[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or <t>other</t> veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "other" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or <t>other</t> veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

 The word "other" here is modifying "veterinary therapy" and is used in coordination with "other supportive measure" (which appears to have a typo - should be "measures").

 The meaning is clearly indicating additional or different types of veterinary therapy beyond what was previously mentioned (the Cerenia treatment). It's referring to therapies that are not the same as the one already mentioned (Cerenia).

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works

 This fits perfectly. The context is talking about veterinary therapy that is different from or in addition to the Cerenia treatment already mentioned. It's saying the treatment should be together with supportive measures or other (additional/different) veterinary therapy.

 2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening

 This refers to time, like "the other day". Doesn't fit here.

 3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations

 This refers to distant past. Doesn't fit.

 4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

 This means strange/unusual. While "other" can mean strange in some contexts (like "otherworldly"), here it clearly means "additional" or "different from the one mentioned", not "strange".

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=other%3:00:00::
 2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00
 3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00
 4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00

 So index 1 is the first one.

 The context is clearly using "other" to mean "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - i.e., veterinary therapies other than Cerenia (or in addition to the supportive measures mentioned).

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: address
Target surface form: addressing
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while <t>addressing</t> the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=address%2:32:00:: | definition=speak to | synonyms=turn to | examples=He addressed the crowd outside the window
2. sense_key=address%2:32:02:: | definition=give a speech to | synonyms=speak | examples=The chairman addressed the board of trustees
3. sense_key=address%2:32:03:: | definition=put an address on (an envelope) | synonyms=direct
4. sense_key=address%2:33:00:: | definition=direct a question at someone
5. sense_key=address%2:34:00:: | definition=address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question
6. sense_key=address%2:41:08:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=call | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
7. sense_key=address%2:40:00:: | definition=access or locate by address
8. sense_key=address%2:32:04:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, deal | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
9. sense_key=address%2:32:01:: | definition=speak to someone | synonyms=accost, come up to
10. sense_key=address%2:30:00:: | definition=adjust and aim (a golf ball) at in preparation of hitting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "addressing" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while <t>addressing</t> the underlying causes of the vomiting."

 The meaning here is about dealing with, handling, or treating the underlying causes of vomiting. It's about directing efforts toward solving or managing the root causes.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=address%2:32:00:: | definition=speak to | synonyms=turn to | examples=He addressed the crowd outside the window
 - This is about speaking to someone. Not relevant here.

 2. sense_key=address%2:32:02:: | definition=give a speech to | synonyms=speak | examples=The chairman addressed the board of trustees
 - This is about giving a speech. Not relevant.

 3. sense_key=address%2:32:03:: | definition=put an address on (an envelope) | synonyms=direct
 - This is about mailing. Not relevant.

 4. sense_key=address%2:33:00:: | definition=direct a question at someone
 - About asking questions. Not relevant.

 5. sense_key=address%2:34:00:: | definition=address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question
 - This could be close. It means to apply oneself to something.

 6. sense_key=address%2:41:08:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=call | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
 - About greeting/naming. Not relevant.

 7. sense_key=address%2:40:00:: | definition=access or locate by address
 - Computer/location sense. Not relevant.

 8. sense_key=address%2:32:04:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, deal | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
 - This sense means to deal with, handle, treat a subject or problem. The synonyms include "treat", "handle", "deal". The context is about dealing with/treating the underlying causes of vomiting.

 9. sense_key=address%2:32:01:: | definition=speak to someone | synonyms=accost, come up to
 - About approaching/speaking to someone. Not relevant.

 10. sense_key=address%2:30:00:: | definition=adjust and aim (a golf ball) at in preparation of hitting
 - Golf term. Not relevant.

 Now comparing sense 5 and sense 8:

 Sense 5: "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question"
 - This is about applying oneself to a task or question.

 Sense 8: "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" with synonyms cover, treat, handle, plow, deal.
 - The examples show "This book deals with incest", "The course covered all of Western Civilization".
 - However, the context here is not specifically verbal or artistic expression. It's about medical treatment - addressing underlying causes.

 Wait, let me look more carefully at the WordNet senses. The sense keys might help.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
 - address%2:32:04:: is usually the sense "deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression" (as listed)
 - address%2:34:00:: is "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question"

 But in the context of "addressing the underlying causes", this is about dealing with or handling the causes.

 Let me reconsider the definitions provided in the prompt:

 Sense 8: "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" - this seems to be about discussing or covering a topic (like a book addressing a subject).

 Sense 5: "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question" - this is about tackling a problem or issue.

 In medical context, "addressing the underlying causes" means dealing with, treating, or handling the root causes. This aligns more with sense 8's synonyms (treat, handle, deal) even though the definition mentions "verbally or artistic expression". But actually, looking at the examples for sense 8: "This book deals with incest" - this is about the content covering a topic.

 However, sense 5 "direct one's efforts towards something" also fits.

 Let me check the actual WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 entries to be sure.

 In WordNet 3.1:
 - address.v.01: speak to (synonyms: turn to)
 - address.v.02: give a speech to (synonyms: speak)
 - address.v.03: put an address on (an envelope) (synonyms: direct)
 - address.v.04: direct a question at someone
 - address.v.05: address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question (synonyms: turn to)
 - address.v.06: greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name (synonyms: call)
 - address.v.07: access or locate by address
 - address.v.08: deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression (synonyms: cover, treat, handle, plow, deal, deal with, discuss)
 - address.v.09: speak to someone (synonyms: accost, come up to)
 - address.v.10: adjust and aim (a golf ball) at in preparation of hitting

 Wait, the numbering in the prompt seems to correspond to:
 1. address.v.01 (speak to)
 2. address.v.02 (give a speech to)
 3. address.v.03 (put an address on)
 4. address.v.04 (direct a question)
 5. address.v.05 (apply oneself to)
 6. address.v.06 (greet)
 7. address.v.07 (access by address)
 8. address.v.08 (deal with verbally...)
 9. address.v.09 (accost)
 10. address.v.10 (golf)

 But the context "addressing the underlying causes" in a medical text is about treating or dealing with the causes. This is closest to sense 8 (deal with/handle/treat), even though the definition mentions "verbally or artistic expression", the synonyms include "treat" and "handle" which fit medical treatment contexts.

 However, sense 5 "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something" could also fit.

 Let me look at the exact wording again: "while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting"

 This means "while dealing with" or "while treating" the underlying causes.

 In medical contexts, "address" often means "to deal with" or "treat" in the sense of handling a problem.

 Looking at the synonyms for sense 8: cover, treat, handle, plow, deal. The word "treat" is explicitly there, which is a medical term.

 Looking at sense 5: the definition is about applying oneself to something or directing efforts.

