[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: live
Target surface form: live
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always <t>live</t> where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=live%2:42:08:: | definition=inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of | synonyms=populate, dwell, inhabit | examples=People lived in Africa millions of years ago; The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted
2. sense_key=live%2:42:06:: | definition=lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style | examples=we had to live frugally after the war
3. sense_key=live%2:42:04:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
4. sense_key=live%2:42:01:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, survive, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
5. sense_key=live%2:42:00:: | definition=have life, be alive | synonyms=be | examples=Our great leader is no more; My grandfather lived until the end of war
6. sense_key=live%2:31:00:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=know, experience | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
7. sense_key=live%2:42:07:: | definition=pursue a positive and satisfying existence | examples=You must accept yourself and others if you really want to live

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "live" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."

 The sentence is talking about bell ringers and their physical location/residence. It says ringers don't always live (reside/dwell) where the bells need to be rung.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=live%2:42:08:: | definition=inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of | synonyms=populate, dwell, inhabit | examples=People lived in Africa millions of years ago; The people inhabited the islands that are now deserted
 - This sense is about residing in a place, inhabiting a location. The example shows "People lived in Africa" - this is about physical residence.

 2. sense_key=live%2:42:06:: | definition=lead a certain kind of life; live in a certain style | examples=we had to live frugally after the war
 - This is about lifestyle, not physical location.

 3. sense_key=live%2:42:04:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=survive, last, live on, go, endure, hold up
 - This is about surviving, enduring.

 4. sense_key=live%2:42:01:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, survive, subsist
 - This is about making enough money to survive.

 5. sense_key=live%2:42:00:: | definition=have life, be alive | synonyms=be
 - This is about being alive vs dead.

 6. sense_key=live%2:31:00:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=know, experience
 - This is about experiencing something.

 7. sense_key=live%2:42:07:: | definition=pursue a positive and satisfying existence
 - This is about living life to the fullest.

 The context clearly indicates physical residence: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung". This matches sense 1: "inhabit or live in; be an inhabitant of".

 The synonyms for sense 1 include "dwell, inhabit", which fit perfectly: "ringers do not always dwell/inhabit where the bells need to be rung".

 So the correct sense is sense 1 (sense_key=live%2:42:08::).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user asks for the "sense_index". Looking at the list:
 1. sense_key=live%2:42:08::
 2. sense_key=live%2:42:06::
 3. sense_key=live%2:42:04::
 4. sense_key=live%2:42:01::
 5. sense_key=live%2:42:00::
 6. sense_key=live%2:31:00::
 7. sense_key=live%2:42:07::

 So sense 1 in the list corresponds to index 1.

 But let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the numbering. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=...
 2. sense_key=...
 etc.

 So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Actually, looking carefully at the WordNet sense keys:
 - live%2:42:08:: (this is the first one listed)
 - live%2:42:06:: (second)
 - live%2:42:04:: (third)
 - live%2:42:01:: (fourth)
 - live%2:42:00:: (fifth)
 - live%2:31:00:: (sixth)
 - live%2:42:07:: (seventh)

 The context is about residing in a specific location (small rural parishes, inner-city churches). This is definitely sense 1.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the <t>bells</t> need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "bells" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about "Church Bell Ringers"
 - It mentions "bell ringing"
 - It talks about "100,000 trained bellringers"
 - It mentions "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung"
 - It mentions "small, rural parishes and inner-city churches"
 - The context is clearly about physical bells in churches that are rung by bell ringers.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
    - This fits perfectly. Church bells are hollow metal devices that make ringing sounds when struck.

 2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
    - This is about doorbells, not church bells. Doesn't fit.

 3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
    - This refers to the sound itself, not the physical object. The context says "where the bells need to be rung" - this refers to the physical objects needing to be rung, not the sound. Also, "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung" - you can't live where a sound needs to be rung, you live where physical objects are.

 4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
    - Nautical context, not church context. Doesn't fit.

 5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
    - This is about the shape, not the instrument. The context is about ringing bells, not their shape.

 6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
    - Proper noun, person. Doesn't fit.

 7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
    - Proper noun, person. Doesn't fit.

 8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
    - Proper noun, person. Doesn't fit.

 9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
    - This refers to orchestral bells/chimes, like tubular bells or orchestra bells. While related, the context specifically mentions church bell ringing, church parishes, vicars, etc. This is specifically about church bells, not orchestral percussion instruments.

 10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device
    - This is like the bell of a trumpet or horn. Doesn't fit.

 So the best choice is sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck"

 Wait, let me double-check sense 3 vs sense 1. The phrase is "where the bells need to be rung". If it were sense 3 (the sound), you wouldn't say the sound needs to be rung - you ring the bell to make the sound. The subject of "need to be rung" is the physical bells. So sense 1 is correct.

 Also, sense 9 is specifically about orchestral instruments (tuned bells struck with a hammer), whereas church bells are typically single bells or sets of bells rung by pulling ropes, not typically described as "percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer" in the orchestral sense.

 Therefore, the answer is sense_index: 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: ModelRun

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: need
Target surface form: need
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells <t>need</t> to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=need%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=need%2:34:01:: | definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "need" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "Also, ringers do not always live where the bells <t>need</t> to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
 - The meaning here is that the bells require ringing (i.e., there is a necessity for the bells to be rung in those locations), but ringers don't live there to do it.
 - The subject is "the bells" and the complement is "to be rung".

 Candidate sense analysis:

 1. sense_key=need%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
    - This sense seems to be about requiring something as necessary or proper. The structure is often "X needs Y" where Y is the thing required.
    - In the context: "the bells need to be rung" - this fits the pattern of requiring an action to be done.
    - The synonyms include "require", "necessitate".

 2. sense_key=need%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
    - This sense is about needing something, having a requirement for something.
    - Example: "This piano wants the attention..." - this is about the piano requiring attention.
    - In the context: "the bells need to be rung" - the bells don't "have need of" being rung in the sense of lacking something, but rather the situation requires that they be rung.
    - Actually, looking closely: "have need of" suggests the subject is the one experiencing the need. But bells don't experience needs. However, in "This piano wants attention", the piano is the subject but it's a personification/metonymy where the owner of the piano needs the attention for the piano.

 3. sense_key=need%2:34:01:: | definition=have or feel a need for | examples=always needing friends and money
    - This is about sentient beings feeling a need for something.
    - Bells cannot feel needs, so this is unlikely.

 Comparing sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1 (need%2:42:00::): "require as useful, just, or proper" - This is the sense used when something is required or necessary. The subject is the thing that requires the action. Examples: "It takes nerve...", "success usually requires hard work".
 - Sense 2 (need%2:34:00::): "have need of" - This is about lacking something necessary. Example: "This piano wants the attention..." - here the piano is the object of attention, but grammatically it's the subject. This is similar to "The bells need ringing" or "The bells need to be rung".

 Actually, looking at the WordNet structure:
 - need%2:42:00:: is likely the sense where "need" takes a direct object or a clausal complement indicating what is required.
 - need%2:34:00:: is likely the sense where the subject needs something (transitive with object).

 In "the bells need to be rung":
 - The bells are the subject.
 - "to be rung" is the complement.
 - The meaning is that it is necessary for the bells to be rung (in those locations).

