[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: before
Target surface form: before
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even <t>before</t> Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=before%4:02:03:: | definition=earlier in time; previously | synonyms=earlier | examples=I had known her before; as I said before
2. sense_key=before%4:02:01:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=ahead, in front | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "before" in the given context.

 Target lemma: before
 Target surface form: before
 Context: The sentence is "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even <t>before</t> Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=before%4:02:03:: | definition=earlier in time; previously | synonyms=earlier | examples=I had known her before; as I said before
 2. sense_key=before%4:02:01:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=ahead, in front | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy

 Analysis:
 - The context is about time: "knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987"
 - This refers to knowing something prior to a specific time point (the pregnancy in 1987)
 - Sense 1 is about time ("earlier in time; previously")
 - Sense 2 is about spatial position ("at or in the front")

 The phrase "before Bonnie became pregnant" clearly indicates a temporal relationship, not a spatial one. They knew something earlier in time than when the pregnancy occurred.

 Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me check the sense keys again:
 - sense_key=before%4:02:03:: corresponds to index 1 in the list provided
 - sense_key=before%4:02:01:: corresponds to index 2 in the list provided

 So I should return {"sense_index": 1}

 The instructions say:
 1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
 2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
 3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
 4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

 So the format should be {"sense_index": 1} where 1 refers to the first sense in the candidate list provided.

 Double-checking:
 - "before Bonnie became pregnant" = temporal meaning = earlier in time
 - Sense 1: earlier in time; previously
 - Sense 2: at or in the front (spatial)

 Yes, definitely Sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: became
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie <t>became</t> pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "became" (past tense of "become") in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - "Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings."
 - "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance..."

 The phrase is "became pregnant". This means she entered or assumed the state of being pregnant.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
    - "Became pregnant" fits well here: entering/assuming the state of pregnancy.
    - Similar to "became annoyed" in the example.

 2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
    - This seems more about transformation into something else, often with "into".
    - "Became pregnant" isn't really a transformation into a different entity, but rather entering a state.

 3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence
    - This doesn't fit. Bonnie didn't "come into existence" as pregnant.

 4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit
    - Clearly wrong. "Became pregnant" has nothing to do with appearance or suiting.

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

 Sense 1: "enter or assume a certain state or condition" - pregnancy is definitely a state/condition.
 Sense 2: "undergo a change or development" - while pregnancy involves changes, the specific phrase "became pregnant" focuses on entering the state of pregnancy.

 Looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1: "He became annoyed" - entering a state (annoyed)
 - Sense 2: "Her former friend became her worst enemy" - transformation/change of identity/relationship

 "Became pregnant" is more like entering a state (sense 1) rather than undergoing a transformation into something else (sense 2). Also, "get pregnant" is synonymous with "become pregnant", and "get" is listed as a synonym in sense 1.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Moonshot AI

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pregnant
Target surface form: pregnant
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became <t>pregnant</t> in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pregnant%3:00:00:: | definition=carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life
2. sense_key=pregnant%5:00:00:meaningful:00 | definition=rich in significance or implication | synonyms=meaning, significant | examples=a meaning look
3. sense_key=pregnant%5:00:00:full:00 | definition=filled with or attended with | synonyms=fraught | examples=words fraught with meaning; an incident fraught with danger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "pregnant" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about tumor-suppressor genes, cancer risk, and genetic inheritance.
- It mentions Bill and Bonnie Quinlan, and specifically states: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became <t>pregnant</t> in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma..."
- Clearly, this refers to Bonnie becoming pregnant (carrying a developing offspring).

Now let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pregnant%3:00:00:: | definition=carrying developing offspring within the body or being about to produce new life
2. sense_key=pregnant%5:00:00:meaningful:00 | definition=rich in significance or implication | synonyms=meaning, significant | examples=a meaning look
3. sense_key=pregnant%5:00:00:full:00 | definition=filled with or attended with | synonyms=fraught | examples=words fraught with meaning; an incident fraught with danger

Analysis:
- Sense 1 is the biological/medical definition of being pregnant (carrying a child).
- Sense 2 is metaphorical ("pregnant with meaning", "pregnant pause").
- Sense 3 is also metaphorical ("pregnant with danger", etc.).

In the context, Bonnie is a woman who became pregnant (carrying a child) in 1987. This is clearly the literal biological sense.

Therefore, the correct sense is index 1.

The response should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: child
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any <t>child</t> of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "child" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about genetics, inheritance, and cancer risk.
- Bill and Bonnie Quinlan knew before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any "child" of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma.
- Mr. Quinlan carried a damaged gene and had lost an eye to the tumor.
- The context is about their offspring, their biological children.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
   - This sense focuses on young people, minors. While their child would be young when born, the emphasis here is on the relationship (offspring), not necessarily the age.

2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
   - This sense focuses on the relationship of being an offspring. The context clearly talks about "any child of theirs" - meaning their biological offspring. The genetic risk applies to their children (offspring), regardless of age (though implied to be born or unborn at this point).

3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
   - This is metaphorical or behavioral, referring to someone acting childish. Not applicable here.

4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel
   - This is a metaphorical/religious/cultural sense (like "children of Israel"). Not applicable to biological offspring in a genetic context.

The context is clearly talking about biological offspring - the children that Bill and Bonnie Quinlan would have. The genetic inheritance pattern affects their offspring. Sense 2 (child%1:18:01::) is the best fit because it refers to "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age."

While sense 1 could work (since a newborn is a young person), sense 2 is more precise because:
1. The context emphasizes the genetic relationship (offspring of the parents)
2. The phrase "any child of theirs" specifically denotes possession/relationship ("of theirs")
3. The genetic risk applies to their offspring, not just to young people in general

Sense 2 examples include "they had three children" which matches the possessive/relational context here ("child of theirs").

Therefore, the best sense is index 2.

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00::
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01::
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06::
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07::

So index 2 corresponds to sense_key=child%1:18:01::.

Actually, looking carefully at the WordNet sense keys:
- child%1:18:00:: usually corresponds to sense 1 (young person)
- child%1:18:01:: usually corresponds to sense 2 (offspring)

Yes, so the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

Let me double-check:
- The context: "any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma"
- This is about their offspring, their biological children.
- Sense 2 definition: "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age"
- This fits perfectly.

Sense 1 focuses on age ("young person"), which while technically true of a newborn, is not the primary semantic focus here. The focus is on the genetic relationship (offspring).

