[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: then
Target surface form: then
Context:
Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, <t>then</t> at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=then%4:02:00:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=so, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
2. sense_key=then%4:02:02:: | definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?; keep it then if you want to
3. sense_key=then%4:02:01:: | definition=at that time | examples=I was young then; prices were lower back then

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "then" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer."

Wait, there are two instances of "then" in this sentence? Let me look carefully:
"Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, <t>then</t> at the University of Utah, found the answer."

The target is the one marked with <t> tags: "then at the University of Utah". This is the second "then" in the sentence.

Let me look at the candidates:
1. sense_key=then%4:02:00:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=so, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
2. sense_key=then%4:02:02:: | definition=in that case or as a consequence | examples=if he didn't take it, then who did?; keep it then if you want to
3. sense_key=then%4:02:01:: | definition=at that time | examples=I was young then; prices were lower back then

The target "then" is in the phrase "then at the University of Utah". This is describing Webster Cavenee's position at a specific time in the past. It means "at that time" he was at the University of Utah.

This matches sense 3: "at that time" with examples like "I was young then; prices were lower back then".

Sense 1 would be about sequence/temporal succession ("subsequently"), like "Then he left". But here "then at the University of Utah" is specifying where he was located at the time being discussed, not that something happened subsequently.

Sense 2 is conditional/consequential ("in that case"), which doesn't fit.

So the best sense is sense 3 (index 3).

Wait, let me double-check. The phrase is "Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah". Yes, this is an appositive-like usage indicating "at that time he was at the University of Utah". This is clearly sense 3.

The first "Then" in the sentence (not the target) would be sense 1 (subsequently). But the target is specifically the second one in the relative clause.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: SiliconFlow


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: found
Context:
Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, <t>found</t> the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "found" (lemma: find) in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about scientific research on eye cancer and chromosome damage.
 - Dr. Knudson found that some children had inherited damaged chromosome 13.
 - Then, a scientific team led by Webster Cavenee "found" the answer.
 - The team used gene probes to track a gene's presence.
 - They were looking for which gene or genes had disappeared (the missing piece of chromosome 13).

 So the sense here is about discovering or determining the existence/presence/fact of something through investigation/research.

 Let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: - come upon by accident/meet with (happen, chance, bump, encounter)
    - This doesn't fit. It wasn't an accident; it was deliberate scientific research.

 2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: - discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of (detect, observe, discover, notice)
    - Examples: "She detected high levels of lead...", "We found traces of lead..."
    - This could fit. They discovered the answer/gene.

 3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: - come upon after searching; find the location of something missed or lost (regain)
    - Examples: "Did you find your glasses?"
    - This is about locating lost physical objects, not discovering scientific answers.

 4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: - establish after calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study (determine, find out, ascertain)
    - Examples: "find the product of two numbers", "The physicist who found the elusive particle..."
    - This fits very well. The team used gene probes (experimental tools) to find the answer. It's a scientific discovery through investigation.

 5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: - come to believe on basis of emotion/intuition (feel)
    - Not applicable. This was empirical research.

 6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: - perceive or be contemporaneous with (witness, see)
    - Not quite right. They didn't just witness it; they discovered it through active research.

 7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: - get something/somebody for specific purpose (line up, get hold)
    - Not applicable.

 8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: - make a discovery, make a new finding (discover)
    - Examples: "Roentgen discovered X-rays", "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle"
    - This also fits well. This is about making a scientific discovery.

 9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: - make a discovery (discover)
    - Examples: "She found that he had lied..."
    - This is more about discovering facts/information rather than scientific entities.

 10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: - obtain through effort or management
    - Not quite right.

 11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: - decide on and make declaration about (rule)
    - Legal context, not applicable.

 12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: - receive specified treatment (abstract)
    - Not applicable.

 13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: - perceive oneself to be in certain condition
    - Not applicable.

 14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: - get or find back; recover the use of
    - Not applicable.

 15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: - succeed in reaching; arrive at
    - Not applicable.

 16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: - accept and make use of one's personality...
    - Not applicable.

 Now I need to decide between sense 2, 4, and 8 (and possibly 9).

 Sense 2 (find%2:39:02::): "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - synonyms: detect, observe, discover, notice. This is about detecting/observing something that exists.

 Sense 4 (find%2:32:00::): "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - synonyms: determine, find out, ascertain. This emphasizes the process of investigation/study.

 Sense 8 (find%2:36:00::): "make a discovery, make a new finding" - synonyms: discover. Examples include Roentgen discovering X-rays and physicists finding a new elementary particle.

 Sense 9 (find%2:31:09::): "make a discovery" - but examples suggest discovering facts/information rather than entities.

 The context mentions:
 - "Then, a scientific team... found the answer"
 - "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes'..."
 - Earlier: "But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared."

 So they discovered/identified the specific gene responsible.

 Between sense 4 and sense 8:
 - Sense 4 focuses on establishing something through investigation/calculation.
 - Sense 8 focuses on making a discovery/new finding.

 The example for sense 4 includes: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" - this is very similar to finding a gene.
 The example for sense 8 includes: "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle" - also similar.

 However, sense 4 is "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - this fits the context of using gene probes to track down the answer.

 Sense 8 is "make a discovery, make a new finding" - this is broader.

 But looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
 - Sense 4 (find%2:32:00::) is under verb.cognition (I think) - it's about determining/ascertaining.
 - Sense 8 (find%2:36:00::) is under verb.creation? Or verb.cognition? Actually, looking at the key find%2:36:00::, the 36 usually indicates verb.creation.