 Let me check the examples more carefully:
 Sense 1 examples: "It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work"
 - These use "take" and "require" as synonyms.
 - "Success requires hard work" = "Success needs hard work" (in the sense of requiring it).

 Sense 2 examples: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner"
 - "Wants" here means "needs" (requires).
 - "The piano needs attention" - this is similar to "the bells need to be rung".

 However, there's a subtle distinction in WordNet:
 - Sense 1 (need%2:42:00::) is often about the logical/necessary requirement: "This job requires patience", "It takes three hours to get there".
 - Sense 2 (need%2:34:00::) is about the subject lacking something: "I need water", "The car needs gas".

 In "the bells need to be rung", the bells are not the agent that needs something, but rather the patient of the ringing. The construction "need to be rung" is a passive equivalent of "need ringing".

 Actually, looking at standard WSD for "need":
 - "I need help" -> sense 2 (have need of)
 - "The situation needs to be addressed" -> sense 1 (require)

 But wait, let's look at the specific sense keys:
 - need%2:42:00:: - This is the "require" sense (verb group 42)
 - need%2:34:00:: - This is the "want" sense (verb group 34)
 - need%2:34:01:: - This is the "feel a need for" sense (verb group 34)

 In the sentence "the bells need to be rung", this is equivalent to "the bells require ringing" or "it is necessary that the bells be rung".

 The key distinction is:
 - Sense 1: require as useful, just, or proper (impersonal/necessity)
 - Sense 2: have need of (the subject lacks something)

 In "the bells need to be rung", the bells don't "have need of" being rung in the sense of lacking it (though one could argue they lack the action), but rather the situation requires that they be rung.

 However, looking at the example for sense 2: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner" - this is very similar to "The bells need to be rung". The piano is the object of attention, just as the bells are the object of ringing.

 But "wants" in that example is synonymous with "needs" in the sense of requiring maintenance.

 Let me reconsider the WordNet senses:
 According to WordNet:
 - need.v.01: have need of (synonyms: want, require) - "This piano wants the attention..."
 - need.v.02: require as useful, just, or proper (synonyms: necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve) - "It takes nerve..."

 The difference is subtle. need.v.01 is about the subject needing something (lacking it). need.v.02 is about something being required/necessary.

 In "the bells need to be rung", if we interpret it as "the bells require ringing", it could be either. But "require" appears in both synonym lists.

 However, looking at the structure:
 - "I need a drink" -> need.v.01 (I have need of a drink)
 - "This needs to be done" -> need.v.02 (This requires being done)

 Actually, checking actual WordNet data:
 - need%2:34:00:: is "have need of" - this is the sense where the subject is the experiencer of the need.
 - need%2:42:00:: is "require as useful, just, or proper" - this is the sense where the subject is the situation/thing that makes the action necessary.

 In "the bells need to be rung", the bells are not experiencing a need - they are inanimate objects. The meaning is that the bells require ringing (by someone), i.e., it is necessary that they be rung.

 Therefore, sense 1 (need%2:42:00::) seems more appropriate because it deals with necessity/requirement rather than the subject "having need of" something.

 But wait, the example for sense 2 is "This piano wants the attention..." which is also an inanimate object. So inanimate objects can "have need of" things in this sense.

 Let me look at the specific context again: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung"
 - This means: in those locations (small rural parishes, inner-city churches), there is a necessity for the bells to be rung, but there are no ringers.
 - It's about the requirement for the action of ringing to take place.

 The distinction might be:
 - Sense 1: X needs Y (where Y is the thing required)
 - Sense 2: X needs Y (where X is the one lacking/requring Y)

 In "the bells need to be rung", "to be rung" is a complement clause. The bells are the object of the ringing.

 Actually, looking at the syntax:
 - "I need to go" -> I am the one who needs to perform the action.
 - "The bells need to be rung" -> The bells are the object of the ringing, not the agent.

 In "I need to go", sense 3 (have or feel a need for) or sense 2 (have need of) would apply, but not sense 1.

 In "The bells need to be rung", this is a passive construction. The active would be "Someone needs to ring the bells" or "The bells require ringing".

 If we say "The job needs to be done", is that sense 1 or 2?
 - "The job needs to be done" = "The job requires doing"
 - This seems like sense 1 (require as useful, just, or proper).

 But "The car needs washing" = "The car wants washing" (British English) - this is sense 2.

 The difference might be that sense 2 allows for "want" as a synonym (as in "The car wants washing"), while sense 1 is more about logical necessity.

 In the given context, "the bells need to be rung" is about the necessity of the bells being rung for church services, etc. It's a functional requirement.

 However, looking at the examples provided:
 Sense 1: "It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work"
 - These are about general requirements/necessities.

 Sense 2: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner"
 - This is about a specific object requiring maintenance/action.

 "The bells need to be rung" is more analogous to "The piano wants attention" than to "Success requires hard work". Both the piano and the bells are physical objects that require some action to be performed on them.

 Therefore, sense 2 (need%2:34:00::) seems more appropriate.

 But I need to be careful. Let me check if there's a distinction between "need to be done" (sense 1) vs "need doing" (sense 2). In some analyses, "need" + gerund/passive is sense 2 (have need of), while "need" + infinitive with different subject can be sense 1.

 Actually, looking at standard dictionaries:
 - Sense 1: to require (something) because it is essential or very important (not because the subject lacks it, but because the situation demands it)
 - Sense 2: to require (something) because it is lacking or necessary for some purpose

 In "the bells need to be rung", the bells are not ringing themselves, so they don't "have need of" ringing in the sense of lacking it for their own purposes. Rather, the church/parish needs the bells to be rung.

 But grammatically, "the bells" is the subject.

 Let me reconsider the WordNet sense keys:
 - need%2:34:00:: is verb sense 1 in WordNet (have need of)
 - need%2:42:00:: is verb sense 2 in WordNet (require as useful, just, or proper)
 - need%2:34:01:: is verb sense 3 in WordNet (have or feel a need for)

 Wait, the sense keys encode the lexicographer file (42 vs 34) and the sense number.
 - 34 is "Verbs of Perception and Cognition" or similar? Actually, 34 is "Verbs of Perception"? No, 42 is "Verbs of Being".

 Let me check WordNet lexicographer file numbers:
 - 34: verbs of perception? Actually, I think:
 - 42: verbs of being
 - 34: might be "verbs of consumption" or something else.

 Actually, standard WordNet lexicographer files:
 - 42: verb.cognition? No.
 - 34: verb.contact?
 - 42: verb.stative?

 Actually, looking it up mentally:
 - need%2:42:00:: is in file 42 (verb.cognition? No, probably verb.stative or similar)
 - need%2:34:00:: is in file 34 (verb.contact?)

 Actually, the numbers are:
 - 34: verb.contact
 - 42: verb.cognition

 But "need" as "require" would be in verb.cognition (42), and "need" as "want" would be in verb.contact (34)? That doesn't seem right.

 Actually, checking:
 - WordNet 3.0/3.1:
   - need.v.01: have need of (in file verb.possession? No...)

 Let me think about the actual meanings without relying on the file numbers.

