[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: crime
Target surface form: Crime
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. <t>Crime</t> has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=crime%1:04:00:: | definition=(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act | synonyms=offense, criminal offense, criminal offence, offence, law-breaking | examples=a long record of crimes
2. sense_key=crime%1:04:01:: | definition=an evil act not necessarily punishable by law | examples=crimes of the heart

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "crime" with the surface form "Crime" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about Latin America, democracy, private enterprise, and worries/concerns.
- "Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment."
- This is referring to crime as a social issue/problem that people worry about, specifically in the context of Latin America.
- It's being compared to unemployment as a societal concern.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=crime%1:04:00:: | definition=(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act | synonyms=offense, criminal offense, criminal offence, offence, law-breaking | examples=a long record of crimes
2. sense_key=crime%1:04:01:: | definition=an evil act not necessarily punishable by law | examples=crimes of the heart

Wait, looking at the candidate senses provided:
- Sense 1: (criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act
- Sense 2: an evil act not necessarily punishable by law

But in the context "Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment", "crime" is being used as a mass noun or general concept referring to criminal activity in general as a social problem.

However, looking at the two senses provided:
Sense 1 seems to be the general sense of crime as acts punishable by law. The example "a long record of crimes" suggests individual acts, but the word can also be used collectively.
Sense 2 is specifically "an evil act not necessarily punishable by law" with the example "crimes of the heart" (which is metaphorical).

In the context of "Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment" in a survey/poll context about Latin America, this refers to crime as a general phenomenon - criminal acts/activity that is punishable by law. This aligns with sense 1, which is the standard legal/social meaning of crime as acts punishable by law.

Sense 2 ("crimes of the heart") is metaphorical and doesn't fit this journalistic/political context about Latin American social concerns.

Wait, I need to be careful. The user asks for the "single best indexed sense" and to return a JSON like {"sense_index": 3}. But there are only 2 candidate senses listed (1 and 2). The example shows index 3, but that might just be an example format. I should return the index of the chosen sense from the candidates provided.

The candidates are numbered 1 and 2. So the answer should be either {"sense_index": 1} or {"sense_index": 2}.

Given the context:
- "Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment" - This is about crime as a social issue, referring to criminal activity/acts that are illegal and punishable by law.
- Sense 1: "(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act" - This fits because the concern is about illegal acts (theft, murder, etc.) that are punishable by law.
- Sense 2: "an evil act not necessarily punishable by law" - This doesn't fit because the context is clearly about societal/legal crime, not metaphorical crimes.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

Wait, let me reconsider if there's any ambiguity. Could "crime" in this context be referring to the general concept rather than individual acts? Sense 1's definition says "an act punishable by law" (singular), but it's often used as a mass noun for the general phenomenon. The example "a long record of crimes" uses the plural for individual acts. However, WordNet sense 1 is typically the general sense that covers both individual criminal acts and the concept of crime as a category. Sense 2 is specifically for metaphorical or moral uses.

Actually, looking at WordNet more carefully:
- crime%1:04:00:: usually refers to the general concept or specific acts that are legally crimes.
- crime%1:04:01:: is specifically for "an evil act not necessarily punishable by law" - this is clearly not the legal/social meaning.

In the context of a survey about Latin America where crime is compared to unemployment, it's definitely sense 1.

So the answer is {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: worry
Target surface form: worry
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger <t>worry</t> than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=worry%1:09:00:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=concern, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
2. sense_key=worry%1:12:00:: | definition=a strong feeling of anxiety | synonyms=trouble | examples=his worry over the prospect of being fired; it is not work but worry that kills

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "worry" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- "Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment."
- This is comparing crime and unemployment as sources of concern/anxiety.
- The structure is "X is a bigger worry than Y" - here worry is being used as a noun referring to something that causes anxiety.

Candidate sense analysis:
1. sense_key=worry%1:09:00:: - definition: something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness - synonyms: concern, headache, vexation - examples: "New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry"
   - This fits well. Crime is something that causes anxiety. It's a source of unhappiness. The example "it's a major worry" matches the usage pattern here.

2. sense_key=worry%1:12:00:: - definition: a strong feeling of anxiety - synonyms: trouble - examples: "his worry over the prospect of being fired; it is not work but worry that kills"
   - This refers to the feeling itself, not the thing causing the feeling. In the sentence, crime is the thing causing the worry, not the feeling itself. If it were "His worry about crime...", that would be sense 2. But "Crime has become a bigger worry" means crime is the source/concern.

So sense 1 is correct. The word "worry" here refers to the thing that causes anxiety (crime), not the feeling of anxiety itself.

The index requested is the sense index from the candidate list. The candidates are numbered 1 and 2. So the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

Wait, let me double-check the WordNet sense keys to make sure I understand the indices correctly.
- worry%1:09:00:: is sense 1 in the list provided
- worry%1:12:00:: is sense 2 in the list provided

Yes, so the answer is index 1.

The user instructions say:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

So I need to return {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Phala

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brazil
Target surface form: Brazil
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And <t>Brazil</t> is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region. Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brazil%1:15:00:: | definition=the largest Latin American country and the largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the central and northeastern part of South America; world's leading coffee exporter | synonyms=Federative Republic of Brazil, Brasil
2. sense_key=brazil%1:13:00:: | definition=three-sided tropical American nut with white oily meat and hard brown shell | synonyms=brazil nut

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) for the word "Brazil" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text discusses "Support for democracy in Latin America"
- Mentions "Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment"
- States "And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region"
- Refers to "Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries"
- Published by The Economist

The target word "Brazil" is clearly referring to the country in South America, not the nut.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brazil%1:15:00:: - This refers to the country (the largest Latin American country, Portuguese speaking, etc.)
2. sense_key=brazil%1:13:00:: - This refers to the brazil nut (three-sided tropical American nut)

The context clearly talks about Brazil as a country being compared to the United States in terms of influence across Latin America. It's mentioned in the context of a poll about democracy in Latin America.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

The user wants me to return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3} - but with the correct index. Since the senses are numbered 1 and 2, and sense 1 is the country, I should return {"sense_index": 1}.

Wait, let me check the format again. The user says "Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}" - this is an example format. I need to replace 3 with the actual index of the best sense.

The senses are:
1. sense_key=brazil%1:15:00:: (country)
2. sense_key=brazil%1:13:00:: (nut)

The correct sense is 1.

So the answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Moonshot AI


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: united_states
Target surface form: United States
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the <t>United States</t> across much of the region. Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00:: | definition=North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776 | synonyms=United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00:: | definition=the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States | synonyms=United States government, U.S. government, U.S.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "united_states" with the surface form "United States" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about Latin America, democracy, private enterprise, crime, unemployment, and influence.
 - Specifically: "Brazil is seen as more influential than the <t>United States</t> across much of the region."
 - This is comparing Brazil (a country) with the United States in terms of influence in Latin America.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=united_states%1:15:00::
    - Definition: North American republic containing 50 states... achieved independence in 1776
    - Synonyms: United States of America, America, the States, US, USA
    - This refers to the country/geographic entity/nation itself.

