[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: experience
Target surface form: experience
Context:
Vicar Marshall admits to mixed feelings about this issue, since he is both a vicar and an active bell-ringer himself. "The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and <t>experience</t>. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=experience%1:09:01:: | definition=the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities | examples=a man of experience; experience is the best teacher
2. sense_key=experience%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of direct observation or participation in an event | examples=he had a religious experience; he recalled the experience vividly
3. sense_key=experience%1:11:00:: | definition=an event as apprehended | examples=a surprising experience; that painful experience certainly got our attention

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "experience" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about church bell ringers and their relationship with the church/vicars.
- The quote from Mr. Baldwin: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."
- Here, "experience" is paired with "church life" - it seems to refer to the collective knowledge, practice, or participation in church activities over time, or perhaps the general domain of church living/practice.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=experience%1:09:01:: | definition=the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities | examples=a man of experience; experience is the best teacher
   - This refers to accumulated knowledge/skill from participation. It's an uncountable/mass noun sense referring to expertise or the state of having participated in things.

2. sense_key=experience%1:09:00:: | definition=the content of direct observation or participation in an event | examples=he had a religious experience; he recalled the experience vividly
   - This seems to refer to the subjective content or feeling of an experience. "Religious experience" fits here as a specific type of subjective encounter.

3. sense_key=experience%1:11:00:: | definition=an event as apprehended | examples=a surprising experience; that painful experience certainly got our attention
   - This refers to a specific event or occurrence. Countable noun sense.

Now, in the phrase "church life and experience":
- "church life" refers to the life of the church community, its activities, practices.
- "experience" here seems to parallel "life" - it could mean the collective participation and knowledge gained from church activities, or it could mean the general realm of church practice.

Wait, let me reconsider. "We may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."

Is this saying:
(a) Bell ringers don't have high priority in the life and experience of the church (i.e., in the church's collective existence and practice)?
(b) Bell ringers don't have high priority in church life and [religious] experience?

Actually, looking at the structure: "priority in church life and experience" - this seems to mean "in church life and [church] experience" where "experience" is being used in a collective sense similar to "life."

But let's look at the examples again:
Sense 1: "a man of experience" (accumulated knowledge/skill); "experience is the best teacher"
Sense 2: "he had a religious experience" (content of direct observation/participation); "he recalled the experience vividly"
Sense 3: "a surprising experience" (an event as apprehended)

In the phrase "church life and experience", "experience" is most likely referring to the accumulated body of knowledge, practice, and participation in church activities - i.e., the collective "experience" of the church community. This aligns with sense 1: "the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities."

However, I should consider if it could be sense 2. "Religious experience" is given as an example for sense 2. "Church life and experience" could potentially mean "church life and [religious] experience" where experience refers to the content of religious observation/participation. But in context, Mr. Baldwin is talking about bell ringers having priority in the institutional life of the church. "Church life and experience" reads as a hendiadys or paired terms referring to the overall domain of church existence and practice.

Wait, let me look more carefully. The phrase is: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience."

If I substitute the definitions:
- Sense 1: "priority in church life and [the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation]" - a bit awkward but possible as "church experience" meaning the collective experience of the church.
- Sense 2: "priority in church life and [the content of direct observation or participation]" - also possible.
- Sense 3: "priority in church life and [an event as apprehended]" - doesn't fit well because "experience" here isn't a specific event.

Between sense 1 and sense 2:
Sense 1 (experience%1:09:01) is the "knowledge/skill" sense - uncountable, referring to expertise.
Sense 2 (experience%1:09:00) is the "content" sense - referring to what is experienced, the subjective aspect.

"Church life and experience" - in ecclesiastical contexts, "experience" often refers to the lived religious experience, the subjective side of faith. But here, the context is about bell ringers having priority in the church's institutional life.

Actually, looking at similar constructions: "life and experience" often goes together to mean "life and [the experience that comes with it]" or "life and [our collective experience]".

But there's another way to read it: "in church life and experience" = "in the life and experience of the church" where "experience" = the collective body of what the church has lived through/practiced.

Let me check WordNet more carefully. In WordNet:
- experience%1:09:01:: = the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities
- experience%1:09:00:: = the content of direct observation or participation in an event; "he had a religious experience"; "he recalled the experience vividly"

The example "religious experience" for sense 2 is interesting because our context is church-related. But "church life and experience" as a phrase is more likely to use "experience" in the sense of "the experience of the church" as an institution - its collective lived participation.

However, I need to be careful. The phrase "in church life and experience" might be using "experience" to mean something like "religious experience" or the experiential aspect of church participation.

Let me think about the syntax. "Priority in church life and experience" - if "experience" were sense 2 (content of observation/participation), it would be somewhat odd to say "priority in... experience" unless it means priority within the realm of religious experience. If sense 1 (accumulated knowledge/skill), "priority in... experience" would mean priority within the accumulated practice of the church.

Actually, looking at the broader context: The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers wants to improve relations with vicars. They recognize they may no longer have high priority in church life and experience. This means they are not as central to the church's activities and collective existence as they used to be.

I think sense 1 fits best because:
1. It's uncountable/mass noun usage (no article before experience)
2. It parallels "life" as a general domain/accumulation
3. It refers to the accumulated knowledge and practice of the church community

Wait, but sense 2 can also be uncountable in some contexts? Let me check. The definition says "the content of direct observation or participation in an event" - this can be uncountable (e.g., "religious experience" can be uncountable when referring to the phenomenon in general).

But the examples for sense 1 include "a man of experience" and "experience is the best teacher" - clearly the "expertise/accumulated knowledge" sense.
Examples for sense 2 include "he had a religious experience" (countable) and "he recalled the experience vividly" (countable).
Examples for sense 3 include "a surprising experience" (countable event).

In "church life and experience", the lack of article suggests an uncountable sense. Both sense 1 and sense 2 can be uncountable, but sense 1 is primarily uncountable (accumulation), while sense 2 in the example given is countable ("a religious experience").

Actually, "religious experience" without an article can refer to the general phenomenon (uncountable), which would be sense 2. But "church life and experience" seems to be a fixed collocation referring to the totality of church existence.

Let me search my internal knowledge for similar WordNet disambiguation cases. In WordNet, "experience" in phrases like "life and experience" or "human experience" often maps to sense 1 or sense 2 depending on whether it emphasizes knowledge gained or the content/phenomenon of living.

Given the context about bell ringers not having high priority, it's about their role in the institutional church. "Church life and experience" = the life and general experience (practice, accumulated tradition) of the church.

