[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: enter
Target surface form: entered
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have <t>entered</t> the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=enter%2:38:00:: | definition=to come or go into | synonyms=come in, get into, get in, go into, go in, move into | examples=the boat entered an area of shallow marshes
2. sense_key=enter%2:33:00:: | definition=become a participant; be involved in | synonyms=participate | examples=enter a race; enter an agreement
3. sense_key=enter%2:41:06:: | definition=register formally as a participant or member | synonyms=enroll, inscribe, enrol, recruit | examples=The party recruited many new members
4. sense_key=enter%2:42:00:: | definition=be or play a part of or in | synonyms=figure | examples=Elections figure prominently in every government program; How do the elections figure in the current pattern of internal politics?
5. sense_key=enter%2:32:04:: | definition=make a record of; set down in permanent form | synonyms=record, put down
6. sense_key=enter%2:36:00:: | definition=come on stage
7. sense_key=enter%2:41:00:: | definition=take on duties or office | synonyms=accede | examples=accede to the throne
8. sense_key=enter%2:35:03:: | definition=put or introduce into something | synonyms=insert, infix, introduce | examples=insert a picture into the text
9. sense_key=enter%2:30:10:: | definition=set out on (an enterprise or subject of study) | synonyms=embark | examples=she embarked upon a new career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "entered" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bellringers in England
 - It mentions that women have "entered" the once male-dominated field
 - More than a third of ringers today are women
 - The field was previously male-dominated

 Now let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. enter%2:38:00:: - to come or go into (physical movement into a space)
    - Examples: "the boat entered an area of shallow marshes"
    - This is about physical entry into a location

 2. enter%2:33:00:: - become a participant; be involved in
    - Synonyms: participate
    - Examples: enter a race; enter an agreement
    - This suggests joining or participating in an activity/field

 3. enter%2:41:06:: - register formally as a participant or member
    - Synonyms: enroll, inscribe, enrol, recruit
    - Examples: The party recruited many new members
    - This is about formal registration/enrollment

 4. enter%2:42:00:: - be or play a part of or in
    - Synonyms: figure
    - This is about being a component of something

 5. enter%2:32:04:: - make a record of; set down in permanent form
    - Synonyms: record, put down
    - This is about recording information

 6. enter%2:36:00:: - come on stage
    - This is theatrical

 7. enter%2:41:00:: - take on duties or office
    - Synonyms: accede
    - Examples: accede to the throne
    - This is about assuming a position of authority

 8. enter%2:35:03:: - put or introduce into something
    - Synonyms: insert, infix, introduce
    - This is about physically putting something into something else

 9. enter%2:30:10:: - set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)
    - Synonyms: embark
    - Examples: she embarked upon a new career

 Now, looking at the context: "a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field"

 The key elements:
 - Women are joining the field of bellringing
 - It was previously male-dominated
 - They are becoming participants in this field/activity

 Comparing sense 2 and sense 3:
 - Sense 2: "become a participant; be involved in" - this fits well with entering a field/profession/activity
 - Sense 3: "register formally as a participant or member" - this implies formal enrollment/registration, which might be too specific

 Comparing with sense 9: "set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)" - this could work for a career, but "field" here refers to the domain of bellringing, not necessarily a subject of study or enterprise in the sense of a business venture.

 Sense 2 seems best: "become a participant; be involved in" - women have become participants in the field of bellringing.

 However, let me reconsider sense 3. Is there formal registration involved? The text mentions "trained bellringers" and "attract and train ringers", but the specific sentence about women entering the field seems to be about joining/participating in the field generally, not specifically about formal registration.

 Sense 2 examples: "enter a race; enter an agreement" - these are about participating or becoming involved.

 Actually, looking at WordNet sense 2:33:00 - this is typically used for entering competitions, agreements, etc. But entering a "field" (as in profession/domain) is often sense 2 or sense 9.

 Wait, let me look more carefully at the sense keys. The format is enter%2:XX:YY:: where XX is the lexicographer file number (roughly semantic category).

 Sense 2:33:00 - this is in file 33 (competition?) or social activities?
 Actually, looking at WordNet:
 - 2:33 usually relates to social activities/competition
 - 2:41 relates to social actions/states (employment, membership)

 Sense 2:41:06 is "register formally as a participant or member" - this is about membership.

 But "enter a field" is an idiom meaning to begin to work in or participate in a particular profession or activity.

 Looking at the examples for sense 2: "enter a race; enter an agreement" - these are about participating in specific events or arrangements.

 For sense 9: "set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)" - example: "she embarked upon a new career"

 "Enter a field" is very similar to "embark upon a new career". However, sense 9 specifically mentions "enterprise or subject of study".

 But sense 2: "become a participant; be involved in" - if we consider bellringing as an activity, then women have become participants in it.

 Let me check if there's a sense about entering a profession...

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet for "enter":
 - Sense 1: go into (physical)
 - Sense 2: enter a particular state/condition (not listed here)
 - Sense related to joining/entering a profession is often sense 4 in some versions, or similar to "enter the army" (enlist).

 Wait, looking at the provided senses:
 Sense 2:33:00 - become a participant; be involved in
 Sense 3: enter%2:41:06:: - register formally as a participant or member

 In the context: "women have entered the once male-dominated field"

 "Field" here means a domain of activity or profession.

 Sense 2 seems most appropriate: "become a participant; be involved in". The women are becoming participants in the field of bellringing.

 Sense 3 would imply they formally registered as members, which might be true but is more specific than necessary.

 Sense 9 "set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)" - while "field" can be a subject of study, here it's a profession/activity (bellringing).

 Between sense 2 and sense 9, sense 2 is better because:
 1. The gloss "become a participant; be involved in" matches "entering a field" (joining/participating in that domain)
 2. The example "enter a race" shows participation in an activity, similar to entering the field of bellringing
 3. Sense 9 focuses on "enterprise or subject of study" which is narrower

 However, I should verify if "enter" in the sense of entering a profession is mapped to sense 2 or another sense in this specific WordNet version.

 Looking at the sense keys:
 - enter%2:33:00:: - this is likely the "participate" sense
 - enter%2:41:06:: - this is the "enroll/register" sense

 In many WSD datasets, "enter the field" or "enter a profession" is often mapped to the "participate" sense or the "embark" sense.

 But given the specific glosses here:
 Sense 2: "become a participant; be involved in" - this is the most general sense of joining/participating in an activity or domain.

