[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: planning
Target surface form: planning
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service <t>planning</t> but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=planning%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action | examples=the planning was more fun than the trip itself
2. sense_key=planning%1:04:02:: | definition=the act or process of drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise
3. sense_key=planning%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening | synonyms=preparation, provision | examples=his planning for retirement was hindered by several uncertainties

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "planning" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about a conference dealing with involving users in service planning and service provision.
 - The specific phrase is "involve users in service planning"
 - This is about involving service users (like clients, patients, beneficiaries) in the planning of services.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=planning%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action | examples=the planning was more fun than the trip itself
    - This seems to be about the general act of making plans.
    - The example suggests personal planning (like trip planning).

 2. sense_key=planning%1:04:02:: | definition=the act or process of drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise
    - This is about planning for projects or enterprises.
    - "Service planning" would fit here - drawing up plans for service delivery/organization.
    - This is the organizational/structural planning sense.

 3. sense_key=planning%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening | synonyms=preparation, provision | examples=his planning for retirement was hindered by several uncertainties
    - This is about individual cognitive preparation for future events.
    - The example is about retirement planning (personal financial/life planning).
    - Synonyms include "preparation" and "provision" in the sense of preparing for something.

 Context analysis:
 - "service planning" refers to the organizational activity of designing or structuring services.
 - It's about the process of drawing up plans for how services will be delivered/organized.
 - This is not about individual cognitive preparation (sense 3), though it is related to sense 1.
 - Sense 2 specifically mentions "drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise" which fits "service planning" perfectly - services are projects/enterprises of public welfare organizations.

 Comparing sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1: "an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action" - more general
 - Sense 2: "the act or process of drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise" - specifically mentions projects or enterprises

 "Service planning" is definitely about planning for a project/enterprise (the service delivery system), so sense 2 seems most appropriate.

 However, I need to be careful. Let me think about the WordNet hierarchy:
 - planning%1:04:00:: is usually the general sense
 - planning%1:04:02:: is often the architectural/urban planning sense or organizational planning?

 Actually, looking at WordNet:
 - planning%1:04:00:: is the general sense: "an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action"
 - planning%1:04:02:: is often: "the act or process of drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise" - this is often used for urban planning, architectural planning, but also organizational planning.

 In the context of "service planning" in the public welfare/social policy context, this refers to the organizational planning of services - designing how services will be structured and delivered.

 Sense 3 is clearly wrong because it's about individual cognitive processes (thinking about what you will do), not organizational activity.

 Between sense 1 and 2:
 - Sense 2 emphasizes "drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise"
 - Sense 1 emphasizes "formulating a program for a definite course of action"

 "Service planning" in this context involves drawing up plans for the service enterprise/project. The text mentions "public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations" - these are organizations planning services.

 Sense 2 seems to be the best fit.

 Wait, let me reconsider. In WordNet, sense 2 (planning%1:04:02::) is often the "planning" that is synonymous with "preparation" in an organizational context, but let me verify the exact distinctions.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
 - planning.n.01: an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action
 - planning.n.02: the act or process of drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise
 - planning.n.03: the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening (his planning for retirement...)

 In the context of "service planning" - this is the activity of designing services, which is "drawing up plans or layouts for some project or enterprise" (the service being the project/enterprise).

 Therefore, sense_index should be 2.

 But let me double-check: could it be sense 1?
 Sense 1 is the general sense. But sense 2 is more specific to projects/enterprises. Since services are projects/enterprises of the organizations mentioned (public authorities, etc.), sense 2 is more precise and appropriate.

 The answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involvement
Target surface form: involvement
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their <t>involvement</t> in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involvement%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of sharing in the activities of a group | synonyms=engagement, participation, involution | examples=the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities
2. sense_key=involvement%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection of inclusion or containment | examples=he escaped involvement in the accident; there was additional involvement of the liver and spleen
3. sense_key=involvement%1:09:00:: | definition=a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something | synonyms=interest | examples=an interest in music
4. sense_key=involvement%1:26:00:: | definition=a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship | synonyms=affair, affaire, intimacy, liaison, amour
5. sense_key=involvement%1:26:01:: | definition=the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) | synonyms=participation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "involvement" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence talks about "their involvement in service provision"
 - The context discusses users being involved in service planning and service provision
 - This is about participation/engagement in activities (service provision)
 - It mentions "attempts to involve users" and "their involvement in service provision"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=involvement%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of sharing in the activities of a group | synonyms=engagement, participation, involution | examples=the teacher tried to increase his students' engagement in class activities
 - This seems to fit well. The context is about users participating in service provision (an activity). The synonyms "engagement, participation" fit perfectly.

 2. sense_key=involvement%1:24:00:: | definition=a connection of inclusion or containment | examples=he escaped involvement in the accident; there was additional involvement of the liver and spleen
 - This seems to be about being part of or contained within something (often medical or accidental). The example suggests physical/medical involvement. The context here is about active participation, not containment or inclusion in a physical sense.

 3. sense_key=involvement%1:09:00:: | definition=a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something | synonyms=interest | examples=an interest in music
 - This is about interest/concern. The context is about actual participation in service provision, not just interest or curiosity.

 4. sense_key=involvement%1:26:00:: | definition=a usually secretive or illicit sexual relationship | synonyms=affair, affaire, intimacy, liaison, amour
 - This is clearly wrong for the context. No sexual relationship is mentioned.

 5. sense_key=involvement%1:26:01:: | definition=the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.) | synonyms=participation
 - This also involves participation, but sense 1 seems more specific to "activities of a group" while sense 5 is about "condition of sharing in common."

 Let me compare sense 1 and sense 5 more carefully:
 - Sense 1: "the act of sharing in the activities of a group" - focuses on the act of participating in activities
 - Sense 5: "the condition of sharing in common with others" - focuses on the state/condition of being a partner/sharing

 The context says "their involvement in service provision was found to be more common."
 - Service provision is an activity
 - Users are participating in this activity
 - Sense 1 mentions "activities of a group" and service provision could be seen as a group activity
 - The synonyms for sense 1 include "engagement, participation, involution"
 - The examples for sense 1 mention "engagement in class activities"

 Sense 5's definition is "the condition of sharing in common with others (as fellows or partners etc.)" with synonym "participation".

 However, looking at the WordNet structure, sense 1 (involvement%1:04:00::) is under noun.act (acts or actions), while sense 5 (involvement%1:26:00::) is under noun.state (states).

 In the context, "involvement in service provision" refers to the act of participating in the provision of services, not just the state of being a partner. The text mentions "attempts to involve users" which suggests an action/act of participation.

 Also, looking at the gloss for sense 1: "the act of sharing in the activities of a group" - this matches well with users participating in service provision activities.

 Sense 5 is more about the condition/state of being involved as a partner, but the context emphasizes the act of participating in service provision (an activity).

 Therefore, sense 1 seems the best fit.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys:
 - involvement%1:04:00:: - noun.act
 - involvement%1:24:00:: - noun.relation
 - involvement%1:09:00:: - noun.cognition
 - involvement%1:26:00:: - noun.state (illicit relationship)
 - involvement%1:26:01:: - noun.state (sharing in common)

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet, sense 1 (1:04) is the act sense, which fits best with "participation in activities".