I think sense 1 is the best fit. The "accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities" captures the idea of the church's collective lived practice and tradition, in contrast to "church life."

But let me reconsider sense 2 one more time. If someone says "in church life and experience," could it mean "in the life of the church and [religious] experience"? Like "we don't have priority in church life and [religious/spiritual] experience"? That seems a bit off because bell ringing is more about church life and activity than about personal religious experience.

Actually, looking at the quote again: "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience." Mr. Baldwin is saying bell ringers aren't as important in the church's life and experience anymore. This is clearly referring to the church as an institution and its collective existence/practice.

Sense 1: accumulation of knowledge or skill from direct participation.
Sense 2: content of direct observation or participation.

If we view the church as having an "experience" - its collective history and practice - this is closer to sense 1 (accumulated participation) than sense 2 (content of observation).

However, I want to double-check. In some theological contexts, "experience" is a technical term (religious experience). But here it's "church life and experience" not "religious experience."

I think I'll go with sense 1. But wait - I should look at whether "experience" in this context could mean "the content of direct observation or participation in an event" i.e., the subjective experience of churchgoers. If bell ringers don't have priority in the experience of churchgoers, that makes sense too - people don't notice or care about bells as much.

But the phrase is "priority in church life and experience" not "priority in the church experience." The lack of article and the pairing with "life" strongly suggests the uncountable, general sense of the accumulated practice and activity of the church.

Let me make a decision. I'll choose sense 1.

Wait, I want to reconsider one more time. Is there any chance it's sense 3? "An event as apprehended" - definitely not, since it's not referring to a specific event.

So it's between 1 and 2.

Let me look at the exact WordNet definitions again mentally:
- 1:09:01 - the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities
- 1:09:00 - the content of direct observation or participation in an event

"Church life and experience" - if I replace "experience" with "accumulation of knowledge/skill from participation" -> "church life and [accumulated knowledge/skill from participation]" = the accumulated practice of the church. This works well.

If I replace with "content of direct observation or participation" -> "church life and [content of direct observation/participation]" = the subjective content of being in church. This also works somewhat.

But given that the subject is an organization (the Central Council) talking about its priority within another organization (the church), the institutional/accumulated sense (sense 1) seems more appropriate than the subjective/content sense (sense 2).

Also, "experience" in sense 1 is often used in phrases like "in my experience" or "life and experience" to mean the totality of what one has lived through and learned. This fits "church life and experience."

I'll go with sense 1.

Actually, one last check: Could "experience" here be synonymous with "expertise" or "practice"? No, it's more like "the experience of the church" meaning the church's collective lived history. That's sense 1.

Final answer: {"sense_index": 1}


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attack
Target surface form: attacking
Context:
"The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also <t>attacking</t> the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attack%2:33:00:: | definition=launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with | synonyms=assail | examples=Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939 and started World War II; Serbian forces assailed Bosnian towns all week
2. sense_key=attack%2:32:00:: | definition=attack in speech or writing | synonyms=round, assail, lash out, snipe, assault | examples=The editors of the left-leaning paper attacked the new House Speaker
3. sense_key=attack%2:33:01:: | definition=take the initiative and go on the offensive | synonyms=aggress | examples=The Serbs attacked the village at night; The visiting team started to attack
4. sense_key=attack%2:33:02:: | definition=attack someone physically or emotionally | synonyms=assail, assault, set on | examples=The mugger assaulted the woman; Nightmares assailed him regularly
5. sense_key=attack%2:30:00:: | definition=set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task | examples=I attacked the problem as soon as I got out of bed
6. sense_key=attack%2:29:00:: | definition=begin to injure | examples=The cancer cells are attacking his liver; Rust is attacking the metal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "attacking" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringers and their challenges
 - Mr. Baldwin is mentioned as president of the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers
 - He is "attacking" the greater problem: lack of ringers
 - The problem is described as a shortage of people to ring bells (only 40,000 of 100,000 trained ringers still ring)

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. attack%2:33:00:: - launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with
    - This is military/aggressive physical attack
    - Examples: Hitler attacked Poland, Serbian forces assailed Bosnian towns
    - Doesn't fit - he's not starting a war against the lack of ringers

 2. attack%2:32:00:: - attack in speech or writing
    - This is verbal criticism
    - Examples: editors attacked the new House Speaker
    - Doesn't fit - he's not criticizing the lack of ringers verbally, he's addressing/working on the problem

 3. attack%2:33:01:: - take the initiative and go on the offensive
    - Examples: The Serbs attacked the village at night; The visiting team started to attack
    - This is more about military or sports offensive action
    - Not quite right - he's not going on the offensive against an enemy in a military/sports sense

 4. attack%2:33:02:: - attack someone physically or emotionally
    - Examples: mugger assaulted the woman; Nightmares assailed him
    - Physical or emotional assault
    - Doesn't fit

 5. attack%2:30:00:: - set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task
    - Examples: I attacked the problem as soon as I got out of bed
    - This means to tackle a problem, work on it vigorously
    - This fits perfectly: "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers"
    - He's working on solving the problem of lack of ringers

 6. attack%2:29:00:: - begin to injure
    - Examples: cancer cells attacking liver, rust attacking metal
    - Biological/chemical degradation
    - Doesn't fit

 The best fit is sense 5: "set to work upon; turn one's energies vigorously to a task"
 The context shows Mr. Baldwin is addressing the problem of lack of ringers - he's tackling this issue, working on it.

 The example given in sense 5 is "I attacked the problem as soon as I got out of bed" which is exactly parallel to "attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers."

 So the answer should be sense_index 5.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Chutes

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
"The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater <t>problem</t>: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "problem" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about church bell ringers and the challenges they face
- Mr. Baldwin is attacking "the greater problem: lack of ringers"
- This refers to a shortage/difficulty situation regarding finding enough bell ringers
- It's described as something that needs to be addressed/resolved

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
   - This refers to a state/condition of difficulty
   - Examples suggest ongoing situations (having problems, it's a job to contact him)
   - "Lack of ringers" could be seen as a state of difficulty

2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
   - This refers to a puzzle, question, or exercise to be solved (like math problems)
   - The context doesn't suggest a question or puzzle, but rather a shortage/difficulty situation
   - Doesn't fit well with "lack of ringers"

3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?
   - This refers to the source/cause of difficulty (what's causing the trouble)
   - Synonym "trouble" suggests something problematic
   - Example "what's the problem?" fits with identifying the source of difficulty

Comparing sense 1 and sense 3:
- Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - focuses on the state/condition
- Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" - focuses on the origin/cause

In the context: "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers."
- The "lack of ringers" is identified as the problem
- Is "lack of ringers" a state of difficulty or a source of difficulty?
- "Lack of ringers" is the cause/source of the difficulty (they can't ring bells properly without enough ringers)
- However, it could also be viewed as the state/condition they're in (being in a state where there are few ringers)

Let me look at the examples more carefully:
Sense 1 examples: "she and her husband are having problems" - this suggests ongoing difficulties in a relationship
Sense 3 examples: "one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?" - this suggests identifying what's causing the trouble

In the context, "lack of ringers" is specifically identified as the problem - it's what's causing the difficulty for bell ringing. The sentence structure "the greater problem: lack of ringers" suggests that "lack of ringers" is being equated with the problem - it's the source of the difficulty.