 The context emphasizes that women are now participating in bellringing, which was previously male-dominated. They are becoming participants in this field.

 Therefore, sense 2 (index 2) appears to be the best choice.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=enter%2:38:00::
 2. sense_key=enter%2:33:00::
 3. sense_key=enter%2:41:06::
 etc.

 So if I choose sense 2:33:00, that would be index 2.

 But let me double-check sense 3 (enter%2:41:06::). Could "enter the field" mean "register formally as a member"?

 The text mentions: "the council's program to attract and train ringers" - so there is training and presumably formal registration. However, the sentence specifically says women have "entered the once male-dominated field" - this is about joining the field/profession, not specifically about the registration process.

 Also, sense 3's examples include "The party recruited many new members" which is about recruitment/registration.

 Sense 2's examples: "enter a race; enter an agreement" - about participating.

 "Enter a field" is closer to participating in a domain than formally registering for a specific membership, though both are close.

 Actually, looking at WordNet 3.1 or similar:
 - enter.v.02: become a participant; be involved in (e.g., enter a race)
 - enter.v.03: register formally as a participant or member (e.g., enter a drug treatment program, enter a university)

 "Enter a field" (profession) is typically enter.v.02 or similar to it.

 But there's also:
 - enter.v.04: be or play a part of or in (e.g., Elections figure prominently...)
 - enter.v.09: set out on (an enterprise or subject of study) (e.g., embark upon a new career)

 "Embark upon a new career" is very similar to "enter the field".

 However, in the provided list, sense 9 is: enter%2:30:10:: "set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)"

 Is bellringing an "enterprise or subject of study"? It's an activity/profession.

 But sense 2 "become a participant; be involved in" seems more direct. When women enter the field of bellringing, they are becoming participants in that field.

 Let me reconsider sense 1. Could it be literal? "entered the once male-dominated field" - if "field" is interpreted literally as a physical field? No, "field" here clearly means domain/profession, as indicated by "male-dominated" and the context about bellringing as an activity.

 So it's between sense 2 and sense 9.

 Sense 2 examples: "enter a race" - you participate in a race.
 Sense 9 examples: "embark upon a new career" - you start a career.

 "Enter the field" is an idiom meaning to begin to work in a particular profession. This aligns well with sense 9 "set out on (an enterprise or subject of study)".

 However, "field" is not explicitly an enterprise or subject of study, though it can be considered an enterprise.

 But sense 2 "become a participant; be involved in" is also very fitting. When you enter a field, you become a participant in that field.

 Let me look at the synonyms:
 Sense 2: participate
 Sense 9: embark

 "Women have participated the once male-dominated field" - ungrammatical.
 "Women have embarked the once male-dominated field" - needs "upon" or "on".

 "Women have entered the field" - standard idiom.

 In WordNet, the sense "enter a profession" is often distinct from "enter a race".

 Actually, looking carefully at the provided sense 4: enter%2:42:00:: "be or play a part of or in" - synonyms: figure. This is about being part of something, not entering it.

 Sense 7: "take on duties or office" - this is about assuming a specific position, not entering a field.

 I think the choice is between 2 and 9.

 Given that the gloss for sense 9 specifically mentions "enterprise or subject of study", and bellringing is being discussed as a field of activity that one can join (like a hobby or profession), and sense 2 is about becoming a participant (which fits "field" as a domain of activity), I lean toward sense 2.

 But wait, looking at the actual WordNet sense numbering:
 In standard WordNet 3.0:
 - enter.v.01: to come or go into (sense 1 here)
 - enter.v.02: become a participant; be involved in (sense 2 here)
 - enter.v.03: register formally... (sense 3 here)
 - enter.v.04: be or play a part of... (sense 4 here)
 - enter.v.05: make a record of... (sense 5 here)
 - enter.v.06: come on stage (sense 6 here)
 - enter.v.07: take on duties or office (sense 7 here)
 - enter.v.08: put or introduce into something (sense 8 here)
 - enter.v.09: set out on... (sense 9 here)

 In standard WSD for "enter the field" (as in profession), it's often sense 2 (participate) or sometimes sense 9 (embark).

 However, looking at the example for sense 9: "she embarked upon a new career" - this is very close to entering a field.

 But the target is "entered the once male-dominated field".

 If I look at similar constructions:
 - "enter the workforce" - usually sense 2 or similar
 - "enter the profession" - usually sense 2 or similar
 - "enter politics" - sense 2 (become involved in)

 Actually, "enter politics" is a good parallel. You become a participant in politics.

 Similarly, "enter the field [of bellringing]" = become a participant in that field.

 Therefore, sense 2 (index 2) is the best choice.

 One final check: could it be sense 3 (register formally)? The text mentions training and recruitment, but the specific sentence emphasizes the gender aspect (male-dominated field) and the fact that they are now part of it (more than a third are women). The focus is on participation and involvement, not on the formal registration process.

 So I'll go with sense index 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the <t>once</t> male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "once" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the <t>once</t> male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."

The word "once" here modifies "male-dominated field", indicating that the field was previously or formerly male-dominated, but is now changing (with more women entering).

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
   - This refers to a single occurrence in time. Doesn't fit here because we're talking about a state that existed in the past (the field being male-dominated), not a single occasion.

2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
   - This is a temporal conjunction meaning "as soon as" or "when". Doesn't fit the syntactic structure here - "the as soon as male-dominated field" doesn't make sense.

3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing
   - This fits perfectly. "Once male-dominated" means "formerly male-dominated" or "previously male-dominated". The synonyms "formerly", "at one time", "erstwhile" all fit this context.

So the correct sense is index 3.

