[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: perform
Target surface form: performed
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly <t>performed</t>. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perform%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out or perform an action | synonyms=execute, do | examples=John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters; the skater executed a triple pirouette
2. sense_key=perform%2:41:02:: | definition=perform a function | examples=Who will perform the wedding?
3. sense_key=perform%2:36:01:: | definition=give a performance (of something) | examples=Horowitz is performing at Carnegie Hall tonight; We performed a popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera
4. sense_key=perform%2:41:00:: | definition=get (something) done | synonyms=do | examples=I did my job

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "performed" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The passage is about church bell ringing (change ringing)
 - Dorothy L. Sayers is quoted describing ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"
 - Ringers are described as "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed"
 - The word "performed" here modifies "intricate ritual"
 - The context suggests the ritual is being carried out/executed faultlessly

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=perform%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out or perform an action | synonyms=execute, do | examples=John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters; the skater executed a triple pirouette
 - This sense is about carrying out or executing an action
 - The example shows executing specific actions (painting, weeding, pirouette)
 - In the context, "intricate ritual" is being performed - this fits with carrying out/executing a ritual

 2. sense_key=perform%2:41:02:: | definition=perform a function | examples=Who will perform the wedding?
 - This is about performing a function or ceremony (like a wedding)
 - While "ritual" could be seen as a ceremony, the context emphasizes the execution/performance of the intricate ritual itself, not necessarily officiating at it

 3. sense_key=perform%2:36:01:: | definition=give a performance (of something) | examples=Horowitz is performing at Carnegie Hall tonight; We performed a popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera
 - This is about artistic performance (music, theater)
 - While bell ringing could be considered a performance, the specific phrase "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" suggests the execution/carrying out of the ritual, not necessarily a theatrical performance for an audience

 4. sense_key=perform%2:41:00:: | definition=get (something) done | synonyms=do | examples=I did my job
 - This is more general "getting things done"
 - Less specific than sense 1

 The key phrase is "intricate ritual faultlessly performed". This suggests the execution or carrying out of the ritual. The word "faultlessly" suggests precision in execution.

 Sense 1 (carry out or perform an action) seems most appropriate because:
 - It involves executing/carrying out an action (the ritual)
 - The synonyms include "execute" which fits well with "intricate ritual" (executing a ritual)
 - The example "the skater executed a triple pirouette" shows precise physical execution, similar to the precise execution of bell ringing rituals described in the text

 Sense 2 (perform a function/ceremony) could be a contender since a ritual is a type of ceremony, but the context emphasizes the mechanical perfection and mathematical completeness - the execution aspect rather than the ceremonial officiating aspect.

 Sense 3 (give a performance) is less likely because while bell ringing is mentioned, the specific use of "performed" here is describing the ritual itself being executed faultlessly, not necessarily a public performance.

 Actually, looking more carefully at the WordNet sense distinctions:
 - Sense 1 (perform%2:36:00::) is the general "carry out, execute" sense
 - Sense 2 (perform%2:41:02::) is specifically for ceremonies/functions (perform a wedding)
 - Sense 3 (perform%2:36:01::) is for artistic performances (music, theater)
 - Sense 4 (perform%2:41:00::) is "get done" (do one's job)

 The phrase "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" - here "performed" means executed or carried out. This aligns best with sense 1. The ritual is being executed/c carried out.

 However, I should consider if "ritual" counts as a "function" (sense 2) or an "action" (sense 1). In WordNet, sense 2 is specifically for ceremonies/rituals/functions (perform a wedding, perform a ceremony). But looking at the examples for sense 2: "Who will perform the wedding?" - this means who will officiate at the wedding.

 In the context, the ringers are not officiating at a ritual; they are executing/performing the intricate actions of the ritual. The ritual is the bell ringing itself.

 Actually, looking at the quote again: "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" - this is passive voice. The ritual is being performed (executed/carried out) by the ringers.

 Sense 1 seems best: "carry out or perform an action" - the ritual is the action being carried out.

 Wait, let me reconsider sense 3. Could this be an artistic performance? The text mentions "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" and compares it to a passion. But "intricate ritual" suggests the execution of the ritual actions.

 I think sense 1 is correct. The word "performed" here means executed or carried out, as in performing an action (the ritual).

 Let me double-check the sense indices:
 1. perform%2:36:00:: - carry out or perform an action
 2. perform%2:41:02:: - perform a function (ceremonial)
 3. perform%2:36:01:: - give a performance (artistic)
 4. perform%2:41:00:: - get (something) done

 The context emphasizes the mechanical execution and precision ("mechanical perfection", "faultlessly"). This aligns with sense 1 (execute, carry out an action).

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: become
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does <t>become</t> a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "become" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden...
 - The speaker is talking about ringing (church bell ringing) becoming an obsession.
 - The meaning here is that ringing turns into or develops into an obsession, or enters the state of being an obsession.

 Let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
    - This fits well. "Ringing becomes a bit of an obsession" = Ringing enters/assumes the state of being an obsession.
    - The example "He became annoyed" is similar - entering a state.

 2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
    - This is about transformation or change from one thing to another.
    - While ringing changing into an obsession could fit, sense 1 seems more appropriate for entering a state/condition.
    - The examples show transformation (water to ice, friend to enemy), whereas "become an obsession" is more about entering a state.

 3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
    - This is more about existence or coming into being, not fitting here.

 4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!
    - This is archaic/formal usage meaning "to be suitable for" or "look good on". Not relevant here.

 Between sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1 focuses on entering/assuming a state or condition (become annoyed, become serious)
 - Sense 2 focuses on undergoing change/development, often with transformation (turn into, become [something different])

 In the phrase "become a bit of an obsession", we're talking about ringing entering the state of being an obsession, or assuming the character of an obsession. This aligns with sense 1 (enter or assume a certain state or condition).

 However, I should check if "become an obsession" is more about transformation (sense 2) or entering a state (sense 1).

 Looking at WordNet:
 - become%2:30:00:: is "enter or assume a certain state or condition" - examples include "become annoyed", "get angry", "go crazy"
 - become%2:42:01:: is "undergo a change or development" - examples include "turn into", "become an enemy"

 Actually, looking at the examples provided in the candidate senses:
 - Sense 1: "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious" - these are states/conditions
 - Sense 2: "The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy" - these are changes of identity/form

 "Become an obsession" is about entering a state of being an obsession, not about transforming from one entity to another. It's similar to "become annoyed" (sense 1 example).

 Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

 Wait, let me reconsider. The phrase is "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession". This could mean that ringing turns into an obsession (sense 2 - change/development) or that ringing assumes the state of being an obsession (sense 1).

 But looking at standard WSD for "become":
 - "become" + [adjective] usually maps to sense 1 (enter a state)
 - "become" + [noun] can be ambiguous

 However, "become an obsession" - obsession is a state or condition. The subject (ringing) is entering that state.

 Actually, looking at WordNet more carefully:
 - become.v.01: enter or assume a certain state or condition
 - become.v.02: undergo a change or development (turn)
 - become.v.03: come into existence
 - become.v.04: enhance the appearance of (suit)

 In standard WordNet:
 - become#1: enter or assume a certain state or condition ("He became annoyed")
 - become#2: undergo a change or development ("Her former friend became her worst enemy")

 "Become an obsession" is typically sense 1 - entering a state. But "become" with nouns can sometimes be sense 2 when it's about transformation.

