[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: send
Target surface form: sent
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire <t>sent</t> an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=send%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to go somewhere | synonyms=direct | examples=The explosion sent the car flying in the air; She sent her children to camp
2. sense_key=send%2:35:00:: | definition=to cause or order to be taken, directed, or transmitted to another place | synonyms=send out | examples=He had sent the dispatches downtown to the proper people and had slept
3. sense_key=send%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to be directed or transmitted to another place | synonyms=mail, post | examples=send me your latest results; I'll mail you the paper when it's written
4. sense_key=send%2:38:00:: | definition=transport commercially | synonyms=transport, ship
5. sense_key=send%2:33:00:: | definition=assign to a station | synonyms=station, post, place
6. sense_key=send%2:32:02:: | definition=transfer | synonyms=get off, send off | examples=The spy sent the classified information off to Russia
7. sense_key=send%2:40:00:: | definition=cause to be admitted; of persons to an institution | synonyms=commit, institutionalize, institutionalise, charge | examples=After the second episode, she had to be committed; he was committed to prison
8. sense_key=send%2:32:03:: | definition=broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television | synonyms=air, broadcast, beam, transmit | examples=We cannot air this X-rated song

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "sent" (lemma: send) in the given context.

Context analysis:
"Then the auto paint shop fire <t>sent</t> an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air."

The sentence describes a fire causing a cloud of black smoke to go into the air. The fire is the agent, the smoke is the object being moved, and "into the air" indicates the direction/destination.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=send%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to go somewhere | synonyms=direct | examples=The explosion sent the car flying in the air; She sent her children to camp
   - This seems very relevant. The example "The explosion sent the car flying in the air" is structurally similar to "the fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air". Both involve a force/event causing something to move in a direction.

2. sense_key=send%2:35:00:: | definition=to cause or order to be taken, directed, or transmitted to another place | synonyms=send out | examples=He had sent the dispatches downtown to the proper people and had slept
   - This seems more about ordering/directing someone to transmit something, or sending dispatches. Less about physical propulsion.

3. sense_key=send%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to be directed or transmitted to another place | synonyms=mail, post | examples=send me your latest results; I'll mail you the paper when it's written
   - This is about mailing/posting, communication. Not relevant to smoke.

4. sense_key=send%2:38:00:: | definition=transport commercially | synonyms=transport, ship
   - Commercial transport. Not relevant.

5. sense_key=send%2:33:00:: | definition=assign to a station | synonyms=station, post, place
   - Assigning people to positions. Not relevant.

6. sense_key=send%2:32:02:: | definition=transfer | synonyms=get off, send off | examples=The spy sent the classified information off to Russia
   - Transferring information. Not quite right for smoke.

7. sense_key=send%2:40:00:: | definition=cause to be admitted; of persons to an institution | synonyms=commit, institutionalize, institutionalise, charge | examples=After the second episode, she had to be committed; he was committed to prison
   - Committing to institution. Not relevant.

8. sense_key=send%2:32:03:: | definition=broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television | synonyms=air, broadcast, beam, transmit | examples=We cannot air this X-rated song
   - Broadcasting. Not relevant.

Sense 1 looks like the best match. The definition "cause to go somewhere" fits perfectly - the fire caused the smoke to go into the air. The example "The explosion sent the car flying in the air" is almost identical in structure and meaning to the target sentence.

The index for sense 1 is: send%2:38:01::

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user asks for "sense_index". Looking at the format:
1. sense_key=send%2:38:01::
2. sense_key=send%2:35:00::
3. sense_key=send%2:32:00::
4. sense_key=send%2:38:00::
5. sense_key=send%2:33:00::
6. sense_key=send%2:32:02::
7. sense_key=send%2:40:00::
8. sense_key=send%2:32:03::

So the indices are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

Sense 1 is the best match.

Let me double-check sense 2: "to cause or order to be taken, directed, or transmitted to another place". This could potentially fit, but it's more about ordering/directing (agentive sending by a person), whereas sense 1 is more about causing something to go somewhere (physical causation). The fire doesn't "order" the smoke to go somewhere; it physically propels it.

Sense 1's example "The explosion sent the car flying in the air" confirms this is the right sense for physical causation of movement.

Therefore, the answer is sense_index: 1.

Wait, I should verify the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the numbering correctly. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=send%2:38:01::
2. sense_key=send%2:35:00::
...

So the index is simply the number in the list: 1, 2, 3, etc.

The target is "sent" which is past tense of "send".

Yes, sense 1 is correct.

One final check: Could sense 8 (broadcast) work? "sent an evil-looking cloud... into the air" - no, that's not broadcasting. Broadcasting is for signals/media.

Could sense 6 (transfer) work? "sent the classified information" - no, smoke isn't information being transferred in that sense.

Could sense 4 (transport commercially) work? No.

Sense 1 is definitely the correct choice.

The JSON output should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cloud
Target surface form: cloud
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking <t>cloud</t> of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cloud%1:19:01:: | definition=any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible
2. sense_key=cloud%1:17:00:: | definition=a visible mass of water or ice particles suspended at a considerable altitude
3. sense_key=cloud%1:26:01:: | definition=out of touch with reality | examples=his head was in the clouds
4. sense_key=cloud%1:26:02:: | definition=a cause of worry or gloom or trouble | examples=the only cloud on the horizon was the possibility of dissent by the French
5. sense_key=cloud%1:26:00:: | definition=suspicion affecting your reputation | examples=after that mistake he was under a cloud
6. sense_key=cloud%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of many things in the air or on the ground | synonyms=swarm | examples=a swarm of insects obscured the light; clouds of blossoms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "cloud" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- "Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking <t>cloud</t> of black smoke into the air."
- This describes smoke from a fire
- The smoke is described as a "cloud" of black smoke
- It's physical, visible, in the air

Candidate sense analysis:
1. sense_key=cloud%1:19:01:: - any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible
2. sense_key=cloud%1:17:00:: - a visible mass of water or ice particles suspended at a considerable altitude
3. sense_key=cloud%1:26:01:: - out of touch with reality (figurative)
4. sense_key=cloud%1:26:02:: - a cause of worry or gloom or trouble (figurative)
5. sense_key=cloud%1:26:00:: - suspicion affecting your reputation (figurative)
6. sense_key=cloud%1:14:00:: - a group of many things in the air or on the ground (swarm)

The context clearly refers to smoke from a fire. Smoke is specifically mentioned in sense 1: "any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible".

Sense 2 refers to water/ice particles (meteorological clouds), not smoke.

Sense 1 specifically mentions smoke as an example: "(e.g., smoke or dust)".

Sense 6 mentions "swarm" and "clouds of blossoms" - this is about a group/cluster of things, but here we have smoke which is a collection of particles/gases.

The phrase "cloud of black smoke" is a common collocation where "cloud" means a visible collection of particles (smoke).

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

The index is 1.

Wait, I need to check the format. The user says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I should return {"sense_index": 1} since sense 1 is the best match.

Let me verify the sense indices:
- The candidates are numbered 1-6 in the list provided.
- Sense 1: cloud%1:19:01:: - particles/smoke/dust
- Sense 2: cloud%1:17:00:: - water/ice
- Sense 3: cloud%1:26:01:: - out of touch with reality
- Sense 4: cloud%1:26:02:: - cause of worry
- Sense 5: cloud%1:26:00:: - suspicion
- Sense 6: cloud%1:14:00:: - swarm/group

Yes, the first one is index 1.

The context is literally about smoke from a fire. "an evil-looking cloud of black smoke" - this is clearly sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DigitalOcean

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: black
Target surface form: black
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of <t>black</t> smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=black%3:00:01:: | definition=being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light | examples=black leather jackets; as black as coal
2. sense_key=black%3:00:02:: | definition=of or belonging to a racial group having dark skin especially of sub-Saharan African origin; - Martin Luther King Jr. | examples=a great people--a black people--...injected new meaning and dignity into the veins of civilization
3. sense_key=black%5:00:00:angry:00 | definition=marked by anger or resentment or hostility | examples=black looks; black words
4. sense_key=black%5:00:00:hopeless:00 | definition=offering little or no hope; ; ; - J.M.Synge | synonyms=bleak, dim | examples=the future looked black; prospects were bleak
5. sense_key=black%5:00:00:evil:00 | definition=stemming from evil characteristics or forces; wicked or dishonorable; ; ; ; ; ; ; -Thomas Hardy | synonyms=dark, sinister | examples=black deeds; a black lie
6. sense_key=black%5:00:00:unfortunate:00 | definition=(of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire consequences; bringing ruin; ; ; ; - Charles Darwin; - Douglas MacArthur | synonyms=calamitous, disastrous, fatal, fateful | examples=the stock market crashed on Black Friday; a calamitous defeat
7. sense_key=black%5:00:00:colored:00 | definition=(of the face) made black especially as with suffused blood | synonyms=blackened | examples=a face black with fury
8. sense_key=black%5:00:00:dark:01 | definition=extremely dark | synonyms=pitch-black, pitch-dark | examples=a black moonless night; through the pitch-black woods
9. sense_key=black%5:00:00:sarcastic:00 | definition=harshly ironic or sinister | synonyms=grim, mordant | examples=black humor; a grim joke
10. sense_key=black%5:00:00:covert:00 | definition=(of intelligence operations) deliberately misleading | examples=black propaganda
11. sense_key=black%5:00:00:illegal:00 | definition=distributed or sold illicitly | synonyms=bootleg, black-market, contraband, smuggled | examples=the black economy pays no taxes
12. sense_key=black%5:00:00:dishonorable:00 | definition=(used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame; - Rachel Carson | synonyms=disgraceful, ignominious, inglorious, opprobrious, shameful | examples=Man...has written one of his blackest records as a destroyer on the oceanic islands; an ignominious retreat
13. sense_key=black%5:00:00:undiluted:00 | definition=(of coffee) without cream or sugar
14. sense_key=black%5:00:00:dirty:01 | definition=soiled with dirt or soot | synonyms=smutty | examples=with feet black from playing outdoors; his shirt was black within an hour

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "black" in the given context.

