[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: occasion
Target surface form: occasion
Context:
But it is about a long term advantage, with a certain degree of indetermination, because the team can be eliminated first of change, and in addition with this action the players fulfil a sanction game and go to the second cycle of cards, in which the suspension by card accumulation takes place with one less than in the first cycle. So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this <t>occasion</t> I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=occasion%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs at a critical time | synonyms=juncture | examples=at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave; it was needed only on special occasions
2. sense_key=occasion%1:11:01:: | definition=a vaguely specified social event | synonyms=affair, social occasion, function, social function | examples=the party was quite an affair; an occasion arranged to honor the president
3. sense_key=occasion%1:16:00:: | definition=reason | examples=there was no occasion for complaint
4. sense_key=occasion%1:28:00:: | definition=the time of a particular event | examples=on the occasion of his 60th birthday
5. sense_key=occasion%1:26:00:: | definition=an opportunity to do something | examples=there was never an occasion for her to demonstrate her skill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "occasion" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"But it is about a long term advantage... Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this <t>occasion</t> I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors..."

The phrase is "in this occasion". The author is saying that in this particular instance/situation/time, they believe it was a clear case of wittiness.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=occasion%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs at a critical time | synonyms=juncture | examples=at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave; it was needed only on special occasions
2. sense_key=occasion%1:11:01:: | definition=a vaguely specified social event | synonyms=affair, social occasion, function, social function | examples=the party was quite an affair; an occasion arranged to honor the president
3. sense_key=occasion%1:16:00:: | definition=reason | examples=there was no occasion for complaint
4. sense_key=occasion%1:28:00:: | definition=the time of a particular event | examples=on the occasion of his 60th birthday
5. sense_key=occasion%1:26:00:: | definition=an opportunity to do something | examples=there was never an occasion for her to demonstrate her skill

Now, "in this occasion" - what does it mean here?

The context is referring to a specific instance or time when the players made a strategic decision. The phrase "in this occasion" is being used to mean "in this instance" or "on this particular occasion/time."

Let me check the examples:
- Sense 1: "at such junctures", "special occasions" - this seems like a specific happening/instance
- Sense 4: "on the occasion of his 60th birthday" - this refers to the time of a particular event

Wait, let me think carefully. "In this occasion" in the text means something like "in this case" or "on this particular instance."

Sense 1: "an event that occurs at a critical time" - synonyms: juncture. Examples: "at such junctures", "special occasions". This seems to fit "in this occasion" as meaning "at this juncture" or "in this instance."

Sense 4: "the time of a particular event" - example: "on the occasion of his 60th birthday". This is usually used with "on the occasion of..."

But in the text, it's "in this occasion I believe..." This is more like "in this instance" or "on this occasion."

Actually, looking at standard usage, "on this occasion" is more common, but "in this occasion" is also used, especially in non-native English or translated text (this looks like it might be translated from Spanish or Portuguese, given the content about football/soccer cards and "auto expulsions").

Wait, the text says "in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness." This means "on this particular instance" or "in this case."

Sense 1: "an event that occurs at a critical time" - the example "it was needed only on special occasions" suggests particular times/events.
Sense 4: "the time of a particular event" - example "on the occasion of his 60th birthday"

Hmm, but there's also the use of "occasion" to mean "instance" or "particular time."

Let me look at WordNet more carefully. In WordNet 3.0/3.1:

occasion has these senses roughly:
1. an event that occurs at a critical time (juncture) - "at such junctures", "special occasions"
2. a vaguely specified social event (affair, function) - "an occasion arranged to honor the president"
3. reason - "there was no occasion for complaint"
4. the time of a particular event - "on the occasion of his 60th birthday"
5. an opportunity to do something - "there was never an occasion for her to demonstrate her skill"

The phrase "in this occasion" in the context seems closest to sense 1 or sense 4.

But wait, "on this occasion" is a very common phrase. Which sense does that map to?

"On this occasion" typically means "this time" or "in this instance."

Looking at sense 4: "the time of a particular event" - "on the occasion of his 60th birthday" - this is about the time when something happens.

Looking at sense 1: "an event that occurs at a critical time" - "at such junctures", "special occasions" - this seems to refer to the event itself or the particular moment.

Actually, I think "in this occasion" here might be a non-native way of saying "on this occasion" or "in this case." But which WordNet sense?

Let me consider "occasion" as meaning "a particular time when something happens" - that's sense 4 (time of a particular event).

But sense 1 is "an event that occurs at a critical time." The example "it was needed only on special occasions" shows "occasions" as events/times.

Wait, looking at the examples for sense 1: "at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave; it was needed only on special occasions"
And sense 4: "on the occasion of his 60th birthday"

The phrase "in this occasion" in the target text is referring to a specific instance/case of something happening (the players' strategic decision). It's not necessarily a social event (sense 2), not a reason (sense 3), and not an opportunity (sense 5).

Between sense 1 and sense 4:
- Sense 1: occasion as an event at a critical time (juncture)
- Sense 4: occasion as the time of a particular event

"In this occasion" = "on this occasion" = at this particular time/instance.

I think sense 1 might be the best fit because the example "it was needed only on special occasions" parallels "in this occasion" - both refer to particular instances/events. Also, "at such junctures" is similar to "in this occasion."

But let me reconsider. The text says "in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness." The author is referring to the specific situation/instance being discussed. This is very similar to "on this occasion" or "in this instance."

In WordNet, sense 4 (time of a particular event) has the example "on the occasion of his 60th birthday." But "on the occasion of" is a specific construction.

Sense 1 has "special occasions" and "at such junctures."

Actually, looking at standard WSD datasets, "on this occasion" is often tagged as sense 1 or sense 4 depending on the exact WordNet version.

Wait, I should look at the definitions more carefully:

Sense 1: "an event that occurs at a critical time" - this is a specific happening. The synonym is "juncture." A juncture is a point in time, especially one made critical by a concurrence of circumstances.

Sense 4: "the time of a particular event" - this emphasizes the temporal aspect.

In the context: "in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness" - the speaker is referring to the specific instance/case under discussion. It's like saying "in this instance" or "on this occasion."

I think sense 1 is the best fit. The phrase "in this occasion" refers to this particular juncture/instance/event. The example "at such junctures" is very close in meaning to what we have.

But wait - "in this occasion" might actually be a calque from Spanish "en esta ocasión" which maps to English "on this occasion." In WordNet, "occasion" in "on this occasion" might be sense 4.

Let me think about the difference:
- Sense 1: the occasion IS the event (an event that occurs at a critical time)
- Sense 4: the occasion IS the time (the time of a particular event)

In "on the occasion of his 60th birthday" (sense 4), the occasion is the time when the birthday happens.
In "special occasions" (sense 1), the occasion is the event itself (like a holiday, ceremony, etc.).

In our text, "in this occasion" - is the author referring to the time when the players made the decision, or the event/instance itself?

The author says "in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness." This is referring to the specific instance/case being analyzed. It's more like "in this case" or "on this particular occasion."