 Actually, looking at standard WSD datasets, "address" in the sense of "deal with" (as in addressing a problem) is usually sense 8 (address.v.08 in WordNet 3.0/3.1).

 But wait, the definition provided for sense 8 in the prompt says "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression". This seems restrictive. However, the examples include "This book deals with incest" which is about the subject matter of the book.

 In the context: "addressing the underlying causes" - this is not necessarily verbal or artistic. It's medical treatment.

 Let me reconsider sense 5: "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question"

 This could mean tackling the underlying causes.

 But actually, looking at the WordNet gloss for address.v.05 (which corresponds to sense 5 here): "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question" - this is about turning one's attention to something.

 The gloss for address.v.08 (sense 8): "deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression" - but this seems wrong for medical causes.

 Wait, I should check if there's a sense missing or if I'm misinterpreting.

 Actually, in many WSD contexts, "address a problem" maps to the sense of dealing with or handling it.

 Let me look at the provided examples and synonyms carefully:

 Sense 8: synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, deal | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization

 The word "treat" here is likely meant in the sense of "treat a subject" (discuss it), not medical treatment. But it could be ambiguous.

 However, in the context of veterinary medicine, "treat" is clearly medical.

 But the question is: which sense index corresponds to the medical "treat/handle" meaning?

 Actually, looking at the WordNet entry for address:
 - The sense "deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression" is indeed one sense.
 - The sense "address or apply oneself to something..." is another.

 But there's also a sense that means "to give attention to" or "to handle".

 Let me check the sense keys again. The format is address%2:XX:YY:: where XX is the lexicographer file number (e.g., 32=communication, 34=cognition, 40=contact, 41=communication, 30=change, etc.).

 32 = verb.communication
 34 = verb.cognition
 40 = verb.contact
 41 = verb.communication (different specific type)
 30 = verb.change

 Sense 8 is address%2:32:04:: - this is in the communication category, suggesting it's about verbal communication.

 Sense 5 is address%2:34:00:: - this is in the cognition category, suggesting it's about mental effort/directing attention.

 In the context "addressing the underlying causes", this is about the veterinarian taking action to find and treat the causes. It's about directing efforts/treatment toward the causes.

 However, the phrase "address the underlying causes" is very commonly used in medical contexts to mean "treat" or "deal with".

 Let me reconsider the mapping. Perhaps sense 8 is the correct one despite the "verbally" part of the definition, because the synonyms include "treat" and "handle".

 Or perhaps the definition in the prompt for sense 8 is slightly misleading or I should focus on the synonyms.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 8: "This book deals with incest" - "deal with" here means "is about" or "covers the topic of".

 But in our context, "addressing the underlying causes" means "taking care of" or "treating" the causes.

 This might actually be sense 5: "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something"

 But let me check if there's a sense like "to deal with (a problem)".

 In WordNet 3.1, address.v.08 is indeed "deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression".

 However, address.v.11 (if it exists) or another sense might be "to direct one's attention to".

 Actually, looking up WordNet 3.1 online:
 - address.v.01: speak to
 - address.v.02: give a speech to
 - address.v.03: put an address on
 - address.v.04: direct a question at
 - address.v.05: address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question
 - address.v.06: greet
 - address.v.07: access by address
 - address.v.08: deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression
 - address.v.09: speak to someone (accost)
 - address.v.10: adjust and aim (golf)

 So there are only 10 senses listed here, matching the 10 candidates.

 Now, "addressing the underlying causes" - is this communication/cognition/contact?

 It's about medical treatment. The closest would be sense 8 (treat, handle) or sense 5 (apply oneself to).

 But "treat" in sense 8 is likely "treat a subject" (discuss it), not "treat a patient". However, the synonym "handle" fits well.

 "Deal with" in sense 8 is illustrated with "This book deals with incest" - which is about the content.

 But "deal with" can also mean "handle" or "manage" (e.g., "deal with a problem").

 In the context: "while addressing the underlying causes" - this is parallel to "treatment of vomiting". So "addressing" here is synonymous with "treating" or "handling".

 Given the options, sense 8 has the synonyms "treat, handle, deal" which are the closest matches, even if the definition mentions "verbally or artistic expression". The core meaning of dealing with/handling is there.

 Sense 5 is about applying oneself or directing efforts, which is also plausible but less specific about the action of treating the causes.

 However, looking at the exact wording of sense 5: "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question"

 And sense 8: "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression"

 The context is not verbal or artistic. It's medical action.

 But sense 5 is about directing efforts, which fits "addressing causes" in the sense of investigating and treating them.

 Actually, I think I need to look at this differently. In many WSD test sets, "address" when used with "problem" or "issue" or "cause" in the sense of "deal with" is mapped to sense 8 (the "deal with" sense), even if the gloss mentions "verbally". This is because WordNet glosses are sometimes narrow but the usage has broadened, or because "deal with" covers both verbal and non-verbal handling in that sense.

 Wait, looking at the synonyms for sense 8 again: cover, treat, handle, plow, deal.

 "Handle" and "deal" are general enough to cover medical treatment.

 Also, the example "The course covered all of Western Civilization" - "covered" here means dealt with the subject.

 But "addressing the underlying causes" is not about covering a subject, it's about treating the medical condition.

 Let me reconsider sense 5. "Direct one's efforts towards something" - this fits well with treating underlying causes. You direct your veterinary efforts toward finding and treating the causes.

 But sense 8 has "treat" as a synonym.

 Let me check the WordNet sense key format. The number after the second colon is the lexicographer file number, and the last number before the :: is the sense number within that file.

 address%2:32:04:: - verb.communication, sense 04
 address%2:34:00:: - verb.cognition, sense 00

 In verb.communication, we have senses about speaking, giving speeches, etc. Sense 04 there is likely the "deal with verbally" sense.

 In verb.cognition, sense 00 is "address or apply oneself to something".

 Given that the context is about veterinary therapy and treatment, and "addressing" is used in parallel with "treatment", the meaning is clearly "dealing with" or "handling" or "treating".

 Between sense 5 and sense 8, sense 8 has the explicit synonym "treat", while sense 5 is more about mental application/attention.

 However, the definition of sense 8 restricts it to "verbally or artistic expression", which doesn't fit medicine.

 This is a dilemma. But in WSD tasks, we often have to choose the least bad option or recognize that "deal with" in sense 8 has broadened.

 Actually, looking at the provided examples for sense 8: "This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization" - these are about academic/content coverage.

 Is there any other sense that could fit?