Context: "Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of <t>black</t> smoke into the air."

The target word "black" modifies "smoke". The smoke is described as coming from an auto paint shop fire and is "evil-looking".

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. black%3:00:01:: - achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue. Examples: black leather jackets; as black as coal. This is the basic color sense. Smoke from a fire is typically black (dark, achromatic). This seems very plausible.

2. black%3:00:02:: - racial group. Not relevant here.

3. black%5:00:00:angry:00 - marked by anger. "black looks". Not relevant for smoke.

4. black%5:00:00:hopeless:00 - offering little hope. "the future looked black". Not for physical smoke.

5. black%5:00:00:evil:00 - stemming from evil characteristics. "black deeds". While the smoke is described as "evil-looking", the word "black" here is likely describing the color of the smoke, not attributing evil to it directly. The "evil-looking" describes the cloud, and "black" describes its color.

6. black%5:00:00:unfortunate:00 - dire consequences. "Black Friday". Not relevant.

7. black%5:00:00:colored:00 - face made black with suffused blood. Not relevant.

8. black%5:00:00:dark:01 - extremely dark. "pitch-black". This is close to sense 1. But sense 1 is the basic color sense (achromatic). Sense 8 is specifically "extremely dark". Smoke from a fire is black in the achromatic sense. But is it "extremely dark"? The examples are "a black moonless night; through the pitch-black woods". This sense seems to emphasize darkness (lack of light). Smoke is black (color).

9. black%5:00:00:sarcastic:00 - black humor. Not relevant.

10. black%5:00:00:covert:00 - intelligence operations. Not relevant.

11. black%5:00:00:illegal:00 - black market. Not relevant.

12. black%5:00:00:dishonorable:00 - disgraceful. Not relevant.

13. black%5:00:00:undiluted:00 - coffee. Not relevant.

14. black%5:00:00:dirty:01 - soiled with dirt or soot. "with feet black from playing outdoors". This could be relevant because smoke contains soot. But the primary description of smoke from a fire is its color.

Now, between sense 1 and sense 8 and sense 14.

Sense 1: "being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light" - examples: black leather jackets; as black as coal.

Sense 8: "extremely dark" - synonyms: pitch-black, pitch-dark. examples: a black moonless night; through the pitch-black woods.

Sense 14: "soiled with dirt or soot" - examples: with feet black from playing outdoors.

In the context: "cloud of black smoke". This is a very common collocation. "Black smoke" refers to smoke that is dark in color, typically from burning materials. The question is whether this is sense 1 (color), sense 8 (dark), or sense 14 (dirty/sooty).

WordNet often distinguishes these. Let me think about how "black smoke" is typically annotated.

"Black smoke" is usually sense 1 (the color). It's literally the achromatic color. Sense 14 is more about being soiled (e.g., feet black from playing outdoors, his shirt was black within an hour). That sense implies something became black due to dirt/soot accumulation. But smoke *is* inherently black (or dark) due to particles.

Sense 8 is "extremely dark". The examples suggest it's about absence of light (moonless night, pitch-black woods). Smoke is not "extremely dark" in the sense of absence of light; it's a cloud that has a black color.

Also, the phrase "black smoke" is a standard color descriptor. The fire sent a cloud of smoke that is black (achromatic color). The "evil-looking" might tempt one toward sense 5 (evil), but that's modifying "cloud", not "black". The structure is "evil-looking cloud of black smoke". So "black" modifies "smoke".

I should check if there's any specific WordNet treatment. In WordNet 3.0/3.1, "black" as a color (adjective) is likely sense 1. The "dirty" sense (14) is a satellite of "dirty" (soiled). The "extremely dark" sense (8) is a satellite of "dark".

But looking at the examples for sense 1: "black leather jackets; as black as coal". Coal is relevant because smoke from burning is black like coal.

Wait, the prompt says "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."

Context: auto paint shop fire. Smoke from a fire. "evil-looking cloud of black smoke".

Sense 1: achromatic color. This fits perfectly. Smoke has a color.

Sense 14: soiled with dirt or soot. Smoke is soot, but "black smoke" is not typically interpreted as "smoke that is soiled with soot"; rather the smoke *consists* of soot and is black in color. The example "his shirt was black within an hour" suggests something becoming covered in black dirt/soot. The smoke itself is not "soiled"; it is the pollutant.

Sense 8: extremely dark. This is more about illumination. "a black moonless night" means no light. Smoke is opaque and dark, but "black smoke" is primarily a color term.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice.

But let me reconsider sense 5: "stemming from evil characteristics... black deeds". The cloud is described as "evil-looking". Could "black smoke" be interpreted as "evil smoke"? The phrase is "evil-looking cloud of black smoke". The "evil-looking" is separate. If the text said "an evil black smoke", maybe. But "evil-looking cloud" describes the appearance of the cloud. The blackness is a separate physical property. Also, sense 5 examples are "black deeds; a black lie", which are abstract. Smoke is physical.

So sense 1 is definitely the best.

Double-check: Is there any chance it's sense 14? "soiled with dirt or soot". The smoke is literally soot. But WordNet's sense 14 is defined as "soiled with dirt or soot" and synonyms include "smutty". The examples are about feet and shirt becoming black. This is a resultative or stative adjective describing a surface covered in dirt. Smoke is not a surface that is soiled; it is a mass of particles that are black. So no.

Sense 8: "extremely dark". The smoke is dark, but "black" as a color is more precise. The examples for sense 8 are about environments without light. Smoke does absorb light, but the primary reading is color.

Thus, the answer is sense_index: 1.

Wait, I need to make sure about the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=...
2. sense_key=...
...
So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me re-read the instruction: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So final output: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: smoke
Target surface form: smoke
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black <t>smoke</t> into the air. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=smoke%1:19:00:: | definition=a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas | synonyms=fume
2. sense_key=smoke%1:22:00:: | definition=a hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion | synonyms=smoking | examples=the fire produced a tower of black smoke that could be seen for miles
3. sense_key=smoke%1:10:00:: | definition=an indication of some hidden activity | examples=with all that smoke there must be a fire somewhere
4. sense_key=smoke%1:07:00:: | definition=something with no concrete substance | examples=his dreams all turned to smoke; it was just smoke and mirrors
5. sense_key=smoke%1:06:00:: | definition=tobacco leaves that have been made into a cylinder | synonyms=roll of tobacco
6. sense_key=smoke%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for marijuana | synonyms=pot, grass, green goddess, dope, weed, gage
7. sense_key=smoke%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of smoking tobacco or other substances | synonyms=smoking | examples=he went outside for a smoke; smoking stinks
8. sense_key=smoke%1:04:02:: | definition=(baseball) a pitch thrown with maximum velocity | synonyms=fastball, heater, hummer, bullet | examples=he swung late on the fastball; he showed batters nothing but smoke

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "smoke" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- "12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black <t>smoke</t> into the air. 12:07 a.m."

Key elements:
- "auto paint shop fire" - indicates a fire/combustion event
- "evil-looking cloud of black smoke" - describes the physical emission from the fire
- "into the air" - describes where it went

Candidate sense analysis:

1. sense_key=smoke%1:19:00:: | definition=a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas | synonyms=fume
   - This is a general definition of smoke as particles in gas. Could fit.

2. sense_key=smoke%1:22:00:: | definition=a hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion | synonyms=smoking | examples=the fire produced a tower of black smoke that could be seen for miles
   - This specifically mentions combustion/fire.
   - The example mentions "the fire produced a tower of black smoke" which matches our context almost exactly ("auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke").
   - This is specifically about smoke produced by combustion.

3. sense_key=smoke%1:10:00:: | definition=an indication of some hidden activity | examples=with all that smoke there must be a fire somewhere
   - This is metaphorical ("where there's smoke there's fire"). Not literal smoke in the context.

