[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proceed
Target surface form: proceeded
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education <t>proceeded</t> at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proceed%2:32:00:: | definition=continue talking;  he continued, | synonyms=continue, go on, carry on | examples=I know it's hard,; but there is no choice
2. sense_key=proceed%2:38:00:: | definition=move ahead; travel onward in time or space | synonyms=go forward, continue | examples=We proceeded towards Washington; She continued in the direction of the hills
3. sense_key=proceed%2:41:00:: | definition=follow a procedure or take a course | synonyms=go, move | examples=We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble
4. sense_key=proceed%2:30:00:: | definition=follow a certain course | synonyms=go | examples=The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?
5. sense_key=proceed%2:42:00:: | definition=continue a certain state, condition, or activity | synonyms=continue, go on, go along, keep | examples=Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "proceeded" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
"But it is unfair to dump on teachers... But our education <t>proceeded</t> at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious."

The sentence is talking about how education continued or was carried out by ordinary teachers. The phrase "proceeded at the hands of" suggests that the education continued or was conducted by these teachers.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. proceed%2:32:00:: - continue talking (he continued, I know it's hard). This is about speech/verbal continuation. Not relevant here.

2. proceed%2:38:00:: - move ahead; travel onward in time or space (We proceeded towards Washington). This is physical movement or progression in space/time. Could potentially fit, but "education proceeded" isn't really about physical movement.

3. proceed%2:41:00:: - follow a procedure or take a course (We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble). This is about following a course of action or procedure.

4. proceed%2:30:00:: - follow a certain course (The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?). This is about events unfolding or going in a certain way.

5. proceed%2:42:00:: - continue a certain state, condition, or activity (Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night). This is about continuing an activity or state.

Now, looking at the specific usage: "our education proceeded at the hands of those others"

This means that the education continued or was carried out by those other teachers. It's about the continuation of the educational process.

Sense 5 (continue a certain state, condition, or activity) seems closest because it's about continuing an activity (education). The synonyms include continue, go on, go along, keep.

However, sense 4 (follow a certain course) could also fit because it's about how the education went/course.

Sense 2 (move ahead; travel onward) could metaphorically fit as education progressing forward.

But let's look more carefully. The phrase "proceeded at the hands of" suggests that the education was conducted or carried out by someone. This is similar to "continue" or "go on" - the education continued/go on at the hands of...

Sense 5: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" - examples: "Keep on working!", "We continued to work into the night". This fits well with education continuing.

Sense 4: "follow a certain course" - examples: "The inauguration went well", "how did your interview go?" - this is more about how something went (success/failure), not necessarily about continuation by someone.

Sense 3: "follow a procedure or take a course" - examples: "We should go farther in this matter", "She went through a lot of trouble" - this is about undertaking or going through something.

Actually, looking at the context again: "our education proceeded at the hands of those others" - this is saying that the education was carried out by those teachers. It's about the process of education continuing or being conducted.

Between sense 4 and 5:
- Sense 4 is about events unfolding (how did it go?)
- Sense 5 is about continuing an activity

The context emphasizes that while we remember inspiring teachers, the bulk of our education was continued/conducted by ordinary teachers. So "continue" seems most appropriate.

But wait, let me check the WordNet definitions more carefully.

Sense 5 (proceed%2:42:00::): "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" - synonyms: continue, go on, go along, keep
Sense 4 (proceed%2:30:00::): "follow a certain course" - synonyms: go
Sense 2 (proceed%2:38:00::): "move ahead; travel onward in time or space" - synonyms: go forward, continue

Sense 2 includes "continue" as a synonym and mentions "travel onward in time" which could fit education proceeding through time.

But the key phrase is "at the hands of" which indicates agency - the teachers are the ones conducting the education.

Let me look at sense 3 again: "follow a procedure or take a course" - examples: "We should go farther in this matter", "She went through a lot of trouble". This seems like it could fit "education proceeded" as in education followed its course.

Actually, looking at the examples for sense 5: "Keep on working!", "We continued to work into the night" - these are about continuing to do something.

The sentence is saying that education continued (was ongoing) at the hands of ordinary teachers.

I think sense 5 is the best fit because it captures the idea of education continuing as an activity, despite not having the most inspiring teachers.

But let me reconsider sense 4: "follow a certain course" - "The inauguration went well". This is about how an event progressed/unfolded.

Sense 2: "move ahead; travel onward in time or space" - "We proceeded towards Washington".

In the sentence "our education proceeded at the hands of those others", the word "proceeded" means something like "was carried on" or "continued".

Looking at typical usage:
- "The meeting proceeded as planned" (sense 4 or 3?)
- "We proceeded with the work" (sense 5?)

Actually, looking at the gloss for sense 3: "follow a procedure or take a course" - this is often used with legal or formal procedures (legal proceedings).

Sense 5 seems to be the most general "continue" sense.

But I should look at the actual WordNet entries to be sure. Since I can't browse the internet, I need to rely on the provided definitions.

The context suggests that education continued or was carried out by ordinary teachers. The emphasis is on continuation of the educational process despite not having inspiring teachers for the most part.

Sense 5: "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" - this matches "education continued/kept going".

Sense 2 also has "continue" as a synonym and mentions "travel onward in time", which could apply to education progressing through time.

However, sense 2 examples are "We proceeded towards Washington" (physical movement) and "She continued in the direction of the hills" (physical direction).

Sense 5 examples: "Keep on working!" (activity), "We continued to work into the night" (activity).

Education is an activity, so sense 5 seems better.

Sense 4: "follow a certain course" - examples about events going well.

Sense 3: "follow a procedure or take a course" - examples about going through trouble or going farther in a matter.

I think sense 5 is the correct choice.

Wait, I should also consider if it could be sense 1 (continue talking). No, clearly not.

So it's between 2, 3, 4, and 5.

The phrase "at the hands of" suggests that the education was conducted/performed by someone. This is closer to "continue an activity" (sense 5) than "move in space" (sense 2) or "follow a course" (sense 4).

Also, the contrast is between inspiring teachers and ordinary teachers who merely continued the education. The author is saying education continued (went on) thanks to these ordinary teachers.

Therefore, sense 5 (proceed%2:42:00::) seems the best fit.

But let me double-check sense 4. "Follow a certain course" - could education follow a course? Yes. "How did your interview go?" - this is about the progression of an event.

However, sense 5 specifically mentions "continue a certain state, condition, or activity" and lists "continue, go on, go along, keep" as synonyms. The word "proceeded" in the context is synonymous with "continued" or "went on".

The sentence could be rewritten as: "But our education continued at the hands of those others..."

This strongly points to sense 5.

Actually, looking at the definition of sense 2 again: "move ahead; travel onward in time or space". The "in time" part could apply: education moved ahead in time at the hands of those teachers.

But sense 5 is more specifically about continuing activities, which education is.

I think I'll go with sense 5.

Wait, I need to be careful. In WordNet, the sense keys are specific. Let me reconsider if there are any subtle differences.

Sense 5: proceed%2:42:00:: - "continue a certain state, condition, or activity"
Sense 4: proceed%2:30:00:: - "follow a certain course"
Sense 3: proceed%2:41:00:: - "follow a procedure or take a course"
Sense 2: proceed%2:38:00:: - "move ahead; travel onward in time or space"

The verb "proceed" in "our education proceeded" is intransitive.