 The context clearly indicates participation in an activity (service provision), so sense 1 is the best match.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DigitalOcean

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: service
Target surface form: service
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in <t>service</t> provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules | synonyms=religious service, divine service | examples=the Sunday service
4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another | examples=he retired after 30 years of service
6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces | synonyms=military service, armed service
7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958) | synonyms=Robert William Service
8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help | examples=of no avail; there's no help for it
9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware consisting of a complete set of articles (silver or dishware) for use at table | synonyms=table service
10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals | synonyms=servicing | examples=the bull was worth good money in servicing fees
11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant for the benefit of his lord which formed the consideration for the property granted to him
12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play | synonyms=serve | examples=his powerful serves won the game
13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons upon someone | synonyms=serving, service of process | examples=he accepted service of the subpoena
14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine | synonyms=overhaul, inspection and repair | examples=it was time for an overhaul on the tractor
15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant | examples=that restaurant has excellent service

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "service" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about a conference dealing with public welfare, social partners, voluntary organizations, and service users.
 - The specific sentence is: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in <t>service</t> provision was found to be more common."
 - The phrase is "service provision" - this refers to the provision of services (work done for others).

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=service%1:04:08:: | definition=work done by one person or group that benefits another | examples=budget separately for goods and services
    - This seems relevant. "Service provision" means providing work/services that benefit others.

 2. sense_key=service%1:04:00:: | definition=an act of help or assistance | examples=he did them a service
    - This is more about a specific act of help, not the general concept of service provision in an organizational context.

 3. sense_key=service%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of public worship following prescribed rules
    - Religious context, not relevant here.

 4. sense_key=service%1:14:05:: | definition=a company or agency that performs a public service; subject to government regulation
    - This refers to the organization itself, not the activity of service provision.

 5. sense_key=service%1:04:07:: | definition=employment in or work for another
    - This is about employment/service to an employer, not service provision to users/clients.

 6. sense_key=service%1:14:00:: | definition=a force that is a branch of the armed forces
    - Military context, not relevant.

 7. sense_key=service%1:18:00:: | definition=Canadian writer...
    - Proper noun, not relevant.

 8. sense_key=service%1:07:00:: | definition=a means of serving | synonyms=avail, help
    - Abstract concept of usefulness, not quite right.

 9. sense_key=service%1:06:00:: | definition=tableware...
    - Physical objects, not relevant.

 10. sense_key=service%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of mating by male animals
     - Biological context, not relevant.

 11. sense_key=service%1:04:09:: | definition=(law) the acts performed by an English feudal tenant...
     - Legal/historical context, not relevant.

 12. sense_key=service%1:04:02:: | definition=(sports) a stroke that puts the ball in play
     - Sports context, not relevant.

 13. sense_key=service%1:04:04:: | definition=the act of delivering a writ or summons...
     - Legal process, not relevant.

 14. sense_key=service%1:04:05:: | definition=periodic maintenance on a car or machine
     - Maintenance context, not relevant.

 15. sense_key=service%1:04:06:: | definition=the performance of duties by a waiter or servant
     - Hospitality context, not the general sense here.

 The context is about "service provision" in the context of public welfare, voluntary organizations, and service users. This is referring to the general concept of work done by organizations/people that benefits others (the users).

 Sense 1 (service%1:04:08::) "work done by one person or group that benefits another" fits best. The example "budget separately for goods and services" aligns with the economic/organizational context of the text. "Service provision" is a standard collocation referring to the provision of services (work that benefits others).

 Sense 4 is about the organization itself (a service = a company), but here "service" is paired with "provision" indicating the act of providing services, not the organization.

 Therefore, sense index 1 is the best choice.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=service%1:04:08::
 2. sense_key=service%1:04:00::
 ...

 So the index I should return is the number in the list (1-15), not the WordNet offset.

 The best sense is number 1: "work done by one person or group that benefits another"

 This matches "service provision" - the provision of work that benefits service users.

 Actually, looking at sense 15: "the performance of duties by a waiter or servant" - this is also about providing service, but it's specific to restaurants/hospitality. The context here is about public welfare, voluntary organizations, etc., which is broader than just waiters.

 Sense 1 is the general sense of service as work done for others.

 Sense 4: "a company or agency that performs a public service" - if the text said "a service" or "the service", this might work, but "service provision" clearly refers to the activity, not the organization.

 So yes, sense 1 is correct.

 The output should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: provision
Target surface form: provision
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service <t>provision</t> was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=provision%1:10:00:: | definition=a stipulated condition | synonyms=proviso | examples=he accepted subject to one provision
2. sense_key=provision%1:04:01:: | definition=the activity of supplying or providing something | synonyms=supply, supplying
3. sense_key=provision%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening | synonyms=planning, preparation | examples=his planning for retirement was hindered by several uncertainties
4. sense_key=provision%1:21:00:: | definition=a store or supply of something (especially of food or clothing or arms)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "provision" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses a conference about involving users in service planning and service provision
- "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service <t>provision</t> was found to be more common."
- This is contrasting "service planning" with "service provision"
- The context is about delivering or supplying services to users

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=provision%1:10:00:: - definition=a stipulated condition, synonyms=proviso, example=he accepted subject to one provision
   - This is about legal conditions or clauses in contracts/agreements. Doesn't fit the context of providing services.

2. sense_key=provision%1:04:01:: - definition=the activity of supplying or providing something, synonyms=supply, supplying
   - This fits well. "Service provision" means the activity of supplying or providing services. This matches the context where they contrast planning with the actual delivery/supplying of services.

3. sense_key=provision%1:09:00:: - definition=the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening, synonyms=planning, preparation
   - This is about planning/preparation. But the text explicitly contrasts "service planning" with "service provision", so provision here cannot mean planning. The text says "involvement in service planning... but their involvement in service provision..." showing these are distinct activities.

4. sense_key=provision%1:21:00:: - definition=a store or supply of something (especially of food or clothing or arms)
   - This is about a stock or store of physical goods. The context is about services (intangible), not physical supplies. Also, "provision" here is used as an activity (the act of providing), not as a noun referring to stored goods.

The best fit is sense 2: "the activity of supplying or providing something" - this matches "service provision" which is a common collocation referring to the delivery or supplying of services to users.

The context makes it clear that "provision" is being contrasted with "planning" - planning is the cognitive/process stage, while provision is the actual delivery/supplying stage.

Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: found
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was <t>found</t> to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "found" (lemma "find") in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was <t>found</t> to be more common."
 - This is a passive construction: "was found to be"
 - The meaning is that through investigation/study/survey, it was determined/discovered that user involvement in service provision is more common.
 - This is about establishing a fact or determining something through observation or study.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: - come upon by accident (happen, chance) - doesn't fit, this is intentional investigation
 2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: - discover/detect existence/presence/fact (detect, observe) - possible, but more about physical detection
 3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: - come upon after searching (regain) - doesn't fit, not about searching for lost items
 4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: - establish after calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (determine, ascertain) - This fits very well. The context mentions a conference, participants, debating issues, reporting cases - this is about establishing facts through investigation/study.
 5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: - come to believe on basis of emotion/intuition (feel) - doesn't fit, this is based on reported cases/study
 6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: - perceive/witness (see) - doesn't fit
 7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: - get something for specific purpose - doesn't fit
 8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: - make a discovery/new finding (discover) - possible, but more about scientific discoveries
 9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: - make a discovery - similar to above
 10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: - obtain through effort - doesn't fit
 11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: - decide/declare (rule) - legal context, doesn't fit
 12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: - receive treatment (abstract) - doesn't fit
 13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: - perceive oneself to be - doesn't fit
 14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: - get back/recover - doesn't fit
 15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: - succeed in reaching - doesn't fit
 16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: - find oneself (accept personality) - doesn't fit

 The best fit is sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" with synonyms determine, find out, ascertain.

 The context describes a conference where participants debated issues and reported cases. The finding that user involvement was more common is the result of this investigation/study/survey.

 Sense 2 is also possible (discover/detect), but sense 4 is more specific to establishing facts through systematic study/investigation, which matches the context of a conference with participants reporting cases and debating issues.

 Sense 4 examples: "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" - wait, the second example seems more like sense 8 (discovery). But the definition mentions "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study".

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - find%2:32:00 is typically "ascertain, determine, find out" - establishing facts through investigation
 - find%2:39:02 is "detect, observe, discover, notice" - more about perceiving/observing

 In the context "was found to be more common", this is clearly a result of investigation/study, not accidental encounter or physical detection. It's about determining/ascertaining a fact through analysis.

 Therefore, sense 4 (index 4) is the best choice.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=find%2:40:02::
 2. sense_key=find%2:39:02::
 3. sense_key=find%2:40:00::
 4. sense_key=find%2:32:00::
 ...

 So index 4 corresponds to find%2:32:00::.

 Let me double-check sense 9: find%2:31:09:: "make a discovery" - examples: "She found that he had lied to her" - this is similar to the usage here. But this is more about discovering a fact through investigation, while sense 4 is about establishing through calculation/study.

 Actually, looking at the examples for sense 9: "She found that he had lied to her" - this is very similar to "their involvement... was found to be more common". Both are about discovering/ascertaining facts.

 But sense 4 has the definition "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" which matches the conference/investigation context better than sense 9 which is just "make a discovery".

 Also, sense 4 synonyms: determine, find out, ascertain
 Sense 9 synonyms: discover

 The context suggests a systematic study (conference, participants, reported cases), so "ascertain/determine" (sense 4) fits better than just "discover" (sense 9).

 Also, sense 2 (find%2:39:02) is about detecting existence/presence, which is close, but sense 4 is about establishing facts through study, which fits the passive "was found to be" construction in an academic/reporting context.

 I think sense 4 is the best choice.

 Wait, looking at the WordNet sense keys:
 find%2:32:00:: - establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study
 find%2:31:09:: - make a discovery

 The example for sense 9 "She found that he had lied to her" is very similar to the target sentence structure. But the context of the target sentence (conference, participants, reported cases) suggests a systematic investigation rather than a personal discovery.

 Actually, looking at standard WSD for "found" in "was found to be", this is typically sense 4 (determine/ascertain) or sense 9 (discover). But given the context of a formal study/conference, sense 4 is more appropriate.

 Let me reconsider sense 2: find%2:39:02:: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of". This could also work. But "presence or fact of" - the example is about detecting lead in paint. The target is about determining the frequency/commonality of something.

 Sense 4 is specifically about establishing after investigation/study.

 I think I'll go with index 4.

 But let me check if there's any other sense that might fit better.

 Sense 6: witness/see - "We found Republicans winning" - no, that's about witnessing events.

 Sense 13: perceive oneself - "found myself" - no.

 So it's between 2, 4, and 9.

 Sense 2 (find%2:39:02): detect, observe, discover, notice - more about sensory/empirical observation
 Sense 4 (find%2:32:00): determine, ascertain - more about systematic investigation/conclusion
 Sense 9 (find%2:31:09): discover - general discovery of fact

 The context mentions "reported cases", "conference", "debated issues" - this is systematic investigation, so sense 4.

 Final check: The sentence "their involvement in service provision was found to be more common" means that through the investigation (the conference, reporting of cases), it was determined/ascertained to be more common.

 Yes, sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: more
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be <t>more</t> common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "more" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be <t>more</t> common."
 - "more" is modifying the adjective "common"
 - It's forming a comparative: "more common" (as opposed to just "common" or "less common")
 - The structure is "more + adjective" (common)

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
 2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

 Analysis:
 - Sense 1 is specifically about forming the comparative of adjectives and adverbs (e.g., "more interesting", "more beautiful", "more common")
 - Sense 2 is about "more" as a comparative of "much" - typically used as an adverb modifying verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs in terms of quantity/degree, but the examples show it standing alone ("he works more now", "they eat more than they should") or modifying verbs.

 In the target context, "more" is immediately followed by the adjective "common" and forms the comparative degree of "common". This matches exactly with sense 1's definition: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs" and examples like "more interesting; more beautiful".

 Sense 2 would apply when "more" is used as a quantifier/pronoun/adverb meaning "a greater amount/degree" in contexts like "I need more" or "he eats more", not when it's forming the comparative of a specific adjective.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: common
Target surface form: common
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more <t>common</t>. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public welfare

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
2. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor
4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term
6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "common" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more <t>common</t>."

 The sentence is comparing two things:
 1. Attempts to involve users in service planning (relatively few cases)
 2. Their involvement in service provision (more common)

 So "common" here means "frequent", "usual", "happening often" or "widely encountered".

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=common%3:00:02:: | definition=belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public | examples=for the common good; common lands are set aside for use by all members of a community
 - This is about shared ownership or public access. Not the right meaning here.

 2. sense_key=common%3:00:01:: | definition=having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual | examples=the common man; a common sailor
 - This has "commonly encountered" and "usual" in the definition. This could be close, but let's check others.

 3. sense_key=common%5:00:00:shared:00 | definition=common to or shared by two or more parties | synonyms=mutual | examples=a common friend; the mutual interests of management and labor
 - This is about sharing between parties. Not the right meaning.

 4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting
 - This means "frequently encountered", "usual". This fits well with "more common" meaning "more frequent" or "happening more often".

 5. sense_key=common%5:00:00:informal:02 | definition=being or characteristic of or appropriate to everyday language | synonyms=vernacular, vulgar | examples=common parlance; a vernacular term
 - This is about language style. Not relevant.

 6. sense_key=common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 | definition=of or associated with the great masses of people | synonyms=plebeian, vulgar, unwashed | examples=the common people in those days suffered greatly; behavior that branded him as common
 - This is about social class. Not relevant.

 7. sense_key=common%5:00:00:inferior:02 | definition=of low or inferior quality or value; - Shakespeare | synonyms=coarse | examples=of what coarse metal ye are molded; produced...the common cloths used by the poorer population
 - This is about quality. Not relevant.

 8. sense_key=common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 | definition=lacking refinement or cultivation or taste | synonyms=coarse, rough-cut, uncouth, vulgar | examples=he had coarse manners but a first-rate mind; behavior that branded him as common
 - This is about manners/refinement. Not relevant.