The user wants a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: field
Target surface form: field
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated <t>field</t>; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=field%1:15:00:: | definition=a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed | examples=he planted a field of wheat
2. sense_key=field%1:15:04:: | definition=a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought | synonyms=battlefield, battleground, field of battle, field of honor | examples=they made a tour of Civil War battlefields
3. sense_key=field%1:15:01:: | definition=somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected | examples=anthropologists do much of their work in the field
4. sense_key=field%1:09:00:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field of study, study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
5. sense_key=field%1:19:00:: | definition=the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it | synonyms=field of force, force field
6. sense_key=field%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular kind of commercial enterprise | synonyms=field of operation, line of business | examples=they are outstanding in their field
7. sense_key=field%1:26:00:: | definition=a particular environment or walk of life | synonyms=sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena | examples=his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment
8. sense_key=field%1:15:02:: | definition=a piece of land prepared for playing a game | synonyms=playing field, athletic field, playing area | examples=the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field
9. sense_key=field%1:17:00:: | definition=extensive tract of level open land | synonyms=plain, champaign | examples=they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain; he longed for the fields of his youth
10. sense_key=field%1:14:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a set of elements such that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative and multiplication is distributive over addition and there are two elements 0 and 1 | examples=the set of all rational numbers is a field
11. sense_key=field%1:15:03:: | definition=a region in which active military operations are in progress | synonyms=field of operations, theater, theater of operations, theatre, theatre of operations | examples=the army was in the field awaiting action; he served in the Vietnam theater for three years
12. sense_key=field%1:14:01:: | definition=all of the horses in a particular horse race
13. sense_key=field%1:14:02:: | definition=all the competitors in a particular contest or sporting event
14. sense_key=field%1:15:05:: | definition=a geographic region (land or sea) under which something valuable is found | examples=the diamond fields of South Africa
15. sense_key=field%1:14:03:: | definition=(computer science) a set of one or more adjacent characters comprising a unit of information
16. sense_key=field%1:09:01:: | definition=the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument) | synonyms=field of view
17. sense_key=field%1:06:00:: | definition=a place where planes take off and land | synonyms=airfield, landing field, flying field

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "field" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about bellringing (church bells).
- "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated <t>field</t>; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
- Here, "field" refers to the domain/area/activity of bellringing as an occupation or activity.
- It's talking about women entering a profession/activity/domain that was previously male-dominated.

Candidate senses analysis:
1. field%1:15:00:: - piece of land cleared of trees. Not relevant.
2. field%1:15:04:: - battlefield. Not relevant.
3. field%1:15:01:: - somewhere away from studio where practical work is done. Not quite right; this is about a physical location for research/work.
4. field%1:09:00:: - a branch of knowledge. Synonyms: discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field of study, study. This is close, but bellringing isn't exactly a "branch of knowledge" in the academic sense, though it could be metaphorical.
5. field%1:19:00:: - electromagnetic field. Not relevant.
6. field%1:04:00:: - a particular kind of commercial enterprise. Synonyms: field of operation, line of business. Examples: "they are outstanding in their field". This is close, but bellringing in this context isn't necessarily commercial.
7. field%1:26:00:: - a particular environment or walk of life. Synonyms: sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena. Examples: "his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment". This seems very fitting. "Walk of life" or "domain" fits well with entering a male-dominated activity/profession.
8. field%1:15:02:: - playing field. Not relevant.
9. field%1:17:00:: - plain, champaign. Physical land. Not relevant.
10. field%1:14:00:: - math field. Not relevant.
11. field%1:15:03:: - military operations. Not relevant.
12. field%1:14:01:: - horses in a race. Not relevant.
13. field%1:14:02:: - competitors. Not relevant.
14. field%1:15:05:: - geographic region with valuable minerals. Not relevant.
15. field%1:14:03:: - computer science field. Not relevant.
16. field%1:09:01:: - field of view. Not relevant.
17. field%1:06:00:: - airfield. Not relevant.

The best candidates are sense 4 (branch of knowledge/discipline) and sense 7 (environment/walk of life/domain/arena).

Let's look more carefully:
Sense 4: "a branch of knowledge" - synonyms include discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field of study, study. Example: "in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject". This is academic/intellectual.

Sense 7: "a particular environment or walk of life" - synonyms: sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena. Examples: "his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment". This fits "male-dominated field" very well. When we say "the field of bellringing" or "entering a field", meaning a domain/area of activity, this sense captures it better than the academic "branch of knowledge". Bellringing is an activity/practice, not primarily a branch of knowledge.

Also sense 6: "a particular kind of commercial enterprise" - synonyms: field of operation, line of business. This implies commerce/business. Bellringing as described here (church ringers) isn't commercial.

Therefore, sense 7 (field%1:26:00::) seems the best fit.

Wait, let me double-check WordNet sense numbering. The user provided:
7. sense_key=field%1:26:00:: | definition=a particular environment or walk of life | synonyms=sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena | examples=his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment

Yes, index 7.

But I should also consider sense 4 carefully. In many WSD datasets, "field" when referring to an area of human endeavor is often sense 4 or 7. Let me think about the distinction.
Sense 4 (field%1:09:00::) is under noun.cognition (1:09).
Sense 7 (field%1:26:00::) is under noun.state (1:26) - "a particular environment or walk of life".

The phrase "entered the once male-dominated field" - this is like "the medical field", "the field of politics". In WordNet, "field" in "the field of politics" might map to sense 4 or 7 depending on whether it's viewed as a discipline or a domain.

However, looking at the gloss for sense 7: "a particular environment or walk of life". The example "it was a closed area of employment" is very close to "male-dominated field" of bellringing. Also, "domain" and "arena" are good synonyms.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 6: "a particular kind of commercial enterprise". No, bellringing in churches isn't commercial.

What about sense 3: "somewhere (away from a studio or office...) where practical work is done". No, it's not a physical location here.

I think sense 7 is the strongest. The phrase "male-dominated field" referring to an activity/occupation maps well to "walk of life" or "environment".

Let me verify with the instruction: "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I need to return: {"sense_index": 7}

Wait, I want to be absolutely sure. Let me look at the examples again for sense 4: "in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject". This is clearly academic. Bellringing is not being discussed as an academic subject here.

Sense 7 examples: "his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment". "Closed area of employment" is very analogous to "male-dominated field" (of bellringing).

Also, in the context: "women have entered the once male-dominated field". This is about entering a social/occupational domain.

Yes, sense 7 is correct.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: third
Target surface form: third
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a <t>third</t> of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=third%1:23:00:: | definition=one of three equal parts of a divisible whole | synonyms=one-third, tierce | examples=it contains approximately a third of the minimum daily requirement
2. sense_key=third%1:04:00:: | definition=the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed near the third of the bases in the infield (counting counterclockwise from home plate) | synonyms=third base | examples=he is playing third
3. sense_key=third%1:24:00:: | definition=following the second position in an ordering or series | examples=a distant third; he answered the first question willingly, the second reluctantly, and the third with resentment
4. sense_key=third%1:10:00:: | definition=the musical interval between one note and another three notes away from it | examples=a simple harmony written in major thirds
5. sense_key=third%1:06:00:: | definition=the third from the lowest forward ratio gear in the gear box of a motor vehicle | synonyms=third gear | examples=you shouldn't try to start in third gear
6. sense_key=third%1:06:01:: | definition=the base that must be touched third by a base runner in baseball | synonyms=third base | examples=he was cut down on a close play at third

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "third" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "more than a third of the ringers today are women"
 - This is talking about a proportion/fraction of bellringers who are women
 - "more than a third" means more than 1/3 or approximately 33.3%

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. sense_key=third%1:23:00:: | definition=one of three equal parts of a divisible whole | synonyms=one-third, tierce | examples=it contains approximately a third of the minimum daily requirement
    - This matches perfectly. "a third of the ringers" means one-third of the total number of ringers.
    - The example "it contains approximately a third of the minimum daily requirement" shows similar usage with "a third of..."
    - Synonyms include "one-third" which is exactly what this means.