 However, "obsession" here is a state/condition that ringing enters into. It's not that ringing transforms into a different entity called "obsession" in the way water turns into ice. Rather, the activity of ringing assumes the characteristics of an obsession.

 Also, looking at the context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" - this is similar to "It becomes a habit", "It becomes a problem" - these are typically sense 1 (entering a state).

 But I want to be careful. Let me look at the specific sense keys provided:
 - become%2:30:00:: - this is the "enter or assume a certain state or condition" sense (verb group 2:30)
 - become%2:42:01:: - this is the "undergo a change or development" sense (verb group 2:42)

 In WordNet, verb frames 2:30 are verbs of change, specifically "change of state" or similar. Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - 2:30 is usually "verb.change" - specifically "change state"
 - 2:42 is usually "verb.change" - specifically "change" or "transform"

 Wait, WordNet sense keys format: %2:30:00 means:
 - 2 = verb
 - 30 = lexicographer file number (verb.change)
 - 00 = sense number

 Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
 - become.v.01 (become%2:30:00::) - enter or assume a certain state or condition
 - become.v.02 (become%2:42:00:: or similar) - undergo a change or development

 Wait, the candidate sense keys show:
 - become%2:30:00::
 - become%2:42:01::
 - become%2:42:00::
 - become%2:42:03::

 So:
 - 2:30:00 is the first sense (enter/assume state)
 - 2:42:01 is the second sense (undergo change/development)
 - 2:42:00 is the third sense (come into existence)
 - 2:42:03 is the fourth sense (enhance appearance)

 Actually, the lexicographer file numbers might be different in different versions, but typically:
 - 2:30 is verb.change (change of state)
 - 2:42 might be verb.change as well or something else.

 Regardless, based on the definitions:
 Sense 1: enter or assume a certain state or condition - fits "become an obsession" (enter the state of being an obsession)
 Sense 2: undergo a change or development - fits "become an enemy" (change from one thing to another)

 "Become an obsession" is about assuming a state/condition, not about transforming into a different entity. Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obsession
Target surface form: obsession
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an <t>obsession</t>, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obsession%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will | synonyms=compulsion | examples=her compulsion to wash her hands repeatedly
2. sense_key=obsession%1:09:00:: | definition=an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone | synonyms=fixation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "obsession" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell ringing (change ringing)
 - It describes how ringers are "totally absorbed"
 - It mentions "passion" multiple times
 - Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection"
 - Ringers are "filled with the solemn intoxication"
 - Stephanie Pattenden admits: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession"
 - It's described as a "passion that usually stays in the tower"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=obsession%1:16:00::
    - definition: an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will
    - synonyms: compulsion
    - examples: her compulsion to wash her hands repeatedly

 2. sense_key=obsession%1:09:00::
    - definition: an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone
    - synonyms: fixation

 Analysis:
 - Sense 1 focuses on "irrational motive" and "trivial or repetitive actions" performed "against your will" - like OCD behaviors (hand washing example). This suggests something more pathological, involuntary, and focused on repetitive actions.

 - Sense 2 focuses on "unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation" - this is broader and refers to being preoccupied with something (like a hobby, person, or activity) to an unhealthy degree.

 In the context:
 - Bell ringing is described as a "passion" - something people enjoy and choose to do
 - It's not described as "trivial" or "against your will" - in fact, it seems voluntary and enjoyable ("solemn intoxication")
 - While it's called an "obsession," the context suggests it's a strong preoccupation/passion with the activity of bell ringing, not an irrational compulsion to perform repetitive actions against one's will
 - The speaker admits it "becomes a bit of an obsession" - suggesting it takes up a lot of their mental space and time, but not necessarily that it's an irrational compulsion like hand washing

 However, looking closely at the definitions:
 - Sense 1 seems more like clinical OCD - irrational, trivial actions, against will
 - Sense 2 seems more like being fixated/preoccupied with something (like a hobby becoming an obsession)

 The context emphasizes:
 - Mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection
 - Intricate ritual
 - Passion
 - It becomes a bit of an obsession (meaning it consumes their attention/interest)

 This aligns better with sense 2 (fixation, unhealthy/compulsive preoccupation with something) rather than sense 1 (irrational motive for trivial repetitive actions against will).

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - obsession%1:16:00:: is under noun.cognition (I think) or noun.motive? Actually 1:16 usually refers to nouns denoting cognitive processes or contents.
 - obsession%1:09:00:: would be under noun.cognition (1:09 is cognition)

 Wait, let me think about the WordNet sense keys:
 - 1:16:00 - This is likely the "compulsion" sense (like OCD)
 - 1:09:00 - This is likely the "fixation" sense (preoccupation with something)

 In the context, bell ringing is described as a passion, something intricate and requiring skill. When the speaker says it becomes "a bit of an obsession," they mean it becomes something that preoccupies their mind and time - a fixation. It's not described as irrational or against their will (like the hand washing example), but rather as an intense interest/passion that borders on being all-consuming.

 Therefore, sense 2 (obsession%1:09:00:: - unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something) is the better fit.

 Wait, I should double-check. Is bell ringing described as "unhealthy"? The text says "it is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however" - implying it might be all-consuming but contained. "Unhealthy" might be too strong, but between the two options:
 - Sense 1: irrational, trivial, against will, repetitive actions (compulsion)
 - Sense 2: unhealthy/compulsive preoccupation with something (fixation)

 The context emphasizes the preoccupation with the activity/passion of ringing, not repetitive trivial actions performed against one's will. So sense 2 is better.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 1: "her compulsion to wash her hands repeatedly" - this is classic OCD.
 The context describes bell ringing as an intricate skill, a passion, a ritual - not trivial actions against one's will.

 So the answer should be sense_index: 2.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=obsession%1:16:00::
 2. sense_key=obsession%1:09:00::

 So sense_index would be 2.

 But let me reconsider if sense 1 could fit. "Repetitive actions" - bell ringing involves repetitive pulling of ropes. "Against your will" - the text says "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession" which could imply it's hard to stop. But the overall tone is positive (passion, satisfaction, intricate ritual), not pathological in the OCD sense. The word "obsession" here is used in the sense of a fixation or preoccupation that dominates one's life, not a clinical compulsion.

 Also, the synonym for sense 2 is "fixation" which fits well with the context of bell ringing becoming a fixation/passion.

 Therefore, sense 2 is correct.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: admit
Target surface form: admits
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "<t>admits</t> Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=admit%2:32:00:: | definition=declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of | synonyms=acknowledge | examples=He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten
2. sense_key=admit%2:41:01:: | definition=allow to enter; grant entry to | synonyms=allow in, let in, intromit | examples=We cannot admit non-members into our club building; This pipe admits air
3. sense_key=admit%2:41:00:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=let in, include | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar
4. sense_key=admit%2:40:00:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
5. sense_key=admit%2:42:06:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=allow | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
6. sense_key=admit%2:42:00:: | definition=give access or entrance to | examples=The French doors admit onto the yard
7. sense_key=admit%2:42:04:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, hold | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
8. sense_key=admit%2:42:03:: | definition=serve as a means of entrance | examples=This ticket will admit one adult to the show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "admits" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringing
 - Stephanie Pattenden is quoted saying: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden...
 - She is acknowledging or confessing that ringing becomes an obsession

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=admit%2:32:00:: | definition=declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of | synonyms=acknowledge | examples=He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten
    - This looks like "acknowledge" or "confess" - declaring something to be true, especially something that might be embarrassing or previously hidden.
    - In the context: Stephanie is acknowledging/confessing that ringing becomes an obsession.

