[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stone
Target surface form: stone
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient <t>stone</t> church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stone%1:17:00:: | definition=a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter | synonyms=rock | examples=he threw a rock at me
2. sense_key=stone%1:06:00:: | definition=building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose | examples=he wanted a special stone to mark the site
3. sense_key=stone%1:27:00:: | definition=material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust | synonyms=rock | examples=that mountain is solid rock; stone is abundant in New England and there are many quarries
4. sense_key=stone%1:27:01:: | definition=a crystalline rock that can be cut and polished for jewelry | synonyms=gem, gemstone | examples=he had the gem set in a ring for his wife; she had jewels made of all the rarest stones
5. sense_key=stone%1:23:00:: | definition=an avoirdupois unit used to measure the weight of a human body; equal to 14 pounds | examples=a heavy chap who must have weighed more than twenty stone
6. sense_key=stone%1:20:00:: | definition=the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed | synonyms=pit, endocarp | examples=you should remove the stones from prunes before cooking
7. sense_key=stone%1:18:05:: | definition=United States jurist who was named chief justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1941 by Franklin D. Roosevelt (1872-1946) | synonyms=Harlan Stone, Harlan F. Stone, Harlan Fisk Stone
8. sense_key=stone%1:18:04:: | definition=United States filmmaker (born in 1946) | synonyms=Oliver Stone
9. sense_key=stone%1:18:03:: | definition=United States feminist and suffragist (1818-1893) | synonyms=Lucy Stone
10. sense_key=stone%1:18:02:: | definition=United States journalist who advocated liberal causes (1907-1989) | synonyms=I. F. Stone, Isidor Feinstein Stone
11. sense_key=stone%1:18:01:: | definition=United States jurist who served on the United States Supreme Court as chief justice (1872-1946) | synonyms=Harlan Fiske Stone
12. sense_key=stone%1:18:00:: | definition=United States architect (1902-1978) | synonyms=Edward Durell Stone
13. sense_key=stone%1:07:00:: | definition=a lack of feeling or expression or movement | examples=he must have a heart of stone; her face was as hard as stone

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "stone" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about a rural English scene
- "An ancient <t>stone</t> church stands amid the fields"
- This describes a church made of stone (the material)
- The church is ancient, made of stone, stands in fields
- This refers to the building material

Candidate senses analysis:
1. stone%1:17:00:: - a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter (a rock/stone as an object)
2. stone%1:06:00:: - building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose (a specific shaped stone for building)
3. stone%1:27:00:: - material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust (stone as a substance/material)
4. stone%1:27:01:: - crystalline rock for jewelry (gemstone)
5. stone%1:23:00:: - unit of weight (14 pounds)
6. stone%1:20:00:: - fruit pit
7-12. Various people named Stone
13. stone%1:07:00:: - figurative: heart of stone

In the phrase "stone church", "stone" is modifying "church" to indicate what material the church is made of. This is a material noun usage.

Looking at the options:
- Sense 1: A specific lump of rock (count noun) - "he threw a rock at me"
- Sense 2: Building material that is a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape - this is a bit specific, referring to individual stones used in construction
- Sense 3: Material consisting of aggregate of minerals - this is the general material "stone" or "rock" as a substance
- Sense 13: Figurative

"Stone church" means a church made of stone (the material). This aligns with sense 3: "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust". The examples include "stone is abundant in New England" which treats stone as a material.

However, sense 2 is "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose". This refers to shaped stones used as building material.

In "stone church", does it refer to:
- The general material (sense 3)?
- Or shaped building stones (sense 2)?

Typically, when we say "stone church" or "stone house", we mean constructed from stone (the material). This is sense 3.

But let's look more carefully. Sense 2 definition: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose". This seems to refer to individual stones (like a cornerstone, or building blocks).

Sense 3 definition: "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust". This is the general substance.

In "stone church", "stone" functions as a noun adjunct modifying "church", indicating the material composition. This is most consistent with sense 3 (the material).

However, looking at WordNet examples:
- Sense 2 examples: "he wanted a special stone to mark the site" - this is a specific shaped stone
- Sense 3 examples: "that mountain is solid rock; stone is abundant in New England and there are many quarries" - this is about stone as a general material/substance

"Stone church" uses "stone" to indicate the building material in general. It parallels "brick church" or "wooden church". This is sense 3.

Wait, let me reconsider. In WordNet, there's often a distinction between:
- The countable object (a stone/rock)
- The substance/material (stone as a mass noun)
- The building material

Sense 1: "a lump or mass..." - this is the countable object (a stone)
Sense 3: "material consisting of..." - this is the mass noun material
Sense 2: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn..." - this is also a countable object but specifically as building material

Actually, looking at the WordNet structure:
- 1:17 is "object, physical object" (a stone you can throw)
- 1:27 is "substance, matter" (the material)
- 1:06 is "artifact" (a shaped stone for building)

In "stone church", it's describing the material the church is made of. Churches are made of stone (material). This would be sense 3.

But "stone" can also function as an adjective here. In WordNet, "stone" as an adjective might map to different senses, but here we're looking at the noun uses being used attributively.

Actually, looking at typical WSD for "stone" in "stone building":
- It usually maps to sense 3 (the material) or sometimes sense 2.

But sense 2 specifically mentions "hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose". In a stone church, the stones are indeed hewn and shaped for building. However, "stone church" refers to the general material.

Let me check the examples again:
- Sense 3: "stone is abundant in New England" - clearly the material
- Sense 2: "he wanted a special stone to mark the site" - a specific stone object

"Stone church" uses "stone" attributively to mean "made of stone". This corresponds to the material sense (sense 3).

However, I should check if there's a specific sense for building material. Sense 2 is under noun.artifact, while sense 3 is under noun.substance.

"Stone church" = church made of stone (substance). So sense 3.

But wait, looking at the definition of sense 2 again: "building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape for a special purpose". This is a specific type of building block.

And sense 3: "material consisting of the aggregate of minerals..." - this is the raw material.

When we say "stone church", we mean constructed from stone (blocks). But the word "stone" here refers to the material class.

I think sense 3 is the best fit. It's the general material sense.

But let me double-check with the context. "An ancient stone church" - this is a church constructed from stone. The stone is the building material.

In WordNet:
- sense 2 (1:06:00): building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn...
- sense 3 (1:27:00): material consisting of aggregate of minerals...

The key difference is that sense 2 refers to individual shaped pieces (like ashlar stones), while sense 3 refers to the substance generally.

"Stone church" can be paraphrased as "church made of stone" where "stone" is the substance. This is sense 3.

However, looking at similar WSD tasks, "stone wall" or "stone building" often maps to sense 3 (the material).

Actually, looking at the synsets:
- stone%1:27:00 is the substance (rock)
- stone%1:06:00 is the artifact (a shaped stone)

In "stone church", if we consider "stone" as a noun adjunct, it's typically classified under the substance sense when referring to material composition.

Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 3.

Wait, I need to be careful. The candidate senses are numbered 1-13 in the prompt. The user wants the "sense_index" which corresponds to the numbering in the list provided.