 2. sense_key=third%1:04:00:: | definition=the fielding position... (baseball)
    - Not relevant. Context is about bellringers, not baseball.

 3. sense_key=third%1:24:00:: | definition=following the second position in an ordering or series
    - This would be ordinal usage (1st, 2nd, 3rd), but here "third" is used as a fraction/proportion, not as an ordinal position in a sequence.
    - The example "a distant third" refers to ranking/position, not fraction.

 4. sense_key=third%1:10:00:: | definition=the musical interval...
    - Not relevant. No music context here.

 5. sense_key=third%1:06:00:: | definition=the third from the lowest forward ratio gear...
    - Not relevant. No vehicles/gears mentioned.

 6. sense_key=third%1:06:01:: | definition=the base that must be touched third...
    - Baseball again. Not relevant.

 The correct sense is clearly sense 1: "one of three equal parts of a divisible whole"

 The JSON output should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the <t>ringers</t> today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ringers" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about Mr. Baldwin dealing with a lack of "ringers"
 - It mentions "100,000 trained bellringers in England"
 - It mentions "only 40,000 of them still ring"
 - It mentions "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung"
 - It mentions "small, rural parishes and inner-city churches"
 - It mentions "attract and train ringers"
 - It mentions "keep one new ringer out of 10"
 - It mentions "women have entered the once male-dominated field"
 - It mentions "more than a third of the ringers today are women"

 Clearly, this is about people who ring bells, specifically church bells.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

 The context clearly matches sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)". The text mentions "bellringers", "bells", "churches", "parishes", and the activity of ringing bells.

 Sense 2 (dead ringer/clone) doesn't fit.
 Sense 3 (contestant under false pretenses) doesn't fit.
 Sense 4 (horseshoes) doesn't fit.

 So the answer should be sense index 1.

 Wait, I need to check the format. The user wants:
 {"sense_index": 3}

 But which index? The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02::
 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01::
 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00::
 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00::

 So the first one is index 1.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}

 Let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indexing correctly. The user presents them as:
 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02::
 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01::
 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00::
 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00::

 So the indices are 1, 2, 3, 4.

 The correct sense is the first one (bell ringer), so the index is 1.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys:
 - ringer%1:18:02:: is the church bell ringer sense
 - ringer%1:18:01:: is the dead ringer sense
 - ringer%1:18:00:: is the contestant sense
 - ringer%1:04:00:: is the horseshoe sense

 Yes, sense 1 is the correct one.

 The output should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers <t>today</t> are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "today" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bellringers in England
 - "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."
 - "more than a third of the ringers today are women"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
    - This refers to the current era/period in history
    - Example: "the world of today" means the modern world/current era

 2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?
    - This refers to the specific calendar day
    - Example: "Today is beautiful" refers to the weather on this specific day

 Now, looking at the usage in the text:
 - "of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today" - this seems to mean "currently" or "in the present time/era", not specifically "on this calendar day"
 - "more than a third of the ringers today are women" - again, this means "currently" or "in the present age", not specifically "on this day"

 The context is talking about the current state of bellringing, the present situation/era, not a specific calendar day. The word "today" here is being used to contrast with the past (e.g., "once male-dominated field"), indicating the present time or age.

 Sense 1 (the present time or age) fits better because:
 - It's talking about the current demographic situation of bellringers
 - It's contrasting with historical data (100,000 trained vs 40,000 still ringing - this is a current state, not just today's specific date)
 - "more than a third of the ringers today are women" - this is a general statement about the current era, not specifically about what is happening on this particular calendar day

 Sense 2 would be more appropriate if it were talking about something happening on this specific day, like "today's newspaper" or "today's weather."

 Therefore, sense 1 (today%1:28:00::) is the correct choice.

 Wait, let me double-check. In WordNet:
 - today%1:28:00:: is "the present time or age"
 - today%1:28:01:: is "the day that includes the present moment"

 In the sentence "more than a third of the ringers today are women", is this referring to:
 a) The present era/modern times (sense 1)
 b) This specific day (sense 2)

 Given the context about bellringing statistics and trends over time (mentioning "once male-dominated field"), this is clearly referring to the current state of affairs in the present time/era, not literally "on this day."

 Also, looking at the first occurrence: "of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today" - this means "currently existing" or "at present", not "on this calendar day."

 So sense 1 is correct.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user listed:
 1. sense_key=today%1:28:00::
 2. sense_key=today%1:28:01::

 So sense 1 is the first one, sense 2 is the second one.

 I should return {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are <t>women</t>. They are not accepted everywhere, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "women" (lemma: woman) in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about bellringers in England.
- It mentions that "a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field"
- "more than a third of the ringers today are women"
- "They are not accepted everywhere, however."

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
   - This is the general sense of an adult female human being.

2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
   - This is about a specific relationship to a man.

3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
   - This is specifically about a houseworker/cleaner.

4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation
   - This is a collective sense, referring to women as a group/class.

In the context: "a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."

Wait, I need to be careful here. The word is "women" (plural). Let me think about whether sense 1 or sense 4 is more appropriate.

Sense 1 (woman%1:18:00::) is defined as "an adult female person" - this is the individual sense. When used in plural "women", it can refer to multiple individual adult females.

Sense 4 (woman%1:14:00::) is defined as "women as a class" - this is a collective/collective noun sense. Examples: "woman is the glory of creation", "it's an insult to American womanhood".

In the sentence: "more than a third of the ringers today are women" - this is referring to individual female persons who are ringers. It's saying that among the ringers, more than a third are adult female persons. It's not talking about "women as a class" in an abstract or collective sense like "womanhood" or "the fair sex".

Also: "a growing number of women have entered..." - again, this refers to individual adult females entering the field.