 Sense 1: speak to - no
 Sense 2: give speech - no
 Sense 3: envelope - no
 Sense 4: direct question - no
 Sense 5: apply oneself - maybe
 Sense 6: greet - no
 Sense 7: computer address - no
 Sense 8: deal with verbally - maybe (via "handle")
 Sense 9: accost - no
 Sense 10: golf - no

 So it's between 5 and 8.

 Let me search my internal knowledge of WordNet sense disambiguation for "address" in medical contexts.

 In the SemCor corpus or other tagged data, "address" meaning "to deal with" (a problem) is typically tagged as address.v.08 (the 8th sense), even when not strictly verbal. This is because WordNet's sense 8 is the only one that captures the "handle/deal with" meaning, despite the gloss mentioning "verbally".

 Alternatively, some distinctions:
 - Sense 8: to discuss, to cover (a topic)
 - Sense 5: to turn one's attention to, to apply oneself to

 In "addressing the underlying causes", the veterinarians are not just discussing the causes, they are treating them. But they are also directing their efforts toward them.

 However, the phrase "address the underlying causes" is a fixed expression meaning "treat the root causes", which aligns with "handle" or "deal with".

 I think the intended answer is sense 8, because:
 1. It has the synonym "treat"
 2. It has the synonym "handle"
 3. It has the synonym "deal"
 4. In WSD, this is the standard mapping for "address a problem"

 Even though the gloss mentions "verbally", the schematic nature of WordNet glosses means we should look at the synonyms and examples together. The examples show "deals with" and "covered", which are about handling subjects, and "treat" can mean handle medically.

 Wait, I should verify if "treat" in sense 8 means medical treat or treat as in "treat a subject". Given the examples are about books and courses, it's "treat a subject". But the synonym is shared.

 Actually, looking carefully at the prompt's sense 8: "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" - this is quite specific.

 But sense 5: "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something" - this is more general and could include medical treatment.

 However, sense 5's examples (not provided in prompt, but implied) might be like "He addressed himself to the task".

 Let me reconsider the context one more time: "while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting"

 This could mean "while treating the underlying causes" or "while investigating/attending to the underlying causes".

 If I have to choose between the communication sense (8) and the cognition sense (5), and the context is medical treatment (action), sense 5 seems more appropriate because it's about applying oneself/efforts.

 But sense 8 has the word "treat" in the synonyms list provided in the prompt!

 The prompt lists for sense 8: synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, deal

 This is strong evidence that sense 8 is the intended answer, despite the "verbally" in the definition. The synonyms are key.

 Also, sense 5's synonyms are not listed in the prompt, but in WordNet they might be "turn to" or similar.

 Given that "treat" is explicitly listed as a synonym for sense 8, and the context is about medical treatment (Cerenia for vomiting), sense 8 is the best match.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 8.

 Wait, I need to be careful. The user said "Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense."

 So I should go with 8.

 But let me double-check if there's any trick. The word is "addressing" (present participle). The context is veterinary medicine.

 Could it be sense 5? "direct one's efforts towards something"

 If I address a problem, I tackle it.

 But "treat" is the key word here. The text says "treatment of vomiting" and then "addressing the underlying causes". These are parallel. The word "treat" appears in sense 8's synonyms.

 Therefore, sense 8 is the correct choice.

 Final check: Is there any possibility it's sense 1 or 2? No, that's speaking.
 Sense 3? No, mail.
 Sense 4? No, questions.
 Sense 6? No, greeting.
 Sense 7? No, computer.
 Sense 9? No, accosting.
 Sense 10? No, golf.

 So it's 5 or 8. Between these, 8 has "treat, handle, deal" which are perfect matches for the medical context of dealing with causes. The "verbally" part of the gloss is likely a limitation of the gloss, but the synonyms reveal the broader usage.

 Actually, looking at WordNet 3.1 again, I see that address.v.08 is indeed "deal with verbally or in some form of artistic expression". But address.v.05 is "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question".

 In the context "addressing the underlying causes", if we interpret it as "treating the causes", it's sense 8 (via synonym treat).
 If we interpret it as "turning attention to the causes", it's sense 5.

 But "treatment" in the text suggests "treat" is the parallel concept.

 I'll go with 8.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Chutes

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: underlying
Target surface form: underlying
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the <t>underlying</t> causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=in the nature of something though not readily apparent | synonyms=implicit in, inherent | examples=shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning
2. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:subjacent:00 | definition=located beneath or below
3. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:basic:00 | definition=being or involving basic facts or principles | synonyms=fundamental, rudimentary | examples=the fundamental laws of the universe; a fundamental incomatibility between them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "underlying" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The text is about veterinary medicine, specifically about Cerenia (a drug for treating vomiting in dogs). The sentence with the target word is: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the <t>underlying</t> causes of the vomiting."

The phrase is "underlying causes of the vomiting". This means the fundamental, basic, or root causes that are causing the vomiting symptom.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=in the nature of something though not readily apparent | synonyms=implicit in, inherent | examples=shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning
   - This sense relates to things that are implicit or inherent but not obvious. While "underlying causes" could fit this somewhat (causes that aren't immediately visible), the example given is "underlying meaning" which is more about hidden meanings rather than root causes.

2. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:subjacent:00 | definition=located beneath or below
   - This is a literal, spatial sense (physical location beneath something). In the context of "underlying causes", this would be metaphorical, not literal spatial positioning. So this is unlikely.

3. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:basic:00 | definition=being or involving basic facts or principles | synonyms=fundamental, rudimentary | examples=the fundamental laws of the universe; a fundamental incomatibility between them
   - This sense means basic, fundamental. "Underlying causes" means the fundamental or root causes - the basic reasons why something is happening. This fits perfectly with the medical context where you treat symptoms while also addressing the fundamental/root causes.

Comparing sense 1 and sense 3:
- Sense 1 emphasizes "not readily apparent", "implicit", "inherent"
- Sense 3 emphasizes "basic", "fundamental"

In medical contexts, "underlying cause" typically refers to the fundamental/root cause of a condition - the basic disease or condition causing the symptoms. This aligns better with sense 3 (basic, fundamental) than sense 1 (implicit, inherent but not apparent).

Actually, let me reconsider. WordNet sense 1 (underlying%5:00:00:implicit:00) might be the "inherent" sense. But sense 3 is explicitly about basic facts/principles.

The phrase "underlying causes" is very commonly used in medical contexts to mean "root causes" or "fundamental causes". Looking at the definition of sense 3: "being or involving basic facts or principles" - this matches "underlying causes" as the basic reasons/factors causing the vomiting.

Sense 1 could also work because underlying causes are often not readily apparent (you have to diagnose them), but sense 3 is more specific to the "fundamental/basic" aspect which is what "underlying" means in medical contexts when paired with "causes".

