[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: country
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the <t>country</t>, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "country" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about bell-ringing in Britain.
- The specific sentence: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the <t>country</t>, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only..."
- Here, "country" refers to the nation/territory of Britain/UK.
- The phrase "in the country" means within the nation/state.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
- This is the political entity sense (nation as a political body).

2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
- This is the territorial/geographic sense (the land/territory of a nation).

3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
- This is the people/collective sense.

4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
- This is the rural/countryside sense. Not applicable here since it's not contrasting urban vs rural.

5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country
- This is a regional area sense. Not applicable.

Now between senses 1, 2, and 3:
- "in the country" - this is a very common phrase referring to the nation as a whole.
- The context is about "the oldest bell-ringing group in the country" meaning within the nation/territory.
- "Country" here refers to the nation-state of Britain.
- In WordNet, sense 1 (country%1:14:00::) is the political entity: "a politically organized body of people under a single government"
- Sense 2 (country%1:15:00::) is the territory: "the territory occupied by a nation"
- Sense 3 (country%1:14:01::) is the people: "the people who live in a nation or country"

The phrase "in the country" typically maps to either sense 1 or 2. Let me think about which is more appropriate.

In the context: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country" - this means within the geographical/political bounds of the nation. It's similar to "in the nation" or "in the land."

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 1 examples: "the state has elected a new president; African nations" - focuses on the political entity.
- Sense 2 examples: "he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries" - focuses on the territory/place.

When we say "in the country" in the sense of "within this nation," it often aligns with sense 2 (territory occupied by a nation) or sense 1. But "the oldest ... in the country" is similar to "he visited several European countries" - wait, that's plural.

Actually, looking at WordNet's treatment:
- country%1:15:00:: = the territory occupied by a nation. Examples: "he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries"
- country%1:14:00:: = a politically organized body... Examples focus on "state" as political entity.

In common usage, "in the country" meaning "in the nation" is extremely frequent. But which WordNet sense?

Let me check the examples for sense 2 again: "he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries". Here "countries" = lands/territories.

For sense 1: "the state has elected a new president; African nations". Here it's more abstract/political.

"The oldest bell-ringing group in the country" - this is referring to the geographical/political domain. It's about location within the nation. I think sense 2 (the territory occupied by a nation) might be slightly better, but sense 1 is also very strong.

Wait, let me reconsider. In many WSD datasets, "in the country" when referring to the nation is often tagged as sense 1 or 2 depending on subtle distinctions.

Actually, looking at the gloss for sense 3: "the people who live in a nation or country" - examples: "a statement that sums up the nation's mood". That's clearly the people.

Between 1 and 2:
- Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - this is the institution/government/entity sense.
- Sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation" - this is the land/place sense.

"The oldest bell-ringing group in the country" - the group is located in the territory. It's the oldest group within the nation's boundaries. This seems like sense 2.

However, "country" in "in the country" is often used as a synonym for "nation" in the political entity sense too.

Let me look at the synonyms:
- Sense 1: state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic
- Sense 2: state, land
- Sense 3: nation, land

"in the country" = "in the land" (sense 2) or "in the nation" (sense 1 or 3).

But wait - the phrase "in the country" is ambiguous. However, looking at the context, it's talking about Britain (which is the country). The Ancient Society is in Britain. It's the oldest group within that national territory.

I think sense 2 is the best fit: "the territory occupied by a nation". But let me double-check if sense 1 might be intended.

Actually, in WordNet, country%1:15:00:: (sense 2) is the most common sense for "country" when referring to a nation as a place. Sense 1 is more abstract. Given the context of physical location ("in the country", "live where", "rural parishes", "inner-city churches"), and the fact that we're talking about where groups are located, sense 2 seems appropriate.

But I should be careful. Let me look at the instruction: "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."

Context clues:
- "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung"
- "small, rural parishes and inner-city churches"
- "the oldest bell-ringing group in the country"
- "Britain's most prestigious churches"

This is clearly about the nation of Britain. The phrase "in the country" here means "in the nation".

In Princeton WordNet:
- country#n#1: a politically organized body of people under a single government
- country#n#2: the territory occupied by a nation
- country#n#3: the people who live in a nation or country

For "the oldest ... in the country", this is parallel to "he visited several European countries" (sense 2) or "he returned to the land of his birth" (sense 2).

Wait, "he visited several European countries" - when you visit countries, you visit territories/places. That aligns with sense 2.

Also, "in the country" contrasting with "live where" suggests geographical scope.

I think sense 2 (index 2) is the best answer.

But let me reconsider sense 1. Is "the country" being used as a political entity? "The country's president" would be sense 1. "In the country" as a location is more spatial.

Actually, looking at standard WSD for "country":
- "country" as nation/territory is extremely common.
- In SemCor and other datasets, "in the country" is frequently sense 2 (territory) or sense 1 (nation).

Let me think about the phrase "the oldest ... in the country". If I substitute synonyms:
- "the oldest ... in the land" -> sense 2
- "the oldest ... in the state" -> could be sense 1 or 2
- "the oldest ... in the nation" -> sense 1 or 3

Given that the examples for sense 2 include "the land of his birth" and "European countries", and the context is about geographical distribution of ringers (rural parishes, inner-city churches, where they live), the territorial sense (sense 2) seems most consistent.

However, I recall that in WordNet, country%1:14:00:: (sense 1) is often the default sense for "country" when referring to a sovereign state. Let me see if I can find any disambiguating factors.

The text says "This being Britain" - referring to the nation. The "country" is Britain. It's talking about things happening within Britain's territory.

I think I'll go with sense 2. But wait - I want to make sure about the indexing. The user lists:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00::
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00::
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01::
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01::
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02::

So index 2 is country%1:15:00:: (territory occupied by a nation).

Actually, looking again at the context, is there any chance it's sense 4 (rural area)? "small, rural parishes" was mentioned earlier, but "in the country" here clearly means "in the nation", not "in the countryside". The article is about Britain overall, not rural areas. So not sense 4.

Sense 5? No, it's not a region like "Bible country".

Sense 3? "The people who live in a nation" - no, it's not referring to the people collectively.

So it's between 1 and 2.

Let me look at the exact wording: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country". This is an idiomatic expression meaning "in the nation". In many lexical resources, this maps to the nation sense.