So the answer is sense_index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: chance
Target surface form: chance
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% <t>chance</t> of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=chance%1:26:00:: | definition=a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances | synonyms=opportunity | examples=the holiday gave us the opportunity to visit Washington; now is your chance
2. sense_key=chance%1:19:00:: | definition=an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another | synonyms=luck, fortune, hazard | examples=bad luck caused his downfall; we ran into each other by pure chance
3. sense_key=chance%1:04:00:: | definition=a risk involving danger | examples=you take a chance when you let her drive
4. sense_key=chance%1:07:00:: | definition=a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible | synonyms=probability | examples=the probability that an unbiased coin will fall with the head up is 0.5
5. sense_key=chance%1:26:01:: | definition=the possibility of future success | synonyms=prospect | examples=his prospects as a writer are excellent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "chance" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- "any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma"
- This is talking about probability, likelihood, statistical chance.
- The phrase "50% chance" strongly indicates a mathematical or statistical probability.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=chance%1:26:00:: - "a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances" - synonyms: opportunity. Examples: "the holiday gave us the opportunity to visit Washington; now is your chance". This is about opportunity, not probability.

2. sense_key=chance%1:19:00:: - "an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another" - synonyms: luck, fortune, hazard. Examples: "bad luck caused his downfall; we ran into each other by pure chance". This is about luck/fortune as a force.

3. sense_key=chance%1:04:00:: - "a risk involving danger" - examples: "you take a chance when you let her drive". This is about taking risks.

4. sense_key=chance%1:07:00:: - "a measure of how likely it is that some event will occur; a number expressing the ratio of favorable cases to the whole number of cases possible" - synonyms: probability. Examples: "the probability that an unbiased coin will fall with the head up is 0.5". This matches perfectly with "50% chance".

5. sense_key=chance%1:26:01:: - "the possibility of future success" - synonyms: prospect. Examples: "his prospects as a writer are excellent". This is about future outlook/success.

The context clearly uses "chance" as a mathematical probability (50%). Sense 4 is the best fit.

Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=chance%1:26:00::
2. sense_key=chance%1:19:00::
3. sense_key=chance%1:04:00::
4. sense_key=chance%1:07:00::
5. sense_key=chance%1:26:01::

So sense_index should be 4.

The instructions say: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So I need to return {"sense_index": 4}.

Let me make sure there isn't any ambiguity. "50% chance" - is this sense 4 or sense 2? Sense 2 is about luck/fortune as a phenomenon. But "50%" quantifies it, making it clearly a measure of likelihood (probability). The example in sense 4 even mentions "0.5" which is 50%. This is definitely sense 4.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: eye
Target surface form: eye
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an <t>eye</t> cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart | examples=it is in the center of town; they ran forward into the heart of the struggle
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "eye" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The context is about retinoblastoma, described as "an eye cancer". The text mentions:
- "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births"
- "having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old"

So "eye" here refers to the physical organ of sight/vision. It's referring to the biological organ that can develop cancer (retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina, which is part of the eye).

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: | definition=the organ of sight | synonyms=oculus, optic
   - This is the anatomical/physical organ of sight. This fits perfectly with "eye cancer" (cancer of the eye organ) and "lost an eye" (lost the physical organ).

2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: | definition=good discernment (either visually or as if visually) | examples=she has an eye for fresh talent; he has an artist's eye
   - This is a metaphorical sense about discernment/judgment. Not applicable here.

3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: | definition=attention to what is seen | examples=he tried to catch her eye
   - This is about attention or gaze. Not applicable here.

4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: | definition=an area that is approximately central within some larger region | synonyms=center, centre, middle, heart
   - This is about a central area (like "eye of the storm"). Not applicable here.

5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: | definition=a small hole or loop (as in a needle) | examples=the thread wouldn't go through the eye
   - This is about the eye of a needle. Not applicable here.

The context clearly refers to the anatomical organ. The word "eye" in "eye cancer" refers to the organ that can be affected by cancer. Additionally, "lost an eye" clearly means losing the physical organ.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 1: "the organ of sight".

The user wants the output as a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

Wait, I need to check the numbering. The user lists:
1. sense_key=eye%1:08:00:: ...
2. sense_key=eye%1:09:00:: ...
3. sense_key=eye%1:09:01:: ...
4. sense_key=eye%1:15:00:: ...
5. sense_key=eye%1:06:00:: ...

So sense 1 is indeed the correct one.

Let me double-check:
- "retinoblastoma" is specifically a cancer of the retina, which is part of the eye (organ of sight).
- "lost an eye" refers to surgical removal of the eye organ.
- The context is entirely medical/anatomical.

Yes, sense 1 is correct.

The instructions say:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

So I should return: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye <t>cancer</t> that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "cancer" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about genetics, tumor-suppressor genes, cell growth, malignant growths
 - It mentions "retina blastoma, an eye cancer"
 - It discusses cancer diagnosis, cancer-susceptible individuals
 - It mentions "rare tumor" in relation to the eye cancer

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: - This is the medical definition: malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal cell division. Synonyms: malignant neoplastic disease.
 2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: - Astrology: a person born under the Cancer sign. Synonyms: Crab.
 3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: - Astronomy: a zodiacal constellation.
 4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: - Astrology: the fourth sign of the zodiac.
 5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: - Biology: genus of crabs (Cancridae).

 The context clearly discusses:
 - tumor-suppressor genes
 - malignant growths
 - retinoblastoma as an "eye cancer"
 - cell division and tumors

 This is clearly sense 1: the medical/pathological sense referring to malignant neoplastic disease.

 The other senses (2-5) are about astrology, constellations, or crabs, which are completely unrelated to the context about genetics and tumors.

 Therefore, the correct sense is index 1.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00::
 2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00::
 3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00::
 4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00::
 5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00::

 So sense_index would be 1.

 But I should verify: is there any ambiguity? The text mentions "Cancer" as a disease, specifically in the phrase "eye cancer" referring to retinoblastoma. This is definitely the malignant tumor sense.

 The instructions say:
 - Do not answer with a WordNet sense key
 - Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}
 - Choose the single best indexed sense

 So I should return: {"sense_index": 1}

 Let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the mapping:
 - cancer%1:26:00:: is indeed the disease sense (noun.state or noun.phenomenon? Actually 26 would be noun.state probably)
 - cancer%1:18:00:: would be noun.person
 - cancer%1:17:00:: would be noun.object (constellation)
 - cancer%1:15:00:: would be noun.location or noun.time? (zodiac sign)
 - cancer%1:05:00:: would be noun.animal (genus)

 Actually looking at WordNet:
 - cancer (n) - any malignant growth... [Synset: malignant_neoplastic_disease] - lexicographer file: noun.state (26)
 - Cancer (n) - (astrology) a person... [Synset: Cancer, Crab] - lexicographer file: noun.person (18)
 - Cancer (n) - a small zodiacal constellation... [Synset: Cancer] - lexicographer file: noun.object (17)
 - Cancer (n) - the fourth sign... [Synset: Cancer_the_Crab, Cancer, Crab] - lexicographer file: noun.time (28? no, wait) actually noun.location? Let me check... usually signs are noun.time or noun.cognition... but the key shows 15 which is noun.location I think.
 - Cancer (n) - type genus... [Synset: genus_Cancer] - lexicographer file: noun.animal (05)

 Actually the numbers in the sense key are: %1:XX:YY where XX is the lexicographer file number.
 - 26 = noun.state (medical condition)
 - 18 = noun.person
 - 17 = noun.object
 - 15 = noun.location
 - 05 = noun.animal

 So yes, sense 1 is definitely the correct one for the medical context.

