[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
Still, Friday featured the same sort of verbal fireworks that have dominated the talks for the past week. U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the <t>world</t>'s major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
2. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
3. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds
4. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
5. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
6. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
7. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
8. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "world" in the given context.

Let me look at the target sentence: "With the future economic trajectory of the <t>world</t>'s major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies."

The phrase is "the world's major powers". This refers to the major countries/nations of the world.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. world%1:17:01:: - everything that exists anywhere (universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm). This is too broad/philosophical. Not right.
2. world%1:14:01:: - people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest (domain). Examples: "the Western world". This could be close - "the Western world" refers to a group of countries/civilization. But "the world's major powers" is referring to the planet/globe as a whole.
3. world%1:09:00:: - all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you (reality). "his world was shattered". Not right.
4. world%1:17:00:: - the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on (Earth, globe). Examples: "he sailed around the world". "the world's major powers" = the major powers of the planet Earth. This seems like a strong candidate.
5. world%1:14:02:: - people in general considered as a whole (populace, public). "he is a hero in the eyes of the public". Not quite right.
6. world%1:17:02:: - a part of the earth that can be considered separately. Examples: "the outdoor world; the world of insects". This is about specific domains/spheres. "the world of insects". But "the world's major powers" isn't a part of the earth considered separately.
7. world%1:09:01:: - the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife. Not right.
8. world%1:05:00:: - all of the living human inhabitants of the earth (human race, humanity, humankind). "all the world loves a lover". This refers to people collectively. But "world's major powers" refers to countries/nations on Earth, not specifically all living humans.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 2: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" with synonyms "domain" and example "the Western world".

In the phrase "the Western world", "world" means a particular sphere or domain of human activity/civilization. Similarly, "the industrial world" and "developing world" appear in the same paragraph. But the target is specifically "the world's major powers".

Actually, looking at the context again: "With the future economic trajectory of the <t>world</t>'s major powers at stake..."

"World's" here is possessive. The major powers of the world. This is referring to the planet Earth - the geopolitical entities on this planet.

Sense 4: "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on" - Earth, globe. Examples: "the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world".

When we say "the world's major powers", we mean the major powers of the planet. This maps well to sense 4.

But wait, let me look at sense 2 again. "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" - "the Western world". Is "the world" in "the world's major powers" more like "the Western world" or "the planet Earth"?

If I say "the world economy", that's usually sense 4 (global, pertaining to the planet). "World leaders" = leaders of the world (planet).

Actually, looking at WordNet sense distinctions can be tricky. Let me think about how WordNet distinguishes these.

Sense 4 (world%1:17:00::): Earth, globe. "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on". This is the physical planet.

Sense 2 (world%1:14:01::): "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest". Example: "the Western world". This is about a collective group of people/civilization.

In "the world's major powers", "world" is being used to mean the community of nations or the global sphere. But is that the planet itself or the people?

Compare: "He sailed around the world" (sense 4 - physical planet).
"The world watched in horror" (sense 8 or 5 - people).
"The Western world" (sense 2 - distinctive group).
"The world of fashion" (sense 6 - part/sector).

"World's major powers" - the major powers belonging to the world. This is the global community. But WordNet sense 2 is defined as "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" with example "the Western world".

However, "the world's major powers" is not specifically a distinctive group with shared interest in the way "the Western world" is. It's referring to all major powers across the entire globe.

Let me look at sense 8: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth" - "humankind". Example: "all the world loves a lover". This is everyone.

Actually, I think sense 4 is the best fit. "The world" as in the planet, and "major powers" are countries on this planet. The possessive "world's" = belonging to the planet Earth.

But let me double-check. In WSD tasks, "world" in phrases like "world leaders", "world affairs", "world peace" often maps to sense 4 (the planet) or sometimes sense 2 (the international community).

Wait, looking at the example for sense 2: "the Western world". And the definition says "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest". The synonym is "domain".

In the context: "the developing world", "the industrial world", "emerging economies". These are all distinctive groups. But the target is "the world's major powers", not "the industrial world".

"World's major powers" = the major powers of the world. Here "world" means the entire Earth/international community.

I think sense 4 is correct. The phrase is analogous to "around the world" (sense 4). "The world's major powers" = the major powers on Earth.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 2. Could "world" here mean the international community as a distinctive group? "The world" as in "the world of nations". But the definition says "people in general" and the example is "the Western world".

Sense 4 has example "he sailed around the world" - referring to the planet. "The world's major powers" refers to the planet's major powers.

I think the answer is sense 4 (index 4).

Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=world%1:17:01::
2. sense_key=world%1:14:01::
3. sense_key=world%1:09:00::
4. sense_key=world%1:17:00::
5. sense_key=world%1:14:02::
6. sense_key=world%1:17:02::
7. sense_key=world%1:09:01::
8. sense_key=world%1:05:00::

So index 4 corresponds to world%1:17:00:: (the 3rd planet from the sun).

Let me verify once more. Is there any chance it's sense 2? "the Western world" is a specific cultural/geopolitical sphere. "The world" in "world's major powers" is the entire globe. I think physical planet / global scope is sense 4.

Another way: if I replace "world" with "Earth" - "Earth's major powers" - makes perfect sense. If I replace with "Western world" - "Western world's major powers" - doesn't make sense because it's not a specific distinctive group. If I replace with "humankind" - "humankind's major powers" - awkward, powers belong to nations, not humankind directly. If I replace with "universe" - too broad.

So sense 4 is best.