However, looking at sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - a shortage of ringers is indeed a state of difficulty that needs resolution.

Let me think about the distinction between these senses in WordNet:
- problem%1:26:00:: (noun.state) - usually refers to a situation or state of affairs that is problematic
- problem%1:09:00:: (noun.cognition) - a source of difficulty

Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
- 1:26 is usually the "state" lexicographer file (noun.state)
- 1:09 is usually the "cognition" or "communication" file? Let me check... actually 1:09 is noun.cognition I believe.

Wait, let me reconsider the context. "Attacking the greater problem" suggests dealing with an issue/challenge. "Lack of ringers" is the specific issue.

In the example for sense 1: "it is always a job to contact him" - "job" here means a difficult task/situation.
In the example for sense 3: "what's the problem?" - asking what is causing trouble.

The phrase "the greater problem: lack of ringers" is defining what the problem is. It's identifying the source of their difficulty. The lack of ringers is what's causing them trouble - it's the source of difficulty.

But wait, in common usage, when we say "The problem is lack of funding," we could be using "problem" in either sense depending on subtle distinctions. But looking at the WordNet distinction:
- Sense 1 (state): "she and her husband are having problems" - implies experiencing difficulty
- Sense 3 (source): "what's the problem?" - implies asking for the specific thing causing difficulty

However, looking at the gloss for sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
And sense 3: "a source of difficulty"

In the context, is "lack of ringers" a state or a source?
- It's the cause/source of the predicament (they can't maintain the tradition without ringers)
- But it's also a state/situation (the current state is that there are too few ringers)

Let me look at the synonyms again:
Sense 1: job (as in "it's a real job to...")
Sense 3: trouble

"Attacking the greater trouble" vs "attacking the greater job"...
"Attacking the greater problem" where problem = "source of difficulty" makes sense - he's attacking the source.
"Attacking the greater problem" where problem = "state of difficulty" also makes sense - he's attacking the situation.

But looking carefully at the specific wording: "the greater problem: lack of ringers"
This is appositive - "lack of ringers" IS the problem.
If "lack of ringers" is the problem, and ringers are lacking, this is a situation/state they find themselves in.

However, looking at sense 3's examples: "one trouble after another delayed the job" - here "trouble" is like "problem" - specific instances causing delay.
"What's the problem?" - asking what specific thing is wrong.

In "the greater problem: lack of ringers", the colon suggests that "lack of ringers" is being identified as the problem. This parallels "What's the problem?" where we identify the issue.

Actually, looking at similar constructions in WordNet:
If I say "The problem is we don't have enough money," is the problem the state of not having enough money, or the source of difficulty?

I think the key distinction in WordNet is:
- Sense 1 (state): focuses on the condition/situation of difficulty (having marital problems, it's a job to do something)
- Sense 3 (source): focuses on the specific thing that is causing difficulty (what's the problem? oh, the engine is broken)

In this text: "lack of ringers" is the specific thing causing the church bell ringing community difficulty. It is the source of their difficulty.

Therefore, sense 3 seems most appropriate.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 1. Examples: "she and her husband are having problems" - this is similar to "the church is having problems (lack of ringers)". "It is always a job to contact him" - "job" means difficult task.

But "lack of ringers" isn't really an ongoing state in the same way as marital problems. It's a specific deficiency.

Actually, looking at the WordNet entries more carefully:
problem%1:26:00:: (noun.state) - "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"
problem%1:10:00:: (noun.communication) - "a question raised for consideration or solution"
problem%1:09:00:: (noun.cognition) - "a source of difficulty"

Sense 1 (1:26) is in the "state" file.
Sense 3 (1:09) is in the "cognition" (or possibly "attribute"?) file. Actually 1:09 is noun.cognition.

But regardless of the lexicographer files, the definitions distinguish between a state/situation vs a source/cause.

Given the text explicitly identifies "lack of ringers" as the problem using a colon (apposition), and "lack of ringers" is the cause of their predicament, sense 3 "a source of difficulty" is the best fit.

Also, comparing to sense 3's examples: "one trouble after another" - "lack of ringers" is one such trouble/source of difficulty.

Therefore, the answer should be sense index 3.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
"The sound of bells is a net to draw people into the church, "he says. "I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of <t>ringers</t>. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the target word "ringers" in the given context. I need to analyze the context and choose from the 4 candidate senses provided.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about church bell ringing
- Mentions "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers"
- Talks about "100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring"
- The target word "ringers" appears in the phrase "lack of ringers"
- Context includes: "The sound of bells", "bell ringing", "trained bellringers"

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
- This fits perfectly. The context is explicitly about church bells, bell ringing, and the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. The text mentions "trained bellringers" and discusses the lack of people who ring bells.

2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
- This doesn't fit. The context is not about look-alikes or identical people.

3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
- This doesn't fit. There's no talk of competitions or false pretenses.

4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg
- This doesn't fit. While this is a valid sense of "ringer" (horseshoe ringer), the context is clearly about church bells and bell ringers, not horseshoes.

The context explicitly mentions:
- "Church Bell Ringers" in the organization name
- "100,000 trained bellringers"
- "only 40,000 of them still ring"
- The topic is the shortage of people who ring church bells

Therefore, sense 1 is clearly the correct choice.

The user wants the answer in JSON format: {"sense_index": 1}

Wait, let me double-check the sense numbering. The user listed them as:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02::
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01::
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00::
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00::

So the first one is index 1.

The definition for sense 1 matches exactly: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" - and the context is about the Central Council of Church Bell Ringers and the lack of people to ring the bells.