Actually, looking at WordNet more carefully:
- underlying%5:00:00:implicit:00 - This is the "implicit in, inherent" sense. Examples: "shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning"
- underlying%5:00:00:basic:00 - This is the "fundamental" sense. Examples mention "fundamental laws"

"Underlying cause" is a collocation that typically maps to the fundamental/basic sense rather than the implicit/hidden sense, though there is overlap. However, in medical terminology, an "underlying condition" or "underlying cause" refers to the fundamental disease process causing the symptoms.

Therefore, sense 3 seems most appropriate.

Wait, I should check if there's any other nuance. The context says "addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting" - this means finding and treating the root medical reasons why the dog is vomiting (like kidney disease, infection, etc.), not just stopping the vomiting symptom. This is definitely the "fundamental/basic" sense.

So the answer should be sense_index: 3.

The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cause
Target surface form: causes
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying <t>causes</t> of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cause%1:11:00:: | definition=events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something | examples=they are trying to determine the cause of the crash
2. sense_key=cause%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=reason, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
3. sense_key=cause%1:04:01:: | definition=a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end | synonyms=campaign, crusade, drive, movement, effort | examples=he supported populist campaigns; they worked in the cause of world peace
4. sense_key=cause%1:03:00:: | definition=any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results | synonyms=causal agent, causal agency
5. sense_key=cause%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, case, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "causes" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The text is about Cerenia, a medicine for vomiting in dogs. The specific sentence is: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying <t>causes</t> of the vomiting."

 Here, "causes" refers to the underlying reasons or origins of why the vomiting is happening. It's talking about identifying what is making the dog vomit (the etiology).

 Candidate sense analysis:

 1. sense_key=cause%1:11:00:: | definition=events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something | examples=they are trying to determine the cause of the crash
    - This seems to fit. "Underlying causes of the vomiting" = the events/factors that generate/originate the vomiting. This is about etiology/origin.

 2. sense_key=cause%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=reason, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
    - This is about justification or reason for an action/feeling, not the physical/medical origin of a symptom. Doesn't fit as well.

 3. sense_key=cause%1:04:01:: | definition=a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end | synonyms=campaign, crusade, drive, movement, effort
    - This is about social movements/campaigns. Clearly doesn't fit.

 4. sense_key=cause%1:03:00:: | definition=any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results | synonyms=causal agent, causal agency
    - This refers to the agent/entity that causes something. While related, in medical context when we say "underlying causes" we often mean the conditions, diseases, or factors (events/states) that lead to the symptom, not necessarily the agent itself (like a bacteria might be the causal agent). However, sense 1 (events that provide the generative force) seems more appropriate for "underlying causes" in a medical context referring to etiology.

 Wait, let me reconsider sense 1 vs sense 4.

 Sense 1: "events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something" - this is the cause as an event or happening.
 Sense 4: "any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results" - this is the cause as an agent/entity.

 In the phrase "underlying causes of the vomiting", we are talking about the medical conditions, diseases, or factors that are responsible. These could be considered "events" or "states" (sense 1) or "entities" (sense 4).

 However, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1 example: "they are trying to determine the cause of the crash" - this is exactly parallel to "determine the cause of the vomiting"
 - Sense 4: no example given, but synonyms are "causal agent, causal agency" - this would be like "the virus is the cause of the disease"

 In medical contexts, when we talk about "underlying causes" of symptoms, we usually mean sense 1 (the origin/generative force). For example, "the cause of the pain" = what is causing it (the etiology).

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - cause%1:11:00:: is usually the abstract concept of causation or the reason/origin.
 - cause%1:03:00:: is the agent.

 But in common parlance, "cause" in "cause of death" or "cause of vomiting" is typically sense 1:11:00.

 Let me check the WordNet definitions more carefully.

 Sense 1: "events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something"
 Sense 4: "any entity that produces an effect or is responsible for events or results"

 The phrase "underlying causes" suggests the fundamental reasons or origins. In medicine, the "cause" of a disease is often classified under sense 1 (the etiologic factor as an event/state).

 However, there's ambiguity here. Let me look at the examples again.

 Sense 1 example: "they are trying to determine the cause of the crash"
 This is exactly analogous to "addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting"

 Sense 4 would be more like "Bacteria are the cause of the infection" (where bacteria are the entity).

 But actually, in WordNet:
 - 1:11:00 is "cause, reason, grounds" - the basis for an action or belief? No wait, that's different.

 Let me check the actual WordNet senses for "cause":

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet 3.0:
 - cause%1:03:00:: - causal agent, cause, causal agency (an entity)
 - cause%1:10:00:: - reason, grounds, cause (a justification)
 - cause%1:11:00:: - cause (events that provide the generative force...)
 - cause%1:04:01:: - campaign, cause, crusade...
 - cause%1:04:00:: - lawsuit, suit, case, cause, causa...

 So sense 1 in the list provided (cause%1:11:00::) is the "origin" sense.
 Sense 4 (cause%1:03:00::) is the "agent" sense.

 In the context "underlying causes of the vomiting", this refers to the medical conditions or factors that are generating the vomiting. This aligns with sense 1 (events/generative force/origin).

 For example:
 - "The cause of the crash" = what caused it (the icy roads, the driver error - these are events/conditions)
 - "The cause of the vomiting" = what caused it (the infection, the toxin, the motion sickness - these are events/conditions/states)

 Sense 4 would be used if we said something like "The virus is the cause" - identifying the specific agent.

 But "underlying causes" is plural and refers to the origins/reasons, not necessarily specific agents. It fits sense 1 best.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 Wait, I need to be careful. The user lists the senses with numbers 1-5. I need to map to the index number provided.

 The candidates are:
 1. sense_key=cause%1:11:00::
 2. sense_key=cause%1:10:00::
 3. sense_key=cause%1:04:01::
 4. sense_key=cause%1:03:00::
 5. sense_key=cause%1:04:00::

 So if I choose sense_key=cause%1:11:00::, the index is 1.

 Let me double-check sense 2: "a justification for something existing or happening" - this is like "cause for complaint". Not applicable.

 Sense 3: social movement. Not applicable.

 Sense 5: lawsuit. Not applicable.

 So it's between 1 and 4.

 "Underlying causes of the vomiting" - in veterinary/medicine, when treating vomiting, you address the underlying cause (e.g., kidney disease, parvovirus, dietary indiscretion). These are the origins/generative forces (sense 1).

 If it were "the virus is the cause", that might be sense 4 (the entity).

 But "causes" plural, referring to the underlying reasons/origins, is definitely sense 1.

 Final check: The example for sense 1 is "they are trying to determine the cause of the crash". This is perfectly parallel to "addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting".

