[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: however
Context:
Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, <t>however</t>. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "however" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringing and how it becomes an obsession/passion for ringers.
 - The sentence with "however" is: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
 - The next sentence says: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

 So the structure is:
 1. Ringing becomes a bit of an obsession/passion
 2. However, this passion usually stays in the tower
 3. Ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry

 The "however" here is introducing a contrast or limitation to the previous statement about it being an obsession. While it is an obsession/passion, it stays in the tower (doesn't extend outside/beyond the tower).

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed

 This sense is about concession - "despite anything to the contrary". The example shows "although... however..." which suggests this is the concessive use.

 2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours

 This is the contrastive use - introducing a statement that contrasts with something that has just been said.

 3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge...

 This is the "to whatever extent" use, modifying adjectives/adverbs.

 4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it...

 This is the "in whatever manner" use.

 Now, looking at the context:
 "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

 The "however" here is at the end of the clause, which is a common position for the concessive/contrastive "however" (sense 1 or 2).

 But let's look at the meaning:
 - Previous: It is a passion/obsession
 - However: it usually stays in the tower (limitation/contrast)
 - Next: Ringers think of the church as stuck on the bottom

 Actually, looking more carefully:
 "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

 So:
 - Statement: Ringing is an obsession/passion
 - However: This passion stays in the tower (implying it doesn't affect other aspects of life, or contrasting with the idea that it might spill over everywhere)

 Wait, the next sentence clarifies: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

 So the "however" is contrasting the idea that it's an obsession with the fact that it's contained to the tower. Or rather, it's qualifying the previous statement.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 1: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it" - this seems to show "however" as a conjunction meaning "nevertheless".

 But in our text: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

 This looks like sense 2: "by contrast; on the other hand". But wait, sense 2 example: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours" - this shows a contrast between two parts.

 In our case:
 - It is a passion (positive/intense)
 - However, it stays in the tower (limitation/containment)

 Or is it sense 1 (concessive)?
 "despite anything to the contrary"

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - however%4:02:00:: is typically the "nevertheless" sense (concessive)
 - however%4:02:04:: is the "by contrast" sense

 But in many dictionaries, these are closely related. Let me look at the examples more carefully.

 Sense 1 examples: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it" - here "however" is used like "nevertheless" after a concession introduced by "although".

 Sense 2 examples: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours" - here it's contrasting two separate clauses.

 In our sentence: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

 The word "however" is at the end, which is unusual for sense 2 (which typically comes at the beginning of the clause it modifies, or after the subject). But "however" can come at the end in sense 1 (concessive).

 Example of sense 1 with however at end: "I'll go, however" (meaning nevertheless).

 But let's look at the meaning again. The sentence is saying that although it's a passion/obsession, it stays in the tower (doesn't affect their view of the church, or doesn't spill over into other areas).

 Actually, reading the full context:
 "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

 So:
 1. It's an obsession/passion
 2. However (nevertheless/all the same), it stays in the tower
 3. Ringers think of the church as just the base of the belfry

 Wait, actually, looking at the flow:
 - It's a passion
 - However, it stays in the tower
 - (Explanation:) Ringers think of the church as stuck on the bottom

 The "however" is contrasting the intensity of the passion with its confined location. This is a contrastive use.

 But in WordNet, sense 1 (however%4:02:00::) is defined as "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)" with synonyms nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so.

 Sense 2 (however%4:02:04::) is "by contrast; on the other hand".

 The difference between these two can be subtle. Sense 1 is more about "in spite of that" (concessive), while sense 2 is more about "on the other hand" (contrastive).

 In this context: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

 This seems to be saying: "It is a passion; nevertheless, it stays in the tower" or "It is a passion that stays in the tower, however [you might think otherwise]".

 Actually, looking at the position - "however" is at the end. This is characteristic of the concessive "however" (sense 1). For example: "I'll help you, however" (meaning nevertheless, despite difficulties).

 But let's check if sense 2 can appear at the end. Usually sense 2 appears at the beginning of the clause or after the subject: "The second, however, took hours." It doesn't typically appear at the very end of the sentence.

 Sense 1 (concessive) can appear at the end: "I don't agree, however."

 So position suggests sense 1.

 Now meaning: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."
 This could mean: "Nevertheless, it is a passion that stays in the tower" - but that doesn't make sense because there's no prior contrast.

 Wait, the previous sentence is: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

 So:
 - Sentence 1: Ringing becomes a bit of an obsession (quote)
 - Sentence 2: It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

 The "however" is qualifying the statement about it being an obsession/passion. It's saying: "It is a passion, however [it stays in the tower]" or "It is a passion that stays in the tower, however".

 Actually, reading it naturally: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however." This sounds like: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, nevertheless." But that would imply despite something said before.

 Or: "It is a passion. It usually stays in the tower, however." = "It usually stays in the tower, nevertheless."

 But the sentence structure is: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however."

 I think the "however" here is functioning as a sentence adverb meaning "nevertheless" or "though", indicating that despite being a passion/obsession, it is confined to the tower.

 This aligns with sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary".

 But let me reconsider sense 2. Could it be "by contrast"? "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, by contrast"? That doesn't fit as well.

 Actually, looking at the gloss for sense 2 again: "by contrast; on the other hand". This is used when presenting an opposing viewpoint or contrasting fact.

 In the context:
 - Previous: It's an obsession/passion (intense)
 - However: It stays in the tower (confined)
 - Next: They think of the church as just the base

 The contrast is between the intensity of the passion and its limited scope. This could be either sense 1 or 2.

 But the key is that sense 1 (however%4:02:00::) is the most common sense for "however" when it means "nevertheless", and it can appear at the end of the sentence.

 Let me check the WordNet examples for sense 1 again: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed"

 These show "however" in the middle of the clause, not at the end.

 For sense 2: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours" - this shows "however" in the middle.

 But "however" at the end of a sentence is typically the concessive sense (sense 1), equivalent to "though" or "nevertheless" at the end.

 Example: "I don't agree, however."

 So given the position at the end of the sentence, and the meaning of "nevertheless" (conceding that despite it being a passion, it stays in the tower), sense 1 seems correct.

 Wait, I should verify if sense 2 can be used at the end. In standard usage, "however" meaning "on the other hand" is not typically placed at the end of a sentence. It comes at the beginning or after the subject.

 Therefore, the position strongly suggests sense 1.

 Also, looking at the synonyms for sense 1: nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so.
 Substituting: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, nevertheless." - This makes sense.
 "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, still." - A bit awkward but possible.
 "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, yet." - Possible.

 For sense 2: "It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, by contrast." - This doesn't work as well at the end.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice.

 But let me double-check sense 4: "in whatever way or manner" - no, that doesn't fit.
 Sense 3: "to whatever degree or extent" - no, not modifying an adjective here.

 So it's between 1 and 2.

 Given the sentence-final position and the concessive meaning ("despite what you might think" or "nevertheless"), sense 1 is correct.

 Actually, looking at the context again, I want to make sure I understand the discourse relation.

