[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: minimalist
Target surface form: minimalist
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the <t>minimalist</t> state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=minimalist%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to artistic minimalism
2. sense_key=minimalist%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=advocating minimal reforms (as in government or politics)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "minimalist" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about political theory and voting behavior
 - It mentions "Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state"
 - This is contrasted with "Democratic brand that believes in big government"
 - The context is clearly political/governmental
 - "Minimalist state" refers to a state with minimal government intervention, limited government

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=minimalist%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to artistic minimalism
    - This refers to art (minimalism in art, music, design)
    - Context is political/governmental, not artistic
    - Not a good fit

 2. sense_key=minimalist%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=advocating minimal reforms (as in government or politics)
    - This refers to advocating minimal reforms in government or politics
    - "Minimalist state" fits this sense - a state with minimal government
    - The context contrasts minimalist state (Republican) vs big government (Democratic)
    - This is clearly about political philosophy advocating for minimal government intervention

 The context is definitely political, not artistic. The phrase "minimalist state" in political science refers to a minimal state or night-watchman state - one that exercises minimal authority over its citizens.

 Sense 2 mentions "advocating minimal reforms (as in government or politics)" which aligns with the context of a "minimalist state" - advocating for minimal government.

 Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys. The format suggests:
 - minimalist%3:01:00:: is likely the adjective relating to artistic minimalism (3 = adjective satellite?)
 - minimalist%5:00:00:moderate:00 is likely the adjective meaning advocating minimal reforms

 Actually, looking at WordNet:
 - minimalist can be a noun or adjective
 - The artistic sense relates to minimalism in art
 - The political sense relates to advocating minimal government/reforms

 In the context: "believes in the minimalist state" - this is using minimalist as an adjective modifying "state".

 The definition for sense 2 says "advocating minimal reforms (as in government or politics)" which matches the context of believing in a minimalist state (minimal government).

 So the answer should be sense_index: 2.

 Wait, I need to check if the sense indices are 1-based or 0-based. The user says "Candidate senses: 1. ... 2. ..." so they are numbered 1 and 2.

 The user wants: {"sense_index": 2}

 Let me verify once more:
 - Context: political theory, Republican vs Democratic brands, minimalist state vs big government
 - Sense 1: artistic minimalism - wrong domain
 - Sense 2: advocating minimal reforms in government or politics - correct domain

 Yes, sense 2 is correct.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: state
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist <t>state</t> and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "state" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text discusses political theory, specifically about voters selecting political agents.
- It mentions "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action"
- This is contrasted with "a Democratic brand that believes in big government"

So "minimalist state" here refers to a concept in political philosophy/government - the idea of a minimal state or minimal government. It's referring to the government apparatus or the politically organized body of people under a single government.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. state%1:15:01:: - territory occupied by constituent administrative districts (like a US state: California, Texas, etc.) - This doesn't fit because "minimalist state" isn't referring to a sub-national territory.

2. state%1:03:00:: - the way something is with respect to main attributes - This is too abstract/general. "Minimalist state" isn't referring to a condition or attribute.

3. state%1:14:01:: - the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state - This is close, referring to the government itself.

4. state%1:14:00:: - a politically organized body of people under a single government; synonyms: nation, country, land, commonwealth - This seems like the best fit. "Minimalist state" in political theory refers to the minimal role of the state as a political entity/government. The examples include "the state has elected a new president" which shows it can refer to the political entity.

5. state%1:26:02:: - chemistry states of matter - clearly wrong.

6. state%1:26:01:: - a state of depression or agitation - wrong.

7. state%1:15:00:: - territory occupied by a nation - wrong, not referring to land.

8. state%1:14:02:: - Department of State - wrong, this is a specific US federal department.

Between 3 and 4:
- Sense 3: "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state" - focuses on the people in government
- Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - focuses on the political entity/nation as a whole

In political theory, "minimalist state" or "minimal state" (as in Nozick's "Anarchy, State, and Utopia") refers to the political entity/government apparatus - the state as a nation/government. The phrase "minimalist state" is a political philosophy term referring to a state (government) with minimal intervention.

Sense 4 seems broader and more appropriate for "state" as a political entity/concept. The examples for sense 4: "the state has elected a new president; African nations" - this shows it's used as a synonym for nation/country in a political sense.

Sense 3 is more specifically about the group of people comprising the government. But "minimalist state" refers to the institution/entity, not just the people in it.

Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet senses for "state":
- Sense 4 (state%1:14:00) is usually the "nation/country" sense - the political entity.
- Sense 3 (state%1:14:01) is the government itself.

In the phrase "minimalist state", this is referring to the concept of a minimal government/state. In political philosophy, this maps well to sense 4 or potentially sense 3. But "minimalist state" is about the size/scope of government, which is the political entity.

Wait, let me reconsider. The text says "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action". This is clearly political theory terminology. "Minimalist state" = minimal government intervention.

In WordNet, sense 4 (state%1:14:00) has synonyms: nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic. This is the "state" as in "nation-state" or "the state" (political entity).

Sense 3 (state%1:14:01) is "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state" - example: "the state has lowered its income tax". This is metonymic - the government as a group of people.

But "minimalist state" is really about the political institution/entity. I think sense 4 is the best fit. However, sense 3 might also be plausible because it refers to the government.

Let me think about how "state" is used in political science contexts. When we say "the state" in phrases like "the minimalist state", "the welfare state", "the night-watchman state", we are referring to the apparatus of government, the political organization. WordNet sense 4 covers "a politically organized body of people under a single government" which captures this well.

Actually, looking at the examples for sense 3: "the state has lowered its income tax" - this is the government doing something.
Examples for sense 4: "the state has elected a new president" - this is the people/nation doing something.

In "minimalist state", it's about the scope of government functions. This aligns with sense 4 (the political entity/institution) more than sense 3 (the group of people in government). But both are close.

However, I should look at whether there's a more specific sense. Actually, in many WSD datasets, "state" in political contexts like "the role of the state" maps to sense 4 (nation/country/political body).

Let me double-check by considering the phrase "big government" in the same sentence: "a Democratic brand that believes in big government". Here "state" is parallel to "government". But WordNet sense 3 is specifically "the group of people comprising the government", while sense 4 is the broader political body.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet mappings for "state" in political theory:
- "the state" as a political institution is typically sense 4.

I think the answer is sense 4.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 3 vs 4 once more. The definition of sense 3: "the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state". This is the government officials. The definition of sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government". This is the entire political community/nation.

"Minimalist state" refers to a state with minimal government functions. It's the political entity characterized by minimal intervention. This is sense 4.

Also, the instruction says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key" and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}". So I need to return the index number from the candidate list.

The candidates are numbered 1-8. So if I choose sense 4 (state%1:14:00::), that is candidate #4.