 2. sense_key=admit%2:41:01:: | definition=allow to enter; grant entry to | synonyms=allow in, let in, intromit | examples=We cannot admit non-members into our club building; This pipe admits air
    - Physical entry/entrance. Not relevant here.

 3. sense_key=admit%2:41:00:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=let in, include | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar
    - This is about admitting someone to a profession, group, etc. Not relevant.

 4. sense_key=admit%2:40:00:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
    - Accepting into a group. Not relevant.

 5. sense_key=admit%2:42:06:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=allow | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
    - "Admits of" - allowing possibility. The syntax here is different (transitive vs intransitive with "of"). In our sentence, "admits" is used transitively with a direct quote/clause.

 6. sense_key=admit%2:42:00:: | definition=give access or entrance to | examples=The French doors admit onto the yard
    - Physical access. Not relevant.

 7. sense_key=admit%2:42:04:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, hold | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
    - Capacity. Not relevant.

 8. sense_key=admit%2:42:03:: | definition=serve as a means of entrance | examples=This ticket will admit one adult to the show
    - Ticket/entrance. Not relevant.

 The context clearly shows Stephanie Pattenden is acknowledging or confessing that ringing becomes an obsession. This matches sense 1: "declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of" with synonyms including "acknowledge".

 The structure "admits [direct quote]" or "admits that..." fits with sense 1. She is declaring/acknowledging the truth of the statement that ringing becomes an obsession.

 Therefore, the correct sense is index 1.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=admit%2:32:00::
 2. sense_key=admit%2:41:01::
 3. sense_key=admit%2:41:00::
 4. sense_key=admit%2:40:00::
 5. sense_key=admit%2:42:06::
 6. sense_key=admit%2:42:00::
 7. sense_key=admit%2:42:04::
 8. sense_key=admit%2:42:03::

 So sense 1 is the one about declaring to be true/acknowledging.

 Yes, this is definitely sense 1. The verb is being used to introduce a direct quote where the speaker is acknowledging a fact (that ringing becomes an obsession).

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: master
Target surface form: master
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, <t>master</t> of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=master%1:18:00:: | definition=an artist of consummate skill | synonyms=maestro | examples=a master of the violin; one of the old masters
2. sense_key=master%1:18:04:: | definition=a person who has general authority over others | synonyms=overlord, lord
3. sense_key=master%1:18:01:: | definition=a combatant who is able to defeat rivals | synonyms=victor, superior
4. sense_key=master%1:18:03:: | definition=directs the work of others
5. sense_key=master%1:18:06:: | definition=presiding officer of a school | synonyms=headmaster, schoolmaster
6. sense_key=master%1:06:00:: | definition=an original creation (i.e., an audio recording) from which copies can be made | synonyms=master copy, original
7. sense_key=master%1:18:07:: | definition=an officer who is licensed to command a merchant ship | synonyms=captain, sea captain, skipper
8. sense_key=master%1:18:05:: | definition=someone who holds a master's degree from academic institution
9. sense_key=master%1:18:02:: | definition=an authority qualified to teach apprentices | synonyms=professional
10. sense_key=master%1:06:01:: | definition=key that secures entrance everywhere | synonyms=passkey, passe-partout, master key

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "master" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about bell ringing in churches
- Stephanie Pattenden is described as "master of the band at St. Mary Abbot"
- She is also described as "one of England's best female ringers"
- The "band" here refers to a group of bell ringers (not a musical band in the modern sense, but a group of church bell ringers)

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. master%1:18:00:: - an artist of consummate skill (maestro) - examples: master of the violin, old masters
   - This could fit as she is described as one of England's best female ringers, suggesting high skill.

2. master%1:18:04:: - a person who has general authority over others (overlord, lord)
   - This suggests dominance/control, which might fit "master of the band" in terms of leadership.

3. master%1:18:01:: - a combatant who is able to defeat rivals (victor, superior)
   - Doesn't fit well here - no combat context.

4. master%1:18:03:: - directs the work of others
   - This is about directing/work supervision. "Master of the band" could mean she directs the bell ringing group.

5. master%1:18:06:: - presiding officer of a school (headmaster, schoolmaster)
   - Not a school context.

6. master%1:06:00:: - an original creation (master copy)
   - Physical object, not a person.

7. master%1:18:07:: - an officer who is licensed to command a merchant ship (captain, skipper)
   - Maritime context, not applicable.

8. master%1:18:05:: - someone who holds a master's degree
   - Academic degree, not indicated here.

9. master%1:18:02:: - an authority qualified to teach apprentices (professional)
   - Could fit if she teaches others, but the text emphasizes her skill and the title "master of the band".

10. master%1:06:01:: - key that secures entrance everywhere
    - Physical object, not applicable.

The phrase "master of the band" is key here. In the context of church bell ringing, the "master" is typically the person who directs or leads the group of ringers.

Looking at sense 4: "directs the work of others" - this fits well with being the leader/director of a bell ringing band.

Looking at sense 1: "an artist of consummate skill" - while she is described as skilled ("one of England's best"), the specific title "master of the band" suggests a leadership/organizational role rather than just being a skilled practitioner.

Looking at sense 2: "a person who has general authority over others" - this is quite broad and has connotations of overlordship which might be too strong.

Looking at sense 9: "an authority qualified to teach apprentices" - this emphasizes teaching, but the context emphasizes leadership of the band.

In British English, particularly in the context of church bell ringing, the "Ringing Master" or "Master of the Band" is the person who directs the ringing, conducts the changes, and leads the band of ringers. This aligns best with sense 4: "directs the work of others".

However, I should also consider sense 1. The text says she is "one of England's best female ringers" which emphasizes skill, and "master" can mean a highly skilled person (maestro). But the construction "master of the band" specifically suggests the leadership title.

Let me reconsider the WordNet senses more carefully:

Sense 1: "an artist of consummate skill" - synonyms: maestro. Examples: "a master of the violin", "one of the old masters"
Sense 4: "directs the work of others" - no synonyms listed, but this is clearly about supervision/management.

In the context of bell ringing, the "Master" is indeed the leader who directs the ringing. The phrase "master of the band" is a specific title indicating leadership of the group.

Between sense 1 and sense 4:
- Sense 1 focuses on artistic skill/consummate ability
- Sense 4 focuses on directing/supervising others

The text mentions both her skill ("one of England's best") and her title ("master of the band"). The title specifically indicates she leads the group. In organizational contexts, "master" as a title often indicates the person in charge (like Master of a ship, Master of a college, etc.).

Actually, looking at sense 2: "a person who has general authority over others" with synonyms overlord, lord - this might be too strong/hierarchical.

Sense 4 "directs the work of others" seems most appropriate for someone who leads/directs a bell ringing band.

But wait, I should check if there's a specific sense for "master" as in "head of an organization". Looking at the list, sense 4 seems to be the closest: "directs the work of others".

However, I want to double-check sense 1. Could "master of the band" mean she is a consummate artist of the band? That seems less likely. "Master of the violin" (example from sense 1) means someone who has mastered the violin. "Master of the band" would be an unusual way to say someone is highly skilled at ringing; it strongly suggests leadership.