 Wait, let me think about the WordNet lexicographer file names:
 - 31: verb.cognition
 - 32: verb.cognition
 - 36: verb.creation
 - 39: verb.perception
 - 40: verb.possession

 Actually, looking at the sense keys:
 - find%2:32:00:: - 32 is likely verb.cognition (learn, discover through study)
 - find%2:36:00:: - 36 is likely verb.creation (create, discover something new)
 - find%2:39:02:: - 39 is likely verb.perception (notice, detect)

 In the context, the team "found the answer" - they determined which gene it was through scientific investigation (using gene probes).

 Sense 4 seems most appropriate: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study"

 But let me reconsider sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" - this is also very strong because they discovered the specific gene.

 However, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 4: "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"
 - Sense 8: "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle"

 Both seem applicable. But sense 4 emphasizes the process of investigation/study, while sense 8 emphasizes the act of discovery/creation of knowledge.

 Actually, looking more carefully at the context: "found the answer" - this is about determining/ascertaining the answer through investigation. The answer was which gene had disappeared.

 Sense 2 (find%2:39:02::) is "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - this is about detecting something that exists. But here they are identifying which specific gene (out of many) was the culprit. It's more about determining/establishing the identity through investigation.

 Sense 4 examples include "find the product of two numbers" (calculation) and finding a particle (physics discovery).

 Sense 8 examples include discovering X-rays and finding a new elementary particle.

 The key difference might be that sense 8 is for discovering something that wasn't known to exist before (a new finding), while sense 4 is for establishing/determining something through investigation (which could be finding something specific that was sought).

 In this case, they were looking for "which gene or genes had disappeared" - they knew something was missing, they were trying to identify it. This fits sense 4 (establish after investigation) better than sense 8 (make a new discovery).

 However, sense 2 could also work: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - they determined the presence/identity of the gene.

 But looking at the synonyms:
 - Sense 2: detect, observe, discover, notice
 - Sense 4: determine, find out, ascertain
 - Sense 8: discover

 The context emphasizes the investigative process: "used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes'". This suggests "ascertain" or "determine" (sense 4) rather than just "notice" or "detect" (sense 2).

 Also, the example in sense 4 about the physicist finding the elusive particle is very analogous to finding a specific gene.

 I think sense 4 (find%2:32:00::) is the best fit.

 Wait, let me double-check the index numbers. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=find%2:40:02::
 2. sense_key=find%2:39:02::
 3. sense_key=find%2:40:00::
 4. sense_key=find%2:32:00::
 5. sense_key=find%2:31:10::
 6. sense_key=find%2:39:01::
 7. sense_key=find%2:40:01::
 8. sense_key=find%2:36:00::
 9. sense_key=find%2:31:09::
 10. sense_key=find%2:40:03::
 11. sense_key=find%2:32:01::
 12. sense_key=find%2:30:00::
 13. sense_key=find%2:39:05::
 14. sense_key=find%2:40:15::
 15. sense_key=find%2:38:10::
 16. sense_key=find%2:30:13::

 So sense 4 corresponds to find%2:32:00::.

 But I should also consider sense 8 (find%2:36:00::). The definition is "make a discovery, make a new finding". In scientific contexts, finding a gene is definitely a "new finding".

 However, looking at the specific context: "found the answer" - and the answer is which specific gene was missing. This is more about determining/identifying something specific (sense 4) than making a broad discovery (sense 8).

 Also, sense 8's examples are about discovering X-rays (a new phenomenon) and finding a new elementary particle. While finding a gene is similar, the phrasing "found the answer" suggests determination/ascertainment.

 Actually, looking at sense 9 (find%2:31:09::): "make a discovery" with example "She found that he had lied to her". This is about discovering a fact.

 But sense 4 seems most precise for scientific investigation leading to identification.

 Let me reconsider sense 2 (find%2:39:02::): "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of". The example "We found traces of lead in the paint" is similar to finding a gene. But "traces of lead" is about detecting presence, whereas here they identified which specific gene was responsible.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet definitions more carefully online (in my internal knowledge), find%2:32:00:: is typically "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - this maps to "determine" or "ascertain".

 find%2:36:00:: is "discover, find" - to make a discovery.

 In many WSD datasets, scientific discoveries like finding a gene or particle are often mapped to sense 4 (find%2:32:00::) when emphasizing the investigative process, or sense 8 (find%2:36:00::) when emphasizing the discovery itself.

 But given the specific context here - "used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes'" - this emphasizes the method of investigation, which aligns with sense 4.

 Also, the contrast with the previous sentence helps: "But he did not know which gene... Then... found the answer." This suggests determining/ascertaining the identity.

 I think sense 4 is the best choice.

 Wait, I should check if there's any other sense that might fit better.

 Sense 1: accident/chance - no.
 Sense 3: find lost objects - no.
 Sense 5: emotion/intuition - no.
 Sense 6: witness/see - no.
 Sense 7: get something for a purpose - no.
 Sense 10: obtain through effort - possible, but less specific than 4 or 8.
 Sense 11: legal ruling - no.
 Sense 12: receive treatment - no.
 Sense 13: find oneself in a situation - no.
 Sense 14: recover - no.
 Sense 15: arrow finding its mark - no.
 Sense 16: find oneself (personality) - no.

 So it's between 2, 4, 8, and possibly 9.

 Sense 9 (find%2:31:09::): "make a discovery" - examples show discovering facts/information (he lied). This is weaker than 4 or 8.

 Between 2, 4, and 8:
 - 2 is perception/detection oriented (notice, detect)
 - 4 is cognition/investigation oriented (determine, ascertain)
 - 8 is creation/discovery oriented (discover something new)

 Given the scientific methodology described (gene probes, investigation), sense 4 is most appropriate.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 4 again: "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" - this is almost exactly parallel to finding a gene.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 4.