Let me verify once more:
- Candidate 4: sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations

Yes, this is the best fit for "minimalist state" in a political theory context.

Actually, I want to be extra careful. Is there any chance this refers to a US state (like California)? No, because it says "minimalist state" in contrast to "big government", and it's about the Republican brand philosophy. Republicans believe in minimalist federal/national government, not minimalist US states (though they might believe in states' rights, "minimalist state" here clearly means minimal government generally).

Also, the parallel structure: "minimalist state" vs "big government" - these are synonyms in this context. "Government" maps to the state as political entity.

Therefore, sense_index: 4.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: SiliconFlow

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: virtue
Target surface form: virtues
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the <t>virtues</t> of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=virtue%1:07:01:: | definition=the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong | synonyms=virtuousness, moral excellence
2. sense_key=virtue%1:07:03:: | definition=any admirable quality or attribute | synonyms=merit | examples=work of great merit
3. sense_key=virtue%1:07:02:: | definition=morality with respect to sexual relations | synonyms=chastity, sexual morality
4. sense_key=virtue%1:07:04:: | definition=a particular moral excellence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "virtues" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses political theory, specifically about Republican vs Democratic brands
 - Republicans believe in "the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action"
 - Democrats believe in "big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest"
 - The contrast is between "virtues of private markets" and "vices of public action"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. virtue%1:07:01:: - "the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong" (virtuousness, moral excellence)
 2. virtue%1:07:03:: - "any admirable quality or attribute" (merit) - example: "work of great merit"
 3. virtue%1:07:02:: - "morality with respect to sexual relations" (chastity, sexual morality)
 4. virtue%1:07:04:: - "a particular moral excellence"

 Analysis:
 - Sense 3 (sexual morality) is clearly wrong here - the context is about economics/politics, not sexual relations.
 - Sense 1 is about general moral excellence/rightness.
 - Sense 4 is about a particular moral excellence.
 - Sense 2 is about any admirable quality or attribute (merit).

 The phrase is "virtues of private markets". This is contrasting "virtues" with "vices" (as seen in "over the vices of public action").

 In this context, "virtues" refers to the good qualities, merits, or advantageous characteristics of private markets as opposed to the bad qualities (vices) of public action.

 However, looking at the contrast with "vices" (which are moral failings), and the fact that this is about political philosophy/economics where markets are being praised for their moral or ethical superiority in Republican ideology...

 But wait, "virtues" here seems to be used more broadly to mean "good qualities" or "merits" rather than specifically "moral excellence" in the strict ethical sense. However, in political discourse, especially when contrasted with "vices", it often carries a moral connotation.

 Let me reconsider the senses:
 - Sense 1: "the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong" - this is general moral excellence
 - Sense 4: "a particular moral excellence" - this is a specific instance of moral excellence
 - Sense 2: "any admirable quality or attribute" - this is broader, not necessarily moral, just meritorious

 The phrase "virtues of private markets" is referring to the positive qualities, advantages, or merits of private markets. In economic/political theory, when we say "the virtues of X", we often mean "the good qualities/merits of X".

 However, looking at the contrast with "vices" (which are moral faults), and the fact that this is about Republican ideology which often frames market mechanisms in moral terms (efficiency, freedom, etc. as morally good), there might be a moral dimension.

 But Sense 2 ("any admirable quality or attribute") seems most appropriate for "virtues of private markets" because:
 1. Private markets don't have "moral excellence" in the human sense (sense 1 or 4)
 2. We're talking about characteristics or attributes that are admirable/meritorious
 3. The example given for sense 2 is "work of great merit" - showing it's about meritorious qualities

 Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet:
 - Sense 1: virtue = moral excellence, virtuousness (the quality of doing what is right)
 - Sense 2: virtue = merit (any admirable quality or attribute)
 - Sense 3: virtue = chastity, sexual morality
 - Sense 4: virtue = a particular moral excellence

 In the phrase "virtues of private markets", "virtues" is plural and refers to the good qualities or merits of private markets. This aligns best with sense 2: "any admirable quality or attribute".

 However, I should check if sense 4 could fit. Sense 4 is "a particular moral excellence". But private markets don't have "moral excellences" per se, though they might be spoken of metaphorically as having virtues.

 Actually, looking at standard usage in political economy, "the virtues of the market" typically refers to the beneficial qualities, advantages, or merits of market mechanisms - not necessarily moral qualities in the ethical sense, though metaphorically extended.

 But wait, the contrast is with "vices of public action". Vices are moral failings. So virtues here are likely meant as the opposite of vices - moral excellences.

 However, in the context of "private markets", can markets have moral excellences? Or are we talking about the merits/advantages?

 Let me look at the synonyms again:
 - Sense 1: virtuousness, moral excellence
 - Sense 2: merit
 - Sense 3: chastity, sexual morality
 - Sense 4: (no synonyms listed, but "a particular moral excellence")

 Given that "virtues" is plural and refers to characteristics of markets (an institution/system), and it's contrasted with "vices" (bad qualities), and the context is about buying brands and political agents...

 Actually, looking at the specific phrase: "believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action"

 This is clearly contrasting the good qualities of markets with the bad qualities of public action. In philosophical/political contexts, "virtues" can mean the merits or advantageous features.

 But I need to decide between sense 1, 2, and 4.

 Sense 1 is "the quality of doing what is right" - this is more about behavior/conduct.
 Sense 4 is "a particular moral excellence" - specific instances of moral goodness.
 Sense 2 is "any admirable quality or attribute" - broader, includes non-moral merits.

 Given that markets are not moral agents but systems, and we're talking about their "admirable qualities" as opposed to the "vices" (bad qualities) of public action, sense 2 seems most appropriate.

 However, I should consider if sense 4 could be correct. "Virtues" plural would be multiple particular moral excellences. But markets don't have moral excellences in the strict sense.

 Actually, looking at WordNet more carefully:
 - virtue%1:07:01:: is the general concept of moral excellence/virtuousness
 - virtue%1:07:04:: is a specific instance (a particular moral excellence)
 - virtue%1:07:03:: is any admirable quality (merit)

 In the context "virtues of private markets", this is most likely sense 2 (index 2 in the list provided, which corresponds to virtue%1:07:03::).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=virtue%1:07:01::
 2. sense_key=virtue%1:07:03::
 3. sense_key=virtue%1:07:02::
 4. sense_key=virtue%1:07:04::

 So:
 - Index 1: virtue%1:07:01:: (moral excellence/virtuousness)
 - Index 2: virtue%1:07:03:: (any admirable quality/merit)
 - Index 3: virtue%1:07:02:: (sexual morality/chastity)
 - Index 4: virtue%1:07:04:: (a particular moral excellence)

 So if I think it's "any admirable quality or attribute" (merit), that would be index 2.