But in WordNet specifically, I need to see which sense captures "nation as location". Sense 2's gloss: "the territory occupied by a nation". This fits "in the country" as a location within the national territory.

Sense 1's gloss: "a politically organized body of people under a single government". This is more abstract.

Given the spatial/locational context throughout the paragraph (live where, rural parishes, inner-city churches, in the country), sense 2 is the best fit.

Wait, I should double-check. Is there any reason to prefer sense 1? "The country" is often used metonymically for the political entity. But here it's simply referring to the geographical extent.

I'll choose index 2.

Actually, let me reconsider one more time. The phrase "in the country" is extremely common. Let me think about how WordNet distinguishes these.

country#n#1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - synset includes {state, nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic}. This is the abstract political concept.

country#n#2: "the territory occupied by a nation" - synset includes {country, state, land}. This is the concrete place.

When someone says "I live in this country", they mean the place (territory). When they say "The country went to war", they mean the political entity. When they say "The oldest group in the country", it's locational - within the territory.

Therefore, sense 2 (index 2) is correct.

But I want to be absolutely sure. Let me think of similar examples:
- "the best restaurant in the country" -> territory/place (sense 2)
- "the president of the country" -> political entity (sense 1)
- "the mood of the country" -> people (sense 3)

Yes, "in the country" referring to location within the national boundaries = sense 2.

Final answer: {"sense_index": 2}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: found
Target surface form: founded
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, <t>founded</t> in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=found%2:41:00:: | definition=set up or found | synonyms=establish, set up, launch | examples=She set up a literacy program
2. sense_key=found%2:36:00:: | definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | synonyms=establish, plant, constitute, institute | examples=establish a new department
3. sense_key=found%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, base, ground | examples=base a claim on some observation
4. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=find, happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
5. sense_key=detect%2:39:00:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, find, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
6. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=find, regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
7. sense_key=determine%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
8. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=find, feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
9. sense_key=witness%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, find, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
10. sense_key=line_up%2:40:00:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up, find | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
11. sense_key=discover%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover, find | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
12. sense_key=discover%2:31:00:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover, find | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
13. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | synonyms=find | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
14. sense_key=rule%2:32:00:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule, find | examples=find someone guilty
15. sense_key=receive%2:30:01:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
16. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | synonyms=find | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
17. sense_key=recover%2:40:00:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, find, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
18. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | synonyms=find | examples=The arrow found its mark
19. sense_key=find_oneself%2:30:00:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself, find | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "founded" (lemma: found) in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, <t>founded</t> in 1637, remains male-only..."
 - Here, "founded" refers to the establishment/creation of the Ancient Society of College Youths in 1637.
 - It's about setting up or establishing an organization.

 Looking at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=found%2:41:00:: | definition=set up or found | synonyms=establish, set up, launch | examples=She set up a literacy program
 2. sense_key=found%2:36:00:: | definition=set up or lay the groundwork for | synonyms=establish, plant, constitute, institute | examples=establish a new department
 3. sense_key=found%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, base, ground | examples=base a claim on some observation

 The other senses (4-19) are for "find" (different lemma), not "found" in the sense of establishing.

 Now comparing senses 1, 2, and 3:
 - Sense 1: "set up or found" - This seems to be the most direct match for establishing an organization.
 - Sense 2: "set up or lay the groundwork for" - This is similar but often implies preparing for something or establishing a system/department.
 - Sense 3: "use as a basis for; found on" - This is about basing something on something else (e.g., "founded on principles").

 In the context, "founded in 1637" clearly means the organization was established/created in that year. This matches sense 1 best: "set up or found".

 The example for sense 1: "She set up a literacy program" - this is about establishing an organization/program, which matches "The Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637".

 Sense 2's example "establish a new department" is also close, but sense 1 seems more directly about founding/creating organizations.

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - found%2:41:00:: is typically the verb "found" meaning to establish an institution, organization, etc.
 - found%2:36:00:: is also about establishing but might be more about constituting or instituting.
 - found%2:31:00:: is "found on" meaning base on.

 The context "founded in 1637" referring to a society (Ancient Society of College Youths) clearly indicates the creation/establishment of an organization.

 Between sense 1 and 2:
 - Sense 1: "set up or found" - synonyms: establish, set up, launch
 - Sense 2: "set up or lay the groundwork for" - synonyms: establish, plant, constitute, institute

 Both are close. However, "founded" when referring to the creation date of an organization is typically sense 1. The phrase "founded in 1637" is a standard way to indicate when an organization was established/created.

 Looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1 example: "She set up a literacy program" - creating a program
 - Sense 2 example: "establish a new department" - creating a department

 Both fit, but sense 1 is more general "set up or found" which is exactly what happens when a society is founded.

 Also, looking at the sense keys:
 - found%2:41:00:: - this is the specific sense for founding/establishing organizations
 - found%2:36:00:: - this might be more about establishing systems, rules, etc.

 Actually, checking WordNet:
 - found.v.01 (found%2:41:00::): "set up or found" - "She set up a literacy program"
 - found.v.02 (found%2:36:00::): "set up or lay the groundwork for" - "establish a new department"
 - found.v.03 (found%2:31:00::): "use as a basis for; found on" - "base a claim on some observation"

 For a society/organization founded in a specific year, found.v.01 (sense 1) is the most appropriate.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Phala

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remain
Target surface form: remains
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, <t>remains</t> male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remain%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=stay, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
2. sense_key=remain%2:42:03:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay, stay on, continue | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
3. sense_key=remain%2:42:05:: | definition=be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc. | examples=There remains the question of who pulled the trigger; Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war
4. sense_key=remain%2:42:01:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, stay | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "remains" (lemma: remain) in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, <t>remains</t> male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women..."

 The sentence is saying that this group continues to be male-only, or stays in the state of being male-only.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=remain%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=stay, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
 - This sense is about staying the same or remaining in a certain state/condition. The example "The dress remained wet" shows something continuing in a particular state.

 2. sense_key=remain%2:42:03:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay, stay on, continue | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
 - This seems to be about continuing in a physical place or position.

 3. sense_key=remain%2:42:05:: | definition=be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc. | examples=There remains the question of who pulled the trigger; Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war
 - This sense is about something being left or remaining as the only one/extant. The Carter example suggests being the sole/only remaining example.