 The context explicitly discusses tumor-suppressor genes, cell growth, malignant tumors, retinoblastoma (an eye cancer), etc. This is unambiguously the disease sense.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: occur
Target surface form: occurs
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that <t>occurs</t> about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=occur%2:30:00:: | definition=come to pass | synonyms=happen, hap, go on, pass off, pass, fall out | examples=What is happening?; The meeting took place off without an incidence
2. sense_key=occur%2:31:00:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=come | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
3. sense_key=occur%2:42:03:: | definition=to be found to exist | examples=sexism occurs in many workplaces; precious stones occur in a large area in Brazil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "occurs" in the given context. Let me analyze the context and the candidate senses.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births"

This is describing retinoblastoma (an eye cancer) and stating how frequently it happens or exists in the population - specifically, it happens/exists about once every 20,000 births.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=occur%2:30:00:: | definition=come to pass | synonyms=happen, hap, go on, pass off, pass, fall out | examples=What is happening?; The meeting took place off without an incidence
   - This sense is about events happening, taking place, coming to pass.
   - "Cancer occurs" could fit here as an event happening.

2. sense_key=occur%2:31:00:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=come | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
   - This is about ideas coming to mind. Clearly not applicable here since we're talking about cancer, not thoughts.

3. sense_key=occur%2:42:03:: | definition=to be found to exist | examples=sexism occurs in many workplaces; precious stones occur in a large area in Brazil
   - This sense is about something being found to exist in a particular place or context.
   - Examples show "sexism occurs in..." and "precious stones occur in..."
   - The pattern is: [phenomenon/thing] occurs in/at [location/frequency]

Comparing sense 1 and sense 3:
- Sense 1 focuses on events happening, taking place (temporal).
- Sense 3 focuses on things being found to exist in certain locations or contexts (spatial/existential).

In the sentence "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births":
- We're talking about the incidence/existence of a disease in a population.
- The phrase "about once every 20,000 births" indicates frequency of occurrence/existence in the population.
- This is similar to the example "sexism occurs in many workplaces" - it's about where/how often something is found to exist.

However, I need to be careful. In medical/biological contexts, when we say a disease "occurs" with a certain frequency, we could interpret it as:
- Sense 1: the event of the disease happening (coming to pass)
- Sense 3: the disease being found to exist (in the population)

Looking at the examples for sense 3: "sexism occurs in many workplaces" - this is about the existence/ presence of something in a location.
"precious stones occur in a large area in Brazil" - this is about geographical distribution/existence.

For sense 1: "What is happening?" - this is about events unfolding.

In "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births", the cancer is being described in terms of its frequency of happening/appearing in the population. This could go either way, but let me look more carefully.

Actually, looking at WordNet sense distinctions:
- Sense 1 (occur%2:30:00::) is the general "happen" sense.
- Sense 3 (occur%2:42:03::) is specifically "to be found to exist" - this is used for things like minerals, phenomena, etc. that exist in certain places.

In the context of diseases and birth defects, when we say it "occurs" with a certain frequency, we're typically using sense 1 (it happens/comes to pass with that frequency) or sense 3 (it is found to exist with that frequency).

But looking at the specific examples:
- Sense 3 examples: "sexism occurs in many workplaces" - sexism exists in workplaces
- "precious stones occur in a large area" - stones exist in that area

The target sentence: "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births"
This is saying the cancer happens/appears in approximately 1 in 20,000 births.

Wait, I should look at the exact WordNet definitions more carefully. The user provided:
1. come to pass (happen)
3. to be found to exist

In many WSD datasets, "occur" in the sense of diseases happening is often sense 1. But let me think about the specific phrase "occurs about once every 20,000 births".

Actually, looking at the pattern:
- "occur" + frequency (once every...) usually aligns with sense 1 (happen).
- "occur" + location (in Brazil, in workplaces) usually aligns with sense 3 (be found to exist).

But the example for sense 3 includes "sexism occurs in many workplaces" which is similar to a disease occurring in births.

Let me reconsider. The distinction in WordNet is often:
- Sense 1: Events occurring/happening (temporal)
- Sense 3: Things being found/existing in places (spatial)

But "occurs once every 20,000 births" is clearly temporal/frequency-based, not spatial. It's about how often the event happens.

However, medical usage often blurs this. Let me look at the exact verb frames.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet disambiguation:
- "occur" meaning "happen" (sense 1) is for events.
- "occur" meaning "be found" (sense 3) is for substances, minerals, phenomena that exist in locations.

Cancer is an event (a disease develops) but also a condition that exists.

But the specific phrase "occurs about once every 20,000 births" strongly suggests the "happen" sense (sense 1), because:
1. It's specifying a frequency rate (how often it happens)
2. It's describing an incidence rate

Wait, I need to check if there's a pattern where diseases "occur" in sense 3. The example "sexism occurs in many workplaces" is about a phenomenon existing in locations. "Retinoblastoma occurs in 1 in 20,000 births" is about the rate of incidence.

Actually, looking carefully at the sentence structure:
"an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births"

This is defining the cancer by its frequency of occurrence. This is similar to saying "a phenomenon that occurs frequently."

In WordNet, sense 1 (come to pass) is the more general sense for events happening. Sense 3 is specifically for "to be found to exist" which is more about spatial distribution.

But "once every 20,000 births" is a temporal frequency (over time, in births), not a spatial location.

However, looking at sense 3's examples again:
- "sexism occurs in many workplaces"
- "precious stones occur in a large area in Brazil"

These are spatial.

Sense 1 examples:
- "What is happening?"
- "The meeting took place off without an incidence"

These are eventive.

Disease incidence is typically considered an event (the disease develops), so sense 1 seems more appropriate.

But I need to be careful. Let me think about whether "occur" in epidemiological contexts (disease rates) is sense 1 or 3.

Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 documentation:
- occur%2:30:00:: - happen, occur, take place (events)
- occur%2:42:03:: - occur, be found (existence in a place)

The phrase "occurs about once every 20,000 births" is describing the rate at which the event happens. It's saying "this cancer happens/occurs with frequency X".

Therefore, sense 1 seems correct.

But wait, let me double-check by looking at similar examples in SemCor or other WSD datasets mentally. Usually, when something "occurs" with a frequency (e.g., "earthquakes occur frequently"), it's sense 1.

However, there's a complication. Sometimes "occur" with diseases is sense 3 if it's talking about where they are found, but with frequency, it's sense 1.

Let me look at the exact wording again: "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births"

If I substitute synonyms:
- Sense 1 synonyms: happens, goes on, comes to pass
  - "an eye cancer that happens about once every 20,000 births" - This works.
  - "an eye cancer that comes to pass about once..." - This is awkward.