Actually, looking at the synonyms for sense 1: juncture. "At this juncture" means at this point in time/events. That fits well.

But I want to check if there's a sense that means "instance." Looking at the list, sense 1 says "an event that occurs at a critical time" - this is the closest to "instance."

However, I recall that in WordNet 3.1, there might be slight differences. Let me think about the sense keys:

occasion%1:11:00:: - noun.event (11 is noun.event)
occasion%1:11:01:: - noun.event (social event)
occasion%1:16:00:: - noun.cognition (reason)
occasion%1:28:00:: - noun.time (time)
occasion%1:26:00:: - noun.state (opportunity? wait, 26 is noun.state? No, let me check... actually 1:26 might be noun.act or something. Wait, WordNet lexicographer file numbers: 26 is noun.act? No, 26 is... actually I don't need to know the exact lex file, but the definitions matter.)

Wait, sense 5: "an opportunity to do something" - example: "there was never an occasion for her to demonstrate her skill." This is like "opportunity" or "chance."

In our context, "in this occasion" is definitely not an opportunity.

Between sense 1 and sense 4, I think the usage "in this occasion" referring to a specific instance in a discussion is closest to sense 1 (juncture, particular occurrence). But "on this occasion" as a time expression is sense 4.

Let me look at the exact wording again: "Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this <t>occasion</t> I believe it was a clear case of wittiness."

This is a commentator/judge analyzing a specific case. "In this occasion" = "in this case" = "on this occasion."

I think the intended sense is sense 1: "an event that occurs at a critical time" / juncture. Because:
1. The example "at such junctures" parallels "in this occasion"
2. The example "on special occasions" shows the word used to refer to particular instances
3. The context is about a specific event/instance (the players' action) that occurred and is being evaluated

But I'm not entirely sure. Let me consider if sense 4 could be better. "The time of a particular event" - "on the occasion of his 60th birthday." If I say "on this occasion, I believe..." it could mean "at this time, I believe..."

However, in the context, the author isn't talking about a time per se, but about a specific instance/case. "In this occasion" here means "in this instance."

Actually, looking at dictionary definitions broadly:
- Occasion = a particular time, especially as marked by certain circumstances or occurrences (matches sense 4)
- Occasion = a special or important time, event, ceremony, celebration, etc. (matches sense 1 or 2)

Given that this is a sports rules discussion, and the "occasion" is the particular instance of the auto-expulsion incident, I think sense 1 is best. It's a specific occurrence/instance.

Wait, I want to double-check. In many WSD systems, "on this occasion" is annotated as sense 1 (the first sense, which is the most frequent). But let me think about whether the specific semantic distinction in WordNet favors one over the other.

Sense 1: occasion = an event that occurs at a critical time (hypernym: event)
Sense 4: occasion = the time of a particular event (hypernym: time)

In the sentence, "in this occasion" - is the occasion an event or a time? The author is saying that in this particular event/instance (the players' strategic decision to get carded), it was wittiness. So the occasion is the event itself. That would be sense 1.

If it were sense 4, it would be more like "at the time of this event." But the author is referring to the situation/instance as a whole.

Also, note that sense 1's synonym is "juncture" and the example includes "at such junctures." The phrase "at this juncture" is very similar to "in this occasion" in meaning here.

I think sense 1 is the correct answer.

But let me reconsider sense 4 one more time. The definition is "the time of a particular event." Could "in this occasion" mean "at this point in time"? Yes. But WordNet sense 4 is specifically "the time of a particular event" and the example is "on the occasion of his 60th birthday." This is a very specific construction.

Sense 1's example "it was needed only on special occasions" uses "occasions" in the plural to mean particular times/events, which is very close to "in this occasion."

Also, looking at the Spanish/Portuguese influence: "en esta ocasión" or "nesta ocasião" both translate to "on this occasion" in English, and in bilingual dictionaries, this maps to the general sense of "occasion" as an instance or particular time, which is sense 1.

I will go with sense 1.

Wait, I need to be careful. Let me re-read the context one more time to make sure.

"But it is about a long term advantage... Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors..."

Yes, the speaker is making a judgment about a specific case. "In this occasion" = "In this case" = "On this occasion."

Sense 1: an event that occurs at a critical time (juncture)
Sense 4: the time of a particular event

I think sense 1 is better because:
1. The occasion here is the event/instance being discussed (the auto-expulsions), not just the time.
2. "Juncture" fits well - a critical point in the game/rules discussion.
3. The example "at such junctures" is semantically very close.

Actually, I want to check one more thing. Is there any chance it's sense 3 (reason)? "There was no occasion for complaint" - this means "no reason." "In this occasion" cannot mean "in this reason." So no.

Sense 5 (opportunity)? "In this opportunity I believe..." No, that doesn't fit.

Sense 2 (social event)? No, this is a sports incident, not a social function.

So it's between 1 and 4. I'll choose 1.

But actually, looking at the WordNet examples again:
Sense 1: "at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave; it was needed only on special occasions"
Sense 4: "on the occasion of his 60th birthday"

The phrase "on special occasions" in sense 1 and "on the occasion of" in sense 4 are both common. But "in this occasion" in our text is more like "on this occasion" which could pattern with either.

However, I just realized that in standard English, we usually say "on this occasion" not "in this occasion." The use of "in" might be non-native. But if we treat it as equivalent to "on this occasion," which sense is that?

In the British National Corpus or similar, "on this occasion" is frequently sense 1 (instance, particular time).

Let me think about the hypernyms again:
- Sense 1: event
- Sense 4: time

The referent in the text is the situation/incident involving the players. An incident is an event. Therefore sense 1 (event) is better than sense 4 (time).

Yes, I'll go with sense 1.

Wait, I want to make absolutely sure. Let me search my internal knowledge of WordNet sense distinctions for "occasion."

WordNet 3.1 senses for "occasion":
1. an event that occurs at a critical time; "at such junctures he always had an impulse to leave"; "it was needed only on special occasions"
2. a vaguely specified social event; "the party was quite an affair"; "an occasion arranged to honor the president"; "a seemingly endless round of social functions"
3. reason; "there was no occasion for complaint"
4. the time of a particular event; "on the occasion of his 60th birthday"
5. an opportunity to do something; "there was never an occasion for her to demonstrate her skill"

In SemCor and other tagged corpora:
- "on this occasion" - I believe this is typically tagged as sense 1.
- "on the occasion of" - typically sense 4.

The phrase "in this occasion" in the text doesn't have "of" following it, and it's referring to a specific instance. This patterns with sense 1.

Also, the word "juncture" as a synonym for sense 1 is important. "At this juncture" means "at this point in time/events." The text says "in this occasion" in a context where the author is drawing a line between different cases - the border is diffuse, but in this particular juncture/instance, it's clear.

I'm now quite confident it's sense 1.

Actually, one last check: could it be sense 4 because the author is saying "at this time, I believe..."? Like, "on this occasion [i.e., now, as I speak], I believe..."? No, because the context makes clear they're talking about the specific incident: "it was a clear case of wittiness." The "it" refers to the players' action. So "in this occasion" means "in this instance/case of the players' action." That's an event, not a time.