 But let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
 4. sense_key=find%2:32:00::

 Yes.

 So: {"sense_index": 4}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: ModelRun

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: answer
Target surface form: answer
Context:
Occasionally, gross chromosome damage was visible. Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the <t>answer</t>. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=answer%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation | synonyms=reply, response | examples=I waited several days for his answer; he wrote replies to several of his critics
2. sense_key=answer%1:10:02:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, result, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=answer%1:10:00:: | definition=the speech act of replying to a question
4. sense_key=answer%1:10:03:: | definition=the principal pleading by the defendant in response to plaintiff's complaint; in criminal law it consists of the defendant's plea of `guilty' or `not guilty' (or nolo contendere); in civil law it must contain denials of all allegations in the plaintiff's complaint that the defendant hopes to controvert and it can contain affirmative defenses or counterclaims
5. sense_key=answer%1:04:00:: | definition=a nonverbal reaction | examples=his answer to any problem was to get drunk; their answer was to sue me

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "answer" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses Dr. Knudson finding that some children with eye cancer had inherited a damaged chromosome 13.
 - He could see a bit of chromosome 13 was missing.
 - He assumed the missing piece contained gene(s) whose loss caused cancer, but didn't know which gene(s).
 - Then, a scientific team led by Webster Cavenee found the "answer".
 - The team used gene probes to track a gene's presence.

 So the "answer" here refers to finding out which specific gene or genes were missing/disappeared - essentially solving the problem of identifying the genetic cause.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=answer%1:10:01:: - a statement made to reply to a question/request/criticism/accusation (synonyms: reply, response)
    - This is about verbal/written replies to questions. The context isn't about replying to a question, but about finding a solution to a scientific problem.

 2. sense_key=answer%1:10:02:: - a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem (synonyms: solution, result, resolution, solvent)
    - Examples: "they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book"
    - This fits well. The scientific team found the solution to the problem of which gene was missing. They found the "answer" to the genetic question.

 3. sense_key=answer%1:10:00:: - the speech act of replying to a question
    - This is about the act of replying, not the content/solution itself. Less likely.

 4. sense_key=answer%1:10:03:: - legal definition (principal pleading by defendant)
    - Clearly not relevant to this scientific context.

 5. sense_key=answer%1:04:00:: - a nonverbal reaction
    - Examples: "his answer to any problem was to get drunk"
    - While the discovery could be seen as a reaction, the specific sense here seems to be about solutions to problems, not just any nonverbal reaction.

 The best fit is sense 2: "a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem" with synonyms like solution, result, resolution.

 The context describes a scientific mystery (which gene is missing/causing cancer) and the team "found the answer" - meaning they found the solution/identified the specific gene.

 So the answer should be sense_index: 2.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys and indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=answer%1:10:01::
 2. sense_key=answer%1:10:02::
 3. sense_key=answer%1:10:00::
 4. sense_key=answer%1:10:03::
 5. sense_key=answer%1:04:00::

 So index 2 corresponds to answer%1:10:02:: which is the "solution" sense.

 Yes, that matches. The text says "found the answer" in the sense of finding the solution to the problem of which gene was missing.

 The context mentions: "But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then... found the answer." This is clearly about finding the solution/explanation to a problem.

 Therefore, the correct sense index is 2.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: team
Target surface form: team
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The <t>team</t> used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=team%1:14:00:: | definition=a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
2. sense_key=team%1:14:01:: | definition=two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "team" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about scientific research on eye cancer and genetics.
 - "Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee..."
 - "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes'..."
 - This refers to a group of scientists working together on research.

 Candidate senses:
 1. team%1:14:00:: - a cooperative unit (especially in sports) | synonyms=squad
 2. team%1:14:01:: - two or more draft animals that work together to pull something

 Analysis:
 - Sense 1 refers to a group of people working together, especially in sports, but also used more broadly for any cooperative unit.
 - Sense 2 refers to draft animals (like horses or oxen) pulling something.

 In the context, "scientific team" clearly refers to a group of researchers/scientists working together. This matches sense 1 (a cooperative unit), even though the gloss mentions "especially in sports," the broader definition of "cooperative unit" applies to the scientific research group described.

 Sense 2 is clearly wrong because it refers to animals, not people doing scientific research.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (team%1:14:00::).

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me check the instructions again:
 "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 So I should return {"sense_index": 1} since sense 1 is the correct one.

 Actually, looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=team%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=team%1:14:01::

 So index 1 is the first one, index 2 is the second one.

 The correct answer is index 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: used
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team <t>used</t> a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "used" (lemma: use) in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The scientific team "used" a battery of newly developed "gene probes"
- The gene probes are snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence
- They employed these tools for a particular purpose (analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors)

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home

This seems to fit best. The team put the gene probes into service for the particular purpose of analyzing cells and finding defects.

2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely

This implies habitual consumption, like drug use. Doesn't fit the scientific context of employing tools.

3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions

This means to exhaust or deplete. The team didn't use up the gene probes in the sense of depleting them; they employed them as tools.

4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections

This implies exploiting or taking advantage of something/someone for personal gain. While the team did use tools to achieve an end, this sense typically implies using people or connections advantageously, not scientific instruments.

5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion

This is close, but "avail oneself to" is a bit different. The examples suggest applying principles or practicing religions. While "apply" is a synonym, sense 1 seems more specific to employing physical tools or methods.

6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week...

This is the "used to" construction indicating past habitual actions. The target is "used" as a past tense verb meaning they employed something, not "used to" indicating past habit.