Wait, I should also consider sense 6: "a part of the earth that can be considered separately". Example: "the outdoor world". No, "the world's major powers" is not a part.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 4}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: battle
Target surface form: battle
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current <t>battle</t> is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=battle%1:04:00:: | definition=a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war | synonyms=conflict, fight, engagement | examples=Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga; he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement
2. sense_key=battle%1:04:01:: | definition=an energetic attempt to achieve something | synonyms=struggle | examples=getting through the crowd was a real struggle; he fought a battle for recognition
3. sense_key=battle%1:04:02:: | definition=an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals); --Thomas Paine | synonyms=conflict, struggle | examples=the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph; police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "battle" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about climate negotiations between the US, China, and other countries.
- "The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations..."
- This describes a conflict/dispute between opposing groups (countries) over climate obligations and economic interests.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. battle%1:04:00:: - a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war
   - This is specifically about military warfare. The context is about diplomatic/economic conflict, not military. So this is not correct.

2. battle%1:04:01:: - an energetic attempt to achieve something
   - Synonyms: struggle
   - Examples: "getting through the crowd was a real struggle; he fought a battle for recognition"
   - This sense focuses on the effort/struggle to achieve something, often by an individual or entity against obstacles. While there is struggle here, the context emphasizes the clash between opposing groups (China vs US, developing vs industrialized).

3. battle%1:04:02:: - an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)
   - Synonyms: conflict, struggle
   - Examples: "the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph; police tried to control the battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs"
   - This fits perfectly. The context describes a clash between opposing groups (China and United States feuding, developing world vs industrial world). It's an open clash between opposing groups over obligations and economic interests.

The phrase "The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations" clearly indicates a clash between opposing groups/nations, not a military engagement (sense 1) nor merely an energetic attempt to achieve something (sense 2).

Therefore, sense 3 is the best fit.

Wait, let me double-check sense 2 vs sense 3.

Sense 2: "an energetic attempt to achieve something" - the focus is on the attempt/effort toward a goal.
Sense 3: "an open clash between two opposing groups" - the focus is on the conflict between opposing sides.

The context explicitly mentions "China and United States feuding", "fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies." This is clearly describing a clash between opposing groups. The word "feuding" reinforces the conflict aspect between opposing sides.

Also, the example for sense 3 mentions "battle between the pro- and anti-abortion mobs" which is structurally similar to the battle between China and the US, or between industrialized and emerging economies.

So sense 3 is definitely the correct choice.

The user wants only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 3}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: SiliconFlow

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: economy
Target surface form: economies
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual <t>economies</t> as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "economies" (surface form) with lemma "economy" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about climate negotiations between U.S., China, and other countries
 - Key phrase: "The current battle is as much about saving individual <t>economies</t> as saving the planet"
 - Context mentions: "economic trajectory of the world's major powers", "developing world", "emerging economies", "industrial world", "major powers"
 - The economies referred to are national economies - China, United States, poorer nations, etc.
 - The discussion is about saving individual national economic systems

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=economy%1:14:00:: | definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption | synonyms=economic system
    - This refers to the economic system of a country or region
    - "individual economies" here refers to individual countries' economic systems (China's economy, U.S. economy, etc.)
    - This fits the context of national economies and economic systems

 2. sense_key=economy%1:09:01:: | definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
    - This refers to efficiency, not the context here
    - Not about national economies

 3. sense_key=economy%1:07:00:: | definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | synonyms=thriftiness | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
    - This refers to being thrifty, saving money
    - Not the meaning here

 4. sense_key=economy%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | synonyms=saving | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day; there was a saving of 50 cents
    - This refers to a specific act of saving money or reducing costs
    - Not the meaning here

 Clearly, sense 1 is the correct one. The context is about national economies (economic systems) of countries like China, the United States, and developing nations. The phrase "saving individual economies" refers to saving the economic systems of individual countries.

 The sense key economy%1:14:00:: corresponds to "the system of production and distribution and consumption" which is the standard definition of a national economy or economic system.

 So the answer is sense_index: 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with <t>China</t> and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "china" (surface form "China") in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern and negotiations with China
- It mentions "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei"
- It mentions "the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China"
- It mentions "the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming"
- It mentions "China and United States feuding over their respective obligations"

This is clearly referring to the country China (People's Republic of China), not porcelain/dishware or Taiwan.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: - definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world (synonyms: People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay)
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: - high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: - a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek (synonyms: Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China)
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: - dishware made of high quality porcelain

The context clearly refers to the People's Republic of China (mainland China), not Taiwan (sense 3) and not porcelain (senses 2 and 4).

The text mentions:
- "Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei" - this refers to officials from the PRC
- "major developing countries" - China is considered a major developing country/emerging economy
- "major emerging economies" - refers to China
- "the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming" - diplomatic relations between US and PRC

This matches sense 1: the communist nation/mainland China/People's Republic of China.

Sense 3 refers to Taiwan (Republic of China), which is not what is being discussed here. The text contrasts "China" with "United States" as major powers, and mentions "Chinese vice foreign minister" which refers to PRC officials, not Taiwan.

Therefore, the correct sense index is 1.

The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and <t>United States</t> feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "united_states" in the given context. The target surface form is "United States".

Looking at the context:
The passage discusses U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern, the Obama administration, negotiations with China, and mentions "The United States is not going to do a deal..." and later "China and <t>United States</t> feuding over their respective obligations".

Let's look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA

This sense refers to the country itself - the geographical/political entity.

2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

This sense refers specifically to the government of the United States.