Final answer: sense 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
But it is about a long term advantage, with a certain degree of indetermination, because the team can be eliminated first of change, and in addition with this action the players fulfil a sanction game and go to the second cycle of cards, in which the suspension by card accumulation takes place with one less than in the first cycle. So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear <t>case</t> of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "case" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The text discusses a sporting situation where players strategically got themselves suspended to avoid worse sanctions later. The target sentence is: "Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear <t>case</t> of wittiness."

The phrase "a clear case of wittiness" suggests we're looking at an instance or example of something. The word "case" here refers to an occurrence or instance of "wittiness" (cleverness/strategic thinking).

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
- This fits very well. "a clear case of wittiness" = an occurrence/instance of wittiness. The example "it was a case of bad judgment" is structurally identical to "it was a clear case of wittiness".

2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
- This refers more to circumstances or situations. While related, the phrase "case of wittiness" suggests an instance/type rather than a set of circumstances.

3. Legal proceeding - not relevant here.

4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
- This is about truth/state of affairs. "That was not the case" is the typical usage. Not "a case of something".

5. Container - not relevant.

6. Person requiring services - not relevant.

7. Experimental subject - not relevant.

8. Problem requiring investigation - not relevant (though close to "case" as in detective case, but here it's not about investigating a mystery).

9. Statement of facts - not relevant.

10. Quantity - not relevant.

11. Grammatical case - not relevant.

12. Specific state of mind - examples: "a case of the jitters". This is close, but "wittiness" isn't really a temporary state of mind like jitters. It's more of a quality/characteristic demonstrated in this instance.

13. Person with eccentricities - not relevant.

14. Type font - not relevant.

15. Sheath/covering - not relevant.

16. Housing - not relevant.

17. Door/window frame - not relevant.

18. Printing typesetter's case - not relevant.

19. Pillowcase - not relevant.

20. Display case - not relevant.

The best fit is sense 1: "an occurrence of something" with synonyms "instance, example". The structure "a case of X" where X is some quality or phenomenon (wittiness, bad judgment, etc.) strongly points to sense 1.

Sense 12 ("a case of the jitters") is the only other one that uses "a case of" structure, but that's specifically for illnesses or temporary states of mind (like jitters, blues, etc.). "Wittiness" isn't a medical condition or temporary state in the same way.

Therefore, sense_index: 1 is the correct answer.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Moonshot AI

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: factor
Target surface form: factors
Context:
So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two <t>factors</t>: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=factor%1:11:00:: | definition=anything that contributes causally to a result | examples=a number of factors determined the outcome
2. sense_key=factor%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, constituent, element, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony
3. sense_key=factor%1:23:00:: | definition=one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer | synonyms=divisor | examples=what are the 4 factors of 6?
4. sense_key=factor%1:18:00:: | definition=a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission | synonyms=agent, broker
5. sense_key=factor%1:23:01:: | definition=any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
6. sense_key=factor%1:09:01:: | definition=an independent variable in statistics
7. sense_key=factor%1:08:00:: | definition=(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity | synonyms=gene, cistron | examples=genes were formerly called factors

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "factors" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses sporting spirit, strategic decisions, legal fraud, wittiness, and a controversy.
 - The specific sentence is: "The controversy seems to arise from two <t>factors</t>: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."
 - Here, "factors" refers to the causes or elements contributing to the controversy.
 - The two factors mentioned are: (1) it was about two auto expulsions, and (2) the way the transmission of the directive was carried out.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=factor%1:11:00:: | definition=anything that contributes causally to a result | examples=a number of factors determined the outcome
    - This seems to fit well. The factors are contributing causally to the controversy/result.

 2. sense_key=factor%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, constituent, element, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony
    - This refers to parts/components of something abstract. While the controversy could be seen as having parts, the context emphasizes causality ("arise from") rather than composition.

 3. sense_key=factor%1:23:00:: | definition=one of two or more integers that can be exactly divided into another integer | synonyms=divisor | examples=what are the 4 factors of 6?
    - Mathematical sense. Not applicable here.

 4. sense_key=factor%1:18:00:: | definition=a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission | synonyms=agent, broker
    - Person/agent sense. Not applicable.

 5. sense_key=factor%1:23:01:: | definition=any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
    - Mathematical sense. Not applicable.

 6. sense_key=factor%1:09:01:: | definition=an independent variable in statistics
    - Statistical sense. Not applicable.

 7. sense_key=factor%1:08:00:: | definition=(genetics) a segment of DNA... | synonyms=gene, cistron
    - Biological/genetic sense. Not applicable.

 The choice is between sense 1 and sense 2.

 Sense 1: "anything that contributes causally to a result" - The text says the controversy "arise from" these factors, implying causation. The factors are reasons/causes of the controversy.

 Sense 2: "an abstract part of something" - While the factors could be seen as parts of the controversy, the phrase "arise from" strongly suggests causation rather than mere composition. Also, the examples for sense 2 focus on components/constituents of a whole (character, musical composition), whereas here we have causes of a controversy.

 The example for sense 1: "a number of factors determined the outcome" - This is very similar to the usage here where factors determine/caused the controversy.

 Therefore, sense 1 (factor%1:11:00::) is the best fit.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=factor%1:11:00::
 2. sense_key=factor%1:09:00::
 3. sense_key=factor%1:23:00::
 4. sense_key=factor%1:18:00::
 5. sense_key=factor%1:23:01::
 6. sense_key=factor%1:09:01::
 7. sense_key=factor%1:08:00::

 So sense 1 is indeed the first one in the list.

 Actually, looking at WordNet sense keys:
 - factor%1:11:00:: is the "anything that contributes causally to a result" sense (noun.cognition or noun.event?)
 - factor%1:09:00:: is the "component/constituent" sense (noun.cognition - noun.attribute?)

 Let me verify the WordNet lexicographer file names:
 - %1:11:00 - This would be noun.event or noun.phenomenon? Actually, 1:11 is noun.event.
 - %1:09:00 - This is noun.attribute? Or noun.cognition? 1:09 is noun.cognition.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet 3.0:
 - factor%1:11:00:: - anything that contributes causally to a result (noun.event)
 - factor%1:09:00:: - an abstract part of something (noun.cognition)

 The context clearly indicates causal contribution: "The controversy seems to arise from two factors". This is about causation, not about parts of a whole.

 So the answer is sense_index: 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expulsion
Target surface form: expulsions
Context:
So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto <t>expulsions</t> and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expulsion%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of forcing out someone or something | synonyms=ejection, exclusion, riddance | examples=the ejection of troublemakers by the police; the child's expulsion from school
2. sense_key=expulsion%1:04:02:: | definition=squeezing out by applying pressure | synonyms=extrusion | examples=an unexpected extrusion of toothpaste from the bottom of the tube; the expulsion of pus from the pimple
3. sense_key=expulsion%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting | synonyms=projection, ejection, forcing out

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "expulsions" in the given context. The target lemma is "expulsion" and the surface form is "expulsions".