If I look at similar constructions:
- "The work proceeded slowly" - this would likely be sense 5 (activity continuing) or sense 4 (following a course).
- "Let's proceed with the lesson" - this might be sense 3 (follow a procedure) or sense 5.

But given the context emphasizes that education continued (went on) despite not having the best teachers, and the synonym "continue" is most prominent in sense 5, I believe sense 5 is correct.

However, I recall that in WordNet, sense 2 (proceed%2:38:00::) is often used for metaphorical movement forward, like "proceed with the investigation" or "proceed with the plan".

Let me reconsider the examples provided:
- Sense 2: "We proceeded towards Washington; She continued in the direction of the hills"
- Sense 5: "Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night"

The context: "our education proceeded at the hands of those others"

This is not about physical direction (like Washington or hills), so sense 2 seems less likely.

Between sense 3, 4, and 5:
- Sense 3 examples: "We should go farther in this matter; She went through a lot of trouble" - implies going through a process or experience
- Sense 4 examples: "The inauguration went well; how did your interview go?" - implies unfolding of an event
- Sense 5 examples: "Keep on working!; We continued to work into the night" - implies continuation of action

Education is an ongoing process/activity that continues over time. The sentence is saying that the education continued (was carried on) by ordinary teachers.

Therefore, sense 5.

One final check: could it be sense 3? "Follow a procedure or take a course" - education could be seen as a course or procedure. "She went through a lot of trouble" - "go through" is similar to "proceed through"?

But "proceed at the hands of" is not the same as "proceed through". "At the hands of" indicates the agent performing the action.

If education is the subject, and it proceeded (continued/went on) at the hands of teachers, then sense 5 (continue an activity) is best.

Final decision: sense_index: 5


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: competent
Target surface form: competent
Context:
But it is unfair to dump on teachers, as distinct from the educational establishment. I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely <t>competent</t> and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=competent%3:00:00:: | definition=properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient | examples=a competent typist
2. sense_key=competent%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=adequate for the purpose | examples=a competent performance
3. sense_key=competent%3:00:02:: | definition=legally qualified or sufficient | examples=a competent court; competent testimony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "competent" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses teachers who are not necessarily "best and brightest" but are "merely competent and conscientious"
 - It contrasts inspiring teachers with those who are merely competent
 - The phrase "merely competent" suggests adequate but not exceptional
 - It mentions they don't need to be among the best to do their jobs well
 - The comparison to a family doctor suggests someone who is capable and qualified but not necessarily exceptional

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=competent%3:00:00:: | definition=properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient | examples=a competent typist
    - This suggests having the necessary skills/qualifications to do something properly

 2. sense_key=competent%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=adequate for the purpose | examples=a competent performance
    - This suggests being adequate/sufficient for the purpose, not exceptional

 3. sense_key=competent%3:00:02:: | definition=legally qualified or sufficient | examples=a competent court; competent testimony
    - This is specifically about legal contexts, which doesn't fit here

 The context emphasizes that teachers don't need to be exceptional ("best and brightest") to do their jobs well. The word "merely" before competent suggests a contrast with "inspiring" or exceptional teachers.

 Looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1: "a competent typist" - someone who can type properly
 - Sense 2: "a competent performance" - adequate but not outstanding

 The phrase "merely competent" in the context suggests "adequate for the purpose" rather than "properly or sufficiently qualified." The author is saying that while we remember inspiring teachers, most of our education came from those who were just adequate/competent enough to teach effectively without being exceptional.

 However, looking more carefully:
 - Sense 1 (3:00:00) is the primary sense: properly or sufficiently qualified or capable
 - Sense 2 (5:00:00:adequate:00) is marked as an adjective satellite (5 indicates satellite) and specifically means "adequate for the purpose"
 - Sense 3 (3:00:02) is the legal sense

 In WordNet, sense 1 (3:00:00) is usually the most common/general sense. But let's look at the specific context.

 The text says: "our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious."

 The word "merely" suggests something that is sufficient but not outstanding. This aligns well with sense 2: "adequate for the purpose."

 However, sense 1 "properly or sufficiently qualified or capable" also fits. The teachers are sufficiently qualified to do their jobs well, even if not exceptional.

 But looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1: "a competent typist" - implies someone who can type well enough
 - Sense 2: "a competent performance" - implies a performance that is adequate but not great

 The context specifically contrasts "truly inspiring" with "merely competent." This contrast between exceptional and adequate/acceptable aligns better with sense 2 (adequate for the purpose).

 Also, the phrase "they need not be [among the best and brightest] to do their jobs well" suggests that being competent (adequate/capable) is sufficient.

 Wait, let me reconsider the WordNet sense keys. In WordNet:
 - 3:00:00 is usually the first/main adjective sense
 - 5:00:00 indicates a satellite adjective (marked with similar to)
 - 3:00:02 is another adjective sense

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
 - competent%3:00:00:: = having the necessary ability or knowledge to do something successfully
 - competent%5:00:00:adequate:00 = adequate for the purpose (satellite of adequate)
 - competent%3:00:02:: = legally qualified

 In the context, the author is saying that teachers don't need to be exceptional, just competent (adequate) and conscientious. The word "merely" emphasizes that they are sufficient but not exceptional.

 However, looking at the actual WordNet definitions:
 - Sense 1: properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient
 - Sense 2: adequate for the purpose
 - Sense 3: legally qualified

 The context is about teachers being capable of doing their job well without being exceptional. Both sense 1 and 2 seem possible, but sense 2 ("adequate for the purpose") captures the "merely" aspect better - they are adequate/sufficient for teaching even if not inspiring.

 But wait, looking at the example for sense 2: "a competent performance" - this is exactly the kind of usage where competent means adequate but not outstanding, which matches "merely competent" in the text.

 The example for sense 1 is "a competent typist" which suggests someone who is skilled at typing.

 Given the contrast with "best and brightest" and "truly inspiring," and the use of "merely," sense 2 seems most appropriate.

 However, I should check if there's any reason to prefer sense 1. The text says "they need not be [among the best and brightest] to do their jobs well." This suggests they need to be capable/qualified (sense 1) but not necessarily exceptional.

 But the phrase "merely competent" is a common collocation that typically means "adequate but not exceptional," which aligns with sense 2.

 Let me verify the WordNet sense indices. Usually:
 - competent%3:00:00:: is the first sense (most common)
 - competent%5:00:00:adequate:00 is the satellite sense
 - competent%3:00:02:: is the legal sense

 In many WSD datasets, "competent" when contrasted with "inspiring" or "exceptional" tends to map to the "adequate" sense.

 Actually, looking carefully at the sense keys provided:
 1. competent%3:00:00::
 2. competent%5:00:00:adequate:00
 3. competent%3:00:02::

 The user wants me to return {"sense_index": N} where N is 1, 2, or 3.

 Given the context emphasizes adequacy ("adequate for the purpose") rather than legal qualification or general capability, and given the contrast with "inspiring," I believe sense 2 is the best choice.

