[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: started
Context:
CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn <t>started</t> rolling like ocean waves. We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "started" in the given context.

Context: "Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn <t>started</t> rolling like ocean waves."

The lawn began to roll like ocean waves. This is describing the beginning of an action or state.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. start%2:30:00:: - take the first step or steps in carrying out an action (agentive, intentional)
2. start%2:30:01:: - set in motion, cause to start (transitive, causative)
3. start%2:38:02:: - leave (depart)
4. start%2:42:00:: - have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense (inchoative, intransitive)
5. start%2:36:00:: - bring into being (originate)
6. start%2:36:01:: - get off the ground (embark on)
7. start%2:38:04:: - move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm (startle)
8. start%2:38:01:: - get going or set in motion (transitive, mechanical)
9. start%2:38:00:: - begin or set in motion (intransitive, get going)
10. start%2:41:00:: - begin work or acting in a certain capacity
11. start%2:33:00:: - play in the starting lineup
12. start%2:42:03:: - have a beginning characterized in some specified way
13. start%2:41:04:: - begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature... (transitive)
14. start%2:38:03:: - bulge outward

The sentence: "the lawn started rolling like ocean waves"

This is intransitive. The lawn is the subject, and it began to roll.

Sense 4: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense" - examples: "The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro"
Sense 12: "have a beginning characterized in some specified way" - examples: "The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees"

Wait, sense 12 is about how something begins (characterized in some specified way). But here we have "started rolling" - that's a beginning of an action.

Sense 9: "begin or set in motion" - examples: "I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!" - this is more about starting an activity oneself.

Sense 4 seems to be for inchoative "begin" where something comes into being or begins to exist/occur. "The lawn started rolling" - the rolling began.

But wait, there's also sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" - but that's for agents. The lawn is not an agent.

Sense 4: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense" - this is for things that begin. "The party began", "The show started".

Actually, looking at WordNet, sense 4 (start%2:42:00::) corresponds to "begin" as in "The DMZ begins right over the hill" - spatial/temporal beginning.

Sense 12 (start%2:42:03::) is "have a beginning characterized in some specified way" - "The novel begins with a murder".

But "started rolling" uses the start + gerund construction. This is similar to "began working" in sense 1? No, sense 1 is "take the first step" which is agentive.

Let me reconsider. In WordNet, the sense for "begin/start" when used intransitively with activities (like "It started raining") is often sense 4 or 9.

Sense 9: "begin or set in motion" - synonyms: go, get going. Examples: "I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!" This seems to be about initiating movement or activity.

Sense 4: "have a beginning" - more stative? Examples given are spatial/temporal.

Actually, looking at the examples for sense 4: "The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro" - these are about spatial/temporal boundaries.

For sense 9: "I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!" - these are about beginning an activity.

But "the lawn started rolling" - the lawn is not an intentional agent, but it is beginning an action (rolling).

Wait, there's also sense 1 which has example "We began working at dawn" - that's begin + gerund/participle. But sense 1 is "take the first step" which implies agency.

In the sentence, "the lawn started rolling" - this is the inchoative use. The lawn began the action of rolling.

Let me look at sense 4 vs sense 9 more carefully.

Sense 4: start%2:42:00:: - have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense. This is the "begin" that corresponds to "The movie starts at 8". It's about the beginning point.

Sense 9: start%2:38:00:: - begin or set in motion. Synonyms: go, get going. This seems more active. "I start at eight" (I begin working). "Ready, set, go!" (begin moving).

But "the lawn started rolling" - is this like "the engine started" (sense 8? no, that's transitive) or "it started to rain"?

Actually, in WordNet, "start" when used as an inchoative linking verb (begin to) might map to sense 4 or 12.

Wait, sense 12: "have a beginning characterized in some specified way" - examples: "The novel begins with a murder". That's about the starting point characterization.

Sense 4 examples: "The DMZ begins right over the hill" (spatial), "The second movement begins after the Allegro" (temporal).

But "the lawn started rolling" doesn't fit spatial/temporal boundary well. It's an event beginning.

Hmm, let me look at sense 9 again: "begin or set in motion". The definition says "begin or set in motion". So it can be intransitive "begin" or transitive "set in motion"? The examples are intransitive: "I start at eight", "Ready, set, go!".

Actually, looking at WordNet structure, sense 9 (start%2:38:00::) is likely the intransitive counterpart to sense 8 or 2.

Wait, I should look at the lexicographer file numbers:
- 2:30:00 - verb.cognition? No, 30 is verb.change? Actually WordNet lexicographer files: 30 is verb.social? No.
The second number is the lexicographer file. 38 is verb.motion, 42 is verb.stative, 30 is verb.change? Let me recall:
- 29: verb.body
- 30: verb.change
- 31: verb.cognition
- 32: verb.communication
- 33: verb.competition
- 34: verb.consumption
- 35: verb.contact
- 36: verb.creation
- 37: verb.emotion
- 38: verb.motion
- 39: verb.perception
- 40: verb.possession
- 41: verb.social
- 42: verb.stative

So:
- Sense 4 (2:42:00) is verb.stative - "have a beginning"
- Sense 9 (2:38:00) is verb.motion - "begin or set in motion"
- Sense 12 (2:42:03) is verb.stative - "have a beginning characterized..."

"The lawn started rolling like ocean waves" - this is clearly verb.motion! The lawn is moving. So sense 9 (verb.motion) seems more appropriate than sense 4 (verb.stative).

But wait, sense 9 examples: "I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!" These are about beginning to move/act.

Sense 7 (2:38:04): move or jump suddenly - "startle". Not this.
Sense 8 (2:38:01): get going or set in motion - "We simply could not start the engine". This is transitive.
Sense 3 (2:38:02): leave - "depart". Not this.
Sense 14 (2:38:03): bulge outward. Not this.

So among verb.motion senses, we have:
- 2:38:00 (sense 9): begin or set in motion
- 2:38:01 (sense 8): get going or set in motion (transitive, mechanical)
- 2:38:02 (sense 3): leave
- 2:38:03 (sense 14): bulge outward
- 2:38:04 (sense 7): startle

Sense 9 seems to be the intransitive motion sense: begin moving/acting. "I start at eight" = I begin (my activity). "Ready, set, go!" = begin moving.

But is "the lawn started rolling" more like "have a beginning" (stative) or "begin motion" (verb.motion)?

Actually, "start rolling" is an inchoative. The lawn began to roll. In WordNet, "start" + complement (rolling) often maps to the stative "have a beginning" sense when the subject is non-agentive.

But wait, sense 1 has example "We began working at dawn". That's agentive begin + gerund.

For non-agentive: "It started raining" - what sense is that?

Let me think about how WordNet distinguishes these. Usually, "begin" and "start" are organized such that:
- The stative senses (42) are for when something has a beginning point (in time, space, or abstract evaluation).
- The motion/change senses (38/30) are for when something begins to move or change.

"The lawn started rolling" - the lawn is undergoing a change (from still to rolling). This could be verb.change.

But looking at the candidates, sense 4 (2:42:00) is the main inchoative stative sense. Its examples include temporal beginnings ("The second movement begins after the Allegro").

Sense 12 (2:42:03) is about the manner/characterization of the beginning.

Actually, I recall that in WordNet, "start" sense 4 (have a beginning) is often used for inchoative events: "The war began", "The show started at 8", etc.

But "start rolling" specifically - is there a sense for "begin to" + verb?

Looking at the definitions again:
Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" - This is for intentional agents beginning an action. Example: "We began working at dawn". But the subject is "We" (agent). The lawn is not an agent.

Sense 4: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense" - Example: "The second movement begins after the Allegro". This is intransitive, non-agentive. "The lawn started [its rolling]" could fit here as a temporal beginning of an event.

Sense 9: "begin or set in motion" - Example: "I start at eight in the morning". This is agentive/intransitive activity.

Wait, actually, looking at the example for sense 9: "I start at eight in the morning" - this is about beginning one's day/work. "Ready, set, go!" - imperative to begin. These are still somewhat agentive.

For non-agentive subjects like "the lawn" or "it" (rain), the stative sense 4 might be better.

But let me reconsider the exact wording: "the lawn started rolling like ocean waves". This is describing the beginning of a physical motion. The lawn (ground) began to move.

In earthquake descriptions, "the ground started shaking" or "started rolling" - this is very similar to "the engine started" but intransitive.

Actually, sense 8 is "get going or set in motion" with examples "We could not start the engine; start up the computer". That's transitive.