Sense 1 is the general sense of adult female person. The plural "women" here is just the plural of sense 1.

Sense 4 would be used in contexts like "the place of woman in society" or "woman throughout history" - abstract, collective references to the class of women.

The context here is clearly talking about individual women (bellringers), not women as a class/gender abstraction.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Wait, let me double-check. The instruction says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I need to return {"sense_index": 1}.

But let me reconsider if there's any reason to choose sense 4. The phrase "women have entered the once male-dominated field" - could this be interpreted as "women as a class"? No, "a growing number of" suggests countable individuals. "More than a third of the ringers today are women" - this is clearly a set of individual people.

Sense 2 is about a specific man's partner - clearly wrong.
Sense 3 is about houseworkers - clearly wrong.

So it's between 1 and 4. Sense 1 is definitely correct because it's referring to individual adult females.

Actually, looking at WordNet structure, sense 1:18:00 is the hypernym for adult female. The plural "women" in this distributive context refers to multiple instances of sense 1.

Yes, I'm confident the answer is sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: accept
Target surface form: accepted
Context:
One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not <t>accepted</t> everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=accept%2:31:00:: | definition=consider or hold as true | examples=I cannot accept the dogma of this church; accept an argument
2. sense_key=accept%2:40:00:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=take, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
3. sense_key=accept%2:32:00:: | definition=give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to | synonyms=consent, go for | examples=I cannot accept your invitation; I go for this resolution
4. sense_key=accept%2:31:01:: | definition=react favorably to; consider right and proper | examples=People did not accept atonal music at that time; We accept the idea of universal health care
5. sense_key=accept%2:40:03:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=admit, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
6. sense_key=accept%2:40:01:: | definition=take on as one's own the expenses or debts of another person | synonyms=bear, take over, assume | examples=I'll accept the charges; She agreed to bear the responsibility
7. sense_key=accept%2:31:03:: | definition=tolerate or accommodate oneself to | synonyms=live with, swallow | examples=I shall have to accept these unpleasant working conditions; I swallowed the insult
8. sense_key=accept%2:42:00:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=take | examples=This surface will not take the dye
9. sense_key=accept%2:40:07:: | definition=receive (a report) officially, as from a committee
10. sense_key=accept%2:40:12:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=take | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
11. sense_key=accept%2:31:08:: | definition=be sexually responsive to, used of a female domesticated mammal | examples=The cow accepted the bull

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "accepted" in the given context.

 First, let's look at the context:
 - The passage is about bellringers in England.
 - It mentions that more than a third of ringers today are women.
 - Then it says: "They are not <t>accepted</t> everywhere, however."
 - The next sentence explains: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only..."

 So the meaning here is about women not being admitted or welcomed into certain groups (specifically the Ancient Society of College Youths). It's about inclusion/exclusion from a group or community.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=accept%2:31:00:: | definition=consider or hold as true
    - This is about believing something is true. Not fitting here.

 2. sense_key=accept%2:40:00:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered
    - This is about receiving objects or offers. Not quite right for group membership.

 3. sense_key=accept%2:32:00:: | definition=give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to
    - This is about agreeing to invitations or proposals. Not quite right.

 4. sense_key=accept%2:31:01:: | definition=react favorably to; consider right and proper
    - This is about approving of ideas or concepts. Not quite right.

 5. sense_key=accept%2:40:03:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=admit, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
    - This fits perfectly! The context is about women not being admitted/accepted into the bell-ringing group (Ancient Society of College Youths). The synonyms "admit", "take", "take on" and the example about admitting a new member align with the context of group membership.

 6. sense_key=accept%2:40:01:: | definition=take on as one's own the expenses or debts of another person
    - Financial context. Not relevant.

 7. sense_key=accept%2:31:03:: | definition=tolerate or accommodate oneself to
    - This is about putting up with something. While "not accepted" could mean not tolerated, the specific context about the male-only group suggests it's about admission/membership, not just tolerance.

 8. sense_key=accept%2:42:00:: | definition=be designed to hold or take
    - Physical capacity. Not relevant.

 9. sense_key=accept%2:40:07:: | definition=receive (a report) officially, as from a committee
    - Formal receipt of documents. Not relevant.

 10. sense_key=accept%2:40:12:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose
    - Utility purpose. Not relevant.

 11. sense_key=accept%2:31:08:: | definition=be sexually responsive to, used of a female domesticated mammal
    - Biological context. Not relevant.

 The best fit is sense 5: "admit into a group or community". The context clearly discusses women not being admitted/accepted into the Ancient Society of College Youths (a group/organization).

 The index requested should be the number in the list provided. Looking at the candidate senses, they are numbered 1 through 11. Sense 5 is the one with key accept%2:40:03::.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=...
 2. sense_key=...
 ...
 5. sense_key=accept%2:40:03:: ...

 So the index is 5.

 Let me double-check:
 - The sentence: "They are not accepted everywhere, however."
 - "They" refers to women bellringers.
 - The explanation: The Ancient Society remains male-only.
 - This is clearly about admitting people into a group/organization.

 Yes, sense 5 is correct.

 The output should be: {"sense_index": 5}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: however
Context:
One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, <t>however</t>. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "however" in the given context. I need to choose the best sense from the 4 candidate senses provided.

 Let me analyze the context:

 The sentence is: "They are not accepted everywhere, however."

 Context before: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women."
 Context after: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only..."

 So the structure is:
 - Positive development: more women are entering the field (more than a third are women)
 - Contrast/qualification: They are not accepted everywhere, however.
 - Evidence: The oldest group remains male-only.

 This looks like a contrastive use of "however" - introducing a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict what was said before.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed

 This sense typically follows a concession. The example shows "although... however" structure. This is often used when there's a concession or admission of a fact, but then a contrasting statement.

 2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours

 This is a straight contrastive use - introducing a contrasting idea. The example shows "X; Y, however, Z" structure.

 3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns

 This is the "to whatever extent" meaning, typically used with adjectives/adverbs (however general, however reluctantly). Not applicable here.

 4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

 This is the "in whatever manner" meaning. Not applicable here.

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

 Sense 1 (nevertheless/concessive): "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)"
 Sense 2 (contrastive): "by contrast; on the other hand"

 In the sentence "They are not accepted everywhere, however", the word "however" is placed at the end of the clause (postposed), which is common for the contrastive sense.

 But let's look more carefully at the distinction between these two senses in WordNet.

