[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduce
Target surface form: reduce
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To <t>reduce</t> side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduce%2:30:00:: | definition=cut down on; make a reduction in | synonyms=cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut | examples=reduce your daily fat intake; The employer wants to cut back health benefits
2. sense_key=reduce%2:30:06:: | definition=make less complex | examples=reduce a problem to a single question
3. sense_key=reduce%2:41:00:: | definition=bring to humbler or weaker state or condition | examples=He reduced the population to slavery
4. sense_key=reduce%2:40:04:: | definition=simplify the form of a mathematical equation of expression by substituting one term for another
5. sense_key=reduce%2:37:00:: | definition=lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation | examples=She reduced her niece to a servant
6. sense_key=reduce%2:30:11:: | definition=be the essential element | synonyms=come down, boil down | examples=The proposal boils down to a compromise
7. sense_key=reduce%2:30:05:: | definition=reduce in size; reduce physically | synonyms=shrink | examples=Hot water will shrink the sweater; Can you shrink this image?
8. sense_key=reduce%2:40:00:: | definition=lessen and make more modest | examples=reduce one's standard of living
9. sense_key=reduce%2:30:04:: | definition=make smaller | synonyms=scale down | examples=reduce an image
10. sense_key=reduce%2:30:03:: | definition=to remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase in the number of electrons | synonyms=deoxidize, deoxidise
11. sense_key=reduce%2:30:01:: | definition=narrow or limit | synonyms=tighten | examples=reduce the influx of foreigners
12. sense_key=reduce%2:41:03:: | definition=put down by force or intimidation | synonyms=repress, quash, keep down, subdue, subjugate | examples=The government quashes any attempt of an uprising; China keeps down her dissidents very efficiently
13. sense_key=reduce%2:35:00:: | definition=undergo meiosis | examples=The cells reduce
14. sense_key=reduce%2:35:01:: | definition=reposition (a broken bone after surgery) back to its normal site
15. sense_key=reduce%2:30:12:: | definition=destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it
16. sense_key=reduce%2:30:08:: | definition=reduce in scope while retaining essential elements | synonyms=abridge, foreshorten, abbreviate, shorten, cut, contract | examples=The manuscript must be shortened
17. sense_key=reduce%2:30:10:: | definition=be cooked until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, decoct, concentrate | examples=The sauce should reduce to one cup
18. sense_key=reduce%2:30:02:: | definition=cook until very little liquid is left | synonyms=boil down, concentrate | examples=The cook reduced the sauce by boiling it for a long time
19. sense_key=reduce%2:30:09:: | definition=lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture | synonyms=dilute, thin, thin out, cut | examples=cut bourbon
20. sense_key=reduce%2:29:00:: | definition=take off weight | synonyms=melt off, lose weight, slim, slenderize, thin, slim down

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "reduce" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about a medicine called Alimta used for anticancer chemotherapy
 - The specific sentence: "To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid..."
 - The meaning here is about making side effects less severe, less frequent, or less in amount/intensity
 - It's about decreasing the negative effects of the treatment

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=reduce%2:30:00:: | definition=cut down on; make a reduction in | synonyms=cut down, cut back, trim, trim down, trim back, cut | examples=reduce your daily fat intake; The employer wants to cut back health benefits
 - This seems to fit well. "Cut down on side effects" or "make a reduction in side effects" makes sense. The example "reduce your daily fat intake" shows reducing something undesirable or something to be minimized.

 2. sense_key=reduce%2:30:06:: | definition=make less complex
 - Not fitting. Side effects aren't being made less complex, they're being made less severe/frequent.

 3. sense_key=reduce%2:41:00:: | definition=bring to humbler or weaker state or condition
 - This is about demoting or humbling, not about medical side effects.

 4. sense_key=reduce%2:40:04:: | definition=simplify the form of a mathematical equation...
 - Mathematical context, not medical.

 5. sense_key=reduce%2:37:00:: | definition=lower in grade or rank or force somebody into an undignified situation
 - Social hierarchy context, not medical.

 6. sense_key=reduce%2:30:11:: | definition=be the essential element | synonyms=come down, boil down
 - This is about essence/summary, not decreasing.

 7. sense_key=reduce%2:30:05:: | definition=reduce in size; reduce physically | synonyms=shrink
 - Physical size reduction, not applicable to side effects (which are abstract experiences).

 8. sense_key=reduce%2:40:00:: | definition=lessen and make more modest
 - "Lessen" fits, but "make more modest" is odd for side effects. However, "lessen" is close.

 9. sense_key=reduce%2:30:04:: | definition=make smaller | synonyms=scale down
 - Could work, but usually refers to physical size or scope.

 10. sense_key=reduce%2:30:03:: | definition=chemistry: remove oxygen...
 - Chemical process, not relevant here.

 11. sense_key=reduce%2:30:01:: | definition=narrow or limit | synonyms=tighten
 - "Limit side effects" could work, but "narrow side effects" is odd.

 12. sense_key=reduce%2:41:03:: | definition=put down by force or intimidation
 - Not relevant.

 13. sense_key=reduce%2:35:00:: | definition=undergo meiosis
 - Biological cell division, not relevant.

 14. sense_key=reduce%2:35:01:: | definition=reposition a broken bone
 - Medical but specific to bones, not side effects.

 15. sense_key=reduce%2:30:12:: | definition=destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it
 - Linguistics/phonetics, not relevant.

 16. sense_key=reduce%2:30:08:: | definition=reduce in scope while retaining essential elements | synonyms=abridge, foreshorten...
 - About shortening text or scope, not side effects.

 17. sense_key=reduce%2:30:10:: | definition=be cooked until very little liquid is left
 - Cooking, not relevant.

 18. sense_key=reduce%2:30:02:: | definition=cook until very little liquid is left
 - Cooking, not relevant.

 19. sense_key=reduce%2:30:09:: | definition=lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture | synonyms=dilute, thin...
 - This is about diluting liquids, not side effects.

 20. sense_key=reduce%2:29:00:: | definition=take off weight
 - Weight loss, not relevant.

 Now comparing the best candidates:
 - Sense 1: "cut down on; make a reduction in" - fits perfectly with reducing side effects (making them less frequent or severe)
 - Sense 8: "lessen and make more modest" - "lessen" fits but "make more modest" is less appropriate
 - Sense 11: "narrow or limit" - possible but less common for side effects
 - Sense 19: "lessen the strength" - could metaphorically apply but is specifically about diluting liquids

 Sense 1 is the most general and appropriate sense for reducing something undesirable like side effects. The examples include "reduce your daily fat intake" which is analogous to reducing side effects - both are about decreasing the amount/occurrence of something.

 The index for sense 1 is 1 (sense_key=reduce%2:30:00::).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists them as 1, 2, 3... so I should return the number from the list.