 4. sense_key=remain%2:42:01:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, stay | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up
 - This is about staying behind physically or metaphorically persisting.

 Now, analyzing the target sentence: "The oldest bell-ringing group... remains male-only"

 This means the group continues to exist in the state of being male-only. It's about maintaining a particular state or condition (male-only).

 Looking at sense 1: "stay the same; remain in a certain state" - this fits well. The group stays in the state of being male-only.

 Looking at sense 3: "be left; of persons..." - The Carter example "Carter remains the only President..." is similar but slightly different. In the Carter example, Carter is the only one left from a set. In our sentence, it's not about being the only one left from a group, but about continuing in a particular state/condition.

 Actually, looking more carefully at sense 3: "be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc." and the example "Carter remains the only President..." - this could potentially fit if we think of it as "the group remains [as] male-only [among groups]" but that's stretching it.

 The key is that "remains male-only" describes the state of the group - it continues to be male-only. This aligns best with sense 1: "stay the same; remain in a certain state".

 However, let me reconsider sense 2: "continue in a place, position, or situation". Is being male-only a "situation"? Maybe, but sense 1 is more specific about "state".

 Sense 4 "stay behind" doesn't fit well here.

 So between sense 1 and sense 3:

 Sense 1: "stay the same; remain in a certain state" - Examples: "The dress remained wet", "rest assured"
 Sense 3: "be left; of persons..." - Example: "Carter remains the only President", "There remains the question"

 In "The dress remained wet", the dress continues in the state of being wet.
 In "Carter remains the only President", Carter continues to be the only President (in recent history...).

 In our sentence: "The society remains male-only" - the society continues in the state of being male-only.

 This seems closer to sense 1. However, sense 3 might also be considered if we think of it as "continues to exist as".

 But looking at the WordNet distinctions:
 - Sense 1 (2:30:00) seems to be the state sense (change vs. remain)
 - Sense 3 (2:42:05) seems to be the "be extant/left over" sense

 Actually, looking at the sense keys:
 - 2:30:00 - this is under the "change" verb class (30)
 - 2:42:05 - this is under the "be" verb class (42)

 "Remains male-only" is stative - it's describing the state of the society. But is it "be left" or "stay the same"?

 The difference between sense 1 and sense 3 is subtle. Sense 1 emphasizes continuation of a state without change. Sense 3 emphasizes surviving or being left from a larger set.

 In the context, the society is not "left over" from anything mentioned. It's continuing to exist in its current state (male-only).

 Also, looking at the example for sense 3: "There remains the question..." - this is an existential use.
 "Carter remains the only President..." - this is about being the sole remaining instance.

 In our case, "remains male-only" is about the property/characteristic of the society continuing unchanged.

 Therefore, sense 1 seems best: "stay the same; remain in a certain state".

 Wait, let me check if there's any other interpretation. Could it be sense 2 "continue in a place, position, or situation"? "Male-only" isn't really a place or position, but it could be a situation. However, sense 1 is more specific about state/condition.

 Let me verify with the examples:
 - Sense 1: "The dress remained wet" - adjective complement (wet)
 - Sense 3: "Carter remains the only President" - noun phrase complement (the only President)

 Our target: "remains male-only" - adjective complement (male-only)

 This parallels sense 1's example "remained wet" (adjective) more than sense 3's "remains the only President" (noun phrase, though arguably adjectival).

 Actually, "male-only" acts as an adjective here (or predicate adjective).

 Therefore, sense 1 (2:30:00) is the best choice.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the index numbering. The user asks for the sense index from the candidate list.

 Candidate 1: sense_key=remain%2:30:00::
 Candidate 2: sense_key=remain%2:42:03::
 Candidate 3: sense_key=remain%2:42:05::
 Candidate 4: sense_key=remain%2:42:01::

 So if I choose sense_key=remain%2:30:00::, that corresponds to index 1.

 Let me double-check by looking at the actual WordNet senses to make sure I'm interpreting correctly.

 In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
 remain.v.01: stay the same; remain in a certain state; "The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it"; "rest assured"; "stay alone"; "He remained unmoved by her tears"
 remain.v.02: stay behind; "The smell stayed in the room"; "The hostility remained long after they made up"
 remain.v.03: be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc.; "There remains the question of who pulled the trigger"; "Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war"
 remain.v.04: continue in a place, position, or situation; "After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser"; "Stay with me, please"

 So:
 - Candidate 1 corresponds to remain.v.01 (2:30:00)
 - Candidate 4 corresponds to remain.v.02 (2:42:01)
 - Candidate 3 corresponds to remain.v.03 (2:42:05)
 - Candidate 2 corresponds to remain.v.04 (2:42:03)

 So my analysis holds. The structure "remains [adjective]" (male-only) matches remain.v.01 best, as in "remained wet".

 Therefore, the answer is index 1.

 But wait, I should reconsider. Is "male-only" functioning as an adjective or is it adverbial? Actually, "male-only" is compound adjective.

 "The society remains male-only" = The society continues to be male-only.

 This is clearly remain.v.01.

 However, I want to make sure about the index. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=remain%2:30:00::
 2. sense_key=remain%2:42:03::
 3. sense_key=remain%2:42:05::
 4. sense_key=remain%2:42:01::

 So yes, index 1 is the first one.

 Actually, looking at the user's candidate list again carefully:

 Candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=remain%2:30:00:: | definition=stay the same; remain in a certain state | synonyms=stay, rest | examples=The dress remained wet after repeated attempts to dry it; rest assured
 2. sense_key=remain%2:42:03:: | definition=continue in a place, position, or situation | synonyms=stay, stay on, continue | examples=After graduation, she stayed on in Cambridge as a student adviser; Stay with me, please
 3. sense_key=remain%2:42:05:: | definition=be left; of persons, questions, problems, results, evidence, etc. | examples=There remains the question of who pulled the trigger; Carter remains the only President in recent history under whose Presidency the U.S. did not fight a war
 4. sense_key=remain%2:42:01:: | definition=stay behind | synonyms=persist, stay | examples=The smell stayed in the room; The hostility remained long after they made up

 So:
 - Index 1: 2:30:00 (state)
 - Index 2: 2:42:03 (continue in place)
 - Index 3: 2:42:05 (be left)
 - Index 4: 2:42:01 (stay behind)

 My choice: Index 1.