 If I think it's "a particular moral excellence", that would be index 4.

 If I think it's general moral excellence, that would be index 1.

 Given the context of "private markets" having virtues, and the contrast with "vices of public action", and the fact that this is an economic theory context, I believe the meaning is "merits" or "admirable qualities" - i.e., the good features or advantages of private markets compared to the bad features of public action.

 Therefore, index 2 (virtue%1:07:03::) seems correct.

 But let me double-check. Could it be index 4 (a particular moral excellence)? In some philosophical contexts, especially when contrasted with "vices", "virtues" might retain its moral sense. However, markets don't literally have moral virtues. Though one could argue that in this political context, the author is using "virtues" to mean moral excellences in a metaphorical or extended sense.

 However, the definition of sense 2 explicitly mentions "merit" and gives the example "work of great merit". The phrase "virtues of private markets" is very similar to "merits of private markets" or "work of great merit" - it's about evaluative qualities.

 Also, looking at the pattern: "believes in... the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action" - this is a standard rhetorical contrast where virtues = good points/merits and vices = bad points/defects.

 Therefore, I choose index 2.

 Wait, I should verify the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indices correctly.

 The user provides:
 1. sense_key=virtue%1:07:01::
 2. sense_key=virtue%1:07:03::
 3. sense_key=virtue%1:07:02::
 4. sense_key=virtue%1:07:04::

 In WordNet:
 - virtue%1:07:01:: is usually "the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong" (moral excellence, virtuousness)
 - virtue%1:07:02:: is usually "morality with respect to sexual relations" (chastity, sexual morality)
 - virtue%1:07:03:: is usually "any admirable quality or attribute" (merit)
 - virtue%1:07:04:: is usually "a particular moral excellence"

 So yes, my mapping is correct.

 The context is about economic theory and political brands. The "virtues of private markets" refers to the positive attributes, merits, or advantageous qualities of private markets. This aligns with sense 2 (virtue%1:07:03::).

 Final check: Is there any reason to prefer sense 4 (particular moral excellence)? Only if we interpret the text as saying that private markets have specific moral excellences, as opposed to public action which has vices (moral failings). But given that markets are not moral agents, and the context is economic (buying brands, costs, benefits), sense 2 is more appropriate.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: private
Target surface form: private
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of <t>private</t> markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=private%3:00:00:: | definition=confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy | examples=a private place; private discussions
2. sense_key=private%5:00:02:personal:00 | definition=concerning things deeply private and personal | examples=private correspondence; private family matters
3. sense_key=private%5:00:00:personal:00 | definition=concerning one person exclusively | synonyms=individual | examples=we all have individual cars; each room has a private bath
4. sense_key=private%5:00:00:inward:00 | definition=not expressed | synonyms=secret | examples=secret (or private) thoughts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform word sense disambiguation for the word "private" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

Context: "...a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of <t>private</t> markets over the vices of public action..."

The phrase here is "private markets" which contrasts with "public action." This is describing economic markets that are not controlled by the government/state, but rather by individuals or non-governmental entities.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=private%3:00:00:: | definition=confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy | examples=a private place; private discussions
This sense seems to be about physical privacy or restriction to specific groups. While "private markets" could be seen as restricted to certain people, the primary meaning here is about ownership/control rather than privacy per se.

2. sense_key=private%5:00:02:personal:00 | definition=concerning things deeply private and personal | examples=private correspondence; private family matters
This is about intimate personal matters, not applicable to economic markets.

3. sense_key=private%5:00:00:personal:00 | definition=concerning one person exclusively | synonyms=individual | examples=we all have individual cars; each room has a private bath
This sense is about individual ownership or use (individual cars, private bath). "Private markets" in the economic sense refers to markets operated by private individuals/entities rather than the state. This seems closest - it's about being non-public, individual/non-governmental.

4. sense_key=private%5:00:00:inward:00 | definition=not expressed | synonyms=secret | examples=secret (or private) thoughts
This is about hidden thoughts or unexpressed things, not applicable.

Wait, I should check if there's a specific economic sense. Looking at the candidates provided, sense 3 mentions "concerning one person exclusively" with synonym "individual" and examples like "individual cars" and "private bath".

In the phrase "private markets", the contrast is with "public action" and "big government". This refers to the economic concept of private enterprise vs. public/government control. In WordNet, the adjective "private" in the economic sense (private enterprise, private sector) is often covered by senses related to not being public/governmental.

Looking at sense 3 again: "concerning one person exclusively" with synonym "individual". This seems to capture the idea of privately owned vs. publicly/governmentally owned. "Private markets" are markets operated by individuals or private entities rather than the state.

Sense 1 is about physical privacy (private place, private discussions).
Sense 3 is about individual vs. shared/public ownership.

In economic contexts, "private" often means "not public/governmental" which aligns with sense 3's focus on "individual" rather than collective/state.

However, I should reconsider. Is "private markets" referring to:
- Markets that provide privacy? (Sense 1)
- Markets concerning one person exclusively? (Sense 3)

Actually, looking at WordNet structure, "private" as in "private enterprise" or "private sector" is typically:
- private (vs. public) - belonging to or concerning an individual person, company, or interest

But looking at the specific sense keys provided:
- private%5:00:00:personal:00 (sense 3) has synonym "individual" and definition "concerning one person exclusively"
- private%3:00:00:: (sense 1) is the first sense, usually the most common, about privacy/confinement

In the context "private markets", this is contrasting with "public action" (government intervention). The Republican brand believes in "private markets" (free markets, capitalism, individual enterprise) vs "public action" (government intervention).

Sense 3 ("concerning one person exclusively", "individual") seems to best capture this - private markets are those operated by individuals/private entities rather than the state.

But let me double-check: is there a sense about "not governmental"? Looking at the provided candidates, I don't see an explicit "private sector" sense listed. The candidates seem to be:
1. Privacy/restriction sense
2. Intimate personal sense
3. Individual/exclusive sense
4. Secret/unexpressed sense

Among these, sense 3 with "individual" as synonym and "concerning one person exclusively" is the best fit for "private markets" in an economic/political context contrasting with government/public action. Markets that are "individual" (operated by private individuals/entities) vs public (operated by government).

Actually, wait. I should verify if "private" in "private markets" might be sense 1. "Confined to particular persons or groups" - markets confined to particular persons vs public markets? That could work too.

But sense 3 specifically mentions "individual" which is the standard contrast to "public" in economics (private sector vs public sector, individual vs collective).

Also, looking at the examples for sense 3: "we all have individual cars; each room has a private bath" - these are about private ownership/possession, which aligns with private ownership of markets/businesses.

In contrast, sense 1 examples "a private place; private discussions" are about physical privacy or seclusion.

In the political theory context provided, "private markets" refers to economic markets that are privately owned/operated rather than government-controlled. This aligns with the "individual" vs "public/collective" distinction in sense 3.