 "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden... It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

 The quote says it's an obsession/passion. Then the author adds that it stays in the tower, however. This "however" is qualifying the extent of the obsession - it's an obsession, but it's confined to the tower. This is a restriction or qualification, which is a type of concession.

 So yes, sense 1.

 Final check: The user wants the output as {"sense_index": 1} (using the number from the list, which appears to be 1, 2, 3, or 4 based on the order given).

 The candidates are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 in the list.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: more
Target surface form: More
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. <t>More</t> often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs | synonyms=to a greater extent | examples=more interesting; more beautiful
2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: | definition=comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent | examples=he works more now; they eat more than they should

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "more" (surface form "More") in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

 The phrase "more often than not" is an idiomatic expression meaning "usually" or "most of the time."

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=more%4:02:00:: - used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs (e.g., more interesting, more beautiful)
 2. sense_key=more%4:02:01:: - comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent (e.g., he works more now; they eat more than they should)

 In the phrase "more often than not":
 - "often" is an adverb
 - "more" is modifying "often" to form the comparative
 - However, "more often than not" is a fixed expression where "more" means "in greater frequency" or "to a greater extent/degree"

 Let's look at the definitions carefully:

 Sense 1: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs" - This is the standard comparative marker for polysyllabic adjectives/adverbs. Examples: more interesting, more beautiful.

 Sense 2: "comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent" - This is the comparative of "much" (quantity/degree). Examples: he works more now; they eat more than they should.

 In "more often than not":
 - "often" is an adverb
 - "more" is forming the comparative of "often"
 - However, "often" is a disyllabic adverb that can take "-er" (oftener) but more commonly takes "more" for the comparative.

 But wait, looking at WordNet's organization:
 - Sense 1 (more%4:02:00::) is specifically about forming comparatives of adjectives and adverbs (the grammatical function).
 - Sense 2 (more%4:02:01::) is the adverbial use meaning "to a greater degree or extent" (the semantic content).

 Actually, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1 examples: "more interesting; more beautiful" - these show "more" + adjective
 - Sense 2 examples: "he works more now; they eat more than they should" - these show "more" as a standalone adverb (comparative of "much")

 In "more often":
 - Is "more" forming the comparative of "often" (Sense 1), or is it the comparative adverb meaning "to a greater extent" (Sense 2)?

 "More often" can be analyzed as:
 1. "more" + "often" where "more" is the comparative marker (Sense 1)
 2. "more" as an adverb modifying "often" where "more" means "to a greater degree" (Sense 2)

 But "often" is an adverb. So if "more" is forming the comparative of the adverb "often", that would fit Sense 1.

 However, let's look at the specific phrase "more often than not". This is a comparative construction comparing frequency.

 Actually, looking at WordNet's adverb senses for "more":
 - more.r.01: used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs
 - more.r.02: comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent

 In "more often than not", "more" is modifying "often" (an adverb). This looks like Sense 1 - forming the comparative of an adverb.

 But wait, "more" can also function as the comparative of "much" or "many" when standing alone or modifying verbs. When modifying another adverb like "often", it's typically considered the comparative marker (Sense 1).

 However, "more often" means "with greater frequency" - which could be interpreted as "to a greater extent" (Sense 2).

 Let me check the distinction more carefully:
 - Sense 1: This is the syntactic function of forming comparatives for adjectives/adverbs that don't take -er. It's a grammatical operator.
 - Sense 2: This is the semantic meaning of "more" as the comparative of "much" (quantity/degree).

 In "he works more now" - "more" is an adverb meaning "to a greater extent" (comparative of "much").
 In "more interesting" - "more" is forming the comparative of the adjective "interesting".

 In "more often":
 - If we treat "often" as the adverb being compared, then "more" is the comparative marker (Sense 1).
 - If we treat "more" as quantifying the frequency (comparative of "much" + "often"), it could be Sense 2.

 But "often" is inherently about frequency. "More often" = "with greater frequency".

 Actually, looking at standard WSD for "more":
 - When "more" modifies an adjective or adverb directly to form a comparative (e.g., more slowly, more happy), it's usually sense 1.
 - When "more" stands alone or modifies a verb (e.g., I need more, I eat more), it's sense 2.

 In "more often than not", "more" is directly modifying the adverb "often" to form its comparative degree. Therefore, Sense 1 seems appropriate.

 But let me double-check by considering "more" as a determiner/quantifier vs. adverb. The POS here is adverb (4:02 indicates adverb).

 Actually, looking at the examples provided:
 Sense 1: "more interesting; more beautiful" - comparative of adjectives
 Sense 2: "he works more now; they eat more than they should" - comparative adverb of quantity

 In "more often", since "often" is an adverb, and "more" is making it comparative, this aligns with Sense 1's definition: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs".

 However, there's a subtlety: "more often than not" could be seen as "more (often than not)" where "more" is the comparative of much/frequency.

 But given the examples:
 - Sense 1: comparative formation for adj/adv
 - Sense 2: standalone comparative adverb

 Since "more" is immediately followed by "often" (an adverb), and together they form the comparative of "often", Sense 1 is the better fit.

 Wait, I should verify if there's any other interpretation. Could "More" here be a determiner? No, "more often" - "often" is an adverb, so "more" is an adverb here.

 Could it be sense 2? "to a greater degree or extent" - well, "more often" does mean "to a greater extent frequently". But the examples for sense 2 show "more" as a pro-form or quantifier substituting for a quantity (eating more, working more), not as a modifier of another adverb.

 Therefore, Sense 1 is correct: "used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs".

 But I need to be careful. In some WordNet versions, the distinction might be different. Let me reconsider.

 Actually, looking at the Princeton WordNet 3.1:
 - more.r.01: used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs ("more interesting", "more beautiful", "more slowly")
 - more.r.02: comparative of much; to a greater degree or extent ("he works more now", "they eat more than they should")

 In "more often than not":
 - "often" is an adverb of frequency
 - "more often" is the comparative form of "often"
 - Therefore, "more" is functioning as the comparative marker for the adverb "often"

 This matches sense.r.01.

 However, "more often than not" is a fixed phrase meaning "usually". In this phrase, "more" could be analyzed as comparing the frequency (extent) rather than forming a grammatical comparative. But given the structure, it's clearly the comparative form of "often".

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 Wait, I should check if there's any possibility that this is sense 2. If "more" were replaced with "much", would it make sense? "Much often than not" - no, that's ungrammatical. "Much" doesn't modify "often" directly like that. We say "very often", not "much often". So "more" here is not the comparative of "much" modifying "often". It's the comparative marker for "often" itself.

 Therefore, Sense 1 is definitely correct.

 Final check:
 - Context: "More often than not, ringers think..."
 - Target: More
 - Sense 1: comparative marker for adj/adv (e.g., more slowly)
 - Sense 2: comparative of much (e.g., eat more)

 "More slowly" = Sense 1 (comparative of adverb slowly)
 "More often" = should also be Sense 1 (comparative of adverb often)

 Yes.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: AtlasCloud

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More <t>often</t> than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "often" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 The sentence is: "More <t>often</t> than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

 The phrase "more often than not" is an idiom meaning "usually" or "in most cases" or "frequently".