4. sense_key=smoke%1:07:00:: | definition=something with no concrete substance | examples=his dreams all turned to smoke; it was just smoke and mirrors
   - Metaphorical/abstract sense. Not applicable here.

5. sense_key=smoke%1:06:00:: | definition=tobacco leaves that have been made into a cylinder | synonyms=roll of tobacco
   - Physical cigarette/cigar. Not applicable.

6. sense_key=smoke%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for marijuana | synonyms=pot, grass...
   - Drug slang. Not applicable.

7. sense_key=smoke%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of smoking tobacco or other substances | synonyms=smoking | examples=he went outside for a smoke; smoking stinks
   - The act of smoking or a cigarette break. Not applicable.

8. sense_key=smoke%1:04:02:: | definition=(baseball) a pitch thrown with maximum velocity | synonyms=fastball...
   - Baseball term. Not applicable.

Comparison between sense 1 and sense 2:
- Sense 1 (smoke%1:19:00::): "a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas" - This is a substance/entity sense (noun.artifact or noun.substance?). It's more general.
- Sense 2 (smoke%1:22:00::): "a hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion" - This is specifically about smoke from combustion.

The context explicitly mentions "auto paint shop fire" and describes the smoke as coming from that fire. The example for sense 2 is "the fire produced a tower of black smoke that could be seen for miles" which is extremely similar to our context.

Sense 2 seems to be the most specific and accurate. The smoke in the context is specifically from a fire (combustion), and is described as a "cloud of black smoke" which matches the carbon particles mentioned in sense 2.

Sense 1 is more general (could be any particles in gas, like dust, fog, etc.), but sense 2 specifically captures the combustion aspect which is crucial here.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 2 (index 2).

Wait, let me check the sense indices. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=smoke%1:19:00::
2. sense_key=smoke%1:22:00::
3. sense_key=smoke%1:10:00::
4. sense_key=smoke%1:07:00::
5. sense_key=smoke%1:06:00::
6. sense_key=smoke%1:06:01::
7. sense_key=smoke%1:04:00::
8. sense_key=smoke%1:04:02::

So the index for "a hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion" is 2.

The output should be: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: air
Target surface form: air
Context:
12:06 a.m. HRH: I was in the Berkeley Main library when it hit. Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the <t>air</t>. 12:07 a.m.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=air%1:27:00:: | definition=a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of | examples=air pollution; a smell of chemicals in the air
2. sense_key=air%1:15:00:: | definition=the region above the ground | examples=her hand stopped in mid air; he threw the ball into the air
3. sense_key=air%1:07:00:: | definition=a distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing | synonyms=aura, atmosphere | examples=an air of mystery; the house had a neglected air
4. sense_key=air%1:19:00:: | definition=a slight wind (usually refreshing) | synonyms=breeze, zephyr, gentle wind | examples=the breeze was cooled by the lake; as he waited he could feel the air on his neck
5. sense_key=air%1:15:01:: | definition=the mass of air surrounding the Earth | synonyms=atmosphere | examples=there was great heat as the comet entered the atmosphere; it was exposed to the air
6. sense_key=air%1:27:01:: | definition=once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
7. sense_key=air%1:10:01:: | definition=a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence | synonyms=tune, melody, strain, melodic line, line, melodic phrase | examples=she was humming an air from Beethoven
8. sense_key=air%1:10:02:: | definition=medium for radio and television broadcasting | synonyms=airwave | examples=the program was on the air from 9 til midnight; the president used the airwaves to take his message to the people
9. sense_key=air%1:04:00:: | definition=travel via aircraft | synonyms=air travel, aviation | examples=air travel involves too much waiting in airports; if you've time to spare go by air

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "air" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- "Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the <t>air</t>."
- This describes smoke from a fire going up into the sky/atmosphere above the ground.

Candidate sense analysis:
1. air%1:27:00:: - mixture of gases for breathing; stuff wind consists of
   - While smoke mixes with air, this seems more focused on the composition/breathing aspect.

2. air%1:15:00:: - the region above the ground
   - Examples: "her hand stopped in mid air", "he threw the ball into the air"
   - This fits well: smoke going into the region above the ground.

3. air%1:07:00:: - distinctive intangible quality (aura, atmosphere)
   - Not relevant here; we're talking about physical smoke.

4. air%1:19:00:: - slight wind/breeze
   - Not relevant; smoke isn't going into a breeze specifically.

5. air%1:15:01:: - the mass of air surrounding the Earth (atmosphere)
   - Examples: "comet entered the atmosphere", "exposed to the air"
   - This could work too - smoke going into the atmosphere.

6. air%1:27:01:: - one of four elements (Empedocles)
   - Too archaic/philosophical for this context.

7. air%1:10:01:: - musical tune
   - Not relevant.

8. air%1:10:02:: - radio/television broadcasting
   - Not relevant.

9. air%1:04:00:: - travel via aircraft
   - Not relevant.

Between sense 2 (region above ground) and sense 5 (mass of air surrounding Earth):
- Sense 2 examples: "mid air", "threw the ball into the air" - these suggest the space above ground level.
- Sense 5 examples: "entered the atmosphere", "exposed to the air" - these suggest the gaseous envelope of the Earth.

The phrase "into the air" in the context of smoke from a fire most closely matches sense 2 (the region above the ground) or sense 5 (the mass of air surrounding Earth).

Looking at the examples for sense 2: "her hand stopped in mid air", "he threw the ball into the air" - these involve things being suspended or moving into the space above the ground.

Looking at sense 5: "there was great heat as the comet entered the atmosphere", "it was exposed to the air" - these focus on the atmospheric layer.

"Smoke into the air" is more like "threw the ball into the air" - it's about the space above the ground where the smoke rises and disperses. However, sense 5 could also work as smoke enters the atmosphere.

But looking carefully at WordNet distinctions:
- Sense 2 (air%1:15:00::) is "the region above the ground" - this is the spatial sense.
- Sense 5 (air%1:15:01::) is "the mass of air surrounding the Earth" - this is the atmospheric/gaseous sense.

In the context of "black smoke into the air", this is most similar to "threw the ball into the air" (sense 2) - describing the destination as the space above ground level. While it technically enters the atmosphere (sense 5), the idiom "into the air" typically maps to sense 2 when referring to things being propelled or rising into the space above.

Also, sense 1 is "a mixture of gases... the stuff that the wind consists of" - this is about the substance.
Sense 5 is specifically about the Earth's atmosphere as a whole.

The smoke goes up into the air (the space above). This is sense 2.

Wait, let me reconsider. In WordNet:
- Sense 1: air%1:27:00:: (noun.substance) - the substance
- Sense 5: air%1:15:01:: (noun.location) - the mass of air surrounding Earth
- Sense 2: air%1:15:00:: (noun.location) - the region above the ground

Actually, looking at the hyponymy:
- Sense 2 is a location/region
- Sense 5 is also a location but specifically the atmosphere

"Into the air" in the context of smoke is most naturally sense 2. But let me check if there's any distinction I'm missing.

Actually, looking at typical WSD datasets, "into the air" often maps to sense 2 (region above ground) when it's about trajectory/position, but could map to sense 1 or 5 when emphasizing the medium.

However, the example "he threw the ball into the air" for sense 2 is very similar to "sent... into the air" in the target sentence. Both involve something being propelled into the space above the ground.

Therefore, sense 2 seems the best fit.

But wait, I should check if sense 5 could be better. "The mass of air surrounding the Earth" - when smoke rises, it enters this mass. But the phrase "into the air" is more about the spatial region than the atmospheric envelope specifically.

Also, sense 1 has examples like "air pollution" and "smell of chemicals in the air" - this is about the substance. "Black smoke into the air" - the smoke mixes with the air (substance). But the construction "into the" suggests a location/region rather than a substance.

Between sense 2 and sense 5:
- Sense 2: "the region above the ground"
- Sense 5: "the mass of air surrounding the Earth"

The smoke rises into the region above the ground (sense 2). It also enters the atmosphere (sense 5), but sense 2 is more specific to the immediate space above ground level where things fly, float, or rise.

I think sense 2 is the correct choice.

Let me double-check by looking at the synonyms and examples again:
- Sense 2: "her hand stopped in mid air", "he threw the ball into the air"
- Target: "sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air"

This is a perfect match for sense 2.

Sense 5 examples: "comet entered the atmosphere", "exposed to the air" - these are different contexts.