 9. sense_key=common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=to be expected; standard | examples=common decency
 - This means "standard" or "expected". This is also a possibility.

 Now I need to distinguish between sense 2, 4, and 9.

 Sense 2: "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual"
 - This seems to combine the meaning of "ordinary" (not special) with "commonly encountered".

 Sense 4: "commonly encountered" | synonyms=usual
 - This is specifically about frequency of occurrence.

 Sense 9: "to be expected; standard"
 - This is about being normal or standard.

 In the context: "their involvement in service provision was found to be more common"
 This is contrasting with "relatively few cases" of the other thing. So it's about frequency - happening more often.

 Sense 4 specifically mentions "commonly encountered" and has synonym "usual", with examples like "a common complaint" (meaning frequent complaint).

 Sense 2 has "commonly encountered" too, but also emphasizes "having no special distinction" and gives examples like "the common man" (ordinary person).

 Sense 9 is about being expected or standard.

 The context is about how often something happens (frequency), not about whether it's ordinary in quality or standard/expected behavior.

 "More common" here means "occurs more frequently" or "more widespread".

 Looking at the examples for sense 4: "a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting" - these refer to things that happen often.

 Looking at sense 2 examples: "the common man; a common sailor" - these refer to ordinary people, not frequency of occurrence.

 So sense 4 seems best: "commonly encountered" = frequently found/observed.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys. The user provided:
 4. sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02 | definition=commonly encountered | synonyms=usual | examples=a common (or familiar) complaint; the usual greeting

 This is the adjective sense meaning "frequent" or "often encountered".

 Sense 2 is: common%3:00:01:: with definition "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual"

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - common%3:00:01:: is typically the "ordinary" sense (not special)
 - common%5:00:00:familiar:02 is typically the "frequent/usual" sense

 But wait, the definition for sense 2 includes "commonly encountered" which is confusing.

 Let me think about the specific context again. "More common" is being contrasted with "relatively few cases". This is clearly about frequency of occurrence.

 Between sense 2 and sense 4:
 - Sense 2 focuses on "ordinary, average" (not special)
 - Sense 4 focuses on "frequently occurring" (usual)

 The phrase "more common" in this context means "occurs more frequently", which aligns with sense 4.

 However, I should check if sense 9 could fit: "to be expected; standard". While related, "standard" or "expected" is slightly different from "frequent". Something can be standard but not frequently discussed, or vice versa. But here, the contrast is explicitly with "few cases", so it's about frequency.

 Therefore, sense 4 is the best choice.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists them as 1-9. I need to return the index number.

 Sense 4 is the one with sense_key=common%5:00:00:familiar:02.

 Let me verify:
 1. common%3:00:02:: (shared by community)
 2. common%3:00:01:: (ordinary)
 3. common%5:00:00:shared:00 (mutual)
 4. common%5:00:00:familiar:02 (commonly encountered)
 5. common%5:00:00:informal:02 (vernacular)
 6. common%5:00:00:lowborn:00 (plebeian)
 7. common%5:00:00:inferior:02 (coarse quality)
 8. common%5:00:00:unrefined:01 (lacking refinement)
 9. common%5:00:00:ordinary:00 (to be expected; standard)

 Yes, sense 4 is the correct choice for "frequently occurring".

 Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
 - Sense 1 (common%3:00:01::) is "having no special distinction or quality; widely known or commonly encountered; average or ordinary or usual"
 - Sense 2 (common%3:00:02::) is "belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public"

 The satellite senses (5:00:00:...) are satellite adjectives.

 Sense 4 (common%5:00:00:familiar:02) corresponds to the "familiar" cluster, meaning "commonly encountered".

 In the context: "their involvement in service provision was found to be more common" - this means it happens more frequently, is more widespread, or more often encountered.

 This matches sense 4 perfectly.

 One final check: could it be sense 9 (ordinary:00 - to be expected; standard)?
 "Common decency" is the example. This is about conforming to standards. But the context is about frequency (comparing to "few cases"), not about meeting standards. So sense 4 is better.

 Answer should be {"sense_index": 4}.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: variety
Target surface form: variety
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the <t>variety</t> of different roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=variety%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection containing a variety of sorts of things | synonyms=assortment, mixture, mixed bag, miscellany, miscellanea, salmagundi | examples=a great assortment of cars was on display; he had a variety of disorders
2. sense_key=variety%1:07:00:: | definition=noticeable heterogeneity | synonyms=diverseness, diversity, multifariousness | examples=a diversity of possibilities; the range and variety of his work is amazing
3. sense_key=variety%1:14:00:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic category consisting of members of a species that differ from others of the same species in minor but heritable characteristics | examples=varieties are frequently recognized in botany
4. sense_key=variety%1:10:00:: | definition=a show consisting of a series of short unrelated performances | synonyms=variety show
5. sense_key=variety%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, form | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
6. sense_key=variety%1:07:01:: | definition=a difference that is usually pleasant | synonyms=change | examples=he goes to France for variety; it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "variety" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "Note was also taken of the <t>variety</t> of different roles played by public welfare..."

 The phrase is "variety of different roles". This suggests we're talking about the diversity or range of different roles.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=variety%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection containing a variety of sorts of things | synonyms=assortment, mixture, mixed bag, miscellany, miscellanea, salmagundi | examples=a great assortment of cars was on display; he had a variety of disorders
 - This seems to refer to a physical collection or assortment of items. The context is about "roles" which are abstract, not a physical collection.

 2. sense_key=variety%1:07:00:: | definition=noticeable heterogeneity | synonyms=diverseness, diversity, multifariousness | examples=a diversity of possibilities; the range and variety of his work is amazing
 - This refers to diversity or heterogeneity. The phrase "variety of different roles" fits well here - it emphasizes the diversity or range of roles. The example "the range and variety of his work is amazing" is very similar to the usage here.

 3. sense_key=variety%1:14:00:: | definition=(biology) a taxonomic category...
 - This is biological, not relevant here.

 4. sense_key=variety%1:10:00:: | definition=a show consisting of a series of short unrelated performances
 - Entertainment context, not relevant.

 5. sense_key=variety%1:09:01:: | definition=a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality | synonyms=kind, sort, form | examples=sculpture is a form of art; what kinds of desserts are there?
 - This refers to types or kinds. While "variety" can mean "kind" (as in "what variety of apple is this?"), the phrase here is "variety of different roles" which emphasizes the diversity/range rather than categorizing into types. Also, the structure "variety of different..." suggests the "diversity" meaning rather than the "kind/type" meaning.

 6. sense_key=variety%1:07:01:: | definition=a difference that is usually pleasant | synonyms=change | examples=he goes to France for variety; it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic
 - This refers to variety as in "change" or "novelty" for pleasure. Not relevant here.

 Between sense 1 and sense 2:
 Sense 1 focuses on a collection/assortment of things.
 Sense 2 focuses on heterogeneity/diversity.

 The context: "variety of different roles played by public welfare"
 This is talking about the diversity or range of roles - how there are many different types of roles. This aligns with sense 2 (noticeable heterogeneity, diversity).