The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survey
Target surface form: survey
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One <t>survey</t> says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survey%1:04:02:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=study
2. sense_key=survey%1:10:00:: | definition=short descriptive summary (of events) | synonyms=sketch, resume
3. sense_key=survey%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=view, sight | examples=he tried to get a better view of it; his survey of the battlefield was limited

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "survey" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about church bell ringers in England
 - "One <t>survey</t> says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."
 - This refers to some kind of study or investigation that gathered data about bellringers

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=survey%1:04:02:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=study
    - This seems to fit. A survey in the sense of a study or investigation that collects data. The context mentions statistics (100,000 trained, 40,000 still ring), which suggests a systematic study or poll.

 2. sense_key=survey%1:10:00:: | definition=short descriptive summary (of events) | synonyms=sketch, resume
    - This doesn't fit. The context isn't talking about a summary or resume of events. It's talking about data collection about bellringers.

 3. sense_key=survey%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=view, sight | examples=he tried to get a better view of it; his survey of the battlefield was limited
    - This refers to a physical/visual inspection or looking at something. The context is about a statistical study or poll, not physically looking at something.

 So sense 1 is the best fit. The word "survey" here refers to a systematic study or investigation (like a poll or research study) that found statistics about bellringers.

 The definition "a detailed critical inspection" with synonym "study" matches the context where a study found that only 40,000 out of 100,000 trained bellringers still ring.

 Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense distinctions. In WordNet:
 - survey%1:04:02:: is "a detailed critical inspection" - this is the sense of a comprehensive examination or study
 - survey%1:04:01:: is "the act of looking or seeing or observing" - this is more about visual inspection
 - survey%1:10:00:: is "short descriptive summary" - this is a written overview

 In the context: "One survey says that..." - this is clearly referring to a research study or poll that gathered data. This aligns with sense 1 (detailed critical inspection/study).

 Actually, looking more carefully at WordNet, there might be another sense for "survey" meaning a poll or questionnaire. Let me check if that's one of the options... The options given are:
 1. detailed critical inspection (study)
 2. short descriptive summary (sketch, resume)
 3. act of looking/seeing (view, sight)

 The "poll/questionnaire" sense would likely be under sense 1 or might be a different sense not listed. But given the options, sense 1 is definitely the best fit because:
 - It involves gathering information systematically (a study)
 - It produced statistical findings (40,000 out of 100,000)
 - It's not a visual inspection (sense 3)
 - It's not a summary of events (sense 2)

 So the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=survey%1:04:02::
 2. sense_key=survey%1:10:00::
 3. sense_key=survey%1:04:01::

 So index 1 corresponds to survey%1:04:02:: (detailed critical inspection/study)
 Index 2 corresponds to survey%1:10:00:: (short descriptive summary)
 Index 3 corresponds to survey%1:04:01:: (act of looking/seeing)

 Yes, index 1 is correct.

 The context describes a statistical study about bellringers, which is a "detailed critical inspection" or study. This matches sense 1.

 Final check: Could it be sense 3? "The act of looking or seeing or observing" - no, because this is about collecting data through questions or research, not physically looking. The example given for sense 3 is "his survey of the battlefield" which implies visual inspection.

 Could it be sense 2? "Short descriptive summary" - no, because it's presenting specific statistics, not a summary of events.

 Therefore, sense 1 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey <t>says</t> that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "says" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "One survey <t>says</t> that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."

 The target word is "says" and the lemma is "say".

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
 2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
 3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
 4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
 5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
 6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
 7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
 8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
 9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
 10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
 11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

 Now, analyzing the specific usage: "One survey says that..."

 This is a survey (a study or report) stating or reporting a fact. The subject is "One survey" - an inanimate object representing a collection of data or findings.

 Looking at sense 2: "report or maintain" with synonyms "allege, aver". The example "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" fits well with reporting information.

 Looking at sense 4: "have or contain a certain wording or form" with synonym "read". Examples: "The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?" This could potentially fit because a survey can "say" something in the sense of stating what its contents are, similar to how a law or passage "says" something.

 But let's look more carefully. "One survey says that..." - this is the survey reporting or stating findings.

 Sense 1: "express in words" - this is the most general sense, but usually implies a person speaking.

 Sense 2: "report or maintain" - this fits well with a survey reporting statistics.

 Sense 4: "have or contain a certain wording or form" - this is about the text itself containing specific words, like "The sign says 'Stop'".

 In the context "One survey says that...", the survey is being personified as reporting information. This is similar to "The report says..." or "The study says...".

 Comparing sense 1 and sense 2:
 - Sense 1 is general "express in words"
 - Sense 2 is specifically "report or maintain"

 In WordNet, sense 2 (say%2:32:01::) is often used for statements that report or allege something, especially when the subject is not necessarily a person but a document, study, or source.

 However, looking at the examples for sense 4: "The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?" - this seems to fit documents.

 But "One survey says that..." is more about the survey reporting findings, which aligns with sense 2 "report or maintain".

 Wait, let me reconsider. In WordNet, the sense "have or contain a certain wording or form" (sense 4) is typically used when talking about what a text says, e.g., "The Bible says...", "The contract says...", "What does the law say?"

 But "One survey says that..." could be interpreted either way. However, the structure "says that..." introducing a clause with specific content is very common with sense 2 (report/maintain).

 Let me check the examples again:
 Sense 2 examples: "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war"
 Sense 4 examples: "The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?"

 The key difference is that sense 4 is about the form or wording (how it is written), while sense 2 is about reporting/asserting a claim.

 "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers..." - this is the survey reporting a statistic. This is clearly an assertion or report of information.

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure, sense 2 (say%2:32:01::) is the "report or maintain" sense, which includes alleging or asserting something to be the case.

 Sense 1 (say%2:32:00::) is the general "express in words" - the most common sense.

 But for inanimate subjects like "survey", "study", "report", we often use sense 2 or sense 4 depending on whether it's about the content (sense 4) or the act of reporting (sense 2).

 However, looking at the specific gloss for sense 4: "have or contain a certain wording or form" - this is about the text containing specific words. Example: "What does the law say?" means what do the words of the law state.

 For "One survey says that...", this is the survey presenting findings, which is a report.

 But I need to be careful. In many WSD datasets, "The report says..." or "The survey says..." is often tagged with sense 1 (the general sense) or sense 2.

 Let me look at the synonyms for sense 2: "allege, aver". These have a connotation of claiming something without proof, or asserting. A survey doesn't "allege" in the sense of making an unproven claim, it "reports" or "states" findings.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
 - say%2:32:00:: (express in words) - this is the hypernym for many specific senses
 - say%2:32:01:: (report or maintain) - specific to reporting

 The example for sense 2: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" - this is reporting information.

 The example for sense 1: "He said that he wanted to marry her" - this is expressing something in words.

 For "One survey says...", this is clearly reporting information, so sense 2 seems appropriate.