 Sense 1 examples:
 - "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it"
 - "while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed"

 These show "however" used as a conjunction-like adverb connecting two clauses where there's a concession.

 Sense 2 examples:
 - "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours"

 This shows a direct contrast between two situations.

 In our context:
 - Statement 1: "more than a third of the ringers today are women" (positive development)
 - Statement 2: "They are not accepted everywhere, however" (limitation/contrast)

 This looks like sense 2 - introducing a contrasting point. The word "however" here functions to contrast the general trend (more women entering) with the specific exception (not accepted everywhere).

 However, sense 1 could also fit because it's "despite anything to the contrary" - despite the fact that many women are entering, they are not accepted everywhere.

 Let me look at the specific WordNet definitions more carefully.

 Sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)"
 This is the "nevertheless" sense. It acknowledges a previous statement but asserts something contrary or qualifying.

 Sense 2: "by contrast; on the other hand"
 This is the "on the other hand" sense, used to present a contrasting idea.

 The key difference is often that sense 1 (nevertheless) responds to a concession or admits a point but argues against its full implications, while sense 2 simply contrasts two different facts.

 In this case:
 - Fact A: Growing number of women entering, more than a third are women
 - Fact B: They are not accepted everywhere

 These are contrasting facts. The second sentence doesn't concede the first and then argue against it; rather, it adds a contrasting limitation.

 But wait, the structure "They are not accepted everywhere, however" with "however" at the end is characteristic of the conjunctive adverb use.

 Actually, looking at typical usage:
 - Sense 1 (nevertheless): often used when there's an explicit or implicit "although" clause, or when acknowledging a point but asserting something else. "He was tired; he continued working, however."
 - Sense 2 (by contrast): used to compare two different things. "Some people like coffee; others, however, prefer tea."

 In our text:
 "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however."

 This is presenting two sides of the situation: progress (more women) but limitations (not accepted everywhere). This is a contrast between two coexisting realities.

 I think sense 2 is the best fit: "by contrast; on the other hand"

 But let me double-check by looking at the synonyms. Sense 1 has synonyms: nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so. These all suggest "in spite of that."

 Sense 2 is "by contrast; on the other hand."

 If I replace "however" with "nevertheless":
 "They are not accepted everywhere, nevertheless."
 This works, but "nevertheless" often implies "in spite of what was just said."

 If I replace with "on the other hand":
 "They are not accepted everywhere, on the other hand."
 This also works, and emphasizes the contrast.

 If I replace with "still":
 "They are not accepted everywhere, still."
 This is a bit awkward.

 If I replace with "yet":
 "They are not accepted everywhere, yet."
 This could work but changes the meaning slightly (suggests expectation).

 The context shows:
 1. Positive: women entering field, 1/3 are women
 2. Negative: not accepted everywhere, specifically at the oldest society

 This is a contrast between the general trend and specific exceptions.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys:
 - however%4:02:00:: is the first sense (nevertheless)
 - however%4:02:04:: is the fifth sense (by contrast)
 - however%4:02:02:: is the third sense (to whatever degree)
 - however%4:02:01:: is the second sense (in whatever way)

 The numbers after %4:02: indicate the lexicographer file and sense number.

 In many WSD datasets, "however" used to introduce a contrasting statement that qualifies a previous generalization is often tagged with the "nevertheless" sense (sense 1).

 But let's look at the specific example for sense 2: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours"

 This is exactly parallel to our structure: "General statement; specific contrasting statement, however."

 Our text: "more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however."

 This matches the pattern of sense 2.

 However, sense 1 examples include: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it" - this shows "however" in the second clause of a concessive structure.

 But in our case, there's no "although" clause. The first sentence is a positive statement, not a concession.

 Actually, looking carefully:
 "One bright sign is that..." - this introduces a positive development.
 Then "They are not accepted everywhere, however" - this contrasts with the "bright sign."

 This is clearly a contrastive use (sense 2), not a concessive use (sense 1).

 Wait, I should verify the distinction. In linguistics:
 - Concessive "however" (sense 1): indicates that the following statement is true despite what was said before. "He is rich; he is unhappy, however."
 - Contrastive "however" (sense 2): indicates a difference between two things. "Some people like apples; others, however, prefer oranges."

 In our case: "Women are entering the field [positive]; They are not accepted everywhere [negative], however."

 This is concessive in nature - despite the progress, there are still problems. So sense 1 might fit.

 But the example for sense 2 ("the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours") is also showing a contrast between two situations.

 The difference is subtle. Let me look at the synonyms again.

 Sense 1: nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so
 Sense 2: (no synonyms listed, just "by contrast; on the other hand")

 In the sentence "They are not accepted everywhere, however", if we substitute:
 - "They are not accepted everywhere, nevertheless" - This works. It means "in spite of the fact that more than a third are women, they are not accepted everywhere."
 - "They are not accepted everywhere, by contrast" - This works less well, because "by contrast" usually compares two different subjects or situations directly, not necessarily qualifying a general trend.

 Actually, "by contrast" works: "More than a third are women. By contrast, they are not accepted everywhere." Hmm, that doesn't sound right because the second statement isn't contrasting with the first in terms of different subjects - it's the same subject (women ringers).

 "More than a third are women. On the other hand, they are not accepted everywhere." This works. It presents the negative side of the situation.

 So both could work. But I need to choose the best one.

 Let me look at the positioning. "However" is at the end of the clause: "They are not accepted everywhere, however."

 Postposed "however" is very common with the "nevertheless" sense (sense 1). For example: "He said he would come. He didn't come, however."

 For the contrastive sense (sense 2), "however" is often medial: "The second, however, took hours." But it can also be at the beginning: "However, the second took hours." Or at the end? "The second took hours, however." - This is also possible.

 But the structure here is:
 Sentence 1: Statement of progress (women entering)
 Sentence 2: Qualification/limitation (not accepted everywhere), however.

 This is classic "nevertheless" usage. The "however" indicates that despite the progress mentioned, there is still a problem.

 Therefore, I think sense 1 (however%4:02:00::) is the correct choice.

 Wait, but I need to be careful. Let me check WordNet online or standard WSD practices.

 In standard WSD datasets like SemCor or Senseval, "however" is often disambiguated between these senses.

 Sense 1 (nevertheless): Used when the adverb connects two clauses where the second contradicts or qualifies the first in a concessive way.
 Sense 2 (on the other hand): Used when presenting an alternative or contrasting point.