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
    - This sense seems to emphasize frequency of occurrence over time (many times at short intervals).

 2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
    - This sense seems related to quantity/degree (much, a great deal).

 3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances
    - This sense seems to emphasize that something happens in many instances or cases.

 The phrase "more often than not" means "in most cases" or "usually". It refers to the proportion of cases or instances, not necessarily the frequency over time or quantity.

 Looking at the specific usage: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

 This means: In many cases/in most instances, ringers think of the church...

 This aligns with sense 3: "in many cases or instances".

 Sense 1 would imply "many times at short intervals" - like "we often met" (repeatedly over time).
 Sense 2 would imply "much" or "a great deal" - usually modifying verbs of consumption or action amount.
 Sense 3 implies "in many cases" - which fits the "more often than not" construction which is about the probability or proportion of instances.

 The phrase "more often than not" is specifically listed in WordNet examples for sense 3 (often%4:02:02::). Let me verify mentally: Yes, "more often than not" is a set phrase meaning "usually" or "in many instances", which corresponds to sense 3.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 3.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 3}

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, <t>ringers</t> think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "ringers" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringing
 - It mentions "Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing"
 - It talks about bells swapping places in changes
 - It mentions Dorothy L. Sayers describing ringing as a passion
 - It mentions Stephanie Pattenden as "master of the band" and "one of England's best female ringers"
 - It mentions ringers thinking of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry
 - It mentions ringers going to the pub after completing their changes

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:
 1. ringer%1:18:02:: - a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) - synonyms: toller, bell ringer
 2. ringer%1:18:01:: - a person who is almost identical to another - synonyms: dead ringer, clone
 3. ringer%1:18:00:: - a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
 4. ringer%1:04:00:: - (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

 The context clearly describes people who ring church bells. They are in a belfry, they use their wrists to control the bells, they complete "changes" (which is a term used in change ringing), they are associated with church towers, and they go to the pub after ringing.

 The word "ringers" appears multiple times in the text, always referring to people who ring bells. For example:
 - "Skilled ringers use their wrists..."
 - "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication...'"
 - "one of England's best female ringers"
 - "ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry"
 - "ringers often skip off to the local pub"

 This clearly matches sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" with synonyms toller, bell ringer.

 Sense 2 (dead ringer/clone) doesn't fit - there's no mention of look-alikes.
 Sense 3 (contestant under false pretenses) doesn't fit - while they are skilled, there's no indication of false pretenses in the competition sense.
 Sense 4 (horseshoes) doesn't fit - this is about church bells, not the game of horseshoes.

 Therefore, the correct sense is index 1.

 Wait, let me double-check the sense keys. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02::
 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01::
 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00::
 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00::

 So the index I should return is 1.

 The output should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: think_of
Target surface form: think of
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers <t>think of</t> the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=think_of%2:31:00:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=remember | examples=Remember the Alamo; Remember to call your mother every day!
2. sense_key=think_of%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration, have in view | synonyms=entertain, toy with, flirt with, think about | examples=He entertained the notion of moving to South America
3. sense_key=think_of%2:31:01:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician
4. sense_key=think_of%2:31:02:: | definition=intend to refer to | synonyms=have in mind, mean | examples=I'm thinking of good food when I talk about France; Yes, I meant you when I complained about people who gossip!
5. sense_key=think_of%2:36:00:: | definition=devise or invent | synonyms=think up, dream up, hatch, concoct | examples=He thought up a plan to get rich quickly; no-one had ever thought of such a clever piece of software
6. sense_key=think_of%2:31:04:: | definition=choose in one's mind | examples=Think of any integer between 1 and 25

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "think_of" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The passage is about church bell ringers
 - "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
 - This means ringers view/consider/regard the church in a particular way - as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=think_of%2:31:00:: | definition=keep in mind for attention or consideration | synonyms=remember
    - This is about remembering, not about viewing something as something else.

 2. sense_key=think_of%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration, have in view | synonyms=entertain, toy with, flirt with, think about
    - This is about considering an idea or possibility, not about viewing something as something.

 3. sense_key=think_of%2:31:01:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=repute, regard as, look upon, look on, esteem, take to be
    - Examples: "she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician"
    - This matches perfectly! The sentence says "ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry" - this is exactly the "regard as" or "look on as" meaning.

 4. sense_key=think_of%2:31:02:: | definition=intend to refer to | synonyms=have in mind, mean
    - This is about referring to something specific, not about viewing something as something else.

 5. sense_key=think_of%2:36:00:: | definition=devise or invent | synonyms=think up, dream up
    - This is about creating/inventing ideas, not applicable here.

 6. sense_key=think_of%2:31:04:: | definition=choose in one's mind
    - This is about selecting something mentally, not applicable.

 The context clearly shows the meaning "regard as" or "consider to be" - the ringers view the church as merely something stuck on the bottom of the belfry (rather than as a place of worship).

 This matches sense 3: "look on as or consider" with synonyms like "regard as", "look upon", "look on", "esteem", "take to be".

 The example "He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician" is structurally identical to "ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

 Therefore, the correct sense index is 3.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: church
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the <t>church</t> as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "church" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell ringing in church towers
 - The specific sentence is: "More often than not, ringers think of the <t>church</t> as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."
 - The context describes ringers being in the tower (belfry), and viewing the church as something below them, separate from their activity
 - It mentions "leaving worship for others below"
 - The contrast is between the tower (where ringers are) and the church building below

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: - "one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship" (Christian church/denomination)
    - This refers to a religious organization/denomination, not a physical building
    - Doesn't fit well with "stuck on the bottom of the belfry" which implies a physical location

 2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: - "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" (church building)
    - Synonyms: church building
    - Examples: "the church was empty"
    - This refers to the physical building
    - Fits well with "stuck on the bottom of the belfry" - the building is physically below the tower
    - The ringers are in the tower, looking down at the church building

 3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: - "a service conducted in a house of worship" (church service)
    - Synonyms: church service
    - Examples: "don't be late for church"
    - This refers to the religious service/event
    - Doesn't fit with "stuck on the bottom" - a service isn't a physical object that can be stuck on the bottom of a belfry

 4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: - "the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church"
    - Examples: "our church is hosting a picnic next week"
    - This refers to the congregation/people
    - Doesn't fit with "stuck on the bottom of the belfry" - people aren't stuck on the bottom of a belfry

 The key phrase is "something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." This clearly indicates a physical structure. The belfry (tower) is on top, and the church building is below it. The ringers are in the tower ringing bells, and they view the church building as just the thing below them, separate from their ringing activity.

 Therefore, sense 2 (church%1:06:00::) - the physical building - is the correct sense.

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=church%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=church%1:06:00::
 3. sense_key=church%1:04:00::
 4. sense_key=church%1:14:01::

 So sense 2 is the building sense.

 The context emphasizes the physical separation between the tower (where ringers work) and the church building below. The phrase "stuck on the bottom" strongly suggests a physical object, not a service, denomination, or group of people.

 Also, the mention of "leaving worship for others below" reinforces that the church here is the place where worship happens (the building), contrasted with the tower where the ringing happens.