So:
1. sense_key=stone%1:17:00::
2. sense_key=stone%1:06:00::
3. sense_key=stone%1:27:00::
4. sense_key=stone%1:27:01::
...

So if I choose sense 3 (the material/substance sense), the index is 3.

Let me verify once more:
- "An ancient stone church" - church made of stone
- This is the material stone (rock), not a specific gemstone (4), not a weight (5), not a fruit pit (6), not a person (7-12), not figurative (13), not a thrown rock (1), not specifically a shaped building block (2) though related.

Actually, thinking about it more, "stone church" could be interpreted as a church built of stones (individual pieces). But the attributive use "stone" in "stone church" is most directly the material sense.

Sense 2 is specifically about a piece of rock hewn for a special purpose. While churches are made of such stones, the word "stone" in "stone church" describes the material.

I think sense 3 is correct.

But to be thorough, let me consider if it could be sense 2. "Building material consisting of a piece of rock hewn in a definite shape". If "stone church" means a church made of (building) stones, then it could be sense 2. However, sense 2 is singular "a piece of rock", suggesting the countable sense of individual stones, whereas "stone" as a material modifier is typically the mass noun sense (sense 3).

Also, the example for sense 2: "he wanted a special stone to mark the site" - this is a specific stone object, not the material generally.

The example for sense 3: "stone is abundant in New England" - this is the material.

Therefore, for "stone church", sense 3 is the best fit.

One final check: Could it be sense 1? "A lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter" - this would imply the church is a lump of rock, which doesn't make sense. So no.

So the answer is sense_index: 3.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone <t>church</t> stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "church" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "An ancient stone <t>church</t> stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."

 Key clues:
 - "ancient stone" - describes a physical building
 - "stands amid the fields" - physical location
 - "its tower" - physical structure
 - "sound of bells cascading from its tower" - bells are in the tower of a building
 - "church door" - physical door of a building

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
    - This refers to a denomination or sect (e.g., Catholic Church, Anglican Church)
    - Not a physical building
    - Doesn't fit "ancient stone church stands"

 2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
    - This refers to the physical building
    - "ancient stone church" - stone building
    - "stands amid the fields" - building standing
    - "its tower" - building has a tower
    - This fits perfectly

 3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
    - This refers to the service/worship event itself
    - You can't say a service is made of stone or has a tower
    - Doesn't fit

 4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week
    - This refers to the congregation/people
    - People aren't made of stone and don't have towers
    - Doesn't fit

 The context clearly describes a physical building made of stone with a tower where bells ring. This is sense 2: "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" / "church building".

 The answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Moonshot AI

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stand
Target surface form: stands
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church <t>stands</t> amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stand%2:35:00:: | definition=be standing; be upright | synonyms=stand up | examples=We had to stand for the entire performance!
2. sense_key=stand%2:42:04:: | definition=be in some specified state or condition | examples=I stand corrected
3. sense_key=stand%2:42:03:: | definition=occupy a place or location, also metaphorically | examples=We stand on common ground
4. sense_key=stand%2:42:00:: | definition=hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright | synonyms=remain firm | examples=I am standing my ground and won't give in!
5. sense_key=stand%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, tolerate | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
6. sense_key=stand%2:31:01:: | definition=have or maintain a position or stand on an issue | examples=Where do you stand on the War?
7. sense_key=stand%2:42:06:: | definition=remain inactive or immobile | examples=standing water
8. sense_key=stand%2:42:02:: | definition=be in effect; be or remain in force | examples=The law stands!
9. sense_key=stand%2:42:01:: | definition=be tall; have a height of; copula | examples=She stands 6 feet tall
10. sense_key=stand%2:35:01:: | definition=put into an upright position | synonyms=stand up, place upright | examples=Can you stand the bookshelf up?
11. sense_key=stand%2:33:00:: | definition=withstand the force of something | synonyms=resist, fend | examples=The trees resisted her; stand the test of time
12. sense_key=stand%2:35:10:: | definition=be available for stud services | examples=male domestic animals such as stallions serve selected females

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "stands" in the given context.

 Context: "An ancient stone church <t>stands</t> amid the fields..."

 The sentence describes a church being located in/among the fields. It's describing the physical position/location of the church.

 Let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=stand%2:35:00:: | definition=be standing; be upright | synonyms=stand up | examples=We had to stand for the entire performance!
    - This is about being upright/vertical, like a person standing. While a church is upright, this sense usually implies active standing or being vertical as opposed to sitting/lying.

 2. sense_key=stand%2:42:04:: | definition=be in some specified state or condition | examples=I stand corrected
    - This is metaphorical state, not physical location.

 3. sense_key=stand%2:42:03:: | definition=occupy a place or location, also metaphorically | examples=We stand on common ground
    - This fits well. "Occupy a place or location" - the church occupies a place amid the fields.

 4. sense_key=stand%2:42:00:: | definition=hold one's ground; maintain a position; be steadfast or upright | synonyms=remain firm | examples=I am standing my ground and won't give in!
    - This is about maintaining a position against opposition, not physical location.

 5. sense_key=stand%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant...
    - Not relevant.

 6. sense_key=stand%2:31:01:: | definition=have or maintain a position or stand on an issue...
    - Opinion/stance, not physical.

 7. sense_key=stand%2:42:06:: | definition=remain inactive or immobile | examples=standing water
    - This is about being still/stagnant, not about being located somewhere.

 8. sense_key=stand%2:42:00:: (wait, this index is same as 4? No, looking at the list...)
    Actually looking carefully:
    4 is stand%2:42:00::
    8 is stand%2:42:02::
    9 is stand%2:42:01::

    8: be in effect; be or remain in force - not relevant.

 9. sense_key=stand%2:42:01:: | definition=be tall; have a height of; copula | examples=She stands 6 feet tall
    - This is about height measurement.

 10. sense_key=stand%2:35:01:: | definition=put into an upright position...
     - Transitive, causative.

 11. sense_key=stand%2:33:00:: | definition=withstand the force of something...
     - Not relevant.

 12. sense_key=stand%2:35:10:: | definition=be available for stud services...
     - Not relevant.

 Now, between sense 1 and sense 3:

 Sense 1 (stand%2:35:00::): "be standing; be upright" - This is the posture sense, typically used for people or things that can assume an upright posture. Examples: "We had to stand for the entire performance."

 Sense 3 (stand%2:42:03::): "occupy a place or location, also metaphorically" - Examples: "We stand on common ground"

 In the context "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields", this is describing the church being situated/located in the fields. This is a classic use of "stand" to mean "be situated" or "be located".

 However, I need to check if this is sense 1 or sense 3. In WordNet, sense 1 (stand%2:35:00::) is typically the "be upright" sense for animate beings or things that "stand" as opposed to "lie" or "sit".

 But for buildings, "stand" often means "be situated" (sense 3) or could mean "be upright" (sense 1).

 Let me look at the examples more carefully:

 Sense 1 examples: "We had to stand for the entire performance!" - This is about people standing on their feet.

 Sense 3 examples: "We stand on common ground" - This is metaphorical location, but the definition says "occupy a place or location, also metaphorically".