 The phrase "variety of different" is a bit redundant (variety already implies difference), but this construction often emphasizes the diversity aspect.

 Looking at the examples for sense 2: "a diversity of possibilities; the range and variety of his work is amazing"
 The phrase "range and variety" or "variety of..." in the sense of diversity matches the context well.

 Sense 1 examples: "a great assortment of cars", "he had a variety of disorders" - these refer to collections of items or conditions.

 In the context, we're not talking about a collection of physical items, but rather the abstract concept of diverse roles.

 Therefore, sense 2 (variety%1:07:00::) is the best fit.

 Wait, let me double-check sense 5. Could "variety of different roles" mean "kinds of different roles"?
 "Variety" as "kind" or "sort" (sense 5) would typically be used as "what variety of role..." or "a new variety of..." or "varieties of...".
 But "variety of different roles" where "variety" is followed by "of different" strongly suggests the meaning is "diversity" or "range" (sense 2).

 Also, sense 1 has the subscript 1:14:01, which in WordNet is a noun group/collection.
 Sense 2 is 1:07:00, which is a noun attribute (state/quality).

 The "variety of different roles" is describing the attribute of the roles (that they are diverse), not grouping them into a collection.

 Actually, looking more carefully at sense 1: "a collection containing a variety of sorts of things" - this is interesting because it uses "variety" in its own definition. But the synonyms (assortment, mixture) suggest a concrete group.

 Sense 2: "noticeable heterogeneity" - this is about the quality of being diverse.

 In the sentence: "Note was also taken of the variety of different roles..."
 This means they noticed how diverse the roles were, or the range of different roles. This is clearly the "diversity/heterogeneity" meaning.

 So the answer should be sense index 2.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=variety%1:14:01::
 2. sense_key=variety%1:07:00::
 3. sense_key=variety%1:14:00::
 4. sense_key=variety%1:10:00::
 5. sense_key=variety%1:09:01::
 6. sense_key=variety%1:07:01::

 So sense 2 is variety%1:07:00:: (noticeable heterogeneity).

 Let me verify once more.
 Context: "variety of different roles"
 - Could it be sense 1 (assortment)? "an assortment of different roles" - possible, but less likely than "diversity of roles"
 - Could it be sense 5 (kind)? "a kind of different roles" - ungrammatical/awkward. "varieties of roles" would work for sense 5, but "variety of roles" in the sense of "kind" would require singular "role" or specific construction like "this variety of role".

 The construction "variety of [plural noun]" typically indicates sense 1 or 2.
 Sense 1: "a variety of cars" = an assortment of cars
 Sense 2: "the variety of his work" = the diversity of his work

 Here: "the variety of different roles"
 The presence of "different" emphasizes the heterogeneity aspect, pushing toward sense 2.

 Also, the broader context is about a conference discussing various issues and the different roles of public welfare. The point is about the diversity/heterogeneity of roles, not just listing an assortment of them.

 Therefore, sense 2 is correct.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: different
Target surface form: different
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of <t>different</t> roles played by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=different%3:00:00:: | definition=unlike in nature or quality or form or degree | examples=took different approaches to the problem; came to a different conclusion
2. sense_key=different%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=distinctly separate from the first | examples=that's another (or different) issue altogether
3. sense_key=different%5:00:00:unusual:00 | definition=differing from all others; not ordinary | examples=advertising that strives continually to be different; this new music is certainly different but I don't really like it
4. sense_key=different%3:00:02:: | definition=marked by dissimilarity | synonyms=unlike, dissimilar | examples=for twins they are very unlike; people are profoundly different
5. sense_key=different%5:00:01:other:00 | definition=distinct or separate | examples=each interviewed different members of the community

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "different" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "Note was also taken of the variety of <t>different</t> roles played by public welfare..."

The phrase is "variety of different roles". The context is about a conference discussing public welfare services, social exclusion, and the involvement of various actors (public authorities, social partners, voluntary organisations, service users).

Key phrase: "variety of different roles"

Candidate senses analysis:

1. sense_key=different%3:00:00:: | definition=unlike in nature or quality or form or degree | examples=took different approaches to the problem; came to a different conclusion
   - This is the most general sense, meaning "not the same" or "unlike". The examples show different approaches/conclusions.

2. sense_key=different%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=distinctly separate from the first | examples=that's another (or different) issue altogether
   - This implies separation from a specific first thing mentioned. "Another/different issue" suggests replacing or distinguishing from a previous topic.

3. sense_key=different%5:00:00:unusual:00 | definition=differing from all others; not ordinary | examples=advertising that strives continually to be different; this new music is certainly different but I don't really like it
   - This means "unusual" or "distinctive" in a way that stands out from the norm.

4. sense_key=different%3:00:02:: | definition=marked by dissimilarity | synonyms=unlike, dissimilar | examples=for twins they are very unlike; people are profoundly different
   - This emphasizes dissimilarity between things being compared.

5. sense_key=different%5:00:01:other:00 | definition=distinct or separate | examples=each interviewed different members of the community
   - This means "separate" or "distinct" entities, not necessarily in comparison to something specific, but as distinct individuals or items.

Looking at the phrase "variety of different roles":
- This refers to multiple distinct/separate types of roles.
- It's not saying the roles are unusual (sense 3).
- It's not necessarily comparing them to a specific first thing (sense 2).
- It is saying there are various distinct roles.

Sense 5 seems most appropriate: "distinct or separate" - referring to different members of the community in the example, similar to different roles here. The phrase "variety of different roles" suggests a collection of distinct/separate roles.

Sense 1 could also work (unlike in nature...), but sense 5 is more specific to the idea of distinct entities. However, in the phrase "variety of different roles", sense 1 might actually be the primary sense.

Let me reconsider. In WordNet:
- Sense 1 (different%3:00:00::) is the primary adjective sense: unlike in nature or quality...
- Sense 4 (different%3:00:02::) is marked by dissimilarity (similar to unlike)
- Sense 5:00:01:other:00 is "distinct or separate" - this is often used when we say "different people" meaning various separate individuals

In "variety of different roles", this is similar to the example in sense 5: "each interviewed different members of the community". This implies separate/distinct instances.

Sense 1 examples: "took different approaches to the problem" - this is similar to "different roles" in that they are unlike each other.

But "variety of different roles" emphasizes the distinctness/separateness of the roles. The word "variety" already conveys the "unlike-ness", so "different" here is emphasizing that they are distinct from one another.

Actually, looking carefully at the WordNet senses:
- different%3:00:00:: is the general sense "unlike in nature or quality..."
- different%5:00:01:other:00 means "distinct or separate" - used when referring to different instances/entities

The example "each interviewed different members of the community" - here "different" means "distinct" or "separate" members, not necessarily that the members are unlike each other in nature, but that they are different individuals.

Similarly, "different roles" means distinct/separate roles.

However, sense 1 could also apply. But given that sense 5 has the specific example about "different members", and "different roles" is structurally similar (different + plural noun referring to distinct entities), sense 5 is likely the best fit.

Wait, looking at the indices:
1. different%3:00:00::
2. different%5:00:00:other:00
3. different%5:00:00:unusual:00
4. different%3:00:02::
5. different%5:00:01:other:00

Sense 5 (index 5) is "distinct or separate"
Sense 2 is "distinctly separate from the first"

Sense 2 requires a reference to "the first" (thing), while sense 5 is more general "distinct or separate".