 Sense 1 is: sense_key=reduce%2:30:00::

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}

 Let me double-check:
 - Context: "To reduce side effects" - means to make side effects less severe, less frequent, or decrease their occurrence
 - Sense 1: "cut down on; make a reduction in" - exactly matches
 - Example: "reduce your daily fat intake" - parallel structure to "reduce side effects"

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: side_effect
Target surface form: side effects
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce <t>side effects</t>, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=side_effect%1:26:00:: | definition=a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy | examples=severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug
2. sense_key=side_effect%1:19:00:: | definition=any adverse and unwanted secondary effect | synonyms=fallout | examples=a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "side_effect" with the surface form "side effects" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about a medicine called Alimta (an anticancer chemotherapy drug)
 - It mentions dosage, administration (intravenous infusion)
 - It says "To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid..."
 - This is clearly about medical treatment, specifically chemotherapy

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=side_effect%1:26:00::
    - definition: a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy
    - examples: severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug

 2. sense_key=side_effect%1:19:00::
    - definition: any adverse and unwanted secondary effect
    - synonyms: fallout
    - examples: a strategy to contain the fallout from the accounting scandal

 Analysis:
 - Sense 1 specifically mentions "drug or therapy" which matches the context perfectly (Alimta is a drug/medicine).
 - Sense 2 is more general ("any adverse and unwanted secondary effect") and the example shows it's used for non-medical contexts like "accounting scandal" (fallout).

 In the context:
 - The text is specifically about a medicine (Alimta)
 - It mentions reducing side effects of this cancer treatment
 - Patients take other medications (corticosteroid, folic acid, vitamin B12) to reduce these effects
 - This is clearly about pharmaceutical/medical side effects

 Therefore, sense 1 (side_effect%1:26:00::) is the correct choice.

 The user wants the answer in JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, I need to check the sense indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=side_effect%1:26:00::
 2. sense_key=side_effect%1:19:00::

 So sense 1 is the drug/therapy specific one, and sense 2 is the general one with "fallout" as a synonym.

 Actually, looking at WordNet, side_effect%1:26:00:: corresponds to the medical definition (noun.artifact or noun.cognition?), while side_effect%1:19:00:: corresponds to the more general definition (noun.event).

 Wait, let me check the lexicographer file numbers (the number after the second %):
 - 26 usually refers to noun.state or similar?
 - 19 usually refers to noun.event?

 Actually, in WordNet sense keys:
 - %1:26:00:: - 26 is usually noun.state?
 - %1:19:00:: - 19 is usually noun.event?

 But regardless of the lexicographer file numbers, the definitions clearly distinguish:
 - Sense 1: specific to drug or therapy
 - Sense 2: general adverse effect (with example about accounting scandal fallout)

 The context is clearly about a drug (Alimta, an anticancer chemotherapy medicine), so sense 1 is correct.

 The user asks for "sense_index" which corresponds to the numbering in the candidate list (1 or 2).

 So the answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, <t>patients</t> should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "patients" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about a medicine called Alimta (used for anticancer chemotherapy)
 - It mentions "calculated using the patient's height and weight"
 - It says "To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid..."
 - This is clearly referring to people receiving medical treatment

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
    - This fits perfectly. The context is about people receiving chemotherapy treatment (Alimta). They are people requiring medical care.

 2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role
    - This is a linguistic/semantic role sense (like in "John hit Bill" where Bill is the patient).
    - The context is clearly not about linguistic theory or semantic roles. It's about actual people being treated with medicine.

 The context is clearly medical - discussing chemotherapy, prescriptions, body surface area calculations, corticosteroids, vitamins, etc. The word "patients" refers to human beings receiving medical treatment.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys:
 - patient%1:18:00:: - This is the noun sense referring to a person receiving medical care (noun.person)
 - patient%1:10:00:: - This is the noun sense referring to the semantic role (noun.tops or noun.communication? Actually 1:10 usually refers to noun.communication or noun.person? Wait, looking at WordNet structure:
   - 1:18 is noun.person
   - 1:10 is... actually in WordNet 3.0/3.1, semantic roles are often in noun.communication or noun.cognition. Let me think. Actually, "patient" as a semantic role would be a different sense.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet mappings:
 - patient%1:18:00:: is the medical patient (person)
 - patient%1:10:00:: would be the grammatical/semantic role

 The context is unambiguously medical. The text discusses:
 - Prescription medicine
 - Anticancer chemotherapy
 - Dosing based on body surface area
 - Side effects
 - Taking medications (corticosteroid, folic acid)

 This is clearly referring to human patients receiving treatment.

 So the answer is sense_index: 1


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: type
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a <t>type</t> of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "type" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a <t>type</t> of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta."

Here, "folic acid" is being described as "a type of vitamin". This means folic acid is a subdivision or category of vitamin.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
   - This fits perfectly. Folic acid is a subdivision/subcategory of vitamins.

2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
   - This refers to people, not applicable here.

3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
   - This is a biological taxonomy term, not the general "kind/sort" meaning used here.

4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
   - This refers to typography/printing, not applicable.

5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
   - Also about symbols/characters in language/printing.

6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up
   - Physical printing press type.

The correct sense is clearly sense 1: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing". The phrase "a type of vitamin" means a kind/category/subdivision of vitamin.

The index for this sense is 1 (sense_key=type%1:09:00::).

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00::
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00::
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01::
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01::
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00::
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00::

So the index is the number at the beginning of each line. The first one is index 1.

Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check:
- "folic acid (a type of vitamin)" - folic acid is a specific kind/subdivision of the general category "vitamin".
- Sense 1 definition: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing"
- Example: "what type of sculpture do you prefer?" - this is exactly the same usage pattern: "type of [category]"

Yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: injection
Target surface form: injections
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive <t>injections</t> of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "injections" in the given context. The target lemma is "injection" and the surface form is "injections".

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about a medicine called Alimta used for anticancer chemotherapy
- It describes how the medicine is administered (intravenous infusion)
- It mentions that patients should receive "injections" of vitamin B12 during treatment
- This is clearly a medical context where substances are being introduced into the body

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
   - This seems to refer to the act or process of injecting, possibly emphasizing the forceful nature or mechanical aspect (like fuel injection in engines, or the physical act of forcing liquid in)

2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
   - This refers to the substance itself that is being injected (the liquid/solution)
   - Synonym: injectant

3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot
   - This refers to the medical procedure/act of administering something via syringe
   - Synonym: shot
   - Example mentions "flu shot"

Now, looking at the context: "receive injections of vitamin B12"

The question is: does "injections" here refer to:
- The act of administering (sense 3)?
- The substance being injected (sense 2)?
- The forceful insertion (sense 1)?

In the phrase "receive injections of vitamin B12", the word "injections" is referring to the administration events/procedures. Patients receive the vitamin B12 by means of injections (shots).

However, let's look more carefully. In medical contexts, "injection" can refer to:
1. The act of injecting (the procedure)
2. The substance injected (the dose)

But looking at sense 2: "any solution that is injected (as into the skin)" - this defines injection as the substance itself (the solution).

Looking at sense 3: "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe" - this is the act/procedure.

In the context "receive injections of vitamin B12", this is most naturally interpreted as receiving the vitamin B12 via the method of injection (the act), or possibly receiving doses of the injectable substance.

But let's look at the examples and synonyms:
- Sense 3 has synonym "shot" and example "the nurse gave him a flu shot"
- In the context, patients "receive injections of vitamin B12" - this parallels "the nurse gave him a flu shot" in that it refers to the administration event.

However, sense 2 ("any solution that is injected") could also fit because "injections of vitamin B12" could mean "doses of the injectable vitamin B12 solution".

