[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: view
Target surface form: view
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite <t>view</t> that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=view%1:09:02:: | definition=a way of regarding situations or topics etc. | synonyms=position, perspective | examples=consider what follows from the positivist view
2. sense_key=view%1:09:01:: | definition=the visual percept of a region | synonyms=aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama | examples=the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views
3. sense_key=view%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=survey, sight | examples=he tried to get a better view of it; his survey of the battlefield was limited
4. sense_key=view%1:15:00:: | definition=the range of the eye | synonyms=eyeshot | examples=they were soon out of view
5. sense_key=view%1:09:04:: | definition=a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought | examples=my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion
6. sense_key=view%1:10:00:: | definition=a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof | synonyms=opinion | examples=his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page
7. sense_key=view%1:09:00:: | definition=purpose; the phrase `with a view to' means `with the intention of' or `for the purpose of' | examples=he took the computer with a view to pawning it
8. sense_key=view%1:06:00:: | definition=graphic art consisting of the graphic or photographic representation of a visual percept | synonyms=scene | examples=he painted scenes from everyday life; figure 2 shows photographic and schematic views of the equipment
9. sense_key=view%1:07:00:: | definition=the range of interest or activity that can be anticipated | synonyms=horizon, purview | examples=It is beyond the horizon of present knowledge
10. sense_key=view%1:07:01:: | definition=outward appearance | examples=they look the same in outward view

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "view" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses journalists and lawyers discussing whether instant news (Twitter coverage) is more incendiary than slower reports.
 - The specific sentence: "In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite <t>view</t> that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials."

 Key elements:
 - "Luddite view" - Luddite refers to someone opposed to technological change/industrialization
 - The "view" here is being described as a perspective or opinion about whether instant news is more incendiary
 - It's characterized as a belief or judgment that would make poor policy

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. view%1:09:02:: - a way of regarding situations or topics etc. | synonyms=position, perspective
    - This seems plausible. A "Luddite view" could be a way of regarding the situation.

 2. view%1:09:01:: - the visual percept of a region | synonyms=aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama
    - This is about physical/visual seeing. Not relevant here.

 3. view%1:04:00:: - the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=survey, sight
    - Physical act of seeing. Not relevant.

 4. view%1:15:00:: - the range of the eye | synonyms=eyeshot
    - Physical range of vision. Not relevant.

 5. view%1:09:04:: - a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought
    - This fits well. The journalists are characterizing the claim as a "Luddite view" - meaning a Luddite opinion or belief. The context suggests it's a judgment about instant news vs. slower reports.

 6. view%1:10:00:: - a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief...
    - This is about the expression/message itself. The context is referring to the belief/position itself, not necessarily the expression of it in a message.

 7. view%1:09:00:: - purpose; the phrase `with a view to'...
    - Not relevant here.

 8. view%1:06:00:: - graphic art... representation of a visual percept
    - Not relevant.

 9. view%1:07:00:: - the range of interest or activity...
    - Not relevant.

 10. view%1:07:01:: - outward appearance
    - Not relevant.

 Now comparing sense 1 and sense 5:

 Sense 1: "a way of regarding situations or topics etc." - synonyms: position, perspective
 Sense 5: "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty" - synonyms: opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought

 The phrase "Luddite view" suggests a particular stance or opinion. The context is about journalists characterizing a claim as being a Luddite opinion/belief.

 However, looking closely at the context: "the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view"

 This is saying that the claim represents a particular perspective or way of thinking (Luddite perspective).

 But sense 5 specifically mentions "not founded on proof or certainty" and synonyms include "opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought".

 Sense 1 is "a way of regarding situations or topics" with synonyms "position, perspective".

 In WSD for "view", sense 1 (position, perspective) and sense 5 (opinion) are often close. But sense 5 is more specific about being a personal belief/judgment not founded on proof.

 The context suggests that the journalists think this is an opinion/perspective (Luddite view) that would make poor policy.

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - Sense 1:09:02 is often the "perspective/standpoint" sense
 - Sense 1:09:04 is the "opinion" sense

 The example for sense 1: "consider what follows from the positivist view"
 The example for sense 5: "my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion"

 In the context, "Luddite view" is parallel to "positivist view" in the example. It's a way of regarding the topic - a Luddite perspective on technology/news.

 However, the phrase "was a Luddite view" could also be interpreted as "was a Luddite opinion".

 Let me check the actual WordNet sense keys to see the ordering:
 - view%1:09:02:: (position, perspective)
 - view%1:09:04:: (opinion, sentiment)

 In many WSD datasets, "view" meaning "opinion" vs "perspective" can be tricky. But looking at the specific glosses:

 Sense 1: "a way of regarding situations or topics etc."
 Sense 5: "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty"

 The context emphasizes that this is a judgment about instant news being more incendiary. The journalists are saying this claim represents a particular stance (Luddite stance).

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 1: "consider what follows from the positivist view"
 And the context: "was a Luddite view"

 This seems very parallel. A "positivist view" and a "Luddite view" are both ways of regarding topics.

 But sense 5 has "opinion" which also fits.

 Let me look at the difference more carefully. Sense 5 specifically mentions "not founded on proof or certainty" - this suggests it's more subjective. The context here is describing a claim/belief about the nature of instant news.

 However, the phrase "Luddite view" is most naturally interpreted as a "Luddite perspective" or "Luddite position" - which aligns with sense 1.

 But wait, looking at the synonyms for sense 5: opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought. The phrase "Luddite view" could easily be replaced with "Luddite opinion".

 Let me reconsider the context flow:
 - Some journalists said the claim... was a Luddite view...
 - This view would make poor court policy...

 If I replace "view" with "opinion": "was a Luddite opinion" - fits well.
 If I replace with "perspective": "was a Luddite perspective" - also fits well.
 If I replace with "position": "was a Luddite position" - fits well.

 But looking at the specific WordNet sense distinctions:
 - Sense 1:09:02 (position, perspective) - this is about a cognitive stance, a way of regarding things
 - Sense 1:09:04 (opinion) - this is specifically about beliefs/judgments not founded on proof

 The key might be in the phrase "the claim... was a Luddite view". The claim itself is being categorized as a type of view/opinion.

 Actually, looking at standard WSD for "view":
 - "in my view" usually goes to sense 5 (opinion)
 - "point of view" usually goes to sense 1 (perspective)
 - "a view on politics" could be either

 But here we have "Luddite view" modifying "view". Luddites are known for their opposition to technology. So a "Luddite view" is a perspective characterized by opposition to technology.

 However, the specific context is that journalists are saying the claim (that instant news is more incendiary) is a Luddite view - meaning it's an anti-technology stance or opinion.