Therefore, sense_index: 3 appears to be the correct choice.

One final check: Could it be sense 1? "Confined to particular persons or groups" - private markets could be seen as confined to private owners rather than open to public control. But sense 3's focus on "individual" and the synonym "individual" makes it a stronger match for the economic concept of private enterprise.

Also, looking at the phrase structure: "private markets" parallels "public action". Private vs public. Individual vs collective. Sense 3 (individual) vs Sense 1 (particular groups). While both could work, "individual" is the more standard economic counterpart to "public/governmental".

Therefore, I select sense 3.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: market
Target surface form: markets
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private <t>markets</t> over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=market%1:04:00:: | definition=the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold | synonyms=marketplace | examples=without competition there would be no market; they were driven from the marketplace
2. sense_key=market%1:14:00:: | definition=the customers for a particular product or service | examples=before they publish any book they try to determine the size of the market for it
3. sense_key=market%1:06:00:: | definition=a marketplace where groceries are sold | synonyms=grocery store, grocery, food market | examples=the grocery store included a meat market
4. sense_key=market%1:14:01:: | definition=the securities markets in the aggregate | synonyms=securities industry | examples=the market always frustrates the small investor
5. sense_key=market%1:06:01:: | definition=an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up | synonyms=marketplace, mart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "markets" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about political theory and voting behavior.
- It mentions: "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action"
- Here, "private markets" is contrasted with "public action" and "big government".
- The phrase "private markets" refers to the economic system where private individuals/entities engage in commercial activity, buying and selling goods and services, as opposed to government/public intervention.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=market%1:04:00:: | definition=the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold | synonyms=marketplace | examples=without competition there would be no market; they were driven from the marketplace
- This seems to fit well. "Private markets" refers to the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold, as opposed to public/government action.

2. sense_key=market%1:14:00:: | definition=the customers for a particular product or service | examples=before they publish any book they try to determine the size of the market for it
- This refers to the customer base/demand. "Private markets" doesn't mean private customers here. It means the economic system of private enterprise.

3. sense_key=market%1:06:00:: | definition=a marketplace where groceries are sold | synonyms=grocery store, grocery, food market | examples=the grocery store included a meat market
- Too specific (groceries). Not relevant.

4. sense_key=market%1:14:01:: | definition=the securities markets in the aggregate | synonyms=securities industry | examples=the market always frustrates the small investor
- Too specific (stock market/securities). While related to finance, "private markets" in this political context refers more broadly to private enterprise/commercial activity, not specifically securities.

5. sense_key=market%1:06:01:: | definition=an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up | synonyms=marketplace, mart
- Physical location. Not relevant to this abstract political discussion.

Sense 1 is the best fit. The phrase "private markets" is being used in the broad economic sense of the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold, as a general concept contrasting with government intervention. The examples for sense 1 ("without competition there would be no market") also suggest this abstract/systemic meaning.

The user wants only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vice
Target surface form: vices
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the <t>vices</t> of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vice%1:07:00:: | definition=moral weakness | synonyms=frailty
2. sense_key=vice%1:04:00:: | definition=a specific form of evildoing | examples=vice offends the moral standards of the community

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "vices" in the given context. The target lemma is "vice" and the surface form is "vices".

Let me analyze the context:
The sentence is: "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the <t>vices</t> of public action"

Here, "vices" is being contrasted with "virtues". The phrase is "virtues of private markets over the vices of public action".

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=vice%1:07:00:: | definition=moral weakness | synonyms=frailty
   - This refers to moral weakness or character flaws in a person.

2. sense_key=vice%1:04:00:: | definition=a specific form of evildoing | examples=vice offends the moral standards of the community
   - This refers to evil actions or practices, often associated with immoral behavior in a broader sense.

In the context, "vices of public action" is being contrasted with "virtues of private markets". This is a metaphorical usage where "vices" represents the negative aspects, flaws, or immoral/evil characteristics of public action (government intervention).

The phrase "vices of public action" suggests negative moral qualities or evil aspects associated with public/government action. It's not referring to specific criminal acts (like prostitution, gambling, etc., which are often called "vices" in sense 2), but rather to moral failings or weaknesses.

Wait, let me reconsider. In political rhetoric, when contrasting "virtues" with "vices", and talking about "vices of public action", this could be interpreted as:
- The moral weaknesses/flaws of public action (sense 1)
- The evil deeds or immoral practices of public action (sense 2)

Looking at the glosses more carefully:
Sense 1: moral weakness - this is about the quality of being morally weak
Sense 2: a specific form of evildoing - this is about specific bad actions

In the context "vices of public action", it's referring to the negative moral qualities or character flaws inherent in public action, as opposed to specific criminal acts. The contrast is between "virtues" (positive moral qualities) and "vices" (negative moral qualities or moral weaknesses).

Also, the word "frailty" as a synonym for sense 1 suggests weakness or flaw in character, whereas sense 2 is about "evildoing" which is more active and specific.

Given the parallel structure "virtues of private markets over the vices of public action", and considering that "virtues" are moral excellences, "vices" would be moral weaknesses or flaws.

However, I should also consider that in political philosophy/economics, when discussing "the vices of government" or "vices of public action", it often refers to the bad practices, corruption, or evil effects of such action.

But looking at the WordNet senses:
- Sense 1 (vice%1:07:00::) is under noun.artifact? No, let me check the lexicographer file codes. 1:07:00 - 07 usually means noun.attribute or noun.abstract quality.
- Sense 2 (vice%1:04:00::) - 04 usually means noun.act.

Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
- vice%1:07:00:: is "moral weakness" - a specific kind of failing or flaw
- vice%1:04:00:: is "a specific form of evildoing" - this is under noun.act

In the context, "vices of public action" refers to the negative moral characteristics or flaws of government intervention, not specific criminal acts. The contrast with "virtues" strongly suggests sense 1 (moral weakness/flaw).

Also, the phrase "vices of public action" treats "vice" as a quality or characteristic, not as a specific act of evildoing.

Therefore, sense 1 (moral weakness) seems more appropriate.

But let me double-check by looking at the example for sense 2: "vice offends the moral standards of the community" - this suggests that "vice" here is something that offends moral standards, like prostitution, gambling, drugs, etc.

In the text, "vices of public action" doesn't refer to specific criminal activities like prostitution rings run by the government, but rather to the moral failings or negative aspects of government intervention.

So I believe sense 1 is correct.

Wait, I should verify the sense indices. The user provided:
1. sense_key=vice%1:07:00:: | definition=moral weakness | synonyms=frailty
2. sense_key=vice%1:04:00:: | definition=a specific form of evildoing | examples=vice offends the moral standards of the community

So index 1 is moral weakness, index 2 is specific form of evildoing.