So the best fit is sense 1: put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose.

The context describes scientists employing gene probes as tools to analyze cells - this is literally putting something into service for a particular purpose.

Index 1 corresponds to sense_key=use%2:34:01::.

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01::
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02::
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00::
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14::
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04::
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03::

So the indices are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Sense 1 is the correct choice.

Let me double-check:
- "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes'"
- This means they employed/utilized these probes as tools for their research.
- This matches "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose"

Yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: battery
Target surface form: battery
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a <t>battery</t> of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=battery%1:14:02:: | definition=group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place
2. sense_key=battery%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that produces electricity; may have several primary or secondary cells arranged in parallel or series | synonyms=electric battery
3. sense_key=battery%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of related things intended for use together | examples=took a battery of achievement tests
4. sense_key=battery%1:14:03:: | definition=a unit composed of the pitcher and catcher
5. sense_key=battery%1:06:03:: | definition=a series of stamps operated in one mortar for crushing ores | synonyms=stamp battery
6. sense_key=battery%1:04:01:: | definition=the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area rather than hit a specific target | synonyms=barrage, barrage fire, bombardment, shelling | examples=they laid down a barrage in front of the advancing troops; the shelling went on for hours without pausing
7. sense_key=battery%1:04:00:: | definition=an assault in which the assailant makes physical contact | synonyms=assault and battery

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "battery" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about Dr. Knudson and research on eye cancer, specifically about chromosome 13 and genes.
 - The specific sentence: "The team used a <t>battery</t> of the newly developed 'gene probes,' snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
 - Here, "battery" is used with "of" to describe a collection/set of gene probes.
 - The phrase "a battery of" is commonly used to mean a collection or series of things intended for use together.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=battery%1:14:02:: | definition=group of guns or missile launchers operated together at one place
    - This is military artillery. Not relevant here.

 2. sense_key=battery%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that produces electricity; may have several primary or secondary cells arranged in parallel or series | synonyms=electric battery
    - This is the common "battery" that powers devices. Not relevant in this scientific context about gene probes.

 3. sense_key=battery%1:14:01:: | definition=a collection of related things intended for use together | examples=took a battery of achievement tests
    - This fits perfectly. The example "took a battery of achievement tests" shows the pattern "battery of [things]".
    - In the context, it's "a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes'" - meaning a collection/set of gene probes used together.

 4. sense_key=battery%1:14:03:: | definition=a unit composed of the pitcher and catcher
    - Baseball term. Not relevant.

 5. sense_key=battery%1:06:03:: | definition=a series of stamps operated in one mortar for crushing ores | synonyms=stamp battery
    - Mining/industrial term. Not relevant.

 6. sense_key=battery%1:04:01:: | definition=the heavy fire of artillery to saturate an area rather than hit a specific target | synonyms=barrage, barrage fire, bombardment, shelling
    - Military bombardment. Not relevant.

 7. sense_key=battery%1:04:00:: | definition=an assault in which the assailant makes physical contact | synonyms=assault and battery
    - Legal term. Not relevant.

 The correct sense is clearly sense 3: "a collection of related things intended for use together" with the example "took a battery of achievement tests" which parallels "used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes'".

 The index for this sense is 3 (based on the ordering in the candidate list).

 So the answer should be: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developed
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly <t>developed</t> "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "developed" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The sentence is: "The team used a battery of the newly <t>developed</t> 'gene probes,' snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
- "developed" here is an adjective/participle modifying "gene probes"
- The meaning is that the gene probes were newly created/made/invented
- It's about making something new (gene probes as a product/creation)

Looking at candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
- This fits very well. Gene probes are a new product/creation. "newly developed" = newly made/created.

2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
- This is more about working out theories/plans. While gene probes could be "worked out," sense 1 is more specific to making something new like a product.

3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience
- Not relevant.

4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)
- Not relevant.

5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape
- This is intransitive. "developed" here is transitive (someone developed the probes).

6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable
- Not quite. It's about creating new gene probes, not changing use of existing things.

7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses
- Not relevant to physical gene probes.

8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching
- Not relevant.

9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest
- Intransitive/inchoative. Not fitting.

10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment
- Intransitive/natural growth. Not fitting for created technology.

11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced
- Intransitive. "The country developed." Not "developed gene probes."

12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development
- Natural development, not creation of technology.

13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
- This is about generating gradually, often used for markets/customers. While gene probes could be "generated," sense 1 is much better for creating a new product/tool.

14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature
- Not relevant.

15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions
- Photography. Not relevant.

16-21: Various technical meanings (geometry, chess, music, happen, math). Not relevant.

So the best sense is clearly sense 1: develop%2:36:01:: - make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation.

Wait, let me double-check the sense numbering. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01::
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00::
...

So sense_index should be 1.

Let me verify with the examples for sense 1: "Her company developed a new kind of building material" - building material is a physical product, similar to gene probes (snippets of genetic material used as tools). "They developed a new technique" - also fits the scientific context.

Sense 2: "We have developed a new theory" - this is more abstract, working out a theory. Gene probes are physical tools, not theories.