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is discussing sporting events, specifically actions that are against the sporting spirit
- It mentions "auto expulsions" (likely "auto-expulsions" or automatic expulsions)
- It discusses sanctions, punishments, and strategic decisions in a sporting context
- The phrase "two auto expulsions" suggests this is about players being expelled/removed from a game or competition
- The context mentions "avoid the application of the sanction" and "avoiding the punishment"
- It mentions "the border between the wittiness and the law fraud" and "principles of the sport"

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. expulsion%1:04:01:: - "the act of forcing out someone or something" - synonyms: ejection, exclusion, riddance - examples: "the ejection of troublemakers by the police; the child's expulsion from school"
   - This fits the context of sports where players are forced out/expelled from the game due to rules violations

2. expulsion%1:04:02:: - "squeezing out by applying pressure" - synonyms: extrusion - examples: "an unexpected extrusion of toothpaste from the bottom of the tube; the expulsion of pus from the pimple"
   - This is about physical squeezing/expelling of substances, not relevant to people being removed from sports

3. expulsion%1:04:00:: - "the act of expelling or projecting or ejecting" - synonyms: projection, ejection, forcing out
   - This seems more general, potentially about physical projection (like throwing out)

Sense 1 seems most appropriate because:
- It involves forcing out "someone" (players in this case)
- The synonyms "ejection, exclusion, riddance" fit the sporting context where players are ejected from games
- The example "the child's expulsion from school" parallels being expelled from a sporting event
- The context is clearly about disciplinary actions in sports (sanctions, punishments)

Sense 2 is clearly wrong - it's about physical substances being squeezed out.

Sense 3 might be close, but seems to lean more toward physical projection (like expelling matter), while sense 1 specifically mentions "forcing out someone" which fits the context of players being expelled from a game.

The phrase "auto expulsions" in sports context refers to automatic ejections/expulsions of players from the game, which aligns with sense 1 (forcing out someone).

Therefore, the best sense is index 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: way
Target surface form: way
Context:
So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the <t>way</t> the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=way%1:07:01:: | definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, mode, style, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking
2. sense_key=way%1:04:01:: | definition=how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency | examples=a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction
3. sense_key=way%1:15:00:: | definition=a line leading to a place or point | synonyms=direction | examples=he looked the other direction; didn't know the way home
4. sense_key=way%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of things generally | examples=that's the way it is; I felt the same way
5. sense_key=way%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=path, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
6. sense_key=way%1:06:00:: | definition=any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another | examples=he said he was looking for the way out
7. sense_key=way%1:04:02:: | definition=a journey or passage | examples=they are on the way
8. sense_key=way%1:23:00:: | definition=space for movement | synonyms=room, elbow room | examples=room to pass; make way for
9. sense_key=way%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of distance in general | examples=it's a long way to Moscow; he went a long ways
10. sense_key=way%1:09:00:: | definition=doing as one pleases or chooses | examples=if I had my way
11. sense_key=way%1:09:01:: | definition=a general category of things; used in the expression `in the way of' | examples=they didn't have much in the way of clothing
12. sense_key=way%1:21:00:: | definition=a portion of something divided into shares | examples=they split the loot three ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "way" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the <t>way</t> the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."

The phrase is "the way the transmission of the directive was carried out". This is referring to the manner or method in which something was done.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=way%1:07:01:: | definition=how something is done or how it happens | synonyms=manner, mode, style, fashion | examples=her dignified manner; his rapid manner of talking
   - This seems to fit. The context is about "how" the transmission was carried out - the manner or mode of transmission.

2. sense_key=way%1:04:01:: | definition=how a result is obtained or an end is achieved | synonyms=means, agency | examples=a means of control; an example is the best agency of instruction
   - This is more about means/instrumentality, not quite the same as manner.

3. sense_key=way%1:15:00:: | definition=a line leading to a place or point | synonyms=direction | examples=he looked the other direction; didn't know the way home
   - This is spatial/directional, not relevant here.

4. sense_key=way%1:26:00:: | definition=the condition of things generally | examples=that's the way it is; I felt the same way
   - This is about general state/condition, not specific to how something was done.

5. sense_key=way%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=path, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
   - This is about life paths or courses of action over time, not the manner of a specific action.

6. sense_key=way%1:06:00:: | definition=any artifact consisting of a road or path affording passage from one place to another | examples=he said he was looking for the way out
   - Physical path, not relevant.

7. sense_key=way%1:04:02:: | definition=a journey or passage | examples=they are on the way
   - Journey, not relevant.

8. sense_key=way%1:23:00:: | definition=space for movement | synonyms=room, elbow room | examples=room to pass; make way for
   - Physical space, not relevant.

9. sense_key=way%1:07:02:: | definition=the property of distance in general | examples=it's a long way to Moscow; he went a long ways
   - Distance, not relevant.

10. sense_key=way%1:09:00:: | definition=doing as one pleases or chooses | examples=if I had my way
    - Personal choice/desire, not relevant.

11. sense_key=way%1:09:01:: | definition=a general category of things; used in the expression `in the way of' | examples=they didn't have much in the way of clothing
    - Category, not relevant.

12. sense_key=way%1:21:00:: | definition=a portion of something divided into shares | examples=they split the loot three ways
    - Division/shares, not relevant.

The context "the way the transmission of the directive was carried out" clearly refers to the manner or mode in which the transmission was carried out. This matches sense 1: "how something is done or how it happens" with synonyms manner, mode, style, fashion.

The phrase "the way... was carried out" is a classic construction for the manner sense.

Therefore, the best sense is sense_key=way%1:07:01:: which corresponds to index 1.

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists them as 1-12, so I should return the index number from the list.

Sense 1 is way%1:07:01::
Sense 2 is way%1:04:01::
etc.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check:
- "the way the transmission... was carried out" = the manner in which the transmission was carried out
- This is definitely sense 1 (manner/mode/style/fashion)

Yes, sense 1 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: transmission
Target surface form: transmission
Context:
So that, by passing rounds, it is not so clear that it is an advantage. Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the <t>transmission</t> of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=transmission%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted | synonyms=transmittal, transmitting
2. sense_key=transmission%1:10:00:: | definition=communication by means of transmitted signals
3. sense_key=transmission%1:23:00:: | definition=the fraction of radiant energy that passes through a substance | synonyms=transmittance
4. sense_key=transmission%1:11:00:: | definition=an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted | synonyms=infection, contagion
5. sense_key=transmission%1:06:01:: | definition=the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine via the driveshaft to the live axle | synonyms=transmission system

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "transmission" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

Context analysis:
- This is about sports (sporting spirit, strategic decisions, rules, sanctions, auto expulsions)
- "The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."
- The phrase "transmission of the directive" suggests the communication or sending of an order/instruction/rule/decision
- The context mentions players strategically deciding when to obey a sanction, and the transmission (of the directive) being carried out to cause auto expulsions
- This seems to be about transmitting/conveying a message or instruction

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=transmission%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted | synonyms=transmittal, transmitting
   - This fits well with "transmission of the directive" - the directive is a message/order being sent/transmitted.
   - Domain could apply to sports context.