- Sense 3 synonyms: (none listed except "come" which is different), definition: to be found to exist
  - "an eye cancer that is found to exist about once every 20,000 births" - This works but is clunky.

Actually, looking at the sense 2 (which is irrelevant here but for completeness): come to one's mind - definitely wrong.

Between 1 and 3:
The key distinction is that sense 3 requires a location/context where something is found, while sense 1 is about events happening.

"Once every 20,000 births" is a rate, not a location. It's describing how often the cancer develops (an event).

Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice.

Wait, I want to reconsider. Is "births" a location or a temporal context? It's a population context. "In 20,000 births" could be interpreted as a scope/context where the cancer is found.

But the phrase "once every" strongly temporalizes it.

Let me check if there's any guidance from the examples provided in the prompt:
- Sense 1: "What is happening?", "The meeting took place off without an incidence"
- Sense 3: "sexism occurs in many workplaces", "precious stones occur in a large area in Brazil"

The target is closer to sense 1 in terms of event happening, but closer to sense 3 in terms of describing a phenomenon's presence.

However, "cancer" in this context is an event (the development of cancer). When we say "cancer occurs", we mean the disease develops/happens.

Also, comparing "occurs about once every 20,000 births" to the examples:
- Similar to "What is happening?" (events)
- Dissimilar to "sexism occurs in workplaces" (static existence in locations)

I think sense 1 is correct.

But I recall that in some WSD systems, "occur" with frequency adverbials (like "frequently", "rarely", "once every...") maps to sense 1, while "occur" with locative prepositional phrases ("in Brazil", "in the soil") maps to sense 3.

Here we have "once every 20,000 births" which is a frequency adverbial.

Therefore: sense_index: 1

Wait, I should verify once more. Could it be sense 3?

Sense 3: "to be found to exist"
If I say "Diamonds occur in Brazil", I mean diamonds are found in Brazil.
If I say "This cancer occurs in 1 in 20,000 births", I could mean this cancer is found in 1 in 20,000 births.

But the more natural reading is that the cancer develops/happens in 1 in 20,000 cases.

Moreover, looking at the WordNet sense numbering:
- 2:30:00 is the "happen" sense (more common, general)
- 2:42:03 is the "be found" sense (specific to existence in locations)

Given that this is about a disease appearing in a population over time (births), and the frequency is specified, sense 1 is the appropriate choice.

Final decision: sense_index: 1


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: about
Target surface form: about
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs <t>about</t> once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute
2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help
3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around
4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about
5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around
6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play
7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "about" in the given context.

 Context: "...an eye cancer that occurs <t>about</t> once every 20,000 births."

 The target word "about" is modifying "once every 20,000 births", indicating an approximate frequency or quantity.

 Let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=about%4:02:00:: | definition=(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct | synonyms=approximately, close to, just about, some, roughly, more or less | examples=lasted approximately an hour; in just about a minute

 This sense fits perfectly. The phrase "about once every 20,000 births" means approximately once every 20,000 births - it's giving an imprecise but close estimate of the frequency.

 2. sense_key=about%4:02:06:: | definition=all around or on all sides | synonyms=around | examples=dirty clothes lying around (or about); let's look about for help

 This is spatial, meaning surrounding. Doesn't fit.

 3. sense_key=about%4:02:01:: | definition=in the area or vicinity | synonyms=around | examples=a few spectators standing about; hanging around

 This is also spatial, meaning nearby. Doesn't fit.

 4. sense_key=about%4:02:04:: | definition=used of movement to or among many different places or in no particular direction | synonyms=around | examples=wandering about with no place to go; people were rushing about

 This indicates movement in various directions. Doesn't fit.

 5. sense_key=about%4:02:02:: | definition=in or to a reversed position or direction | synonyms=around | examples=about face; suddenly she turned around

 This indicates reversal. Doesn't fit.

 6. sense_key=about%4:02:03:: | definition=in rotation or succession | examples=turn about is fair play

 This indicates alternation or rotation. Doesn't fit.

 7. sense_key=about%4:02:05:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=almost, most, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

 This means "almost" or "nearly". While "about" can mean "almost" in some contexts (like "about done"), in the phrase "about once every 20,000 births", it means "approximately" rather than "almost". The difference is subtle but important:
 - "approximately once every 20,000 births" = roughly/around that frequency
 - "almost once every 20,000 births" = nearly that frequency but slightly less

 The context is clearly giving a statistical approximation of how often the cancer occurs. Sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The index for sense 1 is: about%4:02:00:: which corresponds to sense_index 1.

 Wait, I need to check the format. The user wants me to return {"sense_index": 3} format, where the number corresponds to the index in the list provided.

 Looking at the list:
 1. sense_key=about%4:02:00::
 2. sense_key=about%4:02:06::
 3. sense_key=about%4:02:01::
 4. sense_key=about%4:02:04::
 5. sense_key=about%4:02:02::
 6. sense_key=about%4:02:03::
 7. sense_key=about%4:02:05::

 So sense 1 is the first one in the list.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me double-check:
 - The context is "occurs about once every 20,000 births"
 - This is clearly indicating an approximate quantity/frequency
 - Sense 1: "(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct" - matches
 - Sense 7: "(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but" - this is for things like "about to happen" or "about done", not for statistical frequencies.

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.

 The output should be exactly: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: once
Target surface form: once
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about <t>once</t> every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "once" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is: "an eye cancer that occurs about <t>once</t> every 20,000 births"
- This is describing the frequency of occurrence of retinoblastoma
- It means the cancer happens one time in every 20,000 births, or on one occasion per 20,000 births

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=once%4:02:00:: | definition=on one occasion | synonyms=one time, in one case | examples=once I ran into her
   - This sense refers to something happening one time or on a single occasion
   - In the context "occurs about once every 20,000 births", this fits perfectly - it means it happens one time per 20,000 births

2. sense_key=once%4:02:02:: | definition=as soon as | examples=once we are home, we can rest
   - This is a temporal conjunction meaning "as soon as" or "when"
   - Doesn't fit the context of frequency/occurrence

3. sense_key=once%4:02:01:: | definition=at a previous time | synonyms=formerly, at one time, erstwhile, erst | examples=at one time he loved her; her erstwhile writing
   - This refers to something happening in the past, formerly
   - Doesn't fit the context of frequency

The context is clearly about frequency of occurrence - "occurs about once every 20,000 births" means it happens one time per 20,000 births. This matches sense 1: "on one occasion" or "one time".

The example "once I ran into her" also shows this usage - meaning on one occasion I ran into her.

So the correct sense is index 1.