 However, I should also consider if it could be sense 4. Sense 4 is "have or contain a certain wording or form". This is used when we say "The sign says 'No Smoking'" or "What does the document say?".

 But "One survey says that..." where "that" introduces a clause with the content, this is more like reporting.

 Actually, looking at standard WordNet sense distinctions:
 - Sense 1: general speaking/expressing
 - Sense 2: reporting/asserting (often with "that")
 - Sense 4: containing specific text (often with direct quotes or asking about wording)

 Given "One survey says that of the 100,000...", this is reporting a fact, so sense 2 (report or maintain) is the best fit.

 Wait, I should double-check the sense numbering. The user provided:
 1. sense_key=say%2:32:00::
 2. sense_key=say%2:32:01::
 3. sense_key=say%2:32:03::
 4. sense_key=say%2:42:00::
 5. sense_key=say%2:32:04::
 6. sense_key=say%2:32:02::
 7. sense_key=say%2:32:07::
 8. sense_key=say%2:32:15::
 9. sense_key=say%2:32:13::
 10. sense_key=say%2:32:08::
 11. sense_key=say%2:32:09::

 So the indices are 1-11 as listed.

 Sense 2 is "report or maintain".

 But let me reconsider sense 4. The gloss is "have or contain a certain wording or form". The examples are "The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?"

 When we say "The survey says that X", we could be using it in the sense of "the survey contains the information that X" (sense 4) or "the survey reports that X" (sense 2).

 However, in WordNet, sense 4 (say%2:42:00::) is actually a different syntactic category (2:42 vs 2:32). 2:42 is usually "stative" while 2:32 is "communication".

 Looking at the lexicographer file numbers:
 - 2:32:00 - verb.communication
 - 2:42:00 - verb.stative

 Sense 4 (2:42:00) is about the text having certain wording, like "The contract says 'party of the first part'".

 Sense 2 (2:32:01) is about reporting or maintaining something to be true.

 In "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers...", the survey is asserting/reporting a statistic as fact. This is sense 2.

 However, I want to make sure about sense 1. Sense 1 is the general "express in words". Could this be sense 1?

 In many WSD systems, "The report says..." is often mapped to sense 1 because it's the most frequent sense. But the question asks for fine-grained disambiguation using the specific glosses.

 The gloss for sense 2 specifically mentions "report", which matches "survey" perfectly. A survey reports findings.

 Therefore, sense 2 is the best choice.

 But wait, I should look at sense 11: "indicate" with example "The clock says noon". This is also a possibility for inanimate subjects.

 However, "indicate" is more about showing or pointing to something (like a clock showing the time), while a survey is communicating information verbally (in text form), so "report" is better.

 Also, sense 4 vs sense 2: Sense 4 is about the specific wording ("What does the law say?" = what are the words of the law). Sense 2 is about the content being reported.

 "One survey says that..." is about the content being reported, not about the specific wording (though it introduces a clause with the content).

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 2: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" - this is indirect speech with "that" (implied).

 The example for sense 4: "What does the law say?" - this is asking for the content, but usually implies direct quotation or specific wording.

 Given the structure with "that" introducing a clause, and the subject being a survey (which reports findings), sense 2 is the most accurate.

 Final check: Is there any other sense?
 Sense 9: "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare" - example "I say let's forget this whole business". This is more about declaring an opinion or proposal.
 Sense 13? No, the list goes up to 11 in the candidates.

 So my answer is sense 2.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=say%2:32:00::
 2. sense_key=say%2:32:01::
 ...

 So index 2 corresponds to sense_key say%2:32:01::.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 2}.

 Let me double-check by searching my knowledge of WordNet "say" senses.

 In WordNet 3.0 or 3.1:
 - say#1: express in words (state, tell)
 - say#2: report or maintain (allege, aver)
 - say#3: express a supposition (suppose)
 - say#4: have or contain a certain wording or form (read)
 - say#5: give instructions... (order)
 - say#6: speak, pronounce... (pronounce)
 - say#7: communicate nonverbally
 - say#8: utter aloud
 - say#9: state as one's opinion... (declare)
 - say#10: recite...
 - say#11: indicate...

 Yes, that's the order.

 For "One survey says that...", this is definitely sense 2 (report or maintain). A survey reports statistics.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 2 again: "He said it was too late to intervene in the war" - this is exactly the same structure: [Subject] said [that clause].

 And for sense 4: "What does the law say?" - this is a question about content, but usually implies "what is written in the law".

 Also, sense 4 is often used for inanimate objects that "read" or "say" something in terms of their text, but sense 2 is also used for reports/documents that "say" things in the sense of reporting.

 But given the specific gloss "report or maintain" and the subject being a survey (which is a report), sense 2 is the best fit.

 One final check: Could it be sense 1? Sense 1 is the general sense. But sense 2 is more specific and appropriate for reporting facts.

 In fine-grained WSD, we prefer the more specific sense when applicable. So sense 2 is better than sense 1 here.

 Therefore: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell_ringer
Target surface form: bellringers
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained <t>bellringers</t> in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, ringer
2. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who plays musical handbells
3. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal | synonyms=bull's eye, mark, home run | examples=the new advertising campaign was a bell ringer; scored a bull's eye

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "bellringers" (target surface form) with lemma "bell_ringer".

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about church bell ringing.
 - It mentions "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers"
 - It talks about "ringers themselves" and "100,000 trained bellringers in England"
 - It mentions ringing bells in churches (small, rural parishes and inner-city churches)
 - It mentions summoning the congregation implicitly through church bells
 - The context is clearly about people who ring church bells

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, ringer
    - This matches perfectly. The context talks about church bell ringers, trained bellringers in England, ringing in parishes and churches.

 2. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who plays musical handbells
    - The context mentions "church bells" and "parishes" and "vicars", not musical handbells for performance. This is about church bell ringing specifically.

 3. sense_key=bell_ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=something that exactly succeeds in achieving its goal | synonyms=bull's eye, mark, home run | examples=the new advertising campaign was a bell ringer
    - This is a metaphorical usage meaning a success. The context is clearly talking about people who physically ring bells, not a metaphorical success.

 The context explicitly mentions:
 - "Church Bell Ringers"
 - "ringers themselves"
 - "bells need to be rung"
 - "church life"
 - "parishes"

 This clearly corresponds to sense 1: a person who rings church bells.

 The surface form "bellringers" is the plural of "bell ringer".

 Therefore, the best sense is index 1.