 2. sense_key=united_states%1:14:00::
    - Definition: the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States
    - Synonyms: United States government, U.S. government, U.S.
    - This refers specifically to the government institutions.

 In the context: "Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States"
 - Brazil is a country (nation-state).
 - The comparison is between Brazil and the United States as actors in terms of influence in the region.
 - While one could argue this refers to the government (as governments exert influence), in common parlance when comparing countries like "Brazil is more influential than the United States," we are referring to the nations as whole entities, not specifically distinguishing between the government and the country.
 - However, looking closely: when we say a country is "influential" in international relations, we often mean the state/government actor. But sense 1 (the country) is the more general and common sense.
 - Actually, looking at WordNet sense keys:
   - %1:15:00:: refers to location/place (the geographic entity)
   - %1:14:00:: refers to government (the political entity)

 Wait, let me check WordNet hierarchy:
 - 1:15 is usually "location" or "region"
 - 1:14 is usually "group" or "organization" (government)

 In the sentence "Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States", Brazil refers to the country (the nation), and the United States is being compared to Brazil. This is a comparison between two nations/countries.

 Therefore, sense 1 (the country/republic) is the correct choice.

 The context mentions "Support for democracy", "private enterprise", "Crime", "unemployment" - these are characteristics of countries/regions, and the poll is comparing Brazil vs United States as nations in terms of influence.

 Sense 2 would be appropriate if the text was talking about specific government actions, policies, or the three branches of government. But here it's about national influence, which is an attribute of the country as a whole.

 Therefore, the best sense is sense 1 (index 1).

 Wait, I need to check the format. The user wants:
 {"sense_index": 3}

 But the candidate senses are numbered 1 and 2. So I should return:
 {"sense_index": 1}

 Let me double-check:
 - Sense 1: united_states%1:15:00:: (the country)
 - Sense 2: united_states%1:14:00:: (the government)

 Context: "Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States"
 - Brazil = country
 - United States = country (being compared to Brazil)
 - This is clearly referring to the nation-state as an entity, not specifically the government branches.

 Yes, sense 1 is correct.

provider: ModelRun


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: finding
Target surface form: findings
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region. Those are some of the <t>findings</t> of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist. Because the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, it tracks changes in attitude across the region.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=finding%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation | synonyms=determination | examples=the determination of molecular structures
2. sense_key=finding%1:04:01:: | definition=the decision of a court on issues of fact or law
3. sense_key=finding%1:17:00:: | definition=something that is found | examples=the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner; an area rich in archaeological findings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target word "findings" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about a poll (Latinobarómetro poll) conducted in 18 countries.
- It mentions "Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll"
- The poll tracks changes in attitude across the region.
- The findings refer to the results/outcomes of the poll - things that were discovered or determined through research.

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=finding%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation | synonyms=determination | examples=the determination of molecular structures
   - This refers to the ACT of determining, not the results. "Findings" in the context refers to the results of the poll, not the act of researching.

2. sense_key=finding%1:04:01:: | definition=the decision of a court on issues of fact or law
   - This is a legal sense. The context is about a poll, not a court decision. So this doesn't fit.

3. sense_key=finding%1:17:00:: | definition=something that is found | examples=the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate that he died several hours after dinner; an area rich in archaeological findings
   - This refers to things that are found/discovered. In the context, the "findings" are the results of the poll - things discovered through the research. The example "the findings in the gastrointestinal tract indicate..." is similar to how the poll findings indicate changes in attitude. This fits best.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 1. The definition says "the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation". But "findings" in plural usually refers to results, not the act. Sense 3 is "something that is found" - which would encompass results of research.

Actually, looking at WordNet, "finding" sense 1:04:00 is indeed the act/process, while 1:17:00 is the thing found. The context clearly refers to the results of the poll - the things discovered. "Those are some of the findings" - referring to the specific results mentioned (support for democracy edging up, crime becoming a bigger worry, Brazil seen as more influential). These are things that were found/discovered by the poll.

So sense 3 is the best fit.

The user wants only a JSON object: {"sense_index": 3}

I should not hedge, just return the JSON.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: poll
Target surface form: poll
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region. Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro <t>poll</t> taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist. Because the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, it tracks changes in attitude across the region.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=poll%1:09:00:: | definition=an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people | synonyms=opinion poll, public opinion poll, canvass
2. sense_key=poll%1:08:01:: | definition=the top of the head | synonyms=pate, crown
3. sense_key=poll%1:08:02:: | definition=the part of the head between the ears
4. sense_key=poll%1:05:00:: | definition=a tame parrot | synonyms=poll parrot
5. sense_key=poll%1:04:00:: | definition=the counting of votes (as in an election)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "poll" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about "Latinobarómetro poll"
 - It mentions "taken in 18 countries"
 - It mentions "tracks changes in attitude across the region"
 - It mentions "findings" related to support for democracy, crime worries, etc.
 - It mentions interviewing people about their opinions

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=poll%1:09:00:: | definition=an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people | synonyms=opinion poll, public opinion poll, canvass
    - This fits perfectly. The context describes a survey (Latinobarómetro) taken in 18 countries measuring public opinion about democracy, crime, etc.

 2. sense_key=poll%1:08:01:: | definition=the top of the head | synonyms=pate, crown
    - This is anatomical, doesn't fit the context.

 3. sense_key=poll%1:08:02:: | definition=the part of the head between the ears
    - Also anatomical, doesn't fit.

 4. sense_key=poll%1:05:00:: | definition=a tame parrot | synonyms=poll parrot
    - Animal, doesn't fit.

 5. sense_key=poll%1:04:00:: | definition=the counting of votes (as in an election)
    - This is about voting/elections. While related to democracy, the context specifically mentions "inquiry into public opinion" and "taken in 18 countries" measuring attitudes, not counting votes in an election. The Latinobarómetro is a well-known public opinion survey.

 The context clearly describes a public opinion survey: "inquiry into public opinion", "findings", "tracks changes in attitude", "taken in 18 countries".

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, let me double-check the sense indices. The user lists them as:
 1. sense_key=poll%1:09:00:: ...
 2. sense_key=poll%1:08:01:: ...
 3. sense_key=poll%1:08:02:: ...
 4. sense_key=poll%1:05:00:: ...
 5. sense_key=poll%1:04:00:: ...

 So the index is the number at the beginning of each candidate sense entry.

 Sense 1 is the public opinion poll sense.

 The answer should be: {"sense_index": 1}

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region. Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 <t>countries</t> and published exclusively by The Economist. Because the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, it tracks changes in attitude across the region.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "countries" in the given context. The target lemma is "country" and the surface form is "countries" (plural).

 Let me analyze the context:
 - "The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up..."
 - "Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 <t>countries</t> and published exclusively by The Economist."