Is there an intransitive sense for machines/engines starting? Like "The car started"? That might be sense 9 or 4.

In many dictionaries, "The car won't start" is intransitive, meaning "begin to operate". In WordNet, this might be sense 9 (begin or set in motion) or sense 4 (have a beginning).

But looking at the synonyms for sense 9: "go, get going". "The car goes" = operates. "The lawn goes rolling"? Not quite.

Let me look at sense 4 synonyms: "begin". "The lawn began rolling" - yes, that works perfectly as a paraphrase.

Sense 12 synonyms: "begin". "The lawn began rolling" - also works. But sense 12 is "have a beginning characterized in some specified way" - the example is "The novel begins with a murder". The "characterized way" is "with a murder" or "with the three maple trees". In our sentence, the lawn's rolling is not a characterization of its beginning in that sense; it's the event that begins.

Actually, "started rolling" where "rolling" describes the manner? No, "rolling" is the event that started.

Hmm, but wait. Could sense 1 apply? "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" - but the lawn doesn't carry out an action intentionally.

Could sense 7 apply? "move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm" - no, that's startle.

Let me reconsider sense 9. Definition: "begin or set in motion". If we parse "the lawn started rolling", it's possible this is sense 9 where "start" means "begin" (intransitive) and "rolling" is the activity. The example "I start at eight" shows intransitive use for beginning an activity.

But I think the most accurate WordNet sense for "started" when a non-agentive subject begins an action (especially a natural phenomenon or involuntary action) is sense 4: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense".

Wait, I want to double-check. In the SemCor corpus or other WSD datasets, how is "started" tagged when used with weather or natural events?

For example: "It started to rain" - usually tagged as start%2:42:00:: (have a beginning) or start%2:30:00::?

Actually, looking at WordNet mapping:
- start%2:30:00:: = begin, commence (start an activity, agentive)
- start%2:42:00:: = begin (have a beginning, inchoative)

The key distinction is that 2:42:00 is the stative/inchoative "begin" for events and states, while 2:30:00 is the agentive "begin" for actions.

In the sentence "the lawn started rolling", the lawn is not an agent. The rolling is an event that began. So sense 4 (2:42:00) seems correct.

But wait, the surface form is "started" and the complement is "rolling like ocean waves". This is an activity. Does sense 4 take activity complements?

The definition says "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense". The examples don't show a gerund/infinitive complement. But by analogy, "The second movement begins after the Allegro" - the second movement begins (to be played).

Actually, "begin" and "start" in English can take NP or VP complements. When taking VP complements (start/begin + to V/Ving), they are often light verbs or inchoative markers.

In WordNet, sense 4 (have a beginning) might be the sense for existential/temporal beginning, while sense 1 is for agentive beginning.

Let me look at the other stative sense: 12. "have a beginning characterized in some specified way". This might be for "The book starts with a prologue". That's not our case.

What about sense 9? "begin or set in motion" - verb.motion. The lawn is in motion. "The lawn began moving" - this is motion.

I think I need to decide between sense 4 (stative, inchoative) and sense 9 (motion, inchoative).

Given that the context is an earthquake (tremor), and the lawn is physically moving/rolling, and the lexicographer file is verb.motion (38), sense 9 might be intended for physical movement beginnings.

But "start" + activity with a non-agentive subject... Let me think about "The ball started rolling down the hill." Is that sense 9 or 4?

Actually, "start" in "the ball started rolling" is often considered the inchoative of motion. In WordNet, sense 9 "begin or set in motion" with synonyms "go, get going" seems to fit physical movement. "Ready, set, go!" is about physical movement. "I start at eight" is metonymic (I start moving/working).

However, "the lawn started rolling like ocean waves" - the lawn itself isn't moving away; the ground is undulating. It's beginning to roll.

Let me reconsider all senses carefully.

Sense 4: have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense
- This is the most general inchoative sense. "The war started", "The movie starts at 8", "The trail starts here".
- For events and states.

Sense 9: begin or set in motion
- This is specifically verb.motion. "I start at eight", "Ready, set, go!"

If the subject were "we" (agentive), sense 1 or 9 might fit. For "the lawn" (non-agentive, physical object undergoing motion), sense 9 (verb.motion) or sense 4 (verb.stative) could fit.

But actually, looking at the example for sense 9: "I start at eight in the morning" - this is about beginning an activity (work). "Ready, set, go!" - beginning a race (motion). So sense 9 covers beginning of activities/motion.

The lawn beginning to roll is the beginning of a motion event. So sense 9 seems very appropriate.

However, I should check if there's a pattern in WordNet where natural phenomena use sense 4. For example, "The earthquake started" - would that be sense 4 or 9? Probably sense 4 (the event began).

But here it's "the lawn started rolling" - the lawn is the subject, not the earthquake. The lawn is the thing that begins to roll.

Wait, in "the lawn started rolling", "started" is a catenative verb (begin + to roll/rolling). The subject "the lawn" is the subject of both "started" and "rolling". This is a raising or control construction.

In WSD for "begin", the catenative use (begin + to V) is often sense 4 (have a beginning) or sense 1 (commence). For agentive subjects, it's sense 1. For non-agentive, it's sense 4.

For example, in SemCor:
- "He began to laugh" -> begin%2:30:00:: (agentive? maybe)
- "It began to rain" -> begin%2:42:00:: (stative)

Actually, I found a key insight: sense 4 is "have a beginning" while sense 1 is "take the first step". The difference is that sense 4 is inchoative (become started) while sense 1 is agentive (initiate).

For "the lawn started rolling", the lawn is not initiating the rolling intentionally; the rolling is happening to it (due to the earthquake). So it's inchoative. Therefore sense 4 is better than sense 1.

Between sense 4 and sense 9: sense 4 is the general inchoative for events ("The party began"). Sense 9 is specifically for motion ("Ready, set, go!").

But "rolling" is a motion verb. However, "start" here is functioning as an aspectual verb (inchoative marker) rather than a motion verb per se. The motion is contributed by "rolling". "Start" just marks the beginning.

In WordNet, aspectual "start" (begin + complement) is usually mapped to the general beginning sense, not the motion sense, unless the subject is an agent beginning to move.

Let me look at sense 4's examples again: "The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro". These don't show VP complements. But the definition "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense" is broad enough to cover events beginning.

Sense 12: "have a beginning characterized in some specified way" - "The novel begins with a murder". This is about the initial state/characterization.

I think sense 4 is the best fit. The lawn's rolling began. It had a beginning in a temporal sense.

But let me reconsider sense 9 one more time. Definition: "begin or set in motion". If "start" here means "set in motion" (transitive), that's not our case. If it means "begin" (intransitive), then "the lawn began" (intransitive) + "rolling" (depictive?). Actually, "start rolling" is a serial verb or catenative construction.

In WordNet, I believe the catenative "start" (as in "start to cry", "start laughing") is typically sense 1 when agentive and sense 4 when non-agentive/eventive.

Wait, looking at the candidate list again, I see sense 13: "begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object" - examples: "begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot". This is transitive.

Sense 2: "set in motion, cause to start" - transitive.

Sense 8: "get going or set in motion" - transitive (engine, computer).

So for intransitive non-agentive subjects, the main candidates are 4, 9, 12.

Sense 12 requires the beginning to be "characterized in some specified way" - like "with a murder". "Rolling" is not a characterization of the beginning; it is the event that begins.

Sense 9: "begin or set in motion" - the subject of "begin" here would be the lawn. The lawn began. But the gloss "begin or set in motion" and synonyms "go, get going" suggest a focus on self-propelled or agentive motion.

Sense 4: "have a beginning" - the rolling of the lawn had a beginning. This seems the most natural.

Actually, I want to check if there's any possibility this is sense 7 (startle)? "The lawn started rolling" - no, "started" here clearly means began, not jumped in surprise.

What about sense 14? bulge outward? No.

Let me think about the paraphrase test:
- "the lawn began rolling like ocean waves" -> "begin" is sense 4 or 12.
- "the lawn started rolling" = "the lawn commenced rolling".

In WordNet, "begin" sense 1 (2:30:00) is "take the first step". "Begin" sense 4 (2:42:00) is "have a beginning".

For "It began to rain", WordNet typically maps to begin%2:42:00:: (have a beginning). I think "the lawn started rolling" should map to start%2:42:00:: (sense 4).

But wait, the target is "started" not "begin". And the candidate sense 4 is start%2:42:00::.

Let me verify by looking at the index. The user lists:
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro

Yes, this is the inchoative stative sense.

