context of international climate negotiations and financial aid strongly suggests the political entity sense (sense 1), not the territory (sense 2) or the people (sense 3).

 So the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I'm indexing correctly:
 - sense_key=country%1:14:00:: - this is the first one listed, so index 1
 - sense_key=country%1:15:00:: - second one, index 2
 - sense_key=country%1:14:01:: - third one, index 3
 - sense_key=country%1:15:01:: - fourth one, index 4
 - sense_key=country%1:15:02:: - fifth one, index 5

 Actually, looking at the candidate senses list:
 1. sense_key=country%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=country%1:15:00::
 3. sense_key=country%1:14:01::
 4. sense_key=country%1:15:01::
 5. sense_key=country%1:15:02::

 So if I choose the first one, the index is 1.

 But let me reconsider: "rich countries" could potentially be sense 2 (territory occupied by a nation) if we think of it as rich lands, but that's not the primary meaning. In international relations contexts, "countries" almost always refers to the political entities (sense 1).

 Also, looking at the gloss for sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - this matches "rich countries" as actors in climate finance.

 The context mentions "industrialized nations", "world leaders", "developed and major emerging economies" - all pointing to the political/governmental sense.

 Therefore, sense_index: 1 is correct.

provider: AtlasCloud