 The word "countries" here refers to the 18 nations/states where the poll was conducted. The context is about a poll taken across multiple nations in Latin America.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
    - This refers to the political entity itself (the government/people organized politically)
    - Example: "African nations" - this refers to the political entities

 2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
    - This refers to the physical land/territory
    - Example: "he visited several European countries" - visiting the places

 3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
    - This refers to the population/people collectively

 4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
    - This is "country" as in countryside/rural area
    - Not relevant here

 5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country
    - This is a more general geographical region
    - Not quite right for nation-states

 Now, in the context "taken in 18 countries", we need to decide between sense 1 and sense 2 primarily.

 Sense 1 (country%1:14:00::): "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - emphasizes the political organization, the nation as a political entity.

 Sense 2 (country%1:15:00::): "the territory occupied by a nation" - emphasizes the physical land/territory.

 When we say a poll was taken "in 18 countries", we typically mean in 18 nation-states (political entities). However, we could also interpret it as the physical territories.

 But looking at the examples for sense 2: "he visited several European countries" - this could be ambiguous between the political entity and the territory.

 However, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
 - Sense 1 is under noun.group (14) - a group of people
 - Sense 2 is under noun.location (15) - a location/territory

 In the context of a poll being "taken in 18 countries", it most naturally refers to the political entities (nation-states) where the poll was conducted. The poll surveys people within those political jurisdictions.

 The phrase "18 countries" parallels "African nations" from example 1.

 Actually, looking more carefully:
 - "taken in 18 countries" - the preposition "in" suggests location/territory (sense 2), but can also mean "within the political boundaries of" (sense 1).

 However, the division between sense 1 and sense 2 in WordNet for "country" is notoriously tricky. Let me look at the examples again:

 Sense 1 examples: "the state has elected a new president; African nations"
 - Focus on the political organization/government aspect

 Sense 2 examples: "he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries"
 - Focus on the territory/land

 In the context of Latinobarómetro poll, which surveys public opinion across Latin America, "18 countries" refers to 18 nation-states (political entities). The poll is conducted within the jurisdictions of these states.

 However, "visited several European countries" (sense 2) is very similar to "taken in 18 countries". When we visit countries, we visit the territories. When we take polls in countries, we take them in the territories.

 But wait, sense 1 is "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - this is the abstract political entity.

 Sense 3 is "the people who live in a nation or country" - the populace.

 In the context "taken in 18 countries", it most closely matches sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation". The poll is geographically distributed across these territories.

 But actually, looking at standard WSD for "country", when referring to nation-states in contexts like "European countries", "Latin American countries", "18 countries", the typical sense is sense 2 (the territory) or sense 1 (the political entity).

 However, the example "he visited several European countries" is associated with sense 2. Our example "taken in 18 countries" is structurally similar - referring to geographical/political divisions where something happens.

 But sense 1 has "African nations" as an example, which is also similar.

 Let me think about the distinction:
 - Sense 1 emphasizes the political organization (the state/government/people organized politically)
 - Sense 2 emphasizes the land/territory itself

 When we say "the poll was taken in 18 countries", we mean it was conducted within the boundaries of 18 sovereign states. This aligns with sense 2 (territory), but could also be sense 1 (political entities).

 However, looking at the broader context: "Support for democracy in Latin America", "Brazil is seen as more influential", "across much of the region" - this is talking about political entities and their influence.

 But the specific phrase "taken in 18 countries" is about the locations where the poll was conducted.

 Actually, looking at WordNet mappings, "country" in the sense of "nation-state" as a political entity is sense 1, while "country" as the land is sense 2.

 In most WSD datasets (like SemCor), "countries" referring to multiple nations usually maps to sense 2 when it's about geographical locations, but can be sense 1 when emphasizing the political aspect.

 Wait, let me reconsider the examples:
 - Sense 1: "African nations" - this is parallel to "18 countries"
 - Sense 2: "he visited several European countries"

 Both could fit. But "African nations" groups them as political entities, while "visited... countries" focuses on the physical visiting of places.

 In "taken in 18 countries", the poll is administered within the territories (sense 2), but the countries are referred to as political units (sense 1).

 However, the example for sense 2 "he visited several European countries" is very close to our usage. When you take a poll "in" countries, you are operating within the geographical/territorial boundaries.

 But actually, looking carefully at the WordNet definitions:
 - Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - this is the COLLECTIVE (nation as a group)
 - Sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation" - this is the LOCATION

 In the sentence: "taken in 18 countries", the word "in" suggests location/place, which would favor sense 2 (territory).

 However, we could also say "taken by 18 countries" (if the countries were agents), which would favor sense 1 or 3.

 Given the preposition "in" and the parallel with "visited several European countries", sense 2 seems most appropriate.

 But wait, there's also sense 5: "a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary". No, that's for things like "cattle country" or "Bible country".

 Let me double-check the sense keys and indices:
 1. country%1:14:00:: - noun.group (14)
 2. country%1:15:00:: - noun.location (15)
 3. country%1:14:01:: - noun.group (14) - the people
 4. country%1:15:01:: - noun.location (15) - rural area
 5. country%1:15:02:: - noun.location (15) - geographical region

 So it's between sense 1 (political entity) and sense 2 (territory).

 The phrase "18 countries" refers to 18 separate nation-states. In the context of surveys and polls, "countries" typically refers to the political entities (sense 1).

 However, looking at the example for sense 2: "he visited several European countries" - visiting involves physically going to the territory.

 For a poll "taken in" countries, it's ambiguous, but leans toward territory (sense 2) due to "in".

 But actually, in standard lexicographic practice for WordNet:
 - Sense 1 = nation (political unit)
 - Sense 2 = country (land/territory)

 Example: "the country" (rural) is sense 4.
 Example: "European countries" is often sense 2.

 However, I recall that in many WSD systems, "countries" as in "many countries" or "several countries" when referring to sovereign states is often mapped to sense 1 (the political entity/nation).

 Let me look at the definition of sense 1 again: "a politically organized body of people under a single government"
 This is essentially "nation-state" as a political concept.

 Sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation" - the physical land.

 In the context: "Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries". The Latinobarómetro is a survey of public opinion in Latin America. It covers 18 countries (nations). The text mentions "Latin America", "Brazil", "United States" - these are political entities.

 The phrase "18 countries" is listing the political jurisdictions where the poll was conducted.

 I think sense 1 is slightly better because:
 1. It aligns with "African nations" example
 2. The context discusses political concepts: democracy, private enterprise, influence of Brazil vs US, elected governments (implied)
 3. While "in" suggests location, the enumeration "18 countries" emphasizes the political entities as units of analysis

 However, sense 2 is also very strong because:
 1. "visited several European countries" is almost identical syntactically and semantically to "taken in 18 countries"
 2. "in" strongly suggests a location reading

 But looking at the WordNet examples again:
 Sense 1: "African nations" - plural, similar to "18 countries"
 Sense 2: "he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries"

 The first example for sense 2 emphasizes "land" (territory). The second example "visited several European countries" is about traveling to places.

 Taking a poll "in" a country is about conducting it within the territorial boundaries, so sense 2 fits well.

 However, in many NLP datasets, when "countries" means "nations" in the geopolitical sense, it's sense 1.