 The three senses provided are:
 1. require as useful, just, or proper (synonyms: necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve)
 2. have need of (synonyms: want, require)
 3. have or feel a need for

 Sense 3 is clearly for animate subjects with feelings.
 Sense 1 and 2 both have "require" as a synonym.

 The key difference is that sense 1 includes "necessitate", "involve", "take" (as in "it takes courage"), which suggests a more abstract requirement or logical necessity.
 Sense 2 includes "want', which suggests a lack or deficiency.

 In "the bells need to be rung", we are talking about a deficiency (lack of ringers to ring them), but the grammatical subject is "the bells". The bells are the ones that are not being rung, so they "want" (lack) ringing.

 The example "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner" is almost exactly parallel: "The bells need the ringing by ringers" -> "The bells need to be rung".

 Therefore, sense 2 (have need of) is the best fit.

 Wait, but sense 1 also has "require". And "the bells require ringing" is a valid paraphrase.

 However, the presence of "want" as a synonym in sense 2 is the clincher. In British English, "the bells want ringing" is equivalent to "the bells need ringing". This construction (where the subject is the object of the action) is characteristic of sense 2.

 Also, note that sense 1 examples use "it takes..." and "success requires...", where the subject is more abstract or the construction is impersonal/empty subject.

 Sense 2 example uses "This piano wants...", where the subject is a concrete object.

 "The bells" are concrete objects, like "the piano".

 Therefore, I choose sense 2.

 But let me double-check: is there any reason to prefer sense 1?
 - If the meaning were "It is necessary that the bells be rung" in a general sense, without implying that the bells themselves are in a state of lacking something, then sense 1 might apply.
 - But given the context about lack of ringers, and the specific locations (parishes where bells exist but aren't rung because no one is there), the sense is that the bells are sitting there unringed, i.e., they need (want) to be rung.

 Also, looking at the instruction: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."

 The example for sense 2: "This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner"
 - Pattern: [Inanimate object] [need/want] [action/maintenance]
 - Our sentence: [The bells] [need] [to be rung]
 - Match: High

 The examples for sense 1: "It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work"
 - Pattern: [Abstract situation/subject] [require/necessitate] [abstract noun/action]
 - Our sentence: Concrete object + passive action
 - Match: Lower

 Therefore, sense 2 is the best choice.

 Sense index: 2

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=need%2:42:00::
 2. sense_key=need%2:34:00::
 3. sense_key=need%2:34:01::

 So sense 2 is need%2:34:00:: (have need of).

 Yes.

 Final check: Could it be sense 3? "have or feel a need for" - examples: "always needing friends and money". This is clearly for animate subjects with desires. Bells don't feel needs. So no.

 So it's between 1 and 2. I think 2 is correct.

 One final thought: In some WordNet versions, "need" with the meaning "require" (where the subject is the patient) is sense 1 (have need of), and "need" meaning "necessitate" (where the subject is the agent or cause) is sense 2.

 Actually, looking at the synonyms again:
 Sense 1: necessitate, ask, postulate, require, take, involve
 - These are causative or stative verbs where the subject brings about the requirement.
 - "Success requires hard work" - success causes/entails the requirement for hard work.
 - "It takes nerve" - the situation requires nerve.

 Sense 2: want, require
 - "The piano wants attention" - the piano is the object of attention, the subject of the verb, and the verb indicates a state of lacking.

 In "the bells need to be rung", the bells do not cause the ringing. They are the object. So sense 2.

 Final answer: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ring
Target surface form: rung
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be <t>rung</t> -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border | examples=The forest surrounds my property
6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band | examples=ring birds; band the geese to observe their migratory patterns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "rung" (which is the past participle of "ring") in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringing
 - The specific sentence is: "Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be <t>rung</t> -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."
 - This is talking about bells being rung (sounded) in specific locations

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00:: | definition=sound loudly and sonorously | synonyms=peal | examples=the bells rang
    - This seems to fit. Bells sounding loudly.

 2. sense_key=ring%2:39:04:: | definition=ring or echo with sound | synonyms=resound, echo, reverberate | examples=the hall resounded with laughter
    - This is about echoing/resounding, not specifically about causing bells to sound.

 3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01:: | definition=make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification | synonyms=knell | examples=Ring the bells; My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church
    - This specifically mentions making bells ring, and the example mentions ringing at church. This seems very relevant.

 4. sense_key=ring%2:32:00:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=call, telephone, call up, phone
    - This is about telephoning, not relevant here.

 5. sense_key=ring%2:35:03:: | definition=extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle | synonyms=surround, environ, skirt, border
    - This is about surrounding/encircling, not relevant.

 6. sense_key=ring%2:35:00:: | definition=attach a ring to the foot of, in order to identify | synonyms=band
    - This is about putting rings on birds' feet, not relevant.

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 3.

 Sense 1: "sound loudly and sonorously" - this is intransitive or describes the sound itself
 Sense 3: "make (bells) ring, often for the purposes of musical edification" - this is transitive, about causing bells to sound

 In the sentence: "the bells need to be rung" - this is passive voice. The bells need to be caused to ring by someone (ringers).

 Sense 3 specifically mentions "make (bells) ring" and has examples like "Ring the bells" and "My uncle rings every Sunday at the local church" which matches the church bell context perfectly.

 Sense 1 is more about the bells themselves sounding ("the bells rang").

 Given that the context is about bell ringers (people who ring bells) and the passive construction "need to be rung" (need to be caused to ring by ringers), sense 3 is the best fit.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys. The user provided:
 1. sense_key=ring%2:39:00::
 3. sense_key=ring%2:39:01::

 Both are verb senses (2:39 indicates verb of perception/communication).

 Sense 3 explicitly mentions "make (bells) ring" which is exactly what happens when ringers ring bells - they make the bells ring. The phrase "bells need to be rung" implies someone needs to ring them (cause them to sound).

 Also, the context mentions "bell ringing", "bellringers", "Ring the bells" (in sense 3 examples), and church context.

 Therefore, sense 3 (index 3) is the correct choice.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: small
Target surface form: small
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in <t>small</t>, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=small%3:00:00:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=little | examples=a little dining room; a little house
2. sense_key=small%5:00:00:limited:00 | definition=limited in size or scope | synonyms=minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized | examples=a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation
3. sense_key=small%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=little | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
4. sense_key=small%5:00:00:little:03 | definition=slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope | examples=a series of death struggles with small time in between
5. sense_key=small%5:00:00:inferior:01 | definition=low or inferior in station or quality | synonyms=humble, low, lowly, modest | examples=a humble cottage; a lowly parish priest
6. sense_key=small%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=little, minuscule | examples=little a; small a
7. sense_key=small%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=little | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
8. sense_key=small%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=have fine or very small constituent particles | examples=a small misty rain
9. sense_key=small%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=not large but sufficient in size or amount | synonyms=modest | examples=a modest salary; modest inflation
10. sense_key=small%5:00:00:decreased:00 | definition=made to seem smaller or less (especially in worth) | synonyms=belittled, diminished | examples=her comments made me feel small

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "small" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in <t>small</t>, rural parishes and inner-city churches."

 Here, "small" is modifying "rural parishes" and is contrasted with "inner-city churches" (which are also mentioned as places where ringers don't live but bells need to be rung).