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: risk
Target surface form: risk
Context:
What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the <t>risk</t> associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=risk%1:26:00:: | definition=a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune | synonyms=hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment | examples=drinking alcohol is a health hazard
2. sense_key=risk%1:04:00:: | definition=a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury | synonyms=peril, danger | examples=he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime; there was a danger he would do the wrong thing
3. sense_key=risk%1:07:02:: | definition=the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred | synonyms=risk of infection
4. sense_key=risk%1:07:01:: | definition=the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent | synonyms=risk of exposure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "risk" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The text is about a veterinary medicine called Cerenia. It discusses the benefits and then asks "What is the risk associated with Cerenia?" followed by information about tolerance and dosages.

 The question "What is the risk associated with Cerenia?" is asking about potential dangers or adverse effects of the medication. This is a general question about the hazards or potential for harm/side effects from using the drug.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=risk%1:26:00:: | definition=a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune | synonyms=hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment | examples=drinking alcohol is a health hazard
 - This seems to fit well. The "risk associated with Cerenia" refers to the potential dangers or hazards of using the drug (side effects, adverse reactions, etc.). The example "drinking alcohol is a health hazard" is analogous to "Cerenia has risks/hazards".

 2. sense_key=risk%1:04:00:: | definition=a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury | synonyms=peril, danger | examples=he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime; there was a danger he would do the wrong thing
 - This refers to a venture or undertaking that is risky. The context isn't about undertaking a risky venture, but about the inherent dangers/hazards of a medication. The example mentions "risks of crime" which is about the dangers inherent in an activity, but sense 1 seems more about the source of danger itself.

 3. sense_key=risk%1:07:02:: | definition=the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred | synonyms=risk of infection
 - This is very specific to infectious disease epidemiology. The context is about a veterinary drug for vomiting, not specifically about infection probability.

 4. sense_key=risk%1:07:01:: | definition=the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent | synonyms=risk of exposure
 - Also specific to infectious disease epidemiology. Not relevant here.

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

 Sense 1 (risk%1:26:00::): "a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune" - this is a noun referring to the danger itself.
 Sense 2 (risk%1:04:00::): "a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury" - this refers to the risky action or venture.

 In the phrase "risk associated with Cerenia", we are talking about the potential dangers or hazards of the drug (side effects, adverse reactions). This aligns with sense 1 - the drug is a source of potential danger (side effects).

 Sense 2 would fit better in contexts like "taking Cerenia is a risk" or "it is a risk to use Cerenia", implying the act of using it is a venture. But "the risk associated with" typically refers to the hazard or danger inherent in the thing.

 Also, looking at the synonyms:
 Sense 1: hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment
 Sense 2: peril, danger

 "Hazard" is a very common way to describe drug risks in medical contexts. "The risks and hazards of medication..."

 The example for sense 1: "drinking alcohol is a health hazard" - this parallels "Cerenia has risks/hazards".

 The example for sense 2: "he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime" - this is about the dangers inherent in an activity, but sense 1 is more about the source of danger.

 Actually, looking carefully at WordNet:
 - risk%1:26:00:: is under noun.artifact? No, let me check WordNet structure mentally.
 - risk%1:04:00:: is under noun.act (a venture undertaken...)
 - risk%1:26:00:: is under noun.state or noun.attribute? Actually, "source of danger" is often noun.artifact or noun.state.

 Wait, looking at the sense keys:
 - %1:26:00:: - 26 is usually noun.attribute or noun.state? Let me recall WordNet lexicographer file numbers:
   - 04: noun.act
   - 07: noun.cognition? No, 07 is noun.cognition? Actually:
   - 04: noun.act
   - 07: noun.cognition? No, 07 is noun.cognition in some versions? Wait.
   - 26: noun.attribute

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet 3.0 lexicographer file numbers:
 - 04: noun.act
 - 07: noun.cognition? No, 07 is noun.cognition? Let me check...
 - 26: noun.attribute

 But regardless of the numbers, the definitions are clear.

 Sense 1: "a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune" - This is the general concept of risk as a hazard.
 Sense 2: "a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury" - This is a specific risky action.

 In medical contexts, when we ask "What are the risks?" we are asking about the potential adverse effects, hazards, or dangers. This is sense 1.

 The text mentions "Cerenia was generally well tolerated..." which addresses the safety profile, i.e., the lack of significant risks/hazards.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 Wait, I should double-check if there's any subtlety I'm missing. The phrase is "the risk associated with Cerenia". This is asking about the dangers/hazards of the medication. This is definitely sense 1.

 Sense 2 would be if the text said something like "Using Cerenia is a risk" implying it's a gamble or dangerous venture. But "the risk associated with" is a standard phrase for "the hazard of".

 Also, sense 1 has synonyms including "hazard", which is exactly what drug risks are called in pharmacovigilance.

 So the answer is sense 1.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, the user said "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 So I should return {"sense_index": 1} since I chose the first candidate sense.

 Let me verify the indexing. The candidates are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. So yes, sense_index should be 1.

 Final check:
 - Context: Veterinary medicine, asking about side effects/dangers of a drug.
 - Sense 1: Source of danger, hazard. Fits perfectly.
 - Sense 2: Risky venture. Doesn't fit.
 - Sense 3: Infection probability. Doesn't fit.
 - Sense 4: Exposure probability. Doesn't fit.

 Answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: generally
Target surface form: generally
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was <t>generally</t> well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=generally%4:02:02:: | definition=usually; as a rule | synonyms=by and large, more often than not, mostly | examples=by and large it doesn't rain much here
2. sense_key=generally%4:02:01:: | definition=without distinction of one from others | synonyms=in general, in the main | examples=he is interested in snakes in general
3. sense_key=generally%4:02:00:: | definition=without regard to specific details or exceptions | synonyms=broadly, loosely, broadly speaking | examples=he interprets the law broadly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "generally" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment)."

Here, "generally" modifies "well tolerated" and means that in most cases or usually, the drug was well tolerated. It suggests that while there might be exceptions, the typical outcome was good tolerability.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=generally%4:02:02:: | definition=usually; as a rule | synonyms=by and large, more often than not, mostly | examples=by and large it doesn't rain much here
   - This fits the context. "Cerenia was usually well tolerated" or "as a rule, well tolerated" makes sense. It indicates frequency or typicality.

2. sense_key=generally%4:02:01:: | definition=without distinction of one from others | synonyms=in general, in the main | examples=he is interested in snakes in general
   - This would mean something like "in general, Cerenia was well tolerated" but the specific sense here is about not distinguishing between specific instances. However, the context is about the typical response to the drug across the study population, not about treating all instances without distinction. The example "snakes in general" suggests talking about a category as a whole.