 I need to return {"sense_index": 1} as a JSON object.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: today
Target surface form: today
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England <t>today</t>, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "today" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The sentence is: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."
- The meaning here refers to the current time period or era, not specifically the calendar day.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=today%1:28:00:: | definition=the present time or age | examples=the world of today; today we have computers
   - This sense refers to the current era or time period broadly.
   - Example "the world of today" suggests a temporal period, not a specific calendar day.
   - In the context "in England today", this would mean "in present-day England" or "in the England of the current era".

2. sense_key=today%1:28:01:: | definition=the day that includes the present moment (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow) | examples=Today is beautiful; did you see today's newspaper?
   - This sense refers to the specific calendar day (the 24-hour period).
   - Examples like "Today is beautiful" and "today's newspaper" refer to the specific day.

In the context "in England today", the meaning is clearly referring to the present time/era, not the specific calendar day. It's contrasting with the past (implied by "no longer have as high a priority" and the statistics about ringers). It's talking about the current state of affairs in England at the present time.

The phrase "in England today" parallels "the world of today" from sense 1's examples. It refers to the contemporary period, not the specific day.

Therefore, sense 1 (today%1:28:00::) is the correct choice.

The user wants me to return JSON like {"sense_index": 1} (where the number corresponds to the index of the sense in the list provided).

Wait, looking at the instructions: "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

The sense keys are:
1. sense_key=today%1:28:00::
2. sense_key=today%1:28:01::

So if I choose sense 1 (the first one), I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me double-check:
- Sense 1: present time or age (the contemporary era)
- Sense 2: the specific day (as opposed to yesterday or tomorrow)

"In England today" = "In contemporary England" = present time or age. This is sense 1.

Yes, definitely sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, <t>only</t> 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "only" in the given context.

 Context: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."

 The sentence is saying that out of 100,000 trained bellringers, merely/just 40,000 still ring. It's indicating a small number or exclusive subset.

 Let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
    - This sense seems to fit "merely" or "just" - indicating a small or limited number. "Only 40,000" = "merely 40,000" or "just 40,000". This looks like a strong candidate.

 2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
    - This suggests exclusivity - "solely", "exclusively". While "only 40,000" does imply the rest don't ring, the emphasis here seems to be on the smallness/limited nature of the number remaining, not necessarily that they are the exclusive group (though that's implied). But the synonyms "entirely, exclusively" don't fit as well with "only 40,000" in this context. You wouldn't say "exclusively 40,000 of them still ring."

 3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
    - This is the "only to" construction indicating an unfortunate or unexpected result. Not applicable here.

 4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
    - This indicates a result or consequence. Not applicable.

 5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
    - This is a conjunction meaning "but" or "except that". Not applicable here.

 6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
    - This is conditional. Not applicable.

 7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago
    - This indicates recency. Not applicable.

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

 Sense 1: "and nothing more" - synonyms: merely, simply, just, but
 Sense 2: "without any others being included or involved" - synonyms: entirely, exclusively, solely, alone

 In the sentence "only 40,000 of them still ring", the word "only" is functioning as an adverb modifying the number 40,000, indicating that the number is small or limited compared to the total (100,000).

 This aligns with sense 1: "merely 40,000", "simply 40,000", "just 40,000".

 Sense 2 would be more like "only John rings" (meaning exclusively John, nobody else). Or "only the best ringers are chosen" (exclusively the best).

 But when we say "only 40,000", we're saying "merely 40,000" or "just 40,000" - emphasizing the smallness or limitation of the number.

 Looking at the examples for sense 1: "I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time" - these show the "merely/simply" usage.

 Looking at the examples for sense 2: "was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children" - these show exclusivity/sole focus.

 The context is about the lack of ringers - emphasizing that the number is small (only 40,000 out of 100,000). This is the "merely/just" sense.

 Therefore, sense 1 (only%4:02:02::) is the correct choice.

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=only%4:02:02::
 2. sense_key=only%4:02:01::
 3. sense_key=only%4:02:00::
 4. sense_key=only%4:02:04::
 5. sense_key=only%4:02:06::
 6. sense_key=only%4:02:03::
 7. sense_key=only%4:02:05::

 So sense 1 in the list corresponds to only%4:02:02::.

 The user asks for the "sense_index". Looking at the JSON format example: {"sense_index": 3}

 This suggests I should return the index number from the list (1-indexed).

 So if I choose sense 1 (the first one in the list), I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the mapping correctly.

 In WordNet, "only" as an adverb (adv):
 - only%4:02:00:: - "with nevertheless the final result" (as in "only to find")
 - only%4:02:01:: - "without any others being included or involved" (exclusively)
 - only%4:02:02:: - "and nothing more" (merely, simply, just)
 - only%4:02:03:: - "never except when" (only if)
 - only%4:02:04:: - "in the final outcome"
 - only%4:02:05:: - "as recently as"
 - only%4:02:06:: - "except that"

 The user's list seems to be ordered differently than the WordNet offset order. Let me check:

 User's list:
 1. only%4:02:02:: (merely/simply/just)
 2. only%4:02:01:: (exclusively)
 3. only%4:02:00:: (with nevertheless the final result)
 4. only%4:02:04:: (in the final outcome)
 5. only%4:02:06:: (except that)
 6. only%4:02:03:: (never except when)
 7. only%4:02:05:: (as recently as)

 So the user is using 1-indexed positions in their list.

 My analysis suggests sense 1 (only%4:02:02:: - "and nothing more") is correct.

 The sentence: "only 40,000 of them still ring" means "merely 40,000" or "just 40,000" or "and nothing more than 40,000". This fits the "and nothing more" definition perfectly.

 Therefore, the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: still
Target surface form: still
Context:
"I live in hopes that the ringers themselves will be drawn into that fuller life. "The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them <t>still</t> ring. Also, ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation | examples=it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?
2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, yet | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound | synonyms=stock-still | examples=he sat still as a statue; time stood still

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "still" in the given context.

Context: "One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring."

Let me analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=still%4:02:01:: | definition=with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation | examples=it's still warm outside; will you still love me when we're old and grey?
   - This means "continuing up to a point in time" or "without change from a previous state." In the context, "only 40,000 of them still ring" means they continue to ring (without cessation/interruption) from the time they were trained up to now. This fits well.

2. sense_key=still%4:02:04:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=however, nevertheless, withal, yet, all the same, even so
   - This is the concessive sense, like "nevertheless." The sentence isn't saying "despite that, they ring." It's not a contrastive/concessive usage.

3. sense_key=still%4:02:00:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=even, yet | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
   - This is the comparative sense, like "still more." Here "still" modifies "ring" (a verb), and there's no comparison of degree.