 Final check: Could it be index 3? "Carter remains the only President" vs "The society remains male-only". "Male-only" describes the composition of the society. Is the society "left" as male-only? Not really. It's continuing in that state. The Carter example suggests exclusivity "the only", while our example suggests continuation of a policy/state.

 Also, the gloss for 3 is "be left", which implies something remaining after something else is removed or something being extant. The gloss for 1 is "stay the same", which implies continuity without change.

 The context emphasizes that despite women entering the field elsewhere, this specific group continues unchanged ("remains male-only"). This emphasizes theunchanging nature (sense 1) rather than the "being left over" nature (sense 3).

 Therefore, I choose index 1.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fact
Target surface form: fact
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a <t>fact</t> that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
2. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
3. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
4. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "fact" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses bell-ringing in Britain
 - It mentions that the Ancient Society of College Youths remains male-only
 - This "fact" is described as galling to women because this group is the sole source of ringers for prestigious churches
 - The sentence structure: "remains male-only, a <t>fact</t> that's particularly galling..."

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=fact%1:09:01:: | definition=a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred | examples=first you must collect all the facts of the case
    - This seems to refer to information/data about circumstances or events.

 2. sense_key=fact%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened | examples=he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts
    - This seems to refer to statements or assertions (linguistic acts).

 3. sense_key=fact%1:26:01:: | definition=an event known to have happened or something known to have existed | examples=your fears have no basis in fact; how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell
    - This refers to actual events or existing things (reality/truth).

 4. sense_key=fact%1:09:02:: | definition=a concept whose truth can be proved | examples=scientific hypotheses are not facts
    - This refers to provable concepts/truths.

 In the context: "remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling..."

 The "fact" here refers to the circumstance/situation that the society remains male-only. It's referring to the existing state of affairs - that this group is male-only.

 Let me think about the distinctions:
 - Sense 1: a piece of information about circumstances that exist...
 - Sense 3: an event known to have happened or something known to have existed

 The phrase "a fact that's particularly galling" suggests that the fact is the state of being male-only. This is a circumstance that exists.

 Looking at the examples:
 - Sense 1 example: "first you must collect all the facts of the case" - facts as pieces of information
 - Sense 3 example: "your fears have no basis in fact" - fact as reality/truth, "how much of the story is fact" - distinguishing fact from fiction

 In the context, "a fact that's particularly galling" - the fact is the situation itself (that they remain male-only). This aligns with sense 3: "something known to have existed" or "an event known to have happened" - specifically, the ongoing state/existence of the male-only policy.

 However, sense 1 is "a piece of information about circumstances that exist" - this could also fit, as the male-only status is a circumstance that exists.

 Let me look more carefully at the WordNet hierarchy:
 - fact%1:09:01:: is under noun.cognition (information/knowledge)
 - fact%1:26:01:: is under noun.state or noun.event? Actually, looking at the key: fact%1:26:01:: - 26 usually refers to noun.state or noun.event? In WordNet, 26 is usually noun.state.

 Wait, let me check the WordNet sense keys:
 - %1:09:01 - 09 is noun.cognition
 - %1:10:01 - 10 is noun.communication
 - %1:26:01 - 26 is noun.state
 - %1:09:02 - 09 is noun.cognition

 So:
 1. Cognition: piece of information about circumstances
 2. Communication: statement or assertion of verified information
 3. State: an event known to have happened or something known to have existed
 4. Cognition: concept whose truth can be proved

 In the sentence: "remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling"

 The antecedent of "fact" is the clause "remains male-only" or the state of being male-only. This is describing an existing state/circumstance.

 The phrase "a fact" here refers to the reality of the situation - that this group is male-only. This aligns with sense 3: "something known to have existed" (the male-only status).

 But sense 1 is also strong: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist" - the circumstance is that the group is male-only.

 However, looking at the example for sense 3: "your fears have no basis in fact" - here "fact" means reality/truth. "How much of the story is fact" - again, reality vs fiction.

 In our context, "a fact that's particularly galling" - the women are annoyed by the reality/existence of this situation. It's not just a piece of information (sense 1), but the actual state of affairs (sense 3).

 Also, consider the phrase "basis in fact" from sense 3's example. The context here is similar - the existence of this male-only policy is a reality that upsets them.

 Sense 1 focuses more on "pieces of information" - like collecting facts for a case. Sense 3 focuses on "reality/truth" - the way things actually are.

 The sentence is saying that the male-only status is a reality (fact) that is galling. This is sense 3.

 Let me double-check sense 2: "a statement or assertion" - this would be if "fact" referred to a specific statement made, but here it's referring to the situation itself.

 Sense 4: "a concept whose truth can be proved" - this is more abstract, about scientific facts or mathematical facts. Not the right fit.

 So it's between 1 and 3.

 Sense 1: "a piece of information about circumstances that exist"
 Sense 3: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed"

 The context: "remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling"

 If I substitute:
 - "remains male-only, a piece of information about circumstances that exist that's particularly galling" - awkward
 - "remains male-only, something known to have existed that's particularly galling" - better

 Actually, looking at the gloss for sense 3 again: "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed"

 The male-only policy is something known to exist (an ongoing state).

 Also, looking at the example for sense 1: "first you must collect all the facts of the case" - these are discrete pieces of information.

 In our context, "a fact" refers to the specific circumstance that the group is male-only. But is this a "piece of information" or an "existing thing"?

 In WSD, sense 3 (fact%1:26:01) is often used when contrasting with fiction, or when referring to "the fact that..." clauses referring to states of affairs.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet disambiguation for "fact":
 - "the fact that he left early" - usually sense 3 (state/event)
 - "historical facts" - could be sense 1 or 3
 - "scientific facts" - sense 4 or 1

 In this specific construction: "remains male-only, a fact that's..."
 This is an appositive construction. "A fact" is in apposition to "remains male-only" (or the state of being male-only).

 The fact = the state of being male-only.

 This is clearly sense 3: "something known to have existed" (the state of being male-only).

 Sense 1 would be more like: "He told me a fact about the group" - where fact is a piece of information communicated.

 Here, the fact is the reality itself, not just a piece of information about it.