Now, looking at the context where the target appears: "with China and <t>United States</t> feuding over their respective obligations"

This is comparing China (a country) with the United States. The context is about two countries feuding over obligations in climate negotiations. While the negotiations involve governments, the usage here is referring to the countries as entities in international relations.

Also, earlier in the text: "The United States is not going to do a deal without..." - this could be ambiguous, but when it says "China and United States feuding", this is clearly referring to the two nations as geopolitical entities.

Sense 1 (united_states%1:15:00::) is the country/nation sense.
Sense 2 (united_states%1:14:00::) is the government sense.

In international relations contexts where we say "China and the United States", we are typically referring to the countries (the nations), not specifically distinguishing between the government and the country. The synset for sense 1 includes "United States of America, America, the States, US, USA" - these all refer to the country.

Sense 2 specifically refers to the government branches.

The phrase "China and United States feuding" treats them as parallel entities - China (the country) and the United States (the country). If it were referring specifically to governments, it might say "the Chinese and United States governments" or similar, but even then, in WordNet, the distinction is:

- 1:15:00:: is the country (location/place)
- 1:14:00:: is the government (group)

Actually, looking at WordNet categories:
- 1:15 refers to 'location' or 'geographical area' (or similar - actually in WordNet, 1:15 is noun.location)
- 1:14 refers to noun.group

Wait, let me check WordNet sense keys format:
The format is: lemma%lexical_part:lexicographer_file:lexicographer_file_number:sense_number

So:
- 1:15:00 = noun.location (or noun.location subcategory)
- 1:14:00 = noun.group

Actually, standard WordNet lexicographer file numbers:
- 1:15 is noun.location
- 1:14 is noun.group

Sense 1: "North American republic..." - this is the country as a geographical/political entity (location)
Sense 2: "the executive and legislative and judicial branches..." - this is the government as an organization (group)

In the context: "China and United States feuding" - this is clearly referring to the two countries as international actors. While the feuding is done by their governments/representatives, the metonymy resolves to the country sense (1:15:00) being the primary sense when referring to the United States in opposition to China in international relations.

Also, look at the synonyms:
Sense 1 synonyms: United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
Sense 2 synonyms: United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

In the text, "United States" is used to refer to the nation state, not specifically highlighting the government structure. The comparison is between China (a country) and the United States (a country).

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

Wait, looking at the instructions: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

This suggests I should return the index number of the sense. The candidates are numbered 1 and 2. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Double-checking: Could it be sense 2?
"The United States is not going to do a deal..." - this could be interpreted as the government (the Obama administration mentioned earlier). However, "China and United States feuding" strongly suggests the metonymic use where countries stand in for governments, but WordNet sense 1 is the standard sense for the country in diplomatic contexts.

In standard WSD for "United States" vs "United States government", when it's "the United States" acting as an agent in international affairs, it's usually sense 1 (the country). Sense 2 is specifically when referring to the governmental structure/branches.

Also, the definition of sense 2 mentions "the executive and legislative and judicial branches" - this is quite specific to the governmental apparatus. The text mentions "Obama administration" and "U.S. special climate envoy" (which are governmental), but the specific instance "China and United States" refers to the two nations.

Therefore, sense_index: 1 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obligation
Target surface form: obligations
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective <t>obligations</t> while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obligation%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=duty, responsibility | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
2. sense_key=obligation%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being obligated to do or pay something | examples=he is under an obligation to finish the job
3. sense_key=obligation%1:24:00:: | definition=a personal relation in which one is indebted for a service or favor | synonyms=indebtedness
4. sense_key=obligation%1:21:00:: | definition=a written promise to repay a debt | synonyms=debt instrument, certificate of indebtedness
5. sense_key=obligation%1:10:00:: | definition=a legal agreement specifying a payment or action and the penalty for failure to comply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "obligations" in the given context. I need to choose the best sense from the 5 candidate senses provided.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about climate change negotiations between the US, China, and other countries.
 - The specific sentence is: "The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective <t>obligations</t> while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action."
 - The context involves binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions, financial responsibilities, and who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases.
 - The word "obligations" here refers to what countries are required to do (cut emissions, pay for climate action) based on social, moral, or legal forces.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=obligation%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=duty, responsibility | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
    - This seems to fit well. It refers to social force binding one to action, synonyms include duty and responsibility. In the context, countries are feuding over their duties/responsibilities regarding climate action.

 2. sense_key=obligation%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being obligated to do or pay something | examples=he is under an obligation to finish the job
    - This refers to the state of being obligated. While related, the context seems to focus more on the duties/responsibilities themselves rather than the state of being obligated.

 3. sense_key=obligation%1:24:00:: | definition=a personal relation in which one is indebted for a service or favor | synonyms=indebtedness
    - This is about personal indebtedness, which doesn't fit the international relations context.

 4. sense_key=obligation%1:21:00:: | definition=a written promise to repay a debt | synonyms=debt instrument, certificate of indebtedness
    - This is a financial instrument, not applicable here.

 5. sense_key=obligation%1:10:00:: | definition=a legal agreement specifying a payment or action and the penalty for failure to comply
    - This is a specific legal agreement/document. While the context mentions binding cuts and legal language, the word "obligations" here refers to the duties/responsibilities, not the legal documents themselves.

 Comparing sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1: "the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force" - this captures the moral/social duty aspect.
 - Sense 2: "the state of being obligated to do or pay something" - this is more about the condition of being bound.

 In the context, "feuding over their respective obligations" means they are arguing about what duties/responsibilities each has. This aligns with sense 1 (duty, responsibility). The examples for sense 1 include "every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation" which fits the context of international climate negotiations where countries debate who has the responsibility to act.