Therefore, the answer should be sense index 2.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fine
Target surface form: fine
Context:
Endless seconds wondering if those huge windows would buckle and shower us with glass. Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m. ONEZIE: My younger daughter and I are <t>fine</t>. This building shook like hell and it kept getting stronger.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fine%5:00:00:satisfactory:00 | definition=being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition | synonyms=all right, o.k., okay, hunky-dory | examples=an all-right movie; the passengers were shaken up but are all right
2. sense_key=fine%5:00:00:precise:00 | definition=minutely precise especially in differences in meaning | examples=a fine distinction
3. sense_key=fine%5:00:00:thin:01 | definition=thin in thickness or diameter | examples=a fine film of oil; fine hairs
4. sense_key=fine%5:00:00:elegant:00 | definition=characterized by elegance or refinement or accomplishment | examples=fine wine; looking fine in her Easter suit
5. sense_key=fine%3:00:00:: | definition=of textures that are smooth to the touch or substances consisting of relatively small particles | examples=wood with a fine grain; fine powdery snow
6. sense_key=fine%5:00:00:pure:02 | definition=free from impurities; having a high or specified degree of purity | examples=gold 21 carats fine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "fine" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text describes an earthquake or similar disaster (building shaking, windows potentially buckling, books falling)
 - At 12:07 a.m., someone named ONEZIE says: "My younger daughter and I are fine."
 - This is a response to the dangerous situation, indicating they are unharmed or in satisfactory condition.

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. sense_key=fine%5:00:00:satisfactory:00 - "being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition" with synonyms "all right, o.k., okay, hunky-dory" and examples about passengers being shaken up but all right. This fits perfectly - after an earthquake/shaking, saying "we are fine" means they are unharmed/satisfactory condition.

 2. sense_key=fine%5:00:00:precise:00 - "minutely precise" - doesn't fit here. Not talking about distinctions.

 3. sense_key=fine%5:00:00:thin:01 - "thin in thickness" - doesn't fit. Not describing physical thickness.

 4. sense_key=fine%5:00:00:elegant:00 - "characterized by elegance" - doesn't fit. Not describing appearance or refinement in this context.

 5. sense_key=fine%3:00:00:: - "of textures that are smooth" - doesn't fit. Not describing texture.

 6. sense_key=fine%5:00:00:pure:02 - "free from impurities" - doesn't fit. Not talking about gold or purity.

 The context clearly shows someone reporting their status after a building shook "like hell" - they are saying they are okay/unharmed/satisfactory. This matches sense 1 perfectly, especially with the example "the passengers were shaken up but are all right" which parallels this earthquake situation.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: building
Target surface form: building
Context:
Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m. ONEZIE: My younger daughter and I are fine. This <t>building</t> shook like hell and it kept getting stronger. Except for the gas tank at Hustead's Towing Service exploding and burning in downtown Berkeley, things here are quite peaceful.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=building%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place | synonyms=edifice | examples=there was a three-story building on the corner; it was an imposing edifice
2. sense_key=building%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of constructing something | synonyms=construction | examples=during the construction we had to take a detour; his hobby was the building of boats
3. sense_key=building%1:04:01:: | definition=the commercial activity involved in repairing old structures or constructing new ones | synonyms=construction | examples=their main business is home construction; workers in the building trades
4. sense_key=building%1:14:00:: | definition=the occupants of a building | examples=the entire building complained about the noise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "building" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- "Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m. ONEZIE: My younger daughter and I are fine. This <t>building</t> shook like hell and it kept getting stronger. Except for the gas tank at Hustead's Towing Service exploding and burning in downtown Berkeley, things here are quite peaceful."

The target word "building" is used in the sentence: "This building shook like hell and it kept getting stronger."

This is clearly referring to a physical structure that can shake (presumably from an earthquake or explosion). The pronoun "it" refers back to the building, and buildings shake - physical structures shake.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=building%1:06:00:: | definition=a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place | synonyms=edifice | examples=there was a three-story building on the corner; it was an imposing edifice
2. sense_key=building%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of constructing something | synonyms=construction | examples=during the construction we had to take a detour; his hobby was the building of boats
3. sense_key=building%1:04:01:: | definition=the commercial activity involved in repairing old structures or constructing new ones | synonyms=construction | examples=their main business is home construction; workers in the building trades
4. sense_key=building%1:14:00:: | definition=the occupants of a building | examples=the entire building complained about the noise

Sense 1 is the physical structure. "This building shook" - a physical structure shakes.
Sense 2 is the act/process of constructing. "This building shook" doesn't make sense as an act shaking.
Sense 3 is the commercial activity. Doesn't fit.
Sense 4 is the occupants (metonymy). While "the entire building complained" works for people, "this building shook like hell" doesn't work for occupants. People don't typically get described as shaking like hell in this context (unless metaphorical, but given the earthquake/explosion context, it's the physical structure shaking).

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

The user wants only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Wait, let me double-check the sense numbering. The user lists:
1. sense_key=building%1:06:00::
2. sense_key=building%1:04:00::
3. sense_key=building%1:04:01::
4. sense_key=building%1:14:00::

So sense 1 is the physical structure. Yes.

The output should be exactly: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shake
Target surface form: shook
Context:
Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m. ONEZIE: My younger daughter and I are fine. This building <t>shook</t> like hell and it kept getting stronger. Except for the gas tank at Hustead's Towing Service exploding and burning in downtown Berkeley, things here are quite peaceful.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shake%2:38:00:: | definition=move or cause to move back and forth | synonyms=agitate | examples=The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking
2. sense_key=shake%2:29:00:: | definition=move with or as if with a tremor | synonyms=didder | examples=his hands shook
3. sense_key=shake%2:38:01:: | definition=shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively | synonyms=judder | examples=The old engine was juddering
4. sense_key=shake%2:38:02:: | definition=move back and forth or sideways | synonyms=rock, sway | examples=the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed
5. sense_key=shake%2:30:00:: | definition=undermine or cause to waver | examples=my faith has been shaken; The bad news shook her hopes
6. sense_key=shake%2:37:00:: | definition=stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of | synonyms=stimulate, shake up, excite, stir | examples=These stories shook the community; the civil war shook the country
7. sense_key=shake%2:38:04:: | definition=get rid of | synonyms=shake off, throw off, escape from | examples=I couldn't shake the car that was following me
8. sense_key=shake%2:30:01:: | definition=bring to a specified condition by or as if by shaking | examples=He was shaken from his dreams; shake the salt out of the salt shaker
9. sense_key=shake%2:32:00:: | definition=shake (a body part) to communicate a greeting, feeling, or cognitive state | examples=shake one's head; She shook her finger at the naughty students

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "shook" (past tense of "shake") in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - "This building shook like hell and it kept getting stronger."
 - Context mentions: books fell, fire, smoke, gas tank exploding
 - This is describing an earthquake or similar seismic event
 - The building is moving back and forth/sideways due to the tremor

 Candidate senses analysis:
 1. shake%2:38:00:: - move or cause to move back and forth (general)
 2. shake%2:29:00:: - move with or as if with a tremor (tremor-specific)
 3. shake%2:38:01:: - shake or vibrate rapidly and intensively (judder)
 4. shake%2:38:02:: - move back and forth or sideways (rock, sway)
 5. shake%2:30:00:: - undermine or cause to waver (figurative)
 6. shake%2:37:00:: - stir the feelings (emotional)
 7. shake%2:38:04:: - get rid of
 8. shake%2:30:01:: - bring to a specified condition by shaking
 9. shake%2:32:00:: - shake a body part

 The context describes a building shaking during what appears to be an earthquake (explosion mentioned, things falling, "kept getting stronger").

 Sense 4 (shake%2:38:02::) has synonyms "rock, sway" and examples "the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed". This matches perfectly with "This building shook".

 Sense 1 is more general "move back and forth".
 Sense 2 is about tremors (hands shaking).
 Sense 3 is rapid intensive vibration (engine juddering).
 Sense 4 specifically mentions buildings swaying/rocking.

 The phrase "shook like hell" and "kept getting stronger" suggests the oscillating motion of a building during an earthquake, which aligns with sense 4's definition "move back and forth or sideways" with synonyms rock/sway.

 However, I need to look carefully at the sense indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=shake%2:38:00::
 2. sense_key=shake%2:29:00::
 3. sense_key=shake%2:38:01::
 4. sense_key=shake%2:38:02::
 5. sense_key=shake%2:30:00::
 6. sense_key=shake%2:37:00::
 7. sense_key=shake%2:38:04::
 8. sense_key=shake%2:30:01::
 9. sense_key=shake%2:32:00::

 So sense_index 4 corresponds to sense_key=shake%2:38:02:: (move back and forth or sideways, rock, sway).

 But wait, sense 1 is "move or cause to move back and forth" which is very similar. Let me check WordNet definitions more carefully.

 In WordNet:
 - shake%2:38:00:: usually means to agitate, cause to move back and forth (transitive or intransitive)
 - shake%2:38:02:: specifically means "move back and forth or sideways" - this is the intransitive motion like a building swaying

 The example for sense 4 explicitly mentions "the tall building swayed", which is almost exactly the context here ("This building shook").

 Sense 2 (shake%2:29:00::) is "move with or as if with a tremor" - this is more for hands shaking, palsy, etc.

 Sense 3 is "judder" - rapid vibration.

 So sense 4 seems best.

 Wait, I should also consider sense 1. The definition is "move or cause to move back and forth". The examples are "The chemist shook the flask vigorously; My hands were shaking".

 Sense 4: "move back and forth or sideways" - examples: "the ship was rocking; the tall building swayed"

 The building context strongly points to sense 4.