 The context suggests that "small" is describing the size or scope of the parishes. It's talking about rural parishes that are limited in size or scope.

 Let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=small%3:00:00:: | definition=limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent | synonyms=little | examples=a little dining room; a little house
    - This is the core adjective sense. "Small rural parishes" could fit here - parishes limited in magnitude or extent.

 2. sense_key=small%5:00:00:limited:00 | definition=limited in size or scope | synonyms=minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized | examples=a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation
    - This is a satellite adjective sense (indicated by %5). It specifically mentions "limited in size or scope" which fits well with parishes.

 3. sense_key=small%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=(of children and animals) young, immature | synonyms=little | examples=what a big little boy you are; small children
    - Doesn't apply to parishes.

 4. sense_key=small%5:00:00:little:03 | definition=slight or limited; especially in degree or intensity or scope | examples=a series of death struggles with small time in between
    - This could potentially fit, but "slight or limited" with emphasis on degree/intensity seems less appropriate for physical size of parishes.

 5. sense_key=small%5:00:00:inferior:01 | definition=low or inferior in station or quality | synonyms=humble, low, lowly, modest | examples=a humble cottage; a lowly parish priest
    - This refers to station/quality, not physical size. While "lowly parish priest" is in the examples, "small parishes" here refers to size, not social status.

 6. sense_key=small%5:00:00:lowercase:00 | definition=lowercase | synonyms=little, minuscule | examples=little a; small a
    - Not relevant.

 7. sense_key=small%5:00:00:soft:04 | definition=(of a voice) faint | synonyms=little | examples=a little voice; a still small voice
    - Not relevant.

 8. sense_key=small%5:00:00:fine:00 | definition=have fine or very small constituent particles | examples=a small misty rain
    - Not relevant.

 9. sense_key=small%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=not large but sufficient in size or amount | synonyms=modest | examples=a modest salary; modest inflation
    - This could work, but "moderate" implies sufficient but not large, whereas the context seems to emphasize the limited nature/size.

 10. sense_key=small%5:00:00:decreased:00 | definition=made to seem smaller or less (especially in worth) | synonyms=belittled, diminished | examples=her comments made me feel small
    - Not relevant.

 Now between sense 1 and sense 2:

 Sense 1 (small%3:00:00::) is the core sense: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent"
 Sense 2 (small%5:00:00:limited:00) is a satellite sense: "limited in size or scope"

 The context mentions "small, rural parishes". Rural parishes are typically characterized by being limited in size or scope (population, area).

 However, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1 examples: "a little dining room; a little house" - these are physical spaces, similar to parishes.
 - Sense 2 examples: "a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation" - these are organizations/entities with scope.

 Parishes are administrative/religious districts. They have both physical size and organizational scope.

 But wait, looking at the WordNet structure:
 - Sense 1 is the main adjective sense (3:00:00)
 - Sense 2 is a satellite (5:00:00:limited:00) meaning "limited in size or scope"

 The phrase "small, rural parishes" seems to emphasize the physical size and population aspect.

 However, I need to be careful. In WordNet, sense 1 (small%3:00:00::) is the primary sense meaning "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent".

 Sense 2 is specifically "limited in size or scope" which is very close to the primary sense but more specific about size/scope limitations.

 Actually, looking at the context again: "small, rural parishes and inner-city churches"
 - Rural parishes are typically small in population/area
 - Inner-city churches might be in areas with high population but perhaps small congregations or physical buildings?

 But the contrast seems to be between rural (sparsely populated, small) and inner-city (densely populated, but perhaps the churches themselves are small or struggling).

 Actually, the point is that ringers don't live where the bells need to be rung - like in small rural parishes (where there are few people) and inner-city churches (where the demographic might not include traditional ringers).

 "Small" here modifies "rural parishes". Rural parishes are by definition often small in population and geographic extent.

 Between sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1 is the general sense of being limited in magnitude/extent
 - Sense 2 is specifically "limited in size or scope"

 For parishes, both could work. But sense 1 is the core sense that applies to physical magnitude/extent (like a small house, small room). Parishes have physical extent.

 However, sense 2 examples include "a small business" which is an organization, like a parish is an organizational unit.

 But looking at the WordNet hierarchy, sense 2 is a specific type of limitation (limited in size or scope), while sense 1 is the general "limited in magnitude or extent".

 Actually, looking carefully at the definitions:
 - Sense 1: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent"
 - Sense 2: "limited in size or scope"

 "Rural parishes" are small in terms of population (number) and geographic area (magnitude/extent). This fits sense 1 very well.

 But sense 2 also fits: "limited in size or scope".

 However, sense 2 is marked as %5:00:00:limited:00 which indicates it's a satellite of "limited". The examples are "a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation" - these emphasize the scope/scale of operations.

 Parishes have a scope of operations, but in the context of "rural parishes", the physical size and population are more salient.

 Also, sense 1 is the most common sense for physical objects and spaces.

 But let me check if there's a distinction I'm missing. In WordNet:
 - small%3:00:00:: is the direct antonym of large/big
 - small%5:00:00:limited:00 is similar to "minor, modest, small-scale"

 "Small rural parishes" - are they small in the sense of "minor/modest" or in the sense of "limited in magnitude"?

 I think sense 1 is the better fit because:
 1. It's the primary sense for physical magnitude/extent
 2. Parishes are being described in terms of their physical and demographic size
 3. The contrast with "inner-city" (which implies dense population) suggests "small" here refers to the scale of the community

 Wait, actually "inner-city churches" might be in large cities but the churches themselves could be small, or the congregations small. But "rural parishes" are definitely small in population.

 Actually, looking at the instruction: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."

 The examples for sense 1: "a little dining room; a little house" - these are enclosed spaces/structures, similar to how we might think of parishes (as communities or areas).

 The examples for sense 2: "a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation" - these are organizations or enterprises.

 A parish can be seen as an organization (ecclesiastical parish) or a geographic area. In the context of "rural parishes", it's likely referring to the geographic/administrative unit.

 But I think sense 1 is the most appropriate because it's the general sense of "small" applied to physical extent and population size, which is what characterizes rural parishes.

 However, I should reconsider sense 2. The phrase "small, rural parishes" - the comma suggests "small" and "rural" are separate descriptors, but they work together. Rural implies small, but "small" emphasizes the limited size/scope.

 Actually, looking at the satellite structure in WordNet, sense 2 (small%5:00:00:limited:00) is specifically for things that are limited in size or scope, which is very close to the general sense but perhaps more abstract.

 But for parishes, which are concrete places, sense 1 seems better.

 Let me check if there's any other sense that might fit. Sense 5 (inferior) is about station/quality, not size. The example "a lowly parish priest" is there, but "small parishes" would be about size, not status.

 Sense 9 (moderate) - "not large but sufficient" - this doesn't fit because the context implies these small parishes have a problem (lack of ringers), not that they are sufficient.

 So it's between 1 and 2.

 In WordNet disambiguation tasks, usually the core sense (3:00:00) is preferred for general size descriptions unless the satellite sense captures a specific nuance.

 "Rural parishes" are small in the sense of magnitude/extent (sense 1).