But let's think about the phrasing. If it were sense 2 (the substance), it would be emphasizing the solution itself. But "receive injections of vitamin B12" is talking about the method of administration - they are receiving vitamin B12 in the form of injections.

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- Sense 1:04:00 is likely the physical act of inserting forcefully (could be mechanical, like fuel injection)
- Sense 1:04:01 is specifically the medical act (putting liquid into body with syringe)
- Sense 1:27:00 is the substance (injectant)

In the context: "receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment"

This is clearly medical. The patients are receiving vitamin B12 via injection. The word "injections" here refers to the shots/administrations they receive.

Sense 3 (1:04:01) seems most appropriate because:
1. It's specifically about putting liquid into the body via syringe (medical context)
2. It has synonym "shot" which fits "receive injections"
3. The example "the nurse gave him a flu shot" parallels "receive injections of vitamin B12"

Sense 2 would imply that the injections ARE the solution, but the phrasing "injections of vitamin B12" suggests that vitamin B12 is the substance being administered via the injection method. If it were sense 2, it might just say "receive vitamin B12 injections" (where injections means the injectant), but "receive injections of vitamin B12" emphasizes the administration events.

Actually, both could work, but sense 3 is more specific to the medical procedure/act, which fits the context of a medical treatment protocol describing how the drug is administered.

Wait, let me reconsider. In WordNet:
- injection%1:04:00:: - the forceful insertion (general)
- injection%1:04:01:: - the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe (specific medical act)
- injection%1:27:00:: - any solution that is injected (the substance)

In "receive injections of vitamin B12", are they receiving:
A) The acts of injection? (sense 3)
B) The solutions of vitamin B12? (sense 2)

In common medical parlance, when we say "receive injections of X", we typically mean they are being administered X via injection. The word "injection" here refers to the method of administration (the shot).

For example, "I got an injection of penicillin" - here "injection" refers to the shot I received (the act/event of administering).

Sense 2 (injectant) would be more like "The injection was cloudy" - referring to the liquid itself.

In "receive injections of vitamin B12", the patients are receiving the vitamin B12, and the method is injection. The noun "injections" is being used to mean the administrations/shots.

Therefore, sense 3 (1:04:01) is the best fit.

But let me double-check by looking at the actual WordNet entries to make sure I understand the distinctions correctly.

Sense 1:04:00 - "the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure" - this is likely for contexts like "fuel injection" or mechanical injection processes.

Sense 1:04:01 - "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe" - this is specifically the medical procedure.

Sense 1:27:00 - "any solution that is injected (as into the skin)" - this is the substance.

In the context: "receive injections of vitamin B12"

If I substitute the definitions:
- "receive [the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe] of vitamin B12" - this makes sense. They receive the administration procedure.
- "receive [any solution that is injected] of vitamin B12" - this is slightly awkward grammatically. You wouldn't say "receive solution of vitamin B12" - you'd say "receive injections of vitamin B12" where injections = shots.

Actually, "receive injections" is an idiom where "injection" clearly means the shot/administration.

Also, the synonym "shot" in sense 3 confirms this: "receive shots of vitamin B12" - yes, that works perfectly.

Therefore, the answer should be sense 3.

Wait, the user asks for the sense index. The options are numbered 1, 2, 3 in the candidate list.

Candidate 1: injection%1:04:00::
Candidate 2: injection%1:27:00::
Candidate 3: injection%1:04:01::

So the answer is index 3.

But let me make absolutely sure. Is there any chance it's sense 2?

Sense 2 is "any solution that is injected" - the injectant.
In the phrase "injections of vitamin B12", could "injections" be the solution?

If I say "I need my insulin injections", I could mean:
1. I need my shots of insulin (sense 3 - the acts)
2. I need my injectable insulin solutions (sense 2 - the substances)

But in the context of a medical protocol describing treatment: "receive injections of vitamin B12", this is describing the treatment regimen - they need to get shots. This is describing the method of administration.

Also, looking at the surrounding context: "It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion... To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid... and receive injections of vitamin B12"

Here, "take" (for pills) is parallel to "receive injections" (for the B12). The injections are the method of administering the B12, parallel to how they "take" the folic acid.

Therefore, sense 3 is correct.

One final check: could it be sense 1? "the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure" - this is too general and mechanical. Medical injections are specifically covered by sense 3.

So the answer is {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
The medicine can only be obtained with a prescription. How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during <t>treatment</t> with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "treatment" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about a medicine called Alimta (anticancer chemotherapy)
- It describes how the medicine is used, dosage, administration
- "To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid... and receive injections of vitamin B12 during <t>treatment</t> with Alimta."
- This refers to the period or process of receiving medical care/therapy with Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. treatment%1:04:00:: - care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. treatment%1:04:01:: - the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. treatment%1:07:00:: - a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. treatment%1:10:00:: - an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse

Analysis:
- Sense 1 is clearly medical: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures... intended to relieve illness or injury)". The context is explicitly about anticancer chemotherapy, prescriptions, medicine, side effects, injections during treatment with Alimta. This fits perfectly.
- Sense 2 is about management/handling (prisoners, sewage) - not medical in the therapeutic sense.
- Sense 3 is artistic - clearly wrong.
- Sense 4 is about communication/discourse - clearly wrong.

The context is medical/therapeutic. "During treatment with Alimta" means during the medical care/therapy using this drug. Sense 1 is the best fit.

The user asks to return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Since sense 1 is the best, I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Wait, let me double-check the sense numbering. The user lists:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00::
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01::
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00::
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00::

So index 1 is the medical one. Yes.