 Therefore, sense 3 is the best choice.

 Wait, let me reconsider. The gloss for sense 1 is "a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred". The circumstance is that the group remains male-only. So this could be sense 1.

 But sense 3 is "an event known to have happened or something known to have existed". The male-only status is something known to exist.

 The key difference is that sense 1 is about information/knowledge (cognition), while sense 3 is about states/events (state).

 In the phrase "a fact that's galling", the fact is galling because it is a reality that discriminates. The reality itself is galling, not just the information about it.

 Also, looking at the example for sense 3: "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction" - here fact = reality/truth.

 In our text, the women are upset by the reality (fact) of the discrimination.

 I think sense 3 is correct.

 But let me check if there's any other clue. The phrase "basis in fact" in the example suggests sense 3 deals with the foundation in reality.

 Also, in WordNet, sense 3 is often the "reality" sense, as opposed to "statement" (sense 2) or "piece of information" (sense 1).

 Given the context emphasizes that this is a reality that affects women (prevents them from ringing at prestigious churches), it's the reality/existence of the policy that matters, not merely the information about it.

 Therefore: sense_index: 3

 Actually, looking at the sense keys again:
 1. fact%1:09:01::
 2. fact%1:10:01::
 3. fact%1:26:01::
 4. fact%1:09:02::

 So the answer should be {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: particularly
Target surface form: particularly
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's <t>particularly</t> galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=particularly%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=peculiarly, especially, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
2. sense_key=particularly%4:02:02:: | definition=specifically or especially distinguished from others | synonyms=in particular | examples=loves Bach, particularly his partitas; recommended one book in particular
3. sense_key=particularly%4:02:01:: | definition=uniquely or characteristically; ; ; - John Knowles | synonyms=peculiarly | examples=these peculiarly cinematic elements; a peculiarly French phenomenon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "particularly" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The sentence is: "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
 - The word "particularly" modifies "galling" (annoying/irritating).
 - The meaning here is that this fact is especially or to a distinctly greater extent galling to women.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=particularly%4:02:00:: | definition=to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common | synonyms=peculiarly, especially, specially | examples=he was particularly fussy about spelling; a particularly gruesome attack
 - This sense means "especially" or "to a greater degree than usual"
 - In the context: "particularly galling" = especially galling, to a greater degree than would be common
 - This fits well with the intensifier use of "particularly"

 2. sense_key=particularly%4:02:02:: | definition=specifically or especially distinguished from others | synonyms=in particular | examples=loves Bach, particularly his partitas; recommended one book in particular
 - This sense is about singling out specific items from a group
 - The example shows "particularly his partitas" - meaning specifically his partitas as distinguished from other works
 - In our context, we're not singling out a specific subset from a group, but rather intensifying the degree of "galling"
 - So this doesn't fit

 3. sense_key=particularly%4:02:01:: | definition=uniquely or characteristically; ; ; - John Knowles | synonyms=peculiarly | examples=these peculiarly cinematic elements; a peculiarly French phenomenon
 - This sense is about something being characteristic of or unique to something
 - The example "peculiarly French phenomenon" means characteristically French
 - In our context, "particularly galling" doesn't mean "characteristically galling" or "uniquely galling" in the sense of being distinctive to women
 - It means "especially galling" or "to a great degree galling"

 So sense 1 is the best fit. The word "particularly" here functions as an intensifier meaning "to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common" - the fact is especially galling to women because of the specific reason given (the group being the sole source for prestigious churches).

 The structure is: [something] is particularly [adjective] to [someone]
 This matches the example: "he was particularly fussy about spelling" and "a particularly gruesome attack"

 Sense 2 would be used in contexts like "I like fruits, particularly apples" (specifically apples from among fruits).
 Sense 3 would be used in contexts like "It is particularly British to queue" (characteristically British).

 Therefore, the answer is sense_index: 1.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to <t>women</t> because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "women" (plural of woman) in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text discusses bell-ringers and how women have entered this once male-dominated field.
 - "more than a third of the ringers today are women"
 - "They are not accepted everywhere"
 - "particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers..."
 - "no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit"

 The target is "women" in the phrase "particularly galling to <t>women</t>".

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
    - This is the general sense of an adult female human being.

 2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
    - This refers to a romantic partner.

 3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
    - This refers specifically to a cleaning woman/housekeeper.

 4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation
    - This is a collective sense referring to women as a group or class.

 In the context, the text is talking about women as a demographic group entering the field of bell-ringing. The phrase "particularly galling to women" refers to women as a class/group (specifically women bell-ringers or women in general who might want to be ringers), not individual adult females per se.

 However, looking carefully at the specific instance: "particularly galling to <t>women</t> because the group is the sole source of ringers..."

 The antecedent seems to be "a growing number of women" mentioned earlier. The text mentions that women have entered the field, and then says they are not accepted everywhere, and this is galling to women.

 Is this sense 1 (adult female persons) or sense 4 (women as a class)?

 Sense 4 is defined as "women as a class" with synonyms "womanhood, fair sex". Examples: "it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation".

 In this context, "women" refers to the group of female bell-ringers or women in general who are excluded. It's referring to them as a collective group being excluded from the Ancient Society.

 But looking at the specific usage: "particularly galling to women" - this could be interpreted as:
 - galling to individual women (sense 1, plural)
 - galling to women as a class (sense 4)

 However, sense 4 in WordNet is often used for abstract references to the collective group "womankind" or "womanhood", often with singular verbs or in philosophical contexts. But here "women" is plural and refers to specific individuals who are bell-ringers.

 Let me reconsider. The text says "a growing number of women have entered..." - this is sense 1 (adult female persons). Then "more than a third of the ringers today are women" - sense 1. Then "They are not accepted everywhere" - referring to these women. Then "particularly galling to women" - this continues to refer to these same women, i.e., adult female persons.

 Sense 4 would be more like "the place of women in society" or "the role of women" - referring to the abstract class. But here it's talking about actual women who want to ring bells at these specific churches.

 Also, sense 4 examples use singular "woman": "woman is the glory of creation". This suggests sense 4 is a collective noun that takes singular agreement, whereas in our text, "women" is clearly plural and refers to multiple individual adult females.