 But let me look at the exact wording again: "like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches"

 The structure is: small [rural parishes] and [inner-city churches]
 Or: [small, rural parishes] and [inner-city churches]

 Given the comma, it's likely "small, rural parishes" - meaning parishes that are both small and rural.

 In this case, "small" describes the size of the parish.

 Sense 1 examples: "a little dining room; a little house" - these are spaces.
 Sense 2 examples: "a small business; a newspaper with a modest circulation" - these are organizations.

 A parish is arguably more like an organization (sense 2) or a geographic area (sense 1).

 But in common parlance, we say "a small town" using sense 1 (magnitude/extent), and a parish is similar to a town in being a geographic area.

 Also, "inner-city churches" - churches are buildings/organizations. If "small" applied to both, it would be the same sense for both.

 For a church building, "small" would be sense 1 (limited in magnitude/extent).
 For a parish as a geographic area, "small" would be sense 1.

 Therefore, sense 1 seems the most appropriate.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user asks for the "sense_index". Looking at the list:
 1. sense_key=small%3:00:00::
 2. sense_key=small%5:00:00:limited:00
 3. sense_key=small%5:00:00:young:00
 ...

 So the index is 1, 2, 3, etc. corresponding to the numbered list.

 I should return {"sense_index": 1} or {"sense_index": 2}.

 Let me reconsider sense 2 one more time. The definition is "limited in size or scope". The synonyms include "minor, modest, small-scale, pocket-size, pocket-sized".

 "Small rural parishes" - are they "small-scale"? Maybe. But "pocket-size" clearly doesn't apply. "Minor" might apply in terms of importance, but the context is about the lack of ringers due to population distribution, not importance.

 "Modest" could apply.

 But the primary meaning is about physical size and population, which is sense 1.

 Also, looking at the WordNet entry for small, sense 1 is the first and most general sense.

 I think the answer is sense 1.

 But let me double-check if there's any reason to prefer sense 5 (inferior). The example mentions "a lowly parish priest". Could "small parishes" mean humble/low status parishes? In the context of the Church of England, rural parishes might be considered less prestigious than urban ones, but the immediate context is about the lack of ringers due to where people live, not about status. The issue is demographic - ringers don't live in sparsely populated rural areas or perhaps don't live in inner cities (though inner cities have people, maybe not the right demographic for bell ringing).

 So it's about population size and distribution, not status.

 Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

 Final check: The target is "small" in "small, rural parishes". This clearly means parishes that are limited in size/extent/population. This matches sense 1: "limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent".

 The answer is index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: council
Target surface form: council
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the <t>council</t>'s program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=council%1:14:01:: | definition=a body serving in an administrative capacity | examples=student council
2. sense_key=council%1:14:02:: | definition=(Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops and other representatives of different churches or dioceses that is convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine
3. sense_key=council%1:14:00:: | definition=a meeting of people for consultation | examples=emergency council

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "council" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell ringing in churches in England
 - It mentions Mr. Baldwin who seems to be involved with an organization concerned with church bells
 - It mentions "the council's program to attract and train ringers"
 - The council is trying to solve the problem of lack of bell ringers
 - It mentions publishing booklets for vicars, theological colleges, parishes, etc.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=council%1:14:01:: | definition=a body serving in an administrative capacity | examples=student council
    - This is a general administrative body. Could fit if this is some kind of organization or committee.

 2. sense_key=council%1:14:02:: | definition=(Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops and other representatives of different churches or dioceses that is convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine
    - This is specifically about Christian church councils (like the Council of Nicaea, Vatican Council, etc.)
    - These are usually high-level doctrinal/disciplinary meetings of church leaders

 3. sense_key=council%1:14:00:: | definition=a meeting of people for consultation | examples=emergency council
    - This is about a meeting/consultation event

 Looking at the context:
 - "the council's program to attract and train ringers"
 - This suggests an ongoing organization/body that has programs, not a one-time meeting
 - It's related to church bells and ringing
 - It could be a specific administrative body (sense 1) or potentially a church council (sense 2)

 However, looking more carefully:
 - The context mentions "the council" as having a program to attract and train ringers
 - This sounds like an organization or administrative body dedicated to bell ringing
 - It's not referring to a doctrinal council of bishops (sense 2) - those don't typically run programs to train bell ringers
 - It's not referring to a meeting (sense 3) because it has an ongoing program

 Wait, let me reconsider. Is this referring to a specific "council" like the "Central Council of Church Bell Ringers" or similar?

 Actually, looking at the context clues:
 - The text mentions "Mr. Baldwin" speaking about bell ringing
 - It mentions "the council's program"
 - This is likely referring to an administrative body (sense 1) - a body serving in an administrative capacity

 But let me check if sense 2 could fit. Sense 2 is specifically about Christian councils convened to regulate doctrine or discipline. The context here is about practical matters (training bell ringers), not doctrinal issues. So sense 2 is unlikely.

 Sense 3 is about a meeting, but "the council's program" implies a permanent body with ongoing activities, not a single meeting.

 So sense 1 seems best: "a body serving in an administrative capacity"

 However, I should verify if there's any specific information. The context mentions "the council" in relation to church bells. In England, there is the "Central Council of Church Bell Ringers" which is indeed an administrative body.

 The key distinction:
 - Sense 1: administrative body (like student council, city council, etc.)
 - Sense 2: specifically Christian doctrinal council (ecumenical council, etc.)
 - Sense 3: a meeting/consultation

 Given that:
 1. It's an ongoing body with a program (not a meeting)
 2. It's concerned with practical matters (training ringers) not doctrinal matters
 3. It acts as an administrative/governing body

 The best choice is sense 1: council%1:14:01:: (a body serving in an administrative capacity)

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user asks for the "sense_index" which corresponds to the numbered list provided:
 1. sense_key=council%1:14:01::
 2. sense_key=council%1:14:02::
 3. sense_key=council%1:14:00::

 So if I choose sense 1, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}

 Let me double-check by looking at the WordNet definitions more carefully.

 In WordNet:
 - council%1:14:00:: - a meeting of people for consultation; "emergency council"
 - council%1:14:01:: - a body serving in an administrative capacity; "student council", "council of war"
 - council%1:14:02:: - (Christianity) an assembly of theologians and bishops and other representatives of different churches or dioceses that is convened to regulate matters of discipline or doctrine

 The context describes "the council's program" - this is possessive, indicating the council owns/operates the program. This strongly suggests an organization/body (sense 1), not a meeting (sense 0/3).

 Also, while it's related to churches, it's not a doctrinal council (sense 2). Doctrinal councils don't typically run recruitment programs for bell ringers.

 Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: program
Target surface form: program
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's <t>program</t> to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program
3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show | synonyms=broadcast, programme | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | synonyms=platform, political platform, political program | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform; they won the election even though they offered no positive program
5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | synonyms=programme | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies | synonyms=course of study, programme, curriculum, syllabus | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | synonyms=programme, computer program, computer programme | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | synonyms=programme | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "program" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell ringing in churches
 - Mr. Baldwin is discussing issues with lack of ringers
 - "But the council's <t>program</t> to attract and train ringers is only partly successful"
 - The program is aimed at attracting and training ringers (bell ringers)

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=program%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=plan, programme
    - This is a general plan or scheme. Could fit, but let's see others.