3. sense_key=generally%4:02:00:: | definition=without regard to specific details or exceptions | synonyms=broadly, loosely, broadly speaking | examples=he interprets the law broadly
   - This suggests speaking in broad terms or approximately. "Broadly well tolerated" doesn't quite fit as well as "usually well tolerated" in this medical context.

Comparing sense 1 and sense 2:
Sense 1 focuses on "usually; as a rule" - indicating frequency or typical occurrence.
Sense 2 focuses on "without distinction of one from others" - referring to the general case vs specific cases.

In the sentence "Cerenia was generally well tolerated", the meaning is that in most instances or for most subjects, it was well tolerated - i.e., usually. This aligns with sense 1.

Sense 2 would fit better in contexts like "generally speaking" or when referring to something "in general" as opposed to specific instances. But here, "generally" is being used as a frequency adverb meaning "in most cases" or "usually."

The example for sense 1: "by and large it doesn't rain much here" - similar usage pattern to "generally well tolerated."

The example for sense 2: "he is interested in snakes in general" - this is about the category as a whole.

The context is describing the outcome of studies showing tolerability. "Generally well tolerated" is a common medical phrase meaning "usually well tolerated" or "for the most part well tolerated."

Therefore, sense 1 (generally%4:02:02::) seems to be the best fit.

Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense ordering. Often sense 1 is the most frequent, but I need to look at the definitions carefully.

Actually, looking at WordNet:
- generally%4:02:00:: is usually the first sense (broadly speaking)
- generally%4:02:01:: is the second sense (in general, in the main)
- generally%4:02:02:: is the third sense (usually, as a rule)

But the user has indexed them as 1, 2, 3 in the candidates. The user says:
1. sense_key=generally%4:02:02:: (usually; as a rule)
2. sense_key=generally%4:02:01:: (without distinction...)
3. sense_key=generally%4:02:00:: (without regard to specific details...)

So:
- Index 1 = usually; as a rule
- Index 2 = without distinction of one from others (in general)
- Index 3 = without regard to specific details (broadly)

Given the context "Cerenia was generally well tolerated", this means "for the most part" or "usually" it was well tolerated. This matches index 1.

Index 2 would be used in contexts like "I don't like animals generally" meaning "in general, I don't like animals" (referring to the category).

Index 3 would be used like "generally speaking" or speaking broadly/loosely.

Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally <t>well</t> tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "well" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "Cerenia was generally <t>well</t> tolerated when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment)."

 The phrase is "well tolerated". This is describing how the medicine was tolerated by the subjects (dogs). It means the medicine was tolerated in a good manner, without significant adverse effects, satisfactorily.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done

 This seems to fit. "Well tolerated" means tolerated in a satisfactory/good manner. The definition mentions "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard". The example "a task well done" is similar in structure to "well tolerated" (adverb modifying past participle/adjective).

 2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed

 This could also be a candidate. "Well tolerated" could mean thoroughly/completely tolerated. However, in medical contexts, "well tolerated" specifically means "tolerated without significant adverse effects" i.e., in a satisfactory manner. Sense 2 emphasizes completeness/thoroughness (like "well understood" = thoroughly understood). While "well tolerated" can imply "generally tolerated without issues", the primary meaning in medical English is about the quality of tolerance (good/satisfactory) rather than the degree of completeness.

 Let me check the other senses to be sure:

 3. Indicating high probability - doesn't fit.
 4. Entirely or fully (emphasis) - could be close, but "well tolerated" isn't about emphasis in the sense of "entirely tolerated", it's about the manner of tolerance being good.
 5. To a suitable or appropriate extent - "well underway", "well developed" - this indicates extent/degree. "Well tolerated" could mean tolerated to a good degree, but sense 1 seems more about the manner (satisfactorily).
 6. Favorably; with approval - "spoke well of" - not quite right for "tolerated".
 7. To a great extent or degree - considerably - "well over budget" - this is about magnitude.
 8. With great or intimate knowledge - "knew them well" - not applicable.
 9. With prudence or propriety - not applicable.
 10. With skill or in a pleasing manner - "dances well" - manner of action, but "tolerated" is passive.
 11. In a manner affording benefit or advantage - "married well" - not quite.
 12. In financial comfort - not applicable.
 13. Without unusual distress or resentment - "took the joke well" - this is about receiving something, similar to "tolerated", but "took the joke well" means handled it with good humor, while "well tolerated" in medical context means caused few side effects/was acceptable.

 Actually, looking closely at sense 13: "without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor" - "took the joke well". This is somewhat similar to "tolerated" (which means endure, put up with). But "well tolerated" in the medical context means that the drug was tolerated in a satisfactory way (didn't cause much vomiting or side effects).

 Let me reconsider sense 1 vs sense 2 vs sense 5.

 Sense 1: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard"
 - "well tolerated" = tolerated in a satisfactory manner. This fits perfectly. The drug was tolerated satisfactorily.

 Sense 2: "thoroughly or completely; fully"
 - "well understood" = thoroughly understood. "Well tolerated" could mean thoroughly tolerated, but that's not the primary meaning. The primary meaning is that the tolerance was of good quality (few adverse effects).

 Sense 5: "to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree"
 - "well developed" = developed to a suitable extent. "Well tolerated" could mean tolerated to a suitable degree, but again, the medical phrase "well tolerated" specifically refers to the quality of tolerance being good.

 In medical/pharmacological contexts, "well tolerated" is a standard phrase meaning "accepted or endured without significant adverse effects" - i.e., in a satisfactory manner. This aligns with sense 1.

 The example "a task well done" parallels "well tolerated" structurally and semantically (both are passive/adjectival participles modified by "well" meaning "satisfactorily").

 Therefore, sense 1 (well%4:02:00::) is the best choice.

 Wait, I should check if there's a specific sense for "well" when used with past participles like "tolerated". In WordNet, "well" as an adverb (4:02) has various senses.

 Sense 1 is the general "in a good manner" sense.
 Sense 2 is "thoroughly" (well-known, well understood).
 Sense 5 is "to a suitable extent" (well underway).

 "Well tolerated" is most commonly interpreted as "tolerated in a satisfactory manner" (sense 1) rather than "thoroughly tolerated" (sense 2) or "tolerated to a suitable extent" (sense 5).

 Also, looking at the synonym "good" for sense 1: "The children behaved well" = behaved good (nonstandard). "Cerenia was well tolerated" = was tolerated good (nonstandard but illustrates the meaning).

 Actually, looking at the definition of sense 1 again: "(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard". The "combining form" part might refer to "well-behaved", "well-done", etc. But "well tolerated" is similar.

 I think sense 1 is correct.