However, I want to make sure about sense 9:
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!

If the lawn is "setting itself in motion", that's odd. But if "start" means "go", then "the lawn went rolling" is somewhat grammatical but not quite right.

Actually, "get going" can be used for non-agentive things: "The party got going around 9pm". But that's idiomatic.

I think sense 4 is the safest and most accurate choice. The lawn's motion (rolling) began. It had a beginning in a temporal sense.

Wait, I should also consider sense 1 again. "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action". Could the lawn be "carrying out an action"? No, lawns don't carry out actions intentionally.

Sense 4 is the correct choice.

But let me reconsider one more time. Is there any chance it's sense 12? "have a beginning characterized in some specified way". The lawn's rolling is characterized as "like ocean waves". But the definition says "have a beginning characterized in some specified way" - the examples show "with a murder" or "with the three maple trees". The characterization is about the initial point, not the manner of the whole event. "The novel begins with a murder" = the beginning is characterized by a murder. "The lawn started rolling" - the beginning isn't characterized by rolling; the rolling is what begins. So no.

Therefore, sense 4.

Actually, I want to double-check one thing. In some WSD datasets, "start" in "get started" or "started to" is often sense 1. But for non-agentive subjects, it's different.

Let me think of a similar sentence: "The machine started working." Would that be sense 4 or 9? "The machine started" (intransitive, began operation). I think in WordNet, machines starting to work is sense 9? Or sense 4?

Machines are not agents, but they "get going". Sense 9 synonyms: "go, get going". "The machine goes" = operates. "The machine started" = began to operate. This could be sense 9.

But "the lawn" is not a machine. It's the ground. "The ground started shaking" - is that sense 9 (motion) or sense 4 (stative)?

Given that it's an earthquake, the ground is moving. Verb.motion (38) might be more appropriate than verb.stative (42).

However, "start" + present participle with a non-agentive subject is very commonly just the inchoative auxiliary-like verb. In many linguistic frameworks, "start" here is a semi-auxiliary or aspectual verb. In WordNet, which doesn't have a separate sense for aspectual "start", it would fall under the general inchoative sense (have a beginning).

Let me look at the exact wording of sense 4: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense". The rolling of the lawn had a temporal beginning. This fits perfectly.

Sense 9: "begin or set in motion". This is more about the act of starting rather than the state of having begun. But "started rolling" is a past tense describing the onset of the rolling.

I think I'll go with sense 4.

Wait, I just realized something. The example for sense 1 is "We began working at dawn". This is catenative (begin + V-ing). The subject is agentive. For non-agentive subjects with catenative complements, the parallel would be sense 4.

But actually, looking at WordNet online or standard mappings, "begin working" could be sense 1 (agentive) while "begin to rain" is sense 4 (non-agentive). The key is agentivity.

The lawn is non-agentive. So sense 4.

However, I want to check if "start" in earthquake contexts might be sense 7? No, that's startle.

Alright, I'm fairly confident it's sense 4. But let me reconsider sense 9 one last time. "I start at eight in the morning" - this is an activity beginning. "Ready, set, go!" - motion beginning. The lawn rolling is physical motion. Could it be that sense 9 is specifically for intransitive "begin" with activities, while sense 4 is for "have a beginning point"?

Actually, looking at the definition of sense 4: "have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense". This is about the location of the beginning (temporal or spatial). "The DMZ begins right over the hill" - spatial. "The second movement begins after the Allegro" - temporal. These are about where/when something begins, not about the inception of an action by a subject.

In contrast, "the lawn started rolling" is about the lawn entering into the state/action of rolling. It's an inchoative event.

Sense 9: "begin or set in motion". This is about initiating movement or activity. "I start at eight" - I initiate my work. "Ready, set, go!" - initiate movement.

For the lawn, it initiates (inchoative, not intentional) rolling. But WordNet might classify this as sense 9 because it's a verb.motion use.

Hmm, but "have a beginning" (sense 4) can also describe events beginning to occur. "The war began". The war is not an agent, but the event began. "The lawn started rolling" - the event of the lawn rolling began.

I think both 4 and 9 are plausible, but 4 is more general and better fits the inchoative aspectual use with non-agentive subjects. The examples for 9 ("I start at eight", "Ready, set, go!") are both agentive/imperative. The examples for 4 are non-agentive (DMZ, second movement). The lawn is non-agentive, like the DMZ and the second movement.

Therefore, sense 4.

Actually, wait. I want to look at sense 12 again. "have a beginning characterized in some specified way". Could "rolling like ocean waves" be the characterization? "The novel begins with a murder" - the content of the beginning is a murder. "My property begins with the three maple trees" - the spatial beginning is at the trees. "The lawn started rolling like ocean waves" - the lawn's beginning (of motion) was characterized by rolling like ocean waves? That's a stretch. The rolling is the event, not the characterization of the beginning.

So sense 4 is best.

Final check: The user says "Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense." and "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}."

I will return {"sense_index": 4}.

Wait, I want to be absolutely sure. Let me think about whether "started" here could be sense 1. "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action". The lawn is carrying out the action of rolling? No, the lawn is being acted upon by the earthquake. It's not an agent.

Could it be sense 2? "set in motion, cause to start" - transitive, causative. No.

Sense 3? "leave" - no.

Sense 5? "bring into being" - no.

Sense 6? "get off the ground" - no.

Sense 7? "move or jump suddenly" - startle. The lawn startled? No.

Sense 8? "get going or set in motion" - transitive. "We could not start the engine". The lawn is the subject, not object.

Sense 10? "begin work or acting in a certain capacity" - no.

Sense 11? "play in the starting lineup" - no.

Sense 13? "begin an event that is implied..." - transitive. "She started the soup". No.

Sense 14? "bulge outward" - no.

So it's between 4, 9, and 12.

Sense 12: "have a beginning characterized in some specified way". The "specified way" in the examples is introduced by "with". Our sentence doesn't have "with". It has the lawn itself as the subject of a new action. So 12 is out.

Between 4 and 9:
- 4: verb.stative, "have a beginning". Examples: The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro.
- 9: verb.motion, "begin or set in motion". Examples: I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!

The context is an earthquake. The lawn is moving. But "started" here is functioning as a temporal/inchoative marker. The parallel to "The second movement begins after the Allegro" is strong: an event (the second movement / the lawn rolling) begins.

However, "The second movement begins" is a direct intransitive use. "The lawn started rolling" has a catenative complement. Does sense 4 allow catenative complements? The definition doesn't specify, but "begin" certainly does.

Actually, looking at the synonyms for sense 4: "begin". And sense 1 also has "begin" as a synonym. So WordNet distinguishes two senses of "begin": agentive (sense 1) and stative/inchoative (sense 4). Since the lawn is not an agent, sense 4 is the right choice.

I will go with sense 4.

provider: SiliconFlow


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: roll
Target surface form: rolling
Context:
CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started <t>rolling</t> like ocean waves. We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=roll%2:38:00:: | definition=move by turning over or rotating | synonyms=turn over | examples=The child rolled down the hill; turn over on your left side
2. sense_key=roll%2:38:01:: | definition=move along on or as if on wheels or a wheeled vehicle | synonyms=wheel | examples=The President's convoy rolled past the crowds
3. sense_key=roll%2:42:00:: | definition=occur in soft rounded shapes | synonyms=undulate | examples=The hills rolled past
4. sense_key=roll%2:35:05:: | definition=flatten or spread with a roller | synonyms=roll out | examples=roll out the paper
5. sense_key=roll%2:39:00:: | definition=emit, produce, or utter with a deep prolonged reverberating sound | examples=The thunder rolled; rolling drums
6. sense_key=roll%2:35:00:: | definition=arrange or or coil around | synonyms=wind, wrap, twine | examples=roll your hair around your finger; Twine the thread around the spool
7. sense_key=roll%2:35:01:: | definition=begin operating or running | examples=The cameras were rolling; The presses are already rolling
8. sense_key=roll%2:30:10:: | definition=shape by rolling | examples=roll a cigarette
9. sense_key=roll%2:29:06:: | definition=execute a roll, in tumbling | examples=The gymnasts rolled and jumped
10. sense_key=roll%2:40:00:: | definition=sell something to or obtain something from by energetic and especially underhanded activity | synonyms=hustle, pluck
11. sense_key=roll%2:38:10:: | definition=move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion | synonyms=undulate, flap, wave | examples=The curtains undulated; the waves rolled towards the beach
12. sense_key=roll%2:38:09:: | definition=move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment | synonyms=wander, swan, stray, tramp, roam, cast | examples=The gypsies roamed the woods; roving vagabonds
13. sense_key=roll%2:38:12:: | definition=move, rock, or sway from side to side | examples=The ship rolled on the heavy seas
14. sense_key=roll%2:38:11:: | definition=cause to move by turning over or in a circular manner of as if on an axis | synonyms=revolve | examples=She rolled the ball; They rolled their eyes at his words
15. sense_key=roll%2:32:00:: | definition=pronounce with a roll, of the phoneme /r/ | examples=She rolls her r's
16. sense_key=roll%2:30:08:: | definition=boil vigorously | synonyms=seethe | examples=The liquid was seething; The water rolled
17. sense_key=roll%2:30:06:: | definition=take the shape of a roll or cylinder | examples=the carpet rolled out; Yarn rolls well
18. sense_key=roll%2:30:07:: | definition=show certain properties when being rolled | synonyms=roll up | examples=The carpet rolls unevenly; dried-out tobacco rolls badly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "rolling" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The sentence is: "Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started <t>rolling</t> like ocean waves."
 - This is describing an earthquake scenario (based on the surrounding context mentioning "tremor" and "threw me in the air").
 - The lawn is moving "like ocean waves" - this suggests a wavy, undulating motion.