 But let me double-check the WordNet sense numbering. The user provides the sense keys, so I should map:
 - Index 1: shake%2:38:00::
 - Index 2: shake%2:29:00::
 - Index 3: shake%2:38:01::
 - Index 4: shake%2:38:02::
 - Index 5: shake%2:30:00::
 - Index 6: shake%2:37:00::
 - Index 7: shake%2:38:04::
 - Index 8: shake%2:30:01::
 - Index 9: shake%2:32:00::

 The context: "This building shook like hell and it kept getting stronger."
 This describes the physical motion of a building during an earthquake or explosion.

 Sense 4 (shake%2:38:02::) matches "the tall building swayed" example.

 Sense 1 could also fit as a general "move back and forth", but sense 4 is more specific to the swaying/rocking motion of large structures, which fits the context of a building during seismic activity better than the general sense 1.

 Also, sense 4's synonyms include "rock" and "sway" which are typical verbs used for buildings during earthquakes.

 Therefore, the best sense is index 4.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the format. The user wants: {"sense_index": 4}

 Let me reconsider if any other sense could be better.

 Sense 2: tremor - usually for people/animals, not buildings.
 Sense 3: judder - engines, mechanical.
 Sense 5: undermine - figurative, not physical movement.
 Sense 6: emotions - "stir feelings", not physical.
 Sense 7: get rid of - "shake off", doesn't fit.
 Sense 8: bring to condition - "shake from dreams", not applicable.
 Sense 9: body part - clearly not.

 So it's between 1 and 4.
 Sense 1: move or cause to move back and forth (general oscillation)
 Sense 4: move back and forth or sideways (specifically swaying/rocking)

 The example for sense 4 explicitly mentions buildings: "the tall building swayed". This makes it the clear winner.

 Final answer: {"sense_index": 4}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: like_hell
Target surface form: like hell
Context:
Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m. ONEZIE: My younger daughter and I are fine. This building shook <t>like hell</t> and it kept getting stronger. Except for the gas tank at Hustead's Towing Service exploding and burning in downtown Berkeley, things here are quite peaceful.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=like_hell%4:02:00:: | definition=with great speed or effort or intensity | synonyms=like mad, like crazy, like sin, like thunder, like the devil | examples=drove like crazy; worked like hell to get the job done
2. sense_key=like_hell%4:02:01:: | definition=used ironically to indicate the opposite of what is stated | examples=says he'll help me? Like hell he will!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target "like hell" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - "This building shook like hell and it kept getting stronger."
 - The context describes an earthquake or some shaking event (building shook).
 - The phrase "like hell" is modifying "shook" - indicating the intensity of the shaking.
 - "it kept getting stronger" suggests the shaking was intense/strong.

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=like_hell%4:02:00:: | definition=with great speed or effort or intensity | synonyms=like mad, like crazy, like sin, like thunder, like the devil | examples=drove like crazy; worked like hell to get the job done
 2. sense_key=like_hell%4:02:01:: | definition=used ironically to indicate the opposite of what is stated | examples=says he'll help me? Like hell he will!

 Analysis:
 - Sense 1: "with great speed or effort or intensity" - fits the context of the building shaking intensely/violently.
 - Sense 2: "used ironically to indicate the opposite" - this would be used in contexts like "Like hell I will!" meaning "I definitely will not!" or expressing disbelief. The current context is not ironic; it's describing the actual intensity of the shaking.

 The phrase "shook like hell" means shook intensely/violently, which matches sense 1 (with great intensity).

 The examples for sense 1 include "worked like hell to get the job done" which shows intensity/effort, and "drove like crazy" which shows speed/intensity. "Shook like hell" fits this pattern of indicating high intensity.

 Therefore, the correct sense is index 1.

 I need to return: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: keep
Target surface form: kept
Context:
Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m. ONEZIE: My younger daughter and I are fine. This building shook like hell and it <t>kept</t> getting stronger. Except for the gas tank at Hustead's Towing Service exploding and burning in downtown Berkeley, things here are quite peaceful.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=keep%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=maintain, hold | examples=keep clean; hold in place
2. sense_key=keep%2:42:07:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, proceed, go along | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night
3. sense_key=keep%2:40:00:: | definition=retain possession of | synonyms=hold on | examples=Can I keep my old stuffed animals?; She kept her maiden name after she married
4. sense_key=keep%2:41:01:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=prevent | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep
5. sense_key=keep%2:41:03:: | definition=conform one's action or practice to | synonyms=observe | examples=keep appointments; she never keeps her promises
6. sense_key=keep%2:31:00:: | definition=stick to correctly or closely | synonyms=observe, maintain | examples=The pianist kept time with the metronome; keep count
7. sense_key=keep%2:40:01:: | definition=look after; be the keeper of; have charge of | examples=He keeps the shop when I am gone
8. sense_key=keep%2:32:00:: | definition=maintain by writing regular records | synonyms=maintain | examples=keep a diary; maintain a record
9. sense_key=keep%2:42:01:: | definition=supply with room and board | examples=He is keeping three women in the guest cottage; keep boarders
10. sense_key=keep%2:41:02:: | definition=allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature | synonyms=retain, continue, keep on | examples=We cannot continue several servants any longer; She retains a lawyer
11. sense_key=keep%2:34:00:: | definition=supply with necessities and support | synonyms=sustain, maintain | examples=She alone sustained her family; The money will sustain our good cause
12. sense_key=keep%2:42:03:: | definition=fail to spoil or rot | synonyms=stay fresh | examples=These potatoes keep for a long time
13. sense_key=keep%2:41:05:: | definition=behave as expected during of holidays or rites | synonyms=observe, celebrate | examples=Keep the commandments; celebrate Christmas
14. sense_key=keep%2:41:00:: | definition=keep under control; keep in check | synonyms=restrain, keep back, hold back | examples=suppress a smile; Keep your temper
15. sense_key=keep%2:42:02:: | definition=maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger | synonyms=preserve | examples=May God keep you
16. sense_key=keep%2:42:12:: | definition=raise | examples=She keeps a few chickens in the yard; he keeps bees
17. sense_key=keep%2:40:09:: | definition=retain rights to | synonyms=keep open, hold open, save | examples=keep my job for me while I give birth; keep my seat, please
18. sense_key=keep%2:40:13:: | definition=store or keep customarily | examples=Where do you keep your gardening tools?
19. sense_key=keep%2:40:12:: | definition=have as a supply | examples=I always keep batteries in the freezer; keep food for a week in the pantry
20. sense_key=keep%2:40:10:: | definition=maintain for use and service | synonyms=maintain | examples=I keep a car in the countryside; She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips
21. sense_key=keep%2:35:10:: | definition=hold and prevent from leaving | examples=The student was kept after school
22. sense_key=keep%2:30:10:: | definition=prevent (food) from rotting | synonyms=preserve | examples=preserved meats; keep potatoes fresh

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "kept" (lemma: keep) in the given context.

Context analysis:
"Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m. ONEZIE: My younger daughter and I are fine. This building shook like hell and it <t>kept</t> getting stronger. Except for the gas tank at Hustead's Towing Service exploding and burning in downtown Berkeley, things here are quite peaceful."

The target phrase is "it kept getting stronger". This describes the building shaking continuing to increase in intensity over time.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=keep%2:42:00:: | definition=keep in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., | synonyms=maintain, hold | examples=keep clean; hold in place
   - This is about maintaining a state, but "kept getting stronger" implies continuation of a process/change, not maintaining a static state.

2. sense_key=keep%2:42:07:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, proceed, go along | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night
   - This seems promising. "Kept getting stronger" means the shaking continued to get stronger. The progressive aspect "getting" combined with "kept" indicates continuation of the activity/state of shaking/getting stronger.

3. sense_key=keep%2:40:00:: | definition=retain possession of | synonyms=hold on | examples=Can I keep my old stuffed animals?; She kept her maiden name after she married
   - Not relevant - not about possession.

4. sense_key=keep%2:41:01:: | definition=stop (someone or something) from doing something or being in a certain state | synonyms=prevent | examples=We must prevent the cancer from spreading; His snoring kept me from falling asleep
   - This is "keep from", not the usage here.

5. sense_key=keep%2:41:03:: | definition=conform one's action or practice to | synonyms=observe | examples=keep appointments; she never keeps her promises
   - Not relevant.

6. sense_key=keep%2:31:00:: | definition=stick to correctly or closely | synonyms=observe, maintain | examples=The pianist kept time with the metronome; keep count
   - Not relevant.

7. sense_key=keep%2:40:01:: | definition=look after; be the keeper of; have charge of | examples=He keeps the shop when I am gone
   - Not relevant.

8. sense_key=keep%2:32:00:: | definition=maintain by writing regular records | synonyms=maintain | examples=keep a diary; maintain a record
   - Not relevant.

9. sense_key=keep%2:42:01:: | definition=supply with room and board | examples=He is keeping three women in the guest cottage; keep boarders
   - Not relevant.