Therefore, sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: genetic
Target surface form: genetic
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of <t>genetic</t> material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00 | definition=occurring among members of a family usually by heredity | synonyms=familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible | examples=an inherited disease; familial traits
2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to or produced by or being a gene | synonyms=genic, genetical | examples=genic combinations; genetic code
3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01:: | definition=pertaining to or referring to origin | examples=genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to the science of genetics | synonyms=genetical | examples=genetic research

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "genetic" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about Dr. Knudson's research on eye cancer and chromosome 13
 - It mentions "gene probes" and "snippets of genetic material"
 - The phrase is "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell"
 - This is referring to material related to genes/DNA

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00
    - Definition: occurring among members of a family usually by heredity
    - Synonyms: familial, hereditary, inherited, transmitted, transmissible
    - Examples: an inherited disease; familial traits
    - This sense is about inheritance/hereditary traits. While the text mentions inheritance earlier ("inherited a damaged copy"), the specific phrase "genetic material" here is not about the inheritable nature but about the biological material itself.

 2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02::
    - Definition: of or relating to or produced by or being a gene
    - Synonyms: genic, genetical
    - Examples: genic combinations; genetic code
    - This sense relates directly to genes. "Genetic material" refers to material that is of or relating to genes (DNA/RNA).

 3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01::
    - Definition: pertaining to or referring to origin
    - Examples: genetic history reconstructs the origins of a literary work
    - This is about origins/etymology (like genetic criticism in literature). Not relevant here.

 4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00::
    - Definition: of or relating to the science of genetics
    - Synonyms: genetical
    - Examples: genetic research
    - This refers to the field of study. "Genetic material" isn't about the science of genetics, but about the material that constitutes genes.

 The phrase "genetic material" is a collocation referring to DNA or RNA - material that is composed of genes or relates to genes. This matches sense 2: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene".

 Sense 1 is about heritability, but "genetic material" specifically refers to the physical material (DNA) that carries genetic information, not the fact that it's inherited.

 Sense 2 is the best fit because "genetic material" means material relating to genes (DNA).

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indices correctly. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00
 2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02::
 3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01::
 4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00::

 So the indices are 1, 2, 3, 4 as listed.

 The context: "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell"

 This is clearly referring to DNA/material that is of or relating to genes. So sense 2.

 But let me reconsider sense 1. Could "genetic material" mean "hereditary material"? In some contexts, yes, but the specific definition of sense 1 is "occurring among members of a family usually by heredity" - this is an adjective describing diseases or traits that run in families. The example "an inherited disease" shows this.

 "Genetic material" in the biological sense refers to the physical substance (DNA/RNA) that carries genetic information. This is sense 2: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene".

 Sense 4 is about the science/field of genetics (e.g., "genetic research", "geneticist").

 So the answer should be index 2.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=genetic%5:00:00:inheritable:00
 2. sense_key=genetic%3:01:02::
 3. sense_key=genetic%3:01:01::
 4. sense_key=genetic%3:01:00::

 So if I choose sense 2, the JSON should be {"sense_index": 2}.

 Let me verify once more:
 - "genetic material" = DNA/RNA
 - This is material that is produced by or is a gene (or consists of genes)
 - Sense 2: "of or relating to or produced by or being a gene"
 - This fits perfectly.

 Sense 1 would be used in contexts like "genetic disease" meaning hereditary disease, but even then, "genetic disease" often means caused by genes (sense 2) rather than just inherited. But sense 1 specifically focuses on the hereditary aspect.

 In this context, "gene probes" and "snippets of genetic material" are technical biological terms referring to DNA segments. This is definitely sense 2.

 Final check: The instruction says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So I need to return the index number.

 Answer: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: material
Target surface form: material
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic <t>material</t> that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=material%1:27:00:: | definition=the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | synonyms=stuff | examples=coal is a hard black material; wheat is the stuff they use to make bread
2. sense_key=material%1:10:00:: | definition=information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form | examples=the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography
3. sense_key=material%1:06:00:: | definition=artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers | synonyms=fabric, cloth, textile | examples=the fabric in the curtains was light and semitransparent; woven cloth originated in Mesopotamia around 5000 BC
4. sense_key=material%1:06:01:: | definition=things needed for doing or making something | examples=writing materials; useful teaching materials
5. sense_key=material%1:18:00:: | definition=a person judged suitable for admission or employment | examples=he was university material; she was vice-presidential material

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "material" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about genetics and cancer research
 - It mentions "gene probes" which are described as "snippets of genetic material"
 - These snippets can track a gene's presence in a cell
 - The context is biological/genetic

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=material%1:27:00:: | definition=the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object | synonyms=stuff | examples=coal is a hard black material; wheat is the stuff they use to make bread
    - This refers to physical substance, matter. In biology, "genetic material" refers to DNA/RNA, which is the physical substance that makes up genes. This seems like a strong candidate.

 2. sense_key=material%1:10:00:: | definition=information (data or ideas or observations) that can be used or reworked into a finished form | examples=the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography
    - This refers to information/content, like research material. While genetic material carries information, in biological contexts, "genetic material" typically refers to the physical DNA molecules, not the abstract information.

 3. sense_key=material%1:06:00:: | definition=artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers | synonyms=fabric, cloth, textile
    - This is clearly about cloth/fabric. Not relevant here.

 4. sense_key=material%1:06:01:: | definition=things needed for doing or making something | examples=writing materials; useful teaching materials
    - This refers to supplies/equipment. Not relevant for "genetic material."

 5. sense_key=material%1:18:00:: | definition=a person judged suitable for admission or employment | examples=he was university material; she was vice-presidential material
    - This is about people being suitable for roles. Not relevant.

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

 "Genetic material" is a technical term in biology referring to the physical molecules (DNA, RNA) that carry genetic information. The definition in sense 1 says "the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object" - while DNA isn't exactly an "object" in the everyday sense, it is a tangible substance. The examples include "coal" and "wheat" which are substances.