 Also, looking at the broader context: "binding cuts", "who should bear the costs", "responsibility" - these all align with sense 1's synonyms (duty, responsibility).

 Therefore, sense 1 (index 1) is the best choice.

 Wait, I need to check the sense indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=obligation%1:04:00::
 2. sense_key=obligation%1:26:00::
 3. sense_key=obligation%1:24:00::
 4. sense_key=obligation%1:21:00::
 5. sense_key=obligation%1:10:00::

 So the index I should return is 1.

 Let me double-check:
 - The context is about countries having duties/responsibilities to cut emissions and pay for climate action.
 - Sense 1: duty, responsibility - matches perfectly.
 - Sense 2: state of being obligated - less precise.
 - Sense 3: personal indebtedness - wrong.
 - Sense 4: financial instrument - wrong.
 - Sense 5: legal agreement document - wrong.

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: nation
Target surface form: nations
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer <t>nations</t> insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=nation%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=nation%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=land, country | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
3. sense_key=nation%1:18:00:: | definition=United States prohibitionist who raided saloons and destroyed bottles of liquor with a hatchet (1846-1911) | synonyms=Carry Nation, Carry Amelia Moore Nation
4. sense_key=nation%1:14:02:: | definition=a federation of tribes (especially Native American tribes) | examples=the Shawnee nation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "nations" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The text is about international climate negotiations involving industrialized countries, emerging economies, developing countries, and poorer nations. The specific sentence containing the target word is: "With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer <t>nations</t> insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action."

 The word "nations" here refers to "poorer nations" in contrast to major powers like China and the United States. It refers to countries/political entities.

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=nation%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
 2. sense_key=nation%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=land, country | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
 3. sense_key=nation%1:18:00:: | definition=United States prohibitionist... (This is a proper noun referring to Carry Nation, clearly not relevant here)
 4. sense_key=nation%1:14:02:: | definition=a federation of tribes... (This refers to Native American tribes, not relevant in this international political context)

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

 Sense 1 refers to the political entity itself (the country/state/government).
 Sense 2 refers to the people/population of that country.

 In the context: "poorer nations insist that..."
 - Nations here are acting as actors in international diplomacy, insisting on things, having obligations, etc. This suggests the political entity meaning (sense 1).
 - Also, the phrase "poorer nations" parallels "industrialized countries," "emerging economies," "major powers," "developing countries" - all referring to geopolitical entities/states.
 - The examples for sense 1 include "African nations" which is very similar to "poorer nations" in the context of international relations.

 Sense 2 examples: "a statement that sums up the nation's mood" - here "nation" refers to the people/citizenry, not the government/political entity. "The news was announced to the nation" - again referring to the people.

 In the target sentence, "nations" are political actors negotiating and insisting on policy positions, which aligns better with sense 1 (politically organized body of people under a single government / country / state).

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user wants the sense index (1, 2, 3, or 4).

 Sense 1: nation%1:14:00:: - politically organized body...
 Sense 2: nation%1:14:01:: - the people who live...
 Sense 3: nation%1:18:00:: - Carry Nation
 Sense 4: nation%1:14:02:: - federation of tribes

 The correct choice is index 1.

 Final check:
 - Context: international climate negotiations, "poorer nations" vs "major powers", "developing countries"
 - Sense 1 fits: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" = countries/states
 - Sense 2 doesn't fit as well because it refers to the populace/people, not the government/entity acting in international affairs, though there's some overlap. But the parallel structure with "countries" and "economies" suggests the geopolitical entity meaning.
 - Sense 3 and 4 are clearly wrong.

 Answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: world
Target surface form: world
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the <t>world</t>'s two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm | examples=they study the evolution of the universe; the biggest tree in existence
2. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
3. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered; we live in different worlds
4. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world
5. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
6. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
7. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth | examples=they consider the church to be independent of the world
8. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "world" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 The sentence is: "With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies."

 The specific target is in: "the <t>world</t>'s two dozen most influential countries"

 Wait, looking at the context again:
 "With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the <t>world</t>'s two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action."

 So the phrase is "the world's two dozen most influential countries". This means "the world's" is functioning as a possessive modifying "two dozen most influential countries".

 Let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=world%1:17:01:: | definition=everything that exists anywhere | synonyms=universe, existence, creation, cosmos, macrocosm
    - This is the broadest sense - the entire universe/cosmos. "The universe's two dozen most influential countries" doesn't make sense here.

 2. sense_key=world%1:14:01:: | definition=people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest | synonyms=domain | examples=the Western world
    - This refers to a specific group/domain of people. "The Western world's two dozen most influential countries" could work, but here it's "the world's" referring to the whole world, not a specific domain like "the Western world".

 3. sense_key=world%1:09:00:: | definition=all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you | synonyms=reality | examples=his world was shattered
    - This is about individual perception/reality. Not applicable here.

 4. sense_key=world%1:17:00:: | definition=the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on | synonyms=Earth, globe | examples=he sailed around the world
    - This refers to Earth as a physical planet. "The Earth's two dozen most influential countries" - this could work, but let's check others.

 5. sense_key=world%1:14:02:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, public | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
    - This refers to people/populace in general. "The public's two dozen most influential countries" - this doesn't quite fit. The "public" doesn't possess countries.

 6. sense_key=world%1:17:02:: | definition=a part of the earth that can be considered separately | examples=the outdoor world; the world of insects
    - This is about specific domains/parts of Earth. "The outdoor world's two dozen most influential countries" - no, this doesn't fit.