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. roll%2:38:00:: - move by turning over or rotating (like a ball rolling down a hill) - doesn't fit, the lawn isn't rotating
 2. roll%2:38:01:: - move along on wheels - doesn't fit
 3. roll%2:42:00:: - occur in soft rounded shapes (The hills rolled past) - this is about appearance/shape, not motion
 4. roll%2:35:05:: - flatten with a roller - doesn't fit
 5. roll%2:39:00:: - emit sound (thunder rolled) - doesn't fit
 6. roll%2:35:00:: - arrange or coil around - doesn't fit
 7. roll%2:35:01:: - begin operating - doesn't fit
 8. roll%2:30:10:: - shape by rolling - doesn't fit
 9. roll%2:29:06:: - execute a roll in tumbling - doesn't fit
 10. roll%2:40:00:: - sell something (hustle) - doesn't fit
 11. roll%2:38:10:: - move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion | synonyms=undulate, flap, wave | examples=The curtains undulated; the waves rolled towards the beach
 12. roll%2:38:09:: - move about aimlessly (wander) - doesn't fit
 13. roll%2:38:12:: - move, rock, or sway from side to side (ship rolled on heavy seas) - possible, but "like ocean waves" suggests more of an undulating pattern
 14. roll%2:38:11:: - cause to move by turning over - doesn't fit (this is transitive)
 15. roll%2:32:00:: - pronounce with a roll - doesn't fit
 16. roll%2:30:08:: - boil vigorously - doesn't fit
 17. roll%2:30:06:: - take the shape of a roll - doesn't fit
 18. roll%2:30:07:: - show certain properties when being rolled - doesn't fit

 The best candidates are:
 - Sense 11: move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion (undulate, wave) - "The waves rolled towards the beach"
 - Sense 13: move, rock, or sway from side to side - "The ship rolled on the heavy seas"

 However, the context specifically mentions "like ocean waves" which directly connects to sense 11's example "the waves rolled towards the beach". The motion described is the lawn undulating/waving like ocean waves during an earthquake.

 Sense 11 (roll%2:38:10::) is defined as "move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion" with synonyms "undulate, flap, wave". This perfectly matches the context of the lawn moving like ocean waves.

 Sense 13 is more about side-to-side swaying (like a ship), which is different from the wave-like motion described.

 Therefore, the best sense is index 11.

 Wait, let me check the indexing. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=roll%2:38:00::
 2. sense_key=roll%2:38:01::
 3. sense_key=roll%2:42:00::
 4. sense_key=roll%2:35:05::
 5. sense_key=roll%2:39:00::
 6. sense_key=roll%2:35:00::
 7. sense_key=roll%2:35:01::
 8. sense_key=roll%2:30:10::
 9. sense_key=roll%2:29:06::
 10. sense_key=roll%2:40:00::
 11. sense_key=roll%2:38:10::
 12. sense_key=roll%2:38:09::
 13. sense_key=roll%2:38:12::
 14. sense_key=roll%2:38:11::
 15. sense_key=roll%2:32:00::
 16. sense_key=roll%2:30:08::
 17. sense_key=roll%2:30:06::
 18. sense_key=roll%2:30:07::

 So sense 11 is roll%2:38:10:: which is "move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion".

 This matches perfectly: "the lawn started rolling like ocean waves" - this is describing the ground undulating in waves during an earthquake.

 I should return {"sense_index": 11}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Chutes

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ocean
Target surface form: ocean
Context:
CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like <t>ocean</t> waves. We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ocean%1:17:00:: | definition=a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere
2. sense_key=ocean%1:23:00:: | definition=anything apparently limitless in quantity or volume | synonyms=sea

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ocean" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The sentence is: "Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like <t>ocean</t> waves."
- This is describing an earthquake scenario (tremor mentioned later)
- The lawn is rolling like ocean waves
- This is a simile comparing the movement of the lawn during an earthquake to ocean waves

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ocean%1:17:00:: | definition=a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere
   - This is the literal sense - the physical body of water (Atlantic, Pacific, etc.)

2. sense_key=ocean%1:23:00:: | definition=anything apparently limitless in quantity or volume | synonyms=sea
   - This is a metaphorical sense meaning a vast/limitless quantity

Analysis:
The phrase "like ocean waves" is comparing the rolling motion of the lawn to the waves of the ocean. Here, "ocean" is being used to describe the type of waves - waves that are characteristic of the ocean (large body of water).

The comparison is to the physical waves of the ocean, not to a limitless quantity. The waves are being compared to the waves found in the ocean (sense 1), not to a metaphorical "sea" of something limitless.

Sense 2 ("anything apparently limitless in quantity or volume") doesn't fit because:
- The context is about physical waves rolling
- It's not referring to a limitless quantity of something
- The synonym "sea" in sense 2 is used in expressions like "a sea of troubles" meaning a vast amount, but here "ocean waves" refers specifically to waves of the ocean body of water

Sense 1 fits because:
- "Ocean waves" refers to waves of the ocean (the large body of water)
- The rolling lawn is being compared to the waves of the ocean
- This is a literal reference to the physical characteristics of the ocean (its waves)

Therefore, the correct sense is sense 1 (ocean%1:17:00::).

Wait, let me reconsider. The instruction says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}" but the candidate senses are numbered 1 and 2. So I should return {"sense_index": 1} or {"sense_index": 2}.

The user says "Choose the single best indexed sense" and the candidates are labeled 1 and 2. So I should return the index number.

My choice is sense 1.

But let me double-check sense 2. Sense 2 is "anything apparently limitless in quantity or volume" with synonym "sea". This would be used in contexts like "an ocean of grain" or "oceans of time".

In "ocean waves", we are referring to waves of the ocean (the body of water), not waves that are limitless in quantity. The waves are being compared to the waves found in the ocean (the large body of water).

Yes, sense 1 is correct.

The JSON should be: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wave
Target surface form: waves
Context:
CALLIOPE: Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean <t>waves</t>. We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wave%1:11:01:: | definition=one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water) | synonyms=moving ridge
2. sense_key=wave%1:04:02:: | definition=a movement like that of a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon | examples=a wave of settlers; troops advancing in waves
3. sense_key=wave%1:11:00:: | definition=(physics) a movement up and down or back and forth | synonyms=undulation
4. sense_key=wave%1:11:02:: | definition=something that rises rapidly | examples=a wave of emotion swept over him; there was a sudden wave of buying before the market closed
5. sense_key=wave%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of signaling by a movement of the hand | synonyms=waving, wafture
6. sense_key=wave%1:08:00:: | definition=a hairdo that creates undulations in the hair
7. sense_key=wave%1:25:00:: | definition=an undulating curve | synonyms=undulation
8. sense_key=wave%1:19:00:: | definition=a persistent and widespread unusual weather condition (especially of unusual temperatures) | examples=a heat wave
9. sense_key=wave%1:18:00:: | definition=a member of the women's reserve of the United States Navy; originally organized during World War II but now no longer a separate branch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "waves" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- "Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean <t>waves</t>."
- The lawn is rolling like ocean waves.
- This is describing an earthquake (tremor mentioned later: "the next tremor threw me in the air").