 2. sense_key=program%1:09:01:: | definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | synonyms=programme
    - Examples: "he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program"
    - This seems to fit well. The council has a program (system of projects/services) to attract and train ringers to meet the public need of having bell ringers in churches.

 3. sense_key=program%1:10:01:: | definition=a radio or television show
    - Not relevant here. No mention of broadcasting.

 4. sense_key=program%1:10:04:: | definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party
    - Not relevant. Not political.

 5. sense_key=program%1:10:00:: | definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event
    - Not relevant. Not a playbill or event schedule.

 6. sense_key=program%1:10:05:: | definition=an integrated course of academic studies
    - Not relevant. Not an academic curriculum.

 7. sense_key=program%1:10:02:: | definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute
    - Not relevant. Not software.

 8. sense_key=program%1:04:00:: | definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation
    - Not relevant. Not a performance.

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

 Sense 1: "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished" - very general, synonymous with "plan"
 Sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" - more specific, synonymous with "programme" (British spelling noted in text), examples include public works, day care program.

 The context mentions "the council's program to attract and train ringers" - this is a systematic effort to address a public need (lack of bell ringers in churches). The examples for sense 2 include "day care program" and "public works" which are similar types of organized social services or initiatives.

 Also, the text uses British spelling ("programme" would be the British spelling for this sense, though "program" is used in the text for this specific meaning - wait, actually in British English, "program" is used for computer programs, while "programme" is used for other meanings. But here the text uses "program" for the bell ringing initiative. However, the WordNet entry shows "programme" as a synonym for sense 2.

 Actually, looking carefully: The text uses "program" (American spelling) but the context is British (Mr. Baldwin, England, vicars, parishes). In British English:
 - "program" = computer program
 - "programme" = TV show, plan, system of projects, etc.

 But the text uses "program" for the bell ringing initiative. This might be because it's being reported in an American publication or using American spelling conventions, or it's an error, or British English has become more flexible. But regardless, we need to look at the meaning.

 The key is: "the council's program to attract and train ringers"

 This is clearly a systematic initiative or service to meet a need (lack of ringers). This matches sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need".

 Sense 1 is more general - just a plan. While sense 2 is more specific to organized public services or social programs.

 The examples for sense 2: "he proposed an elaborate program of public works; working mothers rely on the day care program"

 The bell ringer training program is similar to a day care program or public works program - it's an organized service to meet a community need.

 Therefore, sense 2 (index 2) is the best choice.

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=program%1:09:00::
 2. sense_key=program%1:09:01::
 3. sense_key=program%1:10:01::
 4. sense_key=program%1:10:04::
 5. sense_key=program%1:10:00::
 6. sense_key=program%1:10:05::
 7. sense_key=program%1:10:02::
 8. sense_key=program%1:04:00::

 So sense 2 is program%1:09:01:: which is "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need".

 Yes, that fits best.

 Sense 1 is program%1:09:00:: "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished" - this is too generic. While the bell ringer initiative is indeed a series of steps, sense 2 captures the specific nature of it being a public service/system to meet a community need.

 Also, the context mentions it's "only partly successful" and discusses retention rates, which fits with the idea of an ongoing service or project system.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attract
Target surface form: attract
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to <t>attract</t> and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attract%2:35:00:: | definition=direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes | synonyms=pull, pull in, draw, draw in | examples=Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers
2. sense_key=attract%2:37:00:: | definition=be attractive to | synonyms=appeal | examples=The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people
3. sense_key=attract%2:35:01:: | definition=exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away | examples=the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "attract" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell ringing in churches in England
 - There's a problem with lack of ringers (only 40,000 out of 100,000 trained ringers still ring)
 - Ringers don't always live where bells need to be rung
 - "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful"

 The specific usage is: "the council's program to attract and train ringers"

 Now let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=attract%2:35:00::
    - definition: direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes
    - synonyms: pull, pull in, draw, draw in
    - examples: Her good looks attract the stares of many men; The ad pulled in many potential customers

 2. sense_key=attract%2:37:00::
    - definition: be attractive to
    - synonyms: appeal
    - examples: The idea of a vacation appeals to me; The beautiful garden attracted many people

 3. sense_key=attract%2:35:01::
    - definition: exert a force on (a body) causing it to approach or prevent it from moving away
    - examples: the gravitational pull of a planet attracts other bodies

 Analysis:
 - Sense 3 is about physical force (physics), which doesn't apply here since we're talking about attracting people (ringers) to a program.
 - Sense 2 is "be attractive to" - this is usually used as an intransitive verb with "to" (e.g., "appeals to me", "attracted many people"). The structure here is "program to attract ringers" - this is transitive.
 - Sense 1 is "direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes" - this fits the context of a program trying to get people to become ringers, to draw them in, to recruit them.

 The phrase "program to attract and train ringers" suggests an active effort to draw people in, to cause them to come toward the organization/church. This matches sense 1 better than sense 2.

 Sense 2 is more about the quality of being attractive (the idea appeals to me, the garden attracted people - meaning people were drawn to it because it was attractive). Sense 1 is more about the active drawing in or pulling in.

 Also, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1: "The ad pulled in many potential customers" - this is very similar to "program to attract ringers"
 - Sense 2: "The beautiful garden attracted many people" - this is about the garden being attractive, not an active program

 In the context, the council has a program - an active effort - to attract (draw in, recruit) ringers. This aligns with sense 1.

 Wait, let me reconsider sense 2. "The beautiful garden attracted many people" - this is transitive usage too. But the distinction is subtle.

 Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet:
 - Sense 1 (attract%2:35:00::) is typically the causative sense - to cause to approach, to draw in
 - Sense 2 (attract%2:37:00::) is "be attractive to" - which is similar but focuses on the quality of being appealing

 In "program to attract ringers", the program is actively trying to get ringers to join. This is similar to "The ad pulled in many potential customers" (sense 1 example).

 Also, looking at the hypernyms might help:
 - Sense 1 hypernyms likely involve pulling/drawing
 - Sense 2 hypernyms likely involve appealing/pleasing

 The context mentions: "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10" - this suggests recruitment/retention, which fits with sense 1 (drawing people in).

 I think sense 1 is the correct choice.

 Actually, let me double-check by looking at typical usage patterns:
 - Sense 2 examples: "The idea of a vacation appeals to me" (intransitive with to), "The beautiful garden attracted many people" (transitive)
 - Sense 1 examples: "Her good looks attract the stares of many men" (transitive), "The ad pulled in many potential customers"

 Both senses can be transitive. The difference is:
 - Sense 1: to cause to approach or be directed toward something (often used with ads, magnets, gravity in physics sense but here psychology)
 - Sense 2: to be pleasing or appealing to (but used transitively)

 Actually, looking at the definitions again:
 Sense 2: "be attractive to" - this is actually intransitive in structure (be attractive to someone), but used transitively in the example "The beautiful garden attracted many people" (the garden is the subject, people are the object).

 But wait, in "the council's program to attract ringers", the council is trying to make the activity appealing to get ringers.

 Hmm, this is subtle. Let me think about the distinction between "attract" in the sense of "draw in/recruit" vs "attract" in the sense of "appeal to".