I need to make sure I don't hedge, choose the single best, and return only the JSON object.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: give
Target surface form: given
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is <t>given</t> with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=give%2:40:03:: | definition=cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense | examples=She gave him a black eye; The draft gave me a cold
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05:: | definition=be the cause or source of | synonyms=yield, afford | examples=He gave me a lot of trouble; Our meeting afforded much interesting information
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00:: | definition=transfer possession of something concrete or abstract to somebody | examples=I gave her my money; can you give me lessons?
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07:: | definition=convey or reveal information | examples=Give one's name
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01:: | definition=convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow | synonyms=pay | examples=Don't pay him any mind; give the orders
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, make | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00:: | definition=convey or communicate; of a smile, a look, a physical gesture | synonyms=throw | examples=Throw a glance; She gave me a dirty look
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01:: | definition=give as a present; make a gift of | synonyms=gift, present | examples=What will you give her for her birthday?
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03:: | definition=cause to happen or be responsible for | synonyms=yield | examples=His two singles gave the team the victory
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=pay, devote | examples=give thought to; give priority to
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00:: | definition=give or supply | synonyms=render, yield, return, generate | examples=The cow brings in 5 liters of milk; This year's crop yielded 1,000 bushels of corn
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09:: | definition=transmit (knowledge or skills) | synonyms=impart, leave, pass on | examples=give a secret to the Russians; leave your name and address here
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01:: | definition=bring about | synonyms=establish | examples=The trompe l'oeil-illusion establishes depth
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02:: | definition=leave with; give temporarily | examples=Can I give you my keys while I go in the pool?; Can I give you the children for the weekend?
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00:: | definition=emit or utter | examples=Give a gulp; give a yelp
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10:: | definition=endure the loss of | synonyms=sacrifice | examples=He gave his life for his children; I gave two sons to the war
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06:: | definition=place into the hands or custody of | synonyms=pass, hand, reach, pass on, turn over | examples=hand me the spoon, please; Turn the files over to me, please
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=dedicate, consecrate, commit, devote | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13:: | definition=give (as medicine) | examples=I gave him the drug
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14:: | definition=give or convey physically | synonyms=apply | examples=She gave him First Aid; I gave him a punch in the nose
21. sense_key=give%2:32:02:: | definition=bestow | synonyms=render | examples=give homage; render thanks
22. sense_key=give%2:40:11:: | definition=bestow, especially officially | synonyms=grant | examples=grant a degree; give a divorce
23. sense_key=give%2:38:00:: | definition=move in order to make room for someone for something | synonyms=move over, give way, ease up, yield | examples=The park gave way to a supermarket; `Move over,' he told the crowd
24. sense_key=give%2:34:00:: | definition=give food to | synonyms=feed | examples=Feed the starving children in India; don't give the child this tough meat
25. sense_key=give%2:40:08:: | definition=contribute to some cause | synonyms=contribute, chip in, kick in | examples=I gave at the office
26. sense_key=give%2:38:13:: | definition=break down, literally or metaphorically | synonyms=collapse, fall in, cave in, give way, break, founder | examples=The wall collapsed; The business collapsed
27. sense_key=give%2:31:00:: | definition=estimate the duration or outcome of something | examples=He gave the patient three months to live; I gave him a very good chance at success
28. sense_key=give%2:41:10:: | definition=execute and deliver | examples=Give bond
29. sense_key=give%2:40:12:: | definition=deliver in exchange or recompense | examples=I'll give you three books for four CDs
30. sense_key=give%2:40:15:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, open | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
31. sense_key=give%2:36:13:: | definition=present to view | examples=He gave the sign to start
32. sense_key=give%2:36:12:: | definition=perform for an audience | examples=Pollini is giving another concert in New York
33. sense_key=give%2:35:00:: | definition=be flexible under stress of physical force | synonyms=yield | examples=This material doesn't give
34. sense_key=give%2:34:10:: | definition=propose | examples=He gave the first of many toasts at the birthday party
35. sense_key=give%2:32:11:: | definition=accord by verdict | examples=give a decision for the plaintiff
36. sense_key=give%2:32:08:: | definition=manifest or show | examples=This student gives promise of real creativity; The office gave evidence of tampering
37. sense_key=give%2:32:15:: | definition=offer in good faith | examples=He gave her his word
38. sense_key=give%2:32:14:: | definition=submit for consideration, judgment, or use | examples=give one's opinion; give an excuse
39. sense_key=give%2:32:09:: | definition=guide or direct, as by behavior of persuasion | examples=You gave me to think that you agreed with me
40. sense_key=give%2:32:07:: | definition=allow to have or take | examples=I give you two minutes to respond
41. sense_key=give%2:32:10:: | definition=inflict as a punishment | examples=She gave the boy a good spanking; The judge gave me 10 years
42. sense_key=give%2:30:13:: | definition=occur | examples=what gives?
43. sense_key=give%2:29:11:: | definition=consent to engage in sexual intercourse with a man | examples=She gave herself to many men
44. sense_key=give%2:29:10:: | definition=proffer (a body part) | examples=She gave her hand to her little sister

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "given" (lemma: give) in the provided context.

The context is about a medical drug called Alimta (pemetrexed) and how it is administered. Specifically: "When Alimta is <t>given</t> with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine... should also be given..."

The target surface form "given" appears to be used in the sense of administering medication or treatment.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. give%2:40:03:: - cause to have (abstract or physical)
2. give%2:40:05:: - be the cause or source of (yield, afford)
3. give%2:40:00:: - transfer possession
4. give%2:40:07:: - convey information
5. give%2:32:01:: - bestow (compliments, attention)
6. give%2:36:02:: - organize/responsible for
7. give%2:32:00:: - convey via smile/look/gesture
8. give%2:40:01:: - give as present
9. give%2:36:03:: - cause to happen
10. give%2:31:02:: - dedicate
11. give%2:36:00:: - give or supply (render, yield)
12. give%2:40:09:: - transmit knowledge/skills
13. give%2:36:01:: - bring about
14. give%2:40:02:: - leave with temporarily
15. give%2:41:00:: - emit or utter
16. give%2:40:10:: - endure loss/sacrifice
17. give%2:40:06:: - place into hands/custody
18. give%2:32:03:: - dedicate entirely
19. give%2:40:13:: - give (as medicine) - this looks promising!
20. give%2:40:14:: - give or convey physically (apply)
21. give%2:32:02:: - bestow (render)
22. give%2:40:11:: - bestow officially (grant)
23. give%2:38:00:: - move to make room
24. give%2:34:00:: - give food to (feed)
25. give%2:40:08:: - contribute
26. give%2:38:13:: - break down
27. give%2:31:00:: - estimate duration
28. give%2:41:10:: - execute and deliver
29. give%2:40:12:: - deliver in exchange
30. give%2:40:15:: - afford access
31. give%2:36:13:: - present to view
32. give%2:36:12:: - perform for audience
33. give%2:35:00:: - be flexible
34. give%2:34:10:: - propose
35. give%2:32:11:: - accord by verdict
36. give%2:32:08:: - manifest/show
37. give%2:32:15:: - offer in good faith
38. give%2:32:14:: - submit for consideration
39. give%2:32:09:: - guide/direct
40. give%2:32:07:: - allow to have
41. give%2:32:10:: - inflict as punishment
42. give%2:30:13:: - occur
43. give%2:29:11:: - consent to sex
44. give%2:29:10:: - proffer body part

Sense 19 (give%2:40:13::) is specifically defined as "give (as medicine)" with the example "I gave him the drug".

The context is clearly about administering the drug Alimta (and cisplatin) to patients. The sentence says "When Alimta is given with cisplatin..." - this is about medical administration.

Sense 20 (give%2:40:14::) is "give or convey physically" with synonym "apply" and examples involving First Aid and punching. This is close but more general physical application.

Sense 19 is specifically about medicine, which fits the context of Alimta (a chemotherapy drug) perfectly.

Sense 1 is "cause to have" which is too general.
Sense 3 is "transfer possession" which is also possible but less specific.
Sense 17 is "place into hands or custody" which is about physical transfer.

But sense 19 is the specific medical sense.

Wait, let me check if there's any other sense that might apply.

Sense 24 is about food (feeding).
Sense 11 is "give or supply" (render, yield) - "The cow brings in 5 liters of milk" - this is about production/supplying.

The context is clearly about a doctor administering medication to a patient. The specific sense for medicine is sense 19.

Therefore, the answer should be sense index 19.

The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 19}

Wait, looking at the list, I need to make sure I'm counting correctly. The senses are numbered 1 to 44 in the list provided. Let me verify:

1. sense_key=give%2:40:03::
2. sense_key=give%2:40:05::
3. sense_key=give%2:40:00::
4. sense_key=give%2:40:07::
5. sense_key=give%2:32:01::
6. sense_key=give%2:36:02::
7. sense_key=give%2:32:00::
8. sense_key=give%2:40:01::
9. sense_key=give%2:36:03::
10. sense_key=give%2:31:02::
11. sense_key=give%2:36:00::
12. sense_key=give%2:40:09::
13. sense_key=give%2:36:01::
14. sense_key=give%2:40:02::
15. sense_key=give%2:41:00::
16. sense_key=give%2:40:10::
17. sense_key=give%2:40:06::
18. sense_key=give%2:32:03::
19. sense_key=give%2:40:13::
20. sense_key=give%2:40:14::

Yes, sense 19 is give%2:40:13:: "give (as medicine)".