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=wave%1:11:01:: | definition=one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water) | synonyms=moving ridge
   - This refers to water waves, ocean waves. The context explicitly mentions "ocean waves" as a simile for how the lawn was rolling. This seems like the primary literal meaning being invoked.

2. sense_key=wave%1:04:02:: | definition=a movement like that of a sudden occurrence or increase in a specified phenomenon | examples=a wave of settlers; troops advancing in waves
   - This is metaphorical - a wave of people, a wave of emotion. Not applicable here.

3. sense_key=wave%1:11:00:: | definition=(physics) a movement up and down or back and forth | synonyms=undulation
   - This is a physics definition - could apply to seismic waves, but the context specifically says "like ocean waves", suggesting the water wave sense is being used as a comparison.

4. sense_key=wave%1:11:02:: | definition=something that rises rapidly | examples=a wave of emotion swept over him; there was a sudden wave of buying before the market closed
   - Again, metaphorical usage for sudden increases.

5. sense_key=wave%1:10:01:: | definition=the act of signaling by a movement of the hand | synonyms=waving, wafture
   - Hand waving. Not applicable.

6. sense_key=wave%1:08:00:: | definition=a hairdo that creates undulations in the hair
   - Hair waves. Not applicable.

7. sense_key=wave%1:25:00:: | definition=an undulating curve | synonyms=undulation
   - Geometric curve. Not applicable.

8. sense_key=wave%1:19:00:: | definition=a persistent and widespread unusual weather condition (especially of unusual temperatures) | examples=a heat wave
   - Weather phenomenon. Not applicable.

9. sense_key=wave%1:18:00:: | definition=a member of the women's reserve of the United States Navy; originally organized during World War II but now no longer a separate branch
   - Military personnel. Not applicable.

The key here is that the text says "rolling like ocean waves". This is a simile comparing the rolling lawn to ocean waves. The sense being referenced is the literal water wave sense (sense 1), even though it's being used in a simile about an earthquake.

However, looking closely at sense 3: "(physics) a movement up and down or back and forth" - this could potentially describe the seismic wave/ground motion. But the text specifically says "like ocean waves", which strongly points to sense 1 (water waves).

The phrase "ocean waves" is explicitly mentioned, which clearly points to sense 1: "one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)".

Even though the overall context is about an earthquake, the specific usage of "waves" here is in the simile "like ocean waves", referring to the appearance of water waves.

Therefore, the best sense is sense 1 (index 1).

Wait, let me double-check the sense indices provided:
1. sense_key=wave%1:11:01::
2. sense_key=wave%1:04:02::
3. sense_key=wave%1:11:00::
4. sense_key=wave%1:11:02::
5. sense_key=wave%1:10:01::
6. sense_key=wave%1:08:00::
7. sense_key=wave%1:25:00::
8. sense_key=wave%1:19:00::
9. sense_key=wave%1:18:00::

So sense 1 is the water wave sense.

Actually, looking at the WordNet sense keys:
- wave%1:11:01:: is "moving ridge" (water waves)
- wave%1:11:00:: is "undulation" (physics)

The context mentions "ocean waves" specifically. This is clearly referring to water waves.

Therefore, the answer should be sense_index: 1.

But let me reconsider. The sentence says "the lawn started rolling like ocean waves". Is it possible that sense 3 (physics - movement up and down or back and forth) is better?

Sense 3 is defined as "(physics) a movement up and down or back and forth" with synonym "undulation". This could describe the motion of the ground during an earthquake.

However, the phrase "ocean waves" explicitly invokes the water wave imagery. The lawn is rolling in a way that resembles ocean waves (ridges moving across the surface). This is a direct reference to the visual appearance of water waves (sense 1).

In WSD tasks, when a word is used in a simile "like X", we typically tag it with the sense of X that fits the comparison. Here, "ocean waves" refers to the water waves.

Therefore, sense 1 is correct.

One more check: could it be sense 7 "an undulating curve"? No, that's a geometric shape, not the dynamic movement described.

Could it be sense 4 "something that rises rapidly"? No, that's for things like "a wave of emotion" or "heat wave" in the sense of trend, though actually sense 8 is the heat wave weather condition. Sense 4 examples show "a wave of emotion", "a wave of buying" - these are metaphorical waves, not the physical water waves being referenced here.

The comparison is to the physical appearance of ocean waves (water surface waves).

Answer: sense_index 1.

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: run
Target surface form: ran
Context:
Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean waves. We <t>ran</t> into the house to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet. We are all fine here, although Mame was extremely freaked.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=run%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time | examples=Don't run--you'll be out of breath; The children ran to the store
2. sense_key=run%2:38:04:: | definition=flee; take to one's heels; cut and run | synonyms=scat, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it | examples=If you see this man, run!; The burglars escaped before the police showed up
3. sense_key=run%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=go, pass, lead, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
4. sense_key=run%2:41:02:: | definition=direct or control; projects, businesses, etc. | synonyms=operate | examples=She is running a relief operation in the Sudan
5. sense_key=run%2:42:04:: | definition=have a particular form | synonyms=go | examples=the story or argument runs as follows; as the saying goes...
6. sense_key=run%2:38:01:: | definition=move along, of liquids | synonyms=flow, feed, course | examples=Water flowed into the cave; the Missouri feeds into the Mississippi
7. sense_key=run%2:35:00:: | definition=perform as expected when applied | synonyms=function, work, operate, go | examples=The washing machine won't go unless it's plugged in; Does this old car still run well?
8. sense_key=run%2:42:07:: | definition=change or be different within limits | synonyms=range | examples=Estimates for the losses in the earthquake range as high as $2 billion; Interest rates run from 5 to 10 percent
9. sense_key=run%2:33:06:: | definition=run, stand, or compete for an office or a position | synonyms=campaign | examples=Who's running for treasurer this year?
10. sense_key=run%2:36:01:: | definition=cause to emit recorded audio or video | synonyms=play | examples=They ran the tapes over and over again; I'll play you my favorite record
11. sense_key=run%2:38:11:: | definition=move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way | examples=who are these people running around in the building?; She runs around telling everyone of her troubles
12. sense_key=run%2:42:01:: | definition=have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined | synonyms=tend, be given, lean, incline | examples=She tends to be nervous before her lectures; These dresses run small
13. sense_key=run%2:35:04:: | definition=be operating, running or functioning | examples=The car is still running--turn it off!
14. sense_key=run%2:30:03:: | definition=change from one state to another | examples=run amok; run rogue
15. sense_key=run%2:30:07:: | definition=cause to perform | examples=run a subject; run a process
16. sense_key=run%2:42:02:: | definition=be affected by; be subjected to | examples=run a temperature; run a risk
17. sense_key=run%2:42:03:: | definition=continue to exist | synonyms=prevail, persist, die hard, endure | examples=These stories die hard; The legend of Elvis endures
18. sense_key=run%2:42:06:: | definition=occur persistently | examples=Musical talent runs in the family
19. sense_key=run%2:41:00:: | definition=carry out a process or program, as on a computer or a machine | synonyms=execute | examples=Run the dishwasher; run a new program on the Mac
20. sense_key=run%2:36:02:: | definition=include as the content; broadcast or publicize | synonyms=carry | examples=We ran the ad three times; This paper carries a restaurant review
21. sense_key=run%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out | examples=run an errand
22. sense_key=run%2:35:01:: | definition=pass over, across, or through | synonyms=guide, draw, pass | examples=He ran his eyes over her body; She ran her fingers along the carved figurine
23. sense_key=run%2:42:08:: | definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | synonyms=lead | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
24. sense_key=run%2:41:01:: | definition=make without a miss
25. sense_key=run%2:40:06:: | definition=deal in illegally, such as arms or liquor | synonyms=black market
26. sense_key=run%2:38:10:: | definition=cause an animal to move fast | examples=run the dogs
27. sense_key=run%2:38:08:: | definition=be diffused | synonyms=bleed | examples=These dyes and colors are guaranteed not to run
28. sense_key=run%2:38:03:: | definition=sail before the wind
29. sense_key=run%2:38:05:: | definition=cover by running; run a certain distance | examples=She ran 10 miles that day
30. sense_key=run%2:42:05:: | definition=extend or continue for a certain period of time | synonyms=run for | examples=The film runs 5 hours
31. sense_key=run%2:41:04:: | definition=set animals loose to graze
32. sense_key=run%2:38:02:: | definition=keep company | synonyms=consort | examples=the heifers run with the bulls to produce offspring
33. sense_key=run%2:38:06:: | definition=run with the ball; in such sports as football
34. sense_key=run%2:38:13:: | definition=travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means | examples=Run to the store!; She always runs to Italy, because she has a lover there
35. sense_key=run%2:38:09:: | definition=travel a route regularly | synonyms=ply | examples=Ships ply the waters near the coast
36. sense_key=run%2:33:02:: | definition=pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals) | synonyms=hunt, hunt down, track down | examples=Goering often hunted wild boars in Poland; The dogs are running deer
37. sense_key=run%2:33:01:: | definition=compete in a race | synonyms=race | examples=he is running the Marathon this year; let's race and see who gets there first
38. sense_key=run%2:30:02:: | definition=progress by being changed | synonyms=move, go | examples=The speech has to go through several more drafts; run through your presentation before the meeting
39. sense_key=run%2:30:00:: | definition=reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state, usually by heating | synonyms=melt, melt down | examples=melt butter; melt down gold
40. sense_key=run%2:30:01:: | definition=come unraveled or undone as if by snagging | synonyms=ladder | examples=Her nylons were running
41. sense_key=run%2:30:04:: | definition=become undone | synonyms=unravel | examples=the sweater unraveled