2. sense_key=transmission%1:10:00:: | definition=communication by means of transmitted signals
   - This is more about technical/signal communication (radio, TV, etc.)
   - "Transmission of the directive" doesn't imply signals like radio waves or TV signals
   - Less likely.

3. sense_key=transmission%1:23:00:: | definition=the fraction of radiant energy that passes through a substance | synonyms=transmittance
   - Physics context, completely unrelated to sports/directives.
   - Eliminate.

4. sense_key=transmission%1:11:00:: | definition=an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted | synonyms=infection, contagion
   - Medical context, completely unrelated.
   - Eliminate.

5. sense_key=transmission%1:06:01:: | definition=the gears that transmit power from an automobile engine via the driveshaft to the live axle | synonyms=transmission system
   - Mechanical context, unrelated to sports rules/directives.
   - Eliminate.

So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

Sense 1: "the act of sending a message; causing a message to be transmitted"
Sense 2: "communication by means of transmitted signals"

The context mentions "the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."
A directive is an order or instruction (a message).
"Transmission of the directive" means the act of sending/conveying the directive.

Sense 1 is about the act of sending a message.
Sense 2 is about communication via signals (like radio transmission, broadcast transmission).

In this sports context, it's about conveying/sending the directive (order) to the players or officials, not about radio signals or broadcasting.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indices correctly:
- sense_key=transmission%1:04:01:: is the first candidate (index 1)
- sense_key=transmission%1:10:00:: is the second candidate (index 2)
- sense_key=transmission%1:23:00:: is the third candidate (index 3)
- sense_key=transmission%1:11:00:: is the fourth candidate (index 4)
- sense_key=transmission%1:06:01:: is the fifth candidate (index 5)

Actually, looking at the numbers:
1:04:01 - noun (1), communication? (04), 01
1:10:00 - noun (1), ??? (10), 00
1:23:00 - noun (1), phenomenon? (23), 00
1:11:00 - noun (1), event? (11), 00
1:06:01 - noun (1), artifact? (06), 01

But the question asks me to choose the "indexed sense" referring to the list provided. The list is numbered 1-5.

The user asks for: {"sense_index": 3} where 3 would be the third item in the list.

Wait, sense 3 is "the fraction of radiant energy" - that's definitely wrong.

Sense 1 seems correct: "the act of sending a message"

But let me reconsider if sense 2 could fit. "communication by means of transmitted signals" - could this be about the referee's signals or hand signals in sports? The text mentions "the way the transmission of the directive was carried out" - this could potentially refer to hand signals or some form of signaled communication.

However, looking at the broader context:
"the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction... but rather chosen when to obey it... The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them."

This sounds like it could be about the communication/announcement of the expulsion order/directive. In sports officiating, a "directive" might be communicated via signals or verbally.

But "transmission" in the sense of "transmission of orders" or "transmission of messages" fits better with sense 1 (sending a message) rather than sense 2 (communication by signals).

Also, looking at synonyms for sense 1: transmittal, transmitting. These fit "transmission of the directive" well.

Sense 2 doesn't have listed synonyms in the prompt, but typically includes things like "broadcasting."

Actually, looking at WordNet:
- transmission%1:04:00:: (or 01) - the act of sending a message
- transmission%1:10:00:: - communication by means of transmitted signals

In the context of a directive being transmitted, sense 1 is clearly the winner. It's about the sending/transmittal of the message (the directive), not about electronic signal communication.

Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

Wait, I need to be careful. The instructions say "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I need to return the index number from the candidate list (1-5).

My choice is index 1.

Let me verify once more:
- Context: Sports, strategic decisions, auto expulsions, directive transmission
- "transmission of the directive" - sending/conveying the order
- Sense 1: act of sending a message - YES
- Sense 2: communication by signals - NO (not specifically electronic/radio signals)
- Sense 3: physics - NO
- Sense 4: disease - NO
- Sense 5: car gears - NO

Index 1 is correct.

Actually, I should check if "directive" could mean something else. In some contexts, a "directive" in sports could be a type of signal? But no, it's an order or instruction.

Also, could this be about TV transmission? The text mentions sporting spirit, auto expulsions... the controversy arising from how the transmission was carried out... if this were about TV broadcast, it might make sense, but "to cause them [auto expulsions]" suggests the transmission caused the expulsions, which would mean the transmission is related to the officiating/communication of the sanction, not the TV broadcast. The damage is "aesthetic" not just ethical - which could hint at broadcast, but the phrasing "transmission of the directive" strongly points to the communication of the order itself.

Therefore, sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: damage
Target surface form: damage
Context:
Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The <t>damage</t> brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=damage%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a change for the worse | synonyms=harm, impairment
2. sense_key=damage%1:11:01:: | definition=loss of military equipment | synonyms=equipment casualty
3. sense_key=damage%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of damaging something or someone | synonyms=harm, hurt, scathe
4. sense_key=damage%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount of money needed to purchase something | synonyms=price, terms | examples=the price of gasoline; he got his new car on excellent terms
5. sense_key=damage%1:04:01:: | definition=any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right | synonyms=wrong, legal injury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "damage" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses actions against sporting spirit
 - It mentions strategic decisions, rules, sanctions, legal fraud, wittiness
 - The specific sentence: "The <t>damage</t> brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."

 So "damage" here refers to harm or injury caused to the principles of the sport. It's talking about the negative impact or harm done to the principles/values of the sport.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=damage%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a change for the worse | synonyms=harm, impairment
    - This is a noun referring to the state/result of something getting worse. "The occurrence of a change for the worse" - this could fit, as the damage to principles is a negative change.

 2. sense_key=damage%1:11:01:: | definition=loss of military equipment | synonyms=equipment casualty
    - This is specifically military context. Not relevant here.

 3. sense_key=damage%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of damaging something or someone | synonyms=harm, hurt, scathe
    - This refers to the act/process of causing damage. But in the sentence, "damage" seems to be the result/harm itself, not the act. The phrase is "damage brought about to the principles" - this suggests the damage is the result, not the act.

 4. sense_key=damage%1:21:00:: | definition=the amount of money needed to purchase something | synonyms=price, terms
    - This is about cost/price. Not relevant.

 5. sense_key=damage%1:04:01:: | definition=any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right | synonyms=wrong, legal injury
    - This is specifically legal context (violation of legal right). While the text mentions "legal fraud" earlier, the specific instance of "damage" here refers to damage to "principles of the sport", not necessarily a legal right in the technical legal sense. Also, the text contrasts this with legal fraud, suggesting this damage is to sporting spirit/principles, not legal rights.

 Now between sense 1 and sense 3:
 - Sense 1 (damage%1:11:00::): "the occurrence of a change for the worse" - this is the result/state of being damaged. This is a noun under the "state" or "event" hierarchy (1:11).
 - Sense 3 (damage%1:04:00::): "the act of damaging something or someone" - this is the action (1:04).