Also, in British bell ringing terminology, the "Ringing Master" is indeed the person who trains ringers and conducts the ringing, which involves directing the work of others.

Therefore, sense 4 seems best.

Wait, I should look at sense 9 again: "an authority qualified to teach apprentices". Bell ringing masters do teach apprentices. But "directs the work of others" (sense 4) captures the leadership aspect better, especially given the phrase "master of the band" which parallels titles like "conductor of the orchestra" or "captain of the team".

Actually, looking at the WordNet entry for master%1:18:03:: (sense 4 in the list provided):
- Definition: directs the work of others
- This is typically the "employer" or "supervisor" sense.

But in the context of bell ringing, this is exactly what a Ringing Master does - they direct the ringing, call the changes, etc.

I think sense 4 (index 4) is the correct choice.

Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=master%1:18:00::
2. sense_key=master%1:18:04::
3. sense_key=master%1:18:01::
4. sense_key=master%1:18:03::
5. sense_key=master%1:18:06::
...

So the index numbers in the JSON should correspond to the position in the list (1-10).

Sense 4 in the list is: sense_key=master%1:18:03:: | definition=directs the work of others

Yes, that's the one I want.

But let me reconsider sense 1 (master%1:18:00:: - an artist of consummate skill). The text emphasizes that she is "one of England's best female ringers" and mentions "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" and "intricate ritual faultlessly performed". This emphasizes skill and artistry.

However, the specific phrase "master of the band" is a title. In British English, particularly for bell ringing, the "Master" is the leader. For example, "Master of the Worshipful Company of..." or "Ringing Master".

Let me verify the exact WordNet senses to make sure I understand them correctly:

master%1:18:00:: - (noun) master, maestro - an artist of consummate skill
master%1:18:01:: - (noun) victor, superior, master - a combatant who is able to defeat rivals
master%1:18:02:: - (noun) master, professional - an authority qualified to teach apprentices
master%1:18:03:: - (noun) master - directs the work of others (employer/foreman)
master%1:18:04:: - (noun) overlord, master, lord - a person who has general authority over others
master%1:18:05:: - (noun) master - someone who holds a master's degree
master%1:18:06:: - (noun) headmaster, schoolmaster, master - presiding officer of a school
master%1:18:07:: - (noun) master, captain, sea captain, skipper - an officer licensed to command a merchant ship

Given that she is "master of the band", and a band of ringers is a group that performs together under direction, and she is described as being highly skilled, I need to decide between sense 1 (skill) and sense 4 (direction).

But "master of the band" is clearly a title indicating position/role, not just a description of skill level. You wouldn't say "maestro of the band" in this context (though you might say "maestro" metaphorically). The specific construction "master of the [group]" indicates leadership.

Therefore, sense 4 (directs the work of others) is the best fit.

Actually, looking at sense 2 (master%1:18:04:: - overlord, lord), this is about having authority over others, which is similar to sense 4 but more about power/domination, whereas sense 4 is about directing work (supervision).

For a bell ringing master, they direct the ringing - they tell the ringers when to pull, coordinate the changes, etc. This is directing the work of others.

So I'll go with index 4.

One final check: could it be sense 9 (index 9 in my counting? No, the list shows:
9. sense_key=master%1:18:02:: | definition=an authority qualified to teach apprentices | synonyms=professional

That's the teaching sense. While bell ringing masters do teach, the primary role indicated by "master of the band" in this context is leadership/conducting.

Therefore, the answer is index 4.

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: best
Target surface form: best
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's <t>best</t> female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
2. sense_key=best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
3. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | synonyms=good | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
4. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full, good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
5. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable | synonyms=good
6. sense_key=estimable%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, good, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
7. sense_key=beneficial%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial, good | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
8. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=good, just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause
10. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
11. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | synonyms=good | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
12. sense_key=dear%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, good, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
13. sense_key=dependable%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, good, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
14. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=good, right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=good, well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
16. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=good looks
18. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=good, serious | examples=good music; a serious book
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=good, sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
20. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=good, salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=good, honest | examples=a good dollar bill
22. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=good, undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
23. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | synonyms=good | examples=good taste

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "best" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's <t>best</t> female ringers.
 - "Best" here is describing Stephanie Pattenden as one of the most skilled or most accomplished female ringers in England.
 - It's used as a superlative adjective modifying "female ringers".

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
    - This is the standard superlative sense of "good" - having the most positive qualities.
    - The example "the best film of the year" parallels "one of England's best female ringers" - both are selecting the top items from a category.

 2. sense_key=best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
    - This sense is about being advisable or wise ("it would be best to...").
    - Doesn't fit here - we're not talking about what's advisable, but about skill level.

 3-23 are all senses of "good" (not "best"), so they are not the target lemma "best". The target lemma is "best", so I should only consider senses 1 and 2.

 Wait, looking carefully at the candidate senses:
 - Sense 1: best%3:00:00:: (superlative of good)
 - Sense 2: best%5:00:00:advisable:00 (comparative and superlative of well)
 - Senses 3-23 are all "good%" - these are different lemmas (good vs best), so they shouldn't be candidates for the target lemma "best".

 Actually, looking at the instructions, it says "Target lemma: best", so I should focus on senses where the lemma is "best".

 Sense 1: best%3:00:00:: - This is the superlative of "good" meaning having the most positive qualities.
 Sense 2: best%5:00:00:advisable:00 - This is the superlative of "well" meaning advisable.

 In the context "one of England's best female ringers", "best" means most skilled, most accomplished, having the most positive qualities for a ringer. This aligns with sense 1.

 Sense 2 would be used in contexts like "it is best to leave now" or "we thought it best not to respond" - meaning advisable.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The other senses (3-23) are for the lemma "good", not "best", so they are irrelevant even though they appear in the list.

 So the answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: female
Target surface form: female
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best <t>female</t> ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=female%3:00:00:: | definition=being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop | examples=a female heir; female holly trees bear the berries
2. sense_key=female%5:00:02:feminine:01 | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to a woman | synonyms=distaff | examples=female sensitiveness; female suffrage
3. sense_key=female%5:00:01:female:00 | definition=for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls | examples=the female lead in the play; a female chorus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "female" in the given context.

 First, let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringing (change ringing)
 - It mentions Stephanie Pattenden as "master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best <t>female</t> ringers"
 - The phrase is "female ringers" - referring to women who ring bells
 - It contrasts female ringers with presumably male ringers, or simply specifies that she is a woman who rings bells

 Now let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=female%3:00:00::
    - definition: being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop
    - examples: a female heir; female holly trees bear the berries
    - This is the biological/sexual sense - referring to the biological sex

 2. sense_key=female%5:00:02:feminine:01
    - definition: characteristic of or peculiar to a woman
    - synonyms: distaff
    - examples: female sensitiveness; female suffrage
    - This seems to be about feminine qualities/characteristics (adjectival)

 3. sense_key=female%5:00:01:female:00
    - definition: for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls
    - examples: the female lead in the play; a female chorus
    - This refers to groups or roles composed of women

 Let me analyze which sense fits "female ringers":

 - "Ringers" are people who ring bells. In the context, it's referring to human beings.
 - "Female ringers" means women who ring bells.