The context: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin..." - Alimta is a medicine (anticancer chemotherapy), so this is clearly the medical administration sense.

Therefore, the correct answer is index 19.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: medicine
Target surface form: medicine
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic <t>medicine</t> (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: | definition=the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques | synonyms=medical specialty
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: | definition=(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease | synonyms=medication, medicament, medicinal drug
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: | definition=the learned profession that is mastered by graduate training in a medical school and that is devoted to preventing or alleviating or curing diseases and injuries | synonyms=practice of medicine | examples=he studied medicine at Harvard
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: | definition=punishment for one's actions | synonyms=music | examples=you have to face the music; take your medicine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "medicine" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The text is about Alimta, a chemotherapy drug. The specific sentence containing "medicine" is: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic <t>medicine</t> (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose."

Here, "medicine" refers to a substance/drug used to treat or prevent symptoms (specifically, an anti-emetic medicine to prevent vomiting). It's referring to a pharmaceutical product, not the field of study, the profession, or punishment.

Candidate sense analysis:
1. sense_key=medicine%1:09:00:: - "the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques" - This refers to the field/discipline of medicine. Not correct here.
2. sense_key=medicine%1:06:00:: - "(medicine) something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease" - synonyms: medication, medicament, medicinal drug. This fits perfectly. An anti-emetic medicine is a drug/substance used to prevent vomiting (a symptom).
3. sense_key=medicine%1:04:00:: - "the learned profession..." - This refers to the practice of medicine as a profession. Not correct here.
4. sense_key=medicine%1:04:02:: - "punishment for one's actions" - This is the figurative sense "take your medicine". Not correct here.

The context clearly describes a pharmaceutical substance given to patients to prevent vomiting (anti-emetic). This matches sense 2: "something that treats or prevents or alleviates the symptoms of disease."

Therefore, the correct sense index is 2.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevent
Target surface form: prevent
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to <t>prevent</t> vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "prevent" in the given context. I need to choose between two candidate senses.

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to <t>prevent</t> vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose."
- The target word "prevent" is used in the phrase "prevent vomiting"
- This is in a medical context about chemotherapy treatment

Now let's look at the two candidate senses:

Sense 1 (prevent%2:41:01::):
- Definition: keep from happening or arising; make impossible
- Synonyms: forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid
- Examples: "My sense of tact forbids an honest answer"; "Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project"

Sense 2 (prevent%2:41:00::):
- Definition: stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state
- Synonyms: keep
- Examples: "We must prevent the cancer from spreading"; "His snoring kept me from falling asleep"

Analysis:
In the context "prevent vomiting", we are talking about stopping vomiting from occurring or keeping it from happening.

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 2 has "We must prevent the cancer from spreading" - this is about stopping something from happening/progressing
- Sense 1 has examples about precluding involvement or forbidding an answer

"Prevent vomiting" means to stop vomiting from occurring, or to keep vomiting from happening. This seems closer to Sense 2, which is about stopping something from doing something or being in a certain state.

However, let me reconsider. Sense 1 is "keep from happening or arising; make impossible" - this also fits "prevent vomiting" (keep vomiting from happening).

But looking at the examples more carefully:
- Sense 2 example: "We must prevent the cancer from spreading" - this is about stopping an ongoing or potential process (spreading)
- Sense 1 example: "Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project" - this is about making something impossible, foreclosing it

"Prevent vomiting" - vomiting is an event that hasn't happened yet (in the context of prophylactic treatment), so we're keeping it from happening. But actually, anti-emetics are given to prevent nausea/vomiting from occurring as a side effect of cisplatin.

Let me look at the subtle distinction:
- Sense 1 seems more about making impossible, forestalling, precluding (more absolute, preventing existence/occurrence)
- Sense 2 seems more about stopping something from doing something or being in a state (keeping from spreading, keeping from falling asleep)

"Prevent vomiting" could fit either, but "prevent dehydration" in the same sentence gives us another clue. "Prevent dehydration" means to keep dehydration from occurring/keep the patient from becoming dehydrated.

Actually, looking at WordNet's actual sense distinctions for "prevent":
- Sense 1 (prevent%2:41:01::) is typically used for preventing events/actions from occurring (keep from happening)
- Sense 2 (prevent%2:41:00::) is typically used for preventing someone/something from doing something (stop from doing)

In "prevent vomiting", vomiting is an action/event. In "prevent dehydration", dehydration is a state/condition.

The example for Sense 2: "We must prevent the cancer from spreading" - here "spreading" is an action/process.
The example for Sense 1: "Your role in the projects precludes your involvement" - here "involvement" is more of a state or event being precluded.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet distinctions:
- prevent%2:41:00:: usually takes a direct object + from + gerund (prevent X from doing Y)
- prevent%2:41:01:: usually takes a direct object that is an event (prevent X)

In our sentence: "prevent vomiting" - vomiting is the direct object, no "from" phrase.
Also: "prevent dehydration" - dehydration is the direct object.

This suggests Sense 1 (keep from happening), because Sense 2 typically involves "prevent [someone/something] from [doing something]".

Wait, looking at Sense 2's definition again: "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state"
And its example: "We must prevent the cancer from spreading" - here "the cancer" is the someone/something, and "spreading" is the doing something.

But in "prevent vomiting", vomiting is not "someone/something doing something" - vomiting is the event itself. Similarly, "prevent dehydration" - dehydration is the state itself.

So this looks like Sense 1: "keep from happening or arising; make impossible"

But let me double-check the examples for Sense 1: "My sense of tact forbids an honest answer" - here "an honest answer" is the event being forbidden/prevented.
"Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project" - "your involvement" is the event/state being precluded.

So "prevent vomiting" fits Sense 1 better - it's preventing an event (vomiting) from happening.

However, I should be careful. In medical contexts, "prevent vomiting" could be interpreted either way, but syntactically it's "prevent + NP" where NP is the event, not "prevent + NP + from + V-ing".

Therefore, Sense 1 (index 1) seems correct.

Wait, I need to check if the sense indices in the output should be 1 or 2, or if they correspond to the order given. The user asks for {"sense_index": 3} format, implying the index of the sense in the list.

The candidates are:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01::
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00::

So if I choose the first one, I return {"sense_index": 1}
If I choose the second one, I return {"sense_index": 2}

Let me reconsider carefully. The distinction in WordNet between these two senses of "prevent" is subtle.

Sense 1: prevent, forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid
- keep from happening or arising; make impossible
- Example: "foreclose the possibility"

Sense 2: prevent, keep
- stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state
- Example: "keep the child from eating the marbles"; "prevent the cancer from spreading"

In "prevent vomiting", we don't have "from" - we just have "prevent vomiting". This is a direct object that is an event.

In "prevent dehydration", same thing - direct object is a state.

These fit Sense 1 better because Sense 2 seems to require the "from" construction (stop X from Y), whereas Sense 1 is about preventing the occurrence of the event itself.