 So the answer should be sense_index: 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bottom
Target surface form: bottom
Context:
Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the <t>bottom</t> of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bottom%1:15:00:: | definition=the lower side of anything | synonyms=underside, undersurface
2. sense_key=bottom%1:15:01:: | definition=the lowest part of anything | examples=they started at the bottom of the hill
3. sense_key=bottom%1:08:00:: | definition=the fleshy part of the human body that you sit on | synonyms=buttocks, nates, arse, butt, backside, bum | examples=he deserves a good kick in the butt; are you going to sit on your fanny and do nothing?
4. sense_key=bottom%1:28:00:: | definition=the second half of an inning; while the home team is at bat | synonyms=bottom of the inning
5. sense_key=bottom%1:17:00:: | definition=a depression forming the ground under a body of water | synonyms=bed | examples=he searched for treasure on the ocean bed
6. sense_key=bottom%1:17:01:: | definition=low-lying alluvial land near a river | synonyms=bottomland
7. sense_key=bottom%1:06:00:: | definition=a cargo ship | synonyms=freighter, merchantman, merchant ship | examples=they did much of their overseas trade in foreign bottoms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "bottom" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the <t>bottom</t> of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

The sentence describes ringers in a belfry (bell tower). They think of the church as stuck on the "bottom" of the belfry. The belfry is the tower where bells are rung. The church building is below the belfry/tower. So the church is at the lowest part of the belfry structure, or rather, the belfry is on top of the church, so the church is at the bottom of the belfry (the belfry sits on top of the church).

Wait, let me think about the physical structure. A belfry is typically the upper part of a church tower or a separate tower. Actually, the belfry is the part of the tower where bells hang. The text says "the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." This suggests the belfry is above, and the church is below it. So the church is at the bottom part of the overall structure.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. bottom%1:15:00:: - the lower side of anything | synonyms=underside, undersurface
   - This refers to the underside, like the bottom of a box. But here it's about position in a structure, not the physical underside surface.

2. bottom%1:15:01:: - the lowest part of anything | examples=they started at the bottom of the hill
   - This means the lowest part/section of something. The church is at the lowest part of the belfry structure. This seems to fit well. The belfry is the upper part, the church is at the bottom (lowest part).

3. bottom%1:08:00:: - buttocks. Clearly not relevant.

4. bottom%1:28:00:: - second half of an inning. Not relevant.

5. bottom%1:17:00:: - depression forming ground under water (ocean bed). Not relevant.

6. bottom%1:17:01:: - low-lying alluvial land near a river (bottomland). Not relevant.

7. bottom%1:06:00:: - cargo ship. Not relevant.

So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

Sense 1: "the lower side of anything" - This is about a surface, like the underside. For example, the bottom of a plate = the underside you can't see when it's on the table.

Sense 2: "the lowest part of anything" - This is about a region or section. For example, the bottom of the hill = the lowest part/area of the hill.

In the context: "the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry." The ringers are in the belfry (high up). The church is below. The belfry is above the church. So the church is at the bottom of the belfry structure. This is referring to the lowest part of the belfry (or the structure of which the belfry is the top). Actually, the phrasing is a bit inverted - normally the belfry is on top of the church, but here they say the church is stuck on the bottom of the belfry, meaning from the ringers' perspective high in the tower, the church is down at the bottom.

This aligns with sense 2: "the lowest part of anything." The church is at the lowest part of the belfry (or the tower structure).

Sense 1 would be more like if you turned the belfry upside down and looked at its underside surface. That's not the meaning here.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 2 (index 2).

Wait, let me double-check the exact wording: "stuck on the bottom of the belfry." Could this mean the church is attached to the lower side/underside of the belfry? Like the belfry is a structure and the church hangs from its bottom? Physically, the belfry sits atop the church, so the church is underneath. But "underside" (sense 1) usually means the surface facing downward. If the belfry is a room or chamber, the "bottom" of it could mean the floor, or the lowest part.

Actually, thinking about it more carefully: The belfry is the room where bells are. It's typically at the top of a church tower. The church building is below. From the perspective of someone in the belfry, the church is below them. The phrase "stuck on the bottom of the belfry" is a humorous inversion - normally we think of the belfry as part of the church, but the ringers think of the church as an appendage to the bottom of their belfry.

This is definitely "the lowest part of anything" rather than "the lower side/underside." The church isn't the surface underneath the belfry; it's the structure at the lower end of the overall tower.

So sense_index: 2.

Let me verify the indices:
1. sense_key=bottom%1:15:00::
2. sense_key=bottom%1:15:01::
3. sense_key=bottom%1:08:00::
4. sense_key=bottom%1:28:00::
5. sense_key=bottom%1:17:00::
6. sense_key=bottom%1:17:01::
7. sense_key=bottom%1:06:00::

Yes, the one I want is index 2.

The user wants only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}. So I should return {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: complete
Target surface form: completed
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are <t>completed</t>, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=complete%2:30:02:: | definition=come or bring to a finish or an end | synonyms=finish | examples=He finished the dishes; She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree
2. sense_key=complete%2:30:00:: | definition=bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements | examples=A child would complete the family
3. sense_key=complete%2:41:00:: | definition=complete or carry out | synonyms=dispatch, discharge | examples=discharge one's duties
4. sense_key=complete%2:33:00:: | definition=complete a pass | synonyms=nail
5. sense_key=complete%2:32:00:: | definition=write all the required information onto a form | synonyms=fill out, fill in, make out | examples=fill out this questionnaire, please!; make out a form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "completed" in the given context. The target lemma is "complete" and the surface form is "completed".

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about church bell ringing
- "When their changes are <t>completed</t>, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub..."
- "Changes" here refers to a sequence of bell ringing patterns (change ringing)
- The meaning is that when the ringing sequence is finished/done, the ringers go to the pub

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=complete%2:30:02:: | definition=come or bring to a finish or an end | synonyms=finish | examples=He finished the dishes; She completed the requirements for her Master's Degree
   - This sense means to finish or end something
   - In the context: "when their changes are completed" = when their changes are finished
   - This fits well - the ringing changes are brought to a finish

2. sense_key=complete%2:30:00:: | definition=bring to a whole, with all the necessary parts or elements | examples=A child would complete the family
   - This means to make something whole or add missing parts
   - Doesn't fit here - the changes aren't being made whole, they're being finished

3. sense_key=complete%2:41:00:: | definition=complete or carry out | synonyms=dispatch, discharge | examples=discharge one's duties
   - This means to execute or perform duties
   - Could potentially fit, but "changes" (the bell ringing sequences) are more like tasks that get finished rather than duties being discharged
   - Also, the synonym "finish" in sense 1 is a better match for the context

4. sense_key=complete%2:33:00:: | definition=complete a pass | synonyms=nail
   - This is specific to sports (football/passing)
   - Not relevant to bell ringing

5. sense_key=complete%2:32:00:: | definition=write all the required information onto a form | synonyms=fill out, fill in, make out | examples=fill out this questionnaire, please!; make out a form
   - This is about filling out forms
   - Not relevant here

The best fit is sense 1: "come or bring to a finish or an end". The context describes bell ringing changes being finished, and the ringers leaving after that. The synonym "finish" matches perfectly with "completed" in this context.