 Actually, looking at the examples:
 Sense 1: "Her good looks attract the stares of many men" - here, the looks cause the stares to be directed toward her.
 "The ad pulled in many potential customers" - the ad caused customers to come in.

 Sense 2: "The beautiful garden attracted many people" - the garden caused people to come to it because they liked it.

 The difference is very subtle. But in WSD, usually:
 - Sense 1 is the more general "draw/pull toward" sense
 - Sense 2 is specifically about being attractive/appealing

 But looking at the synsets:
 - Sense 1: pull, pull in, draw, draw in
 - Sense 2: appeal

 The presence of "appeal" in sense 2 suggests it's about the quality of being attractive/appealing, whereas sense 1 is about the mechanics of drawing in.

 In the context "program to attract and train ringers", this is clearly about recruitment - actively trying to get people to become ringers. This is more like sense 1 (pulling/drawing in) than sense 2 (being appealing, though it involves being appealing).

 Also, sense 2 usually goes with "to" when used intransitively (appeals to me), or when transitive, the subject is the attractive thing (the garden). Here, the subject is "program", which is an organized effort to get people.

 Actually, looking carefully: "program to attract ringers" - the program is designed to attract ringers. Is the program itself attractive? Or is it actively drawing them in?

 I think sense 1 is still better because:
 1. It parallels the example "The ad pulled in many potential customers" - an ad is similar to a program in this context (both are efforts to get people)
 2. Sense 2 is more about inherent attractiveness (like a garden), while sense 1 can include active efforts (like ads)

 Also, if we look at the WordNet hierarchy:
 - Sense 1 is under "pull, draw" (physical or metaphorical pulling)
 - Sense 2 is under "please" or similar (appealing)

 The context is about solving a recruitment problem ("lack of ringers"), so "attract" here means "recruit" or "draw in", which is sense 1.

 Wait, I should verify the sense indices. The user listed:
 1. sense_key=attract%2:35:00::
 2. sense_key=attract%2:37:00::
 3. sense_key=attract%2:35:01::

 So sense 1 is 2:35:00, sense 2 is 2:37:00, sense 3 is 2:35:01.

 In WordNet:
 - attract.v.01 is usually "direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes" (the general sense)
 - attract.v.02 is usually "be attractive to"
 - attract.v.03 is the physics sense

 Actually, checking WordNet structure (from my knowledge):
 - attract%2:35:00:: is the first verb sense (draw toward)
 - attract%2:37:00:: is the second verb sense (appeal to)
 - attract%2:35:01:: is the third verb sense (physics)

 So my analysis holds.

 Final check: "program to attract and train ringers"
 - Is this about the program being attractive to ringers? (sense 2)
 - Or about the program drawing/pulling in ringers? (sense 1)

 The phrase "attract and train" suggests a sequence: first you attract (get them to come), then you train them. This is recruitment. The examples for sense 1 include "The ad pulled in many potential customers" which is exactly this meaning - marketing/recruiting to get people to come.

 The examples for sense 2 include "The beautiful garden attracted many people" - this is about tourists being drawn to a place because it's pretty. While similar, the council's program is an active recruitment effort, not just passively being attractive.

 Also, if it were sense 2, we might expect phrasing like "the program is attractive to potential ringers" or "the program appeals to ringers". But here we have an active infinitive "to attract", suggesting the program's purpose is to perform the action of drawing people in.

 I choose sense 1 (index 1).

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: train
Target surface form: train
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and <t>train</t> ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=train%2:31:01:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=develop, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
2. sense_key=train%2:31:00:: | definition=undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession | synonyms=prepare | examples=She is training to be a teacher; He trained as a legal aid
3. sense_key=train%2:41:02:: | definition=develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control | synonyms=discipline, check, condition | examples=Parents must discipline their children; Is this dog trained?
4. sense_key=train%2:41:00:: | definition=educate for a future role or function | synonyms=prepare, groom | examples=He is grooming his son to become his successor; The prince was prepared to become King one day
5. sense_key=train%2:41:01:: | definition=teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment | synonyms=educate, school, cultivate, civilize, civilise | examples=Cultivate your musical taste; Train your tastebuds
6. sense_key=train%2:33:00:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, take, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
7. sense_key=train%2:32:00:: | definition=teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports | synonyms=coach | examples=He is training our Olympic team; She is coaching the crew
8. sense_key=train%2:29:00:: | definition=exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition | examples=She is training for the Olympics
9. sense_key=train%2:41:03:: | definition=cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it | examples=train the vine
10. sense_key=train%2:38:00:: | definition=travel by rail or train | synonyms=rail | examples=They railed from Rome to Venice; She trained to Hamburg
11. sense_key=train%2:35:04:: | definition=drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground | synonyms=trail | examples=The toddler was trailing his pants; She trained her long scarf behind her

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "train" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell ringing in churches
 - It mentions a lack of ringers
 - It says "the council's program to attract and <t>train</t> ringers"
 - The goal is to teach people to become bell ringers
 - It's about teaching/developing skills in people so they can perform the role of bell ringer

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=train%2:31:01:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=develop, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
    - This seems to fit: teaching/developing skills in people (bell ringers)

 2. sense_key=train%2:31:00:: | definition=undergo training or instruction in preparation for a particular role, function, or profession | synonyms=prepare | examples=She is training to be a teacher; He trained as a legal aid
    - This is about the person undergoing training (intransitive), but here "train" is used transitively with "ringers" as the object: "train ringers"

 3. sense_key=train%2:41:02:: | definition=develop (children's) behavior by instruction and practice; especially to teach self-control | synonyms=discipline, check, condition | examples=Parents must discipline their children; Is this dog trained?
    - This is about discipline/behavior modification, not teaching a skill like bell ringing

 4. sense_key=train%2:41:00:: | definition=educate for a future role or function | synonyms=prepare, groom | examples=He is grooming his son to become his successor; The prince was prepared to become King one day
    - This is about preparing someone for a future role. This could fit, but it's more about grooming for a specific position/succession.

 5. sense_key=train%2:41:01:: | definition=teach or refine to be discriminative in taste or judgment | synonyms=educate, school, cultivate, civilize, civilise | examples=Cultivate your musical taste; Train your tastebuds
    - This is about taste/judgment, not bell ringing skills

 6. sense_key=train%2:33:00:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, take, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
    - This is about aiming, not relevant here

 7. sense_key=train%2:32:00:: | definition=teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports | synonyms=coach | examples=He is training our Olympic team; She is coaching the crew
    - This is about coaching/teaching. This could fit: "train ringers" = teach and supervise ringers.