Actually, looking at actual WordNet usage:
- "prevent accidents" would be Sense 1
- "prevent him from leaving" would be Sense 2

Since we have "prevent vomiting" (no "from"), this is Sense 1.

But wait, looking at the gloss for Sense 2 again: "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state"

Could "vomiting" be analyzed as "the patient from vomiting"? In medical contexts, we might say "prevent the patient from vomiting" but elliptically say "prevent vomiting".

However, the examples are key here. Sense 2's examples include "We must prevent the cancer from spreading" - this clearly has the "from" structure. Sense 1's examples don't have "from" with the verb, they have direct objects or different structures.

Therefore, since our target is "prevent vomiting" (direct object, no "from"), this aligns with Sense 1.

Actually, looking more carefully at the examples provided:
Sense 1 examples: "My sense of tact forbids an honest answer"; "Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project"
Sense 2 examples: "We must prevent the cancer from spreading"; "His snoring kept me from falling asleep"

The pattern is clear: Sense 2 uses "from" (keep/prevent X from Y), Sense 1 does not use "from" with the target verb (forbids an honest answer, precludes your involvement).

Our target: "prevent vomiting" - no "from". Therefore, Sense 1.

But I want to double-check: could "vomiting" be the "something" in "stop something from doing something"? No, that doesn't make sense. "Vomiting" would have to be the "doing something" part, requiring a subject.

So yes, Sense 1 is correct.

Wait, I should verify the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indices correctly.
- prevent%2:41:01:: is the first one listed (index 1)
- prevent%2:41:00:: is the second one listed (index 2)

So my answer should be {"sense_index": 1}

But let me reconsider once more. Is there any reason to think "prevent vomiting" is Sense 2?

In some analyses, "prevent vomiting" might be seen as preventing the patient from vomiting. But syntactically, it's transitive with a direct object.

Looking at the actual WordNet entries (from my knowledge):
- WordNet 3.1 sense 1: prevent, keep -- (stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state; "We must prevent the cancer from spreading"; "His snoring kept me from falling asleep")
- WordNet 3.1 sense 2: prevent, forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid -- (keep from happening or arising; make impossible; "My sense of tact forbids an honest answer"; "Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project")

Wait, the user has:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible...
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state...

So the user has swapped the order compared to what I recall. The user lists sense 01 first, then sense 00.

In WordNet, the lexicographer files often have:
- prevent.v.01: stop (someone or something) from doing something...
- prevent.v.02: keep from happening or arising...

But the user lists:
1. prevent%2:41:01:: (keep from happening...)
2. prevent%2:41:00:: (stop someone from doing...)

So the user has:
- Index 1: sense 01 (keep from happening)
- Index 2: sense 00 (stop from doing)

Given "prevent vomiting" means to keep vomiting from happening (rather than stopping someone from doing something), and given the pattern that sense 00 typically involves the "from" construction while sense 01 takes direct objects of events, I should choose index 1.

Final check: "prevent dehydration" - dehydration is a state/condition. "Keep from happening" fits well. "Stop from being in a certain state" could also fit (Sense 2), but that would require "prevent the patient from being dehydrated" or similar.

Therefore, Sense 1 (index 1) is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fluid
Target surface form: fluids
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and <t>fluids</t> (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fluid%1:27:02:: | definition=a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
2. sense_key=fluid%1:27:00:: | definition=continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "fluids" in the given medical context.

Target lemma: fluid
Target surface form: fluids
Context: Medical text about Alimta chemotherapy. The specific sentence: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and <t>fluids</t> (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fluid%1:27:02:: | definition=a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
2. sense_key=fluid%1:27:00:: | definition=continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas

Let me analyze these two senses.

Sense 1 (fluid%1:27:02::): "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure" - This seems to refer to substances that are specifically fluid at room temp/pressure. Examples might include things like bodily fluids, but the definition emphasizes the state at room temperature and pressure.

Sense 2 (fluid%1:27:00::): "continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas" - This is the more general, physical definition of fluid as a state of matter (liquid or gas).

In the medical context, "fluids" refers to liquids given to a patient (like saline solution, water, etc.) to prevent dehydration. These are substances that are fluid at room temperature and pressure (sense 1), but they are also continuous amorphous matter that flows (sense 2).

Wait, let me think about WordNet's specific organization. Usually, the more general sense is the first one (00), and the more specific one is the second (02).

Sense 1: "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure" - This is a narrower sense. It refers to specific substances that happen to be fluid under standard conditions. This would cover things like water, oil, bodily fluids, etc. that are liquid at room temp.

Sense 2: "continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas" - This is the general physics/chemistry sense. It includes any liquid or gas.

In the context of medical treatment: "fluids (to prevent dehydration)" - this refers to liquids like saline, water, etc. administered intravenously or orally. These are substances that are fluid at room temperature and pressure.

However, I need to be careful. In medical contexts, "fluids" often refers specifically to liquids (not gases) given to patients. But both senses could potentially cover this.

Let me look at typical WordNet examples if I recall them:
- For fluid%1:27:00:: (the general sense): examples might include "fluid mechanics", "the fluid state"
- For fluid%1:27:02:: (the substance sense): examples might include "body fluid", "drinking fluid"

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- fluid%1:27:00:: is the hypernym for liquid and gas. It's the general physical state.
- fluid%1:27:02:: is a hyponym of substance, referring to substances that are fluid at room temperature and pressure.

In the sentence: "fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given" - this refers to substances like water, saline, etc. that are administered to the patient. These are substances that are fluid at room temperature and pressure. The context is about giving a substance to the patient.

But wait, is there a distinction in WordNet where sense 2 (substance) is the one used for "bodily fluids" and "drinking fluids"? Let me think.

Actually, I should consider: in medical contexts, when doctors give "fluids", they mean liquid substances (like saline, dextrose solutions). These are substances that are fluid at room temperature. This seems to align with sense 1.

However, sense 2 is the broader category. But the gloss for sense 2 says "continuous amorphous matter... a liquid or a gas". Medical fluids are liquids, so they fall under sense 2 as well.

The question is which is the *best* sense. In WSD, we usually prefer the more specific sense if the context supports it. But we need to see what the examples and synonyms suggest.

Sense 1 synonyms might include specific types of fluids? Actually, WordNet doesn't list synonyms in the same way, but the definition "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure" suggests it's a countable/uncountable noun referring to specific materials.

Sense 2 is the general term for the state of matter.

In the context: "fluids (to prevent dehydration)" - this is clearly referring to drinkable/administerable liquids. This is sense 1: substances that are fluid at room temperature. It's not referring to the physics concept of fluids in general (which would include gases), nor is it emphasizing the continuous amorphous matter aspect. It's referring to liquid substances given to patients.

Wait, I need to check if there's a pattern in WordNet. Let me reconsider the sense keys:
- fluid%1:27:00:: - noun.artifact? No, 1:27 is noun.substance.
- fluid%1:27:02:: - also noun.substance.

Actually, both are under noun.substance. Let me think about the WordNet hierarchy.
- Sense 00: fluid = a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure. This is actually the more specific sense? Or is it the general sense?
Wait, I may have mixed them up. Let me re-read:

1. sense_key=fluid%1:27:02:: | definition=a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
2. sense_key=fluid%1:27:00:: | definition=continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas

In WordNet, the sense numbering (00, 02) usually indicates frequency or ordering, but not always specificity. However, 00 is often the most frequent or basic sense.