 But let me double-check sense 13: "without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor". The example is "took the joke well". This is about receiving/processing something. "Tolerated" is similar - receiving/enduring the drug. However, "took the joke well" focuses on the emotional reaction (good humor), while "well tolerated" focuses on the absence of adverse physical effects (satisfactory medical outcome). Sense 1 is broader and covers "satisfactory manner" which fits the medical context better.

 Also, sense 1 has the synonym "good" and the example "a task well done" which is very close to "well tolerated" (both resultative adjectives).

 Final decision: sense 1 (index 1).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=well%4:02:00::
 2. sense_key=well%4:02:05::
 3. sense_key=well%4:02:03::
 ...

 So the index is the number at the beginning. I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me verify once more if any other sense could fit better.

 Sense 11: "in a manner affording benefit or advantage" - "married well". This is about advantageous outcomes. "Well tolerated" could be seen as advantageous, but sense 1 is more direct.

 Sense 6: "favorably; with approval" - "spoke well of". Not quite.

 Sense 1 is definitely the best fit.

 The JSON should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tolerate
Target surface form: tolerated
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well <t>tolerated</t> when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tolerate%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
2. sense_key=tolerate%2:41:01:: | definition=recognize and respect (rights and beliefs of others) | examples=We must tolerate the religions of others
3. sense_key=tolerate%2:39:00:: | definition=have a tolerance for a poison or strong drug or pathogen or environmental condition | examples=The patient does not tolerate the anti-inflammatory drugs we gave him
4. sense_key=tolerate%2:32:01:: | definition=allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting | synonyms=allow, permit | examples=We don't allow dogs here; Children are not permitted beyond this point

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "tolerated" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The text is about a veterinary medicine called Cerenia used to treat vomiting in dogs. The specific sentence is: "Cerenia was generally well <t>tolerated</t> when administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time..."

This is describing how the drug was received by the subjects (dogs). In medical/pharmaceutical contexts, when we say a drug is "well tolerated," we mean that the patients/subjects did not experience severe adverse effects, side effects, or toxicity. It means the body can handle the drug without bad reactions.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=tolerate%2:31:00:: | definition=put up with something or somebody unpleasant | synonyms=digest, endure, stick out, stomach, bear, stand | examples=I cannot bear his constant criticism; The new secretary had to endure a lot of unprofessional remarks
- This is about enduring something unpleasant psychologically or putting up with annoyances. Not the right sense for a drug being tolerated by a body.

2. sense_key=tolerate%2:41:01:: | definition=recognize and respect (rights and beliefs of others) | examples=We must tolerate the religions of others
- This is about social/religious tolerance. Not relevant here.

3. sense_key=tolerate%2:39:00:: | definition=have a tolerance for a poison or strong drug or pathogen or environmental condition | examples=The patient does not tolerate the anti-inflammatory drugs we gave him
- This matches perfectly! The example explicitly mentions "The patient does not tolerate the anti-inflammatory drugs we gave him" which is exactly the medical usage. The definition mentions "have a tolerance for a poison or strong drug" which fits the context of Cerenia being a drug administered to dogs.

4. sense_key=tolerate%2:32:01:: | definition=allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting | synonyms=allow, permit | examples=We don't allow dogs here; Children are not permitted beyond this point
- This is about permission or allowing something to happen. Not the right sense for drug tolerance.

Therefore, sense 3 is the correct choice. The context is clearly medical/pharmacological, discussing how the drug was handled by the biological system of the dogs (tolerance in the physiological sense).

The JSON output should be: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: administer
Target surface form: administered
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when <t>administered</t> daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00:: | definition=work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of | synonyms=administrate | examples=administer a program; she administers the funds
2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01:: | definition=perform (a church sacrament) ritually | examples=administer the last unction
3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00:: | definition=give or apply (medications) | synonyms=dispense
5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01:: | definition=direct the taking of | examples=administer an exam; administer an oath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "administered" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about a veterinary medicine called Cerenia
 - The specific sentence is: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when <t>administered</t> daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses..."
 - This is clearly about giving medication to animals (dogs specifically, based on the broader context)
 - The word is used in the context of giving/applying medicine

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00:: - "work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of" - This is about managing/administrating programs or funds, not giving medicine. Examples: "administer a program", "she administers the funds". Not a match.

 2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01:: - "perform (a church sacrament) ritually" - This is specifically about religious rituals like last rites. Not relevant to veterinary medicine.

 3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00:: - "administer or bestow, as in small portions" - Synonyms include distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense. Examples: "administer critical remarks to everyone present", "dole out some money". While "dispense" is related to medicine, this sense seems more about distributing portions (like money, remarks) rather than specifically giving medication.

 4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00:: - "give or apply (medications)" - Synonym: dispense. This is specifically about medications. The context is about giving Cerenia (a medicine) to dogs. This matches perfectly.

 5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01:: - "direct the taking of" - Examples: "administer an exam", "administer an oath". This is about conducting exams or giving oaths, not medicine.

 The context clearly involves giving medication to animals. Sense 4 is specifically defined as "give or apply (medications)" which fits exactly with "administered daily at dosages..." referring to the medicine Cerenia.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense_key=administer%2:29:00::, which corresponds to sense_index 4 in the list provided (1-indexed).

 Wait, let me check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00::
 2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01::
 3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00::
 4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00::
 5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01::

 So sense 4 is the one about medications.

 The output should be: {"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: daily
Target surface form: daily
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered <t>daily</t> at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=daily%4:02:00:: | definition=every day; without missing a day | examples=he stops by daily
2. sense_key=daily%4:02:01:: | definition=gradually and progressively | synonyms=day by day | examples=his health weakened day by day

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "daily" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered <t>daily</t> at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment)."

 This is describing how often the medicine (Cerenia) was administered - specifically "every day" or "on a daily basis."

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=daily%4:02:00:: | definition=every day; without missing a day | examples=he stops by daily
 2. sense_key=daily%4:02:01:: | definition=gradually and progressively | synonyms=day by day | examples=his health weakened day by day

 Analysis:
 - Sense 1 means "every day" or "each day" - this fits the medical context where the drug was administered every day (daily administration).
 - Sense 2 means "gradually and progressively" with synonyms "day by day" - this refers to a gradual progression over time, not the frequency of administration.

 In the context of drug administration, "administered daily" clearly means "administered every day" - referring to the frequency of dosing. This matches sense 1.

 The example for sense 1 "he stops by daily" also shows the frequency meaning.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1.

 The user wants the output as a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dosage
Target surface form: dosages
Context:
The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia? Cerenia was generally well tolerated when administered daily at <t>dosages</t> up to 5 times the recommended doses for an extended period of time (up to 3 times the recommended maximum duration of treatment). What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dosage%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dose
2. sense_key=dosage%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dose

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "dosages" in the given context. The target lemma is "dosage" and the surface form is "dosages".