The sentence structure "When their changes are completed" indicates a passive construction where the changes are brought to an end/finished.

Therefore, the answer should be sense_index 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: work_up
Target surface form: worked up
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have <t>worked up</t> a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=work_up%2:30:00:: | definition=form or accumulate steadily | synonyms=build up, build, progress | examples=Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly; Pressure is building up at the Indian-Pakistani border
2. sense_key=work_up%2:29:00:: | definition=develop | synonyms=get up | examples=we worked up an as of an appetite
3. sense_key=work_up%2:30:06:: | definition=bolster or strengthen | synonyms=build up, build, ramp up | examples=We worked up courage; build up confidence
4. sense_key=work_up%2:30:03:: | definition=come up with | synonyms=work out | examples=His colleagues worked out his interesting idea; We worked up an ad for our client

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "work_up" with the surface form "worked up" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have <t>worked up</t> a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub..."
 - The context is about bell ringers who, after completing their ringing (changes), have "worked up" a sweat, and then go to the pub.

 Now let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=work_up%2:30:00:: | definition=form or accumulate steadily | synonyms=build up, build, progress | examples=Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly; Pressure is building up at the Indian-Pakistani border
    - This seems to be about things building up or accumulating over time, like resistance or pressure. Not quite right for "worked up a sweat."

 2. sense_key=work_up%2:29:00:: | definition=develop | synonyms=get up | examples=we worked up an as of an appetite
    - This has the example "we worked up an... appetite" which is similar to "worked up a sweat." When you work up an appetite, you develop it through activity. Similarly, working up a sweat means developing/producing a sweat through physical exertion.
    - The synonym "get up" is interesting - you can "get up a sweat" (though less common than "work up a sweat").

 3. sense_key=work_up%2:30:06:: | definition=bolster or strengthen | synonyms=build up, build, ramp up | examples=We worked up courage; build up confidence
    - This is about building up courage or confidence. While "work up courage" is a valid phrase, "work up a sweat" doesn't fit the "bolster or strengthen" meaning as well. You don't strengthen a sweat, you produce/develop it through exertion.

 4. sense_key=work_up%2:30:03:: | definition=come up with | synonyms=work out | examples=His colleagues worked out his interesting idea; We worked up an ad for our client
    - This is about creating or devising something (an idea, an ad). Not applicable to sweat.

 Now, looking at sense 2: "develop" with the example "we worked up an as of an appetite" (probably "we worked up an appetite" or similar).

 Actually, looking at the example more carefully: "we worked up an as of an appetite" - this looks like it might be a typo in the prompt or "as" is part of the text, but likely it means "we worked up an appetite."

 The phrase "work up a sweat" is an idiom meaning to exert oneself physically to the point of sweating. This fits with the "develop" sense - you develop/produce the sweat through physical activity.

 However, let me reconsider sense 1: "form or accumulate steadily" - could sweat be something that forms or accumulates? Maybe, but the example "Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly" suggests abstract things accumulating, not physical sweat from exertion.

 Sense 2 with "develop" seems best. The example "we worked up an appetite" is very similar to "worked up a sweat" - both involve creating/producing/developing a physical state (hunger/sweat) through activity.

 Wait, I should check if there's a specific sense for "work up a sweat" in WordNet. The candidate senses provided are:
 - 2:30:00 (form or accumulate steadily)
 - 2:29:00 (develop)
 - 2:30:06 (bolster or strengthen)
 - 2:30:03 (come up with)

 Sense 2:29:00 has the example about appetite, which is the closest parallel to "worked up a sweat."

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - "work up" can mean to develop or stimulate (like an appetite, a sweat, etc.)
 - The phrase "work up a sweat" specifically means to exert oneself to produce sweat.

 Between sense 1 (build up/accumulate) and sense 2 (develop), sense 2 seems more appropriate because:
 1. The example mentions "worked up an... appetite" which is structurally and semantically parallel to "worked up a sweat"
 2. "Develop" captures the causative aspect - the ringing activity causes the sweat to develop/produce
 3. While sweat does accumulate, the idiom "work up a sweat" is more about the action of producing it through exertion (developing it) rather than just accumulation.

 Also, looking at the synonyms for sense 2: "get up" - you can "get up a sweat" (regional/dialectal, but exists).

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 2 (index 2).

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=work_up%2:30:00::
 2. sense_key=work_up%2:29:00::
 3. sense_key=work_up%2:30:06::
 4. sense_key=work_up%2:30:03::

 So sense 2:29:00 is index 2.

 But let me double-check sense 3: "bolster or strengthen" with example "We worked up courage". Could "worked up a sweat" mean they strengthened a sweat? No, that doesn't make sense. You don't strengthen sweat.

 Sense 4 is about coming up with ideas/ads - clearly wrong.

 Sense 1 is about things building up steadily like resistance or pressure. While sweat might accumulate, the specific idiom "work up a sweat" is better matched by sense 2 (develop).

 Actually, looking at the WordNet entry for "work_up":
 - One sense is "form or accumulate steadily" (as in "Resistance to the manager's plan built up quickly")
 - Another sense is "develop" (as in "we worked up an appetite")
 - Another is "bolster or strengthen" (as in "We worked up courage")

 The phrase "work up a sweat" is definitely closest to "work up an appetite" - both involve physical states developed through exertion.

 So the answer should be index 2.

 But wait, I should verify the exact WordNet senses. In WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
 - work_up, get_up - develop (e.g., "we worked up an appetite")
 - work_up - come up with (e.g., "we worked up an ad")
 - work_up, build_up, build, progress - form or accumulate steadily
 - work_up, build_up, build, ramp_up - bolster or strengthen

 Yes, so "work up an appetite" is under the "develop" sense (get_up).

 Therefore, "worked up a sweat" should be sense 2.

 The JSON output should be: {"sense_index": 2}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sweat
Target surface form: sweat
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a <t>sweat</t>, ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sweat%1:08:00:: | definition=salty fluid secreted by sweat glands | synonyms=perspiration, sudor | examples=sweat poured off his brow
2. sense_key=sweat%1:26:01:: | definition=agitation resulting from active worry | synonyms=fret, stew, lather, swither | examples=don't get in a stew; he's in a sweat about exams
3. sense_key=sweat%1:19:00:: | definition=condensation of moisture on a cold surface | examples=the cold glasses were streaked with sweat
4. sense_key=sweat%1:04:00:: | definition=use of physical or mental energy; hard work | synonyms=effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail | examples=he got an A for effort; they managed only with great exertion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "sweat" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The passage is about church bell ringers
 - "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a <t>sweat</t>, ringers often skip off to the local pub..."
 - The phrase "worked up a sweat" is an idiom meaning to exert oneself physically to the point of perspiring

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=sweat%1:08:00:: | definition=salty fluid secreted by sweat glands | synonyms=perspiration, sudor | examples=sweat poured off his brow
    - This refers to the actual physical liquid (perspiration)
    - "Worked up a sweat" literally means to produce perspiration through physical effort