 Given the options, sense 5 (opinion, sentiment) seems slightly better because:
 1. The context involves journalists characterizing a belief/claim
 2. The synonyms include "opinion" which fits the evaluative nature of the statement
 3. The example "my opinion differs from yours" suggests interpersonal disagreement about beliefs, which matches the journalistic disagreement here

 But sense 1 is also strong because:
 1. "Positivist view" in the examples is very similar to "Luddite view"
 2. It's a way of regarding the topic of instant news vs. slow news

 Let me check if there's any other clue. The text says "was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy".

 If it's a "perspective", it can make policy.
 If it's an "opinion", it can make policy.

 Both work.

 However, looking at the WordNet sense numbering:
 view%1:09:02:: vs view%1:09:04::

 In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
 - view%1:09:02:: is "position, perspective"
 - view%1:09:04:: is "opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought, view"

 Wait, looking at the candidate list:
 1. sense_key=view%1:09:02:: | definition=a way of regarding situations or topics etc. | synonyms=position, perspective
 5. sense_key=view%1:09:04:: | definition=a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought

 The key distinction is that sense 5 explicitly mentions "not founded on proof or certainty". In the context, the journalists are dismissing the claim as a "Luddite view" - implying it's an unfounded or reactionary opinion against technology.

 Also, sense 5 includes "thought" as a synonym, and the context is about a claim that represents a way of thinking.

 But actually, looking at the example for sense 1: "consider what follows from the positivist view"
 And the context: "was a Luddite view"

 These are parallel constructions - both are "ideological label + view".

 However, "Luddite" is often used to describe an attitude or opinion against technology.

 Let me think about this differently. If the sentence was "In my view, this is bad", that would be sense 5.
 If the sentence is "This is a Luddite view", it's attributing a characteristic to the view itself.

 Actually, looking at the full sentence again: "the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view"

 This is saying the claim IS a view. The claim is a type of opinion or perspective.

 Given that the journalists are criticizing it as something that would make poor policy, and given that "Luddite" implies a particular stance or opinion, and given the synonyms, I think sense 5 (opinion) is the best fit.

 But I should double-check sense 6: "a message expressing a belief..."
 No, it's not referring to a message.

 Sense 1 is also very close. But the phrase "personal belief or judgment" in sense 5 captures the nature of what is being discussed - a judgment about instant news.

 Also, the word "claim" in the context suggests something that is a matter of opinion/belief rather than fact.

 I think sense 5 (index 5) is the correct choice.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=view%1:09:02::
 2. sense_key=view%1:09:01::
 3. sense_key=view%1:04:00::
 4. sense_key=view%1:15:00::
 5. sense_key=view%1:09:04::
 6. sense_key=view%1:10:00::
 7. sense_key=view%1:09:00::
 8. sense_key=view%1:06:00::
 9. sense_key=view%1:07:00::
 10. sense_key=view%1:07:01::

 So sense 5 in the list corresponds to view%1:09:04::.

 But let me reconsider one more time. Is it possible it's sense 1?

 "A way of regarding situations or topics" - this is very general.
 "A personal belief or judgment..." - this is more specific to subjective assessments.

 The context involves a disagreement about whether instant news is more incendiary. One side calls it a "Luddite view" - suggesting it's a reactionary, anti-technology perspective.

 In many WSD systems, "view" when modified by an adjective like "political", "philosophical", "Luddite" often maps to sense 1 (perspective/position), while "view" in phrases like "in my view" maps to sense 5.

 However, looking at the specific gloss for sense 5: "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty"

 The claim being discussed is certainly a judgment, and the journalists are implying it's not well-founded (by calling it Luddite).

 But sense 1's example "positivist view" is extremely similar to "Luddite view".

 Let me check if "Luddite" is more like a philosophical position or a personal opinion. Luddism is a position/stance against technology.

 Actually, looking at the distinction between sense 1 and 5 in WordNet:
 - Sense 1 (09:02): position, perspective - this is about the cognitive framing
 - Sense 5 (09:04): opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought - this is about the belief content

 In the context, "the claim... was a Luddite view" - the claim is being equated to a view. A claim is typically an assertion or opinion.

 I think I need to go with sense 5. The key is that it's a judgment about the nature of instant news, and the synonyms "opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought" fit well.

 But I'm not entirely certain. Let me see if there's any other clue.

 The sentence continues: "that would make poor court policy"

 If you have a "Luddite perspective", it leads to poor policy.
 If you have a "Luddite opinion", it leads to poor policy.

 Both work.

 However, looking at the word "sentiment" in sense 5's synonyms - "Luddite sentiment" is a common collocation. "Luddite perspective" is also common, but "sentiment" captures the emotional/oppositional aspect.

 Also, sense 5 explicitly mentions "not founded on proof" - and the journalists are dismissing the claim as unfounded/reactionary.

 I think sense 5 is the best choice.

 Actually, one more check: is there any chance it's sense 6? "a message expressing a belief..."
 No, because it's not referring to a message or expression, but to the claim itself being a type of view.

 So my final answer is sense index 5.

provider: DeepInfra


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: court
Target surface form: court
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor <t>court</t> policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=court%1:14:00:: | definition=an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
2. sense_key=court%1:06:02:: | definition=a room in which a lawcourt sits | synonyms=courtroom | examples=television cameras were admitted in the courtroom
3. sense_key=court%1:14:01:: | definition=the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state | synonyms=royal court
4. sense_key=court%1:06:01:: | definition=a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played | examples=players had to reserve a court in advance
5. sense_key=court%1:18:00:: | definition=Australian woman tennis player who won many major championships (born in 1947) | synonyms=Margaret Court
6. sense_key=court%1:14:02:: | definition=the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince | synonyms=royal court
7. sense_key=court%1:06:03:: | definition=a hotel for motorists; provides direct access from rooms to parking area | synonyms=motor hotel, motor inn, motor lodge, tourist court
8. sense_key=court%1:06:05:: | definition=a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice
9. sense_key=court%1:06:04:: | definition=the residence of a sovereign or nobleman | examples=the king will visit the duke's court
10. sense_key=court%1:06:00:: | definition=an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings | synonyms=courtyard | examples=the house was built around an inner court
11. sense_key=court%1:04:00:: | definition=respectful deference | synonyms=homage | examples=pay court to the emperor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "court" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses a trial, verdict, lawyers, news coverage, courthouse, appeals courts
 - The specific sentence containing the target word: "In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor <t>court</t> policy governing coverage of future trials."
 - The phrase is "court policy" - this refers to policy made by or for the judicial system/courts
 - Later it mentions "appeals courts" and "adaptation by the courts"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. court%1:14:00:: - an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
    - This refers to the judicial body/institution itself

 2. court%1:06:02:: - a room in which a lawcourt sits | synonyms=courtroom
    - Physical location/room

 3. court%1:14:01:: - the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state | synonyms=royal court
    - Royal/governmental court, not judicial

 4. court%1:06:01:: - a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played
    - Sports court (tennis, basketball, etc.)