 7. sense_key=world%1:09:01:: | definition=the concerns of this life as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife | synonyms=worldly concern, earthly concern, earth
    - This is about secular vs religious concerns. Not applicable.

 8. sense_key=world%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind | examples=all the world loves a lover
    - This refers to humanity/humankind. "Humanity's two dozen most influential countries" or "Humankind's two dozen most influential countries" - this could work, but it's a bit odd. Actually, "the world" referring to humanity usually means the people themselves, not necessarily possessive of countries.

 Wait, let me reconsider sense 4: "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on" - Earth/globe.

 In the phrase "the world's two dozen most influential countries", "world" is being used to mean the entire Earth/planet, and by extension the international community or all countries on Earth. This is a very common usage.

 But let me look at sense 5 again: "people in general considered as a whole" - populace, public.

 And sense 8: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth" - human race, humanity.

 Actually, looking at the examples for sense 8: "all the world loves a lover" - here "all the world" means everyone/everybody.

 But in "the world's major powers" or "the world's two dozen most influential countries", this is referring to the global community of nations - the countries of the world.

 Let me check if there's a sense that fits "the world" meaning "the Earth" or "the globe" in the sense of the planet.

 Sense 4: "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on" - synonyms: Earth, globe. Examples: "the Earth moves around the sun; he sailed around the world".

 In "he sailed around the world", "world" means the Earth/globe.

 In "the world's countries", this is possessive - the countries belonging to the Earth/world. This maps well to sense 4.

 However, let me also consider sense 1: "everything that exists anywhere" - universe. This is too broad.

 Sense 2: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" - domain. Examples: "the Western world". This is about a specific group, not the whole world.

 Actually, looking at the context: "the world's two dozen most influential countries" - this is referring to the entire world/global community.

 But wait, there's also the sense of "world" meaning "international community" or "the Earth considered as a planet with its inhabitants".

 Let me look at WordNet sense 4 again: world%1:17:00:: - "the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on"

 And sense 8: world%1:05:00:: - "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth"

 In "the world's countries", if we interpret "world" as "humanity" (sense 8), then it's "humanity's countries" - the countries of humankind. This makes sense.

 If we interpret "world" as "Earth" (sense 4), then it's "Earth's countries" - the countries of Earth. This also makes sense.

 But looking at the examples for sense 8: "all the world loves a lover" - here "all the world" = all people.

 For sense 4: "he sailed around the world" - here "world" = Earth/globe.

 Now, "the world's two dozen most influential countries" - which sense is better?

 Actually, looking at similar constructions:
 - "the world's population" - usually refers to the people on Earth (sense 8 or related)
 - "the world's resources" - usually refers to Earth's resources (sense 4)
 - "the world's governments" - could be either, but often refers to the governments of all countries on Earth

 But there's another sense that might be relevant. Let me check if there's a sense about "the international community" or "the whole world of human affairs".

 Looking at the list:
 - Sense 2: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest" - domain. Example: "the Western world". This is close but "the Western world" is a specific subset, whereas here we have "the world" meaning the whole world.

 Wait, sense 2 says "especially a distinctive group", but the definition says "people in general". The example "the Western world" shows a specific group.

 But "the world" without qualification usually means the whole world.

 Let me reconsider sense 5: "people in general considered as a whole" - populace, public. Examples: "he is a hero in the eyes of the public".

 This is about the general public, not necessarily the global community.

 Sense 8: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth" - human race, humanity.

 This seems like the strongest candidate for "the world" when referring to all people collectively.

 But in "the world's countries", we're talking about the countries belonging to the world. If "world" = humanity, then it's the countries of humanity. If "world" = Earth, then it's the countries of Earth.

 Actually, looking at the phrase "the world's major powers" earlier in the text: "With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake..."

 And later: "the world's two dozen most influential countries"

 These are parallel constructions. "Major powers" and "influential countries" are similar.

 In international relations contexts, "the world" often refers to the community of nations or the global sphere.

 But let's look at the WordNet senses more carefully.

 Sense 4 (world%1:17:00::): Earth, globe. This is the physical planet.
 Sense 8 (world%1:05:00::): human race, humanity, humankind. This is the people.

 In the phrase "saving the planet" earlier in the text: "The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet" - here "planet" is used explicitly for the physical Earth.

 Then "the world's two dozen most influential countries" - if the author wanted to refer to the planet, they might have used "planet" again, but they used "world".

 However, "world" and "planet" are often used interchangeably in environmental contexts.

 But let's look at the specific phrase: "the world's two dozen most influential countries". This is a partitive construction - selecting a subset (24 countries) from the whole (the world).

 If "world" = humanity (sense 8), then we're selecting from all humans.
 If "world" = Earth (sense 4), then we're selecting from the Earth.

 Actually, "countries" are geopolitical entities located on Earth. So "the world's countries" most naturally refers to the countries located on Earth or belonging to the Earth.

 But "the world" can also mean "the international community" or "the community of nations".

 Is there a WordNet sense for that?

 Looking at the list again:
 - Sense 2: domain, people with shared interest. Example: "the Western world". This could be extended to "the world" meaning the international community, but the definition emphasizes "distinctive group".

 - Sense 5: people in general considered as a whole (populace, public).

 - Sense 8: all of the living human inhabitants of the earth (humanity).

 I think the choice is between sense 4 (Earth) and sense 8 (humanity).

 Let me check the examples for sense 8 again: "all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women"

 "All the world" here means everyone/all people.

 In "the world's countries", if we substitute: "humanity's countries" vs "Earth's countries".

 Both work, but "Earth's countries" is more geographical, while "humanity's countries" is more anthropocentric.