10. sense_key=keep%2:41:02:: | definition=allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature | synonyms=retain, continue, keep on | examples=We cannot continue several servants any longer; She retains a lawyer
    - This is about retaining/employing people or maintaining features, not about continuing an action.

11. sense_key=keep%2:34:00:: | definition=supply with necessities and support | synonyms=sustain, maintain | examples=She alone sustained her family; The money will sustain our good cause
    - Not relevant.

12. sense_key=keep%2:42:03:: | definition=fail to spoil or rot | synonyms=stay fresh | examples=These potatoes keep for a long time
    - Not relevant.

13. sense_key=keep%2:41:05:: | definition=behave as expected during of holidays or rites | synonyms=observe, celebrate | examples=Keep the commandments; celebrate Christmas
    - Not relevant.

14. sense_key=keep%2:41:00:: | definition=keep under control; keep in check | synonyms=restrain, keep back, hold back | examples=suppress a smile; Keep your temper
    - Not relevant.

15. sense_key=keep%2:42:02:: | definition=maintain in safety from injury, harm, or danger | synonyms=preserve | examples=May God keep you
    - Not relevant.

16. sense_key=keep%2:42:12:: | definition=raise | examples=She keeps a few chickens in the yard; he keeps bees
    - Not relevant.

17. sense_key=keep%2:40:09:: | definition=retain rights to | synonyms=keep open, hold open, save | examples=keep my job for me while I give birth; keep my seat, please
    - Not relevant.

18. sense_key=keep%2:40:13:: | definition=store or keep customarily | examples=Where do you keep your gardening tools?
    - Not relevant.

19. sense_key=keep%2:40:12:: | definition=have as a supply | examples=I always keep batteries in the freezer; keep food for a week in the pantry
    - Not relevant.

20. sense_key=keep%2:40:10:: | definition=maintain for use and service | synonyms=maintain | examples=I keep a car in the countryside; She keeps an apartment in Paris for her shopping trips
    - Not relevant.

21. sense_key=keep%2:35:10:: | definition=hold and prevent from leaving | examples=The student was kept after school
    - Not relevant.

22. sense_key=keep%2:30:10:: | definition=prevent (food) from rotting | synonyms=preserve | examples=preserved meats; keep potatoes fresh
    - Not relevant.

Now, comparing sense 1 and sense 2 more carefully:

Sense 1: "keep in a certain state, position, or activity" - examples: "keep clean", "hold in place"
Sense 2: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" - examples: "Keep on working!", "We continued to work into the night"

The phrase "it kept getting stronger" means the shaking continued to become more intense. This is about continuation of a process or activity (the shaking/getting stronger).

Sense 2 specifically mentions "continue" and has examples like "Keep on working!" which matches the progressive aspect of "kept getting".

Actually, looking at WordNet structure, sense 2 (keep%2:42:07::) is typically the sense used in "keep + verb-ing" constructions meaning "continue to".

Let me verify the sense indices. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=keep%2:42:00::
2. sense_key=keep%2:42:07::
3. sense_key=keep%2:40:00::
...

So sense 2 is keep%2:42:07:: with definition "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".

The construction "kept getting" is a catenative verb construction where "keep" means to continue doing something. This matches sense 2.

Sense 1 is more about maintaining something in a particular state (keeping it clean, keeping it in place), whereas sense 2 is about the continuation of an activity or process over time.

In "it kept getting stronger", the shaking is continuing and intensifying. This is clearly sense 2.

Wait, I should check if there's any other sense that might fit. Sense 10 mentions "continue" in synonyms: "allow to remain in a place or position or maintain a property or feature | synonyms=retain, continue, keep on". But the examples are about employing servants and retaining lawyers - it's about keeping someone in a position/place, not about an action continuing.

Sense 2 is definitely the best fit: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity".

The answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: get
Target surface form: getting
Context:
Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m. ONEZIE: My younger daughter and I are fine. This building shook like hell and it kept <t>getting</t> stronger. Except for the gas tank at Hustead's Towing Service exploding and burning in downtown Berkeley, things here are quite peaceful.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=get%2:40:00:: | definition=come into the possession of something concrete or abstract | synonyms=acquire | examples=She got a lot of paintings from her uncle; They acquired a new pet
2. sense_key=get%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, go | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
3. sense_key=get%2:30:02:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=let, have | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
4. sense_key=get%2:30:03:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
5. sense_key=get%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, come | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
6. sense_key=get%2:35:03:: | definition=go or come after and bring or take back | synonyms=bring, convey, fetch | examples=Get me those books over there, please; Could you bring the wine?
7. sense_key=get%2:39:00:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, have | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
8. sense_key=get%2:33:00:: | definition=take vengeance on or get even | synonyms=pay back, pay off, fix | examples=We'll get them!; That'll fix him good!
9. sense_key=get%2:40:01:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
10. sense_key=get%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
11. sense_key=get%2:35:09:: | definition=succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase | synonyms=catch, capture | examples=We finally got the suspect; Did you catch the thief?
12. sense_key=get%2:29:01:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, produce, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
13. sense_key=get%2:29:00:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, take | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
14. sense_key=get%2:32:03:: | definition=communicate with a place or person; establish communication with, as if by telephone | examples=Bill called this number and he got Mary; The operator couldn't get Kobe because of the earthquake
15. sense_key=get%2:30:01:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=make | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
16. sense_key=get%2:32:08:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=drive, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
17. sense_key=get%2:31:09:: | definition=grasp with the mind or develop an understanding of | synonyms=catch | examples=did you catch that allusion?; We caught something of his theory in the lecture
18. sense_key=get%2:35:00:: | definition=attract and fix | synonyms=catch, arrest | examples=His look caught her; She caught his eye
19. sense_key=get%2:35:10:: | definition=reach with a blow or hit in a particular spot | synonyms=catch | examples=the rock caught her in the back of the head; The blow got him in the back
20. sense_key=get%2:31:03:: | definition=reach by calculation | examples=What do you get when you add up these numbers?
21. sense_key=get%2:40:14:: | definition=acquire as a result of some effort or action | examples=You cannot get water out of a stone; Where did she get these news?
22. sense_key=get%2:40:13:: | definition=purchase | examples=What did you get at the toy store?
23. sense_key=get%2:39:13:: | definition=perceive by hearing | synonyms=catch | examples=I didn't catch your name; She didn't get his name when they met the first time
24. sense_key=get%2:39:09:: | definition=suffer from the receipt of | synonyms=catch | examples=She will catch hell for this behavior!
25. sense_key=get%2:39:14:: | definition=receive as a retribution or punishment | synonyms=receive | examples=He got 5 years in prison
26. sense_key=get%2:38:15:: | definition=leave immediately; used usually in the imperative form | synonyms=scram, buzz off, fuck off, bugger off | examples=Scram!
27. sense_key=get%2:38:12:: | definition=reach and board | examples=She got the bus just as it was leaving
28. sense_key=get%2:37:12:: | definition=irritate | synonyms=get under one's skin | examples=Her childish behavior really get to me; His lying really gets me
29. sense_key=get%2:37:11:: | definition=evoke an emotional response | examples=Brahms's `Requiem' gets me every time
30. sense_key=get%2:36:14:: | definition=apprehend and reproduce accurately | synonyms=catch | examples=She really caught the spirit of the place in her drawings; She got the mood just right in her photographs
31. sense_key=get%2:36:00:: | definition=earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher | synonyms=draw | examples=He drew a base on balls
32. sense_key=get%2:35:12:: | definition=overcome or destroy | examples=The ice storm got my hibiscus; the cat got the goldfish
33. sense_key=get%2:31:10:: | definition=be a mystery or bewildering to | synonyms=perplex, vex, stick, puzzle, mystify, baffle | examples=This beats me!; Got me--I don't know the answer!
34. sense_key=get%2:30:12:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
35. sense_key=get%2:29:11:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, have | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
36. sense_key=get%2:29:08:: | definition=make children | synonyms=beget, engender, father, mother, sire, generate | examples=Abraham begot Isaac; Men often father children but don't recognize them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "getting" (lemma "get") in the given context.

Context analysis:
"Only a few books fell in the reading room. Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m. ONEZIE: My younger daughter and I are fine. This building shook like hell and it kept <t>getting</t> stronger. Except for the gas tank at Hustead's Towing Service exploding and burning in downtown Berkeley, things here are quite peaceful."

The sentence is: "This building shook like hell and it kept getting stronger."

Here, "getting" means becoming or entering into a state/condition. The building shaking kept becoming stronger / entering a stronger state.