 In this specific context, the text is saying:
 - Good news: more women entering
 - Bad news: not accepted everywhere

 This is a contrast between two facts about the same situation. It's presenting the other side of the coin.

 But the phrase "despite anything to the contrary" in sense 1 suggests that the "however" clause is true despite what was conceded in the previous clause.

 In our case, the previous clause is not a concession - it's a positive statement. The "however" introduces a limitation.

 Actually, looking at the definition of sense 1 again: "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)"

 The example: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it" - here "however" is in the main clause following a concessive subordinate clause.

 Our structure is different: two independent sentences.

 Example 2 for sense 1: "while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed" - this uses "nevertheless" but shows the pattern: concessive clause + main clause with adversative adverb.

 In our text: "more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however."

 There's no explicit "although" or "while", but the first sentence presents a positive fact, and the second presents a contrasting negative fact.

 I think this aligns better with sense 2: "by contrast; on the other hand"

 The example for sense 2: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours"

 This is exactly the same structure:
 - Clause 1: Subject 1 + property 1 (first part was easy)
 - Clause 2: Subject 2 + property 2, however (the second took hours)

 In our case:
 - Clause 1: Women are entering/one-third are women (positive)
 - Clause 2: They are not accepted everywhere, however (negative)

 The subjects are related (women ringers), but the properties contrast (presence vs. acceptance).

 Actually, looking at the example again: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours" - here it's contrasting two different parts.

 In our case, it's contrasting two different aspects of the same group.

 But both are contrastive.

 Let me reconsider sense 1. The key is "usually following a concession." Is the first sentence a concession? Not really. A concession would be "Although many women have entered..." or "It is true that many women have entered..."

 The first sentence is simply stating a positive fact: "One bright sign is that..."

 Then the "however" introduces a contrasting negative fact.

 This is the "on the other hand" usage (sense 2), not the "nevertheless" usage (sense 1).

 But I'm torn because "nevertheless" could also fit semantically: "Many women have entered; nevertheless, they are not accepted everywhere."

 However, looking at WordNet's organization, sense 1 is the most common sense (index 00), and sense 2 is less common (index 04).

 In many WSD systems, "however" used to contrast two independent statements is often sense 2.

 Let me check the actual WordNet definitions online mentally:

 Princeton WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
 - however, nevertheless, still, yet, all the same, even so, nonetheless, notwithstanding : despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)
 - however : by contrast; on the other hand
 - however : to whatever degree or extent
 - however : in whatever way or manner

 The distinction between the first two is subtle.

 In the sentence "They are not accepted everywhere, however", the word is functioning as a sentence adverb linking the current sentence to the previous one with a contrastive relationship.

 I think the safest choice is sense 2 (index 4:02:04::, which would be sense_index 2 in 1-based indexing or sense 4 in the key? Wait, the user asks for the "sense_index".

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=however%4:02:00::
 2. sense_key=however%4:02:04::
 3. sense_key=however%4:02:02::
 4. sense_key=however%4:02:01::

 The user wants me to return {"sense_index": N} where N is the index in the list (1, 2, 3, or 4).

 So:
 - Candidate 1 is sense 00 (nevertheless)
 - Candidate 2 is sense 04 (by contrast)
 - Candidate 3 is sense 02 (to whatever degree)
 - Candidate 4 is sense 01 (in whatever way)

 Note that the sense numbers in the keys are 00, 04, 02, 01, but the candidates are listed as 1, 2, 3, 4.

 So if I choose candidate 1, I return {"sense_index": 1}
 If I choose candidate 2, I return {"sense_index": 2}
 etc.

 Now, which one?

 Let me look at the specific context once more with fresh eyes.

 Context: "One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however."

 The word "however" here is equivalent to "though" or "but" at the end of the sentence. It indicates that the preceding statement (women are entering) is qualified by the following statement (not accepted everywhere).

 In formal writing, "however" at the end of a sentence often functions as "nevertheless."

 For example: "He was tired. He continued working, however." = He continued working nevertheless.

 Compare: "The first part was easy. The second part, however, was hard." = By contrast, the second part was hard.

 In our case: "They are not accepted everywhere, however."

 If we move it: "However, they are not accepted everywhere."

 This clearly contrasts with the previous positive statement.

 But is it "nevertheless" or "on the other hand"?

 "Nevertheless" implies that what follows is surprising given what preceded. Given that many women are entering, it is somewhat surprising that they are not accepted everywhere (or at least, it's a counterpoint).

 "On the other hand" simply presents the other side of the picture without necessarily implying surprise.

 Both fit.

 But looking at the WordNet example for sense 2: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours"

 This is exactly analogous to our sentence structure if we rearrange:
 "The first part was easy; the second took hours, however." - This is also valid.

 So sense 2 fits the pattern.

 But sense 1 example: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it" - here "however" is not at the end.

 Another sense 1 example might be: "He was afraid. He tried it, however."

 I think both senses allow post-position.

 However, looking at the semantics, the relationship is one of contrast between two coexisting facts (many women entering vs. not accepted everywhere), which is the definition of sense 2.

 Sense 1 usually involves a concession and a main clause that asserts something despite the concession.

 Here we have two coordinate facts presented in contrast.

 I will go with sense 2 (index 2).

 Wait, I want to double-check. In the SemCor corpus (WordNet sense-tagged corpus), how is "however" tagged in similar contexts?

 Without access to the corpus right now, I can reason that "however" meaning "nevertheless" is sense 1, and "however" meaning "on the other hand" is sense 2.

 The phrase "not accepted everywhere, however" following a positive statement is most naturally interpreted as "nevertheless, they are not accepted everywhere."

 But the definition of sense 1 says "usually following a concession." The previous sentence "more than a third of the ringers today are women" is not a concession; it's a positive assertion.

 Therefore, sense 1 is less likely.

 Sense 2 "by contrast" fits perfectly: By contrast with the growing numbers, they are not accepted everywhere.

 So my final answer is sense_index 2.

 But let me reconsider one more time. Could it be sense 1?

 Definition: "despite anything to the contrary"

 In context: "more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, despite anything to the contrary."

 Hmm, that doesn't parse well.

 "They are not accepted everywhere, nevertheless" - this works.

 "They are not accepted everywhere, by contrast" - this works too.

 I think the key is the example for sense 1: "while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed" - this shows that sense 1 is for adversative coordination where there's a conflict.

 The example for sense 2: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours" - this shows simple contrast.

 In our text, there's a conflict between the general trend (integration) and the specific fact (exclusion). This is adversative.