 5. court%1:18:00:: - Australian woman tennis player (Margaret Court)
    - Proper noun/person

 6. court%1:14:02:: - the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince
    - Royal court entourage

 7. court%1:06:03:: - a hotel for motorists (motor court)
    - Motel

 8. court%1:06:05:: - a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice
    - This is similar to sense 1 but emphasizes the tribunal/institution aspect

 9. court%1:06:04:: - the residence of a sovereign or nobleman
    - Palace/residence

 10. court%1:06:00:: - an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings | synonyms=courtyard
     - Courtyard

 11. court%1:04:00:: - respectful deference | synonyms=homage
     - Pay court to someone

 The phrase in question is "court policy". This refers to the policies established by the judicial system or courts as an institution.

 Looking at the context:
 - "make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials"
 - This is about the judicial system's rules/regulations (policy) regarding trial coverage
 - Later mentions "appeals courts" and "adaptation by the courts"

 So we need a sense that refers to the judicial institution/body.

 Sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business" - this is the judicial body as an institution
 Sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws" - this is also judicial, but seems to emphasize the physical tribunal or the specific court session?

 Actually, looking carefully:
 - Sense 1 (court%1:14:00::) is under noun.group (1:14) - "an assembly..."
 - Sense 8 (court%1:06:05::) is under noun.artifact (1:06) - "a tribunal..."

 Wait, let me check the WordNet hierarchy:
 - 1:14 usually refers to groups/collections of people
 - 1:06 usually refers to physical artifacts/places

 But sense 8 says "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate..." - this could be interpreted as the institution or the physical place?

 Actually, looking at the gloss for sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws"
 And synonyms: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice

 Sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business"
 Synonyms: tribunal, judicature

 "Court policy" would be policy established by the court as an institution/governing body.

 In legal contexts, "court" often refers to the judicial body/institution (sense 1 or 8).

 But let's look at the specific phrase "court policy". This is a compound noun where "court" modifies "policy". It means "policy of the court" or "judicial policy".

 Both sense 1 and sense 8 could potentially work, but sense 1 (court%1:14:00::) refers to the assembly/judicial body as a group, while sense 8 seems to refer more to the specific tribunal/court of law as an institution.

 Actually, looking at typical WordNet distinctions:
 - Sense 1 (noun.group) is usually the judicial branch/institution as a collective
 - Sense 8 (noun.artifact) is usually the specific court as a legal institution

 But "court policy" is definitely referring to the judicial system's policies.

 Let me reconsider the context more carefully. The sentence says: "make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials."

 This is talking about the rules or policies that courts establish. This would be the policy of the judicial institution.

 Between sense 1 and sense 8:
 - Sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business" - this is the court as a group of people
 - Sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws" - this is the court as a legal institution/forum

 Actually, looking at the examples and typical usage:
 - "court policy" is a standard collocation referring to the policies of the judicial system
 - This aligns with sense 1 (the judicial business/institution) or sense 8 (the tribunal)

 But wait, looking at the sense keys:
 - court%1:14:00:: - this is the first sense under noun.group (14)
 - court%1:06:05:: - this is under noun.artifact (06)

 In WordNet, sense 1:14:00 is typically the primary sense for the judicial institution.

 However, looking at the gloss for sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws"

 And sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business"

 "Court policy" would be the policy of the assembly/institution. I think sense 1 is the best fit.

 But let me double-check by looking at the other mentions of "court" in the text:
 - "outside the courthouse" - this is the building (sense 2 or 10?)
 - "appeals courts" - this is the judicial institution (sense 1 or 8)
 - "adaptation by the courts" - judicial institutions

 The target is specifically "court policy".

 In legal English, "court" when referring to the institution that makes policy or rules is sense 1 (the judicial assembly/institution).

 However, I should verify if there's any distinction between sense 1 and sense 8 that I'm missing.

 Sense 8 synonyms: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice
 Sense 1 synonyms: tribunal, judicature

 "Court policy" could work with both, but "tribunal" and "judicature" suggest the institutional aspect, while "lawcourt" suggests the specific venue.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet definitions more carefully:
 - Sense 1 (noun.group): refers to the court as a group/assembly of judges
 - Sense 8 (noun.artifact): refers to the court as a tribunal (which could be the institution)

 But in the context "court policy", it's referring to the policy of the judicial system. This is most commonly sense 1.

 Wait, I notice that sense 8 is "court%1:06:05::" and sense 2 is "court%1:06:02::" (courtroom).

 Let me reconsider if "court policy" could mean something else. Could it mean the policy regarding the physical courtroom? No, the context is about "governing coverage of future trials" - this is procedural/policy matter of the judicial institution.

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 8.

 Looking at the examples provided in the candidate list:
 - Sense 2 example: "television cameras were admitted in the courtroom" - physical place
 - Sense 4 example: "players had to reserve a court in advance" - sports
 - Sense 9 example: "the king will visit the duke's court" - residence
 - Sense 10 example: "the house was built around an inner court" - courtyard
 - Sense 11 example: "pay court to the emperor" - homage

 No examples for sense 1 or 8 provided in the list.

 But based on standard WordNet:
 - Sense 1 is the primary sense for the judicial body
 - Sense 8 is a specific type of court (lawcourt)

 Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1 structure:
 - court#n#1: an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business
 - court#n#8: a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws

 These are very similar. But sense 1 is the general sense of the judicial assembly, while sense 8 is specifically a lawcourt/court of law.

 In the phrase "court policy", this is a general term for the policy of the judicial system. Sense 1 is the best fit.

 However, I want to make sure about the indexing. The user asks for the "sense_index". Looking at the format:
 - sense_key=court%1:14:00::
 - sense_key=court%1:06:02::
 etc.

 The "index" appears to be the number in the list (1-11), not the WordNet offset.

 So I need to return which number in the candidate list (1-11) is correct.

 The candidates are numbered 1-11.

 Candidate 1: sense_key=court%1:14:00::
 Candidate 8: sense_key=court%1:06:05::

 I believe the answer is 1.

 But let me reconsider if it could be 8. "Court policy" - is this referring to the policy of a specific tribunal or the general judicial institution? Given the context mentions "appeals courts" (plural) and "the courts" (general), and "future trials" (general), this is about the judicial system as a whole, not a specific tribunal. So sense 1 (the assembly/institution) is better than sense 8 (the specific tribunal).