Wait, let me double-check the sense indices:
- Sense 1: once%4:02:00:: (on one occasion)
- Sense 2: once%4:02:02:: (as soon as)
- Sense 3: once%4:02:01:: (at a previous time)

Actually, looking at the ordering:
1. sense_key=once%4:02:00::
2. sense_key=once%4:02:02::
3. sense_key=once%4:02:01::

But the user asks for the "sense_index" which seems to refer to the numbered position in the list (1, 2, or 3).

So:
- Index 1 = on one occasion
- Index 2 = as soon as
- Index 3 = at a previous time

The correct answer is index 1.

The context "occurs about once every 20,000 births" uses "once" to mean "one time" or "on one occasion" per 20,000 births, which is a frequency expression.

Yes, definitely sense 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: birth
Target surface form: births
Context:
Like all genes, tumor-suppressor genes are inherited in two copies, one from each parent. Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 <t>births</t>. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=birth%1:28:00:: | definition=the time when something begins (especially life) | examples=they divorced after the birth of the child; his election signaled the birth of a new age
2. sense_key=birth%1:11:00:: | definition=the event of being born | synonyms=nativity, nascency, nascence | examples=they celebrated the birth of their first child
3. sense_key=birth%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of giving birth | synonyms=parturition, giving birth, birthing
4. sense_key=birth%1:24:00:: | definition=the kinship relation of an offspring to the parents | synonyms=parentage
5. sense_key=birth%1:18:00:: | definition=a baby born; an offspring | examples=the overall rate of incidence of Down's syndrome is one in every 800 births

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "births" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

The target word is "births" in the phrase: "an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 <t>births</t>."

Looking at the context:
- The sentence discusses retinoblastoma, an eye cancer
- It says the cancer occurs about once every 20,000 births
- This is referring to the incidence rate of the cancer per number of babies born

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=birth%1:28:00:: | definition=the time when something begins (especially life) | examples=they divorced after the birth of the child; his election signaled the birth of a new age
   - This refers to the time/period when something begins. The example "birth of a new age" suggests this is more metaphorical or about the beginning point. But in the context "every 20,000 births", we're talking about individual instances of babies being born, not the time when something begins.

2. sense_key=birth%1:11:00:: | definition=the event of being born | synonyms=nativity, nascency, nascence | examples=they celebrated the birth of their first child
   - This refers to the event/act of being born. "They celebrated the birth" - this is the event. But "every 20,000 births" seems to be counting instances of babies born, not the event itself... or is it? Actually, "births" here could mean instances of the event of being born.

3. sense_key=birth%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of giving birth | synonyms=parturition, giving birth, birthing
   - This refers to the process/action of giving birth (what the mother does). The example would be "the birth took 10 hours". But in "every 20,000 births", we're not talking about the process of giving birth, but rather the outcome or the instance of a child being born.

4. sense_key=birth%1:24:00:: | definition=the kinship relation of an offspring to the parents | synonyms=parentage
   - This is about the relationship. "He is of noble birth." This doesn't fit "every 20,000 births" in the statistical sense.

5. sense_key=birth%1:18:00:: | definition=a baby born; an offspring | examples=the overall rate of incidence of Down's syndrome is one in every 800 births
   - This definition explicitly mentions "a baby born; an offspring" and the example is exactly parallel to our context: "one in every 800 births" referring to Down's syndrome incidence.

Comparing sense 2 and sense 5:
- Sense 2 (birth%1:11:00::): "the event of being born" - focuses on the event
- Sense 5 (birth%1:18:00::): "a baby born; an offspring" - focuses on the result/offspring

In medical/statistical contexts like "once every 20,000 births", we are counting the number of babies born (offspring), not the events per se, though there's overlap. However, the example provided for sense 5 is almost identical to our context: "the overall rate of incidence of Down's syndrome is one in every 800 births."

This strongly suggests sense 5 is the correct one. The phrase "every 20,000 births" means "for every 20,000 babies born" or "out of every 20,000 offspring."

Let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indices correctly:
- birth%1:28:00:: - noun.time (the time when something begins)
- birth%1:11:00:: - noun.event (the event of being born)
- birth%1:22:00:: - noun.act (the process of giving birth)
- birth%1:24:00:: - noun.relation (kinship relation)
- birth%1:18:00:: - noun.person (a baby born; an offspring) - wait, 1:18 is noun.person? Let me think... actually in WordNet, 1:18 is noun.person (people). But "birth" as "a baby born" would be a noun denoting a person.

Actually, looking at the sense keys:
- 1:28 -> noun.time
- 1:11 -> noun.event
- 1:22 -> noun.act
- 1:24 -> noun.relation
- 1:18 -> noun.person

Yes, sense 5 is the "offspring" sense.

In the context: "occurs about once every 20,000 births" - this is clearly referring to the rate per number of babies born. This matches sense 5 perfectly.

Therefore, the answer should be sense index 5.

Wait, I need to check the instructions again. The user says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So I need to return the index number.

The candidate senses are numbered 1-5 in the list. So sense_key=birth%1:18:00:: corresponds to index 5.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 5}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: knew
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, <t>knew</t> he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "knew" (lemma: know) in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old..."

The sentence means that Mr. Quinlan was aware/cognizant that he carried a damaged gene. He possessed this information about himself.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!

2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit...

3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun

4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object...

5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations...

6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed...

7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind...

8. sense_key=know%2:31:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with... (Biblical sense)

9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of...

10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish...

11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar...

Now, the distinction between sense 1 and sense 3 is subtle. Let me look more carefully.

Sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about"
- Examples: "I know that the President lied to the people"; "I want to know who is winning the game!"
- This seems to be about knowing facts or having information.

Sense 3: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt"
- Examples: "I know that I left the key on the table"; "Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun"
- This seems to emphasize certainty about truth, often propositional knowledge with conviction.

In the context: "Mr. Quinlan... knew he carried a damaged gene"
This is about possessing the information/fact that he carried a damaged gene. It's a specific piece of information about himself. He was cognizant/aware of this fact.

Wait, let me reconsider. The context says he knew he carried a damaged gene because he had lost an eye to the tumor and his mother had the same fate. This is factual knowledge.

Looking at the examples for sense 1: "I know that the President lied to the people" - this is knowing a fact.
Looking at examples for sense 3: "I know that I left the key on the table" - this is also knowing a fact, but with emphasis on certainty/truth.

Actually, in WordNet, these are very close. Let me think about the typical distinction:
- know%2:31:01:: is often the most general sense of knowing facts/information (cognize, cognise)
- know%2:31:02:: emphasizes awareness of truth, belief, faith, regarding as true beyond doubt

The context "knew he carried a damaged gene" - is this about being aware of a specific piece of information (sense 1) or being aware of the truth of something (sense 3)?

Actually, looking at the gloss for sense 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about"
And sense 3: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt"

The phrase "he carried a damaged gene" is a specific piece of information/fact about himself. Sense 1 seems to fit best because it's about possessing knowledge or information about a fact. The examples for sense 1 include "I know that the President lied to the people" which is structurally very similar to "he knew he carried a damaged gene."