 But actually, looking carefully at the text, the "however" is qualifying the "bright sign." The bright sign is that women are entering. However (nevertheless), they are not accepted everywhere.

 This is definitely the "nevertheless" sense.

 I think I was overthinking it. The standard WSD for "however" in this context (contrasting a positive with a negative, indicating that the second statement is true despite the first) is sense 1.

 But I'm going to check one more thing. The position of "however" at the end of the sentence is very telling.

 In English, "however" can be:
 - Initial: However, they are not accepted everywhere.
 - Medial: They are, however, not accepted everywhere.
 - Final: They are not accepted everywhere, however.

 All positions allow both senses, but final position is very common with "nevertheless."

 For example, from COCA or BNC:
 - "It was raining. We went out, however." (nevertheless)
 - "Some liked it. Others, however, did not." (by contrast - medial)
 - "Some liked it. Others did not, however." (by contrast - final?)

 Actually, "Others did not, however" is also valid for the contrastive sense.

 But given the specific WordNet examples, sense 2 has "the second, however, took hours" (medial), while sense 1 doesn't specify position.

 I think I should go with sense 2 (index 2) because the relationship is one of contrast between two different aspects of the situation, not a concession followed by a counter-assertion.

 Final decision: sense_index 2

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell_ringing
Target surface form: bell-ringing
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest <t>bell-ringing</t> group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell_ringing%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of someone playing a set of bells
2. sense_key=bell_ringing%1:10:00:: | definition=persuasion of voters in a political campaign | synonyms=electioneering, canvassing
3. sense_key=bell_ringing%1:04:00:: | definition=playing a set of bells that are (usually) hung in a tower | synonyms=carillon, carillon playing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the target word "bell-ringing" (surface form) with lemma "bell_ringing".

 Context analysis:
 - The text discusses "ringers" (people who ring bells)
 - Mentions churches, parishes, cathedrals (St. Paul's Cathedral, Westminster Abbey)
 - Talks about the Ancient Society of College Youths being a bell-ringing group
 - References "The Ringing World" as a weekly newspaper for ringers
 - Discusses training ringers, keeping ringers, etc.
 - The specific target is "The oldest <t>bell-ringing</t> group in the country"

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. sense_key=bell_ringing%1:11:00:: - definition: "the sound of someone playing a set of bells" (this is the auditory phenomenon/event)
 2. sense_key=bell_ringing%1:10:00:: - definition: "persuasion of voters in a political campaign" (synonyms: electioneering, canvassing) - clearly wrong, political context absent
 3. sense_key=bell_ringing%1:04:00:: - definition: "playing a set of bells that are (usually) hung in a tower" (synonyms: carillon, carillon playing) - this refers to the activity/act of playing bells

 Now, looking at the specific context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country"

 Is "bell-ringing" here referring to:
 - The sound (sense 1:11:00 - noun.event or noun.phenomenon based on 1:11 POS tag)?
 - Or the activity (sense 1:04:00 - noun.act based on 1:04 POS tag)?

 WordNet sense keys:
 - 1:11:00 usually corresponds to nouns denoting events or phenomena (noun.event or noun.phenomenon)
 - 1:04:00 usually corresponds to nouns denoting acts or actions (noun.act)

 In the phrase "bell-ringing group", this refers to a group of people who engage in the activity of ringing bells. The group performs bell-ringing (the activity).

 However, I need to be careful. Let me check what these senses actually correspond to in WordNet.

 bell_ringing%1:04:00:: is "the playing of a set of bells" - this is the activity.
 bell_ringing%1:11:00:: is "the sound of a bell ringing" - this is the sound/event.

 In the context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country" - this is clearly referring to the activity/organization of people who ring bells. The Ancient Society of College Youths is a society of ringers - people who perform bell-ringing (the activity).

 Sense 3 (1:04:00) is "playing a set of bells that are (usually) hung in a tower" with synonyms carillon, carillon playing. This matches the context of church bells, towers, and the society of ringers.

 Sense 1 (1:11:00) is about the sound itself. While bell-ringing produces sound, the "group" is defined by the activity they perform, not the sound they produce.

 Also, looking at the broader context: "the council's program to attract and train ringers", "sole source of ringers", "newspaper for ringers" - this is clearly about the human activity of ringing bells.

 Therefore, sense 3 (1:04:00) is the correct choice.

 Wait, I should verify the POS tags. In WordNet:
 - 1:04:00 is noun.act (act, action)
 - 1:11:00 is noun.event (event) or noun.phenomenon

 Actually, in WordNet:
 - 1:04 usually refers to noun.acts or noun.activities
 - 1:11 usually refers to noun.events

 But "bell-ringing" as an activity performed by a group is best classified as the act (noun.act).

 The definition for sense 3 mentions "carillon, carillon playing" which fits perfectly with church bells in towers.

 So the answer should be sense_index: 3.

 Let me double-check sense 2 to make sure I'm not missing something. Sense 2 is about electioneering ("bell-ringing" as a figurative term for campaigning?). But the context is clearly about actual church bells, not political campaigns. So sense 2 is definitely wrong.

 Between sense 1 and sense 3:
 - Sense 1: the sound (auditory perception)
 - Sense 3: the activity (what ringers do)

 The text says "bell-ringing group" - a group dedicated to the activity of bell-ringing. This is sense 3.

 Also, the text mentions "the once male-dominated field" - referring to bell-ringing as a field/activity/profession/hobby.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing <t>group</t> in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "group" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about bell-ringers in Britain
 - It mentions "The oldest bell-ringing <t>group</t> in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths"
 - This refers to an organized body of people (the Ancient Society of College Youths)
 - It's a collective of people who ring bells
 - The context discusses membership (male-only), recruitment, and organization

 Candidate senses:
 1. group%1:03:00:: - any number of entities (members) considered as a unit (synonyms: grouping)
    - This is the general sense of a collection of people or things forming a unit
    - Fits "Ancient Society of College Youths" - an organized group of people

 2. group%1:27:00:: - (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together... (synonyms: radical, chemical group)
    - This is a chemistry term
    - Context is about bell-ringers, not chemistry
    - Clearly wrong

 3. group%1:09:00:: - a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse (synonyms: mathematical group)
    - This is a mathematical term (group theory)
    - Context is about bell-ringing societies, not mathematics
    - Clearly wrong

 The correct sense is clearly sense 1: "any number of entities (members) considered as a unit" - referring to the Ancient Society of College Youths as a collective body of people.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}