 Wait, I need to be careful. In WordNet, the "adequate for the purpose" sense is indeed distinct from the general "properly qualified" sense. The example "a competent performance" strongly suggests the "adequate" meaning.

 The text says teachers are "merely competent and conscientious" - this pairs competence with conscientiousness as qualities that are sufficient for the job without requiring genius.

 I think sense 2 is the correct answer.

 But let me double-check: could sense 1 be correct? "Properly or sufficiently qualified" - yes, they are sufficiently qualified. But the word "merely" pushes it toward the "adequate" meaning.

 In many lexical resources, "competent" when used with "merely" or "only" to indicate sufficiency but not excellence maps to the "adequate" satellite sense.

 Therefore, I choose sense index 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sense
Target surface form: sense
Context:
I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this <t>sense</t>, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sense%1:09:05:: | definition=a general conscious awareness | examples=a sense of security; a sense of happiness
2. sense_key=sense%1:10:00:: | definition=the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted | synonyms=signified | examples=the dictionary gave several senses for the word; in the best sense charity is really a duty
3. sense_key=sense%1:09:02:: | definition=the faculty through which the external world is apprehended | synonyms=sensation, sentience, sentiency, sensory faculty | examples=in the dark he had to depend on touch and on his senses of smell and hearing
4. sense_key=sense%1:09:04:: | definition=sound practical judgment | synonyms=common sense, good sense, gumption, horse sense, mother wit | examples=Common sense is not so common; he hasn't got the sense God gave little green apples
5. sense_key=sense%1:09:06:: | definition=a natural appreciation or ability | examples=a keen musical sense; a good sense of timing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "sense" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 The sentence is: "In this <t>sense</t>, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor."
 The preceding context discusses how teachers don't need to be "best and brightest" but merely competent and conscientious to do their jobs well. The author is drawing a comparison between teachers and family doctors - both don't need to be brilliant, just competent.

 The phrase "In this sense" is a common idiomatic expression meaning "in this meaning" or "in this interpretation" or "understood in this way." It's referring to the particular meaning or interpretation of the comparison being made.

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=sense%1:09:05:: | definition=a general conscious awareness | examples=a sense of security; a sense of happiness
 - This refers to feelings like "a sense of pride", "a sense of danger". Not the right meaning here.

 2. sense_key=sense%1:10:00:: | definition=the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted | synonyms=signified | examples=the dictionary gave several senses for the word; in the best sense charity is really a duty
 - This refers to the meaning or interpretation of something. The phrase "in this sense" fits here - it means "in this meaning" or "in this interpretation/understanding". The example "in the best sense charity is really a duty" shows the usage pattern "in the X sense".

 3. sense_key=sense%1:09:02:: | definition=the faculty through which the external world is apprehended | synonyms=sensation, sentience, sentiency, sensory faculty | examples=in the dark he had to depend on touch and on his senses of smell and hearing
 - This refers to the five senses (sight, hearing, etc.). Not applicable here.

 4. sense_key=sense%1:09:04:: | definition=sound practical judgment | synonyms=common sense, good sense, gumption, horse sense, mother wit | examples=Common sense is not so common; he hasn't got the sense God gave little green apples
 - This refers to common sense or wisdom. Not the right meaning.

 5. sense_key=sense%1:09:06:: | definition=a natural appreciation or ability | examples=a keen musical sense; a good sense of timing
 - This refers to having a sense for something (like rhythm, humor). Not applicable.

 The phrase "in this sense" is a fixed expression that corresponds to sense 2: "the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted."

 The context is saying: "When understood in this way/interpreted in this manner, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor."

 Therefore, the correct sense is index 2.

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=sense%1:09:05::
 2. sense_key=sense%1:10:00::
 3. sense_key=sense%1:09:02::
 4. sense_key=sense%1:09:04::
 5. sense_key=sense%1:09:06::

 So index 2 corresponds to sense%1:10:00::.

 Yes, "in this sense" = "in this meaning/interpretation" matches definition 2.

 The answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teacher
Context:
I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a <t>teacher</t> can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "teacher" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses schoolteachers, teaching, and compares teachers to family doctors
 - It mentions "I know many schoolteachers"
 - It talks about "truly inspiring teachers from our school days"
 - It mentions "our education proceeded at the hands of those others"
 - The comparison is between a teacher and a family doctor (a professional occupation)

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
    - This refers to a human being who teaches as a profession/occupation
    - Fits the context of schoolteachers, family doctors (also an occupation), and people who teach in schools

 2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher
    - This refers to abstract concepts personified as teachers (like books, experience)
    - The examples show non-human entities being called teachers
    - The context clearly talks about human schoolteachers and family doctors (human professionals)

 The context is clearly talking about human beings who work as teachers (schoolteachers), comparing them to family doctors (another human profession). It's not talking about abstract concepts like "experience" or "books" being teachers.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be <t>compared</t> to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "compared" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses schoolteachers and family doctors
 - It says "a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor"
 - The comparison is about how both don't need to be "brilliant" or "best and brightest" to do their jobs well
 - It's drawing an analogy between teachers and family doctors

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
    - This seems to be about examining similarities/differences in a more analytical way
    - The example "compared his haircut to his friend's" suggests looking at both side by side to see differences/similarities

 2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
    - This is intransitive usage ("does not compare with")
    - The target is "compared to" which is different structure

 3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
    - This involves likening one thing to another
    - The example "compare the Han dynasty to the Romans" is exactly the structure we have: "compare X to Y"
    - The context is about drawing an analogy between teachers and family doctors
    - The synonyms include "liken" which fits perfectly ("a teacher can be likened to one's family doctor")

 4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb
    - This is grammatical comparison (comparative/superlative forms)
    - Not relevant here

 The context uses "compared to" to draw an analogy between teachers and family doctors. The author is saying teachers are analogous to family doctors in that neither needs to be brilliant to be effective.

 Sense 3 is the best fit because:
 - It means "consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous"
 - It has the synonym "liken"
 - The example "We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans" matches the structure and meaning
 - The context is about analogizing/metaphorically equating two things

 Sense 1 is about examining similarities and differences, which is more analytical. Sense 3 is about describing one thing as being similar/analogous to another, which fits the rhetorical move in the text better.

 The answer should be sense_index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: one
Context:
I know many schoolteachers and, on the whole, they are seriously committed to conscientious teaching. They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to <t>one</t>'s family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the target word "one" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "In this sense, a teacher can be compared to <t>one</t>'s family doctor."
 - The target word is "one" in the phrase "one's family doctor"
 - This is a possessive construction: "one's" = "one" + "'s"

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: - This is the number sense (the numeral 1, unity, etc.)
 2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: - This is the indefinite pronoun sense (a single person or thing, "he is the best one")

 In the phrase "one's family doctor", "one" is being used as an indefinite pronoun meaning "a person" or "someone" in general. It's the generic "one" as in "one should always be careful" or "one's duty".

 Wait, looking at the WordNet senses provided:
 - Sense 1: the number/numeral sense
 - Sense 2: "a single person or thing" - examples: "he is the best one", "this is the one I ordered"

 But "one" in "one's family doctor" is actually the impersonal/indefinite pronoun "one" (meaning "a person", "anyone", "people in general").