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure, for buildings and objects, "stand" usually falls under the "be located" sense. But let me verify the specific sense keys.

 stand%2:42:03:: is "occupy a place or location, also metaphorically"

 stand%2:35:00:: is "be standing; be upright"

 For a church standing in a field, both could apply - it is upright and it is located there. But the primary meaning in this descriptive context is about its location/situation in the landscape. The phrase "stands amid the fields" emphasizes its position in the rural setting.

 However, looking at typical WSD for "stand" with buildings:
 - "The house stands on a hill" - this is usually sense 3 (occupy a place/location) or sometimes considered a specific locational sense.

 Wait, looking at the sense indices:
 1. stand%2:35:00:: - be standing; be upright
 3. stand%2:42:03:: - occupy a place or location, also metaphorically

 In many WSD datasets, "The church stands in the village" would be labeled as the locational sense (occupy a place).

 But I should check if there's a specific sense for "be situated". Looking at the list, sense 3 seems to be the one.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet sense ordering:
 - stand.v.01: be standing; be upright (sense 1)
 - stand.v.02: be in some specified state or condition (sense 2)
 - stand.v.03: occupy a place or location, also metaphorically (sense 3)

 Yes, sense 3 is "occupy a place or location".

 In the context: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields" - this is clearly describing the location of the church. It's not emphasizing that it's upright (as opposed to fallen), but rather that it is situated there, existing in that spot in the landscape.

 Therefore, sense 3 (stand%2:42:03::) is the best fit.

 Wait, I need to be careful. The index in the output should correspond to the numbering in the candidate list. The candidate list shows:

 1. sense_key=stand%2:35:00::
 2. sense_key=stand%2:42:04::
 3. sense_key=stand%2:42:03::
 4. sense_key=stand%2:42:00::
 ...

 So if I choose sense_key=stand%2:42:03::, that is index 3 in the list.

 But let me double-check if sense 1 could be correct. "Be standing; be upright" - a church can be described as "standing" meaning it is erect/not ruined. But in the context "amid the fields", the locational aspect is primary. The description is about the scene - the church is located in the fields, with bells ringing. It's about the setting.

 Also, comparing with "standing water" (sense 7) which is about being stagnant/immobile, that's different.

 And "be tall" (sense 9) is about height.

 So yes, sense 3 is correct: "occupy a place or location, also metaphorically".

 The example given for sense 3 is "We stand on common ground" which is metaphorical, but the definition explicitly includes non-metaphorical location: "occupy a place or location".

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: field
Target surface form: fields
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the <t>fields</t>, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=field%1:15:00:: | definition=a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed | examples=he planted a field of wheat
2. sense_key=field%1:15:04:: | definition=a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought | synonyms=battlefield, battleground, field of battle, field of honor | examples=they made a tour of Civil War battlefields
3. sense_key=field%1:15:01:: | definition=somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected | examples=anthropologists do much of their work in the field
4. sense_key=field%1:09:00:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field of study, study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
5. sense_key=field%1:19:00:: | definition=the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it | synonyms=field of force, force field
6. sense_key=field%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular kind of commercial enterprise | synonyms=field of operation, line of business | examples=they are outstanding in their field
7. sense_key=field%1:26:00:: | definition=a particular environment or walk of life | synonyms=sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena | examples=his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment
8. sense_key=field%1:15:02:: | definition=a piece of land prepared for playing a game | synonyms=playing field, athletic field, playing area | examples=the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field
9. sense_key=field%1:17:00:: | definition=extensive tract of level open land | synonyms=plain, champaign | examples=they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain; he longed for the fields of his youth
10. sense_key=field%1:14:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a set of elements such that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative and multiplication is distributive over addition and there are two elements 0 and 1 | examples=the set of all rational numbers is a field
11. sense_key=field%1:15:03:: | definition=a region in which active military operations are in progress | synonyms=field of operations, theater, theater of operations, theatre, theatre of operations | examples=the army was in the field awaiting action; he served in the Vietnam theater for three years
12. sense_key=field%1:14:01:: | definition=all of the horses in a particular horse race
13. sense_key=field%1:14:02:: | definition=all the competitors in a particular contest or sporting event
14. sense_key=field%1:15:05:: | definition=a geographic region (land or sea) under which something valuable is found | examples=the diamond fields of South Africa
15. sense_key=field%1:14:03:: | definition=(computer science) a set of one or more adjacent characters comprising a unit of information
16. sense_key=field%1:09:01:: | definition=the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument) | synonyms=field of view
17. sense_key=field%1:06:00:: | definition=a place where planes take off and land | synonyms=airfield, landing field, flying field

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "fields" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text describes a rural English scene: "An ancient stone church stands amid the <t>fields</t>"
 - It's describing a landscape: "rural England", "ancient stone church", "amid the fields"
 - The scene evokes countryside imagery
 - "Fields" here refers to open land, agricultural or pastoral land surrounding a church

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. field%1:15:00:: - "a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed" - example: "he planted a field of wheat"
    - This fits well. It's agricultural land, cleared, enclosed (possibly by hedges in England), and fits the rural scene.

 2. field%1:15:04:: - battlefield - doesn't fit, no battle context.

 3. field%1:15:01:: - "somewhere (away from a studio...) where practical work is done" - doesn't fit, this is about location for work/research.

 4. field%1:09:00:: - branch of knowledge - doesn't fit.

 5. field%1:19:00:: - electromagnetic field - doesn't fit.

 6. field%1:04:00:: - commercial enterprise - doesn't fit.

 7. field%1:26:00:: - environment/walk of life - metaphorical, not the literal land here.

 8. field%1:15:02:: - "a piece of land prepared for playing a game" - sports field - doesn't fit the church in rural England context.

 9. field%1:17:00:: - "extensive tract of level open land" - synonyms: plain, champaign - example: "he longed for the fields of his youth"
    - This could also fit. It emphasizes "level open land" which could describe rural fields.

 10. field%1:14:00:: - mathematics field - doesn't fit.

 11. field%1:15:03:: - military operations - doesn't fit.

 12. field%1:14:01:: - horses in a race - doesn't fit.

 13. field%1:14:02:: - competitors - doesn't fit.

 14. field%1:15:05:: - geographic region under which something valuable is found - diamond fields - doesn't fit.

 15. field%1:14:03:: - computer science - doesn't fit.

 16. field%1:09:01:: - field of view - doesn't fit.

 17. field%1:06:00:: - airfield - doesn't fit.

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 9.

 Sense 1: "a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed" - this is the agricultural field sense (field for crops, pasture).
 Sense 9: "extensive tract of level open land" - this is more like plains, prairies, open countryside.

 In the context of "rural England", "ancient stone church stands amid the fields", and the mention of "he planted a field of wheat" as an example for sense 1, sense 1 seems more appropriate. The word "fields" in English countryside typically refers to enclosed parcels of agricultural land (hence "usually enclosed" in the definition).

 However, sense 9 has the example "he longed for the fields of his youth" which is poetic and similar to the nostalgic tone here. But sense 9 emphasizes "level open land" like plains, while English fields are often rolling, hedged, and not necessarily "extensive tract of level open land" in the same way as plains.