 Also, "court policy" is a standard term in legal contexts referring to the policy of the judiciary, which aligns with sense 1.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

 Wait, I should double-check if there's any other interpretation. Could "court" here be used in the sense of "courtroom" (sense 2)? "Court policy" vs "courtroom policy"? Courtroom policy would be specific to the room, but the context is about "coverage of future trials" which is a matter of judicial administration, not just the physical room.

 Could it be sense 11 (homage)? No, that doesn't make sense with "policy".

 Could it be sense 3 or 6 (royal court)? No, this is clearly about legal/judicial courts.

 So it's definitely between 1 and 8.

 One more check: In WordNet, sense 1 (noun.group) is "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business". This is the court as a governing body.

 Sense 8 (noun.artifact) is "a tribunal...". This is also judicial.

 But "court policy" is policy made by the court as an institution. In WordNet, sense 1 is the institution sense.

 I think 1 is correct.

 Actually, looking at the context again: "make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials."

 This is parallel to "court rules" or "court procedures". This is the domain of the judicial institution.

 I'll go with sense_index: 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Chutes

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court <t>policy</t> governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "policy" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:

 The sentence containing the target word is: "In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court <t>policy</t> governing coverage of future trials."

 Key context clues:
 - "make poor court policy" - referring to establishing rules or guidelines for how courts should operate
 - "governing coverage of future trials" - this policy would regulate how trials are covered by media
 - The discussion is about whether restricting Twitter/instant news coverage would be good or bad as a rule/practice for courts

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
    - This seems to fit. A "court policy" would be a plan of action adopted by the court system (a social group/institution) regarding how to handle media coverage.

 2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
    - This seems more specific to government and rationalizing/justifying actions. While courts are part of government, the context here is about a practical rule for managing trials, not a line of argument rationalizing action.

 3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy
    - This is clearly about insurance, which doesn't fit the context at all.

 Between sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group" - courts are social groups/institutions, and establishing rules for media coverage is a plan of action.
 - Sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government" - this seems more abstract, about justification/rationale rather than the actual rules themselves.

 The phrase "court policy" here refers to the rules or guidelines that courts would adopt to govern media coverage. This aligns with sense 1 - a plan of action adopted by a social group (the courts).

 Also, looking at the examples for sense 1: "it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies" - these refer to general plans of action or courses of conduct.

 The examples for sense 2: "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation" - this uses "policy" in the sense of wisdom/prudence (or the opposite, impolicy), which is a different usage. Actually, looking closely at sense 2's definition: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government" - this seems like it might be referring to something like "foreign policy" as a field of study or argumentation?

 Wait, let me reconsider. In WordNet, policy%1:10:00:: is likely the "prudence" sense or the "wise course of action" sense? No, looking at the definition again: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government" - this sounds like it could be referring to the concept of policy as a justification or rationale.

 But actually, looking at standard WordNet entries:
 - policy%1:09:00:: is usually the general "plan of action" sense
 - policy%1:10:00:: might be the "prudence/wisdom" sense (as in "it is good policy to...")
 - policy%1:10:02:: is definitely insurance

 Wait, the definition given for sense 2 is: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government". This is confusing. Let me think about what this corresponds to in actual WordNet.

 Actually, looking at the examples: "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation" - the word "impolicy" suggests this is about wisdom/prudence. "Impolicy" means lack of wisdom or prudence. So sense 2 is likely about "wise course of action" or "prudence".

 But the definition says "a line of argument rationalizing..." which is odd.

 Let me reconsider the context. The phrase is "make poor court policy". If sense 2 is about wisdom/prudence (policy vs impolicy), then "poor policy" would mean "unwise" or "imprudent".

 But the context says "governing coverage of future trials" - this suggests a specific rule or plan, not just the abstract concept of wisdom.

 Actually, looking at the phrase "court policy" - this is a compound noun where "policy" means the rules or principles that guide decisions. This is definitely sense 1: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group".

 The courts would be adopting a plan of action (rules) for how to handle media coverage.

 Sense 2 with "impolicy" in the example suggests it's about the quality of being wise/prudent, not a specific plan. But the definition provided says "a line of argument rationalizing..." which is confusing.

 Actually, I think I should trust the definition and examples provided in the prompt:

 Sense 1: plan of action adopted by individual or social group
 Sense 2: line of argument rationalizing course of action of government
 Sense 3: insurance contract

 In the context: "make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials"

 This is clearly about establishing rules or guidelines (a plan of action) for how courts should handle media coverage. It's not an insurance contract (sense 3).

 Is it sense 2? "A line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government"? Courts are part of government, but the context isn't about a line of argument rationalizing action. It's about actual rules for conducting trials.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

 Wait, I should double-check. Could "court policy" mean something else?

 In legal contexts, "court policy" can refer to the established practices and procedures of the court system. This is definitely a "plan of action adopted by a social group" (the judiciary).

 The journalists are saying that viewing instant news as more incendiary would make poor policy (i.e., would be a bad rule/practice) for courts to adopt.

 So the answer should be sense 1.

 But let me reconsider sense 2 one more time. The example "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation" - here "policy" contrasts with "impolicy" (lack of wisdom). This suggests sense 2 is about prudence/wisdom.

 However, the definition says "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government". This might be a specific WordNet sense I'm not immediately recognizing.

 Actually, looking at WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
 - policy (n.) #1: a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group; "it was a policy of retribution"; "a politician keeps changing his policies"
 - policy (n.) #2: a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government; "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation"
 - policy (n.) #3: written contract or certificate of insurance; "you should have read the small print on your policy"

 Sense #2 is indeed defined that way. But the example with "impolicy" is confusing because "impolicy" usually means "imprudence" or "lack of wisdom", not "lack of a line of argument".

 However, looking at the actual WordNet entry, sense #2 might be the "prudence" sense, and the definition might be poorly worded in the prompt, or I'm misunderstanding it.

 Actually, checking WordNet: sense #2 is "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government" - this is actually the "foreign policy" type sense? No, that's usually sense #1.

 Let me think... In some contexts, "policy" can mean "wisdom" or "prudence" as in "honesty is the best policy". This is sense #2 in some versions.

 But the definition provided in the prompt for sense 2 is definitely about rationalizing course of action.

 Given the context "court policy governing coverage", this is clearly a specific plan or set of rules, not an abstract line of argument or the concept of prudence.

 Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

 Final check:
 - Target: "policy" in "make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials"
 - Meaning: rules or principles that guide how courts should handle media coverage
 - Sense 1: plan of action adopted by a social group (the court system) - YES
 - Sense 2: line of argument rationalizing government action - NO, this is too abstract and specific to rationalization
 - Sense 3: insurance - NO

 The answer is sense 1.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: coverage
Target surface form: coverage
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing <t>coverage</t> of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=coverage%1:21:00:: | definition=the total amount and type of insurance carried | synonyms=insurance coverage
2. sense_key=coverage%1:07:00:: | definition=the extent to which something is covered | examples=the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent
3. sense_key=coverage%1:10:00:: | definition=the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television | synonyms=reporting, reportage | examples=they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "coverage" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about media coverage of a trial.
- It mentions "intense coverage of the trial"
- "the case dominated the news"
- "news media continually fanned the flames"
- "daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters"
- "Twitter coverage"
- "reports delivered more slowly"
- "coverage of future trials"

The target word "coverage" appears in the phrase "governing coverage of future trials" and earlier in "intense coverage of the trial", "Twitter coverage".

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=coverage%1:21:00:: | definition=the total amount and type of insurance carried | synonyms=insurance coverage
- This is about insurance. The context is clearly about media/news, not insurance. So this is wrong.

2. sense_key=coverage%1:07:00:: | definition=the extent to which something is covered | examples=the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent
- This is about the extent/scope of something (like a dictionary's coverage of words). While one could argue that "coverage of future trials" could mean the extent to which trials are covered, the context is specifically about news reporting, media presence, journalists, tweets, cameras, reporters, news media. The examples and synonyms point to this being about news reporting.

3. sense_key=coverage%1:10:00:: | definition=the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television | synonyms=reporting, reportage | examples=they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations
- This fits perfectly. The context is about media coverage of a trial, news media, reporters, Twitter coverage, instant news, reports. The synonyms "reporting, reportage" match exactly. The example "biased coverage of race relations" shows the same usage pattern: media coverage of a topic.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 3.

The user wants only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trial
Target surface form: trials
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future <t>trials</t>. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trial%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of testing something | synonyms=test, run | examples=in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately; he called each flip of the coin a new trial
2. sense_key=trial%1:09:00:: | definition=trying something to find out about it | synonyms=trial run, test, tryout | examples=a sample for ten days free trial; a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain
3. sense_key=trial%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of undergoing testing | synonyms=test | examples=he survived the great test of battle; candidates must compete in a trial of skill
4. sense_key=trial%1:04:02:: | definition=(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law | examples=he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial
5. sense_key=trial%1:11:01:: | definition=(sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications | examples=the trials for the semifinals began yesterday
6. sense_key=trial%1:11:00:: | definition=an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event | synonyms=tribulation, visitation | examples=his mother-in-law's visits were a great trial for him; life is full of tribulations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "trials" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses "the intense coverage of the trial"
 - Mentions "challenge to the verdict"
 - "case dominated the news"
 - "daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse"
 - "court policy governing coverage of future <t>trials</t>"

 The context is clearly about legal proceedings, court cases, and verdicts. The word "trials" appears in the phrase "coverage of future trials", referring to future court cases or legal proceedings.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. trial%1:04:00:: - "the act of testing something" - Examples talk about experimental trials, measuring carbon, coin flips. This is about testing/experimentation, not legal proceedings.

 2. trial%1:09:00:: - "trying something to find out about it" - Examples: free trial, trial of progesterone. This is about testing products or medical treatments.

 3. trial%1:04:03:: - "the act of undergoing testing" - Examples: test of battle, trial of skill. This is about being tested/challenged.

 4. trial%1:04:02:: - "(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law" - Examples: "he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty", "settled before they go to trial". This is clearly the legal sense.

 5. trial%1:11:01:: - "(sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications" - Examples: trials for the semifinals. This is about sports competitions.

 6. trial%1:11:00:: - "an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event" - Examples: mother-in-law's visits were a trial. This is about tribulations/hardships.

 The context is undoubtedly legal:
 - "coverage of the trial"
 - "challenge to the verdict"
 - "courthouse"
 - "court policy"
 - "future trials"

 Therefore, the correct sense is #4: trial%1:04:02:: - the legal sense.

 The user asks for a JSON object like {"sense_index": 4} (using 1-based indexing based on the numbered list provided).

 Wait, let me check the indexing. The senses are numbered 1-6 in the candidate list. So the legal sense is #4.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 4}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: argument
Target surface form: arguments
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to <t>arguments</t> that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=argument%1:10:02:: | definition=a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true | synonyms=statement | examples=it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true
2. sense_key=argument%1:10:03:: | definition=a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement | synonyms=controversy, contention, contestation, disputation, disceptation, tilt | examples=they were involved in a violent argument
3. sense_key=argument%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal | synonyms=argumentation, debate | examples=the argument over foreign aid goes on and on
4. sense_key=argument%1:10:01:: | definition=a summary of the subject or plot of a literary work or play or movie | synonyms=literary argument | examples=the editor added the argument to the poem
5. sense_key=argument%1:10:04:: | definition=(computer science) a reference or value that is passed to a function, procedure, subroutine, command, or program | synonyms=parameter
6. sense_key=argument%1:09:00:: | definition=a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable
7. sense_key=argument%1:09:01:: | definition=a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning | synonyms=argumentation, logical argument, line of reasoning, line | examples=I can't follow your line of reasoning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "arguments" in the given context. Let me analyze the context carefully.

Context analysis:
- The text discusses a legal case (verdict, challenge, lawyers, appeals courts)
- It mentions that lawyers are making claims about social and technological changes requiring adaptation by courts
- The specific sentence: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to <t>arguments</t> that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."
- Here, "arguments" refers to the reasoning or claims put forth by lawyers to persuade appeals courts
- These are logical presentations of evidence/reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth (that courts need to adapt)

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. argument%1:10:02:: - "a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true" - synonyms: statement
   - This is close, but seems more like individual facts/assertions rather than the structured reasoning process.

2. argument%1:10:03:: - "a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement" - synonyms: controversy, contention, etc.
   - This refers to a quarrel or fight, not applicable here. The context is about legal reasoning, not a dispute between people.

3. argument%1:10:00:: - "a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal" - synonyms: argumentation, debate
   - This refers to a discussion/debate. While close, the context specifically mentions appeals courts being attracted to arguments (plural) that changes require adaptation. It's more about the line of reasoning presented than a discussion.

4. argument%1:10:01:: - "a summary of the subject or plot..." - clearly not applicable.

5. argument%1:10:04:: - computer science term - not applicable.

6. argument%1:09:00:: - mathematical/logical variable - not applicable.