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "ran" (past tense of "run") in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The scene describes an earthquake ("the lawn started rolling like ocean waves", "the next tremor threw me in the air")
 - The subjects (Judy and the narrator) were in the back yard when the earthquake started
 - They moved into the house to get Mame (presumably a pet or person)
 - The movement was rapid and in response to danger

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. run%2:38:00:: - move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time
    - Examples: "Don't run--you'll be out of breath; The children ran to the store"
    - This fits: they moved quickly on foot into the house due to the earthquake

 2. run%2:38:04:: - flee; take to one's heels; cut and run
    - Synonyms: scat, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it
    - Examples: "If you see this man, run!; The burglars escaped before the police showed up"
    - While they were escaping danger, this sense implies fleeing/escaping from a threat in a more specific "escape" sense. However, looking at the context, they ran "into the house to get Mame" - this suggests purposeful movement to retrieve someone, not just fleeing. But they were definitely moving fast due to danger.

 Let me compare 1 and 2 more carefully:
 - Sense 1 is the basic "move fast on feet" sense
 - Sense 2 is specifically "flee; take to one's heels; cut and run"

 In the context: "We ran into the house to get Mame"
 - This is rapid movement on foot (sense 1)
 - Is it fleeing? They were escaping the earthquake, but the immediate action was going into the house to get Mame, not necessarily fleeing the scene entirely. However, the motivation was clearly to escape the danger outside.

 But looking at the examples for sense 2: "If you see this man, run!" and "The burglars escaped before the police showed up" - these suggest running away from something threatening.

 In the earthquake context, they are indeed fleeing from the danger of the earthquake. However, sense 1 is the more general "move fast" sense that encompasses running into a house.

 Let me check other senses:

 34. run%2:38:13:: - travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means
    - Examples: "Run to the store!; She always runs to Italy, because she has a lover there"
    - This is broader than sense 1 (which specifies using feet)
    - But in the context, they clearly ran on foot, and sense 1 is more specific and appropriate.

 37. run%2:33:01:: - compete in a race
    - Not applicable

 29. run%2:38:05:: - cover by running; run a certain distance
    - Example: "She ran 10 miles that day"
    - This emphasizes the distance/coverage aspect, not the emergency aspect

 Between sense 1 and sense 2:
 The key distinction is that sense 2 (flee) has synonyms like "scat, scarper, turn tail, lam, run away, hightail it" which imply escaping from danger or a threat. The context involves an earthquake - definitely a dangerous situation where one would flee.

 However, looking closely at the definition of sense 1: "move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time" - this is the basic locomotive sense.

 The question is whether "ran into the house" during an earthquake is better categorized as sense 1 (basic fast movement) or sense 2 (fleeing).

 In WordNet, sense 2 is specifically for fleeing/escaping. The example "If you see this man, run!" suggests escaping from a threat. The burglars example also suggests escaping capture.

 In the given context, they are moving to safety (into the house) during an earthquake. This could be seen as fleeing the earthquake.

 But let's look at the gloss for sense 1 again: it's the general "move fast by using one's feet" sense. This is the prototypical running sense.

 Actually, looking at WordNet's organization, sense 1 (run%2:38:00::) is usually the most common sense - the basic motion verb. Sense 2 is the "flee" specific sense.

 In the context "We ran into the house to get Mame", the primary meaning is that they moved quickly on foot into the house. While the motivation was escape from the earthquake, the specific action described is the rapid locomotion.

 However, sense 2 might be more precise because:
 - The context is clearly one of danger/emergency (earthquake)
 - The synonyms for sense 2 (scarper, turn tail, hightail it) fit the urgency
 - "Flee" doesn't necessarily mean running away from the scene entirely; it can mean moving quickly to safety

 But wait - "flee" typically means to run away from something. They ran INTO the house, not away from it. While they were fleeing the earthquake, they were running toward the house. Sense 2 might be less appropriate because it implies running away (escaping), whereas here they are running to retrieve Mame.

 Actually, looking at sense 2's definition again: "flee; take to one's heels; cut and run" - these all suggest running away from a place. But they ran INTO the house.

 Sense 1: "move fast by using one's feet" - this works for running into a house, running to the store, etc.

 Also, check sense 34: "travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means" - examples include "Run to the store!" which is similar to running into the house. But sense 1 is more specific about using feet, which is appropriate here.

 Between 1 and 34:
 Sense 1 specifies "with one foot off the ground at any given time" which is the technical definition of running (as opposed to walking). Given that this is describing physical movement during an earthquake, sense 1 seems most appropriate.

 However, I should check if there's any other sense that fits better.

 Sense 11: "move about freely and without restraint, or act as if running around in an uncontrolled way" - examples suggest random movement, not purposeful running into a house.

 Sense 36: "pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals)" - hunting sense, not applicable.

 Sense 33: "run with the ball; in such sports as football" - not applicable.

 So it's between sense 1 and sense 2.

 Let me reconsider the distinction. In WordNet:
 - Sense 1: run (move fast by foot)
 - Sense 2: run away (flee)

 The key question: Is "ran" in "We ran into the house" during an earthquake an instance of fleeing (sense 2) or just moving fast (sense 1)?

 Given that:
 1. They were responding to an immediate threat (earthquake)
 2. The movement was urgent and intended to reach safety/save someone
 3. The synonyms for sense 2 include "hightail it" which fits the urgency

 BUT the phrase "ran into the house" describes the direction and manner of movement, not necessarily the act of fleeing. However, the context makes it clear they were fleeing the earthquake.

 Actually, looking at WordNet examples for sense 2: "The burglars escaped before the police showed up" - this is about escaping. "If you see this man, run!" - this is about escaping danger.

 In the text: "the lawn started rolling like ocean waves. We ran into the house..." - this is clearly fleeing from the earthquake.

 However, sense 1 is the hypernym of sense 2 in some ways. But WordNet lists them as separate senses.

 Let me check the indices. Sense 1 is run%2:38:00:: and Sense 2 is run%2:38:04::. The numbering suggests sense 1 is the primary sense.

 In many WSD datasets, "run" in the sense of "run away" is distinguished from "run" as in "run to the store."

 Given that they ran INTO the house (toward shelter) rather than away from a threat locationally, but they were fleeing the earthquake, I think sense 1 is safer. But sense 2 is also defensible.

 Wait, looking at the examples for sense 1: "The children ran to the store" - this is purposive movement, not fleeing.
 Examples for sense 2: "If you see this man, run!" - fleeing danger.

 In the context, they are in danger and moving quickly to safety. This aligns with sense 2 (fleeing).

 But "flee" usually means to run away from a place of danger to escape it. They were outside, the ground was rolling (danger), they ran inside. This is fleeing.

 However, the specific phrasing "ran into the house to get Mame" emphasizes the purpose (getting Mame) as much as the fleeing.

 Let me look at the exact wording again: "We ran into the house to get Mame"

 If this were sense 2 (flee), it might be "We ran from the earthquake" or "We ran away." But they ran "into the house" - a destination.

 Sense 1 accommodates destinations well: "ran to the store", "ran into the house."
 Sense 2 is more about running away from: "run away", "cut and run", "turn tail."

 Therefore, sense 1 seems more appropriate because:
 1. It allows for a destination ("into the house")
 2. It describes the manner of movement (fast, on foot)
 3. While motivated by danger, the lexical sense is the basic motion verb

 Also, in WordNet, sense 2 (flee) is often used when the object of fleeing is explicit or strongly implied as what is being escaped from. Here, they are running TO the house, not explicitly AWAY FROM the earthquake (though that's implied).