However, sense 3 examples "I know that I left the key on the table" are also structurally similar. But sense 3's gloss mentions "have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt" which seems more about epistemic certainty. The context here is more about having the information that he carried the gene (perhaps from medical diagnosis or family history), not necessarily about being certain of a truth that others might doubt.

Wait, looking at the previous sentence: "The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance..." - this is also knowing a fact/information.

And "Mr. Quinlan... knew he carried a damaged gene" - this is knowing a specific piece of information about oneself.

Sense 1 seems like the best fit. It's the most general and common sense for "know that..." when referring to factual knowledge.

Let me double-check if any other sense could fit:
- Sense 5 (experience): "have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations" - He did experience losing an eye, but "knew he carried a damaged gene" is not about experiencing the gene itself, it's about knowing the fact. Though one could argue he knows it through experience, the direct object is the proposition "he carried a damaged gene," not a state/sensation.
- Sense 7 (have fixed in the mind): "I know Latin" - This is about learned knowledge, but "he carried a damaged gene" is a specific biographical fact, not a body of knowledge.
- Sense 4 (acquainted): Not fitting.
- Sense 6 (acknowledge): Not quite, though close. But "acknowledge" usually implies accepting someone else's claim or authority.

Between sense 1 and 3, I think sense 1 is better because:
1. The gloss mentions "a fact or a specific piece of information" - carrying a damaged gene is a specific piece of information.
2. The synonym "cognize, cognise" fits with becoming aware/having knowledge of a fact.
3. The example "I know that the President lied to the people" parallels "knew he carried a damaged gene" very closely.

Sense 3 emphasizes "truth" and "belief or faith" and "beyond any doubt" - while Mr. Quinlan presumably doesn't doubt it, the emphasis of the sentence is on his possession of this information, not on his certainty regarding a potentially disputed truth.

Therefore, sense index 1 is the best choice.

Wait, I need to be careful. In WordNet, the sense numbering in the candidate list might not match the sense key numbering. Let me check:

Candidate 1: sense_key=know%2:31:01::
Candidate 2: sense_key=know%2:31:03::
Candidate 3: sense_key=know%2:31:02::
Candidate 4: sense_key=know%2:31:00::
Candidate 5: sense_key=know%2:31:04::
Candidate 6: sense_key=know%2:31:06::
Candidate 7: sense_key=know%2:31:15::
Candidate 8: sense_key=know%2:31:35:00:: (actually it says know%2:35:00::)
Candidate 9: sense_key=know%2:31:11::
Candidate 10: sense_key=know%2:31:12::
Candidate 11: sense_key=know%2:31:14::

The user asks for the "best indexed sense" and to return {"sense_index": 3} where the number refers to the candidate index (1-11), not the WordNet sense key.

So if I choose candidate 1, I return {"sense_index": 1}.
If I choose candidate 3, I return {"sense_index": 3}.

I believe candidate 1 (sense_key=know%2:31:01::) is the best fit.

Let me reconsider one more time. Is there any reason to prefer candidate 3 (sense_key=know%2:31:02::)?

Candidate 3: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt"
Examples: "I know that I left the key on the table"; "Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun"

The Galileo example is interesting - it's about knowing a scientific truth. The key example is about knowing a personal fact with certainty.

Candidate 1: "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about"
Examples: "I know that the President lied to the people"; "I want to know who is winning the game!"

The President example is about knowing a fact. The game example is about knowing information.

In the context, Mr. Quinlan knew he carried a damaged gene. This is a specific piece of information about his genetic condition. It's biographical/medical information. Candidate 1 seems to emphasize possession of information, while candidate 3 emphasizes awareness of truth/certainty.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet sense distinctions for "know":
- know%2:31:01:: (often sense 1 in WordNet 3.0) - know, cognize, cognise - be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information
- know%2:31:02:: (often sense 2) - know - know the nature or character of
- know%2:31:03:: (often sense 3) - know - be aware of the truth of something

Wait, the candidate list has:
1. know%2:31:01::
2. know%2:31:03::
3. know%2:31:02::

So the WordNet lexicographer file offsets are 01, 03, 02. This is a bit unusual but the candidate indices are 1, 2, 3, etc.

In WordNet, know%2:31:01:: is typically the first sense (most common): "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about"
know%2:31:02:: is typically: "know the nature or character of"
know%2:31:03:: is typically: "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt"

Wait, looking at the candidates again:
Candidate 3 has sense_key know%2:31:02:: and definition "be aware of the truth of something..."
Candidate 2 has sense_key know%2:31:03:: and definition "know how to do or perform something"

Actually, looking at standard WordNet 3.1:
- know, cognize, cognise (be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information) - usually sense 1
- know (know how to do or perform something) - usually sense 3? No, usually sense 2 is "know how to do"
- know (be aware of the truth of something) - usually sense 3?

Actually, standard WordNet ordering:
1. know, cognize, cognise - be cognizant or aware...
2. know - know how to do or perform something
3. know - be aware of the truth of something...
4. know - be familiar or acquainted...
5. know, experience, live - have firsthand knowledge...

But the candidate list seems to have a different ordering. Let me not rely on standard WordNet order and just look at the definitions provided.

Candidate 1: know%2:31:01:: - be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about
Candidate 2: know%2:31:03:: - know how to do or perform something
Candidate 3: know%2:31:02:: - be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt

So candidate 1 and 3 are the two main "propositional knowledge" senses.

For "knew he carried a damaged gene":
- This is knowing a fact about oneself.
- Candidate 1: "possess knowledge or information about" - fits well.
- Candidate 3: "be aware of the truth of something" - also fits.

But candidate 1's examples: "I know that the President lied to the people" - this is exactly the same syntactic structure: know + that-clause with a fact.
Candidate 3's examples: "I know that I left the key on the table" - also same structure.

However, candidate 3 emphasizes "beyond any doubt" and "belief or faith". The context doesn't suggest any doubt or faith issue. It's simply stating that he had this information. Also, candidate 1 is the broader, more general sense of knowing a fact.

Moreover, in WSD tasks, know%2:31:01:: is typically the default sense for "know that X" when X is a piece of information/fact.

I think candidate 1 is the correct choice.

Wait, I should also consider candidate 5: know%2:31:04:: - have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations. The text says "having lost an eye to the rare tumor... after his mother had suffered the same fate". This provides the basis for his knowledge. But the verb "knew" takes the proposition "he carried a damaged gene" as its complement, not a state or sensation. He knows the fact because of his experience, but the sense of "know" here is still cognitive/propositional, not experiential. The experiential sense would be "He knew hunger" or "He knew suffering" - where the direct object is the experience itself. Here the direct object is a that-clause (or implied that-clause: "knew [that] he carried...").

So candidate 1 remains the best.

One final check: could it be candidate 3 because of the scientific nature? "Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun" - this is an indisputable scientific truth. "He carried a damaged gene" is also a biological fact. But the President example in candidate 1 is also a fact. I think candidate 1 is still more general and appropriate.