The definition in sense 2 (00) is the technical physics definition: continuous amorphous matter, liquid or gas. This is the general sense.
The definition in sense 1 (02) is "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure". This is a specific type of substance.

But wait, in WordNet 3.0 or 3.1, I recall:
- fluid#n#1: a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
- fluid#n#2: continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas

Actually, the sense key numbering might be different. The user provides:
1. fluid%1:27:02::
2. fluid%1:27:00::

The offset 00 vs 02. Usually lower numbers are more frequent. But here the user labeled them as 1 and 2.

Let me think about which sense is which in standard WordNet:
- fluid%1:27:00:: is likely the first sense: "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure" OR "continuous amorphous matter..."?

Actually, looking at standard WordNet 3.0:
- fluid (noun):
  1. a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
  2. continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas

Wait, I'm not entirely sure which is 00 and which is 02. But the user has explicitly given the definitions with the sense keys. So I should trust the user's mapping:
- Candidate 1: sense_key=fluid%1:27:02::, definition="a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure"
- Candidate 2: sense_key=fluid%1:27:00::, definition="continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas"

Now, in the medical context: "fluids (to prevent dehydration)". This refers to liquids like water, saline, etc. These are substances that are fluid at room temperature and pressure. The purpose is to hydrate the patient, meaning they need to receive liquid substances.

Does this fit sense 1 or sense 2 better?
- Sense 1: "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure" - This directly describes water, saline, etc. They are substances, and they are fluid at room temperature.
- Sense 2: "continuous amorphous matter... a liquid or a gas" - This is more abstract. It describes the physical nature. While medical fluids are indeed liquids, the context is about administering substances to a patient, not about the physics of states of matter.

In WSD, the more specific sense that captures the intended meaning is usually preferred. Here, "fluids" in a medical context refers to hydrating substances (liquids) given to patients. This aligns with sense 1 (substances fluid at room temperature and pressure).

However, I should consider if "fluids" in medical contexts is often considered the general sense. For example, "intravenous fluids" - are these sense 1 or sense 2? They are substances.

Let me think about similar WSD cases. "Fluid" in "brake fluid" or "body fluid" typically maps to the substance sense (sense 1). "Fluid dynamics" maps to sense 2. "Drinking fluids" or "fluids to prevent dehydration" seems like it would map to the substance sense as well, because it's about ingestible/administerable substances that are liquid at room temperature.

Actually, I want to double-check: is sense 2 perhaps the more general and thus more appropriate? In many WSD tasks, if a word can be interpreted under a general sense, and there's no specific technical context requiring the specialized sense, the general sense wins. But here, the context is clearly about medical substances, not physics.

Also, note the phrase "fluids (to prevent dehydration)". Dehydration is lack of water/liquid in the body. The fluids given are specifically liquid substances at room temperature. They are not gases. Sense 2 includes gases, but in this context, gases would not prevent dehydration. So the specific sense (sense 1) that implies liquids at room temperature is better.

Wait, sense 1 says "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure". Gases are also fluid at room temperature and pressure (e.g., air). But the phrase "fluid at room temperature and pressure" often implies liquids in common parlance, though technically gases are fluids too. However, the definition of sense 2 explicitly mentions "a liquid or a gas", making it clear that gases are included. Sense 1 might be intended to cover substances like water, oil, mercury, etc. that are liquid at standard conditions.

In medical contexts, "fluids" almost always means liquids (specifically water-based solutions). So sense 1 seems better.

But let me reconsider the WordNet ordering. In WordNet, the first sense (lowest offset) of "fluid" as a noun is actually "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure" or the other way around?

Upon reflection, I think in WordNet 3.0:
- fluid#n#1 (offset 11480828?): continuous amorphous matter...
- fluid#n#2 (offset 11481037?): a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure

Actually, I can infer from the sense keys. The user gave:
- fluid%1:27:02:: -> definition 1
- fluid%1:27:00:: -> definition 2

The lexicographer file is noun.substance (1:27). The lex_id is 02 and 00. Usually, 00 is the first sense, 01 second, 02 third, etc. But the user labeled them as candidate 1 and 2. The user's candidate 1 has lex_id 02, candidate 2 has lex_id 00.

If 00 is the first/most frequent sense, it's likely the general one: "continuous amorphous matter...". The 02 might be the second sense: "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure".

In many dictionaries, the general sense comes first. So candidate 2 (fluid%1:27:00::) is likely the general physical sense, and candidate 1 (fluid%1:27:02::) is the specific substance sense.

Given the context is medical administration of liquids to prevent dehydration, the specific substance sense (candidate 1) seems most appropriate.

But I need to be absolutely sure. Let me think about whether "fluids" in "IV fluids" is typically annotated as sense 1 or 2 in WordNet sense inventories.

In SemCor or other corpora:
- "body fluid" -> likely sense 1 (substance)
- "fluid intake" -> likely sense 1 (substance)
- "fluid mechanics" -> sense 2 (general)

The context here: "fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given". This is analogous to "fluid intake" or "administering fluids". It's about the substance given to the patient.

Therefore, the best sense is candidate 1: sense_key=fluid%1:27:02::.

Wait, I should also consider if "fluids" here could be interpreted as the general physical state. The sentence says "fluids... should also be given". You give a substance, not a state of matter. The general sense (continuous amorphous matter) is more of a mass noun concept referring to the class of matter. But when a doctor says "give fluids", they mean specific liquid substances (saline, water). So sense 1 is correct.

One more check: the definition of sense 1 says "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure". IV fluids (like saline) are indeed substances that are fluid (liquid) at room temperature and pressure. This fits perfectly.

Definition 2 says "continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow... a liquid or a gas". While saline is continuous amorphous matter, the phrase "a liquid or a gas" suggests this is the hypernym sense. But in context, we're not talking about the category of matter; we're talking about specific substances to be administered.

Thus, I choose sense index 1.

Wait, the user asks: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." The candidates are labeled 1 and 2. So I should return {"sense_index": 1} or {"sense_index": 2}.

My analysis points to candidate 1 (sense_key=fluid%1:27:02::).

Let me reconsider one more time. Is there any reason to choose sense 2?
- "Fluids" in medicine could be seen as any liquid, and liquid is a type of fluid (sense 2).
- But WordNet sense 2 includes gases, which is clearly not intended here.
- However, WordNet disambiguation often prefers the more general sense if the specific sense doesn't add necessary information. But here, the specific sense (substance at room temp) is exactly what is meant. The general sense would be too broad (includes gases).

Also, in WordNet, sense 1 (substance) is a hyponym of sense 2 (general fluid)? Actually, no. Let me think about the hierarchy. In WordNet:
- fluid (substance) is a hyponym of substance, matter.
- fluid (state of matter) is a hypernym of liquid and gas.

Actually, "a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure" is a specific type of substance. "Continuous amorphous matter..." is a state of matter. They are related but distinct senses.

In the context, "fluids" refers to substances (like saline solutions). So sense 1 is the correct hypernym/hyponym choice.

I will go with sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevent
Target surface form: prevent
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to <t>prevent</t> dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01:: | definition=keep from happening or arising; make impossible | synonyms=forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid | examples=My sense of tact forbids an honest answer; Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project
2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=keep | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "prevent" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose."