 However, looking at the provided candidate senses, I only see:
 1. one%1:23:00:: (number)
 2. one%1:09:00:: (single person or thing)

 The impersonal pronoun "one" (as in "one's family doctor" = "a person's family doctor") might be sense 2 or might not be listed. But given the options, sense 2 ("a single person or thing") seems closer to the impersonal pronoun usage than the number sense.

 Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet:
 - one%1:09:00:: is likely the sense for "one" as a pronoun referring to a single person/thing.
 - But "one" as an impersonal pronoun (meaning "people in general") might be a different sense.

 However, in the phrase "one's family doctor", "one" is functioning as a possessive determiner/pronoun referring to an unspecified person (generic "one").

 Between the two options:
 - Option 1 (number): Doesn't fit. We're not talking about the number 1.
 - Option 2 (single person or thing): This could apply to the impersonal "one" - it refers to a single person (indefinite).

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet:
 - one%1:09:00:: is "a single person or thing" - this includes the usage as a pronoun substituting for a noun.
 - The impersonal "one" (as in "one's duty") is often sense one%1:09:00:: or might be separate.

 But given the context: "compared to one's family doctor" - this means "compared to a person's family doctor" or "compared to your family doctor" (in the generic sense).

 The phrase "one's" here indicates possession by an indefinite person.

 Sense 2 says "a single person or thing" with examples like "he is the best one". This seems to be the pronominal sense.

 Sense 1 is clearly the numeral.

 So the answer should be sense 2 (index 2).

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=one%1:23:00::
 2. sense_key=one%1:09:00::

 So index 2 is the "single person or thing" sense.

 In the context "one's family doctor", "one" is being used as an indefinite pronoun (impersonal "one"). This is distinct from the numeral "one".

 While WordNet might have a specific sense for the impersonal pronoun, given the choices:
 - Sense 1: Number/numeral - clearly wrong
 - Sense 2: Single person or thing - this is the only pronominal option given

 Therefore, the answer is sense_index: 2.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet entry for "one":
 - Sense 1: the smallest whole number... (1:23:00::)
 - Sense 2: a single person or thing (1:09:00::)

 The impersonal pronoun "one" (as in "one must do one's duty") is typically sense 2 in WordNet 3.0/3.1, or sometimes considered part of sense 2.

 Yes, "one" as an indefinite pronoun falls under "a single person or thing" (sense 2) rather than the number sense.

 So the answer is {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brilliant
Target surface form: brilliant
Context:
They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were <t>brilliant</t>, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:superior:02 | definition=of surpassing excellence | synonyms=superb | examples=a brilliant performance; a superb actor
2. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:intelligent:00 | definition=having or marked by unusual and impressive intelligence | synonyms=brainy, smart as a whip | examples=some men dislike brainy women; a brilliant mind
3. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:impressive:00 | definition=characterized by grandeur | synonyms=glorious, magnificent, splendid | examples=the brilliant court life at Versailles; a glorious work of art
4. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:colorful:00 | definition=having striking color | synonyms=bright, vivid | examples=bright dress; brilliant tapestries
5. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:bright:00 | definition=full of light; shining intensely | examples=a brilliant star; brilliant chandeliers
6. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:reverberant:00 | definition=clear and sharp and ringing | synonyms=bright | examples=the bright sound of the trumpet section; the brilliant sound of the trumpets

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "brilliant" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage compares teachers to family doctors.
- It says: "If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place."
- The contrast is between being "brilliant" and being merely "competent and conscientious."
- The author is suggesting that family doctors (and by analogy, teachers) don't need to be exceptional/genius-level; they just need to be competent.
- The word "brilliant" here refers to exceptional intellectual ability or talent - if the doctor were exceptionally intelligent/talented, he would likely be in a more prestigious/specialized field rather than being a family doctor.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:superior:02 | definition=of surpassing excellence | synonyms=superb | examples=a brilliant performance; a superb actor
   - This could fit somewhat, but "superior" in a general sense might not capture the intellectual connotation.

2. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:intelligent:00 | definition=having or marked by unusual and impressive intelligence | synonyms=brainy, smart as a whip | examples=some men dislike brainy women; a brilliant mind
   - This seems very fitting. The context is about being intellectually exceptional ("best and brightest" is mentioned earlier in the text). If the doctor were unusually intelligent/impressive mentally, he wouldn't be a family doctor. This aligns with "brainy" and "a brilliant mind."

3. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:impressive:00 | definition=characterized by grandeur | synonyms=glorious, magnificent, splendid | examples=the brilliant court life at Versailles; a glorious work of art
   - This is about grandeur/splendor, not really fitting for a doctor's intellectual capability.

4. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:colorful:00 | definition=having striking color | synonyms=bright, vivid
   - Not relevant.

5. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:bright:00 | definition=full of light; shining intensely
   - Literal light, not relevant.

6. sense_key=brilliant%5:00:00:reverberant:00 | definition=clear and sharp and ringing
   - Sound, not relevant.

Between sense 1 and sense 2:
- The text earlier mentions "best and brightest" which clearly signals intelligence.
- The contrast is between being intellectually gifted vs. merely competent.
- "If he were brilliant" parallels the earlier "best and brightest" - this is about intelligence, not just general excellence.
- While sense 1 (superior) could work, sense 2 (intelligent) is more precise because the context is about intellectual capacity (comparing to "best and brightest", and the implication that brilliant people would pursue more intellectually demanding specialties).

Wait, let me reconsider. Is it about intelligence specifically, or about being exceptional/superior in general?

The passage starts with "best and brightest" - this idiom refers to the most intelligent and talented people. Then it says "But they need not be to do their jobs well." It talks about teachers being merely competent. Then the analogy to family doctors: "If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place."

The implication is that if someone is exceptionally intelligent/talented (brilliant), they would be a specialist, researcher, or in a more "prestigious" field than family medicine. This strongly suggests intellectual brilliance.

Also, the examples for sense 2 include "a brilliant mind" which is exactly the kind of noun that would fit here (referring to the doctor's mind/intellect).

Sense 1's examples are "a brilliant performance; a superb actor" - this is about performance quality. While a doctor could give a brilliant performance, the context here is about the person's inherent capability/intelligence, not a specific performance.

Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.

The user wants only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. So I should return {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: probably
Target surface form: probably
Context:
They may not be among the "best and brightest "of their generation -- there are very few such people, by definition. But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he <t>probably</t> would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=probably%4:02:00:: | definition=with considerable certainty; without much doubt | synonyms=likely, in all likelihood, in all probability, belike | examples=He is probably out of the country; in all likelihood we are headed for war
2. sense_key=probably%4:02:01:: | definition=easy to believe on the basis of available evidence | synonyms=credibly, believably, plausibly | examples=he talked plausibly before the committee; he will probably win the election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "probably" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place."

 The sentence is expressing a high degree of certainty about a counterfactual situation: if the doctor were brilliant, then with considerable certainty he would not be a family doctor.