Given the context of contrasting virtues and vices in a political theory context, and referring to "vices of public action" as the negative counterpart to "virtues of private markets", sense 1 (moral weakness) is the best fit.

Actually, looking at it again, "vices" in "vices of public action" could mean the bad practices or harmful effects. But "moral weakness" seems to fit better with the virtue/vice dichotomy which is about character and moral qualities.

In virtue ethics, vices are moral failings or character flaws. So sense 1 aligns with that philosophical usage.

Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: public
Target surface form: public
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of <t>public</t> action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=public%3:00:00:: | definition=not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole | examples=the public good; public libraries
2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 | definition=affecting the people or community as a whole | examples=community leaders; community interests

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "public" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of <t>public</t> action"

Here, "public" is contrasting with "private" (private markets vs public action). It's describing a type of action that is not private, but rather concerns the state/government acting on behalf of the people as a whole.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=public%3:00:00:: | definition=not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole | examples=the public good; public libraries
2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 | definition=affecting the people or community as a whole | examples=community leaders; community interests

Wait, looking at the sense keys:
- sense_key=public%3:00:00:: - This is adjective sense 1 (satellite? No, 3:00:00 is usually the main adjective sense)
- sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 - This looks like a satellite adjective (5:00:00) linked to common%2 (which is probably "common" as in shared by all)

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- public%3:00:00:: is the main sense: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole"
- public%5:00:00:common:02 would be a satellite adjective sense meaning "affecting the people or community as a whole"

In the context "public action", we're contrasting with "private markets". This is about government/public sector action vs private sector action.

Sense 1: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole" - This fits well with "public action" meaning action by the government/state (the public sector).

Sense 2: "affecting the people or community as a whole" - This is more about things that impact the community, like "public health" or "public welfare".

But "public action" in this political context refers specifically to government intervention, state action - the opposite of private markets. This aligns with sense 1, which contrasts with private.

The examples for sense 1 include "the public good" and "public libraries" - these are things owned/operated by the government or concerning the people as a whole.

The examples for sense 2 include "community leaders" and "community interests" - these are about the community aspect.

In the phrase "vices of public action", it's contrasting with "virtues of private markets". So "public" here means "governmental" or "state" as opposed to "private". This is the core meaning of sense 1: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole".

Also, looking at the definition of sense 2: "affecting the people or community as a whole" - this is somewhat similar but the satellite structure (5:00:00) suggests it's a specific usage related to "common".

Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet:
- public%3:00:00:: is indeed the main adjective sense
- public%5:00:00:common:02 is a satellite of common%2 (which is "common to or shared by two or more parties")

But in this context, "public action" clearly means government action, state action - the opposite of private. This is sense 1.

Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: action
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public <t>action</t>, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "action" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The sentence is: "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public <t>action</t>"

The context contrasts "private markets" with "public action". The phrase "public action" here refers to government intervention or activities undertaken by the public sector/state.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: - something done (usually as opposed to something said) - This is very general. "Public action" could fit, but let's check others.

2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: - the state of being active - This refers to a state, not specific deeds. "Public action" in the context doesn't mean the state of being active.

3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: - a military engagement - Not relevant here, no military context.

4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: - a process existing in or produced by nature - Not relevant, talking about political/economic choices.

5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: - the series of events that form a plot - Literary term, not relevant.

6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: - the trait of being active and energetic - Personal trait, not relevant for "public action" as a policy concept.

7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: - the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism - Mechanical term, not relevant.

8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: - a judicial proceeding - Legal term, not what's meant here.

9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: - an act by a government body or supranational organization - Example: "recent federal action undermined the segregationist position". This fits perfectly with "public action" referring to government/public sector intervention.

10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: - the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field - Usually refers to "where the action is" - excitement/activity centers. Not the right sense.

Sense 9 (action%1:04:04::) seems the best fit because:
- It specifically mentions "act by a government body"
- The context contrasts private markets vs. public (government) intervention/action
- The example given for sense 9 mentions "federal action" which is similar to "public action" in the target sentence

However, let me reconsider sense 1 (action%1:04:02:: - something done). Is "public action" in this context just general deeds done by the public sector, or specifically governmental acts?

The context is about political theory comparing Republican vs Democratic brands. Republicans believe in private markets over public action (government intervention). This aligns with sense 9 which is about acts by government bodies.

But wait, looking at the index numbers in the sense keys:
- sense_key=action%1:04:02:: is listed as candidate 1
- sense_key=action%1:04:04:: is listed as candidate 9

The question asks to return {"sense_index": X} where X is the index in the candidate list (1-10), not the WordNet offset.

So if I choose sense 9 (the government body one), I should return {"sense_index": 9}.

Let me double-check:
- The context contrasts "private markets" with "public action"
- This is clearly about government intervention vs. free markets
- Sense 9: "an act by a government body or supranational organization" - examples include "recent federal action" and "United Nations... action"
- This is exactly what is meant: government acts/intervention

Sense 1 is "something done (usually as opposed to something said)" - while technically public action is something done, sense 9 is much more specific and appropriate for the political science context contrasting markets with government intervention.

Therefore, the best sense is index 9.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democratic
Target surface form: Democratic
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a <t>Democratic</t> brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "Democratic" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is discussing presidential elections, the GOP (Republican Party), and political parties.
 - It mentions: "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state... and a <t>Democratic</t> brand that believes in big government..."
 - This is clearly referring to the Democratic Party as a political party, contrasted with the Republican Party.
 - The word is capitalized as "Democratic" which suggests it's referring to the proper noun/party name rather than the general adjective meaning "characterized by democracy."

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality
    - This is the general sense meaning "relating to democracy" or "supporting democratic principles"
    - Examples: democratic government, democratic country

 2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party
    - This specifically refers to the U.S. Democratic Party
    - Examples: Democratic senator

 3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular
    - This means "popular" or "for the common people"
    - Examples: democratic art forms, democratic or popular movement

 Analysis:
 - The context is clearly about U.S. presidential elections, mentioning the GOP (Republican Party) and contrasting it with the Democratic Party.
 - The phrase "Democratic brand" is used in parallel with "Republican brand" - both referring to political parties.
 - The description "believes in big government and in public intervention" describes the platform/ideology of the U.S. Democratic Party.
 - The capitalization of "Democratic" and its pairing with "Republican" strongly indicates this is sense 2, referring to the Democratic Party.

 Sense 1 would apply if it were talking about democratic principles in general (e.g., "a democratic process"), but here it's specifically naming the party.
 Sense 3 would apply if it meant "popular" or "accessible to everyone" (e.g., "democratic pricing"), which doesn't fit here.