 However, looking more carefully at the WordNet hierarchy:
 - Sense 1 (material%1:27:00::) is under noun.substance (1:27)
 - This sense refers to "the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object"

 In biology, "genetic material" refers to the physical substance (nucleic acids) that constitutes the genetic component of cells. This fits sense 1.

 Sense 2 (material%1:10:00::) is under noun.communication (1:10) and refers to information/data. While genes encode information, the phrase "genetic material" specifically refers to the physical carrier of that information, not the information itself.

 The context mentions "snippets of genetic material" - these are physical molecules (DNA fragments) used as probes. They are tangible substances.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indexing correctly.

 The user lists:
 1. sense_key=material%1:27:00::
 2. sense_key=material%1:10:00::
 3. sense_key=material%1:06:00::
 4. sense_key=material%1:06:01::
 5. sense_key=material%1:18:00::

 So the index numbers correspond to:
 1. First sense listed (substance)
 2. Second sense listed (information)
 3. Third sense listed (fabric)
 4. Fourth sense listed (things needed)
 5. Fifth sense listed (person suitable)

 My analysis confirms that "genetic material" uses sense 1 (the substance sense).

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet, "material" has several senses. Let me verify:
 - material%1:27:00:: - substance
 - material%1:10:00:: - information/data
 - material%1:06:00:: - fabric
 - material%1:06:01:: - equipment/supplies
 - material%1:18:00:: - person suitable

 Yes, "genetic material" = biological material = substance. So index 1.

 But wait, I should check if there's any ambiguity. The phrase is "snippets of genetic material". In molecular biology, this definitely refers to DNA/RNA molecules - physical substance.

 The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: presence
Target surface form: presence
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's <t>presence</t> in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=presence%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being present; current existence | examples=he tested for the presence of radon
2. sense_key=presence%1:15:00:: | definition=the immediate proximity of someone or something | synonyms=front | examples=she blushed in his presence; he sensed the presence of danger
3. sense_key=presence%1:18:00:: | definition=an invisible spiritual being felt to be nearby
4. sense_key=presence%1:09:00:: | definition=the impression that something is present | examples=he felt the presence of an evil force
5. sense_key=presence%1:07:00:: | definition=dignified manner or conduct | synonyms=bearing, comportment, mien
6. sense_key=presence%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "presence" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about genetics and gene probes
 - "The team used a battery of the newly developed 'gene probes,' snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell."
 - Here, "presence" refers to whether a gene exists or is located in a cell
 - It's about detecting whether something (a gene) exists or is there

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=presence%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being present; current existence | examples=he tested for the presence of radon
    - This seems to fit. It's about the existence/state of being present of something (the gene). The example "he tested for the presence of radon" is very similar - testing for the existence of something.

 2. sense_key=presence%1:15:00:: | definition=the immediate proximity of someone or something | synonyms=front | examples=she blushed in his presence; he sensed the presence of danger
    - This is about physical proximity/being near someone. Doesn't fit the genetic context.

 3. sense_key=presence%1:18:00:: | definition=an invisible spiritual being felt to be nearby
    - Spiritual context, not relevant here.

 4. sense_key=presence%1:09:00:: | definition=the impression that something is present | examples=he felt the presence of an evil force
    - This is about a feeling/impression, not actual physical existence detection.

 5. sense_key=presence%1:07:00:: | definition=dignified manner or conduct | synonyms=bearing, comportment, mien
    - This is about demeanor/behavior, not relevant.

 6. sense_key=presence%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present
    - This is about the act of attending/being there in person, not about the existence of a gene.

 The best fit is sense 1: "the state of being present; current existence" - this matches the scientific context of detecting whether a gene exists in a cell. The example "he tested for the presence of radon" parallels "track a gene's presence in a cell."

 The question asks for the sense index. Looking at the format:
 - sense_key=presence%1:26:00:: is listed as option 1
 - sense_key=presence%1:15:00:: is listed as option 2
 - etc.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
Dr. Knudson found that some children with the eye cancer had inherited a damaged copy of chromosome No. 13 from a parent who had had the disease. Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a <t>cell</t>. By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "cell" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about genetics, cancer research, chromosomes, genes
 - It mentions "gene probes" that can track a gene's presence in a cell
 - It mentions analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors
 - It talks about chromosome 13 and genetic material

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. cell%1:06:03:: - any small compartment (like honeycomb cells) - This is a physical structural sense, not biological.

 2. cell%1:03:00:: - (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms... - This is the biological definition. The context is clearly about biology, genetics, chromosomes, and organisms. The text mentions "cells extracted from eye tumors" and tracking genes in a cell.

 3. cell%1:06:00:: - electric cell (battery) - Not relevant here.

 4. cell%1:14:00:: - political cell/cadre - Not relevant.

 5. cell%1:06:04:: - cellular telephone - Not relevant.

 6. cell%1:06:02:: - monk's/nun's room - Not relevant.

 7. cell%1:06:01:: - prison cell - Not relevant.

 The context is clearly biological. It mentions:
 - "gene's presence in a cell"
 - "analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors"
 - Chromosomes and genes are found in biological cells

 Therefore, sense 2 (cell%1:03:00::) is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 2}

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The candidate senses are numbered 1-7. I need to return the index number.

 Sense 1: cell%1:06:03::
 Sense 2: cell%1:03:00::
 Sense 3: cell%1:06:00::
 Sense 4: cell%1:14:00::
 Sense 5: cell%1:06:04::
 Sense 6: cell%1:06:02::
 Sense 7: cell%1:06:01::

 So the biological sense is index 2.