 Also, sense 1 is the first sense listed (field%1:15:00::) which is often the most common sense. The context of "amid the fields" suggests the church is surrounded by agricultural land or pastures, which fits sense 1 perfectly.

 Let me check the WordNet definitions more carefully:

 Sense 1: field%1:15:00:: - "a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed"
 Sense 9: field%1:17:00:: - "extensive tract of level open land" - synonyms: plain, champaign

 In the context of an English village with a church, "fields" typically refers to the surrounding farmland - cleared, enclosed (by hedges or walls), used for agriculture or grazing. This matches sense 1.

 Sense 9 would be more appropriate for "the plains of the Midwest" or similar.

 Therefore, the best sense is 1.

 Wait, I need to check the index numbers. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=field%1:15:00::
 2. sense_key=field%1:15:04::
 ...
 9. sense_key=field%1:17:00::

 So sense_index would be 1.

 But let me double-check if there's any other possibility. Could it be sense 9? The example "he longed for the fields of his youth" is very similar in tone to the nostalgic description here. However, the phrase "amid the fields" suggests the church is physically located among agricultural parcels, not necessarily on a vast plain.

 Also, in WordNet, sense 1 (field%1:15:00::) is the specific sense for cultivated land, while sense 9 (field%1:17:00::) is for open land/natural plains. Given the context of rural England with agriculture implied (though not explicitly stated), and the typical usage of "fields" to mean farmland, sense 1 is better.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 9: "they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain; he longed for the fields of his youth" - this suggests sense 9 is more about open countryside, meadows, pastures, not necessarily cultivated crop fields.

 But sense 1 has "he planted a field of wheat" - clearly agricultural.

 In the context, the church stands "amid the fields" - this could be either, but given the English countryside context, fields are typically enclosed agricultural lands.

 I think sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sound
Target surface form: sound
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the <t>sound</t> of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sound%1:07:00:: | definition=the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause | examples=the sound of rain on the roof; the beautiful sound of music
2. sense_key=sound%1:09:00:: | definition=the subjective sensation of hearing something | synonyms=auditory sensation | examples=he strained to hear the faint sounds
3. sense_key=sound%1:19:00:: | definition=mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium | examples=falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them
4. sense_key=sound%1:11:00:: | definition=the sudden occurrence of an audible event | examples=the sound awakened them
5. sense_key=sound%1:10:00:: | definition=the audible part of a transmitted signal | synonyms=audio | examples=they always raise the audio for commercials
6. sense_key=sound%1:10:01:: | definition=(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language | synonyms=phone, speech sound
7. sense_key=sound%1:17:01:: | definition=a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water | synonyms=strait
8. sense_key=sound%1:17:00:: | definition=a large ocean inlet or deep bay | examples=the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "sound" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about change-ringing (bell ringing) in England
 - "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower"
 - The "sound" here refers to what is heard when bells ring
 - It's describing the auditory effect of the bells ringing

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. sense_key=sound%1:07:00:: | definition=the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause | examples=the sound of rain on the roof; the beautiful sound of music
    - This seems to fit well. The "sound of bells" is the particular auditory effect produced by the bells ringing.
    - The example "the sound of rain on the roof" is very similar in structure to "the sound of bells"

 2. sense_key=sound%1:09:00:: | definition=the subjective sensation of hearing something | synonyms=auditory sensation | examples=he strained to hear the faint sounds
    - This refers to the sensation/perception in the listener's mind, not the physical phenomenon or the effect itself.
    - The context is describing the sound emanating from the tower (objective), not someone's subjective sensation of hearing it.

 3. sense_key=sound%1:19:00:: | definition=mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium | examples=falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them
    - This is the physics definition - sound waves/vibrations.
    - While technically related, in literary contexts like this, we usually refer to the auditory effect (sense 1) rather than the physical vibrations (sense 3).
    - The example about falling trees emphasizes the physical existence independent of observers, which is not the focus here.

 4. sense_key=sound%1:11:00:: | definition=the sudden occurrence of an audible event | examples=the sound awakened them
    - This refers to a specific sudden noise/event.
    - The bells cascading creates a continuous sound, not necessarily a sudden occurrence (though bells do ring, "cascading" suggests flowing/continuous).
    - Also, "the sound of bells" is more about the quality/character of what is heard (the auditory effect) rather than a sudden event.

 5. sense_key=sound%1:10:00:: | definition=the audible part of a transmitted signal | synonyms=audio | examples=they always raise the audio for commercials
    - This is about audio signals in broadcasting/technology. Not relevant here.

 6. sense_key=sound%1:10:01:: | definition=(phonetics) an individual sound unit of speech | synonyms=phone, speech sound
    - This is about phonetics/linguistics. Not relevant here.

 7. sense_key=sound%1:17:01:: | definition=a narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water | synonyms=strait
    - Geographic meaning. Not relevant.

 8. sense_key=sound%1:17:00:: | definition=a large ocean inlet or deep bay | examples=the main body of the sound ran parallel to the coast
    - Geographic meaning. Not relevant.

 Comparison between sense 1 and sense 3:
 - Sense 1: "the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause" - This is the perceptual quality, what you hear.
 - Sense 3: "mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium" - This is the physical phenomenon.

 In the context of describing a scene with "the sound of bells cascading from its tower", this is clearly referring to what can be heard - the auditory effect. The example in sense 1 "the sound of rain on the roof" is almost exactly parallel to "the sound of bells".

 Also, looking at WordNet's hierarchy:
 - Sense 1 is under noun.artifact? No, let me check... actually looking at the sense keys:
   - %1:07:00 - noun.attribute? No, 07 is... actually in WordNet sense keys, the numbers represent lexicographer files.
   - 07 is noun.attribute? Let me recall... actually:
     - 03: noun.animal
     - 06: noun.artifact
     - 07: noun.attribute? No, that's not right.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet lexicographer file numbers:
 - 03: noun.animal
 - 06: noun.artifact
 - 07: noun.attribute
 - 09: noun.cognition
 - 10: noun.communication
 - 11: noun.event
 - 17: noun.object
 - 19: noun.phenomenon

 So:
 1. sound%1:07:00:: - noun.attribute (the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause)
 2. sound%1:09:00:: - noun.cognition (the subjective sensation...)
 3. sound%1:19:00:: - noun.phenomenon (mechanical vibrations...)
 4. sound%1:11:00:: - noun.event (the sudden occurrence...)
 5. sound%1:10:00:: - noun.communication (the audible part of a transmitted signal)
 6. sound%1:10:01:: - noun.communication (phonetics...)
 7. sound%1:17:01:: - noun.object (narrow channel...)
 8. sound%1:17:00:: - noun.object (large ocean inlet...)

 Sense 1 (noun.attribute) refers to the quality or property of the auditory experience - "the sound of music", "the sound of rain". This fits perfectly with "the sound of bells".

 Sense 3 (noun.phenomenon) is the physical phenomenon of sound waves.

 In literary/descriptive contexts like this, when we say "the sound of bells", we mean the auditory effect/perceptual experience (sense 1), not the physical vibrations (sense 3).

 The example "the sound of rain on the roof" in sense 1 is a perfect match for the syntactic and semantic pattern here.

 Therefore, the best sense is index 1.