 Sense 1 (biological) could technically apply, but it's usually used for biological classification (plants, animals, including humans), but in the context of "ringers" (an occupation/activity), sense 1 would emphasize the biological sex.

 However, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1: "a female heir" - this is about a person, biological sex
 - Sense 3: "the female lead in the play; a female chorus" - these refer to women in specific roles or groups

 Actually, looking at the WordNet structure:
 - sense 1 (female%3:00:00::) is usually the adjective meaning "of or denoting the sex that can bear offspring or produce eggs"
 - sense 3 (female%5:00:01:female:00) is "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls"

 In the phrase "female ringers", we are talking about ringers who are women/girls. This could fit sense 1 (biologically female) or sense 3 (pertaining to women).

 But let's look more carefully:
 - Sense 1 examples: "a female heir", "female holly trees"
 - Sense 3 examples: "the female lead", "a female chorus"

 "Female ringers" seems analogous to "female lead" or "female chorus" - it means ringers who are women. This would be sense 3.

 However, I need to be careful. In WordNet, sense 1 is often the base adjective meaning "biologically female", while sense 3 is specifically "composed of women" (like a female chorus).

 Wait, looking at the glosses again:
 - Sense 1: "being the sex... that produces fertilizable gametes" - this is the biological definition
 - Sense 3: "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls" - this is about groups or categories of women

 "Female ringers" means ringers who are female/women. This is essentially the same as "the female lead" (sense 3 example).

 But actually, looking at WordNet's actual structure:
 - female%3:00:00:: is the biological sense (adjective)
 - female%5:00:01:female:00 is "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls"
   - This is a relational adjective (often denoted by %5 in WordNet)

 Sense 2 (female%5:00:02:feminine:01) is about feminine qualities like "female sensitiveness".

 In the context: "one of England's best female ringers"
 - This means she is a ringer who is female/woman
 - It's classifying the type of ringer by sex/gender

 I think sense 1 is the most appropriate because:
 - "Female" here is being used to specify the biological sex of the ringers
 - It's parallel to "female heir" (sense 1 example)
 - "Female heir" is not a group or composition, but an individual of female sex

 However, sense 3's example "female lead" is also an individual role...

 Let me reconsider the WordNet senses carefully. In WordNet:
 - Sense 1 (female%3:00:00::) is the primary adjective: "being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes..."
 - Sense 3 (female%5:00:01:female:00) is specifically: "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls"

 The key difference is that sense 1 is the biological classification, while sense 3 is about social/cultural categories of women.

 In modern usage, "female" as in "female doctor", "female athlete", "female ringer" typically uses sense 1 (denoting the biological sex), though some might argue it's sense 3.

 But looking at the examples provided:
 - Sense 1: "a female heir" (a person who inherits who is female), "female holly trees" (trees that are biologically female)
 - Sense 3: "the female lead" (the leading role played by a woman), "a female chorus" (a chorus composed of women)

 "Female ringers" is most similar to "female heir" - it's specifying that the ringers are biologically female. But it's also similar to "female lead".

 Actually, looking at the WordNet entry structure, sense 3 is often used for things like "female prisoners", "female students" - groups or categories of people who are women.

 But there's a subtle distinction:
 - Sense 1 emphasizes the biological sex (can produce ova)
 - Sense 3 emphasizes the social category (women/girls)

 In the context of "female ringers", since ringers are people, and we're saying she is one of the best female ringers (i.e., women who ring bells), this could go either way.

 However, looking at the provided examples:
 - "a female heir" - this is clearly sense 1 (biological heir)
 - "the female lead" - this is sense 3 (role for a woman)

 Is a "ringer" more like an "heir" or a "lead"?
 - An heir is defined by inheritance relationship + sex
 - A lead is a role/position
 - A ringer is a person who performs an activity

 Actually, "female" modifying occupational or activity-based nouns like "ringers" usually takes sense 1 in WordNet, because it's describing the biological sex of the person.

 But wait, sense 3 says "composed of women" - and "ringers" is plural, so "female ringers" could mean a group composed of women.

 However, the specific context is: "Stephanie Pattenden... one of England's best female ringers"
 - Stephanie is an individual
 - "Female ringers" here refers to the category of ringers who are female
 - This is analogous to "female heir"

 Actually, looking carefully at WordNet:
 - female%3:00:00:: [adjective satellite? no, adjective] - the biological sense
 - female%5:00:01:female:00 - pertaining to women

 In many WSD datasets, "female" + [human noun] is often sense 1 when distinguishing biological sex, and sense 3 when referring to groups or institutions for women.

 Given the example "a female heir" in sense 1, and "the female lead" in sense 3, I need to see which "ringers" is closer to.

 "Heir" is a status, "lead" is a role, "ringers" are people who perform an action.

 I think "female ringers" is closest to sense 1, because:
 1. It's distinguishing based on biological sex (as opposed to male ringers)
 2. The example "female heir" is the closest parallel - both are individuals defined by a characteristic (heirship/ringing) + sex
 3. Sense 3 is more about groups (chorus) or roles specifically designated for women (lead)

 But actually, looking at the target sentence again: "one of England's best female ringers"
 - This means she is among the best ringers who are female
 - It's a straightforward biological sex classification

 However, I recall that in WordNet, sense 3 (female%5:00:01:female:00) is often the sense used for "female" + human occupation nouns when it's meant to indicate "women".

 Let me think about the gloss for sense 3 again: "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls"
 - "Female ringers" = ringers who are women
 - This fits "composed of women" (if plural) or "pertaining to women"

 But sense 1: "being the sex... that produces fertilizable gametes..."
 - A female ringer is a ringer who is of the sex...

 Actually, looking at the lexical file numbers:
 - %3:00:00:: is adjective (all adjectives in WordNet start with 3 in the old format, or are satellites)
 - %5:00:01:female:00 is adjective satellite (pertainym)

 Wait, the format is:
 - female%3:00:00:: - this is the main sense (adj.all)
 - female%5:00:01:female:00 - this is a pertainym (adj.pert)

 And female%5:00:02:feminine:01 - this is also a satellite (adj.all, similar to feminine)

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet 3.0:
 - female (a) [sense 1]: being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop; "a female heir"; "female holly trees"
 - female (a) [sense 2]: characteristic of or peculiar to a woman; "female sensitiveness"; "female suffrage" [syn: distaff]
 - female (a) [sense 3]: for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls; "the female lead in the play"; "a female chorus"

 In the context "female ringers", it is most likely sense 3, meaning "ringers who are women" or "composed of women" (since "ringers" is plural).

 But actually, Stephanie is one individual, so "female ringers" refers to the class of ringers who are female.

 Comparing to examples:
 - "female heir" (sense 1): an heir who is biologically female
 - "female lead" (sense 3): the lead role played by a woman
 - "female chorus" (sense 3): a chorus made up of women

 "Female ringers" is ambiguous between sense 1 and 3. However, since ringers are people, and the text is talking about her being a woman in a field (bell ringing), sense 3 seems more appropriate because it's about the social category of women.

 But actually, looking at typical WSD for "female doctor", "female lawyer", etc., these usually map to sense 1 (biological sex) in WordNet annotations, because the word "female" is being used to denote the biological sex of the doctor.

 However, sense 3 is specifically "composed of women" which fits plural nouns like "ringers" well.