7. argument%1:09:01:: - "a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning" - synonyms: argumentation, logical argument, line of reasoning, line
   - This fits best. In legal contexts, "arguments" refers to the reasoning presented to demonstrate why something is true (e.g., why courts need to adapt). The phrase "arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation" describes a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth.

Wait, let me reconsider between sense 1 and sense 7, and sense 3.

Sense 1: "a fact or assertion offered as evidence" - This could fit, as legal arguments are assertions offered as evidence. But the examples given ("it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true") suggest it's more about individual pieces of evidence.

Sense 3: "a discussion in which reasons are advanced..." - This suggests a back-and-forth debate, but the context is about lawyers presenting arguments to courts, not necessarily a discussion between parties.

Sense 7: "a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth..." - This seems most appropriate for legal arguments. When lawyers make arguments to an appeals court, they are presenting a course of reasoning (logical argument) to demonstrate that something is true (that changes require adaptation).

Also, looking at the pattern "arguments that...", this often goes with sense 7 (logical reasoning) or sense 1 (assertions). But given the legal context and the nature of appeals courts evaluating reasoning, sense 7 seems best.

Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet:
- argument%1:10:02:: (sense 1 in the list) is often used for "evidence" type arguments
- argument%1:09:01:: (sense 7 in the list) is the "logical argument" sense

In legal contexts, when we say "the court was attracted to arguments that...", we usually mean the logical reasoning presented. The phrase "arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation" describes the content of the reasoning.

Let me check the examples for sense 7: "I can't follow your line of reasoning" - this matches the structure of presenting a case.

For sense 1: "it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true" - this also fits grammatically with "arguments that..."

But sense 1 is under lexicographer file 1:10 (noun.communication) along with sense 2, 3, 4, 5.
Sense 7 is under 1:09 (noun.cognition).

Legal arguments are typically considered a communication act (noun.communication), but the specific meaning here seems to be about the logical reasoning.

Wait, looking at the context again: "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

This means appeals courts like hearing the reasoning that changes require adaptation. It's about the line of reasoning (sense 7) or the assertions (sense 1).

But "argument" in legal English typically maps to:
- In WordNet 3.0/3.1, the legal sense is usually argument%1:10:02:: (a fact or assertion offered as evidence) or argument%1:09:01:: (logical argument).

Actually, looking at standard WSD datasets, legal "arguments" usually map to sense 1:10:02 (the "evidence" sense) when referring to specific contentions, or 1:09:01 when referring to the reasoning process.

But here, "arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation" - this is a proposition being argued. It's a claim with supporting reasoning.

Sense 1: "a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true"
Sense 7: "a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood"

The key difference is that sense 1 is about the assertion/evidence itself, while sense 7 is about the reasoning process.

In the sentence, the arguments ARE the claims that changes require adaptation. This sounds more like sense 1 (assertions offered as evidence/truth).

However, looking at the examples for sense 1: "it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true" - this matches perfectly: "arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation".

But sense 7 example: "I can't follow your line of reasoning" - doesn't match as well.

Also, sense 3: "a discussion in which reasons are advanced..." - the context isn't describing a discussion, but rather the positions taken by lawyers.

Sense 2 is definitely wrong (that's about quarrels).

Between 1 and 7:
- Sense 1 (1:10:02): Focus on "fact or assertion offered as evidence"
- Sense 7 (1:09:01): Focus on "course of reasoning"

In legal contexts, when we say "legal arguments," we often mean the assertions and reasoning combined. But specifically, when an appeals court is "attracted to arguments that X", X is the proposition being argued.

Actually, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
- 1:10:02 is "statement" (a message that is stated or declared)
- 1:09:01 is "proof" (a formal series of statements showing that if one thing is true something else necessarily follows from it)

I think sense 1 (1:10:02) is the better fit here because:
1. The arguments are being offered to the court as evidence/reasons why something is true
2. The structure "arguments that [proposition]" matches the example "argument that his hypothesis was true"
3. While legal reasoning involves logic, the word "arguments" here refers to the specific contentions being made

But wait, I should also consider sense 3 (1:10:00): "argumentation, debate". No, that's about the activity of discussing.

Let me reconsider sense 7. The definition mentions "the methodical process of logical reasoning". Lawyers present arguments (lines of reasoning) to courts. The courts are attracted to these lines of reasoning.

Actually, looking at common WSD for "argument" in legal contexts:
- "he presented his argument" -> usually sense 7 (logical argument) or sense 1 (statement)
- But "the argument that..." often goes with sense 1.

However, there's a subtle distinction. Sense 1 is "a fact or assertion offered as evidence". Are the "arguments" here facts/assertions? Yes, they are assertions that changes require adaptation.

But sense 7 is also plausible as "a course of reasoning".

Let me look at the synonyms:
- Sense 1: statement
- Sense 7: argumentation, logical argument, line of reasoning, line

The word "line" (as in "line of argument") is synonymous with sense 7.

In the context: "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments..." - this could mean they like hearing these types of legal arguments (lines of reasoning).

But I think sense 1 is more likely because:
1. It's more common for "arguments" plural referring to specific points made
2. The definition "fact or assertion offered as evidence" fits legal briefs and oral arguments where specific points are made
3. The example "it was a strong argument that..." parallels "arguments that social and technological changes..."

However, I'm now leaning toward sense 7 because:
- The arguments are about demonstrating a truth (that courts need to adapt)
- It's about the reasoning process ("methodical process of logical reasoning")
- Appeals courts evaluate the reasoning/argumentation

Let me check if there's a standard mapping. In SemCor and other datasets:
- "arguments" in legal contexts often map to sense 1 (1:10:02) when referring to specific points, or sense 7 (1:09:01) when referring to the overall reasoning.

The phrase "arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation" - here, "arguments" introduces the content of the reasoning. This is ambiguous.

But looking at the very first sense in the list (which is 1:10:02), it's labeled as the second sense in the 1:10 file (the first being 1:10:00, then 1:10:01, etc. - wait, the numbering is confusing).

Actually, looking at the sense keys:
1. argument%1:10:02::
2. argument%1:10:03::
3. argument%1:10:00::
4. argument%1:10:01::
5. argument%1:10:04::
6. argument%1:09:00::
7. argument%1:09:01::

The numbers after the second colon are the lexicographer order within that file.
So:
- 1:10:00 is sense 3 in my list (debate)
- 1:10:01 is sense 4 in my list (literary summary)
- 1:10:02 is sense 1 in my list (fact/assertion)
- 1:10:03 is sense 2 in my list (dispute)
- 1:10:04 is sense 5 in my list (computer science)

And:
- 1:09:00 is sense 6 (math variable)
- 1:09:01 is sense 7 (logical reasoning)

So the question is between:
- 1:10:02 (fact/assertion/evidence) - index 1
- 1:09:01 (logical reasoning) - index 7
- 1:10:00 (debate/discussion) - index 3

Given that appeals courts are attracted to "arguments" regarding adaptation, and lawyers are pressing a "claim" (mentioned later), these are formal legal arguments - lines of reasoning.