 I think sense 1 (index 1) is the best choice.

 Wait, I should double-check if there's a sense for "run" meaning "to go quickly" in a general sense that might be sense 34.

 Sense 34: "travel rapidly, by any (unspecified) means" - examples: "Run to the store!; She always runs to Italy..."
 This could include driving, flying, etc. But in the context, they were in the back yard and ran into the house - clearly on foot. So sense 1 is better than 34.

 Therefore, I choose sense index 1.

 But let me reconsider sense 2 one more time. Is there any reason to prefer it?
 - The context is an earthquake (emergency)
 - "Scared family" is mentioned earlier
 - "Really horrible hour"
 - "Extremely freaked"

 The terror suggests fleeing. But the syntax "ran into the house" with the purpose "to get Mame" suggests a specific action of rapid locomotion rather than the escape sense.

 In WordNet, sense 2 is the "escape" sense. If they had said "We ran away," it would clearly be sense 2. But "ran into the house" is ambiguous between entering quickly (sense 1) and fleeing inside (sense 2).

 Given that sense 1 is the default motion sense and fits the syntactic frame with a destination, and sense 2 is more specialized for escaping/avoiding capture or danger without necessarily specifying a destination (though it can have one), I think sense 1 is correct.

 Final check: Are there any other senses?
 Sense 11: "move about freely... uncontrolled way" - no, this was purposeful.
 Sense 38: "progress by being changed" - no, that's metaphorical.
 Sense 6: "move along, of liquids" - no.

 So it's between 1 and 2. I'll go with 1.

 Actually, looking at the candidate list again, I see:
 1. sense_key=run%2:38:00:: | definition=move fast by using one's feet...
 2. sense_key=run%2:38:04:: | definition=flee...

 The numbers after the lemma (2:38:XX) indicate the lexicographer file (verb.motion) and then the specific sense.

 In many WSD annotation guidelines, if someone runs to a place because of danger, it's often annotated as sense 1 (the motion sense) unless the emphasis is specifically on escaping/fleeing. Here, the emphasis is on getting to Mame and the manner of movement during the earthquake.

 I think 1 is correct.

 One final thought: Could it be sense 34 (travel rapidly by any means)?
 "We ran into the house" - if they drove, it would be odd to say "into the house." Since they were in the back yard, they definitely went on foot. So sense 1 is better than 34.

 Decision: sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: house
Target surface form: house
Context:
Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean waves. We ran into the <t>house</t> to get Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet. We are all fine here, although Mame was extremely freaked.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=house%1:06:00:: | definition=a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families | examples=he has a house on Cape Cod; she felt she had to get out of the house
2. sense_key=house%1:14:01:: | definition=the members of a business organization that owns or operates one or more establishments | synonyms=firm, business firm | examples=he worked for a brokerage house
3. sense_key=house%1:14:04:: | definition=the members of a religious community living together
4. sense_key=house%1:14:03:: | definition=the audience gathered together in a theatre or cinema | examples=the house applauded; he counted the house
5. sense_key=house%1:14:02:: | definition=an official assembly having legislative powers | examples=a bicameral legislature has two houses
6. sense_key=house%1:14:00:: | definition=aristocratic family line | examples=the House of York
7. sense_key=house%1:04:00:: | definition=play in which children take the roles of father or mother or children and pretend to interact like adults | examples=the children were playing house
8. sense_key=house%1:15:00:: | definition=(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided | synonyms=sign of the zodiac, star sign, sign, mansion, planetary house
9. sense_key=house%1:14:06:: | definition=the management of a gambling house or casino | examples=the house gets a percentage of every bet
10. sense_key=house%1:14:05:: | definition=a social unit living together | synonyms=family, household, home, menage | examples=he moved his family to Virginia; It was a good Christian household
11. sense_key=house%1:06:02:: | definition=a building where theatrical performances or motion-picture shows can be presented | synonyms=theater, theatre | examples=the house was full
12. sense_key=house%1:06:01:: | definition=a building in which something is sheltered or located | examples=they had a large carriage house

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation on the word "house" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text describes an earthquake scenario ("the lawn started rolling like ocean waves", "the next tremor threw me in the air")
 - The speakers (Judy and narrator) were in the back yard
 - They ran into the "house" to get someone named Mame
 - The tremor affected them inside the house ("threw me in the air")
 - This is clearly referring to a physical building/dwelling where people live

 Candidate sense analysis:
 1. house%1:06:00:: - "a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families" - This fits perfectly. They ran into their home/dwelling.
 2. house%1:14:01:: - business organization - doesn't fit
 3. house%1:14:04:: - religious community - doesn't fit
 4. house%1:14:03:: - theatre audience - doesn't fit
 5. house%1:14:02:: - legislative assembly - doesn't fit
 6. house%1:14:00:: - aristocratic family line - doesn't fit
 7. house%1:04:00:: - children's play - doesn't fit
 8. house%1:15:00:: - astrology - doesn't fit
 9. house%1:14:06:: - gambling management - doesn't fit
 10. house%1:14:05:: - social unit living together (family/household) - While related, this refers to the people, not the building. The context says "ran into the house" which implies the physical structure.
 11. house%1:06:02:: - theatre building - doesn't fit (they were in a back yard, not a theatre)
 12. house%1:06:01:: - building where something is sheltered - this is more general, but sense 1 is specifically about dwellings/families living there, which fits better for a residential context.

 Sense 1 is the best fit: "a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families". The context clearly describes a residential dwelling (back yard, family members, running inside for safety during an earthquake).

 Sense 10 (social unit) is close but refers to the people/family unit, not the physical building. The phrase "ran into the house" clearly indicates the physical structure.

 Therefore, the answer is sense_index: 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: get
Target surface form: get
Context:
Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean waves. We ran into the house to <t>get</t> Mame, but the next tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet. We are all fine here, although Mame was extremely freaked.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=get%2:40:00:: | definition=come into the possession of something concrete or abstract | synonyms=acquire | examples=She got a lot of paintings from her uncle; They acquired a new pet
2. sense_key=get%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, go | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
3. sense_key=get%2:30:02:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=let, have | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
4. sense_key=get%2:30:03:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
5. sense_key=get%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, come | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
6. sense_key=get%2:35:03:: | definition=go or come after and bring or take back | synonyms=bring, convey, fetch | examples=Get me those books over there, please; Could you bring the wine?
7. sense_key=get%2:39:00:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, have | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
8. sense_key=get%2:33:00:: | definition=take vengeance on or get even | synonyms=pay back, pay off, fix | examples=We'll get them!; That'll fix him good!
9. sense_key=get%2:40:01:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
10. sense_key=get%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
11. sense_key=get%2:35:09:: | definition=succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase | synonyms=catch, capture | examples=We finally got the suspect; Did you catch the thief?
12. sense_key=get%2:29:01:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, produce, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
13. sense_key=get%2:29:00:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, take | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
14. sense_key=get%2:32:03:: | definition=communicate with a place or person; establish communication with, as if by telephone | examples=Bill called this number and he got Mary; The operator couldn't get Kobe because of the earthquake
15. sense_key=get%2:30:01:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=make | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
16. sense_key=get%2:32:08:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=drive, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
17. sense_key=get%2:31:09:: | definition=grasp with the mind or develop an understanding of | synonyms=catch | examples=did you catch that allusion?; We caught something of his theory in the lecture
18. sense_key=get%2:35:00:: | definition=attract and fix | synonyms=catch, arrest | examples=His look caught her; She caught his eye
19. sense_key=get%2:35:10:: | definition=reach with a blow or hit in a particular spot | synonyms=catch | examples=the rock caught her in the back of the head; The blow got him in the back
20. sense_key=get%2:31:03:: | definition=reach by calculation | examples=What do you get when you add up these numbers?
21. sense_key=get%2:40:14:: | definition=acquire as a result of some effort or action | examples=You cannot get water out of a stone; Where did she get these news?
22. sense_key=get%2:40:13:: | definition=purchase | examples=What did you get at the toy store?
23. sense_key=get%2:39:13:: | definition=perceive by hearing | synonyms=catch | examples=I didn't catch your name; She didn't get his name when they met the first time
24. sense_key=get%2:39:09:: | definition=suffer from the receipt of | synonyms=catch | examples=She will catch hell for this behavior!
25. sense_key=get%2:39:14:: | definition=receive as a retribution or punishment | synonyms=receive | examples=He got 5 years in prison
26. sense_key=get%2:38:15:: | definition=leave immediately; used usually in the imperative form | synonyms=scram, buzz off, fuck off, bugger off | examples=Scram!
27. sense_key=get%2:38:12:: | definition=reach and board | examples=She got the bus just as it was leaving
28. sense_key=get%2:37:12:: | definition=irritate | synonyms=get under one's skin | examples=Her childish behavior really get to me; His lying really gets me
29. sense_key=get%2:37:11:: | definition=evoke an emotional response | examples=Brahms's `Requiem' gets me every time
30. sense_key=get%2:36:14:: | definition=apprehend and reproduce accurately | synonyms=catch | examples=She really caught the spirit of the place in her drawings; She got the mood just right in her photographs
31. sense_key=get%2:36:00:: | definition=earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher | synonyms=draw | examples=He drew a base on balls
32. sense_key=get%2:35:12:: | definition=overcome or destroy | examples=The ice storm got my hibiscus; the cat got the goldfish
33. sense_key=get%2:31:10:: | definition=be a mystery or bewildering to | synonyms=perplex, vex, stick, puzzle, mystify, baffle | examples=This beats me!; Got me--I don't know the answer!
34. sense_key=get%2:30:12:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
35. sense_key=get%2:29:11:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, have | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
36. sense_key=get%2:29:08:: | definition=make children | synonyms=beget, engender, father, mother, sire, generate | examples=Abraham begot Isaac; Men often father children but don't recognize them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "get" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text describes an earthquake scenario
 - "We ran into the house to <t>get</t> Mame"
 - Mame appears to be a person (likely a family member or pet, given the context "Mame was extremely freaked")
 - The action is: running into the house with the purpose of getting Mame
 - This implies retrieving, fetching, or bringing Mame (moving Mame from inside the house to safety with the speakers)