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. acquire/possess - doesn't fit. The building isn't acquiring something concrete/abstract.
2. enter or assume a certain state or condition (become, go) - "It kept getting stronger" = it kept becoming stronger. This fits perfectly.
3. cause to move/position - doesn't fit. No causative meaning here.
4. receive specified treatment - doesn't fit.
5. reach destination - doesn't fit.
6. fetch/bring - doesn't fit.
7. go through mental/physical states - "get an idea", "experience vertigo". While "getting stronger" is a physical state change, sense 2 is more directly "become". But let's check sense 7: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)". The examples are "get an idea; experience vertigo". This is about experiencing. "Getting stronger" is more about entering a state rather than going through an experience.
8. vengeance - no.
9. achieve point/goal - no.
10. cause to do - no.
11. catch/seize - no.
12. come to have physical features - "grow a beard". Not quite.
13. be stricken by illness - no.
14. communicate - no.
15. give certain properties to something - "get someone mad". This is causative. Here it's not "making something stronger" in a causative sense, but the shaking itself is becoming stronger.
16. move into desired direction of discourse - no.
17. grasp with mind - no.
18. attract and fix - no.
19. reach with blow - no.
20. reach by calculation - no.
21. acquire as result of effort - no.
22. purchase - no.
23. perceive by hearing - no.
24. suffer from receipt - no.
25. receive as retribution - no.
26. leave immediately - no.
27. reach and board - no.
28. irritate - "get to me". Not this context.
29. evoke emotional response - no.
30. apprehend and reproduce - no.
31. earn base by walk - no.
32. overcome/destroy - no.
33. be a mystery - no.
34. take first step - no.
35. undergo injuries/illnesses - "suffer, sustain". "She suffered a fracture". This is close but usually for negative things. "Getting stronger" is not an injury.
36. make children - no.

So the best sense is clearly sense 2: "enter or assume a certain state or condition" with synonyms become, go. The example "It must be getting more serious" is almost identical in structure to "it kept getting stronger".

Sense 2: sense_key=get%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, go | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious

This is the correct sense. The user wants JSON output like {"sense_index": 2}.

Wait, let me double-check sense 7: "go through (mental or physical states or experiences)". Could "getting stronger" be "going through a physical state"? The examples are "get an idea; experience vertigo". These are about experiencing or having. "Get" in "get an idea" is like receive/have. "Getting stronger" is inchoative, meaning entering a state. WordNet sense 2 is specifically for inchoative "get" = become. The example "It must be getting more serious" confirms this.

Sense 15: "give certain properties to something" (make). "Get someone mad". This is causative-inchoative alternation? No, "get" in "get someone mad" means cause to become. But in "it kept getting stronger", there's no external causer implied; it's just the shaking becoming stronger. So sense 2.

Therefore, the answer is {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: explode
Target surface form: exploding
Context:
Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m. ONEZIE: My younger daughter and I are fine. This building shook like hell and it kept getting stronger. Except for the gas tank at Hustead's Towing Service <t>exploding</t> and burning in downtown Berkeley, things here are quite peaceful. A lot of car alarms went off.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=explode%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to burst with a violent release of energy | synonyms=detonate, blow up, set off | examples=We exploded the nuclear bomb
2. sense_key=explode%2:30:00:: | definition=burst outward, usually with noise | synonyms=burst | examples=The champagne bottle exploded
3. sense_key=explode%2:31:00:: | definition=show a violent emotional reaction | examples=The boss exploded when he heard of the resignation of the secretary
4. sense_key=explode%2:30:03:: | definition=be unleashed; emerge with violence or noise | synonyms=burst forth, break loose | examples=His anger exploded
5. sense_key=explode%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy by exploding | examples=The enemy exploded the bridge
6. sense_key=explode%2:32:02:: | definition=cause to burst as a result of air pressure; of stop consonants like /p/, /t/, and /k/
7. sense_key=explode%2:32:00:: | definition=drive from the stage by noisy disapproval
8. sense_key=explode%2:31:01:: | definition=show (a theory or claim) to be baseless, or refute and make obsolete
9. sense_key=explode%2:30:04:: | definition=burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction | synonyms=detonate, blow up | examples=the bomb detonated at noon; The Molotov cocktail exploded
10. sense_key=explode%2:30:02:: | definition=increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner | synonyms=irrupt | examples=The population of India is exploding; The island's rodent population irrupted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "exploding" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence mentions "Except for the gas tank at Hustead's Towing Service exploding and burning in downtown Berkeley..."
 - This describes a gas tank that underwent an explosion and is burning
 - It's describing a physical, violent release of energy/bursting of the gas tank
 - The context is about a fire/auto paint shop fire, so this is a literal explosion, not metaphorical

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. explode%2:30:01:: - cause to burst with a violent release of energy (transitive - "We exploded the nuclear bomb")
    - This is transitive/causative. The subject causes the explosion.
    - In our sentence, the gas tank is the subject undergoing the action, not causing something else to explode.

 2. explode%2:30:00:: - burst outward, usually with noise (synonyms: burst)
    - Example: "The champagne bottle exploded"
    - This is intransitive - the subject bursts outward.
    - The gas tank is bursting outward with noise.
    - This fits well.

 3. explode%2:31:00:: - show a violent emotional reaction
    - Example: "The boss exploded when he heard..."
    - This is metaphorical/emotional. Not applicable to a gas tank.

 4. explode%2:30:03:: - be unleashed; emerge with violence or noise (synonyms: burst forth, break loose)
    - Example: "His anger exploded"
    - This is more about emotions or abstract things being unleashed. Not quite right for a physical gas tank explosion.

 5. explode%2:35:00:: - destroy by exploding (transitive)
    - Example: "The enemy exploded the bridge"
    - This is transitive - someone destroys something by exploding it. Not our case.

 6. explode%2:32:02:: - cause to burst as a result of air pressure; of stop consonants...
    - This is a linguistic/phonetic sense. Not applicable.

 7. explode%2:32:00:: - drive from the stage by noisy disapproval
    - Theatrical sense. Not applicable.

 8. explode%2:31:01:: - show (a theory or claim) to be baseless...
    - Intellectual/refutation sense. Not applicable.

 9. explode%2:30:04:: - burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction (synonyms: detonate, blow up)
    - Examples: "the bomb detonated at noon; The Molotov cocktail exploded"
    - This is intransitive - the subject bursts and releases energy.
    - This also fits the gas tank context very well.

 10. explode%2:30:02:: - increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner
    - Example: "The population of India is exploding"
    - Metaphorical sense about growth. Not applicable.

 Now I need to distinguish between sense 2 and sense 9:

 Sense 2: explode%2:30:00:: - "burst outward, usually with noise" - synonyms: burst
 Sense 9: explode%2:30:04:: - "burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction" - synonyms: detonate, blow up

 The key difference:
 - Sense 2 focuses on "burst outward" (the physical motion/direction)
 - Sense 9 focuses on "burst and release energy" (the chemical/physical reaction, detonation)

 For a gas tank exploding in a fire, sense 9 seems more appropriate because:
 1. It involves a violent chemical/physical reaction (combustion)
 2. It involves releasing energy
 3. The synonyms "detonate, blow up" fit a gas tank explosion better than just "burst"
 4. The example "The Molotov cocktail exploded" is very similar to a gas tank exploding in a fire context

 However, sense 2 "burst outward, usually with noise" with example "The champagne bottle exploded" is also plausible.

 Let me look more carefully at the WordNet hierarchy:

 Sense 2: explode%2:30:00:: - this is the general "burst" sense
 Sense 9: explode%2:30:04:: - this is specifically about "burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction"

 A gas tank exploding in a fire is definitely involving a violent chemical reaction (combustion) and release of energy. It's not just bursting like a balloon (which might be sense 2), it's exploding like a bomb or Molotov cocktail.

 Also, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 2: "The champagne bottle exploded" - this is pressure buildup, not necessarily combustion
 - Sense 9: "the bomb detonated at noon; The Molotov cocktail exploded" - these involve combustion/exothermic reactions

 A gas tank exploding due to fire is more like a bomb/Molotov cocktail than like a champagne bottle (which is just pressure).

 Therefore, sense 9 (index 9) is the best choice.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=explode%2:30:01::
 2. sense_key=explode%2:30:00::
 3. sense_key=explode%2:31:00::
 4. sense_key=explode%2:30:03::
 5. sense_key=explode%2:35:00::
 6. sense_key=explode%2:32:02::
 7. sense_key=explode%2:32:00::
 8. sense_key=explode%2:31:01::
 9. sense_key=explode%2:30:04::
 10. sense_key=explode%2:30:02::

 So sense 9 is indeed index 9.

 But let me double-check sense 1 vs sense 9:
 Sense 1: "cause to burst with a violent release of energy" - transitive (We exploded the nuclear bomb)
 Sense 9: "burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction" - intransitive (the bomb detonated; The Molotov cocktail exploded)

 In the sentence: "the gas tank ... exploding"
 This is clearly intransitive - the gas tank is the subject undergoing the explosion, not the object being exploded by someone else.

 So it's between 2 and 9.

 Sense 2: "burst outward, usually with noise" - this could apply to many things including physical pressure explosions
 Sense 9: "burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction" - this specifically mentions chemical/physical reaction

 Since the context mentions a fire ("auto paint shop fire", "burning"), the gas tank exploding is due to combustion - a chemical reaction. Therefore sense 9 is more specific and accurate.