 2. sense_key=sweat%1:26:01:: | definition=agitation resulting from active worry | synonyms=fret, stew, lather, swither | examples=don't get in a stew; he's in a sweat about exams
    - This refers to anxiety/worry (figurative)
    - Context doesn't suggest worry/anxiety, but physical activity (ringing bells)

 3. sense_key=sweat%1:19:00:: | definition=condensation of moisture on a cold surface | examples=the cold glasses were streaked with sweat
    - This refers to condensation on objects (like a cold glass)
    - Not applicable here

 4. sense_key=sweat%1:04:00:: | definition=use of physical or mental energy; hard work | synonyms=effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail | examples=he got an A for effort; they managed only with great exertion
    - This refers to the effort/work itself
    - While "worked up a sweat" implies effort, the phrase specifically refers to the result (perspiration) rather than the effort itself

 Analysis:
 The phrase "worked up a sweat" is an idiom that literally means to cause oneself to perspire through physical exertion. In this context:
 - Ringers are physically ringing bells (which is physically demanding)
 - They work up a sweat (become sweaty/perspire)
 - Then they go to the pub

 The word "sweat" here refers to the actual perspiration (salty fluid), not the effort itself, nor anxiety, nor condensation.

 However, I need to be careful. In WordNet, sense 1 is the physical secretion (perspiration), while sense 4 is the effort/work.

 The phrase "worked up a sweat" can be interpreted in two ways:
 1. Literal: produced perspiration (sense 1)
 2. Figurative: exerted effort (sense 4)

 But looking at the examples for sense 4: "he got an A for effort; they managed only with great exertion" - these use "effort" and "exertion" as nouns representing the work itself.

 For sense 1: "sweat poured off his brow" - this is the actual liquid.

 In the phrase "worked up a sweat", "sweat" is the direct object. You work up (produce) sweat (perspiration). This is most consistent with sense 1 - the salty fluid.

 Also, the context mentions they skip off to the pub after working up a sweat, implying they are physically hot/sweaty from the exertion, not just that they worked hard.

 Therefore, sense 1 (sweat%1:08:00::) is the best choice.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=sweat%1:08:00::
 2. sense_key=sweat%1:26:01::
 3. sense_key=sweat%1:19:00::
 4. sense_key=sweat%1:04:00::

 So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 But let me reconsider sense 4. Is "worked up a sweat" using "sweat" to mean "effort"?
 - "Elbow grease" is a synonym for sense 4
 - "Work up a sweat" is definitely an idiom about physical exertion
 - But does it refer to the effort or the perspiration?

 In many dictionaries, "work up a sweat" is defined as "to perspire" or "to exert oneself physically." The word "sweat" in this phrase is literally referring to perspiration, even if the phrase as a whole implies effort.

 Moreover, in the context: "after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the local pub" - this suggests they are actually sweaty (covered in perspiration) and go to cool down/clean up at the pub.

 Also, comparing with the examples:
 - Sense 1 example: "sweat poured off his brow" - physical liquid
 - Sense 4 example: "he got an A for effort" - abstract concept of work

 "Worked up a sweat" is closer to the physical liquid meaning, even if it's used in the context of effort.

 Actually, looking at WordNet more carefully:
 - Sense 1: sweat%1:08:00:: (noun.body) - salty fluid secreted by sweat glands
 - Sense 4: sweat%1:04:00:: (noun.act) - use of physical or mental energy; hard work

 The phrase "work up a sweat" is ambiguous, but given that the ringers are physically ringing bells (which is strenuous), and they go to the pub afterwards (possibly to cool down after being sweaty), and the phrase "worked up a" specifically means "produced/generated", it seems to refer to the actual perspiration.

 However, I should check if "sweat" as "effort" can be used with "work up". We say "put in a lot of effort" but "work up a sweat" - the collocation "work up a sweat" specifically produces the bodily secretion.

 I think sense 1 is correct.

 But wait, looking at the synonyms for sense 4: "effort, elbow grease, exertion, travail"
 And for sense 1: "perspiration, sudor"

 "Worked up a sweat" = produced perspiration. This is sense 1.

 Final decision: sense_index 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, <t>ringers</t> often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the target word "ringers" (lemma: ringer) in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bells and ringing
 - Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a passion
 - Mention of "Ringers" being filled with solemn intoxication from intricate ritual
 - Stephanie Pattenden described as "master of the band" and "one of England's best female ringers"
 - Mention of "ringers" skipping off to the pub after completing their changes (bell ringing patterns)
 - References to church, belfry, tower, worship

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
    - This fits perfectly with the context about church bells, belfry, ringing changes, etc.

 2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
    - This doesn't fit at all. No mention of look-alikes or doubles.

 3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
    - This is about impostors in competitions. The context is about church bell ringing, not competitions or fraud.

 4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
    - This is about the game of horseshoes. The context is clearly about church bells and bell ringing.

 The context clearly describes people who ring church bells. They work in towers (belfries), complete "changes" (which refers to change ringing - the art of ringing tuned bells in a mathematical sequence), and the text mentions "tollers" and "bell ringer" as synonyms which align with sense 1.

 Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1.

 Wait, let me check the sense indices carefully. The user wants the "sense_index" in the JSON output. Looking at the format:
 - sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: corresponds to some index
 - sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: corresponds to another
 - sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: corresponds to another
 - sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: corresponds to another

 But the user asks for "sense_index". Looking at the candidate senses, they are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4. But which one corresponds to which?

 Actually, looking carefully:
 - Candidate 1: sense_key=ringer%1:18:02::
 - Candidate 2: sense_key=ringer%1:18:01::
 - Candidate 3: sense_key=ringer%1:18:00::
 - Candidate 4: sense_key=ringer%1:04:00::

 The indices shown (1:18:02, 1:18:01, etc.) are WordNet sense keys, not the candidate list indices.

 But the user asks for "sense_index". Looking at the instruction: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

 This suggests I should return the number of the candidate sense (1, 2, 3, or 4).

 The correct answer is candidate sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)"

 So the output should be: {"sense_index": 1}

 Let me double-check:
 - The text is about bell ringing in churches
 - Mentions "master of the band" (chief ringer)
 - "Changes" refers to change ringing patterns
 - "Belfry", "tower", "church bells" context
 - "Tollers" mentioned as synonym in sense 1

 Yes, definitely sense 1.

 Wait, I need to make sure about the format. The user says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}." So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 But let me reconsider - could it be any other sense?
 - Sense 2 (dead ringer/clone): No, nothing about looking alike.
 - Sense 3 (contestant under false pretenses): No, while they do skip off to the pub and aren't religious, they're not impostors in a competition.
 - Sense 4 (horseshoes): No, definitely not about horseshoes.

 Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

 One final check: The target surface form is "ringers" (plural), and the context uses "ringers" when talking about them skipping off to the pub after working up a sweat from ringing the bells. This confirms they are people who ring bells.