 However, looking at the context: "the world's major powers", "the world's two dozen most influential countries" - in geopolitical contexts, "the world" often refers to the entire international system or the global community of nations.

 But WordNet doesn't seem to have a specific sense for "international community". The closest would be sense 8 (humanity) or sense 4 (Earth).

 Let me look at sense 1 again: "everything that exists anywhere" - universe. "The universe's two dozen most influential countries" - no, that's too broad.

 Sense 6: "a part of the earth that can be considered separately" - "the outdoor world", "the world of insects". This is about specific domains, not the whole world.

 Sense 7: concerns of this life vs afterlife. Not relevant.

 So it's between 4 and 8.

 Let me think about "developing world" and "industrial world" mentioned earlier in the text: "within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies".

 Here "developing world" and "industrial world" are using "world" in sense 2 (domain, distinctive group of people with shared interest) or sense 6 (part of the earth).

 Actually, "developing world" is a specific group of countries, so that would be sense 2 or 6.

 But the target is "the world's", not "the developing world".

 The target is in: "the <t>world</t>'s two dozen most influential countries"

 This is "the world" as a whole, not a specific subset like "developing world".

 So for "the world" meaning the whole Earth/global community:

 Sense 4: Earth, globe - the planet.
 Sense 8: human race, humanity - the people.

 Which is more appropriate?

 In the phrase "the world's countries", we are talking about countries, which are human political entities. So "humanity's countries" makes good sense.

 But "the world" is also commonly used to mean "the Earth" in possessive constructions: "the world's resources", "the world's oceans", "the world's tallest mountain".

 In fact, "the world's tallest mountain" refers to the mountain on Earth.

 So sense 4 seems very appropriate.

 However, let me check if there's any distinction in WordNet between these uses.

 Actually, looking at WordNet online or standard usage:
 - Sense 4 (world%1:17:00::) is the planet Earth.
 - Sense 8 (world%1:05:00::) is the human race.

 In "the world's two dozen most influential countries", we are referring to countries, which are inhabited by humans, but the possessive "world's" could be interpreted as either "of the planet" or "of humanity".

 But given that the text mentions "saving the planet" separately, and here it's about "countries" which are human constructs, sense 8 (humanity) might be slightly better.

 However, looking at the example for sense 4: "he sailed around the world" - this is the physical Earth.

 And for sense 8: "all the world loves a lover" - this is people.

 Now, "the world's countries" - if I say "the world today", I could mean the state of human affairs or the planet.

 But "the world's major powers" is a standard phrase in international relations, and it refers to the major powers in the world (the global system).

 Actually, I think I should look at whether "world" in this context refers to the physical planet or the human collective.

 The phrase is: "the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative..."

 This is saying that influential countries in the world are ignoring something.

 If we parse it as: [the world]'s [two dozen most influential countries] - the countries belonging to the world.

 Or: the [world's two dozen most influential countries] - the most influential countries in the world.

 This is similar to "the world's best coffee" - coffee in the world.

 In this construction, "world" is being used as a locative or inclusive term - encompassing everything.

 This is most like sense 1 (everything that exists), sense 4 (the planet), or sense 8 (all humans).

 Sense 1 is too broad (includes other planets, stars, etc.).

 Between sense 4 and 8:

 In "the world's best coffee", "world" means the Earth (the planet) - sense 4.
 In "the world's population", "world" could be sense 8 (humanity) or sense 4 (Earth).

 But "countries" are territorial, so they belong to the Earth.

 However, I recall that in WordNet, sense 8 is often used for "the world" meaning everyone/everybody, as in "the whole world knows".

 Let me reconsider sense 5: "people in general considered as a whole" - populace, public.

 Example: "he is a hero in the eyes of the public".

 "The public's two dozen most influential countries" - this doesn't work well. The public doesn't own countries.

 Sense 2: "people in general; especially a distinctive group" - domain.

 "The Western world's countries" - this works, but "the world's countries" without qualification usually means the whole world.

 Actually, looking at the definition of sense 2 again: "people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest"

 The "especially" suggests that while it can mean people in general, it's usually a distinctive group. But "the world" without qualification is the whole world, not a distinctive group.

 So sense 2 is probably not correct.

 Let me look at sense 4 and 8 again.

 Sense 4: world%1:17:00:: - noun.artifact? No, noun.object? Let me check the lexicographer file. 1:17 is "noun.object" - objects, planets, etc.

 Sense 8: world%1:05:00:: - 1:05 is "noun.group" - groups of people.

 Countries are groups of people, so "the world's countries" where world is a group of people (sense 8) makes sense.

 But Earth is not a group of people, it's a planet.

 However, we say "the world" to mean the planet.

 Let me search my knowledge for how WordNet distinguishes these.

 In WordNet:
 - "world" as Earth is sense 4.
 - "world" as human race is sense 8.

 Examples:
 - "the world will never know" - sense 8 (humanity).
 - "around the world" - sense 4 (Earth).
 - "the world's largest..." - usually sense 4 (Earth).

 But "the world's governments" could be sense 8.

 Actually, looking at the specific phrase "the world's two dozen most influential countries", this is selecting a subset of countries from all countries in the world.

 The "world" here is the totality of countries/territories.

 I think sense 4 (Earth) is the most appropriate because:
 1. It refers to the planet as a whole
 2. Countries are located on the planet
 3. "The world's countries" = the countries of the Earth

 However, sense 8 is also plausible.

 Let me see if there's a way to decide.

 Look at the earlier use: "the world's major powers" - same construction.

 And "the developing world" - this is sense 2 or 6 (a part/domain).