 Let me reconsider the distinction between sense 1 and sense 3:
 Sense 1: the political body/organization (the state)
 Sense 3: the people who live there (the nation/populace)

 Neither of these fits "taken in 18 countries" as well as sense 2 (territory), because polls are conducted in places (territories).

 But wait, we can also say "taken by 18 countries" (if the governments took them) or "taken from 18 countries" (from the people).

 "Taken in" really does suggest location.

 Therefore, sense 2 (country%1:15:00::) is likely the correct answer.

 But I'm not entirely sure. Let me think about "the latest Latinobarómetro poll". Latinobarómetro is an annual public opinion survey that involves thousands of interviews in 18 Latin American countries. It asks people about their views on democracy, economy, etc.

 So "18 countries" here means 18 nation-states.

 In WordNet, for "country", the distinction between sense 1 and sense 2 is often described as:
 - Sense 1: the political entity (comparable to "nation", "state")
 - Sense 2: the geographical area (comparable to "land")

 Given that the text is talking about political attitudes and comparing political influence (Brazil vs US), and refers to "Latin America" as a region comprising these political units, sense 1 (the political entity) seems more salient than sense 2 (the land).

 However, the phrase "taken in 18 countries" is primarily locative.

 Actually, looking at the examples provided in the question:
 Sense 2 examples: "he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries"

 Our example: "taken in 18 countries"

 If we substitute: "taken in several European countries" - this sounds like it matches sense 2.

 Also, note that sense 1 examples include "the state has elected a new president" (focusing on government) and "African nations" (focusing on the political grouping).

 "18 countries" is more like a list of places where the poll was conducted, similar to visiting places.

 Also, looking at sense 5: "a particular geographical region... Bible country" - this is different, it's about regions within countries or cultural regions, not sovereign states.

 So it's between 1 and 2.

 I think the safest answer is sense 2, because:
 1. The preposition "in" selects for location/territory
 2. The example "visited several European countries" is directly parallel
 3. While the broader context is political, the specific usage is geographical/locative

 However, I should check if there's any possibility it's sense 1. If the text said "18 countries agreed to..." that would be sense 1 (the governments). But "taken in" suggests the poll was administered within the territories.

 Therefore, I will go with sense 2.

 Wait, one more check: WordNet sense 1 is "a politically organized body of people under a single government". This is the primary sense of "country" as a nation-state.

 In the Oxford English Dictionary, the first sense is "a nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory."

 WordNet splits this into:
 1. The political body (the nation as a political actor)
 2. The territory (the land)

 In "18 countries", we are counting political entities. When we say "the G20 countries", we mean the political entities.

 But the example "he visited several European countries" is sense 2, and that's also counting political entities (nation-states) but emphasizing the physical visit.

 I think for WSD, when "country" refers to a sovereign state as a political unit, it's sense 1. When it refers to the land/territory, it's sense 2.

 "Taken in 18 countries" - the poll is a social science survey. It samples people within the territorial boundaries. This is neutral between the political entity and the territory.

 But given that "countries" is the object of "in", and "in" takes locations, sense 2 is better.

 Also, note that sense 1 has hypernym: political unit
 Sense 2 has hypernym: territory

 A poll is conducted in a territory (geographical area), not in a political unit (abstract concept), though we use "in" for both.

 Actually, we say "in the United States", and United States is sense 1 or 2?

 This is tricky.

 Let me look for external guidance. In the SemCor corpus (WordNet tagged text), how is "countries" tagged?

 In SemCor:
 - "countries" in "developed countries" -> often sense 1
 - "countries" in "European countries" -> often sense 2 or 1

 Actually, looking at WordNet's own examples:
 Sense 1: "African nations" - plural nations
 Sense 2: "European countries" - plural countries

 The distinction seems to be:
 - Sense 1: emphasis on the political organization/government
 - Sense 2: emphasis on the geographical area/land

 In the context of a "poll taken in...", this is about the geographic scope of the survey. So sense 2.

 Also, the synonyms for sense 2 are "state, land" - and "land" emphasizes territory.

 I will choose sense 2.

 But wait, looking at the target: "countries" appears in "18 countries".

 Another consideration: The text mentions "Latin America" as a region, and "Brazil", "United States" as specific entities. These are sense 1 (political entities) primarily.

 But "taken in 18 countries" - if I say "taken in Brazil", Brazil is sense 2 (territory) in this context because of "in".

 I think sense 2 is correct.

 Final check: Could it be sense 5? "an area outside of cities and towns" - no, that's "the country" (rural), not "countries" (plural).

 Could it be sense 3? "the people who live in a nation" - no, that would be "the country rose up" or "the whole country mourned".

 So it's 1 or 2. I'll go with 2.

 Actually, looking at the definition of sense 1 again: "a politically organized body of people under a single government"

 And sense 3: "the people who live in a nation or country"

 Sense 1 = the body politic (the corporate entity)
 Sense 3 = the inhabitants collectively

 In "18 countries", we are counting political units (governments/nations), not territories, not people.

 But the example for sense 2 is "he visited several European countries" - this is also counting political units, but the visit is to the territory.

 The poll is conducted in the territory but organized by/within the political unit.

 I think the safest answer is sense 1, because:
 1. "African nations" is the closest parallel to "18 countries" in the region (Latin America)
 2. The context is about politics: democracy, enterprise, influence - referring to countries as political actors
 3. While "in" suggests location, Latinobarómetro is a survey of countries as national units

 Actually, looking up Latinobarómetro: it's a survey that analyzes opinions and attitudes in Latin America. It covers 18 countries. Each "country" is a national sample.

 In social science, when we say "survey of 18 countries", we mean 18 national political units.

 So sense 1.

 I'm going back and forth. Let me decide.

 The key is the preposition "in". You take a poll "in" a location. The political entity (sense 1) is not a physical place you can be "in" (in the locative sense), though we use "in" metaphorically with political entities (in the government).

 But "in France" means in the territory of France.

 So sense 2.

 However, "country" as a political entity (sense 1) is the most common meaning when referring to nation-states.

 Let me look at the sense numbers: 1:14:00 and 1:15:00. The 14 vs 15 refers to the lexicographer file: noun.group vs noun.location.

 If the context emphasizes the group of people/government, it's 14. If it emphasizes the place, it's 15.

 "Support for democracy in Latin America... taken in 18 countries"

 The poll measures attitudes of people. The 18 countries are the 18 national jurisdictions.

 I think I should choose sense 1.

 No, looking at the example again: "he visited several European countries" is definitely sense 2, and that is the most similar usage.

 "Taken in 18 countries" = "conducted within the territories of 18 countries"

 So sense 2.

 Final answer: sense_index: 2

 Wait, the user asked for the format {"sense_index": 3} etc. I should return the index number.

 So {"sense_index": 2}

 But let me double-check: is there any chance it's sense 5? "a particular geographical region... Bible country". No, that's for regions like "cattle country", not sovereign states.

 Sense 4? "rural area" - "the country" singular only.

 Sense 3? "the people" - "the country" as in "the country supports the war" - collective plural usage, but "18 countries" plural doesn't fit well.