4. sense_key=still%4:02:02:: | definition=without moving or making a sound | synonyms=stock-still | examples=he sat still as a statue; time stood still
   - This is the "motionless" sense. Clearly not applicable here since it's about continuing an action, not being motionless.

So sense 1 is clearly the best fit. The word "still" here means "continuing to ring without cessation" or "up to this time." The definition "with reference to action or condition; without change, interruption, or cessation" matches perfectly: 40,000 of them continue to ring (without cessation/interruption) from the past to the present.

The index is 1.

Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists:
1. sense_key=still%4:02:01::
2. sense_key=still%4:02:04::
3. sense_key=still%4:02:00::
4. sense_key=still%4:02:02::

So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

Let me make sure I'm not missing anything. The context is about trained bellringers, and only 40,000 continue to ring. "Still" here is temporal, indicating continuation. That's sense 1.

The user says "Do not answer with a WordNet sense key." and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

So I will return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, <t>ringers</t> do not always live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "ringers" (surface form) with lemma "ringer" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about church bell ringing.
- It mentions "Central Council of Church Bell Ringers"
- It talks about "lack of ringers"
- It mentions "100,000 trained bellringers"
- It says "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung"
- It mentions "attract and train ringers"

So clearly, in this context, "ringers" refers to people who ring church bells.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Sense 1 is clearly the correct one. The context is all about church bells, bell ringing, trained bellringers, and where ringers live relative to churches.

The answer should be a JSON object: {"sense_index": 1}

Wait, let me double-check the sense numbering. The user lists them as:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02::
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01::
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00::
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00::

So the index refers to the candidate number (1, 2, 3, or 4), not the WordNet offset or anything else. The correct candidate is #1.

I need to return only the JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3} but with 1 instead of 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: always
Target surface form: always
Context:
The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers, a sort of parliament of ringing groups, aims to improve relations with vicars, says John C. Baldwin, president. It hopes to speak to students at theological colleges about the joys of bell ringing and will shortly publish a booklet for every vicar in the country entitled, "The Bells in Your Care. "Says Mr. Baldwin, "We recognize that we may no longer have as high a priority in church life and experience. "Mr. Baldwin is also attacking the greater problem: lack of ringers. One survey says that of the 100,000 trained bellringers in England today, only 40,000 of them still ring. Also, ringers do not <t>always</t> live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches. But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=always%4:02:00:: | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time
2. sense_key=always%4:02:04:: | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time
3. sense_key=always%4:02:03:: | definition=without interruption | synonyms=constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly | examples=the world is constantly changing
4. sense_key=always%4:02:02:: | definition=at any time or in any event | examples=you can always resign if you don't like it; you could always take a day off
5. sense_key=always%4:02:01:: | definition=forever; throughout all time | examples=we will always be friends; I shall treasure it always

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "always" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 "Also, ringers do not <t>always</t> live where the bells need to be rung -- like in small, rural parishes and inner-city churches."

 The sentence is saying that ringers do not live where the bells need to be rung at all times/every time. It's about the frequency or consistency of ringers living near the bells they need to ring.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=always%4:02:00:: | definition=at all times; all the time and on every occasion | synonyms=ever, e'er | examples=I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time
    - This seems to be the general sense of "at all times" or "on every occasion"

 2. sense_key=always%4:02:04:: | definition=without variation or change, in every case | synonyms=constantly, invariably | examples=constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time
    - This emphasizes "in every case" or "invariably"

 3. sense_key=always%4:02:03:: | definition=without interruption | synonyms=constantly, forever, perpetually, incessantly | examples=the world is constantly changing
    - This is about continuity without interruption

 4. sense_key=always%4:02:02:: | definition=at any time or in any event | examples=you can always resign if you don't like it; you could always take a day off
    - This is about possibility/optionality ("at any time")

 5. sense_key=always%4:02:01:: | definition=forever; throughout all time | examples=we will always be friends; I shall treasure it always
    - This is about eternal duration

 In the context: "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung"

 This means that it is not the case that ringers live where the bells need to be rung on every occasion/at all times. Some ringers live elsewhere. This is about the frequency or regularity of the situation.

 The phrase "do not always" means "not on every occasion" or "not all the time".

 Looking at sense 1: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion" - this fits with the negation "do not always" meaning "not at all times" or "not on every occasion".

 Looking at sense 2: "without variation or change, in every case" - this is similar but more about invariability. The example "he always arrives on time" suggests habituality or consistency.

 Actually, looking more carefully:
 - Sense 1: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion" - this is the general temporal sense
 - Sense 2: "without variation or change, in every case" - this seems to emphasize the "in every case" aspect, like "invariably"

 In the sentence "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung", we're saying that it's not true that in every case ringers live where the bells are. Or it's not true that they live there at all times.

 But wait, the sentence is talking about a general situation - ringers (in general) don't always (in every instance) live where the bells need to be rung.

 Let me look at the examples again:
 Sense 1: "I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time"
 Sense 2: "constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time"

 Both have "always arrives on time" as an example. This suggests these senses might be very close or the examples are illustrating different nuances.

 Actually, looking at WordNet structure:
 - always%4:02:00:: is usually the first/adverb sense
 - The definitions seem to distinguish between:
   1. at all times; all the time and on every occasion (general)
   2. forever; throughout all time (eternal)
   3. at any time or in any event (possibility)
   4. without interruption (continuous)
   5. without variation or change, in every case (invariably)

 Wait, I need to check the ordering. The sense keys are:
 1. always%4:02:00::
 2. always%4:02:04::
 3. always%4:02:03::
 4. always%4:02:02::
 5. always%4:02:01::

 So:
 - 00: at all times; all the time and on every occasion
 - 01: forever; throughout all time
 - 02: at any time or in any event
 - 03: without interruption
 - 04: without variation or change, in every case

 In the context "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung", the meaning is that it is not the case that ringers live where bells need to be rung on every occasion or in every instance.

 This seems closest to sense 1: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion" or sense 4: "without variation or change, in every case".

 But sense 4 emphasizes "without variation or change" and "in every case", which might be more about consistency in behavior or character (like "constantly kind").

 Sense 1 is the general sense of "at all times" or "on every occasion".

 When we say "do not always", we mean "not on every occasion" or "not in every case".

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 4: "constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time" - this seems to be about habitual behavior.

 The example for sense 1: "I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time" - also about habitual or consistent behavior.

 But in the context, "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung" - this is stating a general fact about the distribution of ringers vs. bell locations. It's not about a specific ringer's habit, but about the general case.