 Therefore, sense 1 (woman%1:18:00::) seems to be the best fit: "an adult female person (as opposed to a man)".

 Wait, let me double-check sense 4. The definition is "women as a class". The example "it's an insult to American womanhood" uses "womanhood". "Woman is the glory of creation" uses singular "woman" to mean womankind.

 In our text, "women" is used to refer to the specific individuals who are bell-ringers, not to womankind as an abstract concept. The exclusion affects specific women who want to ring at St. Paul's Cathedral.

 Also, looking at the synonym "adult female" for sense 1, this fits well with "women" as the plural of adult female person.

 Sense 2 is about romantic partners - clearly wrong.
 Sense 3 is about housekeepers - clearly wrong.

 So it's between 1 and 4.

 In WSD tasks, sense 4 (woman%1:14:00::) is typically reserved for uses where "woman" refers to the collective abstraction, often with determiners like "the" or used in general statements about the sex. For example: "the woman of today", "woman's intuition" (maybe), or "the fair sex".

 But in "women have entered the field", "women are ringers", "galling to women", these are all plural count nouns referring to individual female persons.

 Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

 The index would be 1.

 Wait, I need to check the exact format. The user wants {"sense_index": 3} format, where the number corresponds to the candidate sense number (1, 2, 3, or 4).

 So if I choose sense 1, it would be {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me verify once more. Could it be sense 4?

 Context clues:
 - "a growing number of women" - quantifiable individuals
 - "more than a third... are women" - statistical, individual-based
 - "They are not accepted" - plural pronoun referring back to women as individuals
 - "no woman has filed" - singular individual

 This all points to sense 1. Sense 4 would be more like "Woman has always struggled for equality" where "Woman" = womankind.

 Therefore, the answer is sense_index 1.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the <t>group</t> is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "group" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell-ringers in Britain
 - It mentions "The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths"
 - This "group" is described as being founded in 1637, remaining male-only
 - It is the "sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches"
 - The word "group" refers to the "Ancient Society of College Youths"

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
    - This is the general sense of a collection of people or things forming a unit.
    - In the context, "group" refers to the "Ancient Society of College Youths" which is an organization/society of people.
    - This fits well - it's a number of entities (members) considered as a unit.

 2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
    - This is a chemistry-specific sense.
    - The context is about bell-ringers and societies, not chemistry.
    - This is clearly not the right sense.

 3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group
    - This is a mathematical/algebraic concept.
    - The context is about a historical society of bell-ringers, not mathematics.
    - This is clearly not the right sense.

 So the correct sense is sense 1: "any number of entities (members) considered as a unit"

 The target word "group" refers to the Ancient Society of College Youths, which is an organized body of people - a group in the general sense of a collection of individuals forming a unit.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of <t>ringers</t> for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "ringers" (lemma: ringer) in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about bell ringing, church bells, parishes, churches.
- It mentions "bell-ringing group", "Ancient Society of College Youths", "St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey".
- The target word "ringers" appears in the phrase: "the group is the sole source of <t>ringers</t> for Britain's most prestigious churches"
- Earlier in the text: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung", "train ringers", "new ringer", "once male-dominated field", "more than a third of the ringers today are women", "weekly newspaper for ringers".

Candidate senses:
1. ringer%1:18:02:: - a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. ringer%1:18:01:: - a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. ringer%1:18:00:: - a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. ringer%1:04:00:: - (horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Clearly, the context is about people who ring church bells. The definition of sense 1 matches perfectly: "a person who rings church bells". The synonyms include "bell ringer" which is explicitly what the text is about (bell-ringing group, bells need to be rung, etc.).

Sense 2 (dead ringer/clone) doesn't fit.
Sense 3 (contestant under false pretenses) doesn't fit.
Sense 4 (horseshoes) doesn't fit.

The target surface form is "ringers" and it's used to mean people who ring bells in churches.

So the best sense is sense 1 (ringer%1:18:02::).

Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user says "Choose the single best indexed sense" and the candidates are numbered 1-4. I should return the index number.

Sense 1: ringer%1:18:02::
Sense 2: ringer%1:18:01::
Sense 3: ringer%1:18:00::
Sense 4: ringer%1:04:00::

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check the context around the target:
"the group is the sole source of <t>ringers</t> for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."

Yes, this is definitely about people who ring church bells. The entire passage is about bell ringers.

Therefore, sense_index is 1.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: most
Target surface form: most
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's <t>most</t> prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "most" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- "Britain's <t>most</t> prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey"
- Here, "most" is modifying the adjective "prestigious" to form the superlative degree.
- It means "to the highest degree" prestigious.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=most%4:02:00:: | definition=used to form the superlative | synonyms=to the highest degree | examples=the king cobra is the most dangerous snake
2. sense_key=most%4:02:01:: | definition=very | examples=a most welcome relief
3. sense_key=most%4:02:02:: | definition=(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but | synonyms=about, almost, nearly, near, nigh, virtually | examples=the job is (just) about done; the baby was almost asleep when the alarm sounded

Analysis:
- Sense 1: "used to form the superlative" - This fits perfectly. "most prestigious" = superlative of prestigious.
- Sense 2: "very" - This would be used in constructions like "a most welcome relief" where it means "very" but doesn't necessarily form a superlative in the same grammatical way. In our context, it's clearly forming the superlative of a multi-syllable adjective ("prestigious").
- Sense 3: "almost" - This doesn't fit at all. "most prestigious" doesn't mean "almost prestigious."

The example for sense 1 is "the king cobra is the most dangerous snake" which parallels "Britain's most prestigious churches."

Therefore, the best sense is index 1.

I need to return only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: church
Target surface form: churches
Context:
Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious <t>churches</t>, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: | definition=one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship | synonyms=Christian church
2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for public (especially Christian) worship | synonyms=church building | examples=the church was empty
3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: | definition=a service conducted in a house of worship | synonyms=church service | examples=don't be late for church
4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church | examples=our church is hosting a picnic next week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "churches" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell ringers and where they ring bells
 - It mentions "small, rural parishes and inner-city churches"
 - It mentions "Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey"
 - St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey are physical buildings/places of worship

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=church%1:14:00:: - "one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship" (Christian church/denomination)
    - This refers to a religious group/denomination, not a physical building.