 Wait, I need to be careful. The user lists the senses with indices 1-8. I need to return the index number.

 Sense 1: sound%1:07:00::
 Sense 2: sound%1:09:00::
 Sense 3: sound%1:19:00::
 Sense 4: sound%1:11:00::
 Sense 5: sound%1:10:00::
 Sense 6: sound%1:10:01::
 Sense 7: sound%1:17:01::
 Sense 8: sound%1:17:00::

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me double-check if it could be sense 3. Sense 3 examples: "falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them" - this emphasizes the physical reality of the sound waves independent of perception. The context here is describing a sensory experience of a rural scene - the loveliness of the scene includes hearing the bells. It's about the aesthetic auditory effect (the beautiful sound of bells), which aligns with sense 1.

 Also, sense 1 is the most common/general sense for "sound" when referring to what you hear from something (sound of music, sound of rain, sound of bells).

 Decision: sense_index 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of <t>bells</t> cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "bells" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about change-ringing (a method of ringing church bells)
- It mentions "an ancient stone church" with "sound of bells cascading from its tower"
- It mentions "calling the faithful to evensong" (a church service)
- It mentions "the distant toll of church bells" in one of the examples for sense 3

Candidate senses analysis:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: - "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - This is the physical bell object.
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: - "a push button at an outer door..." - This is a doorbell, not relevant here.
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: - "the sound of a bell being struck" - This refers to the sound itself, not the physical object. The example mentions "saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells"
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: - nautical time units - not relevant to church bells.
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: - shape of a bell - not relevant.
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: - Melville Bell (person) - not relevant.
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: - Vanessa Bell (person) - not relevant.
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: - Alexander Graham Bell - not relevant.
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: - "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells..." - chimes/gongs - could be relevant but usually refers to orchestral instruments like tubular bells or handbells.
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: - flared opening of tubular device - not relevant.

Now deciding between sense 1 and sense 3:
- Sense 1 is the physical device (bell%1:06:00::)
- Sense 3 is the sound (bell%1:11:00::)

The context says: "the sound of bells cascading from its tower"

The phrase "sound of bells" suggests we might be referring to the sound (sense 3), but "bells cascading" could imply physical bells. However, the crucial element is "the sound of <t>bells</t>" - the word "bells" here refers to the objects making the sound, not the sound itself.

Wait, let me look more carefully.

"the sound of bells cascading from its tower"

Here "bells" is the object that is producing the sound and cascading (ringing). The bells are in the tower. This refers to the physical objects (church bells).

However, sense 3 examples include: "she heard the distant toll of church bells" - this shows "bells" being used to refer to the sound in that example? No, "toll of church bells" - the toll is the sound, the bells are the instruments.

Actually, looking at sense 3 definition: "the sound of a bell being struck" - this is the sound itself.
Sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal..." - this is the physical object.

In the phrase "sound of bells", "bells" refers to the physical objects that make the sound. The word "sound" is separate. So "bells" should be sense 1.

But wait: "casting from its tower" - bells are cast? No, "cascading" - the sound is cascading? Or the bells are cascading?

Let me re-read: "the sound of bells cascading from its tower"

Actually, looking at the text: "the sound of <t>bells</t> cascading from its tower"

This could mean:
1. The sound [of bells cascading from its tower] - bells as objects
2. [The sound of bells] cascading from its tower - sound cascading?

"Cascading" usually describes sound flowing down, or water. For physical bells to cascade from a tower would mean they are falling, which doesn't make sense. So "cascading" describes the sound.

"the sound of bells" - here "sound" is the head noun, and "of bells" is a prepositional modifier. But wait, the target is "bells", not "sound".

Actually, looking at the structure:
"the sound of <t>bells</t> cascading from its tower"

This is ambiguous. It could mean:
- The sound [of bells] [cascading from its tower]
- The [sound of bells] [cascading]

But "cascading from its tower" most likely modifies "bells" - meaning the bells that are in the tower making a cascading sound? Or the bells producing sound that cascades?

Actually, "cascading" is a present participle. It could be:
- "bells cascading from its tower" - bells falling down from the tower (unlikely)
- "sound cascading from its tower" - sound flowing down from the tower (likely)

So the structure is likely: [the sound of bells] [cascading from its tower]
Or: the sound [of bells cascading from its tower]

But bells don't cascade from towers in the sense of falling (usually). However, sound does cascade.

Wait, "cascading" describing sound is common - sound cascading over the fields, etc.

But the target word is "bells". So what are the bells doing? Are they cascading? Or is the sound cascading?

If it's "the sound of bells", then "bells" is part of a prepositional phrase describing what kind of sound.

But actually, looking at the sentence again:
"the sound of <t>bells</t> cascading from its tower"

I think the most natural reading is that "cascading from its tower" modifies "sound", not "bells". The sound of bells is cascading from the tower. The bells are in the tower, producing the sound that cascades down.

Therefore, "bells" refers to the physical objects (the church bells in the tower).

This would be sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck"

But let's check sense 3 again. Sense 3 is "the sound of a bell being struck". The example is "she heard the distant toll of church bells".

In "toll of church bells", "toll" is the sound, "bells" are the instruments.

Similarly, in "sound of bells", "sound" is the auditory sensation, "bells" are the sources.

So "bells" should be the physical object (sense 1).

But wait, there's also sense 9: "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells..." - this refers to things like orchestral bells, tubular bells, etc., not church bells specifically.

Sense 1 is the general bell - "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck" - this covers church bells.

However, looking at the examples for sense 3: "saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells"

The example "she heard the distant toll of church bells" shows "bells" being used in the context of hearing them, but "toll" is the sound word.

Actually, looking carefully at WordNet sense 3: "the sound of a bell being struck" - this synset represents the sound itself. The word "bell" in this sense refers to the sound, not the object.

So if the text said "the bells could be heard across the valley", that would be ambiguous. But "sound of bells" clearly has "sound" as the main noun.

Therefore, sense 1 is correct: the physical bell.

But let me reconsider the "change-ringing" context. Change-ringing is the art of ringing church bells. The bells are physical objects.

Also, "calling the faithful to evensong" - church bells do this.

So sense 1 seems right.

But there's a subtlety. In WordNet, sense 1 is the general physical bell. Sense 9 is specifically for tuned bells as a percussion instrument (like orchestral chimes).

Church bells are usually sense 1.

However, I should verify if "bells" in "change-ringing" could be sense 9. Change-ringing specifically refers to church bells, tower bells, not orchestral percussion instruments. So sense 1.

Therefore, the answer should be sense 1.

Wait, I need to look at the index numbers. The user lists them as 1-10. So sense_index should be 1.

But let me double-check if sense 3 could be correct. If the text was emphasizing the sound rather than the objects... but the text says "the sound of bells", not "the bells" alone implying the sound.

Actually, looking at common usage: "I love the sound of bells" - here "bells" refers to the instruments making the sound.

Compare with: "The bells rang out" - here "bells" is the subject, the physical things.

"The sound of bells" - bells are the source.

Also, if it were sense 3, the definition is "the sound of a bell being struck". You wouldn't say "the sound of the sound of a bell..." which would be redundant.

Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

One final check: sense 9 is "a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells..." - could this fit? Church bells are tuned, and they are a set... but they are not typically referred to as a "percussion instrument" in the orchestral sense in this context. Change-ringing uses church bells, which are hanging bells, not the orchestral bell sets (like tubular bells or hand bells used in orchestras). So sense 1 is more appropriate.

The answer is sense 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cascade
Target surface form: cascading
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells <t>cascading</t> from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cascade%2:38:00:: | definition=rush down in big quantities, like a cascade | synonyms=cascade down
2. sense_key=cascade%2:35:00:: | definition=arrange (open windows) on a computer desktop so that they overlap each other, with the title bars visible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "cascading" in the given context.

 Target lemma: cascade
 Target surface form: cascading
 Context: "The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English... the sound of bells <t>cascading</t> from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong."

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=cascade%2:38:00:: | definition=rush down in big quantities, like a cascade | synonyms=cascade down
 2. sense_key=cascade%2:35:00:: | definition=arrange (open windows) on a computer desktop so that they overlap each other, with the title bars visible

 Analysis:
 - Sense 1 (cascade%2:38:00::): This is the physical sense of something flowing or falling down, like water cascading down a waterfall. The definition says "rush down in big quantities, like a cascade" and synonyms include "cascade down".
 - Sense 2 (cascade%2:35:00::): This is the computing sense about arranging windows on a desktop.

 In the context provided: "the sound of bells <t>cascading</t> from its tower"

 The word "cascading" here describes the sound of bells coming down from the tower. This is a metaphorical extension of the physical sense (sense 1) - the sound is flowing or falling down like water would cascade. It's definitely not about arranging computer windows (sense 2).

 The verb "cascade" in sense 1 means to fall or pour down in a manner resembling a waterfall. While literally bells don't pour down, the sound of bells can be described as cascading from the tower - meaning the sound flows down, spreads down from the tower in waves or quantities.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 Wait, let me double-check WordNet sense keys:
 - cascade%2:38:00:: - this is the verb "cascade" in WordNet, likely the motion sense
 - cascade%2:35:00:: - this would be the computer sense (creation/contact/arrangement?)

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
 - WordNet 3.0/3.1:
   - cascade (v) 1: "rush down in big quantities, like a cascade" [syn: cascade down]
   - cascade (v) 2: "arrange (open windows) on a computer desktop so that they overlap each other, with the title bars visible"

 Yes, so sense index 1 is the physical rushing down sense, and sense index 2 is the computer window arrangement sense.

 The context is clearly about bells in a church tower and the sound falling/rushing down. This matches sense 1.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its <t>tower</t>, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "tower" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about change-ringing (bell ringing) in England
 - It mentions "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its <t>tower</t>"
 - This is clearly referring to a church tower, which is a tall structure attached to or part of a church building
 - The bells are ringing from this tower

 Candidate senses:
 1. tower%1:06:00:: - a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
 2. tower%1:25:00:: - anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower (synonyms: column, pillar)
 3. tower%1:06:01:: - a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships (tugboat)

 Analysis:
 - Sense 3 is clearly wrong - this is not about boats.
 - Sense 2 refers to shapes like "a tower of dust" or "column of white powder" - metaphorical or shape-based uses.
 - Sense 1 refers to actual physical structures, specifically "can stand alone or be attached to a larger building" - this fits a church tower perfectly.

 The church tower is a structure taller than its diameter, attached to the church building, from which bells ring.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (tower%1:06:00::).

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: calling
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, <t>calling</t> the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "calling" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about change-ringing (bell ringing) in England
 - "the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong"
 - The bells are making a sound that summons or invites the faithful to come to church for evensong (evening prayer/service)

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. assign a name - doesn't fit
 2. ascribe a quality - doesn't fit
 3. telephone - doesn't fit (bells aren't telephoning)
 4. utter a sudden loud cry - bells do make noise, but "cry" usually implies human/animal vocalization, and the purpose here is summoning
 5. order, request, or command to come - this fits well. The bells are summoning/requesting the faithful to come to church. Synonyms: "send for". Examples: "She was called into the director's office; Call the police!" - this is about summoning people to come.
 6. pay a brief visit - doesn't fit
 7. call a meeting - could be close, but this is specifically about summoning people to a meeting/event
 8. read aloud to check - doesn't fit
 9. send a message by radio/phone - doesn't fit
 10. utter a characteristic note or cry - this could fit for bells making sound, but the specific context is about summoning people to church
 11. stop/postpone - doesn't fit
 12. greet/address - doesn't fit
 13. stop in harbour - doesn't fit
 14. demand payment - doesn't fit
 15. make a demand (cards) - doesn't fit
 16. give calls for square dance - doesn't fit
 17. indicate a decision - doesn't fit
 18. make a prediction - doesn't fit
 19. require presentation for redemption - doesn't fit
 20. challenge somebody - doesn't fit
 21. declare as umpire - doesn't fit
 22. lure by imitating animal call - doesn't fit
 23. order or request/command for - this is close to sense 5, but sense 5 is "order, request, or command to come" which fits better for summoning people
 24. order/summon/request for specific duty - this is also close, but sense 5 is more general "command to come" which fits the religious summons
 25. utter in a loud voice or announce - could fit, but sense 5 captures the purposive aspect of summoning
 26. challenge sincerity - doesn't fit
 27. consider/regard as - doesn't fit
 28. rouse from sleep - doesn't fit

 Comparing sense 5 and sense 24:
 - Sense 5: "order, request, or command to come" - synonyms: send for. This is about summoning someone to come to a place.
 - Sense 24: "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role" - examples mention jury duty, military duty. This is about calling someone to perform a duty/service.

 In the context, the bells are calling the faithful TO EVENSONG. This is summoning them to come to the church service. This fits sense 5 best: "order, request, or command to come".

 However, looking at sense 25: "utter in a loud voice or announce" - examples: "He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids". This is about vocalizing to get attention or announce.

 But the key here is that the bells are functioning as a summons to bring people to church. Sense 5 captures the "summoning to come" aspect.

 Actually, looking more carefully at sense 24: "order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role" - going to evensong could be considered a religious duty/activity.

 But sense 5 is more general and fits better: "order, request, or command to come". The bells are requesting/commanding the faithful to come to church.

 Wait, looking at sense 25 again: "utter in a loud voice or announce". The bells are making a loud sound (calling) to announce evensong or to call people to it.

 But the phrase "calling the faithful to evensong" strongly suggests the sense of "summoning" or "inviting/commanding to come".

 Let me check if there's a sense specifically about religious calling or summoning...

 Sense 5: "order, request, or command to come" - synonyms: send for. Examples: "She was called into the director's office; Call the police!"

 This is the best fit. The bells are summoning the faithful to come to evensong.

 Sense 24 is about calling someone for jury duty or military duty - specific obligations. While church attendance could be seen as a duty, sense 5 is the more general and appropriate sense for bells summoning people to a service.

 Actually, looking at the definition of sense 5 again: "order, request, or command to come". The bells are not literally ordering, but they are functioning as a summons.

 Sense 25 "utter in a loud voice or announce" - this captures the acoustic aspect but not the purposive aspect of bringing people to church.