 8. sense_key=train%2:29:00:: | definition=exercise in order to prepare for an event or competition | examples=She is training for the Olympics
    - This is intransitive - the person training themselves. But here we have "train ringers" (transitive)

 9. sense_key=train%2:41:03:: | definition=cause to grow in a certain way by tying and pruning it | examples=train the vine
    - This is for plants, not people

 10. sense_key=train%2:38:00:: | definition=travel by rail or train | synonyms=rail | examples=They railed from Rome to Venice; She trained to Hamburg
     - This is about transportation, not relevant

 11. sense_key=train%2:35:04:: | definition=drag loosely along a surface; allow to sweep the ground | synonyms=trail | examples=The toddler was trailing his pants; She trained her long scarf behind her
     - This is about dragging, not relevant

 So the main contenders are:
 - Sense 1: create by training and teaching (develop, prepare, educate)
 - Sense 4: educate for a future role or function (prepare, groom)
 - Sense 7: teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach

 Let me look more carefully at the differences:

 Sense 1 (train%2:31:01::): "create by training and teaching" - examples: "The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future"
 Sense 4 (train%2:41:00::): "educate for a future role or function" - examples: "He is grooming his son to become his successor; The prince was prepared to become King one day"
 Sense 7 (train%2:32:00::): "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports" - examples: "He is training our Olympic team; She is coaching the crew"

 The context: "the council's program to attract and train ringers"

 This is about teaching people to become bell ringers. It's about developing the skill of bell ringing in people.

 Sense 1 seems to emphasize "creating" skilled people through teaching.
 Sense 7 emphasizes the coaching/supervising aspect, often in sports.
 Sense 4 emphasizes preparing for a future role (succession, grooming).

 In the context of bell ringers, they are teaching people the skill of bell ringing. This is most similar to "The old master is training world-class violinists" (Sense 1) or "He is training our Olympic team" (Sense 7).

 However, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
 - Sense 1 is under verb.communication (2:31)
 - Sense 7 is under verb.social (2:32)
 - Sense 4 is under verb.social (2:41)

 Actually, looking at the sense keys:
 - train%2:31:01:: - this is the "create by training and teaching" sense
 - train%2:32:00:: - this is the "teach and supervise" sense (coach)
 - train%2:41:00:: - this is the "educate for a future role" sense

 The example for Sense 1: "The old master is training world-class violinists" - this is exactly parallel to training bell ringers (musicians/performers).

 The example for Sense 7: "He is training our Olympic team; She is coaching the crew" - this is also similar, but emphasizes the coaching aspect.

 However, looking at the definition of Sense 7: "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports". Bell ringing isn't really a sport, though it is a skill.

 Sense 1: "create by training and teaching" - this is broader and fits well with teaching people to ring bells.

 Also, looking at the context: "train ringers" - the ringers are the ones being taught. This is transitive.

 Sense 2 is intransitive ("undergo training"), so that's out.

 Between Sense 1 and Sense 7:
 - Sense 1 synonyms: develop, prepare, educate
 - Sense 7 synonyms: coach

 The context mentions "the council's program to attract and train ringers". This is about developing/educating ringers, not necessarily coaching them in a sports sense.

 Also, the earlier sentence mentions "100,000 trained bellringers" - this uses "trained" as an adjective describing bellringers who have been taught the skill.

 I think Sense 1 is the best fit: "create by training and teaching" - the council is creating/training new bell ringers by teaching them.

 Wait, let me double-check Sense 4: "educate for a future role or function" with synonyms "prepare, groom". The examples are about succession ("grooming his son to become his successor", "prepared to become King"). This seems more about preparing someone for a specific position or role in an organizational hierarchy, rather than teaching a skill to volunteers.

 Sense 7 is specifically about coaching in sports: "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports". Bell ringing is not a sport.

 Sense 1: "create by training and teaching" - this is the most general and appropriate for teaching people a skill like bell ringing.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet definitions more carefully:
 - Sense 1 (train%2:31:01::) is "create by training and teaching"
 - Sense 7 (train%2:32:00::) is "teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports"

 The key difference is that Sense 7 specifies "as in sports", while Sense 1 is more general. Since bell ringing is not a sport (though it is a physical activity), Sense 1 is better.

 Also, the example for Sense 1: "The old master is training world-class violinists" is very analogous to training bell ringers - both are musical/artisan skills.

 Therefore, the best sense is Sense 1.

 Wait, I should check if there's any other sense that might fit better.

 Sense 3 is about discipline/behavior (children, dogs).
 Sense 5 is about taste/judgment.
 Sense 8 is intransitive (exercise to prepare for competition).

 So yes, Sense 1 is the best choice.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train <t>ringers</t> is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "ringers" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell ringing in churches
 - It mentions "bell ringing", "bellringers", "trained bellringers"
 - It talks about "lack of ringers"
 - It mentions "attract and train ringers"
 - It mentions keeping "one new ringer out of 10"
 - The context is clearly about people who ring church bells

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
    - This matches perfectly with the context about church bells, bell ringing, and people who ring bells.

 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
    - This is about look-alikes, not relevant to the context.

 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
    - This is about impostors in competitions, not relevant.

 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
    - This is about a horseshoe game, not relevant.

 The context clearly discusses:
 - Bell ringing at theological colleges
 - Church bells ("The Bells in Your Care")
 - Trained bellringers
 - Lack of people to ring bells
 - Training new ringers

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)"

 The user wants the output as JSON: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02::
 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01::
 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00::
 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00::

 So the first one is index 1.

 Actually, looking carefully at the WordNet sense keys:
 - ringer%1:18:02:: is the church bell ringer sense
 - ringer%1:18:01:: is the dead ringer/look-alike sense
 - ringer%1:18:00:: is the impostor/contestant sense
 - ringer%1:04:00:: is the horseshoes sense

 The context is definitely about church bell ringers. The text mentions "bell ringing", "bellringers", "trained bellringers", and discusses the shortage of people to ring church bells.

 So the answer is sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is <t>only</t> partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "only" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "But the council's program to attract and train ringers is <t>only</t> partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin."

 The sentence means that the program is successful, but not completely - it's merely or simply partly successful, not fully successful.

 Let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
    - This seems to fit. "Only partly successful" means "merely partly successful" or "simply partly successful" - emphasizing the limitation.

 2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
    - This would mean "exclusively partly successful" which doesn't make sense. "Only" here means "solely" or "exclusively" in the sense of being the one thing, but the context is about degree/extent ("partly successful"), not exclusivity.

 3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
    - This is the "only to" construction indicating an unfortunate or unexpected result. Not applicable here.

 4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
    - This suggests inevitability or final outcome. Not fitting here.

 5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
    - This is used as a conjunction meaning "but" or "except". Not fitting here.

 6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
    - This is conditional. Not fitting.

 7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago
    - Temporal meaning. Not fitting.

 So sense 1 is the best fit: "and nothing more" / "merely" / "simply".

 The phrase "only partly successful" means "merely partly successful" or "simply partly successful" - indicating that the success is limited, nothing more than partial.

 This matches definition 1: "and nothing more" with synonyms "merely, simply, just".

 The sense index would be 1 (since the senses are numbered 1-7 in the list provided).

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices:
 1. only%4:02:02::
 2. only%4:02:01::
 3. only%4:02:00::
 4. only%4:02:04::
 5. only%4:02:06::
 6. only%4:02:03::
 7. only%4:02:05::

 The indices in the candidate list are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. The question asks for "sense_index" which should correspond to the position in the candidate list (1-indexed).

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me verify:
 - "only partly successful" = "merely partly successful" or "simply partly successful"
 - This restricts the extent of the success
 - Sense 1: "and nothing more" - fits perfectly
 - Sense 2: "without any others being included or involved" - would mean "exclusively partly successful" which is contradictory and doesn't fit
 - The other senses are clearly wrong for this context

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.