 2. sense_key=church%1:06:00:: - "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" (church building)
    - This refers to the physical building.
    - Examples: "the church was empty"
    - St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey are physical buildings.

 3. sense_key=church%1:04:00:: - "a service conducted in a house of worship" (church service)
    - This refers to a religious service/event.
    - Examples: "don't be late for church"
    - Doesn't fit because we're talking about buildings where ringers ring bells.

 4. sense_key=church%1:14:01:: - "the body of people who attend or belong to a particular local church"
    - This refers to the congregation/people.
    - Examples: "our church is hosting a picnic next week"
    - Doesn't fit because St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey are specific buildings, not groups of people.

 The context clearly refers to physical buildings:
 - "inner-city churches" contrasts with "small, rural parishes" (both are locations)
 - "St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey" are famous physical buildings in London
 - The ringers ring bells in these places, which requires a physical structure with bells

 Therefore, sense 2 (church%1:06:00::) - "a place for public (especially Christian) worship" / "church building" is the correct sense.

 The index would be 2 (since the senses are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 in the list).

 Wait, let me double-check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=church%1:14:00::
 2. sense_key=church%1:06:00::
 3. sense_key=church%1:04:00::
 4. sense_key=church%1:14:01::

 So sense 2 is the building sense.

 The target phrase is "Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey."
 St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey are definitely buildings. They are being referred to as examples of prestigious churches (buildings).

 Also earlier: "small, rural parishes and inner-city churches" - this is a contrast between types of locations/communities, but "churches" here refers to the buildings where bells are rung.

 Actually, looking at "parishes" - a parish can be a geographical area or a congregation, but "churches" in parallel with parishes suggests buildings or institutions. But given the specific examples of St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey, which are definitely buildings, sense 2 is correct.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: woman
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no <t>woman</t> has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "woman" in the given context.

 Target lemma: woman
 Target surface form: woman
 Context: The text discusses bell ringing, the participation of women in this traditionally male-dominated field, and discrimination against them. The specific sentence is: "This being Britain, no <t>woman</t> has filed an equal-opportunity suit..."

 Let me look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
    - This is the generic sense of an adult female human being.

 2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
    - This is the sense referring to a specific relationship role with a man.

 3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
    - This is the sense referring to a domestic worker/cleaner.

 4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation
    - This is the collective sense referring to women as a group/class.

 Now, looking at the context: "This being Britain, no <t>woman</t> has filed an equal-opportunity suit..."

 The context is talking about individual women (or potentially women as a group) not filing lawsuits. But let's look carefully.

 The phrase "no woman has filed" suggests an individual woman could have filed, but none has. This is using "woman" as a countable noun referring to an individual adult female person.

 However, there's also the possibility that it's referring to women as a class. But looking at the pattern "no woman has filed", this is more likely referring to individuals (sense 1) rather than the collective class (sense 4).

 Sense 4 (woman%1:14:00::) is for "women as a class" - uncountable or collective usage, like "woman is the glory of creation" or "American womanhood".

 Sense 1 (woman%1:18:00::) is the standard countable noun for an adult female person.

 In the sentence "no woman has filed", it's referring to the fact that not a single individual woman (among potentially many) has filed a suit. This aligns with sense 1.

 Let me double-check the other possibilities:
 - Sense 2: Doesn't fit, there's no reference to a relationship with a particular man.
 - Sense 3: Doesn't fit, there's no reference to housework employment.
 - Sense 4: While close (could be interpreted as women as a group), the construction "no woman" (singular with "no") typically refers to individuals rather than the collective class. The class usage would be more like "woman has not..." but that's archaic or poetic. The example for sense 4 is "woman is the glory of creation" - clearly referring to the class/collective.

 Actually, looking more carefully at the context: "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit..."

 This is saying that despite the discrimination, no individual woman has taken legal action. This is clearly sense 1 - an adult female person.

 Wait, I should also consider if it could be sense 4. The phrase "no woman has filed" could theoretically mean "no women have filed" (plural), but uses singular for some reason. But sense 4 examples show: "it's an insult to American womanhood" and "woman is the glory of creation". These use "woman" as a mass noun or abstract concept.

 In "no woman has filed", "woman" is clearly a countable noun (takes "no" + singular verb "has"). This is the standard individual sense.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense 1 (woman%1:18:00::).

 But wait, let me reconsider the index. The user says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}".

 So I need to return the index number of the sense in the list provided.

 The list is:
 1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00::
 2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01::
 3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02::
 4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00::

 So if I choose sense 1 (woman%1:18:00::), the index is 1.

 Let me verify once more. Is there any reason to think it's sense 4?

 Sense 4 definition: "women as a class"
 Example: "it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation"

 In the target sentence: "no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit"

 If it were sense 4, it would be more like "Woman has not filed..." treating "woman" as a collective entity. But "no woman" suggests "not one woman" - i.e., individual instances.

 Also, the context is discussing specific women entering the field, specific discrimination, etc. The "no woman" refers back to the women mentioned earlier in the paragraph ("a growing number of women", "women", "they").

 Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

 Index: 1

 Wait, I should check if there's any trick here. The word "woman" appears in the phrase "no woman". Could it be interpreted differently?

 "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit"

 Britain is known for its class system and tradition, and the text notes that despite the discrimination, no legal action has been taken. This is referring to individual women not filing lawsuits.

 Yes, sense 1 is definitely correct.

 Final answer: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: file
Target surface form: filed
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has <t>filed</t> an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=file%2:32:02:: | definition=record in a public office or in a court of law | synonyms=register | examples=file for divorce; file a complaint
2. sense_key=file%2:35:00:: | definition=smooth with a file | examples=file one's fingernails
3. sense_key=file%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed in line | examples=The students filed into the classroom
4. sense_key=file%2:32:01:: | definition=file a formal charge against | synonyms=charge, lodge | examples=The suspect was charged with murdering his wife
5. sense_key=file%2:32:00:: | definition=place in a container for keeping records | synonyms=file away | examples=File these bills, please

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "filed" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell-ringing in Britain
 - It mentions that the Ancient Society of College Youths is male-only
 - It says "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit"
 - The phrase "filed an equal-opportunity suit" suggests legal action - specifically, submitting a legal document or complaint to a court

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=file%2:32:02:: | definition=record in a public office or in a court of law | synonyms=register | examples=file for divorce; file a complaint
    - This seems to fit. "File a complaint" is similar to "file a suit" (lawsuit). This involves submitting legal documents to a court.