 In the sentence: "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport..."
 "Brought about" suggests something that was caused/resulted. The damage is the result, not the act itself. The damage is what was brought about (caused) to the principles.

 Also, looking at the structure: "damage brought about to..." - if it were the act, we might say "the damaging of" or "the act of damaging". But "damage" here is the object of "brought about" - the thing that was brought about.

 Actually, looking more carefully: "The damage brought about to the principles..." - "brought about" is modifying "damage", meaning the damage that was caused/inflicted. This damage is the harm itself, not the act of causing it.

 Sense 1 synonyms: harm, impairment
 Sense 3 synonyms: harm, hurt, scathe

 Both have "harm" as a synonym. But sense 1 is about the state/result (the occurrence of a change for the worse), while sense 3 is about the act.

 The context suggests we're talking about the harm/impairment to the principles, not the act of damaging them. The sentence is evaluating the extent of this harm ("is not as much ethical as aesthetic").

 Also, looking at WordNet:
 - damage%1:11:00:: is the first sense, usually the most common, meaning "the occurrence of a change for the worse" or "harm, impairment"
 - damage%1:04:00:: is "the act of damaging..."

 In the phrase "damage to the principles", this is clearly referring to the harm/impairment itself, not the act.

 Therefore, sense 1 seems correct.

 Wait, let me double-check sense 5. The text mentions "legal fraud" and "sanction", which are legal terms. But the specific damage mentioned is "to the principles of the sport". Sporting principles are not typically "legal rights" in the strict sense. Also, sense 5 is defined as "any harm or injury resulting from a violation of a legal right". This is a very specific legal sense (tort law). The context here is about sporting spirit and ethics/aesthetics, not legal rights.

 So sense 1 is the best fit.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet definitions more carefully:
 - damage%1:11:00:: = "the occurrence of a change for the worse" - this is the event/state of something being damaged
 - damage%1:04:00:: = "the act of damaging something or someone" - this is the action

 The sentence: "The damage brought about to the principles..." - "brought about" means caused. So the damage that was caused to the principles. This is the result, not the act.

 Also, the phrase "damage to X" typically uses "damage" as a mass noun referring to the harm itself (sense 1), not the act.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense 1.

 Wait, I should check if there's any other interpretation. Could it be sense 3? If we interpret "damage" as "the act of damaging", then "the act of damaging brought about to the principles" doesn't make as much sense as "the harm brought about to the principles".

 Also, looking at the adjectives: "ethical" and "aesthetic" describe the nature of the damage. You can describe harm/impairment as ethical or aesthetic, but describing "the act of damaging" as ethical or aesthetic is less likely in this context. The sentence is saying the harm itself is aesthetic rather than ethical.

 So yes, sense 1.

 But let me reconsider sense 3 vs sense 1 once more. In WordNet:
 - 1:11 is the "state" or "event" class (nouns denoting natural events or states)
 - 1:04 is the "act" class (nouns denoting acts or actions)

 "Damage" in "the damage to the car" is typically the result (state), not the act. Similarly here.

 Final decision: sense 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: principle
Target surface form: principles
Context:
Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the <t>principles</t> of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=principle%1:09:03:: | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=rule | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
2. sense_key=principle%1:09:01:: | definition=a rule or standard especially of good behavior | examples=a man of principle; he will not violate his principles
3. sense_key=principle%1:09:00:: | definition=a basic truth or law or assumption | examples=the principles of democracy
4. sense_key=principle%1:09:04:: | definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=rule | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion
5. sense_key=principle%1:10:00:: | definition=rule of personal conduct | synonyms=precept
6. sense_key=principle%1:09:02:: | definition=(law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature) | synonyms=rationale | examples=the rationale for capital punishment; the principles of internal-combustion engines

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "principles" in the given context. Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses.

Context analysis:
The text discusses sporting spirit, strategic decisions, rules, legal fraud, wittiness, auto expulsions, and the damage to the "principles of the sport". The key phrase is "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."

The context is about sports, specifically about actions that might violate the spirit or fundamental values of the sport. The phrase "principles of the sport" suggests fundamental truths, values, or standards that govern the sport.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. principle%1:09:03:: - a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct (synonyms: rule)
   - This seems like a general principle used for reasoning.

2. principle%1:09:01:: - a rule or standard especially of good behavior (examples: a man of principle; he will not violate his principles)
   - This focuses on moral/ethical standards of behavior.

3. principle%1:09:00:: - a basic truth or law or assumption (examples: the principles of democracy)
   - This refers to fundamental truths or laws. "Principles of democracy" is similar to "principles of the sport" - fundamental concepts that define the domain.

4. principle%1:09:04:: - a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system (synonyms: rule)
   - This is more about scientific/natural laws (conservation of mass, jet propulsion).

5. principle%1:10:00:: - rule of personal conduct (synonyms: precept)
   - This is about personal moral rules.

6. principle%1:09:02:: - (law) an explanation of the fundamental reasons (especially an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature)
   - This is technical/scientific explanation.

The phrase "principles of the sport" most closely matches sense 3: "a basic truth or law or assumption" with the example "the principles of democracy". Just as democracy has fundamental principles, sports have fundamental principles.

However, let me reconsider sense 1: "a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct". This could also fit.

And sense 2: "a rule or standard especially of good behavior". The text mentions "sporting spirit" and ethical considerations, but specifically says the damage is "not as much ethical as aesthetic", which suggests we're talking about the fundamental nature/values of the sport rather than just moral behavior.

Sense 3 seems best because:
- "Principles of the sport" parallels "principles of democracy" in the example
- It refers to basic truths or laws that define the domain
- The context discusses the "sporting spirit" and strategic decisions affecting the fundamental nature of the sport

Wait, let me look at the WordNet sense keys more carefully. The sense keys follow the format: lemma%lexical_file:lexicographer_id:sense_number. The indices in the candidate list (1-6) correspond to different sense keys.

Sense 1: principle%1:09:03::
Sense 2: principle%1:09:01::
Sense 3: principle%1:09:00::
Sense 4: principle%1:09:04::
Sense 5: principle%1:10:00::
Sense 6: principle%1:09:02::

In WordNet, sense 1:09:00 is usually the first/most general sense in the noun.cognition file (09).

Looking at the definitions again:
- Sense 3 (principle%1:09:00): "a basic truth or law or assumption" - example: "the principles of democracy"
- Sense 2 (principle%1:09:01): "a rule or standard especially of good behavior" - example: "a man of principle"
- Sense 1 (principle%1:09:03): "a basic generalization..." - example: "their principles of composition"

The phrase "principles of the sport" most naturally aligns with "principles of democracy" - both refer to the fundamental concepts, values, or doctrines that define a particular domain or institution.

Therefore, sense 3 (index 3 in the list, which corresponds to principle%1:09:00) seems to be the best choice.

But wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=principle%1:09:03::
2. sense_key=principle%1:09:01::
3. sense_key=principle%1:09:00::
4. sense_key=principle%1:09:04::
5. sense_key=principle%1:10:00::
6. sense_key=principle%1:09:02::

So if I choose sense_key=principle%1:09:00, that corresponds to index 3 in the list.

Let me double-check by looking at the context again. The text says "The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these actions is not as much ethical as aesthetic."

This is talking about the fundamental values or spirit of the sport. This could be:
- Sense 2: rule or standard especially of good behavior (but it says it's not ethical)
- Sense 3: basic truth or law or assumption (fundamental nature of the sport)
- Sense 1: basic generalization accepted as true

Actually, looking at the example for sense 2: "a man of principle; he will not violate his principles" - this is about personal moral principles.

The example for sense 3: "the principles of democracy" - this is about the foundational concepts of an institution/system.

"Principles of the sport" is clearly parallel to "principles of democracy" - both refer to the foundational concepts of a system/activity.

Therefore, sense index 3 is correct.

One more check: could it be sense 1 (principle%1:09:03)? "a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct" with example "their principles of composition characterized all their works".

"Principles of composition" are rules or guidelines for creating something. "Principles of the sport" could be interpreted this way, but given the context about "sporting spirit" and the comparison to "principles of democracy", sense 3 seems more appropriate.

Also, the text contrasts ethical vs aesthetic damage to the principles, suggesting these are fundamental values/truths of the sport, not just generalizations for reasoning.

I'll go with index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: actions
Context:
Those actions are really against the sporting spirit, which is part of the strategic decisions that favor taking advantages allowed by the rules. Regarding this assumption, the players did not act in order to avoid the application of the sanction (this would have been a clear case of legal fraud), but rather chosen when to obey it. They made a strategic decision without avoiding the punishment. Although the border between the wittiness and the law fraud is diffuse, in this occasion I believe it was a clear case of wittiness. The controversy seems to arise from two factors: because it was about two auto expulsions and the way the transmission of the directive was carried out to cause them. The damage brought about to the principles of the sport by these <t>actions</t> is not as much ethical as aesthetic.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "actions" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses sporting behavior, specifically "actions" that are against the sporting spirit
 - These actions are part of strategic decisions
 - They involve players choosing when to obey sanctions (auto expulsions)
 - The damage caused by these actions is described as "not as much ethical as aesthetic"
 - The actions refer to specific things the players did (getting themselves expelled strategically)

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
    - This seems to fit well. The text is talking about specific things the players did (getting expelled, strategic decisions).

 2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
    - This refers to a state of being active, not specific deeds. Doesn't fit.

 3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
    - Military context, not relevant here.

 4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
    - Natural processes, not human actions. Doesn't fit.

 5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
    - Narrative/plot context. Doesn't fit.

 6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
    - Personality trait. Doesn't fit.

 7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
    - Mechanical part. Doesn't fit.

 8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
    - Legal proceedings. The text mentions legal fraud, but the "actions" themselves are the players' behaviors, not legal proceedings.

 9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
    - Government/organizational acts. The players are not a government body.

 10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible
     - "Where the action is" - exciting activity. Doesn't fit the context of describing specific behaviors.

 The best fit is sense 1: "something done (usually as opposed to something said)" - referring to the specific deeds/behaviors of the players (the auto expulsions, strategic decisions).

 The context emphasizes "Those actions" referring to the players' behavior of getting themselves expelled strategically. These are specific things done, not states, processes, or legal proceedings.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possibility
Target surface form: possibility
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises <t>possibility</t> of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possibility%1:09:03:: | definition=a future prospect or potential | examples=this room has great possibilities
2. sense_key=possibility%1:26:00:: | definition=capability of existing or happening or being true | synonyms=possibleness | examples=there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired
3. sense_key=possibility%1:09:00:: | definition=a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena | synonyms=hypothesis, theory | examples=a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory; he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices
4. sense_key=possibility%1:09:01:: | definition=a possible alternative | synonyms=possible action, opening | examples=bankruptcy is always a possibility

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "possibility" in the given context.

 Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life on Earth, or elsewhere"

 The sentence is about a discovery of a bacteria that can use arsenic, which opens up the potential/prospect for finding new forms of life.

 Let me analyze the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=possibility%1:09:03:: | definition=a future prospect or potential | examples=this room has great possibilities
    - This seems to fit: the discovery "raises the possibility" = raises the prospect/potential for new types of life. It's about future potential.

 2. sense_key=possibility%1:26:00:: | definition=capability of existing or happening or being true | synonyms=possibleness | examples=there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired
    - This is about the abstract quality of being possible. While "possibility of new types of life" could fit here syntactically, the example "there is a possibility that..." suggests a specific instance of something being possible. However, the context here is about raising/opening up a prospect or potential.

 3. sense_key=possibility%1:09:00:: | definition=a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena | synonyms=hypothesis, theory
    - This is about a hypothesis or theory. The context is not talking about a hypothesis, but about the potential for something to exist.

 4. sense_key=possibility%1:09:01:: | definition=a possible alternative | synonyms=possible action, opening | examples=bankruptcy is always a possibility
    - This is about a specific alternative or option. The context isn't saying that "new types of life" is one alternative among others in a decision context, but rather that the existence of such life is now a prospect/potential.

 Now, comparing sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1: "a future prospect or potential" - example: "this room has great possibilities"
 - Sense 2: "capability of existing or happening or being true" - example: "there is a possibility that..."

 In the context "raises possibility of new types of life", the phrase "raises the possibility" is similar to "opens up the possibility" or "creates the possibility". This is about creating a new prospect or potential.

 However, looking closely at sense 1's example: "this room has great possibilities" - this is about the room having potential (plural).

 Actually, looking at the sense keys:
 - possibility%1:26:00:: is the state/quality of being possible (possibleness)
 - possibility%1:09:03:: is the prospect/potential

 The phrase "raises the possibility of X" typically means "makes it possible" or "opens up the prospect".

 Wait, I need to look at the specific sense indices provided. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=possibility%1:09:03::
 2. sense_key=possibility%1:26:00::
 3. sense_key=possibility%1:09:00::
 4. sense_key=possibility%1:09:01::

 So the indices correspond to the order given: 1, 2, 3, 4.

 Let me reconsider the context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new types of life..."

 This means the discovery raises the prospect/potential for finding new types of life. This aligns with sense 1: "a future prospect or potential".

 Sense 2 would be more like "there is a possibility that..." referring to the abstract possibility of something being true.

 But actually, looking at standard WordNet sense ordering for "possibility":
 - Usually, the senses are:
   1. hypothesis, theory (sense 3 in the list above)
   2. possibility (state of being possible) - capability of existing... (sense 2 above)
   3. opening, possibility (a possible alternative) (sense 4 above)
   4. possibility (a future prospect or potential) (sense 1 above)

 Wait, the user has numbered them 1-4 but these don't correspond to standard WordNet sense numbers. The user is just listing them as candidate senses numbered 1-4 for me to choose from.