 Let me reconsider the exact wording of sense 3: "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls"

 If I say "female ringers", I mean ringers who are women. This is "composed of women" when plural.

 If I say "a female ringer" (singular), is it sense 1 or 3?
 - "A female heir" is sense 1
 - "The female lead" is sense 3

 The difference might be that an heir is defined by the biological relationship (and thus biological sex is relevant), while a lead is a role that can be filled by anyone, and "female" specifies it's for a woman.

 A ringer is someone who rings bells. "Female ringer" specifies a ringer who is a woman. This seems closer to sense 3 (specifying the social category) than sense 1 (biological capability to produce ova).

 However, WordNet often doesn't make clear distinctions between biological sex and gender in its examples.

 Let me look at the adjective satellite structure:
 - female%5:00:01:female:00 is a pertainym to female (noun) meaning a woman/girl
 - female%5:00:02:feminine:01 is similar to feminine

 Actually, checking WordNet online or standard outputs:
 Sense 1: female (vs. male) - biological
 Sense 2: distaff, female - relating to women (as in female suffrage)
 Sense 3: female - composed of women (female population)

 Wait, the sense keys provided are:
 1. female%3:00:00::
 2. female%5:00:02:feminine:01
 3. female%5:00:01:female:00

 So:
 - Sense 1 is the main adjective (biological)
 - Sense 2 is similar to feminine (characteristics)
 - Sense 3 is the pertainym (composed of/pertaining to women)

 Given the context is about women who ring bells, and specifically highlighting that Stephanie is a woman in this field, sense 3 "for or pertaining to or composed of women" seems most appropriate.

 The phrase "female ringers" means ringers who are women. This matches sense 3.

 Sense 1 would emphasize the biological sex aspect, which is less likely the intended meaning in this social context. The author is likely pointing out that she is a woman excelling in this activity, not emphasizing her biological reproductive capabilities.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 3.

 Wait, let me double-check. Could it be sense 1?
 - Example: "a female heir" - this is about a person
 - Example: "female ringers" - also about people

 But "female heir" in sense 1 makes sense because inheritance historically depended on biological sex (male primogeniture).

 Actually, looking at standard WSD datasets like SemCor:
 - "female" + occupation usually goes to sense 1 or sense 3 depending on the specific annotation guidelines.

 But given:
 - Sense 3 explicitly mentions "composed of women"
 - "Ringers" is plural (in "female ringers")
 - The context is about a group/band of ringers ("master of the band")

 I think sense 3 is the best fit.

 However, I should consider if it could be sense 2 (characteristic of women). "Female sensitiveness" - this is about a quality. "Female ringers" is not about a quality of ringers, but about ringers who are female. So not sense 2.

 Between 1 and 3:
 - Sense 1: biological sex (produces ova)
 - Sense 3: social category (women/girls)

 In modern English, when we say "female doctor", "female athlete", we could be using either sense, but WordNet's sense 3 specifically mentions "composed of women" which fits collective nouns, while sense 1 is the general biological classifier.

 "Ringers" is a countable noun referring to people. "Female ringers" classifies them by sex. In WordNet, this is sense 1.

 But I found a similar example: "female drivers" - in many WSD systems, this maps to sense 1.

 Actually, looking at the gloss for sense 3 again: "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls"
 - "Female lead" - pertaining to a woman
 - "Female chorus" - composed of women
 - "Female ringers" - could be composed of women, or pertaining to women

 And sense 1: "being the sex..."

 I think the safest answer is sense 3, because the context is about people (ringers) who are women, and sense 3 is specifically about human females (women/girls), whereas sense 1 includes plants and animals ("female holly trees").

 Actually, sense 1 includes plants and animals, and the gloss says "of plant or animal". Humans are animals, so it includes humans.

 But sense 3 specifically mentions "women or girls", which are human terms.

 Given that ringers are humans, and the contrast is likely between male and female ringers (men and women), sense 3 is more specific to humans and therefore better.

 Final decision: sense_index: 3

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female <t>ringers</t>. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ringers" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text talks about people ringing church bells ("the ringers stare straight ahead", "watch the other ropes", "huge bronze bells", "belfry")
 - It mentions "rope-sight" which is a term used in bell ringing
 - It talks about "swing", "change" (change ringing), and bells mounted on wheels
 - It mentions Dorothy L. Sayers and church bells
 - It mentions "master of the band at St. Mary Abbot" (St. Mary Abbot is a church in London known for bell ringing)
 - The target word is in the phrase "one of England's best female ringers"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
    - This matches perfectly. The context is all about church bell ringing, change ringing, belfries, etc.

 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
    - This is about look-alikes, which doesn't fit the context at all.

 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
    - This is about impostors in competitions, not relevant here.

 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
    - This is about the game of horseshoes, not relevant to church bells.

 The context clearly describes change ringing (English church bell ringing). The word "ringers" refers to people who ring church bells.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (ringer%1:18:02::).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02::
 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01::
 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00::
 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00::

 So I should return {"sense_index": 1}

 Let me double-check the context to make sure I'm not missing anything:
 - "Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead" - people ringing bells
 - "using peripheral vision... to watch the other ropes" - bell ropes
 - "Far above in the belfry" - where bells are
 - "huge bronze bells" - church bells
 - "Skilled ringers use their wrists" - people operating the bells
 - "master of the band at St. Mary Abbot" - St. Mary Abbot is a church with a bell tower
 - "one of England's best female ringers" - female bell ringers

 Yes, definitely sense 1.

 The output should be JSON: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: passion
Target surface form: passion
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a <t>passion</t> that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=passion%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling or emotion | synonyms=passionateness
2. sense_key=passion%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being intensely emotional | synonyms=heat, warmth
3. sense_key=passion%1:26:01:: | definition=something that is desired intensely | synonyms=rage | examples=his rage for fame destroyed him
4. sense_key=passion%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action | synonyms=mania, cacoethes
5. sense_key=passion%1:12:02:: | definition=a feeling of strong sexual desire
6. sense_key=passion%1:09:00:: | definition=any object of warm affection or devotion | synonyms=love | examples=the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting
7. sense_key=passion%1:26:02:: | definition=the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion | synonyms=Passion of Christ

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "passion" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context carefully:

The passage is about church bell ringing. It describes how ringers are obsessed with the activity. Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." Ringers are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed." Stephanie Pattenden admits "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession." Then: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

So the word "passion" here refers to a strong enthusiasm, devotion, or love for bell ringing. It's something that is desired intensely or an object of warm affection/devotion.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. passion%1:12:00:: - a strong feeling or emotion (passionateness) - This is very general. While bell ringing evokes strong feelings, the context seems more specific about it being an enthusiasm/obsession for a specific activity.

2. passion%1:07:00:: - the trait of being intensely emotional (heat, warmth) - This refers to a personality trait, not a specific enthusiasm for an activity.

3. passion%1:26:01:: - something that is desired intensely (rage) - Example: "his rage for fame destroyed him." This seems close - an intense desire. But "rage" might be too strong/negative? The example uses "rage for fame" but the gloss is "something that is desired intensely." However, the word "rage" as a synonym suggests violent/intense emotion. But bell ringing isn't exactly "desired intensely" in the sense of a craving - it's more of an enthusiasm/devotion.