Actually, looking very carefully at the distinction in WordNet:
Sense 1 (know%2:31:01): "be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about"
- This can take "of" phrases: "know of", "know about"
- Examples given: "I know that the President lied to the people"; "I want to know who is winning the game!"

Sense 3 (know%2:31:02): "be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt"
- Examples: "I know that I left the key on the table"; "Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun"

In many WSD datasets, "know that" clauses map to sense 1 when it's about having information, and sense 3 when it's about being convinced of a truth. Since this is about having medical information (he knew he carried a gene - presumably because of family history and his own condition), sense 1 seems right.

I'll go with sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: carry
Target surface form: carried
Context:
Either copy can make the proteins needed to control cell growth, so for cancer to arise, both copies must be impaired. A person who is born with one defective copy of a suppressor gene, or in whom one copy is damaged early in life, is especially prone to cancer because he need only lose the other copy for a cancer to develop. Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he <t>carried</t> a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=carry%2:35:02:: | definition=move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body | synonyms=transport | examples=You must carry your camping gear; carry the suitcases to the car
2. sense_key=carry%2:42:01:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=pack, take | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
3. sense_key=carry%2:38:03:: | definition=transmit or serve as the medium for transmission | synonyms=impart, conduct, transmit, convey, channel | examples=Sound carries well over water; The airwaves carry the sound
4. sense_key=carry%2:32:02:: | definition=serve as a means for expressing something | synonyms=convey, express | examples=The painting of Mary carries motherly love; His voice carried a lot of anger
5. sense_key=carry%2:35:09:: | definition=bear or be able to bear the weight, pressure,or responsibility of | examples=His efforts carried the entire project; How many credits is this student carrying?
6. sense_key=carry%2:35:01:: | definition=support or hold in a certain manner | synonyms=hold, bear | examples=She holds her head high; He carried himself upright
7. sense_key=carry%2:42:03:: | definition=contain or hold; have within | synonyms=hold, bear, contain | examples=The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water
8. sense_key=carry%2:41:00:: | definition=extend to a certain degree | examples=carry too far; She carries her ideas to the extreme
9. sense_key=carry%2:30:05:: | definition=continue or extend | synonyms=extend | examples=The civil war carried into the neighboring province; The disease extended into the remote mountain provinces
10. sense_key=carry%2:42:02:: | definition=be necessarily associated with or result in or involve | examples=This crime carries a penalty of five years in prison
11. sense_key=carry%2:33:01:: | definition=win in an election | examples=The senator carried his home state
12. sense_key=carry%2:31:12:: | definition=include, as on a list | examples=How many people are carried on the payroll?
13. sense_key=carry%2:41:01:: | definition=behave in a certain manner | synonyms=behave, acquit, bear, deport, conduct, comport | examples=She carried herself well; he bore himself with dignity
14. sense_key=carry%2:40:00:: | definition=have on hand | synonyms=stock, stockpile | examples=Do you carry kerosene heaters?
15. sense_key=carry%2:36:00:: | definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize | synonyms=run | examples=We ran the ad three times; This paper carries a restaurant review
16. sense_key=carry%2:35:08:: | definition=propel, | synonyms=dribble | examples=Carry the ball; dribble the ball
17. sense_key=carry%2:32:07:: | definition=pass on a communication | examples=The news was carried to every village in the province
18. sense_key=carry%2:42:13:: | definition=have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence | examples=This new washer carries a two year guarantee; The loan carries a high interest rate
19. sense_key=carry%2:42:15:: | definition=be conveyed over a certain distance | examples=Her voice carries very well in this big opera house
20. sense_key=carry%2:42:14:: | definition=keep up with financial support | examples=The Federal Government carried the province for many years
21. sense_key=carry%2:42:12:: | definition=have or possess something abstract | examples=I carry her image in my mind's eye; I will carry the secret to my grave
22. sense_key=carry%2:42:08:: | definition=be equipped with (a mast or sail) | examples=This boat can only carry a small sail
23. sense_key=carry%2:41:02:: | definition=win approval or support for | synonyms=persuade, sway | examples=Carry all before one; His speech did not sway the voters
24. sense_key=carry%2:41:06:: | definition=compensate for a weaker partner or member by one's own performance | examples=I resent having to carry her all the time
25. sense_key=carry%2:41:12:: | definition=take further or advance | examples=carry a cause
26. sense_key=carry%2:40:10:: | definition=have on the surface or on the skin | examples=carry scars
27. sense_key=carry%2:40:04:: | definition=capture after a fight | examples=The troops carried the town after a brief fight
28. sense_key=carry%2:40:13:: | definition=transfer (entries) from one account book to another | synonyms=post
29. sense_key=carry%2:38:10:: | definition=transfer (a number, cipher, or remainder) to the next column or unit's place before or after, in addition or multiplication | examples=put down 5 and carry 2
30. sense_key=carry%2:38:07:: | definition=pursue a line of scent or be a bearer | examples=the dog was taught to fetch and carry
31. sense_key=carry%2:36:08:: | definition=bear (a crop) | examples=this land does not carry olives
32. sense_key=carry%2:35:12:: | definition=propel or give impetus to | examples=The sudden gust of air propelled the ball to the other side of the fence
33. sense_key=carry%2:34:00:: | definition=drink alcohol without showing ill effects | synonyms=hold | examples=He can hold his liquor; he had drunk more than he could carry
34. sense_key=carry%2:34:01:: | definition=be able to feed | examples=This land will carry ten cows to the acre
35. sense_key=carry%2:33:04:: | definition=have a certain range | examples=This rifle carries for 3,000 feet
36. sense_key=carry%2:33:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance or advance beyond | examples=The drive carried to the green
37. sense_key=carry%2:33:02:: | definition=secure the passage or adoption (of bills and motions) | examples=The motion carried easily
38. sense_key=carry%2:33:12:: | definition=be successful in | examples=She lost the game but carried the match
39. sense_key=carry%2:32:00:: | definition=sing or play against other voices or parts | examples=He cannot carry a tune
40. sense_key=carry%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, gestate, expect | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "carried" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text discusses genetics and cancer, specifically retinoblastoma.
 - Mr. Quinlan "carried" a damaged gene.
 - He lost an eye to a tumor when he was two months old.
 - His mother also had the same condition.
 - The context is about having a genetic mutation/defective gene.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. carry%2:35:02:: - move while supporting (physical transport) - doesn't fit
 2. carry%2:42:01:: - have with oneself; have on one's person - could work, but "have on one's person" is more physical
 3. carry%2:38:03:: - transmit or serve as medium for transmission - could work for genes, but let's see others
 4. carry%2:32:02:: - serve as a means for expressing something - no
 5. carry%2:35:09:: - bear the weight/pressure/responsibility - could metaphorically work but not quite right
 6. sense_key=carry%2:35:01:: - support or hold in a certain manner - no
 7. carry%2:42:03:: - contain or hold; have within - this is close, "contain" a gene
 8. carry%2:41:00:: - extend to a certain degree - no
 9. carry%2:30:05:: - continue or extend - no
 10. carry%2:42:02:: - be necessarily associated with or result in or involve - "this crime carries a penalty" - not quite
 11. carry%2:33:01:: - win in an election - no
 12. carry%2:31:12:: - include, as on a list - no
 13. carry%2:41:01:: - behave in a certain manner - no
 14. carry%2:40:00:: - have on hand (stock) - no
 15. carry%2:36:00:: - include as content; broadcast - no
 16. carry%2:35:08:: - propel - no
 17. carry%2:32:07:: - pass on a communication - no
 18. carry%2:42:13:: - have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence - This fits well! "This new washer carries a two year guarantee" - similar to having a damaged gene as an inherent feature.
 19. carry%2:42:15:: - be conveyed over a certain distance - no
 20. carry%2:42:12:: - keep up with financial support - no
 21. carry%2:42:12:: - have or possess something abstract - "I carry her image in my mind's eye" - this could also work for a gene
 22. carry%2:42:08:: - be equipped with (mast or sail) - no
 23. carry%2:41:02:: - win approval - no
 24. carry%2:41:06:: - compensate for weaker partner - no
 25. carry%2:41:12:: - take further or advance - no
 26. carry%2:40:10:: - have on the surface or skin - no
 27. carry%2:40:04:: - capture after a fight - no
 28. carry%2:40:13:: - transfer entries - no
 29. carry%2:38:10:: - transfer a number - no
 30. carry%2:38:07:: - pursue a line of scent - no
 31. carry%2:36:08:: - bear (a crop) - no
 32. carry%2:35:12:: - propel or give impetus - no
 33. carry%2:34:00:: - drink alcohol - no
 34. carry%2:34:01:: - be able to feed - no
 35. carry%2:33:04:: - have a certain range - no
 36. carry%2:33:03:: - cover a certain distance - no
 37. carry%2:33:02:: - secure passage of bills - no
 38. carry%2:33:12:: - be successful in - no
 39. carry%2:32:00:: - sing or play - no
 40. carry%2:29:00:: - be pregnant with - no