 Here, "prevent" is used in the phrase "to prevent dehydration". The context is medical - fluids are given to stop dehydration from happening or to keep dehydration from occurring.

 Now let's look at the two candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01::
    - definition: keep from happening or arising; make impossible
    - synonyms: forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid
    - examples: "My sense of tact forbids an honest answer"; "Your role in the projects precludes your involvement in the competitive project"

 2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00::
    - definition: stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state
    - synonyms: keep
    - examples: "We must prevent the cancer from spreading"; "His snoring kept me from falling asleep"

 Analysis:
 In the context "to prevent dehydration", we are talking about keeping dehydration from happening or arising. Dehydration is a state or condition that the fluids are meant to stop from occurring.

 Sense 1 focuses on "keep from happening or arising" - this seems to fit with preventing dehydration (keeping dehydration from happening).

 Sense 2 focuses on "stop from doing something or being in a certain state" - this could also fit, but let's look more carefully.

 Actually, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1 examples: "forbids an honest answer", "precludes your involvement" - these are about preventing an event/action from happening.
 - Sense 2 examples: "prevent the cancer from spreading" (stopping an ongoing process?), "kept me from falling asleep" (stopping someone from entering a state).

 Wait, let me reconsider. In "prevent dehydration", dehydration is something that could happen as a result of the treatment, and the fluids are given to keep it from happening.

 Sense 1: "keep from happening or arising" - this seems perfect for preventing dehydration (keeping dehydration from arising/happening).

 Sense 2: "stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state" - this might imply stopping something that is already starting or in progress, or preventing entry into a state.

 But actually, looking at the example for Sense 2: "We must prevent the cancer from spreading" - here prevent is used with "from spreading", indicating stopping an ongoing process or preventing a future progression.

 In "prevent dehydration", there's no "from" phrase following it in the text (it's just "to prevent dehydration"), but dehydration is a state/condition that would arise if not for the intervention.

 Let me look at the WordNet distinction more carefully. In WordNet:
 - prevent%2:41:01:: is typically used for preventing events/situations from occurring (prophylactic)
 - prevent%2:41:00:: is typically used for preventing someone/something from doing something (often with "from" + verb-ing)

 In the context "fluids (to prevent dehydration)", we are preventing a condition/state (dehydration) from occurring. This aligns with sense 1 "keep from happening or arising".

 Also, looking at the synonyms:
 - Sense 1: forestall, foreclose, preclude, forbid
 - Sense 2: keep

 "Preclude" and "forestall" fit well with preventing dehydration (precluding dehydration, forestalling dehydration).

 However, I should also consider "prevent vomiting" in the same sentence. "Prevent vomiting" - vomiting is an action/event. Both senses could potentially apply.

 But let's look at the specific phrase "prevent dehydration". Dehydration is a state/condition. Sense 1 says "keep from happening or arising" - dehydration would be an arising condition. Sense 2 says "stop from being in a certain state" - this could also work (stop the patient from being in a state of dehydration).

 But typically in medical contexts, when we say "prevent dehydration", we mean to keep it from happening in the first place (prophylaxis), not to stop someone who is already dehydrated.

 Actually, looking at WordNet's actual usage:
 - Sense 2:41:00 usually takes the structure "prevent X from Y" where Y is an action or state.
 - Sense 2:41:01 is more about making impossible or keeping from happening.

 In the text: "to prevent dehydration" - there's no "from" following it. This structure (prevent + noun direct object) is more typical of sense 1.

 Also, looking at the examples provided:
 - Sense 1 examples use "forbids", "precludes" - these take direct objects or "from" phrases.
 - Sense 2 example: "prevent the cancer from spreading" - explicitly has "from spreading".

 The target usage is "prevent dehydration" (direct object, no "from" phrase following). This aligns better with sense 1.

 Also, semantically:
 - Sense 1: keep from happening (prophylactic)
 - Sense 2: stop from doing/being (could be prophylactic or stopping ongoing)

 In medical contexts, "prevent dehydration" means to keep dehydration from occurring. This is sense 1.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1 (index 1).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=prevent%2:41:01::
 2. sense_key=prevent%2:41:00::

 So sense 1 is the first one listed (index 1), sense 2 is the second one listed (index 2).

 I believe the answer is sense_index: 1.

 But let me double-check by looking at actual WordNet data if possible mentally. In WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
 - prevent.v.01: keep from happening or arising; make impossible
 - prevent.v.02: stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state

 Yes, that's correct. prevent.v.01 is the "preclude/forestall" sense, and prevent.v.02 is the "keep" sense.

 In the context "prevent dehydration", this is clearly prevent.v.01 - keeping dehydration from happening.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dehydration
Target surface form: dehydration
Context:
How is Alimta used? Alimta should only be given under the supervision of a doctor who is qualified in the use of anticancer chemotherapy. The recommended dose of Alimta is 500 mg per square metre of body surface area (calculated using the patient s height and weight). It is given once every three weeks as an intravenous infusion lasting 10 minutes. To reduce side effects, patients should take a corticosteroid and folic acid (a type of vitamin), and receive injections of vitamin B12 during treatment with Alimta. When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent <t>dehydration</t>) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose. Treatment should be delayed or discontinued, or the dose reduced, in patients whose blood counts are abnormal or who have certain other side effects.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:00:: | definition=dryness resulting from the removal of water | synonyms=desiccation
2. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:01:: | definition=depletion of bodily fluids
3. sense_key=dehydration%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of extracting moisture | synonyms=desiccation, drying up, evaporation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "dehydration" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The text is about Alimta (a chemotherapy drug) and its administration. Specifically: "When Alimta is given with cisplatin, an anti-emetic medicine (to prevent vomiting) and fluids (to prevent dehydration) should also be given before or after the cisplatin dose."

Here, "dehydration" refers to a medical condition where the body loses too much fluid, which is a side effect risk when taking cisplatin (a chemotherapy drug that can cause vomiting/nausea, leading to fluid loss). The fluids are given to prevent the patient from becoming dehydrated - i.e., to prevent depletion of bodily fluids.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:00:: | definition=dryness resulting from the removal of water | synonyms=desiccation
   - This seems more like a general state of dryness, perhaps of materials or substances, not specifically a medical condition in a human body.

2. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:01:: | definition=depletion of bodily fluids
   - This directly matches the medical context. The patient is given fluids to prevent depletion of bodily fluids due to vomiting/side effects of chemotherapy.

3. sense_key=dehydration%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of extracting moisture | synonyms=desiccation, drying up, evaporation
   - This is a process, like dehydrating food or a chemical process. The context is about preventing a medical condition/state, not about a process of extracting moisture.

The context clearly refers to a physiological/medical condition where bodily fluids are depleted (due to vomiting caused by cisplatin). Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.

The user wants only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 2}

Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense numbering. The user provided:
1. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:00::
2. sense_key=dehydration%1:26:01::
3. sense_key=dehydration%1:22:00::

So the indices are 1, 2, and 3 as listed. Sense 2 is "depletion of bodily fluids".

Yes, this is correct. The context is medical, about patients receiving fluids to prevent dehydration (loss of bodily fluids due to vomiting). This is clearly sense 2.

I need to return exactly: {"sense_index": 2}