 So it's 1 or 2.

 I'll go with 2.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: poll
Target surface form: poll
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region. Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist. Because the <t>poll</t> has been taken regularly since 1995, it tracks changes in attitude across the region. Two related things stand out in the results of this year's poll, taken in September and early October.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=poll%1:09:00:: | definition=an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people | synonyms=opinion poll, public opinion poll, canvass
2. sense_key=poll%1:08:01:: | definition=the top of the head | synonyms=pate, crown
3. sense_key=poll%1:08:02:: | definition=the part of the head between the ears
4. sense_key=poll%1:05:00:: | definition=a tame parrot | synonyms=poll parrot
5. sense_key=poll%1:04:00:: | definition=the counting of votes (as in an election)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "poll" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about "Latinobarómetro poll"
 - It mentions "taken in 18 countries"
 - It mentions "tracks changes in attitude across the region"
 - It mentions "results of this year's poll"
 - It's about surveying public opinion in Latin America regarding democracy, crime, unemployment, etc.

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=poll%1:09:00:: | definition=an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people | synonyms=opinion poll, public opinion poll, canvass
    - This fits perfectly. The context describes a survey (Latinobarómetro) that tracks attitudes/opinions across 18 countries.

 2. sense_key=poll%1:08:01:: | definition=the top of the head | synonyms=pate, crown
    - This is anatomical, doesn't fit the context about surveying opinions.

 3. sense_key=poll%1:08:02:: | definition=the part of the head between the ears
    - Also anatomical (likely referring to animals like horses), doesn't fit.

 4. sense_key=poll%1:05:00:: | definition=a tame parrot | synonyms=poll parrot
    - This is an archaic/rare usage referring to a parrot, doesn't fit the context of a survey.

 5. sense_key=poll%1:04:00:: | definition=the counting of votes (as in an election)
    - This refers to voting/elections. While related to democracy, the context specifically mentions "inquiry into public opinion" and "tracks changes in attitude" rather than counting votes in an election. The Latinobarómetro is a public opinion survey, not an election vote count.

 The context clearly describes a public opinion survey (Latinobarómetro) that interviews people across 18 countries to track attitudes about democracy, crime, etc. This matches sense 1 perfectly.

 The target word appears multiple times in the context:
 1. "latest Latinobarómetro poll" - clearly sense 1
 2. "Because the poll has been taken regularly" - refers to the same survey
 3. "results of this year's poll" - refers to the same survey

 So the correct sense is index 1.

 Wait, I need to check the format. The user wants:
 {"sense_index": 3}

 But I need to return the index of the sense from the candidate list. The candidates are numbered 1-5, so I should return:
 {"sense_index": 1}

 Let me double-check:
 - Sense 1: public opinion inquiry (correct)
 - Sense 2: top of head
 - Sense 3: part of head between ears
 - Sense 4: tame parrot
 - Sense 5: counting of votes

 Yes, definitely sense 1.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: change
Target surface form: changes
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region. Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist. Because the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, it tracks <t>changes</t> in attitude across the region. Two related things stand out in the results of this year's poll, taken in September and early October.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=change%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another | synonyms=alteration, modification | examples=the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse
2. sense_key=change%1:24:00:: | definition=a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event | examples=he attributed the change to their marriage
3. sense_key=change%1:04:00:: | definition=the action of changing something | examples=the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election
4. sense_key=change%1:19:00:: | definition=the result of alteration or modification | examples=there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains
5. sense_key=change%1:21:02:: | definition=the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due | examples=I paid with a twenty and pocketed the change
6. sense_key=change%1:06:01:: | definition=a thing that is different | examples=he inspected several changes before selecting one
7. sense_key=change%1:06:00:: | definition=a different or fresh set of clothes | examples=she brought a change in her overnight bag
8. sense_key=change%1:21:01:: | definition=coins of small denomination regarded collectively | examples=he had a pocketful of change
9. sense_key=change%1:21:03:: | definition=money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency | examples=he got change for a twenty and used it to pay the taxi driver
10. sense_key=change%1:07:00:: | definition=a difference that is usually pleasant | synonyms=variety | examples=he goes to France for variety; it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "changes" in the given context.

Context analysis:
- The text is about the Latinobarómetro poll taken regularly since 1995.
- It says: "Because the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, it tracks <t>changes</t> in attitude across the region."
- So the poll tracks how attitudes have shifted or evolved over time.
- "changes in attitude" - this refers to differences in states (attitudes) before and after some event (or over time).

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=change%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another | synonyms=alteration, modification | examples=the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse
- This is an event of changing. "changes in attitude" could be events, but let's see others.

2. sense_key=change%1:24:00:: | definition=a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event | examples=he attributed the change to their marriage
- This is a relational difference between states. The poll tracks differences in attitude across the region over time. This seems very fitting. The attitudes in 1995 vs now - relational differences.

3. sense_key=change%1:04:00:: | definition=the action of changing something | examples=the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election
- This is the action/process of changing. "tracks changes in attitude" - not the action of changing, but the differences/results.

4. sense_key=change%1:19:00:: | definition=the result of alteration or modification | examples=there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains
- This is the result of alteration. "changes in attitude" could be results. But sense 2 seems more about relational difference between states, which fits tracking over time.

5. Money/balance - clearly not relevant.

6. A thing that is different - not quite.

7. Clothes - no.

8. Coins - no.

9. Money exchange - no.

10. A difference that is usually pleasant (variety) - no.

So it's between 1, 2, and 4.

Sense 1: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another" - this is the event/transition itself. Example: "the change was intended to increase sales". This is countable events of change.

Sense 2: "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event" - example: "he attributed the change to their marriage". This is about the difference between state A and state B.

Sense 4: "the result of alteration or modification" - example: "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs". This is the outcome/result.

In the context: "it tracks changes in attitude across the region". The poll tracks how attitudes differ from previous polls. It's tracking differences in states over time.

Sense 2 specifically mentions "relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event". In this case, the "event" could be the passage of time or specific events, and the poll tracks the relational differences in attitudes.

But wait, let's look at WordNet sense keys. The sense keys use lexicographer file numbers (noun.event, noun.relation, noun.act, noun.phenomenon, etc.):
- %1:11:00:: = noun.event
- %1:24:00:: = noun.relation
- %1:04:00:: = noun.act
- %1:19:00:: = noun.phenomenon

"changes in attitude" - attitudes changing over time. The poll tracks these changes.

Actually, looking at the example for sense 2: "he attributed the change to their marriage" - this is about a difference in state (e.g., his mood/behavior before vs after marriage).

For sense 1: "the change was intended to increase sales" - an event.
For sense 4: "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs" - physical results.

In the context of polling and tracking attitudes over time, sense 2 (relational difference between states) seems most appropriate. The poll compares attitudes across time points, showing relational differences.

However, sense 1 is also very common for "changes" in general. Let's think about "tracks changes". When a poll tracks changes, it's tracking the differences between measurements over time. That's essentially sense 2.

But let me reconsider. In many WSD datasets, "change" when referring to something changing over time is often sense 1 or 4. Let me look more carefully.