 The best candidates appear to be:
 - Sense 18: "have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence" - examples: "This new washer carries a two year guarantee; The loan carries a high interest rate"
 - Sense 21: "have or possess something abstract" - examples: "I carry her image in my mind's eye; I will carry the secret to my grave"
 - Sense 7: "contain or hold; have within" - examples: "The jar carries wine; The canteen holds fresh water"
 - Sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person" - but this is more physical

 Sense 18 seems most appropriate because:
 1. A damaged gene is an inherent characteristic/feature of the person
 2. The examples show "carries a guarantee" and "carries a high interest rate" - these are abstract attributes that something has as a characteristic
 3. In genetics, we often say someone "carries" a gene mutation as an inherent trait

 Sense 21 is also possible but focuses more on "possessing something abstract" like an image or secret. While a gene is abstract in the sense of being information, sense 18 captures the "inherent characteristic" aspect better.

 Sense 7 is more about containers holding physical contents.

 Sense 2 is about having on one's person (physical).

 Sense 18 definition: "have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence"

 This matches "carried a damaged gene" perfectly - he has the damaged gene as an inherent characteristic of his genetic makeup.

 Wait, looking at sense 21 again: "have or possess something abstract" - examples include "I will carry the secret to my grave" which is similar to carrying a genetic defect.

 But sense 18's examples "The loan carries a high interest rate" suggests an attribute or property that something has. A gene is a property/characteristic of an organism.

 Actually, looking carefully at the sense keys:
 - Sense 18: carry%2:42:13::
 - Sense 21: carry%2:42:12::

 In WordNet, sense 18 (carry%2:42:13::) is typically the one used for "have as a feature/attribute" like "the product carries a warranty."

 Let me reconsider sense 40: "be pregnant with" - no, that's biological but different.

 Sense 3: "transmit or serve as the medium for transmission" - in genetics, carriers transmit genes, but here it says he "carried a damaged gene" referring to his own possession of it, not necessarily transmitting it (though he did transmit it, the focus is on him having it).

 The text says: "Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor..."

 This indicates he possesses/has this gene as part of his genetic makeup.

 Between sense 18 and 21:
 - Sense 18 emphasizes "inherent or characteristic feature"
 - Sense 21 emphasizes "have or possess something abstract"

 A gene is both abstract (information) and an inherent characteristic. However, sense 18 is more commonly used for attributes and features (like warranties, interest rates), while sense 21 is for mental states or secrets.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet usage:
 - carry%2:42:13:: (sense 18) is "have as an inherent or characteristic feature or have as a consequence"
 - carry%2:42:12:: (sense 21) is "have or possess something abstract"

 But wait, looking at the provided list, sense 21 is indexed as 21 and sense 18 as 18.

 In the context of genetics, "carry a gene" is a specific usage. Let me check if there's a better fit.

 Sense 2: "have with oneself; have on one's person" - this could work but seems too physical.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet entries more carefully:
 carry%2:42:01:: (sense 2) - have on one's person
 carry%2:42:13:: (sense 18) - have as an inherent feature

 The phrase "carry a gene" in biology typically maps to sense 18 in WordNet.

 However, I should also consider sense 40 (be pregnant with) - no, that's different.

 Let me check if there's a sense about genetics specifically... no.

 Sense 18 examples: "This new washer carries a two year guarantee; The loan carries a high interest rate"
 Sense 21 examples: "I carry her image in my mind's eye; I will carry the secret to my grave"

 The damaged gene is like a guarantee or interest rate - it's a characteristic/attribute that the person has. It's not like a secret or image that one carries in one's mind.

 Therefore, sense 18 (index 18) is the best choice.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=carry%2:35:02::
 2. sense_key=carry%2:42:01::
 3. sense_key=carry%2:38:03::
 ...
 18. sense_key=carry%2:42:13::
 ...
 21. sense_key=carry%2:42:12::

 So if I choose sense 18, the answer is {"sense_index": 18}.

 But let me double-check sense 7: "contain or hold; have within" - "The jar carries wine". A person can "carry" a gene in the sense of containing it in their DNA. This is also plausible.

 However, sense 18 is more specific to abstract attributes and characteristics, while sense 7 is more about physical containment (jars, canteens).

 In modern genetic parlance, "carry a gene" or "carry a mutation" means to have it as part of one's genetic makeup - an inherent characteristic.

 Therefore, sense 18 is correct.

 One final check: could it be sense 3 (transmit)? "Sound carries well over water". While genes are transmitted, the sentence structure "he carried a damaged gene" focuses on possession/state, not the act of transmission. He carried it (had it), and as a result, he lost an eye.

 So yes, sense 18.