 Now let me look at the two candidate senses:

 Sense 1: sense_key=probably%4:02:00::
 - definition: with considerable certainty; without much doubt
 - synonyms: likely, in all likelihood, in all probability, belike
 - examples: He is probably out of the country; in all likelihood we are headed for war

 Sense 2: sense_key=probably%4:02:01::
 - definition: easy to believe on the basis of available evidence
 - synonyms: credibly, believably, plausibly
 - examples: he talked plausibly before the committee; he will probably win the election

 In the context "If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place", the word "probably" is being used to indicate likelihood or probability - expressing that it is highly likely that a brilliant person would not choose to be a family doctor (or would have moved on to more prestigious specialties).

 This aligns with Sense 1: "with considerable certainty; without much doubt" - indicating a high probability.

 Sense 2 focuses on credibility or believability ("easy to believe on the basis of available evidence"), which doesn't fit as well here. The sentence isn't saying "it is believable that he would not be a family doctor" but rather "it is highly likely that he would not be a family doctor."

 The example for Sense 2 "he will probably win the election" actually seems similar to Sense 1, but the definition and synonyms (credibly, believably, plausibly) suggest a different nuance - one of credibility/plausibility rather than probability.

 Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet's organization:
 - Sense 1 (probably%4:02:00::) corresponds to the adverb sense meaning "with considerable certainty"
 - Sense 2 (probably%4:02:01::) corresponds to the adverb sense meaning "in a believable manner" or "credibly"

 In the sentence "If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor", the meaning is clearly about probability/likelihood, not about doing something in a believable manner.

 Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.

 Wait, I need to be careful. The user asks me to return a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. But there are only 2 senses listed (1 and 2). So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me double-check the distinction:
 - Sense 1: probability, likelihood ("He is probably out of the country")
 - Sense 2: credibility, believability ("he talked plausibly")

 In the target sentence: "If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place."

 This is expressing a judgment about likelihood - it's probable that a brilliant doctor would pursue something other than family medicine. This matches Sense 1.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: competent
Target surface form: competent
Context:
But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is <t>competent</t> and conscientious, he serves us well. Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=competent%3:00:00:: | definition=properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient | examples=a competent typist
2. sense_key=competent%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=adequate for the purpose | examples=a competent performance
3. sense_key=competent%3:00:02:: | definition=legally qualified or sufficient | examples=a competent court; competent testimony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "competent" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage discusses teachers and family doctors
- It contrasts "truly inspiring" teachers with those who are "merely competent and conscientious"
- It mentions that if a family doctor is "competent and conscientious, he serves us well"
- The tone suggests "competent" here means having adequate skills/ability to perform the job well, but not necessarily brilliant or exceptional

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=competent%3:00:00:: | definition=properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient | examples=a competent typist
   - This suggests having the necessary skills/qualifications to do something properly
   - Example "competent typist" suggests someone who can type well enough

2. sense_key=competent%5:00:00:adequate:00 | definition=adequate for the purpose | examples=a competent performance
   - This is similar to sense 1 but emphasizes "adequate"
   - Note: In WordNet, sense keys starting with %5:00:00 indicate adjective satellites (pertainyms or similar), but here it seems to be an adjective sense linked to "adequate"
   - Actually, looking at the key format, %5 usually indicates adjective satellites in WordNet 3.0/3.1

3. sense_key=competent%3:00:02:: | definition=legally qualified or sufficient | examples=a competent court; competent testimony
   - This is clearly a legal sense, referring to legal competence/capacity
   - The context is about teachers and doctors, not legal matters

The context is clearly not legal (sense 3 is out).

Between sense 1 and sense 2:
- Sense 1: "properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient"
- Sense 2: "adequate for the purpose"

In the context, the word "competent" is paired with "conscientious" and contrasted with "brilliant" or "truly inspiring." The text says teachers who are "merely competent and conscientious" still allow education to proceed, and a doctor who is "competent and conscientious" serves well.

Sense 1 (properly or sufficiently qualified or capable) seems to fit best. The example "a competent typist" aligns with the usage here - someone who has the skills to do the job.

However, I need to check if sense 2 might be better. Sense 2 is defined as "adequate for the purpose" with example "a competent performance."

In WordNet, typically:
- Sense 1 (competent%3:00:00::) is the primary sense: having the suitable skill/knowledge/ability
- Sense 2 (competent%5:00:00:adequate:00) is likely a satellite adjective sense meaning adequate

But looking at the context "merely competent" and "competent and conscientious" serving well, this emphasizes having sufficient capability/qualification to perform the duty.

The phrase "properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient" (sense 1) captures the meaning of having the necessary skills to do the job (teaching or doctoring), even if not brilliant.

Sense 2 "adequate for the purpose" is close, but sense 1 is more specific about having qualifications/capability.

Also, looking at standard WordNet entries for "competent":
- Sense 1: properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient
- Sense 2: adequate for the purpose (satellite of adequate)

In the context, the author is saying that teachers don't need to be brilliant, just competent (having sufficient skill/qualification). This aligns with sense 1.

Wait, I should verify the exact WordNet senses. In WordNet 3.1:
- competent (adjective)
  1. properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient -- "a competent typist"
  2. adequate for the purpose -- "a competent performance"
  3. legally qualified -- "a competent court"

Given the context discusses professional capability (teachers and doctors doing their jobs), sense 1 seems most appropriate. The contrast is between "brilliant" (exceptional) and "competent" (sufficiently capable/qualified).

Sense 2 focuses more on being "adequate" which is somewhat synonymous but sense 1 captures the professional qualification aspect better.

Also, the example "a competent typist" in sense 1 parallels "a competent teacher" or "a competent doctor" in the text.

Therefore, the best choice is sense_index: 1.

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=competent%3:00:00::
2. sense_key=competent%5:00:00:adequate:00
3. sense_key=competent%3:00:02::

So sense_index should be 1.

But let me double-check if there's any ambiguity. The phrase "merely competent" suggests "just good enough, not exceptional." This could align with sense 2 "adequate." However, sense 1 includes "sufficiently qualified or capable" which also allows for the "merely" interpretation (sufficient but not exceptional).

In WordNet, sense 2 is actually a satellite adjective linked to "adequate." But in common usage and in this context, "competent" primarily means having the necessary skills (sense 1).

The legal sense (3) is clearly wrong.

Between 1 and 2, sense 1 is the core meaning, while sense 2 is a more specific usage emphasizing adequacy. But given the examples - "competent typist" (sense 1) vs "competent performance" (sense 2) - the professional context of teachers and doctors aligns better with the "typist" example (a person having skills) rather than the "performance" example (an event being adequate).