 Final answer: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: often
Target surface form: often
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers <t>often</t> skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "often" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers <t>often</t> skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."
 - The context is about bell ringers who, after completing their ringing, frequently go to the pub instead of staying for worship.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=often%4:02:00:: | definition=many times at short intervals | synonyms=frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes | examples=we often met over a cup of coffee
    - This suggests regularity, happening many times at short intervals.

 2. sense_key=often%4:02:01:: | definition=frequently or in great quantities | synonyms=much, a great deal | examples=I don't drink much; I don't travel much
    - This seems to be about quantity/degree (much), which is different from frequency. The examples show "much" being used for quantity.

 3. sense_key=often%4:02:02:: | definition=in many cases or instances
    - This suggests "in many instances" or "usually" - a generalization about what happens in most cases.

 Looking at the specific usage: "ringers often skip off to the local pub"
 - This is describing a habitual action or general tendency of ringers.
 - It's saying that in many cases/instances, ringers skip off to the pub.
 - It's not necessarily emphasizing "many times at short intervals" (sense 1), though that's close.
 - It's definitely not about "great quantities" (sense 2).

 Let me think about the distinction between sense 1 and sense 3:
 - Sense 1: "many times at short intervals" - emphasizes the frequency of occurrence (how often in time)
 - Sense 3: "in many cases or instances" - emphasizes that something happens in a high percentage of cases (generality)

 In the sentence "ringers often skip off to the local pub", we're talking about what ringers typically do after ringing. It's a generalization about the behavior of ringers in general - in many instances/cases, they go to the pub. This aligns with sense 3.

 However, sense 1 is also plausible because it means "frequently" - they frequently skip off to the pub.

 Let me look at the examples more carefully:
 - Sense 1 example: "we often met over a cup of coffee" - this is about repeated meetings over time.
 - Sense 3: no example given, but "in many cases or instances" suggests a statistical generalization.

 In the context, "ringers often skip off to the local pub" - this is describing a habitual action. Both senses could work, but sense 3 ("in many cases or instances") seems to fit better when talking about the behavior of a group (ringers) in general. It's saying that it is common for ringers to do this, or that in many instances they do this.

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - often%4:02:00:: is the primary sense (frequency)
 - often%4:02:02:: is "in many cases or instances" which is similar to "frequently" but with a slightly different nuance

 Wait, let me reconsider. The phrase "More often than not" appears earlier in the text: "More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry."

 Then later: "ringers often skip off to the local pub"

 "More often than not" is an idiom meaning "usually" or "in most cases". This suggests that sense 3 (in many cases or instances) might be the relevant one.

 But let's look at the specific sentence with the target: "ringers often skip off to the local pub"

 If I substitute the definitions:
 1. "ringers many times at short intervals skip off to the local pub" - a bit awkward
 3. "ringers in many cases or instances skip off to the local pub" - this works well, meaning it is common for them to do so

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet distinctions:
 - Sense 1 is the basic temporal frequency sense
 - Sense 3 is the "in many instances" sense, which is used for generalizations

 In "ringers often skip off to the local pub", we are making a generalization about what ringers do. This fits sense 3.

 But wait, looking at the synonyms:
 - Sense 1: frequently, oftentimes, oft, ofttimes
 - Sense 2: much, a great deal
 - Sense 3: (no synonyms listed, but implied: commonly, usually)

 The word "frequently" appears in both sense 1 and sense 2 definitions, which is confusing.

 Let me reconsider the WordNet senses of "often":

 In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
 - often%4:02:00:: - many times at short intervals; "we often met over a cup of coffee"
 - often%4:02:01:: - frequently or in great quantities; "I don't drink much"; "I don't travel much" (this seems to be the "much" sense)
 - often%4:02:02:: - in many cases or instances

 The distinction between 1 and 3 is subtle. Sense 1 is about temporal frequency (how frequently in time something happens). Sense 3 is about the proportion of cases (in many instances).

 In the sentence "ringers often skip off to the local pub", we could interpret this as:
 - They frequently do this (temporal) - sense 1
 - They do this in many cases (generalization about the group) - sense 3

 However, looking at the context, the phrase "More often than not" appears just before, which corresponds to sense 3 (in many cases, the probability is greater than 50%). This sets up the context for talking about what usually happens or what happens in most instances.

 Also, the sentence is describing a general behavior pattern of ringers as a group, not necessarily the frequency with which an individual ringer goes to the pub (though it could be both).

 Given that "More often than not" (which clearly aligns with sense 3) appears in the immediate context, and the target word is describing a general tendency of the group, sense 3 seems most appropriate.

 But I should double-check. Let me look at the examples again:
 - Sense 1: "we often met over a cup of coffee" - specific repeated meetings
 - Sense 3: no example provided in the prompt

 If I look at typical usage:
 - "Often, people forget to turn off the lights" - this would be sense 3 (in many cases)
 - "I often go to the gym" - this would be sense 1 (many times at short intervals)

 In "ringers often skip off to the local pub", it's similar to "people often forget..." - it's a generalization about the group. So sense 3.

 However, "ringers" here could be interpreted as "the ringers [in this specific instance]" or "ringers [in general]". Given the context is describing a general pattern of behavior (they think of church as stuck on the bottom, they skip to the pub), it's a generalization.

 Therefore, sense 3 is the best choice.

 Wait, I need to be careful. In WordNet, the sense keys are:
 - often%4:02:00::
 - often%4:02:01::
 - often%4:02:02::

 The indices are 1, 2, 3 corresponding to these.

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 3}.

 Let me verify once more. Is there any reason to choose sense 1?
 - "many times at short intervals" - if we interpret this as the ringers frequently going to the pub after ringing, that works too.
 - But the presence of "More often than not" earlier suggests the text is using "often" in the sense of "in many cases" (sense 3).

 Also, looking at the definition of sense 2: "frequently or in great quantities" with synonyms "much, a great deal". This is clearly about degree/quantity, not the temporal frequency or the generalization sense. So sense 2 is out.

 Between 1 and 3:
 - Sense 1 emphasizes the temporal aspect: happening regularly, many times
 - Sense 3 emphasizes the statistical aspect: happening in many cases/instances

 Given the context is about the behavior of ringers as a class of people, and the phrase "More often than not" precedes it, sense 3 is the better fit.

 Final decision: sense_index 3.

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: skip
Target surface form: skip
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often <t>skip</t> off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=skip%2:31:01:: | definition=bypass | synonyms=jump, pass over, skip over | examples=He skipped a row in the text and so the sentence was incomprehensible
2. sense_key=skip%2:42:00:: | definition=intentionally fail to attend | synonyms=cut | examples=cut class
3. sense_key=skip%2:38:00:: | definition=jump lightly | synonyms=hop, hop-skip
4. sense_key=skip%2:38:02:: | definition=leave suddenly | synonyms=decamp, vamoose | examples=She persuaded him to decamp; skip town
5. sense_key=skip%2:38:03:: | definition=bound off one point after another | synonyms=bound off
6. sense_key=skip%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to skip over a surface | synonyms=skim, skitter | examples=Skip a stone across the pond

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "skip" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage is about church bell ringers
- After completing their changes (ringing patterns) and working up a sweat, ringers often "skip off to the local pub"
- This implies they leave/go to the pub
- The phrase "skip off to" suggests leaving quickly or moving lightly to the pub

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=skip%2:31:01:: | definition=bypass | synonyms=jump, pass over, skip over | examples=He skipped a row in the text...
   - This is about skipping over something (like text), not about going somewhere.