 Therefore, the correct sense is index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brand
Target surface form: brand
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic <t>brand</t> that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brand%1:10:00:: | definition=a name given to a product or service | synonyms=trade name, brand name, marque
2. sense_key=brand%1:09:00:: | definition=a recognizable kind | synonyms=make | examples=there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?
3. sense_key=brand%1:10:02:: | definition=identification mark on skin, made by burning
4. sense_key=brand%1:27:00:: | definition=a piece of wood that has been burned or is burning | synonyms=firebrand
5. sense_key=brand%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol of disgrace or infamy; --Genesis | synonyms=mark, stigma, stain | examples=And the Lord set a mark upon Cain
6. sense_key=brand%1:06:00:: | definition=a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard | synonyms=sword, blade, steel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "brand" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is discussing political parties (GOP/Republican vs Democratic)
 - It mentions: "Voters can 'buy' one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand... and a Democratic brand..."
 - The usage here is metaphorical, comparing political parties to commercial products that voters can choose between.
 - The word "brand" is being used to describe the Republican party and Democratic party as distinct types or kinds of political offerings.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=brand%1:10:00:: | definition=a name given to a product or service | synonyms=trade name, brand name, marque
    - This refers to the actual commercial name/trademark. While political parties do have brand names, the usage here seems broader than just the name itself.

 2. sense_key=brand%1:09:00:: | definition=a recognizable kind | synonyms=make | examples=there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?
    - This refers to a type, kind, or variety. The example "there's a new brand of hero" shows it's used metaphorically to mean a type or kind.
    - In the context: "a Republican brand... and a Democratic brand" - this fits well. It means a Republican type/kind (of political philosophy/agent) vs a Democratic type/kind.
    - The metaphor of "buying" brands suggests distinct types or varieties of political offerings.

 3. sense_key=brand%1:10:02:: | definition=identification mark on skin, made by burning
    - Literal branding of cattle or slaves. Not relevant here.

 4. sense_key=brand%1:27:00:: | definition=a piece of wood that has been burned or is burning | synonyms=firebrand
    - Literal burning wood. Not relevant.

 5. sense_key=brand%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol of disgrace or infamy; --Genesis | synonyms=mark, stigma, stain
    - Figurative mark of shame. Not relevant.

 6. sense_key=brand%1:06:00:: | definition=a cutting or thrusting weapon... | synonyms=sword, blade, steel
    - Weapon. Not relevant.

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

 Sense 1 is about the actual name/trademark given to a product.
 Sense 2 is about a recognizable kind or type (like "what make of car" or "new brand of hero").

 In the context: "a Republican brand that believes in..." and "a Democratic brand that believes in..."
 This is describing the parties as distinct types or varieties of political agents. It's not just talking about the names "Republican" and "Democratic" as trade names, but rather as distinct kinds of political philosophies or offerings that voters can choose between.

 The phrase "buy one of two brands" suggests commercial metaphor, but the specific usage "a Republican brand... and a Democratic brand" where each "brand" has beliefs (believes in minimalist state vs big government) suggests it's referring to the type/kind of party.

 Actually, looking more carefully:
 - "Voters can 'buy' one of two brands when they select their political agents"
 - This is clearly using the commercial metaphor of products.
 - But is it sense 1 (the name/trade name) or sense 2 (the kind/type)?

 In marketing/political science discourse, when we say "the Republican brand," we often mean the brand name and what it represents, but specifically in the sense of a recognizable kind or type of political offering.

 However, sense 1 is "a name given to a product or service" - this is the commercial trademark sense.
 Sense 2 is "a recognizable kind" - this is the "type/variety" sense.

 The example for sense 2: "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now" - this is very similar to the usage here. "A Republican brand" = a Republican type/kind of political agent.

 But wait, the context says "buy one of two brands" - this strongly suggests the commercial product sense (sense 1), because you buy products with brand names.

 However, looking at the structure:
 - "a Republican brand that believes in..."
 - "a Democratic brand that believes in..."

 If it were sense 1 (just the name), it would be odd to say the name "believes in" something. But "brand" here seems to stand for the party as a whole - the package of values and policies.

 Actually, in political discourse, "brand" is often used in sense 2 - meaning a particular type or variety. For example, "a different brand of politics."

 But let me reconsider sense 1. If "brand" means "a name given to a product or service," then "Republican brand" would mean the Republican name/trade name. But the text says voters buy the "brand" when selecting agents. This treats the political party as a product with a brand name.

 However, the disambiguation between sense 1 and sense 2 is subtle. Let me look at the WordNet definitions more carefully.

 Sense 1: "a name given to a product or service" - this is the trademark/brand name itself.
 Sense 2: "a recognizable kind" - this is close to "make" or "variety".

 In the sentence: "a Republican brand that believes in..." - the relative clause "that believes in" suggests "brand" here refers to the entity (the party) that has beliefs. But "brand" is being used as a count noun: "one of two brands", "a Republican brand", "a Democratic brand".

 If we substitute sense 1: "a Republican name/trade name that believes in..." - this doesn't work well because names don't believe in things.
 If we substitute sense 2: "a Republican kind/type that believes in..." - this works better. "A recognizable kind [of political agent] that believes in..."

 Also, the example for sense 2: "what make of car is that?" parallels "a Republican brand" = a Republican make/kind.

 But actually, looking at the commercial metaphor "buy one of two brands", this suggests sense 1 (commercial product brands). However, the text immediately explains what these brands are: one "that believes in the minimalist state..." and one "that believes in big government..."

 I think the best fit is sense 2: "a recognizable kind". The text is saying voters can choose between two kinds of political agents - a Republican kind and a Democratic kind. The word "brand" is being used metaphorically to mean "type" or "variety", similar to "there's a new brand of hero."

 Wait, but in the context of "buy", it might be sense 1. Let me think about how "brand" is used in economics/political science texts.

 In the sentence: "Voters can 'buy' one of two brands when they select their political agents"
 This is using the economic theory of voting where parties are like products. The "brand" here refers to the party as a product offering.

 But looking at the specific glosses:
 - Sense 1: "a name given to a product or service" - this is too narrow. It's not just the name, it's the whole package.
 - Sense 2: "a recognizable kind" - this captures "type of political agent" better.

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - Sense 1 (brand%1:10:00) is the commercial trademark sense.
 - Sense 2 (brand%1:09:00) is the "kind/make" sense.

 The example "there's a new brand of hero" is very close to "a Republican brand [of political agent]".

 Also, note that the text says "a Republican brand... and a Democratic brand". If it were sense 1, it would emphasize the naming/trademarking aspect. But here it's emphasizing the distinct types of political philosophies.

 I think sense 2 is the correct answer.

 But let me double-check. Could it be sense 1?
 "Trade name, brand name, marque" - these are synonyms for sense 1.
 In the text: "Republican brand" - is "Republican" modifying "brand" as in "the Republican trademark"? Or is "brand" being used to mean the party itself?