 So I need to choose between:
 1. a future prospect or potential (examples: this room has great possibilities)
 2. capability of existing or happening or being true (examples: there is a possibility that...)
 3. a tentative insight... hypothesis, theory
 4. a possible alternative

 In the sentence "raises possibility of new types of life", the word "possibility" is being used to mean "prospect" or "potential". The discovery raises the prospect that new types of life might exist (or be found).

 This fits sense 1 best: "a future prospect or potential".

 The phrase "possibility of new types of life" suggests we're talking about the potential for such life to exist, not merely the abstract capability (sense 2), nor a hypothesis (sense 3), nor an alternative (sense 4).

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 Wait, let me double-check sense 2. "Capability of existing or happening or being true". Could "possibility of new types of life" refer to the capability of new types of life to exist? In a way, yes, because the microbe shows that life can use arsenic, which means new types of life are capable of existing.

 But the phrase "raises the possibility" is key here. You don't "raise the capability" - you "raise the possibility" meaning you increase the likelihood or open up the prospect.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 2: "there is a possibility that his sense of smell has been impaired" - this is referring to a specific instance of something being possible.

 Looking at sense 1: "this room has great possibilities" - this is plural, meaning prospects/potential.

 But "raises the possibility" is singular. However, it still fits the "prospect" meaning better than the "capability" meaning. The discovery raises the prospect that we might find new life.

 Actually, looking at WordNet more carefully:
 - Sense 1:09:03 is "a future prospect or potential"
 - Sense 1:26:00 is "capability of existing or happening or being true"

 In the context of scientific discovery reporting, "raises the possibility" is an idiom meaning "opens up the prospect" or "makes it seem possible". It introduces a new potential scenario.

 Sense 1 seems to be the hypernym of specific prospects, while sense 2 is the general state of being possible.

 I think sense 1 is correct. The room example shows "possibilities" as potentialities.

 But wait, looking at the sentence again: "raises possibility of new types of life". This could be interpreted as "raises the [possibility] of [new types of life]", where "possibility" = likelihood/prospect.

 Yes, sense 1.

 Actually, I should verify the WordNet IDs to make sure I'm interpreting them correctly, even though I shouldn't use the sense key in the answer.

 possibility%1:09:03:: - This is the "potential" sense
 possibility%1:26:00:: - This is the "possibleness" sense (abstract noun)
 possibility%1:09:00:: - This is the "hypothesis" sense (cognitive entity)
 possibility%1:09:01:: - This is the "opening" sense (alternative)

 The context is clearly about future potential/prospects, not about a hypothesis being proposed (though the discovery might lead to hypotheses), and not about an alternative being considered.

 Therefore, the best sense is index 1.

 Final check: Could it be sense 3 (hypothesis)? "raises the hypothesis of new types of life"? No, that doesn't fit as well. The discovery doesn't raise a hypothesis; it raises the possibility (prospect) that such life exists.

 Could it be sense 4 (alternative)? "raises the alternative of new types of life"? No.

 Could it be sense 2 (possibleness)? "raises the possibleness of new types of life"? Grammatically odd, and the example shows "there is a possibility that..." which is a different construction.

 Sense 1 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: type
Target surface form: types
Context:
Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new <t>types</t> of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "types" in the given context.

Context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe raises possibility of new <t>types</t> of life on Earth, or elsewhere The discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond."

Target lemma: type
Target surface form: types

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=type%1:09:00:: | definition=a subdivision of a particular kind of thing | examples=what type of sculpture do you prefer?
2. sense_key=type%1:18:00:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, case | examples=a real character; a strange character
3. sense_key=type%1:14:01:: | definition=(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
4. sense_key=type%1:10:01:: | definition=printed characters | examples=small type is hard to read
5. sense_key=type%1:10:00:: | definition=all of the tokens of the same symbol | examples=the word `element' contains five different types of character
6. sense_key=type%1:06:00:: | definition=a small metal block bearing a raised character on one end; produces a printed character when inked and pressed on paper | examples=he dropped a case of type, so they made him pick them up

Analysis:
- The context is about microbes, bacteria, and "forms of life"
- "new types of life" - this refers to kinds or categories of life
- Sense 1: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing" - this fits well. "Types of life" means kinds/categories of life.
- Sense 2: refers to a person/character - doesn't fit (not talking about people)
- Sense 3: "(biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon" - this is a specific biological term. While the context is biological, "types of life" is more general than a specific taxonomic group used to define a higher taxon. However, looking closely, "type" in biology can mean a taxonomic group. But "types of life" is more about "kinds" or "forms" of life.
- Sense 4: printed characters - no
- Sense 5: tokens of same symbol - no
- Sense 6: metal block for printing - no

Between sense 1 and sense 3:
Sense 1 is the general sense: "a subdivision of a particular kind of thing" - this is the hypernym sense. "What type of sculpture" example shows it's about categorization.
Sense 3 is specifically biological taxonomy.

The phrase is "new types of life". This is parallel to "new forms of life" (which appears later in the text: "new forms of life"). "Forms" and "types" are being used synonymously here.

In WordNet, sense 1 (type%1:09:00::) is the main sense for "kind" or "category".
Sense 3 is very specific to taxonomy.

However, looking at the context: "Arsenic-tolerant microbe", "bacteria", "life on Earth" - this is biological. But "types of life" is a general phrase meaning "kinds of life".

Let me check the WordNet hierarchy:
- Sense 1: type%1:09:00:: - a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; "what type of sculpture do you prefer?"
- Sense 3: type%1:14:01:: - (biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon

Actually, looking at the context carefully: "new types of life" - this is referring to different kinds or forms of life, not necessarily taxonomic types in the strict biological sense. The text mentions "new forms of life" later, confirming that "types" here means "forms" or "kinds".

Sense 1 is the most appropriate because:
1. It matches the general meaning of "kind" or "category"
2. The example "what type of sculpture do you prefer?" shows the pattern "type of [noun]" where type categorizes the noun
3. "Types of life" = kinds of life
4. Sense 3 is too specific - it refers to a taxonomic type specimen or group that defines a higher taxon, which is not what is meant here. The text is not saying there are new taxonomic groups that define higher taxa; it's saying there could be different kinds/forms of life based on different biochemistries (arsenic-based vs phosphorus-based).

Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice.

Wait, I should double-check sense 3. In biology, "type" can mean the specimen or group that serves as the basis for defining a taxon. But "types of life" is not using "type" in that technical sense. It's using it in the general sense of "kinds".

Also, looking at the synonyms and examples for sense 1: it's the general categorization sense.

So the answer should be sense_index: 1.

But let me reconsider if sense 3 could be correct. The definition says: "the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon". This is like a "type genus" or "type species". For example, the type species of a genus is the species that defines the genus. This is not what "types of life" means. "Types of life" means different categories or forms of life (e.g., carbon-based, arsenic-based, etc.), not taxonomic types.

Therefore, sense 1 is definitely correct.

The JSON output should be: {"sense_index": 1}