 2. sense_key=file%2:35:00:: | definition=smooth with a file | examples=file one's fingernails
    - This is the physical tool usage. Doesn't fit here.

 3. sense_key=file%2:38:00:: | definition=proceed in line | examples=The students filed into the classroom
    - This is about walking in a line. Doesn't fit.

 4. sense_key=file%2:32:01:: | definition=file a formal charge against | synonyms=charge, lodge | examples=The suspect was charged with murdering his wife
    - This is about charging someone with a crime. While related to legal proceedings, "file an equal-opportunity suit" is about initiating a lawsuit/complaint, not necessarily charging someone with a crime.

 5. sense_key=file%2:32:00:: | definition=place in a container for keeping records | synonyms=file away | examples=File these bills, please
    - This is about organizing documents in a filing cabinet. Doesn't fit.

 The phrase "filed an equal-opportunity suit" clearly refers to initiating legal proceedings by submitting documents to a court. This matches sense 1: "record in a public office or in a court of law" with examples like "file a complaint".

 Sense 4 is close but it's specifically about filing a formal charge against someone (criminal context), whereas sense 1 is broader and covers filing lawsuits, complaints, etc. in a court of law.

 The index for sense 1 is 1 (based on the list provided: "1. sense_key=...").

 Wait, let me check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=file%2:32:02::
 2. sense_key=file%2:35:00::
 3. sense_key=file%2:38:00::
 4. sense_key=file%2:32:01::
 5. sense_key=file%2:32:00::

 So the answer should be sense_index 1.

 Actually, looking carefully at the WordNet sense keys:
 - file%2:32:02:: is sense 1 in the list
 - file%2:35:00:: is sense 2 in the list
 - file%2:38:00:: is sense 3 in the list
 - file%2:32:01:: is sense 4 in the list
 - file%2:32:00:: is sense 5 in the list

 The context "filed an equal-opportunity suit" means to initiate a lawsuit by submitting papers to the court. This matches sense 1 (record in a public office or in a court of law).

 Sense 4 is "file a formal charge against" which is slightly different - that's specifically about criminal charges, whereas "file a suit" is a civil action. But both could be close. However, sense 1 has the example "file a complaint" which is very similar to "file a suit". Also, sense 1's definition mentions "in a court of law" which fits perfectly with filing a lawsuit.

 Therefore, the best answer is sense_index 1.

 Wait, I need to be careful. The user asks for the "single best indexed sense" and to return {"sense_index": 3} format (where 3 is an example).

 So I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me double-check:
 - "file an equal-opportunity suit" = submit a lawsuit to the court
 - Sense 1: record in a public office or in a court of law (examples: file for divorce; file a complaint)
 - Sense 4: file a formal charge against (examples: The suspect was charged with murdering his wife)

 Sense 1 is definitely the better fit. Filing a suit is recording/submitting it in a court of law, not necessarily charging someone with a crime (though a suit can be criminal, "equal-opportunity suit" sounds like civil rights litigation).

 Actually, "equal-opportunity suit" would likely refer to a lawsuit regarding equal opportunity/equal rights, so it's definitely a legal filing in a court.

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suit
Target surface form: suit
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity <t>suit</t>, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suit%1:06:00:: | definition=a set of garments (usually including a jacket and trousers or skirt) for outerwear all of the same fabric and color | synonyms=suit of clothes | examples=they buried him in his best suit
2. sense_key=suit%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, case, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
3. sense_key=suit%1:18:00:: | definition=(slang) a businessman dressed in a business suit | examples=all the suits care about is the bottom line
4. sense_key=suit%1:10:01:: | definition=a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage) | synonyms=courtship, wooing, courting | examples=its was a brief and intense courtship
5. sense_key=suit%1:10:00:: | definition=a petition or appeal made to a person of superior status or rank
6. sense_key=suit%1:06:01:: | definition=playing card in any of four sets of 13 cards in a pack; each set has its own symbol and color | examples=a flush is five cards in the same suit; in bridge you must follow suit

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "suit" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about bell-ringing in Britain
 - It mentions that the Ancient Society of College Youths is male-only
 - It says "This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity <t>suit</t>"
 - The phrase "filed an equal-opportunity suit" clearly refers to a legal action
 - The context mentions "equal-opportunity" which relates to discrimination and legal remedies

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=suit%1:06:00:: - garments/clothing (jacket and trousers/skirt)
    - Doesn't fit: "filed an equal-opportunity suit" doesn't mean filing clothing

 2. sense_key=suit%1:04:00:: - lawsuit/legal proceeding
    - Definition: "a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy"
    - Synonyms: lawsuit, case, cause, causa
    - Examples: "the family brought suit against the landlord"
    - Fits perfectly: "filed an equal-opportunity suit" means filing a lawsuit regarding equal opportunity/discrimination

 3. sense_key=suit%1:18:00:: - slang for businessman
    - Doesn't fit: "filed a businessman" makes no sense

 4. sense_key=suit%1:10:01:: - courtship/wooing
    - Doesn't fit: "filed a courtship" doesn't make sense in this context

 5. sense_key=suit%1:10:00:: - petition or appeal to superior
    - Could be close, but "equal-opportunity suit" specifically refers to legal action/lawsuit, not just a petition

 6. sense_key=suit%1:06:01:: - playing cards
    - Doesn't fit: "filed a playing card" makes no sense

 The best sense is clearly sense 2: the legal proceeding/lawsuit sense.

 The context mentions "filed an equal-opportunity suit" - this is clearly referring to a lawsuit or legal case regarding equal opportunity (discrimination based on gender). The phrase "brought suit" in the examples confirms this is the legal sense.

 The index for this sense in the candidate list is 2 (sense_key=suit%1:04:00::).

 Wait, let me check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=suit%1:06:00::
 2. sense_key=suit%1:04:00::
 3. sense_key=suit%1:18:00::
 4. sense_key=suit%1:10:01::
 5. sense_key=suit%1:10:00::
 6. sense_key=suit%1:06:01::

 So sense 2 is the one with definition about legal proceeding in court.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 2}