 "the industrial world" - sense 2 or 6.

 But "the world" alone is the whole thing.

 In the context: "the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific imperative..."

 The countries are being personified as ignoring something, but it's the leaders of those countries.

 If "world" = humanity, then "humanity's countries" - the countries belonging to humanity.
 If "world" = Earth, then "Earth's countries".

 Both work.

 But let's look at the synonyms:
 Sense 4: Earth, globe
 Sense 8: human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans, mankind

 If we substitute:
 "the Earth's two dozen most influential countries" - natural.
 "humanity's two dozen most influential countries" - also natural, but slightly different emphasis.

 However, "the world" when used to mean "humanity" usually appears in contexts like "the world mourns", "the world watched", etc. - referring to people watching or feeling.

 When used with geographical/political entities like "countries", "powers", "governments", it usually refers to the global scope - all countries on Earth.

 Therefore, sense 4 seems better.

 Wait, but let me check if there's any other clue.

 The text says: "saving the planet" - using "planet" explicitly for the physical Earth.
 Then "the world's two dozen most influential countries" - using "world".

 If "world" meant the planet here, the author might have used "planet" again for consistency, but they used "world".

 However, "world" and "planet" are often used interchangeably in environmental contexts.

 But "the world's countries" is such a standard phrase that I think sense 4 is correct.

 Actually, I want to double-check sense 5. Definition: "people in general considered as a whole". Synonyms: populace, public.

 "The public's countries" - doesn't make sense.

 Sense 8: "all of the living human inhabitants of the earth". This is humanity.

 "Humanity's countries" - makes sense.

 But in WordNet, sense 8 is specifically the human race as a group.

 Let me think about the phrase "all the world". In the example for sense 8: "all the world loves a lover". This means everyone.

 But "the world's countries" is not "all the world", it's possessive.

 I think I need to look at this differently. In WSD, we often look at the hypernym or the semantic class.

 The countries are part of the world (Earth).
 The countries are inhabited by the world (humanity).

 Both are valid.

 But looking at the candidate senses provided, and considering that "world" in "the Western world" is sense 2, and "the developing world" would likely be sense 2 or 6, but "the world" as a whole...

 Actually, I recall that in WordNet, "world" sense 4 (Earth) is the most common sense for "the world" when referring to the whole globe.

 Sense 8 is more for when we mean "everyone" or "people everywhere".

 For example:
 - "He traveled the world" - sense 4 (Earth).
 - "The world is watching" - sense 8 (people).
 - "The world's end" - could be sense 4 (end of Earth) or sense 1 (end of universe).

 In "the world's countries", it's similar to "he traveled the world" - it's about the geographical/political entities on Earth.

 Therefore, I choose sense 4.

 Wait, I should reconsider sense 1. "Everything that exists anywhere". Could "the world's countries" mean the countries of the universe? No, that's not the meaning here.

 Sense 6: "a part of the earth". "The world's countries" - if "world" means a part, then "the part's countries" doesn't make sense.

 So it's between 4 and 8.

 Let me look at the exact wording of the definitions again:

 4. the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on
 8. all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

 Now, "the world's two dozen most influential countries" - the countries are geographical/political entities. They are on the planet. They are inhabited by humans.

 But the phrase is parallel to "the world's major powers" earlier.

 In international relations, "the world" refers to the international system, which is composed of states/countries.

 This is closest to sense 4 (the planet and its political divisions) or sense 8 (the people organized into countries).

 But I think the key is that "countries" are territorial, so they belong to the Earth (sense 4).

 However, there's a subtle point. In "the world's population", WordNet might map this to sense 8, because population is people.

 In "the world's countries", countries are not people, they are territories/governments.

 So sense 4 is better.

 I'm going to go with sense 4.

 But let me reconsider one more time. Is there any chance it's sense 2?

 Sense 2: people in general; especially a distinctive group of people with some shared interest. Example: the Western world.

 If "the world" means "the international community" or "the community of nations", is that sense 2?

 The definition says "especially a distinctive group", which suggests that while it can mean people in general, the examples show specific groups like "the Western world".

 "The world" meaning everyone is not a distinctive group with some shared interest - it's just everyone.

 So sense 2 is unlikely.

 Therefore, sense 4 is the best choice.

 Final check: sense_index should be 4.

 The user wants: {"sense_index": 4}

 Wait, the senses are numbered 1-8 in the list. So sense 4 is world%1:17:00::.

 Yes.

 Actually, looking at the format, the user lists:
 1. sense_key=...
 2. sense_key=...
 etc.

 So I should return the index number: 4.

 But let me double-check if it could be sense 8.

 Sense 8 examples: "all the world loves a lover"

 If I say "the world's countries", can I substitute "all the world's countries"? Yes.
 Can I substitute "humanity's countries"? Yes.
 Can I substitute "Earth's countries"? Yes.

 But which is the intended meaning?

 In the context: "poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring..."

 The poorer nations are part of the world too. They are saying that the influential countries (which are part of the world) are ignoring something.

 If "world" = humanity, then the influential countries are part of humanity, and they are ignoring...
 If "world" = Earth, then the influential countries are on Earth, and they are ignoring...

 Both work.

 But "the world" when used to mean the collection of all nations/countries is often sense 4.

 For example, "the world community" - this would be sense 2 (domain) or sense 8?

 Actually, "world community" is not in the list, but it would be similar to sense 2.

 But here it's just "the world", not "the world community".

 I think I'm overthinking this. Sense 4 (Earth) is the standard sense for "the world" in phrases like "the world's largest...", "the world's best...", "the world's countries...".