Sense 1: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another" - the change itself is an event. If attitudes change, each change is an event.
Sense 2: "a relational difference between states" - this is more abstract, the difference itself.
Sense 4: "the result of alteration or modification" - the changed state.

The phrase "tracks changes in attitude" - the poll tracks how attitudes have changed. It tracks the differences.

Actually, looking at the example for sense 2: "he attributed the change to their marriage". This implies a change in behavior or state that is a relational difference.

But I think sense 1 might be the most common for "changes" in this context. Let me think about the examples again.

Sense 1 examples: "the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse"
- These are events or instances of something changing.

Sense 4 examples: "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains"
- These are results of alteration.

In "tracks changes in attitude", the poll is tracking the fact that attitudes are different now than before. This could be sense 1 (events of passing from one state to another) or sense 2 (relational differences).

However, the phrase "changes in attitude" is very commonly used to mean alterations or modifications (sense 1 or 4). But sense 2 specifically captures the "relational difference between states" which is exactly what a longitudinal poll tracks - differences between states at different time points.

Let me check if there's any reason to prefer one over the other. The instruction says "WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense."

Context: "Because the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, it tracks changes in attitude across the region."
- Regular polling allows tracking of differences over time.
- "changes in attitude" = attitudes that are different from before.

Sense 2 definition: "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event"
- This fits perfectly: states (attitudes) before and after (time passes), relational difference (changes).

Sense 1: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another"
- This would mean the poll tracks events of attitudes passing from one state to another. While plausible, it's less direct than tracking differences.

Sense 4: "the result of alteration or modification"
- This would mean the poll tracks the results. But the poll tracks the attitudes themselves as they differ, not necessarily results of some alteration.

I think sense 2 is the best fit. The poll tracks relational differences in attitudes between different time points.

Wait, I should double-check WordNet's actual treatment of "change". In WordNet 3.0/3.1:
- change%1:11:00:: - event (the act of changing or the event?)
Actually, looking at the lexicographer file:
- 1:11 = noun.event
- 1:24 = noun.relation
- 1:04 = noun.act
- 1:19 = noun.phenomenon

Sense 1 (noun.event): "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another" - this is the event of changing.
Sense 2 (noun.relation): "a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event" - this is the relation.
Sense 4 (noun.phenomenon): "the result of alteration or modification" - this is the phenomenon/result.

In the sentence "it tracks changes in attitude", the direct object of "tracks" is "changes". What does a poll track? It tracks differences in responses over time. That is exactly a relational difference between states.

Also, the example for sense 2: "he attributed the change to their marriage" - a change in his behavior/attitude due to marriage. This is very similar to "changes in attitude".

I will go with sense 2.

But let me reconsider once more. Is "changes in attitude" more naturally an event (sense 1) or a relational difference (sense 2)?

If I say "There have been many changes in attitude since 1995", am I talking about events or relational differences? I think I'm talking about the fact that attitudes are now different - relational differences. The poll data shows that the state of attitudes in 2023 is different from 1995.

However, many WSD systems might tag this as sense 1 because it's the most frequent sense. But the user wants fine-grained disambiguation based on context.

Let me look at the synonyms provided:
Sense 1: alteration, modification
Sense 2: (no synonyms listed)
Sense 4: (no synonyms listed)

"changes in attitude" - could be paraphrased as "alterations in attitude" or "modifications in attitude". That would push toward sense 1.

But "relational difference between states" is very specific and fits the longitudinal comparison perfectly.

Actually, looking at the example for sense 1 again: "the change was intended to increase sales" - this is an intended event. "this storm is certainly a change for the worse" - this is an event/instance.

For sense 4: "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs" - physical changes, results.

In "tracks changes in attitude", the poll tracks the evolution/differences. I think sense 2 is the most precise.

However, I recall that in WordNet, sense 2 is often used for "change" in phrases like "calculate the change" (difference between states). But "changes in attitude" might be sense 1.

Let me think about whether attitudes undergo "change" as an event or exhibit "change" as a relational difference. The poll tracks both: it tracks the events (things that caused attitudes to change) and the differences. But the text says it tracks "changes in attitude across the region" because it's taken regularly since 1995. The regularity emphasizes comparison over time, which yields relational differences.

I think I'll go with sense 2. But I'm not entirely sure. Let me see if there's any other clue.

"Two related things stand out in the results of this year's poll" - this suggests the changes are findings/results. But sense 4 is "result of alteration or modification". Could it be sense 4? The poll tracks results of altered attitudes? No, the poll tracks the attitudes themselves, which manifest as differences.

Actually, looking at sense 4 again: "the result of alteration or modification; there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs". This is very similar to "changes in attitude". Attitudes are altered, and the poll tracks those results. But sense 2's example "he attributed the change to their marriage" is also about attitude/behavior change.

Between sense 2 and sense 4: sense 2 emphasizes the relational aspect (before/after comparison), which is exactly what a longitudinal poll does. Sense 4 emphasizes the physical/observable result of some alteration.

Given the context explicitly mentions the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, the relational difference (sense 2) is the strongest.

Final decision: sense_index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attitude
Target surface form: attitude
Context:
The democratic routine Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region. Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist. Because the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, it tracks changes in <t>attitude</t> across the region. Two related things stand out in the results of this year's poll, taken in September and early October.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attitude%1:09:00:: | definition=a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways | synonyms=mental attitude | examples=he had the attitude that work was fun
2. sense_key=attitude%1:07:01:: | definition=the arrangement of the body and its limbs | synonyms=position, posture | examples=he assumed an attitude of surrender
3. sense_key=attitude%1:04:00:: | definition=a theatrical pose created for effect | examples=the actor struck just the right attitude
4. sense_key=attitude%1:24:00:: | definition=position of aircraft or spacecraft relative to a frame of reference (the horizon or direction of motion)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "attitude" in the given context.

 Let me analyze the context:
 - The text is about a poll (Latinobarómetro) taken in Latin America since 1995
 - It mentions "it tracks changes in <t>attitude</t> across the region"
 - The poll tracks support for democracy, backing for private enterprise, worries about crime vs unemployment, etc.
 - These are all about people's beliefs, feelings, values, and dispositions

 Now let's look at the candidate senses:

 1. sense_key=attitude%1:09:00:: | definition=a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways | synonyms=mental attitude | examples=he had the attitude that work was fun
 - This refers to mental states, beliefs, feelings, values
 - In the context, the poll tracks changes in how people think/feel about democracy, crime, etc.
 - This fits perfectly with "changes in attitude across the region" referring to changes in people's mental states/beliefs

 2. sense_key=attitude%1:07:01:: | definition=the arrangement of the body and its limbs | synonyms=position, posture | examples=he assumed an attitude of surrender
 - This is about physical posture/body position
 - The context is about a poll tracking opinions, not physical positions
 - Doesn't fit

 3. sense_key=attitude%1:04:00:: | definition=a theatrical pose created for effect | examples=the actor struck just the right attitude
 - This is about theatrical poses
 - The context is about survey results and opinions, not acting/theater
 - Doesn't fit

 4. sense_key=attitude%1:24:00:: | definition=position of aircraft or spacecraft relative to a frame of reference (the horizon or direction of motion)
 - This is about aircraft/spacecraft orientation
 - The context is about social attitudes in Latin America
 - Doesn't fit

 The context clearly refers to "mental attitude" - the beliefs, feelings, and values of people in Latin America regarding democracy, crime, etc. The phrase "tracks changes in attitude across the region" means tracking how people's beliefs and values change over time.

 Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: thing
Target surface form: things
Context:
Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region. Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist. Because the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, it tracks changes in attitude across the region. Two related <t>things</t> stand out in the results of this year's poll, taken in September and early October. The first is Latin America's fairly sunny mood.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=thing%1:26:00:: | definition=a special situation | examples=this thing has got to end; it is a remarkable thing
2. sense_key=thing%1:04:00:: | definition=an action | examples=how could you do such a thing?
3. sense_key=thing%1:09:00:: | definition=a special abstraction | examples=a thing of the spirit; things of the heart
4. sense_key=thing%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact | examples=how does this thing work?
5. sense_key=thing%1:11:00:: | definition=an event | examples=a funny thing happened on the way to the...
6. sense_key=thing%1:09:02:: | definition=a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair | examples=several matters to attend to; it is none of your affair
7. sense_key=thing%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement regarded as an object | examples=to say the same thing in other terms; how can you say such a thing?
8. sense_key=thing%1:06:01:: | definition=an entity that is not named specifically | examples=I couldn't tell what the thing was
9. sense_key=thing%1:07:00:: | definition=any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence | examples=the thing I like about her is ...
10. sense_key=thing%1:09:01:: | definition=a special objective | examples=the thing is to stay in bounds
11. sense_key=thing%1:12:00:: | definition=a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion | examples=he has a thing about seafood; she has a thing about him
12. sense_key=thing%1:03:00:: | definition=a separate and self-contained entity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) on the word "things" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text discusses findings from a Latinobarómetro poll about attitudes in Latin America
 - The sentence containing the target: "Two related <t>things</t> stand out in the results of this year's poll..."
 - The following sentence explains: "The first is Latin America's fairly sunny mood."
 - So "things" refers to findings, results, or aspects that stand out from the poll results

 Candidate sense analysis:

 1. sense_key=thing%1:26:00:: | definition=a special situation | examples=this thing has got to end; it is a remarkable thing
    - Doesn't fit well. Not referring to a "situation" per se.

 2. sense_key=thing%1:04:00:: | definition=an action | examples=how could you do such a thing?
    - Not an action. The "things" are findings/results.

 3. sense_key=thing%1:09:00:: | definition=a special abstraction | examples=a thing of the spirit; things of the heart
    - Too abstract/spiritual. These are concrete findings from a poll.

 4. sense_key=thing%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact | examples=how does this thing work?
    - Not a physical object.

 5. sense_key=thing%1:11:00:: | definition=an event | examples=a funny thing happened on the way to the...
    - Not an event. These are findings/patterns.

 6. sense_key=thing%1:09:02:: | definition=a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair | examples=several matters to attend to; it is none of your affair
    - "Concern" or "matter" could work, but let's check others. The examples suggest business/affairs. "Two related matters stand out" - this could work, but might not be the best fit.

 7. sense_key=thing%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement regarded as an object | examples=to say the same thing in other terms; how can you say such a thing?
    - Not statements.

 8. sense_key=thing%1:06:01:: | definition=an entity that is not named specifically | examples=I couldn't tell what the thing was
    - This is close. "Two related things" where the things are later specified as "The first is..." This suggests entities that are being referred to vaguely at first then specified.

 9. sense_key=thing%1:07:00:: | definition=any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence | examples=the thing I like about her is ...
    - Not quite. These are broader findings, not just attributes.

 10. sense_key=thing%1:09:01:: | definition=a special objective | examples=the thing is to stay in bounds
    - Not objectives.

 11. sense_key=thing%1:12:00:: | definition=a persistent illogical feeling of desire or aversion | examples=he has a thing about seafood; she has a thing about him
    - Not feelings/aversions.

 12. sense_key=thing%1:03:00:: | definition=a separate and self-contained entity
    - This is very general. "Two related entities stand out..."

 Let me reconsider sense 6 vs 8 vs 12.

 Sense 6: "a vaguely specified concern" - synonyms: matter, affair. The examples: "several matters to attend to", "it is none of your affair". This suggests business or concerns that need attention.

 Sense 8: "an entity that is not named specifically" - example: "I couldn't tell what the thing was". This fits when we're referring to something unknown or unspecified.

 Sense 12: "a separate and self-contained entity" - very general.

 In the context: "Two related things stand out in the results... The first is Latin America's fairly sunny mood."

 The "things" are being used to introduce specific findings/points. They are "related" and then enumerated. This usage is similar to "Two related points stand out" or "Two related findings stand out."

 Looking at sense 6 again: "a vaguely specified concern" - while "concern" might fit (these are concerns/findings from the poll), the key is "vaguely specified". Here, the things are immediately specified in the next sentence.

 Actually, looking at the WordNet senses more carefully:

 Sense 6 (thing%1:09:02::) is often used in contexts like "I've got things to do" or "There are several things to consider" - referring to matters/affairs.

 But in this context: "Two related things stand out" - this is referring to specific findings/patterns that are entities of interest.

 Sense 12 (thing%1:03:00::) "a separate and self-contained entity" is the most general sense and often used when referring to items, objects, or entities in a general way.

 However, looking at the example for sense 8: "I couldn't tell what the thing was" - this suggests an unidentified object. But in our case, we know what the things are (findings), we're just using "things" as a general placeholder before specifying them.

 Actually, looking at typical usage patterns:
 - "Two things stand out" is a common phrase meaning "Two points/features/aspects stand out"
 - This aligns with sense 6: "a vaguely specified concern" (matter, affair) - because "things" here is substituting for "matters" or "points"

 But wait, sense 6's examples are: "several matters to attend to; it is none of your affair"
 These are about affairs/business.

 Let me look at sense 1: "a special situation" - "this thing has got to end; it is a remarkable thing"
 Not quite.

 Sense 12 is the hypernym sense - "a separate and self-contained entity". This is often the default sense when "thing" refers to a distinct item or unit.

 But in the phrase "Two related things", we're talking about abstract entities (findings, patterns).

 Let me reconsider sense 6. The definition says "a vaguely specified concern" with synonyms "matter, affair".
 In the sentence: "Two related things stand out" - could be "Two related matters stand out"
 But "matter" in the sense of "subject matter" or "topic"?

 Actually, looking at WordNet's thing%1:09:02:: more carefully - this is the sense used for "things" meaning "matters" or "affairs" as in "business things" or personal affairs.

 But in this context, these are findings from a poll - so they're like "points" or "aspects".

 Let me look at sense 8 again: "an entity that is not named specifically" - example: "I couldn't tell what the thing was"
 This is when the referent is unknown.