 I think sense 5 is the correct choice.

 Wait, I should also consider sense 10: "utter a characteristic note or cry" - examples: "bluejays called to one another". This is about animals/birds making sounds. Bells could metaphorically "call" in this sense, but the transitive use "calling the faithful" suggests the bells are acting upon the faithful, not just making noise.

 Sense 5 is transitive: "command to come" (someone).

 So the answer should be sense 5.

 But let me double-check the index. The user lists:
 5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come

 Yes, index 5.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys, call%2:32:05:: corresponds to the sense "order, request, or command to come".

 The context: "the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong"

 This is definitely about summoning people to come to a religious service.

 Therefore, the answer is sense_index: 5.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: faithful
Target surface form: faithful
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the <t>faithful</t> to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=faithful%1:14:01:: | definition=any loyal and steadfast following
2. sense_key=faithful%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=congregation, fold

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "faithful" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about change-ringing (bell ringing) in English churches
- It mentions "calling the faithful to evensong"
- Evensong is a church service (evening prayer)
- The context mentions parishioners, church, etc.
- The phrase "calling the faithful to evensong" suggests people who attend church/religious services

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=faithful%1:14:01:: | definition=any loyal and steadfast following
   - This is a more general sense - any loyal group of followers, not necessarily religious

2. sense_key=faithful%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church | synonyms=congregation, fold
   - This is specifically about religious faith and church attendance
   - Synonyms include "congregation" and "fold" (as in "flock")
   - The context mentions "evensong" (a church service), "parishioners", "church"

The context clearly indicates a religious setting:
- "ancient stone church"
- "sound of bells"
- "calling the faithful to evensong" (evensong is a religious service)
- "parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels"
- "church door"

Sense 2 specifically mentions "adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church" which matches perfectly with being called to evensong (a church service) and being parishioners.

Sense 1 is too general - "any loyal and steadfast following" - while the context specifically indicates religious attendance.

Therefore, sense 2 (index 2) is the correct choice.

Wait, let me check the indexing. The user says "Choose the single best indexed sense" and the candidates are listed as:
1. sense_key=...
2. sense_key=...

So the indices are 1 and 2.

The output should be: {"sense_index": 2}

Let me double-check:
- "faithful" here refers to the people who attend church
- Sense 2: "a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church"
- This matches exactly with the context of being called to evensong (a church service) and the mention of parishioners.

Sense 1 is broader and doesn't capture the religious specificity of the context.

Yes, sense 2 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evensong
Target surface form: evensong
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to <t>evensong</t>. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evensong%1:28:00:: | definition=the sixth of the seven canonical hours of the divine office; early evening; now often made a public service on Sundays | synonyms=vespers
2. sense_key=evensong%1:10:00:: | definition=(Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer | synonyms=Evening Prayer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "evensong" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text mentions "The Nine Tailors" by Dorothy L. Sayers (a mystery novel involving church bells/change-ringing)
- It describes a rural English scene with an ancient stone church
- Bells are ringing, calling the faithful to evensong
- Parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=evensong%1:28:00:: | definition=the sixth of the seven canonical hours of the divine office; early evening; now often made a public service on Sundays | synonyms=vespers
   - This refers to the canonical hour in the Roman Catholic tradition (vespers)
   - It's the sixth canonical hour, early evening

2. sense_key=evensong%1:10:00:: | definition=(Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer | synonyms=Evening Prayer
   - This specifically mentions Anglican Church
   - References the Book of Common Prayer
   - Synonym: Evening Prayer

Context clues:
- The text mentions "St. Michael and All Angels" - this is an Anglican church (common naming convention in England)
- The text mentions "Anglican Church" explicitly in sense 2's definition
- The scene is set in rural England ("ASLACTON, England")
- The Book of Common Prayer is specifically Anglican
- "Evening Prayer" is the Anglican term, while "vespers" is more Roman Catholic/Orthodox

However, I need to be careful. Let me think about the specific context:
- The bells are calling people to evensong
- This is a public service
- It's in an Anglican church (St. Michael and All Angels is a typical Anglican parish name)

Sense 1 mentions "now often made a public service on Sundays" but refers to it as the sixth canonical hour (vespers).

Sense 2 is specifically "(Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer"

Given that:
1. The setting is explicitly Anglican (St. Michael and All Angels is an Anglican church)
2. The context is rural England
3. The Book of Common Prayer is the Anglican prayer book
4. "Evening Prayer" is the specific Anglican term

Sense 2 seems more appropriate. However, I should check if there's any ambiguity.

Actually, looking at WordNet:
- evensong%1:28:00:: is under noun.time (1:28) - referring to the time/hour
- evensong%1:10:00:: is under noun.communication (1:10) - referring to the service/act

Wait, let me reconsider the WordNet sense keys:
- %1:28:00:: - this is noun.time (time periods)
- %1:10:00:: - this is noun.communication (acts of communication, including religious services)

In the context, "calling the faithful to evensong" - this is calling them to the service itself, not just the time of day.

Also, the description mentions "Anglican Church" explicitly in sense 2, and the context is clearly Anglican (English church, St. Michael and All Angels).

Moreover, sense 1 mentions "vespers" which is the Roman Catholic/Orthodox term, while sense 2 mentions "Evening Prayer" which is Anglican.

Given the English setting and the Anglican church name, sense 2 is the correct choice.

But wait, I should verify: is evensong in the Church of England the same as Evening Prayer? Yes, Evensong is the traditional name for Evening Prayer in the Anglican Communion.

Also, looking at the definition of sense 1: "the sixth of the seven canonical hours of the divine office; early evening; now often made a public service on Sundays"

Sense 2: "(Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer"

The context mentions "daily evening service" implicitly? It says "members here always have" (stopped to chat), suggesting a regular service. But more importantly, the Anglican specificity points to sense 2.

Actually, looking carefully at the text: "St. Michael and All Angels" - this is indeed an Anglican church. The Book of Common Prayer is mentioned in sense 2.

Therefore, the answer should be sense 2.

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user asks for "sense_index". Looking at the format:
1. sense_key=evensong%1:28:00::
2. sense_key=evensong%1:10:00::

So sense 1 is the first one listed (vespers/canonical hour), sense 2 is the second one listed (Anglican service).

Given the Anglican context, sense 2 is correct.

But let me double-check: could sense 1 also fit? Sense 1 mentions "now often made a public service on Sundays". The text doesn't specify Sunday, but it does specify an Anglican church. Sense 1 is more generic (could be Catholic), while sense 2 is specifically Anglican.

Given that Dorothy L. Sayers was an Anglican and "The Nine Tailors" involves Anglican church bells, and the setting is an Anglican church, sense 2 is definitely the right choice.