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: serve
Target surface form: serves
Context:
But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he <t>serves</t> us well. Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=serve%2:42:03:: | definition=serve a purpose, role, or function | synonyms=function | examples=The tree stump serves as a table; The female students served as a control group
2. sense_key=serve%2:33:00:: | definition=do duty or hold offices; serve in a specific function | examples=He served as head of the department for three years; She served in Congress for two terms
3. sense_key=serve%2:42:01:: | definition=contribute or conduce to | examples=The scandal served to increase his popularity
4. sense_key=serve%2:41:00:: | definition=be used by; as of a utility | synonyms=service | examples=The sewage plant served the neighboring communities; The garage served to shelter his horses
5. sense_key=serve%2:34:01:: | definition=help to some food; help with food or drink | synonyms=help | examples=I served him three times, and after that he helped himself
6. sense_key=serve%2:34:00:: | definition=provide (usually but not necessarily food) | synonyms=serve up, dish out, dish up, dish | examples=We serve meals for the homeless; She dished out the soup at 8 P.M.
7. sense_key=serve%2:41:02:: | definition=devote (part of) one's life or efforts to, as of countries, institutions, or ideas | examples=She served the art of music; He served the church
8. sense_key=serve%2:42:02:: | definition=promote, benefit, or be useful or beneficial to | synonyms=serve well | examples=Art serves commerce; Their interests are served
9. sense_key=serve%2:42:00:: | definition=spend time in prison or in a labor camp | synonyms=do | examples=He did six years for embezzlement
10. sense_key=serve%2:41:01:: | definition=work for or be a servant to | synonyms=attend to, wait on, attend, assist | examples=May I serve you?; She attends the old lady in the wheelchair
11. sense_key=serve%2:35:00:: | definition=deliver a warrant or summons to someone | synonyms=process, swear out | examples=He was processed by the sheriff
12. sense_key=serve%2:42:12:: | definition=be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity | synonyms=suffice, do, answer | examples=A few words would answer; This car suits my purpose well
13. sense_key=serve%2:41:13:: | definition=do military service | examples=She served in Vietnam; My sons never served, because they are short-sighted
14. sense_key=serve%2:35:01:: | definition=mate with | synonyms=service | examples=male animals serve the females for breeding purposes
15. sense_key=serve%2:33:01:: | definition=put the ball into play | examples=It was Agassi's turn to serve

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "serves" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text compares teachers to family doctors
 - "If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well."
 - The meaning is about the doctor (or teacher) performing their function/duty adequately for the benefit of the patient/student
 - The context suggests "serves us well" means performs a useful function, meets our needs, or is beneficial

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. serve%2:42:03:: - serve a purpose, role, or function (synonyms: function)
    - Examples: "The tree stump serves as a table", "The female students served as a control group"
    - This is about fulfilling a role or function

 2. serve%2:33:00:: - do duty or hold offices
    - Examples: "He served as head of the department", "She served in Congress"
    - This is about holding a position/office

 3. serve%2:42:01:: - contribute or conduce to
    - Examples: "The scandal served to increase his popularity"
    - This is about causing/leading to something

 4. serve%2:41:00:: - be used by; as of a utility
    - Examples: "The sewage plant served the neighboring communities"
    - This is about providing a service to a community/area

 5. serve%2:34:01:: - help to some food
    - Not relevant

 6. serve%2:34:00:: - provide (usually food)
    - Not relevant

 7. serve%2:41:02:: - devote (part of) one's life or efforts to
    - Examples: "She served the art of music", "He served the church"
    - This is about dedication to a cause

 8. serve%2:42:02:: - promote, benefit, or be useful or beneficial to (synonyms: serve well)
    - Examples: "Art serves commerce", "Their interests are served"
    - This matches "serves us well" - being beneficial to us

 9. serve%2:42:00:: - spend time in prison
    - Not relevant

 10. serve%2:41:01:: - work for or be a servant to
    - Examples: "May I serve you?", "She attends the old lady"
    - This is about being a servant/waiting on someone

 11. serve%2:35:00:: - deliver a warrant
    - Not relevant

 12. serve%2:42:12:: - be sufficient; be adequate
    - Examples: "A few words would answer", "This car suits my purpose well"
    - This is about sufficiency

 13. serve%2:41:13:: - do military service
    - Not relevant

 14. serve%2:35:01:: - mate with
    - Not relevant

 15. serve%2:33:01:: - put the ball into play (tennis)
    - Not relevant

 Now, between the relevant candidates:
 - Sense 1 (serve a purpose, role, or function): The doctor serves a function, but the specific phrase "serves us well" suggests benefiting the person, not just functioning.
 - Sense 8 (promote, benefit, or be useful or beneficial to): This has the synonym "serve well" and examples like "Their interests are served". This fits "he serves us well" perfectly - he is beneficial to us, promotes our well-being.
 - Sense 12 (be sufficient): While "serves" can mean "suffices", the context here is about the quality of service (competent and conscientious), not just sufficiency. Also, "serves us well" is an idiom that aligns more with sense 8.
 - Sense 4 (be used by; as of a utility): This is close, but usually refers to infrastructure serving communities, not individuals in a professional capacity in this way.
 - Sense 10 (work for or be a servant to): Too subservient; doctors don't "serve" patients in the sense of being their servants, though they serve them in the sense of being beneficial.

 The phrase "serves us well" is a common collocation that aligns with sense 8: "promote, benefit, or be useful or beneficial to". The example "Their interests are served" is structurally similar to "he serves us well".

 However, looking at sense 1 again: "serve a purpose, role, or function" with synonym "function". The context says "he serves us well" in the sense of performing his role/function well. But the specific gloss for sense 8 mentions "serve well" as a synonym, which is exactly the phrase in the text.

 Let me check the WordNet definitions more carefully:
 - Sense 8: "promote, benefit, or be useful or beneficial to" - synonyms: serve well. Examples: "Art serves commerce"; "Their interests are served"
 - Sense 1: "serve a purpose, role, or function" - synonyms: function. Examples: "The tree stump serves as a table"

 In the context: "If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well."
 This means: If the doctor is competent, he benefits us / is useful to us / serves our interests well.

 This aligns perfectly with sense 8.

 Wait, let me reconsider sense 12: "be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity" - synonyms: suffice, do, answer.
 "He serves us well" could mean "he suffices for us" or "he is adequate for us", but given the comparison to teachers and the emphasis on being "competent and conscientious", the meaning is more about providing good service/benefit rather than just being sufficient/minimally adequate.

 Actually, looking at the context again: "But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious." The word "merely" suggests they are just adequate, not brilliant. So "serves us well" might mean "is sufficient/adequate for our needs."

 But sense 8 (promote, benefit, be useful) also fits "competent and conscientious" - a competent doctor benefits us.

 Let me look at the examples for sense 12: "A few words would answer"; "This car suits my purpose well"
 And sense 8: "Art serves commerce"; "Their interests are served"

 The phrase "serves us well" is ambiguous between:
 1. Functions well for us (sense 1)
 2. Benefits us (sense 8)
 3. Is sufficient for us (sense 12)

 But given that sense 8 explicitly lists "serve well" as a synonym, and the example "Their interests are served" parallels "he serves us well" (where "us" = our interests/needs), sense 8 seems the strongest.

 However, I should check if there's a sense about providing service. Sense 4 is "be used by; as of a utility" with synonym "service". Examples: "The sewage plant served the neighboring communities". This is about providing a service.

 But "he serves us well" with a family doctor is more about the doctor being beneficial/useful to the patient (sense 8) than the doctor being used by the patient (sense 4).

 Actually, looking at standard WSD for "serve" in "serves us well":
 - In WordNet, "serve well" is listed as a synonym for sense 8.
 - The phrase "serves X well" typically means is beneficial to X or meets the needs of X adequately.