But "arguments that..." strongly suggests the "assertion" sense (1:10:02).

Let me look for similar examples online or in my training data mentally:
- "The argument that the earth is flat is wrong" -> this would be sense 1 (an assertion offered as evidence) or sense 7 (a course of reasoning).
- In WordNet, "argument that..." constructions are often sense 1.

However, I recall that in legal contexts, "argument" often maps to sense 7 when referring to the legal argument (the reasoning presented).

But looking at the definition of sense 1 again: "a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true". The lawyers are offering the assertion that "social and technological changes required adaptation" as evidence/reason why the court should adapt. This fits perfectly.

Sense 7: "a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth". This also fits - the course of reasoning demonstrates that adaptation is needed.

The difference is subtle. But sense 1 (1:10:02) is classified under noun.communication as a type of "statement", while sense 7 (1:09:01) is under noun.cognition as a type of "proof".

Legal arguments are typically considered statements (communications) to the court, but they are also logical proofs.

Given the context mentions "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments...", and appeals courts review legal arguments (the reasoning applied to law), sense 7 might be better.

But I think the safest choice is sense 1 (index 1) because:
1. It's the most frequent sense for "argument" in general usage referring to propositions
2. The example "it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true" is almost identical in structure to the usage here
3. The definition mentions "assertion offered as evidence" which matches legal arguments

Wait, I should check if "argument" in "legal argument" has a standard WSD mapping. In WordNet, "legal argument" could be:
- 1:10:02: the assertions made
- 1:09:01: the line of reasoning

But looking at the examples for 1:09:01: "I can't follow your line of reasoning" - this suggests a process, not a discrete claim.

The text says "arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation" - this is a discrete claim/proposition, not a process. Therefore, sense 1 (1:10:02) is better.

Also, sense 3 (1:10:00) is "argumentation, debate" which is an activity/event, not the content being presented.

Therefore, I choose index 1.

Wait, let me double-check by re-reading carefully: "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

Are these "arguments":
- Disputes/quarrels? No (eliminates index 2)
- Literary summaries? No (eliminates index 4)
- Computer parameters? No (eliminates index 5)
- Math variables? No (eliminates index 6)

Between:
- Index 1 (1:10:02): Assertions/evidence
- Index 3 (1:10:00): Debates/discussions
- Index 7 (1:09:01): Logical reasoning process

The courts are attracted to the assertions/reasoning that changes require adaptation. They are not attracted to "discussions" (index 3). So it's between 1 and 7.

The phrase "arguments that X" where X is a proposition strongly favors index 1. For index 7, we'd expect "arguments about X" or "the argument for X" or referring to the reasoning process itself.

Also, the word "claim" appears nearby: "Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim." This suggests "arguments" here are similar to claims - assertions.

Therefore: {"sense_index": 1}

But I want to make sure about the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=argument%1:10:02::
2. sense_key=argument%1:10:03::
3. sense_key=argument%1:10:00::
4. sense_key=argument%1:10:01::
5. sense_key=argument%1:10:04::
6. sense_key=argument%1:09:00::
7. sense_key=argument%1:09:01::

So if I choose sense_key 1:10:02, the index is 1.

If I choose sense_key 1:09:01, the index is 7.

I choose 1.

Actually, one final check: could it be sense 3 (1:10:00 - debate)? "Appeals courts were often attracted to debates that..." No, that doesn't make sense. Courts aren't attracted to debates in this context; they're attracted to specific legal arguments (positions/reasoning).

So definitely between 1 and 7. I stick with 1.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: change
Target surface form: changes
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological <t>changes</t> required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=change%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another | synonyms=alteration, modification | examples=the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse
2. sense_key=change%1:24:00:: | definition=a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event | examples=he attributed the change to their marriage
3. sense_key=change%1:04:00:: | definition=the action of changing something | examples=the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election
4. sense_key=change%1:19:00:: | definition=the result of alteration or modification | examples=there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains
5. sense_key=change%1:21:02:: | definition=the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due | examples=I paid with a twenty and pocketed the change
6. sense_key=change%1:06:01:: | definition=a thing that is different | examples=he inspected several changes before selecting one
7. sense_key=change%1:06:00:: | definition=a different or fresh set of clothes | examples=she brought a change in her overnight bag
8. sense_key=change%1:21:01:: | definition=coins of small denomination regarded collectively | examples=he had a pocketful of change
9. sense_key=change%1:21:03:: | definition=money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency | examples=he got change for a twenty and used it to pay the taxi driver
10. sense_key=change%1:07:00:: | definition=a difference that is usually pleasant | synonyms=variety | examples=he goes to France for variety; it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "changes" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological <t>changes</t> required adaptation by the courts."
 - The context is about how social and technological changes (developments/evolutions) require courts to adapt.
 - The word "changes" here refers to developments or transformations in society and technology over time.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=change%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another | synonyms=alteration, modification | examples=the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse
    - This refers to the event of changing, or the occurrence of transition from one state to another.
    - "Social and technological changes" could fit here as events/transitions.

 2. sense_key=change%1:24:00:: | definition=a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event
    - This seems more abstract, focusing on the relational difference rather than the event itself.

 3. sense_key=change%1:04:00:: | definition=the action of changing something
    - This refers to the act/action of changing, not the result or the event itself.

 4. sense_key=change%1:19:00:: | definition=the result of alteration or modification | examples=there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains
    - This refers to the result/state after alteration.
    - "Social and technological changes" could be interpreted as the results/developments.

 5. sense_key=change%1:21:02:: | definition=the balance of money...
    - Money sense, clearly not relevant.

 6. sense_key=change%1:06:01:: | definition=a thing that is different
    - This seems to refer to a specific different thing/instance.

 7. sense_key=change%1:06:00:: | definition=a different or fresh set of clothes
    - Clothing sense, not relevant.

 8. sense_key=change%1:21:01:: | definition=coins of small denomination...
    - Money/coins sense, not relevant.

 9. sense_key=change%1:21:03:: | definition=money received in return...
    - Money exchange sense, not relevant.

 10. sense_key=change%1:07:00:: | definition=a difference that is usually pleasant | synonyms=variety
    - This is about variety/pleasant difference, not relevant to social/technological developments.