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about a veterinary medicine called Cerenia
- It mentions "dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses"
- It's talking about administering the medicine to dogs
- The context involves medical treatment, specifically veterinary medicine

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=dosage%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time | synonyms=dose
   - This seems to refer to the amount/quantity of the active substance itself (chemical/physical quantity)

2. sense_key=dosage%1:06:00:: | definition=a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time | synonyms=dose
   - This seems to refer to the physical portion/administration of medicine (the actual pill/liquid amount given)

Looking at the specific context: "administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses"

The phrase "dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses" suggests we're talking about the quantity/amount of the active agent being administered. It's comparing the amount given to the recommended amount.

However, I need to look carefully at the WordNet distinctions. In WordNet:
- Sense 1 (1:23:00) is under noun.quantity (1:23) - "the quantity of an active agent..."
- Sense 2 (1:06:00) is under noun.artifact (1:06) - "a measured portion of medicine..."

Wait, let me reconsider. WordNet sense keys:
- dosage%1:23:00:: - This is in the "quantity" hierarchy (1:23)
- dosage%1:06:00:: - This is in the "artifact" hierarchy (1:06)

The context says "administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses". This is clearly referring to the quantity/amount of the medicine being given, not a physical artifact.

But wait, looking at the definitions again:
1. "the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time" - This emphasizes the quantity of the active agent.
2. "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time" - This emphasizes the portion of medicine.

In medical/pharmacological contexts, when we say "dosages up to 5 times the recommended dose", we are typically referring to the amount/quantity of the drug being administered.

However, I should check if there's a distinction between these two senses in WordNet. Usually, "dosage" in medical contexts can refer to both the regimen and the amount. But looking at these specific glosses:

Sense 1 focuses on "quantity of an active agent" - this is more about the pharmacological dose (mg, ml, etc.)
Sense 2 focuses on "measured portion of medicine" - this could be the physical administration unit (one pill, one spoonful)

In the context: "administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses"

The phrase "5 times the recommended doses" strongly suggests we're talking about the quantity/strength of the medication (how much active ingredient), not the physical portion. If it were about physical portions, it would be confusing to say "5 times the recommended doses" in terms of counting pills, though it could theoretically mean taking 5 pills instead of 1.

But "dosage" in the plural "dosages" combined with "up to 5 times the recommended doses" suggests varying levels of quantity/strength of the active agent.

Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet structure:
- dosage%1:23:00:: is a hyponym of "dose" (which is a quantity)
- dosage%1:06:00:: is also a hyponym of "dose" but in the artifact sense?

Wait, I should look at the actual WordNet hierarchy. Since I don't have direct access to browse WordNet right now, I need to infer from the glosses and the lexicographer files (1:23 vs 1:06).

1:23 = noun.quantity
1:06 = noun.artifact

So sense 1 is about quantity/measurement, sense 2 is about a physical thing (artifact).

In the sentence: "administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses"

This is clearly referring to the amount/quantity of medicine given (how many mg/kg or whatever), not a physical object. Therefore, sense 1 (quantity of active agent) seems more appropriate.

But let me double-check. Could sense 2 work? "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time" - if we interpret "dosages" as the portions given, then "dosages up to 5 times..." could mean portions that are 5 times larger.

Actually, looking at the examples and typical usage:
- "the dosage is 2 tablets twice a day" - this could be sense 2 (portions)
- "a high dosage of radiation" - this would be sense 1 (quantity of active agent/radiation)

In the context: "dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses"

The word "doses" appears in the same sentence. "Doses" is plural of "dose". In WordNet, "dose" has similar senses.

The phrase "5 times the recommended doses" strongly suggests a multiplicative factor on the quantity, which aligns better with sense 1 (quantity).

Also, the context mentions "administered daily" - this is about the regimen and amount given over time.

I think sense 1 is the correct choice: "the quantity of an active agent (substance or radiation) taken in or absorbed at any one time"

Wait, I should reconsider. The gloss for sense 2 says "a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time". This is very similar to sense 1 but emphasizes the "portion" aspect.

In pharmacology, "dosage" usually refers to the amount of drug administered per unit time or per administration. The distinction in WordNet seems to be:
- Sense 1: quantity of active agent (chemical amount)
- Sense 2: measured portion (the physical dose unit)

Given that the text mentions "5 times the recommended doses", and doses can refer to both, but the context is about veterinary medicine and safety/tolerance studies, they are likely referring to the amount of active ingredient (mg/kg) rather than the number of pills.

Therefore, sense 1 (dosage%1:23:00::) is the best fit.

But I want to make sure. Let me think about the phrase "dosages up to 5 times". If I say "high dosages", am I referring to quantity or portion? Usually high dosage means high quantity of active ingredient.

Also, the word "radiation" in sense 1's gloss suggests that sense 1 is for non-physical-drug things too (like radiation therapy), whereas sense 2 is specifically for medicine portions.

Since Cerenia is a medicine (active agent), and we're talking about the quantity given, sense 1 seems right.

Actually, looking at the synonyms: both have "dose" as a synonym.

Let me reconsider the WordNet structure. In WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
- dosage, dose (noun.quantity) - the quantity of an active agent...
- dosage, dose (noun.artifact) - a measured portion of medicine...

The context is clearly about the quantity administered, not the physical form. The phrase "up to 5 times the recommended" modifies the quantity aspect.

Therefore, the answer should be sense 1.

Wait, I need to be careful. The user asks for the "sense_index". Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dosage%1:23:00::
2. sense_key=dosage%1:06:00::

So sense_index would be 1 or 2.

I need to return {"sense_index": 1} or {"sense_index": 2}.

Given my analysis, it should be 1.

But let me reconsider once more. Is there any reason to choose 2?

The text says: "administered daily at dosages up to 5 times the recommended doses"

If "dosages" here refers to the administration events or the portions given, could it be sense 2?

But "5 times the recommended" strongly implies a scalar multiplication of the amount, which fits better with quantity (sense 1) than with portion (sense 2). A "portion" is more of a discrete unit, while "quantity" is a measurable amount that can be scaled.

Also, in medical contexts, when we talk about overdose or high dosages in toxicity studies, we refer to the amount of active ingredient per body weight (mg/kg), which is a quantity, not the number of pills.

Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

One final check: the word "dosages" is plural. Can "quantity" be plural? Yes, "dosages" can refer to different amounts or levels of dosing. Can "portion" be plural? Yes, but "portions up to 5 times..." sounds less natural than "quantities up to 5 times...".

Actually, both can work, but the key is "5 times the recommended doses". This is comparing magnitudes/quantities.

I'll go with sense 1.