 The context is definitely about biological cells - the basic unit of life, containing chromosomes and genes. The text discusses eye tumors, chromosomes, gene probes, and extracting cells from tumors. This is clearly the biological definition.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: analyze
Target surface form: analyzing
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By <t>analyzing</t> cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=analyze%2:31:00:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. sense_key=analyze%2:31:01:: | definition=make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyse, break down, dissect, take apart | examples=analyze a specimen; analyze a sentence
3. sense_key=analyze%2:31:04:: | definition=break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyse | examples=analyze today's financial market
4. sense_key=analyze%2:31:03:: | definition=subject to psychoanalytic treatment | synonyms=analyse, psychoanalyze, psychoanalyse | examples=I was analyzed in Vienna by a famous psychiatrist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "analyzing" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about scientific research on cancer and genetics
- A scientific team used "gene probes" to track genes
- By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in chromosome 13
- This is a biological/medical research context involving examining cells to find genetic defects

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=analyze%2:31:00:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyse, study, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
- This is a general sense of analyzing to understand meaning or features
- Examples include literary analysis (sonnet) and legal analysis (evidence)

2. sense_key=analyze%2:31:01:: | definition=make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyse, break down, dissect, take apart | examples=analyze a specimen; analyze a sentence
- This involves breaking down into components
- Examples include analyzing a specimen (biological) and analyzing a sentence (grammatical)
- This seems to fit the context of analyzing cells to find genetic defects

3. sense_key=analyze%2:31:04:: | definition=break down into components or essential features | synonyms=analyse | examples=analyze today's financial market
- This is similar to sense 2 but more general
- Example is financial market analysis

4. sense_key=analyze%2:31:03:: | definition=subject to psychoanalytic treatment | synonyms=analyse, psychoanalyze, psychoanalyse | examples=I was analyzed in Vienna by a famous psychiatrist
- This is specifically about psychoanalysis/therapy
- Clearly not relevant to the genetic research context

Between sense 1, 2, and 3:
- Sense 1 is more about interpreting meaning (like a sonnet or evidence)
- Sense 2 specifically mentions "chemical" analysis and "analyze a specimen" - this fits perfectly with analyzing biological cells
- Sense 3 is similar to 2 but less specific

The context involves:
- Analyzing cells (biological specimens)
- Looking for defects in chromosomes (breaking down to find components/features)
- Using scientific methods (gene probes)

Sense 2 (analyze%2:31:01::) mentions "chemical" analysis and "analyze a specimen" which aligns perfectly with analyzing biological cells in a laboratory setting to break them down into components or essential features (genetic material).

Sense 1 is too general and leans toward interpretive analysis (like literature or law).
Sense 2 is the scientific/technical breakdown sense.
Sense 3 is similar to 2 but sense 2 has better examples for this context (specimen).
Sense 4 is psychoanalysis - wrong domain.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 2 (index 2).

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=analyze%2:31:00::
2. sense_key=analyze%2:31:01::
3. sense_key=analyze%2:31:04::
4. sense_key=analyze%2:31:03::

So the indices are 1, 2, 3, 4 as listed.

Sense 2 (analyze%2:31:01::) is the one about "make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features" with example "analyze a specimen".

This matches the context of analyzing cells (biological specimens) chemically/biologically to break them down and find defects.

Actually, looking at WordNet structure, sense 2:31:01 is typically the "break down" sense used for chemical/biological analysis.

The context: "analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors" - this is definitely analyzing specimens in a laboratory setting to break them down into components (genetic material) to find defects.

So the answer should be sense_index: 2.

But let me double-check sense 3: "break down into components or essential features" - this is very similar to sense 2. Looking at WordNet, sense 2:31:04 might be a different sense. Actually, looking at the glosses:

Sense 2: "make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features"
Sense 3: "break down into components or essential features"

Sense 2 includes the method (mathematical, chemical, grammatical) while sense 3 is just the result. But sense 2 explicitly mentions "chemical" which fits the biological context, and has the example "analyze a specimen" which is exactly what is happening in the text (analyzing cells).

Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.

The JSON output should be: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cells
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing <t>cells</t> extracted from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "cell" (surface form "cells") in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text talks about molecular genetics, chromosomes, genes, cancer
 - "He could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing"
 - "gene probes... that can track a gene's presence in a cell"
 - "analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors"
 - "defects in the second copy of chromosome 13"

 This is clearly a biological/medical context. The "cells" being referred to are biological cells - the basic units of organisms, containing chromosomes and genetic material.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
    - This refers to compartments/sections (like honeycomb cells). Not biological cells.

 2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
    - This is the biological definition. Fits perfectly with the context of chromosomes, genes, eye tumors, etc.

 3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
    - This is an electrochemical cell (battery). Not relevant to genetics context.

 4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
    - This is a political/social group cell. Not relevant.

 5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone... | synonyms=cellular telephone...
    - This is a cell phone. Not relevant.

 6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
    - Monastery cell. Not relevant.

 7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell
    - Prison cell. Not relevant.

 The context clearly indicates biological cells being extracted from eye tumors and analyzed for chromosomal defects. This matches sense 2: "(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms..."

 The instruction says to return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. Wait, looking at the numbering... the senses are numbered 1-7 in the list. Sense 2 in my analysis corresponds to index 2 in the list.

 Wait, let me check the instruction again: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 The example shows index 3, but I need to return the actual index for the correct sense. The correct sense is #2 in the list (the biology one).

 So it should be {"sense_index": 2}.

 Let me double-check:
 - Sense 1: small compartment (honeycomb)
 - Sense 2: biology - basic structural unit (this is it)
 - Sense 3: electric cell
 - Sense 4: political cell
 - Sense 5: cellphone
 - Sense 6: monk's cell
 - Sense 7: prison cell

 Yes, sense 2 is correct.