4. passion%1:16:00:: - an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action (mania, cacoethes) - The context mentions "obsession" which is close to mania. But is it irrational? The text says "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" - it seems like a rational, intricate activity. "Irrational but irresistible motive" might not fit perfectly.

5. passion%1:12:02:: - a feeling of strong sexual desire - Clearly not relevant here.

6. passion%1:09:00:: - any object of warm affection or devotion (love) - Examples: "the theater was her first love; he has a passion for cock fighting." This seems very fitting. The structure "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" - where "passion" refers to the activity of ringing or the devotion to it. The example "he has a passion for cock fighting" matches the pattern "passion for [activity]." In this text, ringing is described as a passion, and the quote from Sayers uses "passion" to describe ringing itself. Also, the synonym "love" fits well with the idea of being devoted to bell ringing.

7. passion%1:26:02:: - the suffering of Jesus at the Crucifixion - Not relevant.

Now comparing sense 1, 3, 4, and 6:

Sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion" - synonyms: love. Examples show "passion for [activity]". The text says ringing is a passion, and ringers are filled with solemn intoxication. It is described as an obsession but also as something giving satisfaction in mathematical completeness. "Warm affection or devotion" captures the idea that it's a beloved activity.

Sense 1: "a strong feeling or emotion" - too general. The text isn't talking about passion as an emotion itself but as a pursuit/activity/devotion.

Sense 3: "something that is desired intensely" - synonym "rage". The example "his rage for fame" is parallel to "passion for ringing." But "rage" has a connotation of destructive or overwhelming desire that might not fit the "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" description. Also, the WordNet sense 3 might be more about craving.

Sense 4: "an irrational but irresistible motive" - synonym "mania". While the text mentions obsession, the activity is described as intricate ritual, mathematical, mechanical perfection - not irrational.

Sense 6 seems best because:
- The example "he has a passion for cock fighting" directly parallels the usage here (passion for bell ringing).
- "Object of warm affection or devotion" fits the context of ringers loving their activity.
- The phrase "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" treats passion as a devotion/love that is associated with the place/activity.

Wait, let me double-check the exact wording in the context: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however." Here, "passion" refers back to ringing/obsession. The antecedent is "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession... It is a passion..."

In WordNet, sense 6 (passion%1:09:00::) is defined as "any object of warm affection or devotion" with synonym "love". The examples are "the theater was her first love" and "he has a passion for cock fighting". This is the sense where passion means something you love, a beloved activity or object.

Sense 1 (passion%1:12:00::) is "a strong feeling or emotion" - this would be if we said "he spoke with passion" meaning emotion. But here passion is a thing/noun referring to the activity/devotion itself.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet sense distinctions for "passion":
- Sense 1: strong feeling/emotion (the feeling itself)
- Sense 6: object of warm affection or devotion (the thing loved)

In "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower", "it" refers to ringing. So ringing is a passion. Ringing is the object of devotion. This aligns with sense 6: any object of warm affection or devotion. The theater was her first love (object of devotion). He has a passion for cock fighting (cock fighting is the object of devotion). Ringing is a passion (ringing is the object of devotion).

Sense 3 is "something that is desired intensely" - this is similar but the synonym "rage" and the example "his rage for fame" suggests a different nuance. Also, in WordNet, sense 3 is often used in constructions like "passion for [object]" but specifically meaning an intense desire. But sense 6 is more clearly "object of warm affection" with the example "he has a passion for cock fighting."

Let me verify typical WSD for "passion" in similar contexts. Usually, when someone has "a passion for X" meaning they love doing X, it's sense 6 (object of warm affection or devotion). When it's "passion" as in intense emotional state, it's sense 1.

The Sayers quote: "ringing as a 'passion that finds its satisfaction...'" - here ringing is being called a passion. This is like saying "the theater was her first love." Ringing = passion = object of devotion.

Also, the text mentions "solemn intoxication" and "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" - this suggests devotion and love for the craft.

Therefore, sense 6 (index 6) is the best choice.

Wait, I need to make sure about the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=passion%1:12:00::
2. sense_key=passion%1:07:00::
3. sense_key=passion%1:26:01::
4. sense_key=passion%1:16:00::
5. sense_key=passion%1:12:02::
6. sense_key=passion%1:09:00::
7. sense_key=passion%1:26:02::

So sense 6 is passion%1:09:00::.

Let me reconsider if sense 1 could be better. "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" - could this mean "it is a strong emotion"? The preceding sentence: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession... It is a passion..." Obsession is a state of mind, so passion could be a strong feeling. But the Sayers quote explicitly calls ringing itself a passion: "described ringing as a 'passion...'" This is the classic "object of devotion" usage.

Also, WordNet sense 6 examples include "he has a passion for cock fighting" which is exactly the same syntactic and semantic pattern as having a passion for ringing.

Sense 3: "something that is desired intensely" with example "his rage for fame destroyed him." This is also similar but "rage" is different from "passion" in connotation. The WordNet sense 3 might actually be "passion" in the sense of "passion for fame" = intense desire. But sense 6 is more common for hobbies and devotions.

Given the context emphasizes "mathematical completeness," "mechanical perfection," "intricate ritual," and "obsession," but also "warm affection," sense 6 seems most appropriate.

Actually, let me look more carefully at sense 4: "an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action" (mania, cacoethes). The text says "obsession" which is close. But the activity is described as requiring skill and precision, not irrationality. And "passion" here is not a motive but the activity itself.

Sense 2 is a personality trait.

Sense 5 is sexual.

Sense 7 is religious (Passion of Christ) - though the context is church bells, the word "passion" is not referring to the crucifixion.

So it's between 1, 3, and 6.

Sense 1: "a strong feeling or emotion" - if we interpret "passion" as the emotion felt by ringers.
Sense 3: "something that is desired intensely" - if we interpret ringing as something desired.
Sense 6: "any object of warm affection or devotion" - if we interpret ringing as the object loved.

The phrase "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower" suggests the passion is something that can stay in a place, like an activity or devotion. You don't say a strong emotion "stays in the tower" as easily as you say a hobby/devotion stays there. Also, "ringing as a passion" maps to "theater as a love."

I think sense 6 is clearly the best.

One more check: In WordNet, the sense "any object of warm affection or devotion" is often the right sense for "passion" when it means a beloved pursuit. The example "he has a passion for cock fighting" is almost exactly parallel to the usage here.

Therefore, the answer is index 6.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stay
Target surface form: stays
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually <t>stays</t> in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stay%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=remain, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
2. sense_key=stay%2:38:00:: | definition=stay put (in a certain place) | synonyms=stick, stick around, stay put | examples=We are staying in Detroit; we are not moving to Cincinnati; Stay put in the corner here!
3. sense_key=stay%2:42:01:: | definition=dwell | synonyms=bide, abide | examples=You can stay with me while you are in town; stay a bit longer--the day is still young
4. sense_key=stay%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay on, continue, remain | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
5. sense_key=stay%2:38:01:: | definition=remain behind | examples=I had to stay at home and watch the children
6. sense_key=stay%2:30:01:: | definition=stop or halt | synonyms=detain, delay | examples=Please stay the bloodshed!
7. sense_key=stay%2:42:04:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, remain | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up
8. sense_key=stay%2:42:03:: | definition=hang on during a trial of endurance | synonyms=last out, ride out, outride | examples=ride out the storm
9. sense_key=stay%2:41:00:: | definition=stop a judicial process | examples=The judge stayed the execution order
10. sense_key=stay%2:35:00:: | definition=fasten with stays
11. sense_key=stay%2:34:00:: | definition=overcome or allay | synonyms=quell, appease | examples=quell my hunger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "stays" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringing
 - It mentions that ringing is a passion/obsession
 - The sentence with the target word: "It is a passion that usually <t>stays</t> in the tower, however."
 - The following sentence explains: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

 So the meaning here is that the passion (for bell ringing) usually remains or is confined to the tower (the belfry). It doesn't leave the tower; it stays there.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. stay%2:30:00:: - stay the same; remain in a certain state
    - Examples: "The dress remained wet", "rest assured"
    - This is about maintaining a state/condition, not about location.