 Also, WordNet typically distinguishes between:
 - explode.v.01 (cause to explode - transitive)
 - explode.v.02 (burst outward - intransitive, general)
 - explode.v.09 (burst with chemical reaction - intransitive, specific)

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet 3.1 or 3.0:
 explode%2:30:00:: is usually "burst outward, usually with noise"
 explode%2:30:01:: is usually "cause to burst with a violent release of energy"
 explode%2:30:04:: is usually "burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction; 'The bomb detonated at noon'; 'The Molotov cocktail exploded'"

 The example "The Molotov cocktail exploded" is very similar to a gas tank exploding in a fire context. Both involve flammable liquids igniting.

 Therefore, the answer should be index 9.

 Wait, I should verify if there's any chance it's sense 2. "The champagne bottle exploded" - this is also a physical container bursting due to pressure. A gas tank also bursts due to pressure (from heat/expansion of gases). But the mention of "fire" and "burning" strongly suggests combustion is involved, making sense 9 better.

 Also, in WSD tasks, usually the more specific sense is preferred when the context supports it. The "chemical or physical reaction" aspect is clearly present in a gas tank fire explosion.

 Final decision: index 9.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burn
Target surface form: burning
Context:
Then the auto paint shop fire sent an evil-looking cloud of black smoke into the air. 12:07 a.m. ONEZIE: My younger daughter and I are fine. This building shook like hell and it kept getting stronger. Except for the gas tank at Hustead's Towing Service exploding and <t>burning</t> in downtown Berkeley, things here are quite peaceful. A lot of car alarms went off.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burn%2:30:02:: | definition=destroy by fire | synonyms=fire, burn down | examples=They burned the house and his diaries
2. sense_key=burn%2:43:01:: | definition=shine intensely, as if with heat | synonyms=glow | examples=The coals were glowing in the dark; The candles were burning
3. sense_key=burn%2:30:00:: | definition=undergo combustion | synonyms=combust | examples=Maple wood burns well
4. sense_key=burn%2:39:00:: | definition=cause a sharp or stinging pain or discomfort | synonyms=bite, sting | examples=The sun burned his face
5. sense_key=burn%2:43:02:: | definition=cause to burn or combust | synonyms=combust | examples=The sun burned off the fog; We combust coal and other fossil fuels
6. sense_key=burn%2:37:00:: | definition=feel strong emotion, especially anger or passion | examples=She was burning with anger; He was burning to try out his new skies
7. sense_key=burn%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to undergo combustion | synonyms=incinerate | examples=burn garbage; The car burns only Diesel oil
8. sense_key=burn%2:41:00:: | definition=burn at the stake | examples=Witches were burned in Salem
9. sense_key=burn%2:40:01:: | definition=spend (significant amounts of money) | examples=He has money to burn
10. sense_key=burn%2:39:04:: | definition=feel hot or painful | examples=My eyes are burning
11. sense_key=burn%2:30:08:: | definition=burn, sear, or freeze (tissue) using a hot iron or electric current or a caustic agent | synonyms=cauterize, cauterise | examples=The surgeon cauterized the wart
12. sense_key=burn%2:29:00:: | definition=get a sunburn by overexposure to the sun | synonyms=sunburn
13. sense_key=burn%2:36:05:: | definition=create by duplicating data | synonyms=cut | examples=cut a disk; burn a CD
14. sense_key=burn%2:34:00:: | definition=use up (energy) | synonyms=burn off, burn up | examples=burn off calories through vigorous exercise
15. sense_key=burn%2:30:03:: | definition=burn with heat, fire, or radiation | examples=The iron burnt a hole in my dress

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "burning" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The sentence is: "Except for the gas tank at Hustead's Towing Service exploding and <t>burning</t> in downtown Berkeley, things here are quite peaceful."
- This describes a gas tank that is exploding and burning.
- The subject is a "gas tank" - an inanimate object containing fuel.
- The action is "exploding and burning" - describing what the gas tank is doing.
- This is describing combustion of fuel in the gas tank.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=burn%2:30:02:: | definition=destroy by fire | synonyms=fire, burn down | examples=They burned the house and his diaries
   - This is transitive: "destroy by fire" - someone burning something. Here the gas tank is burning (intransitive).

2. sense_key=burn%2:43:01:: | definition=shine intensely, as if with heat | synonyms=glow | examples=The coals were glowing in the dark; The candles were burning
   - This is about emitting light/heat like candles or coals. While a burning gas tank might emit light, this sense seems more about steady glowing rather than combustion of fuel.

3. sense_key=burn%2:30:00:: | definition=undergo combustion | synonyms=combust | examples=Maple wood burns well
   - This is intransitive: "undergo combustion" - the subject is undergoing the process of combustion. A gas tank exploding and burning fits this well - the fuel inside is undergoing combustion.

4. sense_key=burn%2:39:00:: | definition=cause a sharp or stinging pain or discomfort | synonyms=bite, sting | examples=The sun burned his face
   - This is about physical sensation/pain. Not relevant here.

5. sense_key=burn%2:43:02:: | definition=cause to burn or combust | synonyms=combust | examples=The sun burned off the fog; We combust coal and other fossil fuels
   - This is transitive: "cause to burn". The gas tank is not causing something else to burn; it is itself burning.

6. sense_key=burn%2:37:00:: | definition=feel strong emotion, especially anger or passion | examples=She was burning with anger
   - Emotional sense. Not relevant.

7. sense_key=burn%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to undergo combustion | synonyms=incinerate | examples=burn garbage; The car burns only Diesel oil
   - This is transitive: "cause to undergo combustion". Again, the gas tank is the thing undergoing combustion, not causing something else to undergo it.

8. sense_key=burn%2:41:00:: | definition=burn at the stake | examples=Witches were burned in Salem
   - Specific execution method. Not relevant.

9. sense_key=burn%2:40:01:: | definition=spend (significant amounts of money) | examples=He has money to burn
   - Idiomatic financial sense. Not relevant.

10. sense_key=burn%2:39:04:: | definition=feel hot or painful | examples=My eyes are burning
    - Physical sensation. Not relevant for a gas tank.

11. sense_key=burn%2:30:08:: | definition=burn, sear, or freeze (tissue) using a hot iron or electric current or a caustic agent | synonyms=cauterize, cauterise | examples=The surgeon cauterized the wart
    - Medical procedure. Not relevant.

12. sense_key=burn%2:29:00:: | definition=get a sunburn by overexposure to the sun | synonyms=sunburn
    - Sunburn. Not relevant.

13. sense_key=burn%2:36:05:: | definition=create by duplicating data | synonyms=cut | examples=cut a disk; burn a CD
    - Technology/data sense. Not relevant.

14. sense_key=burn%2:34:00:: | definition=use up (energy) | synonyms=burn off, burn up | examples=burn off calories through vigorous exercise
    - Metaphorical or exercise-related. Not relevant.

15. sense_key=burn%2:30:03:: | definition=burn with heat, fire, or radiation | examples=The iron burnt a hole in my dress
    - This seems to be about damaging by burning (transitive?), or possibly intransitive with "burn with heat". The example "The iron burnt a hole" is transitive. But the definition is ambiguous. However, looking at the sense key burn%2:30:03, this is likely the sense where something is being damaged by burning or emitting heat/fire.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 3 vs sense 15 vs sense 2.

Sense 3: undergo combustion (intransitive) - "Maple wood burns well"
Sense 15: burn with heat, fire, or radiation - "The iron burnt a hole in my dress" (this looks like transitive - causing a burn/hole)

Actually, looking at the example for sense 15: "The iron burnt a hole in my dress" - this is transitive (the iron is the agent burning a hole).

But in our sentence: "the gas tank ... exploding and burning" - this is intransitive. The gas tank is the subject undergoing the action.

Sense 3: "undergo combustion" - examples: "Maple wood burns well"
This fits perfectly. A gas tank burning is undergoing combustion.

Sense 2: "shine intensely, as if with heat" - examples: "The candles were burning"
This could also fit, as a burning gas tank would shine with light. However, sense 3 is more specific to the chemical process of combustion that a gas tank would undergo when exploding.

Sense 5: "cause to burn or combust" - transitive
Sense 7: "cause to undergo combustion" - transitive (incinerate)

Sense 3 is the intransitive sense of undergoing combustion.

Let me check if there's any other sense that could fit.

Sense 1: "destroy by fire" - transitive
Sense 3: "undergo combustion" - intransitive

The context: "gas tank ... exploding and burning"
- The gas tank is the subject
- It is undergoing combustion (burning)
- This is an intransitive use

Therefore, sense 3 (burn%2:30:00::) is the best fit.

Wait, I should double-check the WordNet sense numbering. The user provided sense keys with indices.

Sense 3: sense_key=burn%2:30:00:: | definition=undergo combustion | synonyms=combust | examples=Maple wood burns well

Yes, this is the intransitive sense where the subject undergoes combustion.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 3}