In the context "variety of different roles", there is no specific "first" role mentioned to be separate from, so sense 2 is unlikely.

Sense 5 "distinct or separate" fits well with the idea of various distinct roles.

Sense 1 is also plausible, but sense 5 is more specific for this usage where we're talking about multiple distinct entities (roles).

Looking at the example for sense 5 again: "each interviewed different members of the community" - this implies that the members are distinct from one another, or perhaps that different (various) members were interviewed by each.

Actually, in standard WordNet:
- Sense 4 in the list (different%3:00:02::) is "dissimilar"
- Sense 5 (different%5:00:01:other:00) is "distinct or separate"

But wait, I need to check if the sense indices correspond to the order listed. Yes, they are numbered 1-5 in the candidate list.

Sense 1: unlike in nature or quality...
Sense 2: distinctly separate from the first
Sense 3: differing from all others; not ordinary
Sense 4: marked by dissimilarity
Sense 5: distinct or separate

Between sense 1 and sense 5 for "different roles":
- If it means "roles that are unlike each other", sense 1 or 4 applies.
- If it means "various distinct roles", sense 5 applies.

Given the phrase "variety of different roles", this emphasizes that there are various types of roles that are distinct from one another. The example for sense 5 ("different members of the community") is almost identical in structure to "different roles".

Also, sense 1 examples use "different" in comparative contexts (different approaches, different conclusion), while sense 5 is used with plural nouns to indicate distinct instances.

Therefore, sense 5 seems best.

But let me double-check sense 4: "marked by dissimilarity". Synonyms: unlike, dissimilar. Examples: "for twins they are very unlike; people are profoundly different". This emphasizes the quality of being dissimilar.

In "variety of different roles", the focus is on there being multiple distinct types of roles, not necessarily emphasizing that they are dissimilar to each other (though they are). The word "variety" already covers the dissimilarity aspect.

Actually, looking at standard usage, "different roles" most commonly means "various distinct roles" - i.e., sense 5.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 5}.

Wait, I should verify if sense 5 is indeed the "distinct or separate" one in standard WordNet.

Checking my knowledge of WordNet:
- different, unusual (sense 3 here)
- different (vs. same) - this would be sense 1
- different, another, other (usage: "that's another/other issue" / "different issue") - this might be sense 2
- different (vs. similar) - sense 4

Actually, looking up WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
The senses of "different" (adj):

1. unlike in nature or quality or form or degree ("took different approaches")
2. distinct or separate ("each interviewed different members")
3. differing from all others; not ordinary ("advertising that strives to be different")
4. distinctly separate from the first ("that's another/different issue")
5. marked by dissimilarity ("people are profoundly different")

Wait, the WordNet senses might be ordered differently in the actual database vs this list. The user provided specific sense keys:
1. different%3:00:00::
2. different%5:00:00:other:00
3. different%5:00:00:unusual:00
4. different%3:00:02::
5. different%5:00:01:other:00

Sense 5 here is different%5:00:01:other:: which is "distinct or separate".

But I need to check if the sense keys provided match what I think:
- different%5:00:00:other:00 is likely "distinctly separate from the first" (usage: "that's another issue")
- different%5:00:01:other:00 is likely "distinct or separate" (usage: "different members")

Yes, the :01 and :00 offsets indicate different synsets.

Sense 5 (different%5:00:01:other:00) with example "each interviewed different members of the community" is the best match for "different roles" because:
1. It involves a plural noun (roles/members)
2. It means distinct/separate entities
3. It fits the pattern of "variety of different [noun]"

The other senses:
- Sense 1 is too general and usually used when comparing specific things ("A is different from B")
- Sense 2 requires a reference to a "first" thing
- Sense 3 means unusual/peculiar
- Sense 4 emphasizes dissimilarity/unlikeness

In the context of "public welfare" playing various roles, sense 5 is correct.

Final check: The sentence says "the variety of different roles played by public welfare". This is definitely sense 5 - distinct/separate roles.

So the answer is {"sense_index": 5}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: play
Target surface form: played
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles <t>played</t> by public welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=play%2:33:00:: | definition=participate in games or sport | examples=We played hockey all afternoon; play cards
2. sense_key=play%2:41:12:: | definition=act or have an effect in a specified way or with a specific effect or outcome | examples=This factor played only a minor part in his decision; This development played into her hands
3. sense_key=play%2:36:12:: | definition=play on an instrument | examples=The band played all night long
4. sense_key=play%2:36:02:: | definition=play a role or part | synonyms=act, represent | examples=Gielgud played Hamlet; She wants to act Lady Macbeth, but she is too young for the role
5. sense_key=play%2:41:03:: | definition=be at play; be engaged in playful activity; amuse oneself in a way characteristic of children | examples=The kids were playing outside all day; I used to play with trucks as a little girl
6. sense_key=play%2:36:00:: | definition=replay (as a melody) | synonyms=spiel | examples=Play it again, Sam; She played the third movement very beautifully
7. sense_key=play%2:36:01:: | definition=perform music on (a musical instrument) | examples=He plays the flute; Can you play on this old recorder?
8. sense_key=play%2:29:01:: | definition=pretend to have certain qualities or state of mind | synonyms=act, act as | examples=He acted the idiot; She plays deaf when the news are bad
9. sense_key=play%2:38:00:: | definition=move or seem to move quickly, lightly, or irregularly | examples=The spotlights played on the politicians
10. sense_key=play%2:33:01:: | definition=bet or wager (money) | examples=He played $20 on the new horse; She plays the races
11. sense_key=play%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in recreational activities rather than work; occupy oneself in a diversion | synonyms=recreate | examples=On weekends I play; The students all recreate alike
12. sense_key=play%2:36:06:: | definition=pretend to be somebody in the framework of a game or playful activity | examples=Let's play like I am mommy; Play cowboy and Indians
13. sense_key=play%2:36:11:: | definition=emit recorded sound | examples=The tape was playing for hours; the stereo was playing Beethoven when I entered
14. sense_key=play%2:36:03:: | definition=perform on a certain location | examples=The prodigy played Carnegie Hall at the age of 16; She has been playing on Broadway for years
15. sense_key=play%2:33:03:: | definition=put (a card or piece) into play during a game, or act strategically as if in a card game | examples=He is playing his cards close to his chest; The Democrats still have some cards to play before they will concede the electoral victory
16. sense_key=play%2:29:00:: | definition=engage in an activity as if it were a game rather than take it seriously | synonyms=toy | examples=They played games on their opponents; play the stock market
17. sense_key=play%2:41:02:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=play safe; play it safe
18. sense_key=play%2:36:05:: | definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video | synonyms=run | examples=They ran the tapes over and over again; I'll play you my favorite record
19. sense_key=play%2:35:00:: | definition=manipulate manually or in one's mind or imagination | synonyms=toy, fiddle, diddle | examples=She played nervously with her wedding ring; Don't fiddle with the screws
20. sense_key=play%2:34:13:: | definition=use to one's advantage | examples=She plays on her clients' emotions
21. sense_key=play%2:31:01:: | definition=consider not very seriously | synonyms=dally, trifle | examples=He is trifling with her; She plays with the thought of moving to Tasmania
22. sense_key=play%2:42:00:: | definition=be received or accepted or interpreted in a specific way | examples=This speech didn't play well with the American public; His remarks played to the suspicions of the committee
23. sense_key=play%2:41:13:: | definition=behave carelessly or indifferently | synonyms=dally, toy, flirt | examples=Play about with a young girl's affection
24. sense_key=play%2:38:03:: | definition=cause to move or operate freely within a bounded space | examples=The engine has a wheel that is playing in a rack
25. sense_key=play%2:36:10:: | definition=perform on a stage or theater | synonyms=act, roleplay, playact | examples=She acts in this play; He acted in `Julius Caesar'
26. sense_key=play%2:36:04:: | definition=be performed or presented for public viewing | examples=What's playing in the local movie theater?; `Cats' has been playing on Broadway for many years
27. sense_key=play%2:36:13:: | definition=cause to happen or to occur as a consequence | synonyms=bring, work, wreak, make for | examples=I cannot work a miracle; wreak havoc
28. sense_key=play%2:35:07:: | definition=discharge or direct or be discharged or directed as if in a continuous stream | examples=play water from a hose; The fountains played all day
29. sense_key=play%2:33:07:: | definition=make bets | examples=Play the races; play the casinos in Trouville
30. sense_key=play%2:33:08:: | definition=stake on the outcome of an issue | synonyms=bet, wager | examples=I bet $100 on that new horse; She played all her money on the dark horse
31. sense_key=play%2:33:09:: | definition=shoot or hit in a particular manner | examples=She played a good backhand last night
32. sense_key=play%2:33:13:: | definition=use or move | examples=I had to play my queen
33. sense_key=play%2:33:12:: | definition=employ in a game or in a specific position | examples=They played him on first base
34. sense_key=play%2:33:02:: | definition=contend against an opponent in a sport, game, or battle | synonyms=meet, encounter, take on | examples=Princeton plays Yale this weekend; Charlie likes to play Mary
35. sense_key=play%2:29:04:: | definition=exhaust by allowing to pull on the line | examples=play a hooked fish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "played" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles <t>played</t> by public welfare..."