 Sense 8 is for when "world" means "everyone" as in "the whole world knows".

 So I'll go with 4.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential <t>countries</t> are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "countries" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about climate negotiations between nations
 - It mentions "industrialized countries", "major emerging economies", "developing countries", "poorer nations", "the world's two dozen most influential countries"
 - The specific target sentence is: "poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential <t>countries</t> are ignoring the scientific imperative to take bolder action"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
    - This refers to the political entity/government aspect.

 2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
    - This refers to the physical territory/geography.

 3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
    - This refers to the populace/people.

 4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
    - This is the "countryside" sense - rural vs urban.

 5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country
    - This is a specific region/area sense.

 In the context: "the world's two dozen most influential countries"
 - This is referring to nations as political entities
 - It's talking about countries as actors in international relations (taking action, bearing costs)
 - The parallel structure with "poorer nations" suggests sense 1 (politically organized body of people under a single government)
 - The text discusses "industrialized countries", "developing countries", "major emerging economies" - these are all political entities/nation-states

 Looking at the examples for sense 1: "the state has elected a new president; African nations" - this fits with the political entity meaning.

 Sense 2 (territory) would be more about the land itself, like "he visited several European countries" (referring to the places/territories).

 Sense 3 (the people) would emphasize the population, like "the nation's mood".

 In this context, "countries" refers to the political entities/nation-states as actors in international climate negotiations. They are being described as "influential" and are expected to "take bolder action" - this is characteristic of sense 1 (politically organized body of people under a single government).

 The phrase "most influential countries" parallels "African nations" from the examples of sense 1.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=country%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=country%1:15:00::
 3. sense_key=country%1:14:01::
 4. sense_key=country%1:15:01::
 5. sense_key=country%1:15:02::

 So sense_index should be 1.

 But let me verify sense 1 vs sense 2 more carefully.

 Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - this is the political entity sense (nation-state)
 Sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation" - this is the geographic/land sense

 In the text: "industrialized countries", "developing countries", "major emerging economies", "poorer nations", "most influential countries"

 These are being contrasted as actors in negotiations. The US and China are "feuding over their respective obligations". This is clearly about nation-states as political entities, not about territories.

 Also, the phrase "the world's two dozen most influential countries" - influence here refers to political/economic influence of the nation-state.

 So yes, sense 1 is correct.

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - country%1:14:00:: = nation, state (political entity)
 - country%1:15:00:: = land, state (territory)

 The examples for sense 2 include "he visited several European countries" which could be ambiguous, but sense 1 examples "African nations" clearly align with the political entity.

 In the context, "countries" are entities that can "take action", "bear costs", have "obligations" - these are attributes of governments/political entities (sense 1), not just territories.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: imperative
Target surface form: imperative
Context:
U.S. special climate envoy Todd Stern rejected language requiring binding cuts of greenhouse-gas emissions for industrialized countries compared with voluntary ones by major emerging economies if they were not funded by the developed world. The move signaled that the Obama administration is taking a harder line with China than Bush administration officials did just two years ago. The United States is not going to do a deal without the major developing countries stepping up and taking action, said Stern, who also complained that the text did not do enough to make sure the cuts could be verified by outside observers. Stern made his comments an hour after Chinese vice foreign minister He Yafei said America's top climate negotiator was either lacking "common sense" or being "extremely irresponsible" for saying earlier in the week that the United States would not help China financially to cope with global warming. With the future economic trajectory of the world's major powers at stake, fault lines have erupted both within the developing world and between the industrial world and emerging economies. The current battle is as much about saving individual economies as saving the planet, with China and United States feuding over their respective obligations while poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific <t>imperative</t> to take bolder action. Ricardo Ulate, a Costa Rican delegate, said it's not surprising that the major powers are fighting over who should bear the costs for curbing greenhouse gases, even as vulnerable countries have become more aggressive in seeking to hold the big emitters accountable for their actions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=imperative%1:24:00:: | definition=a mood that expresses an intention to influence the listener's behavior | synonyms=imperative mood, jussive mood, imperative form
2. sense_key=imperative%1:04:00:: | definition=some duty that is essential and urgent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "imperative" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text discusses climate negotiations between the US and China, and other developing countries.
- The specific sentence containing "imperative" is: "poorer nations insist that the world's two dozen most influential countries are ignoring the scientific <t>imperative</t> to take bolder action."
- Here, "imperative" is used as a noun describing something scientific that requires bold action on climate change.
- It seems to mean something like "necessity," "requirement," or "urgent duty" - something essential and urgent.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=imperative%1:24:00:: | definition=a mood that expresses an intention to influence the listener's behavior | synonyms=imperative mood, jussive mood, imperative form
   - This is the grammatical sense (imperative mood in grammar).
   - The context is not about grammar or linguistic moods.
   - Doesn't fit.

2. sense_key=imperative%1:04:00:: | definition=some duty that is essential and urgent
   - This refers to a duty, necessity, or urgent requirement.
   - Fits perfectly with "scientific imperative" - meaning a scientifically-based urgent necessity/requirement to take action.
   - Synonyms would include necessity, requirement, urgent duty.
   - The context is about obligations and urgent actions needed to address climate change.

The word "imperative" here clearly refers to sense 2 - an essential and urgent duty or necessity (specifically a scientific one requiring bold action).

Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user provided:
1. sense_key=imperative%1:24:00:: ...
2. sense_key=imperative%1:04:00:: ...

So index 1 is the grammatical mood, index 2 is the duty/necessity sense.

The context clearly refers to the second sense.

JSON output should be: {"sense_index": 2}