 The phrase "the Republican brand" is common in political discourse to refer to the Republican party's identity and what it stands for - essentially treating it as a commercial brand. But in WordNet terms, is this sense 1 or sense 2?

 Actually, looking at the WordNet entry for sense 2: "a recognizable kind; 'there's a new brand of hero in the movies now'; 'what make of car is that?'"

 The structure "a [adjective] brand" where brand means "kind/type" is exactly what we have: "a Republican brand" = a Republican kind.

 For sense 1, examples would be like "the brand is Coca-Cola" or "what brand is that?" referring to the trademark.

 In the context, "buy one of two brands" suggests commercial products, but the subsequent description ("that believes in...") suggests the "kind/type" interpretation is primary.

 Actually, I think I need to reconsider. The word "brand" in political contexts often borrows from marketing (sense 1), meaning the commercial identity. But the WordNet sense 1 is specifically "a name given to a product or service".

 If the text said "the Republican brand name", it would clearly be sense 1.
 If the text said "a different brand of Republican", it would clearly be sense 2.

 Here it says "a Republican brand" - this is ambiguous.

 But looking at the pattern: "one of two brands" - [description of first brand] - "and a Democratic brand" - [description of second brand].

 The descriptions focus on what they believe in (minimalist state vs big government). This characterizes the type or kind of political agent.

 Also, the word "make" is a synonym for sense 2. "What make of car" = what brand/kind of car.
 "A Republican make" would mean a Republican kind.

 I think sense 2 is the best fit.

 Wait, I should check if there's any other interpretation. The text mentions "buy" which suggests commercial transaction. In economics, when we say consumers buy brands, we usually mean they buy products distinguished by brand names (sense 1). But the text immediately defines these brands by their characteristics (beliefs), which aligns more with sense 2 (recognizable kinds).

 Let me look at the exact wording again: "Voters can 'buy' one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in... and a Democratic brand that believes in..."

 The dash suggests apposition: the two brands are: 1) a Republican brand that believes in..., 2) a Democratic brand that believes in...

 So "brand" here is synonymous with "type" or "variety" of political agent.

 Therefore, sense_index: 2.

 But I want to be careful. Is there any chance it's sense 1?
 If it were sense 1, the text would be saying voters buy one of two names/trademarks. While metaphorically true in political marketing, the specific gloss for sense 1 emphasizes the naming aspect ("a name given to..."), whereas the text emphasizes the substantive differences (beliefs about government).

 Also, sense 2 has the example "there's a new brand of hero" which is metaphorical usage very similar to this political metaphor.

 I will go with sense 2.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: public
Target surface form: public
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in <t>public</t> intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=public%3:00:00:: | definition=not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole | examples=the public good; public libraries
2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 | definition=affecting the people or community as a whole | examples=community leaders; community interests

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "public" in the given context. I need to choose between two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=public%3:00:00:: | definition=not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole | examples=the public good; public libraries
2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 | definition=affecting the people or community as a whole | examples=community leaders; community interests

Let me analyze the context:

The target word "public" appears in the phrase "public intervention" in contrast to "private markets" and "private interest".

The sentence is: "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest."

Here, "public" is being contrasted with "private". The phrase "public intervention" refers to government action or action by the state (as opposed to private markets/interest).

Looking at the two senses:

Sense 1: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole" - examples: "the public good; public libraries"
Sense 2: "affecting the people or community as a whole" - examples: "community leaders; community interests"

Wait, looking at the sense keys:
- sense_key=public%3:00:00:: - This is an adjective (3), and the definition suggests it's about being open/concerning people as a whole, not private.
- sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 - This is also an adjective (5 usually indicates adjective satellite in WordNet, but the format looks different... actually %5 indicates adjective satellite). The definition is "affecting the people or community as a whole".

Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
- public%3:00:00:: is the main sense: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole"
- public%5:00:00:common:02 is likely a satellite adjective linked to "common", meaning "affecting the people or community as a whole"

In the context, "public intervention" means government intervention or intervention by the public sector/state, as opposed to private action. This aligns with sense 1: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole" or specifically concerning government/state action on behalf of the people.

But let me look more carefully. The phrase is "public intervention" in the context of "big government" and contrasted with "private interest" and "private markets".

Sense 1 (public%3:00:00::) is the primary sense of public meaning "concerning the people as a whole" or "not private" - this includes public sector, public goods, etc.

Sense 2 (public%5:00:00:common:02) seems to be a satellite sense meaning "affecting the community as a whole" - similar to "common" or "communal".

In the context of "public intervention" vs "private markets", this is clearly using "public" to mean "governmental" or "state" action, which falls under sense 1: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole".

The contrast is between private markets/interest and public action/intervention. This is the classic public vs. private distinction in political economy, where "public" refers to the sphere of government/state action on behalf of the people.

Sense 2 seems more about something being communal or affecting everyone (like a public health issue), whereas sense 1 is about the distinction between private and public sectors/spheres.

Given the examples for sense 1 include "public good" and "public libraries" - these are things provided by the government or for the public, contrasting with private goods. "Public intervention" fits this pattern - it's intervention by the public sector/government.

Sense 2's examples "community leaders; community interests" suggest something more localized or communal rather than the broad public/private distinction in political philosophy.

Therefore, sense 1 (public%3:00:00::) is the correct choice.

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user asks for "sense_index". Looking at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=public%3:00:00:: ...
2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 ...

So sense 1 is index 1, sense 2 is index 2.

I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

But let me double-check. Is there any chance sense 2 is better?

Sense 2: "affecting the people or community as a whole"
Sense 1: "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole"

"Public intervention" in this context specifically means government intervention. This is the "public sector" sense - which is sense 1. The WordNet examples "public good" (economics term) and "public libraries" align with government provision/services.

Sense 2 seems to be more about "public" meaning "widespread" or "affecting everyone" - like "public health concern" or something that affects the community.

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- public (adj) sense 1: not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole
- public (adj) sense 2: affecting the people or community as a whole (this is actually a satellite of "common")

But in the political context here, "public action" and "public intervention" refer to government action - the public sector vs private sector. This is definitely sense 1.

Also, the gloss for sense 1 explicitly mentions "not private" which matches the contrast in the text between "private markets" and "public action".