2. sense_key=skip%2:42:00:: | definition=intentionally fail to attend | synonyms=cut | examples=cut class
   - This is about skipping/avoiding attendance. While they are leaving church, the specific usage "skip off to the pub" suggests movement, not just avoiding attendance.

3. sense_key=skip%2:38:00:: | definition=jump lightly | synonyms=hop, hop-skip
   - This suggests a physical movement of jumping lightly. "Skip off to the pub" could fit this - moving lightly/quickly to the pub.

4. sense_key=skip%2:38:02:: | definition=leave suddenly | synonyms=decamp, vamoose | examples=She persuaded him to decamp; skip town
   - This means to leave suddenly or depart. "Skip off to the local pub" fits well here - leaving the church/tower to go to the pub.

5. sense_key=skip%2:38:03:: | definition=bound off one point after another | synonyms=bound off
   - This is like a stone skipping on water, bouncing. Not relevant here.

6. sense_key=skip%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to skip over a surface | synonyms=skim, skitter | examples=Skip a stone across the pond
   - This is transitive - causing something to skip. Not relevant.

Between sense 3 (jump lightly) and sense 4 (leave suddenly):
- "Skip off to" is an idiom meaning to go somewhere quickly or casually
- Sense 4 specifically mentions "skip town" which is similar to "skip off to the pub"
- The definition "leave suddenly" with synonyms "decamp, vamoose" fits the context of ringers leaving the church to go to the pub
- However, "skip off" can also imply a light, happy movement (sense 3)

Let me reconsider. The phrase is "skip off to the local pub". This is an intransitive use meaning to go somewhere, often with a connotation of doing so quickly, casually, or with a light step.

Sense 3: "jump lightly" - this could describe the manner of going
Sense 4: "leave suddenly" - this focuses on the departure aspect

Looking at the examples for sense 4: "She persuaded him to decamp; skip town" - "skip town" means to leave town suddenly/secretly.

But "skip off to the pub" is more about going to the pub (destination) rather than just leaving. However, in the context, they are leaving the church/worship to go to the pub.

Actually, looking more carefully at the context: "When their changes are completed... ringers often skip off to the local pub, leaving worship for others below."

This suggests they are departing from the church tower to go to the pub.

Sense 4 (leave suddenly) seems to fit best because:
1. It captures the departure from the church
2. "Skip town" is similar to "skip off" in terms of leaving a place
3. The synonyms "decamp, vamoose" fit the context of leaving the church to go to the pub

However, sense 3 (jump lightly) could also fit because "skip" can mean to move with a light step or gait, and "skip off" often implies moving away with a light heart or step.

But looking at the specific gloss for sense 4: "leave suddenly" - this seems to match "skip off" which is an idiom for leaving quickly or departing.

Wait, let me check WordNet more carefully. In WordNet:
- skip%2:38:00:: is "jump lightly"
- skip%2:38:02:: is "leave suddenly" (as in skip town)

The phrase "skip off to" is closer to "leave" (sense 4) than just "jump lightly" (sense 3), though both involve movement. But "skip off" specifically means to depart quickly or casually.

Actually, looking at the examples again:
- Sense 4 example: "skip town" - this is about leaving a place
- The context: "ringers often skip off to the local pub" - they are leaving the church/belfry to go to the pub

I think sense 4 is the best fit.

But wait, I should also consider if this could be sense 2 (intentionally fail to attend). They are skipping worship/leaving worship for others. But the specific usage is "skip off to the pub" which emphasizes the movement to the pub, not just the absence from worship.

Between sense 3 and 4:
- Sense 3 is about the physical action of hopping/jumping
- Sense 4 is about leaving/departing

"Skip off to" is an idiomatic expression meaning to go somewhere quickly or in a carefree manner. In WordNet terms, this aligns more with sense 4 (leave suddenly) because it involves leaving one place to go to another.

However, I want to double-check. Could it be sense 3? "Jump lightly" - if they are skipping off (hopping away) to the pub?

Actually, looking at standard dictionary definitions:
- "Skip off" often means to leave quickly or secretly, or to depart in a light manner.

Given the options:
- Sense 4: "leave suddenly" - synonyms: decamp, vamoose
- This matches the idea of leaving the church to go to the pub

I think the answer is sense 4 (index 4).

Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=skip%2:31:01::
2. sense_key=skip%2:42:00::
3. sense_key=skip%2:38:00::
4. sense_key=skip%2:38:02::
5. sense_key=skip%2:38:03::
6. sense_key=skip%2:35:00::

So sense 4 in the list corresponds to skip%2:38:02:: (leave suddenly).

But let me reconsider sense 3 (skip%2:38:00:: - jump lightly). Could "skip off" be using the "hop" meaning?

"Skip off to" can mean to go in a skipping manner (like a gait), but more commonly it means to depart quickly.

Given the context of ringers leaving the church after work to go to the pub, and the contrast with "solemn intoxication" and "intricate ritual", the casual departure to the pub suggests sense 4 (leave suddenly/decamp).

Also, the phrase "skip town" is parallel to "skip off to the pub" - both involve leaving a location.

Therefore, I choose sense index 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however. More often than not, ringers think of the church as something stuck on the bottom of the belfry. When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the <t>local</t> pub, leaving worship for others below. This does not sit well with some clerics.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "local" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "When their changes are completed, and after they have worked up a sweat, ringers often skip off to the <t>local</t> pub, leaving worship for others below."
 - The context is about church bell ringers going to a pub after ringing.
 - "Local pub" refers to a pub that is nearby, in the neighborhood, or characteristic of that particular area/community.

 Candidate senses:
 1. local%3:00:01:: - relating to administration of a city/town/district (e.g., local taxes, local authorities)
 2. local%3:01:01:: - of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood (e.g., local customs, local schools)
 3. local%3:00:02:: - affecting only a restricted part of the body (medical sense, e.g., local anesthesia)

 Analysis:
 - Sense 3 is clearly wrong - this is not about medical anesthesia.
 - Sense 1 is about administrative/governmental contexts (local government, local taxes). While a pub is in a locality, "local pub" in this context doesn't mean "administrative" or "municipal" pub.
 - Sense 2 fits best. "Local pub" means a pub in the neighborhood, nearby, characteristic of that particular locality. It refers to the immediate geographic area around the church/belfry.

 The phrase "local pub" typically means a pub in the vicinity, in the neighborhood - which matches sense 2: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood."

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 2 (local%3:01:01::).

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=local%3:00:01::
 2. sense_key=local%3:01:01::
 3. sense_key=local%3:00:02::

 So sense_index should be 2.

 Let me double-check:
 - Sense 1: administrative (local government)
 - Sense 2: neighborhood/locality (local pub, local shop)
 - Sense 3: medical (local anesthetic)

 Yes, "local pub" = a pub in the neighborhood/locality = sense 2.

 The JSON should be: {"sense_index": 2}