The key phrase is "roles played by public welfare". Here "played" is used in the sense of "performing a role" or "fulfilling a function".

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. play%2:33:00:: - participate in games or sport (not this one)
2. play%2:41:12:: - act or have an effect in a specified way... (could be, but let's check others)
3. play%2:36:12:: - play on an instrument (no)
4. play%2:36:02:: - play a role or part | synonyms=act, represent | examples=Gielgud played Hamlet... (This looks very relevant - "play a role or part")
5. play%2:41:03:: - be at play; be engaged in playful activity (no)
6. play%2:36:00:: - replay (as a melody) (no)
7. play%2:36:01:: - perform music on (a musical instrument) (no)
8. play%2:29:01:: - pretend to have certain qualities (no)
9. play%2:38:00:: - move or seem to move quickly (no)
10. play%2:33:01:: - bet or wager (no)
11. play%2:41:00:: - engage in recreational activities (no)
12. play%2:36:06:: - pretend to be somebody in the framework of a game (no)
13. play%2:36:11:: - emit recorded sound (no)
14. play%2:36:03:: - perform on a certain location (no)
15. play%2:33:03:: - put (a card or piece) into play (no)
16. play%2:29:00:: - engage in an activity as if it were a game (no)
17. sense_key=play%2:41:02:: - behave in a certain way (close but not exactly)
18. play%2:36:05:: - cause to emit recorded audio or video (no)
19. play%2:35:00:: - manipulate manually (no)
20. play%2:34:13:: - use to one's advantage (no)
21. play%2:31:01:: - consider not very seriously (no)
22. play%2:42:00:: - be received or accepted (no)
23. play%2:41:13:: - behave carelessly (no)
24. play%2:38:03:: - cause to move or operate freely (no)
25. play%2:36:10:: - perform on a stage or theater (synonyms=act, roleplay, playact) - This is also close
26. play%2:36:04:: - be performed or presented for public viewing (no)
27. play%2:36:13:: - cause to happen (no)
28. play%2:35:07:: - discharge or direct (no)
29. play%2:33:07:: - make bets (no)
30. play%2:33:08:: - stake on the outcome (no)
31. play%2:33:09:: - shoot or hit (no)
32. play%2:33:13:: - use or move (no)
33. play%2:33:12:: - employ in a game (no)
34. play%2:33:02:: - contend against an opponent (no)
35. play%2:29:04:: - exhaust by allowing to pull on the line (no)

Now I need to decide between:
- Sense 2: play%2:41:12:: "act or have an effect in a specified way or with a specific effect or outcome"
- Sense 4: play%2:36:02:: "play a role or part" | synonyms=act, represent | examples="Gielgud played Hamlet; She wants to act Lady Macbeth..."
- Sense 25: play%2:36:10:: "perform on a stage or theater" | synonyms=act, roleplay, playact

The context is "roles played by public welfare". This is clearly about fulfilling or performing a role/function.

Sense 4 explicitly mentions "play a role or part" and has examples like "Gielgud played Hamlet" which is about acting/performing a role.

Sense 2 is about "act or have an effect" - example: "This factor played only a minor part in his decision". This is more about influence/effect rather than performing a role.

Sense 25 is specifically about theatrical performance "perform on a stage or theater".

The phrase "roles played by" is an idiom meaning "functions performed by" or "parts acted by". In the context of "public welfare" playing various roles, it's metaphorical - public welfare performs various functions or acts in various capacities.

Sense 4 (play%2:36:02::) is defined as "play a role or part" with synonyms "act, represent". This is the best fit.

However, I should also consider if Sense 2 might fit. Sense 2 is "act or have an effect in a specified way or with a specific effect or outcome". Example: "This factor played only a minor part..."

But the specific mention of "roles" in the context strongly points to Sense 4, which explicitly mentions "role" in its definition.

Wait, looking at the indices:
- Sense 4 is index 4 in the list provided (play%2:36:02::)
- Sense 2 is index 2 (play%2:41:12::)

Actually, looking at the candidate list, they are numbered 1-35. I need to return the index number from this list.

Sense 4 in the list is:
4. sense_key=play%2:36:02:: | definition=play a role or part | synonyms=act, represent | examples=Gielgud played Hamlet; She wants to act Lady Macbeth, but she is too young for the role

This is definitely the correct sense for "roles played by public welfare".

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 4


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: public
Target surface form: public
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by <t>public</t> welfare The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=public%3:00:00:: | definition=not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole | examples=the public good; public libraries
2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 | definition=affecting the people or community as a whole | examples=community leaders; community interests

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "public" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by <t>public</t> welfare"
 And later: "a major challenge for public welfare services"

 The target word "public" is modifying "welfare" (and "welfare services").

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=public%3:00:00:: | definition=not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole | examples=the public good; public libraries
 2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 | definition=affecting the people or community as a whole | examples=community leaders; community interests

 Wait, I need to check WordNet sense keys. The format suggests:
 - public%3:00:00:: is likely an adjective (3), and the specific sense is "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole"
 - public%5:00:00:common:02 - this looks like it might be a different sense. Let me think about WordNet structure.