The JSON should be: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stop
Target surface form: stop
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels <t>stop</t> to chat at the church door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stop%2:38:00:: | definition=come to a halt, stop moving | synonyms=halt | examples=the car stopped; She stopped in front of a store window
2. sense_key=stop%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=discontinue, cease, give up, quit, lay off | examples=Quit teasing your little brother
3. sense_key=stop%2:41:00:: | definition=stop from happening or developing | synonyms=halt, block, kibosh | examples=Block his election; Halt the process
4. sense_key=stop%2:38:02:: | definition=interrupt a trip | synonyms=stop over | examples=we stopped at Aunt Mary's house; they stopped for three days in Florence
5. sense_key=stop%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to stop | examples=stop a car; stop the thief
6. sense_key=stop%2:30:05:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, discontinue | examples=stop the project; break off the negotiations
7. sense_key=stop%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, contain, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia
8. sense_key=stop%2:35:00:: | definition=seize on its way | synonyms=intercept | examples=The fighter plane was ordered to intercept an aircraft that had entered the country's airspace
9. sense_key=stop%2:42:13:: | definition=have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical | synonyms=end, finish, terminate, cease | examples=the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed; Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other
10. sense_key=stop%2:35:12:: | definition=render unsuitable for passage | synonyms=barricade, block, blockade, block off, block up, bar | examples=block the way; barricade the streets
11. sense_key=stop%2:30:12:: | definition=stop and wait, as if awaiting further instructions or developments | synonyms=hold on | examples=Hold on a moment!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "stop" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The passage describes a rural English scene with a church
- "The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the church door, as members here always have."
- The parishioners are pausing/interrupting their movement to chat at the church door
- This is about people stopping (pausing) while walking to have a conversation

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=stop%2:38:00:: | definition=come to a halt, stop moving | synonyms=halt | examples=the car stopped; She stopped in front of a store window
   - This fits well. The parishioners come to a halt to chat. They stop moving to talk.

2. sense_key=stop%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=discontinue, cease, give up, quit, lay off
   - This is about ceasing an activity entirely, not pausing briefly to chat.

3. sense_key=stop%2:41:00:: | definition=stop from happening or developing | synonyms=halt, block, kibosh
   - This is about preventing something, not pausing to chat.

4. sense_key=stop%2:38:02:: | definition=interrupt a trip | synonyms=stop over | examples=we stopped at Aunt Mary's house; they stopped for three days in Florence
   - This is specifically about interrupting a trip/journey. While the parishioners might be on their way somewhere, "interrupt a trip" usually implies a longer journey or travel, not just pausing at the church door. But this could be a contender.

5. sense_key=stop%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to stop | examples=stop a car; stop the thief
   - This is transitive (causing something to stop), but here "stop" is intransitive (the parishioners stop).

6. sense_key=stop%2:30:05:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, discontinue
   - Not relevant here.

7. sense_key=stop%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy
   - Not relevant.

8. sense_key=stop%2:35:00:: | definition=seize on its way | synonyms=intercept
   - Not relevant.

9. sense_key=stop%2:42:13:: | definition=have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense
   - This is about termination/end points, not pausing to chat.

10. sense_key=stop%2:35:12:: | definition=render unsuitable for passage
    - Not relevant.

11. sense_key=stop%2:30:12:: | definition=stop and wait, as if awaiting further instructions
    - Not quite right - they're stopping to chat, not waiting for instructions.

Between sense 1 and sense 4:
- Sense 1: "come to a halt, stop moving" - general intransitive sense of ceasing motion
- Sense 4: "interrupt a trip" - specifically about interrupting travel/journey

The context: "The parishioners... stop to chat at the church door"
- They are presumably arriving at or leaving church, or gathering there
- They pause their walking/movement to chat
- Sense 1 seems most appropriate as it describes the physical act of stopping movement to do something (chat)
- Sense 4 is more specific to travel/trips, which isn't clearly indicated here (they might just be arriving at church from nearby homes, not necessarily on a "trip")

Also, looking at the examples for sense 1: "She stopped in front of a store window" - this is very similar to stopping at a church door to chat.

Sense 4 examples: "we stopped at Aunt Mary's house; they stopped for three days in Florence" - these suggest longer stops during journeys.

The phrase "stop to chat" is a common collocation where "stop" means to cease moving temporarily (sense 1).

Therefore, sense 1 (stop%2:38:00::) is the best choice.

Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I have the right index.

The user lists:
1. sense_key=stop%2:38:00:: | definition=come to a halt, stop moving
2. sense_key=stop%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity
...

So index 1 corresponds to sense_key stop%2:38:00::

Actually, looking carefully at the formatting, the user lists them as:
1. sense_key=...
2. sense_key=...
etc.

So I should return {"sense_index": 1}

But wait, I need to be careful. In WordNet, "stop" has many senses. Let me verify if sense 1 is indeed the correct one for "stop to chat".

Sense 1: "come to a halt, stop moving" - intransitive
Sense 4: "interrupt a trip" - also intransitive but specific to travel

"Stop to chat" means they pause their walking/movement in order to chat. This is the basic intransitive sense of stopping motion.

Also, looking at the context "as members here always have" - this suggests a habitual action of pausing at the door to talk, not necessarily interrupting a long journey.

Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
The art of change-ringing is peculiar to the English, and, like most English peculiarities, unintelligible to the rest of the world. Dorothy L. Sayers, "The Nine Tailors "ASLACTON, England -- Of all scenes that evoke rural England, this is one of the loveliest: An ancient stone church stands amid the fields, the sound of bells cascading from its tower, calling the faithful to evensong. The parishioners of St. Michael and All Angels stop to chat at the <t>church</t> door, as members here always have. In the tower, five men and women pull rhythmically on ropes attached to the same five bells that first sounded here in 1614.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "church" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The context describes:
- An ancient stone church building with a tower
- Parishioners stopping to chat at the "church door"
- The building has bells in the tower that have been there since 1614
- People are meeting at the door of the building

The target word "church" appears in the phrase: "stop to chat at the <t>church</t> door"

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: - This refers to a group/denomination of Christians (e.g., Catholic Church, Methodist Church). This is about the institution or organization.

2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: - This refers to the physical building (church building). Example given: "the church was empty".

3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: - This refers to a church service (e.g., "don't be late for church"). This is the event/activity.

4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: - This refers to the congregation/people who attend (the body of people). Example: "our church is hosting a picnic next week".

Now, looking at the specific context: "stop to chat at the church door"

The phrase "church door" strongly suggests the physical building. You can't chat at the "door" of a denomination (sense 1) or a service (sense 3). While sense 4 refers to people, you don't typically say you chat at the "church door" referring to the congregation - you chat at the door of the building.

Also, looking at the broader context:
- "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields" - this is clearly the building
- "sound of bells cascading from its tower" - physical features
- "calling the faithful to evensong"
- "The parishioners... stop to chat at the church door"

The "church door" is part of the church building where people enter and exit. This clearly points to sense 2: the physical place/building for worship.

Sense 2 has synonyms "church building" and the example "the church was empty" which fits with the physical structure.

Therefore, the best sense is index 2 (church%1:06:00::).

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00::
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00::
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00::
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01::

So sense 2 is the one I want.

Let me double-check if it could be sense 4 (the body of people). "Our church is hosting a picnic" - this could be ambiguous between the people and the building, but "at the church door" specifically locates it at the physical entrance. You meet at the door of the building.

Also, earlier in the text: "An ancient stone church stands amid the fields" - this is unambiguously the building. The later reference to "the church door" continues to refer to this same building.

Therefore, the answer is sense_index: 2.