 Between sense 8 and sense 12:
 - Sense 12 is about sufficiency/adequacy (meeting minimum requirements)
 - Sense 8 is about being beneficial/useful (promoting interests)

 In the context: "If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well."
 A competent and conscientious doctor is beneficial to the patient (sense 8), not just sufficient (sense 12). The text is saying that even without brilliance, competence is enough to provide good service/benefit.

 Also, the parallel with teachers: "our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious." The teachers "served" the students in the sense of being beneficial/educating them, even if not inspiring.

 I think sense 8 is the best fit.

 Wait, I need to check sense 1 again carefully. "serve a purpose, role, or function" - "The tree stump serves as a table". This is about acting as something. The doctor serves as our doctor? But the phrase is "serves us well", not "serves as our doctor".

 Sense 8: "promote, benefit, or be useful or beneficial to" - "Their interests are served". This is transitive with a human beneficiary.

 Yes, sense 8 is correct.

 Index: 8 (since it's listed as the 8th candidate in the list provided)

 Wait, let me count the indices:
 1. sense_key=serve%2:42:03::
 2. sense_key=serve%2:33:00::
 3. sense_key=serve%2:42:01::
 4. sense_key=serve%2:41:00::
 5. sense_key=serve%2:34:01::
 6. sense_key=serve%2:34:00::
 7. sense_key=serve%2:41:02::
 8. sense_key=serve%2:42:02::
 9. sense_key=serve%2:42:00::
 10. sense_key=serve%2:41:01::
 11. sense_key=serve%2:35:00::
 12. sense_key=serve%2:42:12::
 13. sense_key=serve%2:41:13::
 14. sense_key=serve%2:35:01::
 15. sense_key=serve%2:33:01::

 So sense 8 is index 8.

 But let me double-check if sense 12 could be correct. "be sufficient; be adequate" - "A few words would answer". If the doctor is competent, he is sufficient for our needs. But "serves us well" implies doing a good job, not just barely meeting requirements. "Well" suggests benefit/quality, not just sufficiency.

 Also, the gloss for sense 8 explicitly includes "serve well" as a synonym, which is a strong indicator.

 Therefore, the answer is index 8.

provider: Phala


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: well
Target surface form: well
Context:
But they need not be to do their jobs well. Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us <t>well</t>. Our teachers are not an important factor in our educational crisis.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: | definition=(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (`good' is a nonstandard dialectal variant for `well') | synonyms=good | examples=the children behaved well; a task well done
2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: | definition=thoroughly or completely; fully; often used as a combining form; ; ; ; ; , | examples=The problem is well understood; she was well informed
3. sense_key=well%4:02:03:: | definition=indicating high probability; in all likelihood | synonyms=easily | examples=I might well do it; a mistake that could easily have ended in disaster
4. sense_key=well%4:02:15:: | definition=(used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully | examples=a book well worth reading; was well aware of the difficulties ahead
5. sense_key=well%4:02:08:: | definition=to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree | examples=the project was well underway; the fetus has well developed organs
6. sense_key=well%4:02:07:: | definition=favorably; with approval | examples=their neighbors spoke well of them; he thought well of the book
7. sense_key=well%4:02:11:: | definition=to a great extent or degree | synonyms=considerably, substantially | examples=I'm afraid the film was well over budget; painting the room white made it seem considerably (or substantially) larger
8. sense_key=well%4:02:14:: | definition=with great or especially intimate knowledge | synonyms=intimately | examples=we knew them well
9. sense_key=well%4:02:13:: | definition=with prudence or propriety | examples=You would do well to say nothing more; could not well refuse
10. sense_key=well%4:02:12:: | definition=with skill or in a pleasing manner | examples=she dances well; he writes well
11. sense_key=well%4:02:10:: | definition=in a manner affording benefit or advantage | synonyms=advantageously | examples=she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle
12. sense_key=well%4:02:09:: | definition=in financial comfort | synonyms=comfortably | examples=They live well; she has been able to live comfortably since her husband died
13. sense_key=well%4:02:01:: | definition=without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor | examples=took the joke well; took the tragic news well

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "well" in the given context.

 Context: "If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us <t>well</t>."

 The sentence is comparing a family doctor (and by extension, teachers) who are competent and conscientious. The phrase "serves us well" means that the doctor provides good service, performs his duties satisfactorily, or acts in a beneficial manner toward us.

 Let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. well%4:02:00:: - (often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard
    - Examples: "the children behaved well; a task well done"
    - This seems plausible. "Serves us well" could mean serves us in a good/satisfactory manner.

 2. well%4:02:05:: - thoroughly or completely; fully
    - Examples: "The problem is well understood"
    - Doesn't fit. "Serves us thoroughly" is not the meaning here.

 3. well%4:02:03:: - indicating high probability; in all likelihood
    - Synonyms: easily
    - Examples: "I might well do it"
    - Doesn't fit.

 4. well%4:02:15:: - (used for emphasis or as an intensifier) entirely or fully
    - Examples: "a book well worth reading"
    - Doesn't fit.

 5. well%4:02:08:: - to a suitable or appropriate extent or degree
    - Examples: "the project was well underway"
    - Doesn't fit.

 6. well%4:02:07:: - favorably; with approval
    - Examples: "their neighbors spoke well of them"
    - This is about speaking favorably, not serving.

 7. well%4:02:11:: - to a great extent or degree
    - Synonyms: considerably, substantially
    - Examples: "I'm afraid the film was well over budget"
    - Doesn't fit.

 8. well%4:02:14:: - with great or especially intimate knowledge
    - Synonyms: intimately
    - Examples: "we knew them well"
    - Doesn't fit.

 9. well%4:02:13:: - with prudence or propriety
    - Examples: "You would do well to say nothing more"
    - Doesn't fit.

 10. well%4:02:12:: - with skill or in a pleasing manner
     - Examples: "she dances well; he writes well"
     - This is close, but "serves us well" is more about the quality/benefit of the service rather than just skill. However, it's related.

 11. well%4:02:10:: - in a manner affording benefit or advantage
     - Synonyms: advantageously
     - Examples: "she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle"
     - "Serves us well" could mean serves us advantageously or beneficially. This is a strong candidate.

 12. well%4:02:09:: - in financial comfort
     - Synonyms: comfortably
     - Examples: "They live well"
     - Doesn't fit.

 13. well%4:02:01:: - without unusual distress or resentment; with good humor
     - Examples: "took the joke well"
     - Doesn't fit.

 Now I need to decide between sense 1 and sense 11 (and possibly 10).

 Sense 1: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard"
 - "serves us well" = serves us in a satisfactory manner
 - This is a very general sense of "well" as an adverb meaning "goodly" or satisfactorily.

 Sense 11: "in a manner affording benefit or advantage"
 - "serves us well" = serves us advantageously/beneficially
 - This is also plausible.

 Sense 10: "with skill or in a pleasing manner"
 - "serves us well" = serves us with skill
 - Also plausible.

 However, looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1 examples: "the children behaved well; a task well done"
 - Sense 11 examples: "she married well; The children were settled advantageously in Seattle"
 - Sense 10 examples: "she dances well; he writes well"

 The phrase "serves us well" is idiomatic and often means "is beneficial to us" or "performs satisfactorily for us."