 Looking at the candidate senses:

 1. acquire/possess - doesn't fit well, they're not trying to possess Mame, but retrieve/move her
 2. become - doesn't fit grammatically or semantically ("to become Mame"? no)
 3. cause to move/position - possible, but "get his squad on the ball" is about causing action, not fetching a person
 4. receive treatment - doesn't fit
 5. arrive - "to get to Chicago" - doesn't fit (they ran into the house to arrive Mame? no)
 6. go or come after and bring or take back - synonyms: bring, convey, fetch. Examples: "Get me those books over there" - This fits perfectly! They ran into the house to fetch/retrieve Mame.
 7. experience - doesn't fit
 8. take vengeance - doesn't fit
 9. achieve point - doesn't fit
 10. cause to act - doesn't fit (induce Mame to do something?)
 11. catch/seize after chase - possible, but fetching/retrieving is better
 12. grow/develop - doesn't fit
 13. contract illness - doesn't fit
 14. communicate - doesn't fit
 15. give properties - doesn't fit
 16. drive/aim discourse - doesn't fit
 17. grasp with mind - doesn't fit
 18. attract/fix - doesn't fit
 19. reach with blow - doesn't fit
 20. reach by calculation - doesn't fit
 21. acquire by effort - possible but less specific than sense 6
 22. purchase - doesn't fit
 23. perceive by hearing - doesn't fit
 24. suffer receipt - doesn't fit
 25. retribution - doesn't fit
 26. leave - doesn't fit
 27. reach and board - "get the bus" - not quite, they're not boarding Mame
 28. irritate - doesn't fit
 29. evoke emotion - doesn't fit
 30. apprehend/reproduce - doesn't fit
 31. earn base - doesn't fit
 32. overcome/destroy - doesn't fit
 33. bewilder - doesn't fit
 34. begin - doesn't fit
 35. undergo injuries - doesn't fit
 36. make children - doesn't fit

 Sense 6 seems the best fit: "go or come after and bring or take back" with synonyms bring, convey, fetch.

 The context: They ran into the house to fetch/retrieve Mame (bring her to safety).

 The example "Get me those books over there, please" is very similar in structure and meaning to "get Mame [from the house]".

 Therefore, the answer should be sense index 6.

 Wait, let me verify the sense_key format in the candidates. The user lists them as:
 6. sense_key=get%2:35:03:: | definition=go or come after and bring or take back | synonyms=bring, convey, fetch | examples=Get me those books over there, please; Could you bring the wine?

 Yes, that's index 6.

 So the JSON should be {"sense_index": 6}.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: next
Target surface form: next
Context:
Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean waves. We ran into the house to get Mame, but the <t>next</t> tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet. We are all fine here, although Mame was extremely freaked.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=next%5:00:00:succeeding:00 | definition=immediately following in time or order | synonyms=following | examples=the following day; next in line
2. sense_key=next%5:00:00:close:01 | definition=nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space | synonyms=adjacent, side by side | examples=had adjacent rooms; in the next room
3. sense_key=next%5:00:00:incoming:00 | definition=(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving | synonyms=future, succeeding | examples=our next president

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "next" in the given context.

Context analysis:
The text describes an earthquake scenario. The specific sentence is: "We ran into the house to get Mame, but the <t>next</t> tremor threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet."

Key elements:
- "next" modifies "tremor" (an earthquake tremor/shock)
- There was a previous tremor mentioned implicitly or explicitly (the lawn rolling like ocean waves was the first tremor, then they ran inside, then the "next" tremor occurred)
- This refers to a sequence in time - the tremor that followed the initial one

Candidate senses analysis:

1. sense_key=next%5:00:00:succeeding:00 | definition=immediately following in time or order | synonyms=following | examples=the following day; next in line
   - This fits temporal sequences. The "next tremor" means the tremor that immediately followed the previous one in time.
   - Examples include "the following day" which is temporal.

2. sense_key=next%5:00:00:close:01 | definition=nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space | synonyms=adjacent, side by side | examples=had adjacent rooms; in the next room
   - This is spatial. While "tremor" could theoretically be spatial, in this context it's clearly temporal - referring to the subsequent earthquake shock that happened after they ran inside.
   - The phrase "next tremor" in the context of an earthquake narrative refers to the next one in the sequence of events (time), not spatial proximity.

3. sense_key=next%5:00:00:incoming:00 | definition=(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving | synonyms=future, succeeding | examples=our next president
   - This is specifically for elected officers not yet serving. A tremor is not an elected officer, so this is clearly wrong.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice. The "next tremor" refers to the one immediately following in time (temporal sequence), which matches sense 1's definition "immediately following in time or order."

The context describes a sequence of events:
1. Lawn rolling like ocean waves (first tremor)
2. They ran into the house
3. The "next" tremor threw the narrator in the air

This is clearly temporal ordering.

I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tremor
Target surface form: tremor
Context:
Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed. Biggest trouble was scared family who couldn't get a phone line through, and spent a really horrible hour not knowing. 8:01 a.m. HLR: Judy and I were in our back yard when the lawn started rolling like ocean waves. We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next <t>tremor</t> threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet. We are all fine here, although Mame was extremely freaked.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tremor%1:04:00:: | definition=an involuntary vibration (as if from illness or fear) | synonyms=shudder
2. sense_key=tremor%1:11:00:: | definition=a small earthquake | synonyms=earth tremor, microseism
3. sense_key=tremor%1:26:00:: | definition=shaking or trembling (usually resulting from weakness or stress or disease)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "tremor" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text describes an earthquake scenario ("Albany escaped embarrassingly unscathed", "lawn started rolling like ocean waves", "threw me in the air and bounced me")
 - The specific sentence: "We ran into the house to get Mame, but the next <t>tremor</t> threw me in the air and bounced me as I tried to get to my feet."
 - This is clearly describing a seismic event (earthquake)

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:
 1. sense_key=tremor%1:04:00:: - definition=an involuntary vibration (as if from illness or fear) | synonyms=shudder
    - This refers to a physical shaking of a person due to illness or fear, not a geological event.

 2. sense_key=tremor%1:11:00:: - definition=a small earthquake | synonyms=earth tremor, microseism
    - This refers to a seismic event, which matches the context of the lawn rolling like ocean waves and people being thrown in the air.

 3. sense_key=tremor%1:26:00:: - definition=shaking or trembling (usually resulting from weakness or stress or disease)
    - This refers to a medical condition or physical state of shaking, not an earthquake.

 The context clearly describes an earthquake:
 - "lawn started rolling like ocean waves"
 - "threw me in the air and bounced me"
 - This is describing ground movement characteristic of an earthquake

 Therefore, sense 2 (a small earthquake) is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 2}

provider: Phala