 Now between sense 1 and sense 4 mainly:
 - Sense 1: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another" - this is the process/event of changing.
 - Sense 4: "the result of alteration or modification" - this is the outcome/result.

 In the phrase "social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts", the "changes" are developments/evolutions in society and technology. These are typically viewed as events or processes (transitions from old states to new states), or as the results of such transitions.

 Let me look at the examples for sense 1: "the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse"
 - These refer to events or occurrences.

 Examples for sense 4: "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains"
 - These refer to observable differences/results in physical things.

 In the context of "social and technological changes", we're talking about developments over time - the transition from one technological era to another, or social evolution. This is more like sense 1 (an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another).

 However, sense 4 could also work if we view "changes" as the results of social and technological development.

 But looking at the specific wording: "social and technological changes required adaptation" - the changes are requiring the courts to adapt. This suggests the changes are ongoing developments or the state of being different that necessitates response.

 Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet senses:
 - Sense 1 (change%1:11:00::) is under noun.event
 - Sense 4 (change%1:19:00::) is under noun.phenomenon or similar?

 Let me think about the distinction:
 - Sense 1: the event of changing (the process/occurrence)
 - Sense 4: the result of alteration (the end state/difference)

 In "technological changes", we usually mean new technologies emerging (the events of transition), or the state of technology being different now.

 But looking at the example for sense 1: "the change was intended to increase sales" - this treats change as an event/action.
 Example: "this storm is certainly a change for the worse" - this treats change as a difference/event.

 For sense 4: "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs" - this refers to physical alterations/results.

 "Social and technological changes" in the context of courts needing to adapt seems to refer to the developments/evolutions happening in society - these are events or processes (sense 1), or the results of such processes (sense 4).

 But I think sense 1 is the better fit because:
 1. "Changes" in the plural often refers to multiple instances of transition/events when talking about social/technological development.
 2. The phrase "social and technological changes" is commonly used to mean developments or evolutions (events of transition).
 3. Sense 4 examples focus more on physical/observable alterations in things (lungs, mountains), while sense 1 is more general about state transitions.

 Wait, let me reconsider sense 2: "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event"
 - This is more abstract, about the relationship/difference between states.

 Actually, looking at the context again: "social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts"
 - This means that because society and technology have changed (undergone transitions), courts must adapt.
 - The "changes" here are the developments that have occurred.

 In WordNet, sense 1 (change%1:11:00::) is the most general sense for the event of changing, and is the most common sense for "changes" when referring to developments in society, technology, etc.

 Sense 4 is specifically about the result of alteration (the changed state), while sense 1 is about the event/process of changing.

 When we say "technological changes", we can mean:
 - The events of technology changing (sense 1)
 - The results of technology having changed (sense 4)

 But given the context of "required adaptation", it suggests ongoing or completed transitions that necessitate response. Both could work, but sense 1 is the primary sense for this usage.

 Let me check if there's any other clue. The word "changes" is plural. Sense 1 examples include "the change was intended..." (singular) and "this storm is certainly a change..." (singular). Sense 4 examples include "there were marked changes..." (plural) and "there had been no change..." (singular).

 The plural "changes" in sense 4 refers to multiple results of alteration.
 The plural "changes" in sense 1 refers to multiple events of transition.

 In the phrase "social and technological changes", I believe this is sense 1: events that occur when something passes from one state or phase to another.

 However, I should also consider sense 3: "the action of changing something" - but this is the act, which is usually singular or uncountable in this abstract sense, and the examples suggest deliberate actions ("the change of government", "his change on abortion").

 Sense 1 seems best. The definition "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another" fits social and technological developments perfectly - these are events where society/technology passes to new states.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index 1.

 Wait, I need to be careful. Let me double-check the sense keys and indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=change%1:11:00::
 2. sense_key=change%1:24:00::
 3. sense_key=change%1:04:00::
 4. sense_key=change%1:19:00::
 5. sense_key=change%1:21:02::
 etc.

 So sense_index 1 corresponds to change%1:11:00::.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys:
 - %1:11:00:: is the event sense (noun.event)
 - %1:19:00:: is the phenomenon/result sense (noun.phenomenon? or noun.state?)
 - %1:04:00:: is the act sense (noun.act)

 In standard WordNet:
 - change%1:11:00:: - event (the change from one state to another)
 - change%1:19:00:: - state (the result of alteration)

 For "social and technological changes", I believe the intended sense is the event sense (sense 1), referring to the transitions/developments occurring in society and technology.

 Final check: Could it be sense 4? "the result of alteration or modification"
 - If we interpret "changes" as the new conditions/results of social and technological development, then sense 4 could work.
 - But "changes" in this context typically refers to the process of development itself, not just the end results.

 Also, looking at the example for sense 4: "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs" - this is a physical/medical change (result).
 "there had been no change in the mountains" - physical geographical change.

 While sense 1 examples: "the change was intended to increase sales" - could be policy change (event).
 "this storm is certainly a change for the worse" - weather change (event).

 Social and technological changes are more like the first category - events/developments.

 I will go with sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: adaptation
Target surface form: adaptation
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required <t>adaptation</t> by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=adaptation%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=version | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
2. sense_key=adaptation%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions) | synonyms=adaption, adjustment
3. sense_key=adaptation%1:04:01:: | definition=(physiology) the responsive adjustment of a sense organ (as the eye) to varying conditions (as of light)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "adaptation" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses a court case and how news media coverage affected it
 - Lawyers are arguing about social and technological changes (like Twitter coverage, instant news)
 - The sentence containing "adaptation" is: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required <t>adaptation</t> by the courts."

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=adaptation%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=version | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
    - This is about literary/creative works being transformed (like a book into a movie)
    - Not relevant here - we're talking about courts changing, not a written work

 2. sense_key=adaptation%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions) | synonyms=adaption, adjustment
    - This is about the process of adjusting or adapting to conditions/changes
    - The context mentions "social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts"
    - This fits perfectly - the courts need to adjust/adapt to new social and technological conditions

 3. sense_key=adaptation%1:04:01:: | definition=(physiology) the responsive adjustment of a sense organ (as the eye) to varying conditions (as of light)
    - This is a physiological/biological sense (like eyes adjusting to light)
    - Not relevant to courts and social changes

 So sense 2 is clearly the best fit. The context is about courts needing to adjust or adapt to social and technological changes (like the rise of Twitter and instant news coverage).

 The definition mentions "the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)" and while the example mentions environmental conditions, the schematic gloss should be interpreted broadly to include any conditions requiring adjustment, including social and technological changes.

 The synonyms "adaption, adjustment" also fit well with the idea of courts adjusting their policies or procedures in response to new technologies.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Moonshot AI