 In the context: "If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well."
 This is about a doctor (or teacher) performing their duty satisfactorily/beneficially.

 Sense 1 seems to be the most general and appropriate. "Serves us well" means performs the service in a good/proper/satisfactory manner.

 But let's look more carefully at the WordNet sense distinctions.

 Sense 1 (well%4:02:00::) is the primary adverbial sense corresponding to "good".
 Sense 11 (well%4:02:10::) is specifically about benefit/advantage.
 Sense 10 (well%4:02:12::) is about skill.

 In "serves us well", the meaning is closer to "performs satisfactorily" or "benefits us".

 However, looking at the WordNet examples for sense 1: "the children behaved well; a task well done"
 And for sense 11: "she married well" (meaning advantageously), "settled advantageously"

 "Serves us well" is often used to mean "is beneficial" (sense 11), but it can also mean "performs the service properly" (sense 1).

 Let me check the actual WordNet hierarchy or typical WSD for this phrase.

 Actually, looking at the definition of sense 1: "(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard"
 And sense 11: "in a manner affording benefit or advantage"

 In the context of a doctor serving patients, if he is competent, he serves them well - this means he provides good service, or his service is beneficial.

 However, sense 1 is the most common general adverbial sense. But the specific context of "serves us well" might map better to sense 11.

 Wait, I should look at the specific sense keys and their frequencies or typical uses.

 Actually, looking at the examples again:
 - Sense 1: "behaved well", "task well done"
 - Sense 11: "married well" (advantageously), "settled advantageously"

 "Serves us well" is very similar to "a task well done" from sense 1. It means the service is done properly/satisfactorily.

 But there's also the idiom "serve someone well" which means to be useful or beneficial to someone over time. This would align with sense 11 (advantageously).

 However, in this specific sentence: "If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well" - it's about the quality of the service being satisfactory/proper.

 Let me reconsider sense 10: "with skill or in a pleasing manner". A competent doctor serves with skill.

 But sense 1 covers "satisfactory manner" which fits "competent".

 Actually, looking at the WordNet sense numbering, sense 1 (well%4:02:00::) is usually the default adverbial sense "in a good manner".

 But I need to be careful. The phrase "serves us well" could be interpreted as:
 1. He serves us in a good/proper manner (sense 1)
 2. He serves us beneficially (sense 11)

 Given the context about being "competent and conscientious", this emphasizes proper/conscientious performance, which aligns with sense 1 ("proper or satisfactory manner").

 However, let me look at sense 11's synonym "advantageously". "He serves us advantageously" is a bit odd. "He serves us well" in the sense of "marrying well" (advantageously) is different from a doctor serving patients.

 Actually, "serve someone well" as an idiom often means "to be of good service to" or "benefit".

 But looking at the WordNet examples for sense 1: "a task well done" - this is very close to the structure here.

 I think sense 1 is the best fit.

 Wait, I should check if there's a specific sense for "well" when used with "serve".

 In many WSD datasets, "serve well" is often tagged with sense 1 (the general "good" adverb sense).

 But let me double-check sense 11 vs sense 1.

 Sense 1 definition: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard"
 Sense 11 definition: "in a manner affording benefit or advantage"

 If a doctor is competent, he serves us in a satisfactory manner (sense 1).
 If something serves you well, it benefits you (sense 11).

 But the context emphasizes "competent and conscientious" which points to the manner of service (how he does it), not just the outcome (benefit). So sense 1 seems better.

 However, there's also sense 10: "with skill or in a pleasing manner". Competent implies skill.

 But "satisfactory manner" (sense 1) covers competence better than just "skill" (sense 10), because competence includes conscientiousness (carefulness, thoroughness), not just skill.

 So I think sense 1 is the winner.

 But I want to make sure about the indexing. The user asks for "sense_index". Looking at the list:
 1. sense_key=well%4:02:00:: -> index 1?
 2. sense_key=well%4:02:05:: -> index 2?
 ...

 The user wants a JSON like {"sense_index": 3}. So I need to provide the number from the list (1-indexed).

 So if I choose sense 1, it would be {"sense_index": 1}.

 But let me reconsider if sense 11 could be better.

 "Serves us well" - if we look at similar constructions:
 - "The memory served him well" - this is sense 11 (beneficially).
 - "He serves the ball well" - this is sense 1 or 10 (properly/with skill).

 In the context of a family doctor: "If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well."
 This is about the doctor performing his duties properly and satisfactorily. It's about the manner of service.

 Sense 1: "in a good or proper or satisfactory manner"
 This matches perfectly.

 Sense 11 is more about advantage or benefit, often used with "marry well", "settle well", etc., or "the strategy served them well" (was beneficial).

 Actually, "the strategy served them well" could be sense 11.

 But here, it's about a person (doctor) serving patients. This is more about the quality of work.

 I think sense 1 is correct.

 Let me verify with the examples of sense 1: "the children behaved well; a task well done"
 "He serves us well" = "He does his service well" = "A task well done".

 Yes, sense 1.

 One final check: could it be sense 13? "with prudence or propriety" - "You would do well to..." No, that's different.

 Could it be sense 6? "favorably; with approval" - "spoke well of them" - no.

 So I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: teacher
Target surface form: teachers
Context:
Yes, we all can remember one or two truly inspiring teachers from our school days. But our education proceeded at the hands of those others, who were merely competent and conscientious. In this sense, a teacher can be compared to one's family doctor. If he were brilliant, he probably would not be a family doctor in the first place. If he is competent and conscientious, he serves us well. Our <t>teachers</t> are not an important factor in our educational crisis. Whether they are or are not underpaid is a problem of equity; it is not an educational problem.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "teachers" in the given context.

 Target lemma: teacher
 Target surface form: teachers
 Context analysis:
 - The text discusses "truly inspiring teachers from our school days"
 - It compares teachers to "family doctor" (a profession/occupation)
 - It mentions "our education proceeded at the hands of those others"
 - It discusses whether they are underpaid (which relates to occupation/profession)
 - It talks about them being "competent and conscientious" (qualities of people doing a job)
 - The comparison to family doctor suggests we're talking about people in a professional role

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=teacher%1:18:00:: | definition=a person whose occupation is teaching | synonyms=instructor
    - This refers to actual human beings who teach as their job/profession
    - Synonym: instructor

 2. sense_key=teacher%1:09:00:: | definition=a personified abstraction that teaches | examples=books were his teachers; experience is a demanding teacher
    - This refers to abstract concepts or things that teach (like books, experience)
    - Examples show non-human "teachers"

 Context clues:
 - "truly inspiring teachers from our school days" - refers to people who taught at school
 - "compared to one's family doctor" - family doctor is a person/occupation, so the comparison suggests teachers are also people/occupations
 - "whether they are or are not underpaid" - only human professionals get paid, not abstract concepts
 - "our education proceeded at the hands of those others" - "hands" implies human agents
 - "competent and conscientious" - these are attributes of people

 The context clearly refers to human beings who work as educators, not abstract concepts like "experience" or "books". Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 Sense 1 is indexed as 1 in the candidate list.

 I need to return: {"sense_index": 1}