 "Not always" here means "it is not the case that they invariably live there" or "they don't live there in every instance".

 I think sense 1 is the best fit: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion" - because "do not always" negates "at all times" or "on every occasion".

 Sense 4 "without variation or change, in every case" is also close, but seems more emphatic about invariability. However, the phrase "in every case" in the definition of sense 4 seems very relevant.

 Let me reconsider. The sentence is saying that ringers don't invariably live where the bells are. Or it's not always the case that they live there.

 Actually, looking at typical WordNet sense distinctions for "always":
 - Sense 1 (00): The most common sense - "at all times", "on every occasion"
 - Sense 4 (04): "invariably", "without exception" - this is stronger, emphasizing no variation

 But in the negative "not always", both could work. However, sense 1 is the standard sense for "not always" meaning "not every time" or "not in all instances".

 Let me check if there's a specific pattern. The phrase "do not always" typically means "not in every case" or "not at all times".

 Between sense 1 and sense 4:
 - Sense 1: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion"
 - Sense 4: "without variation or change, in every case"

 The key difference seems to be that sense 4 emphasizes "without variation" (invariably), while sense 1 is the general temporal sense.

 In the context, we're talking about the spatial distribution of ringers - they don't invariably/always live near the bells. This is a statement about the variability of the situation.

 However, looking at the examples:
 Sense 1: "I will always be there to help you; always arrives on time"
 Sense 4: "constantly kind and gracious; he always arrives on time"

 Both examples include "always arrives on time". This suggests that in WordNet, these senses might be distinguished by subtle differences, or the examples overlap.

 But the synonyms differ:
 Sense 1: ever, e'er
 Sense 4: constantly, invariably

 "Invariably" suggests "in every case without exception", which is stronger than just "at all times".

 In the sentence "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung", the meaning is that there are cases where ringers don't live near the bells. This is a statement about the existence of exceptions.

 This aligns with sense 1 "at all times; all the time and on every occasion" - negated, it means "not on every occasion" or "not all the time".

 Sense 4 "without variation or change, in every case" - negated, it means "with variation" or "not in every case".

 Both seem plausible, but sense 1 is the primary sense for "always" in contexts like "not always".

 Actually, looking at the WordNet documentation or typical usage:
 - always%4:02:00:: is usually the first sense (adverb)
 - always%4:02:04:: might be a specific sense

 Wait, I should look at the actual WordNet sense ordering. The numbers after the % are:
 - 4:02:00 - this is likely the most common sense
 - 4:02:01 - second sense
 - etc.

 But the definitions provided suggest:
 - 00: at all times; all the time and on every occasion
 - 04: without variation or change, in every case

 The fact that 04 has a higher number (04 vs 00) might indicate it's less common, or the numbering is different.

 Actually, in WordNet sense keys, the format is:
 lemma%pos:lex_filenum:lex_id

 So:
 - always%4:02:00:: - adverb (4), file 02 (adv.all), lex_id 00
 - always%4:02:04:: - adverb (4), file 02 (adv.all), lex_id 04

 The lex_id doesn't necessarily indicate frequency.

 But looking at the definitions, sense 1 (00) is the general "at all times" sense, while sense 4 (04) is the "invariably" sense.

 In the context "do not always live", this is equivalent to "do not invariably live" or "do not live there in every case".

 However, the most natural reading is simply "it is not the case that they live there at all times" or "they don't live there on every occasion".

 I think sense 1 is the correct choice. The phrase "not always" is the negation of "always" in the sense of "at all times" or "on every occasion".

 Let me double-check by considering if any other sense fits:
 - Sense 3 (03): "without interruption" - "ringers do not without interruption live..." - doesn't make sense.
 - Sense 5 (01): "forever" - "ringers do not forever live..." - doesn't fit.
 - Sense 4 (02): "at any time" - "ringers do not at any time live..." - would mean they never live there, which is not the intended meaning. The intended meaning is that sometimes they don't live there, not that they never do.

 So it's between sense 1 (00) and sense 2 (04).

 Sense 1: "at all times; all the time and on every occasion"
 Sense 2: "without variation or change, in every case"

 The phrase "do not always" in English typically means "not on every occasion" which matches sense 1.

 For example, "The train doesn't always arrive on time" means it doesn't arrive on time on every occasion.

 This is sense 1.

 Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

 Wait, I need to be careful about the indexing. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=always%4:02:00::
 2. sense_key=always%4:02:04::
 3. sense_key=always%4:02:03::
 4. sense_key=always%4:02:02::
 5. sense_key=always%4:02:01::

 So:
 - Index 1 corresponds to always%4:02:00::
 - Index 2 corresponds to always%4:02:04::
 - Index 3 corresponds to always%4:02:03::
 - Index 4 corresponds to always%4:02:02::
 - Index 5 corresponds to always%4:02:01::

 So if I choose sense 1 (at all times; all the time and on every occasion), the index is 1.

 If I choose sense 4 (without variation or change, in every case), the index is 2.

 Given my analysis, sense 1 (index 1) is the best fit.

 But let me reconsider sense 2 (index 2) one more time. The definition is "without variation or change, in every case" with synonyms "constantly, invariably".

 The sentence says ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung. This could mean they don't invariably live there, or it's not constantly the case.

 However, the phrase "not always" is most directly the negation of "always" meaning "at all times" (sense 1).

 Also, looking at the example for sense 2: "constantly kind and gracious" - this describes a permanent characteristic. "He always arrives on time" - this is habitual.

 But "ringers do not always live..." is about the distribution of ringers, not about a permanent characteristic of specific ringers. It's saying that in the set of all ringers, they don't all live near bells - there are exceptions.

 This is "not in every case" which could map to sense 2.

 But sense 1 "on every occasion" also covers this. When we say "Ringers don't always live near churches", we mean "It is not the case that on every occasion a ringer lives near a church" or "Not all ringers live near churches".

 Actually, "not always" with a plural subject ("ringers") can mean "not all ringers" or "not in all cases".

 I think sense 1 is safer and more general. The distinction between sense 1 and sense 2 is subtle, but sense 1 is the standard temporal sense.

 Let me check if there's any other clue. The context mentions "only 40,000 of them still ring" and then "ringers do not always live where the bells need to be rung". This is explaining why there's a shortage - because even though there are ringers, they might not be located where needed.

 This is about the general case - it's not always the case that they live where needed.

 I think index 1 is correct.

 Final check: The user wants a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}. So I need to return the number of the sense in the list (1-indexed).

 So if I choose the first one, it's {"sense_index": 1}.

 Yes.