 Actually, looking at WordNet:
 - public%3:00:00:: corresponds to sense 1 in WordNet 3.0: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole" (e.g., "public funds", "public parks")
 - public%5:00:00:common:02 - this seems odd. The %5 usually indicates adjectives in satellite? No, in WordNet sense keys:
   - %1: noun
   - %2: verb
   - %3: adjective
   - %4: adverb
   - %5: adjective satellite

 So public%5:00:00:common:02 would be an adjective satellite. But "common" is the head word? The format is: word%lex_filenum:lex_id:head_word:head_id

 Wait, the user says "Candidate senses" with these keys. Let me look at the definitions:

 Sense 1: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole" - this is the main sense of public meaning "of or concerning the people as a whole" (as opposed to private).

 Sense 2: "affecting the people or community as a whole" - this seems like it might be a different sense, perhaps more like "public welfare" meaning welfare for the community.

 But looking at the context: "public welfare" and "public welfare services"

 In the context, "public welfare" refers to welfare services provided by the government or state, as opposed to private welfare. This aligns with sense 1: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole".

 However, let me reconsider sense 2. The definition "affecting the people or community as a whole" with examples "community leaders; community interests" - this seems to correspond to WordNet sense "public%5:00:00:common:02" which is actually the satellite adjective sense meaning "affecting the people or community as a whole" (similar to common, communal).

 But in the phrase "public welfare", we are talking about welfare services that are public (state-run, government-provided) as opposed to private. This is the primary sense of public (not private).

 Let me verify the WordNet senses for "public":
 1. public, open to the public - "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole" (e.g., public parks, public funds)
 2. public - "affecting the people or community as a whole" (e.g., community interest, public welfare)

 Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0:
 - Sense 1: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole" (e.g., "the public good"; "public libraries")
 - Sense 2: "affecting the people or community as a whole" (e.g., "community leaders"; "community interests")

 Wait, the examples given in the prompt for sense 2 are "community leaders; community interests", which suggests this sense is about things that affect the community.

 But "public welfare" typically means welfare provided by the public sector (government), which would be sense 1. However, "public welfare" could also mean welfare of the public (the people), which would be sense 2.

 Let me look at the context again:
 "the variety of different roles played by public welfare"
 and
 "public welfare services"

 In this context, they are talking about welfare services provided by public authorities (mentioned earlier: "public authorities"). So "public welfare services" means services provided by the government/state, i.e., not private.

 This aligns with sense 1: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole".

 However, sense 2 "affecting the people or community as a whole" could also fit because public welfare is welfare that affects the community.

 But looking at the examples provided:
 Sense 1 examples: "the public good; public libraries"
 Sense 2 examples: "community leaders; community interests"

 "Public welfare" is more similar to "public good" and "public libraries" (services/facilities provided by the state for the public) than to "community leaders" or "community interests".

 Also, in the context, they contrast it with other actors like "voluntary and community organisations", "social partners", etc. The "public authorities" are mentioned as key actors, and "public welfare" refers to welfare provided by these public authorities.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the sense indices. The user asks for the "sense_index". Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=public%3:00:00::
 2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02

 So the indices are 1 and 2.

 I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 But let me double-check. Is there any chance sense 2 is correct?

 Sense 2 definition: "affecting the people or community as a whole"
 This is similar to "communal" or "collective".

 But "public welfare" in the context of "public welfare services" and "public authorities" clearly refers to the governmental/public sector sense, not just "affecting the community".

 Also, the example "public libraries" in sense 1 is very similar to "public welfare services" - both are services provided by the state.

 Therefore, sense 1 is definitely the correct choice.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: welfare
Target surface form: welfare
Context:
The Foundation has recently been involved in organising a conference which dealt with this critical challenge. Over 100 participants from the main interest groups attended and debated issues such as the role of key actors including public authorities, social partners, voluntary and community organisations as well as service users. There were relatively few cases reported of attempts to involve users in service planning but their involvement in service provision was found to be more common. Note was also taken of the variety of different roles played by public <t>welfare</t> The Foundation organised, together with the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Social Affairs and the Galician regional government, a European conference on social exclusion: a major challenge for public welfare services.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=welfare%1:04:00:: | definition=governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need | synonyms=social welfare, public assistance | examples=she lives on welfare
2. sense_key=welfare%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=benefit | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=welfare%1:26:00:: | definition=a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous | synonyms=wellbeing, upbeat, eudaemonia, eudaimonia | examples=the town was finally on the upbeat after our recent troubles

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "welfare" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses a conference about social exclusion and public welfare services
 - It mentions "public <t>welfare</t>" and later "public welfare services"
 - The context involves social affairs, social partners, voluntary organizations, service users, and public authorities
 - The phrase "public welfare services" appears at the end

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=welfare%1:04:00::
    - definition: governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need
    - synonyms: social welfare, public assistance
    - examples: she lives on welfare

 2. sense_key=welfare%1:07:00::
    - definition: something that aids or promotes well-being
    - synonyms: benefit
    - examples: for the benefit of all

 3. sense_key=welfare%1:26:00::
    - definition: a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous
    - synonyms: wellbeing, upbeat, eudaemonia, eudaimonia
    - examples: the town was finally on the upbeat after our recent troubles

 Analysis:
 - The context mentions "public welfare" and "public welfare services" in the context of social exclusion, social affairs ministry, and service provision
 - This clearly refers to the governmental/social system of providing assistance to those in need
 - Sense 1 specifically mentions "governmental provision" and has synonyms "social welfare, public assistance"
 - The phrase "public welfare services" aligns with sense 1 (governmental provision)
 - Sense 2 is more general (something that aids well-being) - too broad for this context
 - Sense 3 refers to a state of being (wellbeing/happiness) - this doesn't fit because "public welfare" here refers to services/systems, not a state of mind or condition

 The context is clearly about social policy, government services, and assistance programs - which matches sense 1.

 The target phrase is "public welfare" which is very close to the synonym "social welfare" listed in sense 1, and the definition mentions "governmental provision" which fits with "public" and the context of ministries and public authorities.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=welfare%1:04:00::
 2. sense_key=welfare%1:07:00::
 3. sense_key=welfare%1:26:00::

 So sense_index should be 1.

 But let me double-check. The user says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." This is just an example format. I need to return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Actually, looking carefully at the instructions: "Choose the single best indexed sense" and the candidates are numbered 1, 2, 3. So I should return the index of the chosen sense.

 My choice is sense 1.

 Let me verify once more:
 - Context: "public welfare" and "public welfare services" in the context of social exclusion, European Commission, Ministry of Social Affairs...
 - This is clearly about government social welfare programs
 - Sense 1: governmental provision of economic assistance to persons in need - matches perfectly
 - Sense 2: something that aids well-being - too abstract/general
 - Sense 3: a contented state - doesn't fit grammatically or semantically (you don't say "public welfare" meaning public happiness in this context; though "public welfare" can mean the wellbeing of the public, the specific mention of "services" and the organizational context points to sense 1)

 Yes, definitely sense 1.