 The text mentions "analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors" - these are definitely biological cells containing chromosomes.

 Final answer: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extract
Target surface form: extracted
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells <t>extracted</t> from eye tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extract%2:35:04:: | definition=remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms=pull out, pull, pull up, take out, draw out | examples=pull weeds; extract a bad tooth
2. sense_key=extract%2:40:00:: | definition=get despite difficulties or obstacles | examples=I extracted a promise from the Dean for two new positions
3. sense_key=extract%2:36:00:: | definition=deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning) | synonyms=educe, evoke, elicit, draw out | examples=We drew out some interesting linguistic data from the native informant
4. sense_key=extract%2:30:00:: | definition=extract by the process of distillation | synonyms=distill, distil | examples=distill the essence of this compound
5. sense_key=extract%2:35:07:: | definition=separate (a metal) from an ore
6. sense_key=extract%2:35:05:: | definition=obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action | synonyms=press out, express | examples=Italians express coffee rather than filter it
7. sense_key=extract%2:31:00:: | definition=take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy | synonyms=excerpt, take out
8. sense_key=extract%2:31:02:: | definition=calculate the root of a number

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "extracted" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about molecular genetics and cancer research
 - Scientists are analyzing cells "extracted" from eye tumors
 - They used gene probes to track genes
 - They found defects in chromosome 13

 The target word "extracted" is used in the phrase: "By analyzing cells extracted from eye tumors..."

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=extract%2:35:04:: | definition=remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense | synonyms=pull out, pull, pull up, take out, draw out | examples=pull weeds; extract a bad tooth
    - This seems to fit. Cells are being removed/taken out from eye tumors. Physical removal with some effort.

 2. sense_key=extract%2:40:00:: | definition=get despite difficulties or obstacles | examples=I extracted a promise from the Dean for two new positions
    - This is more abstract, about obtaining something difficult (like a promise). Not fitting for cells from tumors.

 3. sense_key=extract%2:36:00:: | definition=deduce (a principle) or construe (a meaning) | synonyms=educe, evoke, elicit, draw out | examples=We drew out some interesting linguistic data from the native informant
    - This is about deducing or eliciting information. While they are analyzing cells, the word "extracted" here refers to the physical removal of the cells from the tumors, not deducing something from them.

 4. sense_key=extract%2:30:00:: | definition=extract by the process of distillation | synonyms=distill, distil | examples=distill the essence of this compound
    - This is about distillation, which doesn't fit the context of cells from tumors.

 5. sense_key=extract%2:35:07:: | definition=separate (a metal) from an ore
    - Too specific to metallurgy, not biology.

 6. sense_key=extract%2:35:05:: | definition=obtain from a substance, as by mechanical action | synonyms=press out, express | examples=Italians express coffee rather than filter it
    - This is about pressing out (like juice or coffee). While cells could be pressed, the more general sense of "remove/take out" (sense 1) seems better for cells from tissue/tumors.

 7. sense_key=extract%2:31:00:: | definition=take out of a literary work in order to cite or copy | synonyms=excerpt, take out
    - This is about textual extraction, not biological samples.

 8. sense_key=extract%2:31:02:: | definition=calculate the root of a number
    - Mathematical sense, clearly not relevant.

 So the best fit is sense 1: "remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense" with synonyms like "pull out, pull, pull up, take out, draw out".

 In medical/scientific contexts, when we say cells are "extracted" from tumors, we mean they are removed, taken out, or isolated from the tumor tissue. This matches sense 1 perfectly.

 Sense 6 could be a distant possibility (obtain by mechanical action), but sense 1 is more general and appropriate for surgical or biopsy extraction of cells/tissue.

 The context mentions "cells extracted from eye tumors" - this is clearly a physical removal/isolation of biological material.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eye
Target surface form: eye
Context:
Under a microscope he could actually see that a bit of chromosome 13 was missing. He assumed the missing piece contained a gene or genes whose loss had a critical role in setting off the cancer. But he did not know which gene or genes had disappeared. Then, a scientific team led by molecular geneticist Webster Cavenee, then at the University of Utah, found the answer. The team used a battery of the newly developed "gene probes, "snippets of genetic material that can track a gene's presence in a cell. By analyzing cells extracted from <t>eye</t> tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13 in the exact area as in the first copy of the chromosome. The finding riveted medicine.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "eye" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about molecular genetics and cancer research.
- "By analyzing cells extracted from <t>eye</t> tumors, they found defects in the second copy of chromosome 13..."
- The word "eye" here modifies "tumors" - these are tumors located in the eye.
- So "eye" refers to the physical organ of sight.

Candidate senses:
1. eye%1:08:00:: - the organ of sight (synonyms: oculus, optic)
2. eye%1:09:00:: - good discernment (e.g., "eye for talent")
3. eye%1:09:01:: - attention to what is seen (e.g., "catch her eye")
4. eye%1:15:00:: - central area (e.g., "eye of a hurricane" - though the examples given are for "center/heart")
5. eye%1:06:00:: - small hole or loop (e.g., "eye of a needle")

In the context "eye tumors", this clearly refers to tumors of the eye organ. This is sense 1: the organ of sight.

Wait, let me double-check sense 4. Could "eye" mean a central area? Like "eye of a hurricane"? The examples given for sense 4 are "center of town", "heart of the struggle" - but the definition says "an area that is approximately central within some larger region". However, "eye tumors" doesn't mean tumors in the center of something; it means tumors in the eye organ.

Sense 1 is definitely the correct choice. The cells are extracted from eye tumors - tumors located in the physical organ of sight.

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.