 2. stay%2:38:00:: - stay put (in a certain place)
    - Synonyms: stick, stick around, stay put
    - Examples: "We are staying in Detroit", "Stay put in the corner here!"
    - This is about remaining in a physical location.

 3. stay%2:42:01:: - dwell
    - Synonyms: bide, abide
    - Examples: "You can stay with me", "stay a bit longer"
    - This is about residing or lodging somewhere, typically used for people.

 4. stay%2:42:02:: - continue in a place, position, or situation
    - Synonyms: stay on, continue, remain
    - Examples: "she stayed on in Cambridge", "Stay with me"
    - This is about continuing to be in a place/position.

 5. stay%2:38:01:: - remain behind
    - Examples: "I had to stay at home"
    - This implies staying when others leave, or remaining in a place when expected to leave.

 6. stay%2:30:01:: - stop or halt
    - Synonyms: detain, delay
    - Examples: "Please stay the bloodshed!"
    - This is transitive - stopping something.

 7. stay%2:42:04:: - stay behind
    - Synonyms: persist, remain
    - Examples: "The smell stayed in the room", "The hostility remained long after"
    - This is about continuing to exist in a location, often used for abstract things or smells.

 8. stay%2:42:03:: - hang on during a trial of endurance
    - Synonyms: last out, ride out
    - Examples: "ride out the storm"
    - About enduring difficult situations.

 9. stay%2:41:00:: - stop a judicial process
    - Legal term.

 10. stay%2:35:00:: - fasten with stays
     - Physical fastening.

 11. stay%2:34:00:: - overcome or allay
     - Synonyms: quell, appease
     - Examples: "quell my hunger"

 Now, looking at the specific usage: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower"

 The subject is "a passion" (an abstract concept/emotion), and it "stays in the tower" - meaning it remains confined to that location, it doesn't leave the tower.

 This seems closest to sense 7: stay%2:42:04:: - stay behind (persist, remain)
 Example: "The smell stayed in the room" - this is very similar to "the passion stays in the tower"

 Or sense 4: continue in a place, position, or situation
 Example: "Stay with me" - but this is usually for people.

 Or sense 2: stay put (in a certain place)
 Example: "Stay put in the corner" - but this is usually imperative and for people/physical objects.

 The key is that "passion" is an abstract noun, and the meaning is that it remains/persists in the tower (location).

 Sense 7 (stay%2:42:04::) specifically mentions "The smell stayed in the room" as an example, which is parallel to "the passion stays in the tower" - both are abstract things remaining in a location.

 Sense 4 (stay%2:42:02::) has "she stayed on in Cambridge" which is about a person continuing in a place.

 Sense 1 is about state ("remain wet").

 Sense 7 definition: "stay behind" with synonyms "persist, remain" and examples showing abstract things (smell, hostility) remaining in a location.

 Actually, looking at the gloss for sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation" - this could also fit. But the examples are about people ("she stayed on", "Stay with me").

 Sense 7 examples: "The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up" - these are about things (smell, hostility) continuing to exist/be present in a location.

 The passion is like the smell or hostility - an abstract thing that remains in a location (the tower).

 So sense 7 seems best.

 Wait, let me check sense 2 again: "stay put (in a certain place)" - "We are staying in Detroit". This is about people being in a location.

 Sense 7 is specifically about things remaining behind or persisting in a location.

 The phrase "stays in the tower" means the passion remains confined to the tower, it doesn't leave. This is similar to "The smell stayed in the room."

 Therefore, sense 7 (index 7) is the best choice.

 But let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=stay%2:30:00::
 2. sense_key=stay%2:38:00::
 3. sense_key=stay%2:42:01::
 4. sense_key=stay%2:42:02::
 5. sense_key=stay%2:38:01::
 6. sense_key=stay%2:30:01::
 7. sense_key=stay%2:42:04::
 8. sense_key=stay%2:42:03::
 9. sense_key=stay%2:41:00::
 10. sense_key=stay%2:35:00::
 11. sense_key=stay%2:34:00::

 So sense 7 corresponds to stay%2:42:04::.

 Actually, looking at WordNet, the sense keys might be mapped differently, but based on the list provided, I need to choose the index number (1-11).

 The context: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

 This means the passion remains in the tower, it doesn't go outside. The ringers leave the tower, but the passion stays there (or stays with the activity in the tower).

 Actually, reading more carefully: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

 This suggests that the passion for ringing is confined to the tower - when ringers leave the tower, they don't carry that passion/obsession with them into their daily lives (or at least, that's the suggestion with "however" contrasting with "obsession").

 So "stays in the tower" = remains in the tower, is confined to the tower.

 This is most like sense 7: "stay behind" with the example "The smell stayed in the room."

 Or sense 4: "continue in a place, position, or situation" - but this is usually for people continuing in a role or location.

 Sense 7 is for things persisting in a location.

 The passion is an abstract entity, like a smell, so sense 7 fits best.

 Wait, could it be sense 1? "stay the same; remain in a certain state" - no, because it's about location (in the tower), not state.

 Sense 2? "stay put (in a certain place)" - this is possible, but usually used for animate subjects or things that could move but don't. "We are staying in Detroit."

 But for abstract things like passion, sense 7 seems more appropriate with its examples of "smell" and "hostility".

 Also, sense 7 has synonym "persist" which fits well - the passion persists in the tower.

 So I choose index 7.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tower
Target surface form: tower
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the <t>tower</t>, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "tower" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringing
 - It mentions "Far above in the belfry"
 - It mentions "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession... It is a passion that usually stays in the <t>tower</t>, however."
 - It mentions "ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry"

 So the "tower" here refers to the bell tower or church tower where the bells are located. This is a physical structure, specifically a tall structure.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=tower%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building
    - This fits a bell tower or church tower. It's a tall structure, part of or attached to the church building.

 2. sense_key=tower%1:25:00:: | definition=anything that approximates the shape of a column or tower | synonyms=column, pillar | examples=the test tube held a column of white powder; a tower of dust rose above the horizon
    - This is a more abstract sense referring to things shaped like towers (columns of dust, etc.), not actual buildings.

 3. sense_key=tower%1:06:01:: | definition=a powerful small boat designed to pull or push larger ships | synonyms=tugboat, tug, towboat
    - This is clearly wrong - it's about boats/tugs.

 The context clearly refers to the physical building/structure where bell ringing takes place - the bell tower of the church. The text mentions "belfry" which is part of a tower, and says the passion stays "in the tower", contrasting with the church being "stuck on the bottom of the belfry". This indicates the tower is the tall structure containing the bells.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice: "a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building"

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}