So the answer is sense_index: 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: intervention
Target surface form: intervention
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public <t>intervention</t> to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=intervention%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute, etc.) | synonyms=intercession | examples=it occurs without human intervention
2. sense_key=intervention%1:10:00:: | definition=a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries | synonyms=interference
3. sense_key=intervention%1:04:03:: | definition=the act or fact of interposing one thing between or among others | synonyms=interposition
4. sense_key=intervention%1:04:01:: | definition=(law) a proceeding that permits a person to enter into a lawsuit already in progress; admission of person not an original party to the suit so that person can protect some right or interest that is allegedly affected by the proceedings | examples=the purpose of intervention is to prevent unnecessary duplication of lawsuits
5. sense_key=intervention%1:04:02:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=treatment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "intervention" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses American presidential elections and voting patterns
 - It mentions a "Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest"
 - This is contrasting with a "Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets"
 - The context is about government action/policy to address problems in the economy/society

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=intervention%1:04:00:: - the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute, etc.) | synonyms=intercession | examples=it occurs without human intervention
    - This seems like a general act of intervening, but the context is specifically about government policy

 2. sense_key=intervention%1:10:00:: - a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries | synonyms=interference
    - This is about foreign policy/intervention in other countries, but the context is about domestic government intervention in markets/economy

 3. sense_key=intervention%1:04:03:: - the act or fact of interposing one thing between or among others | synonyms=interposition
    - This is very general, about inserting something between other things

 4. sense_key=intervention%1:04:01:: - (law) a proceeding that permits a person to enter into a lawsuit...
    - This is specifically legal terminology about joining a lawsuit, not relevant here

 5. sense_key=intervention%1:04:02:: - care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures...) | synonyms=treatment
    - This is medical context, not relevant here

 Wait, let me reconsider. None of these seem to perfectly match "government intervention in the economy" which is what the context suggests (public intervention to remedy excesses of private interest).

 Let me look again at sense 1: "the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute, etc.)" - this is the most general sense.
 Sense 2 is specifically about foreign affairs/other countries.
 Sense 3 is about interposing physically or abstractly between things.

 Actually, looking carefully at the context: "public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest" - this is talking about government intervening in the economy/market.

 In WordNet, the sense for government intervention in economic matters is often covered by sense 1 (the general act of intervening) or sometimes sense 2 is misinterpreted, but sense 2 specifically mentions "affairs of other countries" which makes it foreign intervention.

 Let me check: "intervention%1:10:00::" - the noun group 10 is "act, deed, human action, human activity" or wait, let me think about WordNet noun lexicographer file numbers...
 Actually, %1:10:00 would be noun.10 which is "act, human action" - wait no, the noun file numbers are:
 - 03: noun.animal
 - 04: noun.artifact
 - 05: noun.attribute
 - 06: noun.body
 - 07: noun.cognition
 - 08: noun.communication
 - 09: noun.event
 - 10: noun.feeling
 - 11: noun.food
 - 12: noun.group
 - 13: noun.location
 - 14: noun.motive
 - 15: noun.object
 - 16: noun.person
 - 17: noun.phenomenon
 - 18: noun.plant
 - 19: noun.possession
 - 20: noun.process
 - 21: noun.quantity
 - 22: noun.relation
 - 23: noun.shape
 - 24: noun.state
 - 25: noun.substance
 - 26: noun.Tops
 - 27: noun.time

 Wait, the sense keys use a different numbering. Let me recall: in WordNet 3.0 sense keys, the %1 indicates noun, and the number after that is the lexicographer file number. So:
 - %1:04:00 would be noun.04 which is... actually I need to be careful. The :04: refers to the lexicographer file number.

 Actually, standard WordNet 3.0 lexicographer file numbers for nouns:
 - noun.act - 03? No, let me check...

 Standard mapping:
 - noun.act: 03
 - noun.animal: 04
 - noun.artifact: 05
 - noun.attribute: 06
 - noun.body: 07
 - noun.cognition: 08
 - noun.communication: 09
 - noun.event: 10
 - noun.feeling: 11
 - noun.food: 12
 - noun.group: 13
 - noun.location: 14
 - noun.motive: 15
 - noun.object: 16
 - noun.person: 17
 - noun.phenomenon: 18
 - noun.plant: 19
 - noun.possession: 20
 - noun.process: 21
 - noun.quantity: 22
 - noun.relation: 23
 - noun.shape: 24
 - noun.state: 25
 - noun.substance: 26
 - noun.time: 27
 - noun.Tops: 28

 Wait, that's not right either. Let me think... Actually the numbers in the sense key like %1:04:00 mean:
 - %1 = noun
 - :04: = lexfile number 04
 - 00 = sense number

 Lexfile numbers:
 - 00 = adj.all (for adjectives)
 - ...
 - 04 = noun.act

 Let me verify common noun lexfile numbers:
 - noun.act: 04
 - noun.animal: 05? No...

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet 3.0:
 - 04: noun.act
 - 10: noun.communication? No...

 Wait, I should look at the actual glosses provided to determine which sense fits, rather than trying to guess the lexfile taxonomy.

 Gloss 1: "the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute, etc.)" - This is the general concept of intervention.
 Gloss 2: "a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries" - This is specifically foreign intervention.
 Gloss 3: "the act or fact of interposing one thing between or among others" - This is about physical or spatial interposition.
 Gloss 4: Legal intervention.
 Gloss 5: Medical intervention/treatment.

 Context: "public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest"
 - This is about government intervening in the economy.
 - It's not foreign policy (so not sense 2).
 - It's not legal (sense 4) or medical (sense 5).
 - It's not just physical interposition (sense 3).
 - It's the general act of intervening (sense 1).

 However, sense 1 mentions "as to mediate a dispute" which is one type, but the general act of intervening covers government intervention in markets.

 Actually, in many WSD datasets, when "intervention" refers to government economic intervention, it maps to sense 1 (the general act) because WordNet often doesn't have a specific sense for "government economic intervention" separate from the general act.

 But wait, sense 2 says "policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries" - this is foreign intervention. But the text isn't talking about foreign countries, it's talking about domestic public policy.

 So sense 1 seems best: "the act of intervening" - specifically in this case, the government intervening in the market economy.

 But let me double-check sense 3: "the act or fact of interposing one thing between or among others" - this could metaphorically apply, but "intervention" in political economy is usually the first sense.

 Actually, looking at the synonyms:
 - Sense 1: intercession
 - Sense 2: interference
 - Sense 3: interposition

 In the context: "public intervention to remedy..." - this sounds like sense 1 (general intervention).

 But I need to be careful. In some versions of WordNet or in some disambiguation schemes, "intervention" in the context of government policy might be sense 1.

 Let me reconsider sense 2: "a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries". The context is definitely domestic (American voting, American congressional seats, American political parties), so it's not foreign intervention.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

 Wait, I should verify the indexing. The user asks for the "sense_index". The options are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. I should return the number of the best sense.

 So: {"sense_index": 1}

 But let me reconsider if there's any ambiguity. Could it be sense 3? "the act or fact of interposing one thing between or among others" - government interposing itself between private actors? That's a stretch. The standard term is "government intervention" which maps to sense 1 in WordNet.

 Sense 1 examples: "it occurs without human intervention" - this is the general sense.

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.