 In our case, the referents are named immediately after: "The first is..."

 Actually, looking at the structure:
 "Two related things stand out... The first is..."
 This is similar to: "Two things to note: first... second..."

 This usage is often sense 12 (general entity) or sense 6 (matter/concern).

 But let's look at the exact wording of sense 6: "a vaguely specified concern"
 And sense 12: "a separate and self-contained entity"

 In academic/writing contexts, when we say "Two things stand out", we mean "Two features/aspects/observations stand out". These are entities.

 However, I should check if there's a sense that covers "aspects" or "features".

 Looking at the list again, sense 9: "any attribute or quality considered as having its own existence" - example: "the thing I like about her is..."
 This is close but not quite - these are not attributes of something else, but findings/observations.

 Sense 12 seems most appropriate as a general catch-all for "entities" or "items" being discussed.

 But wait, let me look at sense 6 once more. The synonyms are "matter, affair".
 "Two related matters stand out" - this works well.
 "Affair" in the sense of "public affairs" or "current affairs" - Latin American affairs?

 Actually, looking at the WordNet entry for thing%1:09:02:: (which is the 6th one in the list provided):
 - It's under noun.cognition (1:09)
 - Definition: a vaguely specified concern
 - Synonyms: matter, affair
 - Examples: "several matters to attend to"; "it is none of your affair"; "things are going well"

 The example "things are going well" suggests this sense covers general "matters" or "state of affairs".

 But in "Two related things stand out", we're referring to specific findings, not general affairs.

 Let me reconsider sense 1: "a special situation"
 "Two related situations stand out"? No, it's not situations.

 Sense 5: "an event" - no.

 Sense 12 (thing%1:03:00::) is the most general: "a separate and self-contained entity"
 This would cover any distinct item, object, or abstract entity.

 In WSD for "thing", sense 12 is often the default when referring to distinct items being enumerated or discussed.

 However, looking at the specific context: "Two related things stand out in the results... The first is Latin America's fairly sunny mood."

 The "things" are specific findings or observations from the poll. They are abstract entities.

 Between sense 6 (matter/affair) and sense 12 (entity):
 - Sense 6 implies something requiring attention or action (a concern), or a personal affair
 - Sense 12 is neutral - just an entity

 Given that these are poll findings being highlighted, and they're referred to as "things" before being specified, and they're related to each other (two related entities), sense 12 seems best.

 But let me double-check sense 8: "an entity that is not named specifically"
 Example: "I couldn't tell what the thing was"
 This implies the speaker doesn't know what it is. Here, the speaker knows (the poll findings), but is using "things" as a general term before elaborating.

 Actually, looking at the example for sense 8 again: "I couldn't tell what the thing was" - this is about an unidentified object.

 In our case, "things" is used prospectively - we know there are two things, and we're about to tell you what they are. This is different from an unidentified entity.

 This pattern (Two things: first... second...) is very common with sense 12 (general entity) or possibly sense 6 (matters).

 But sense 6 has the specific nuance of "concern" or "affair". Are poll findings "concerns"? They could be, but they're more like "observations" or "points".

 Given the options, sense 12 (thing%1:03:00::) - "a separate and self-contained entity" - is the most accurate because:
 1. The poll findings are distinct entities (self-contained)
 2. They are separate from each other (two of them)
 3. They are being treated as objects of discussion

 Sense 6 would also be plausible if we interpret "concern" broadly as "matter of interest", but sense 12 is more general and fits better with the enumeration pattern.

 Wait, I need to check the index numbers. The user lists them 1-12, but the sense keys have different lexicographer file numbers.

 The user lists:
 6. sense_key=thing%1:09:02:: | definition=a vaguely specified concern | synonyms=matter, affair | examples=several matters to attend to; it is none of your affair

 12. sense_key=thing%1:03:00:: | definition=a separate and self-contained entity

 So if I choose 12, I return {"sense_index": 12}
 If I choose 6, I return {"sense_index": 6}

 Let me reconsider if there's a better fit.

 What about sense 1? "a special situation"
 "Two related situations stand out"? The "sunny mood" is a situation/attitude, but the second thing (not fully quoted but implied) is another finding. They could be situations.

 But "situation" usually implies a state of affairs or circumstances, not a finding from a poll.

 What about sense 10? "a special objective" - no.

 Sense 3? "a special abstraction" - things of the spirit - too metaphysical.

 I think it's between 6 and 12.

 Let me look at the WordNet definitions more carefully online or from my training data.

 thing%1:03:00:: - (physical entity) is the hypernym root.

 thing%1:09:02:: - (cognition) a vaguely specified concern; "matters of state"; "a curious affair"; "several matters to attend to"; "it is none of your affair"; "things are going well"

 In the context: "Two related things stand out"
 If I substitute: "Two related matters stand out" - this works.
 "Two related affairs stand out" - less common, but "affairs" could work in the sense of "public affairs".

 But "things" here is referring to specific findings: the sunny mood, and presumably another finding mentioned later.

 Actually, looking at the full context, the second thing is probably mentioned in the next paragraph (not shown), or the text continues. But we have "The first is..." implying there's a second.

 These are "points" or "aspects" or "features" of the poll results.

 In WordNet, "thing" sense 6 (matter/affair) is often used for "things" meaning "items of business" or "concerns".

 But sense 12 is the most general and covers any self-contained entity.

 However, looking at the example for sense 6: "things are going well" - this is a general state.
 But also: "several matters to attend to" - specific items.

 The phrase "Two things stand out" is very similar to "Two matters stand out" or "Two points stand out".

 But is there a sense for "point" or "aspect"? Not specifically.

 Given that sense 12 is the hypernym for all physical and abstract entities, and these poll findings are abstract entities, sense 12 is safe.

 However, sense 6 might be more specific and therefore better if it fits.

 Let me check if "concern" fits. Are these findings "concerns"? The text mentions "Crime has become a bigger worry", so yes, they are concerns/worries. The poll tracks attitudes and worries.

 "Two related concerns stand out" - yes, this fits well.

 But wait, the first thing mentioned is "Latin America's fairly sunny mood" - is that a "concern"? It's a mood, an attitude, a finding. It's not necessarily a concern (worry), but it is a matter of interest.

 In WordNet, "concern" in sense 6 might be interpreted broadly as "matter" rather than specifically "worry".

 Given the synonyms "matter, affair", and the example "several matters to attend to", sense 6 seems to fit "things" when it means "items of business" or "points to consider".

 But sense 12 is also very strong.

 Let me see if I can find disambiguating clues. The word "related" suggests these are entities that can be related to each other. Both "entities" and "matters" can be related.

 The phrase "stand out" suggests they are prominent features or observations.

 In many WSD datasets, "things" when used in phrases like "two things" or "several things" to enumerate points is often tagged with sense 12 (the general entity sense) or sometimes sense 6 if it clearly means "matters".

 But looking at the specific sense 6 definition "vaguely specified concern" - the key is "vaguely specified". In our sentence, the things are immediately specified ("The first is..."), so they're not vague.

 Therefore, sense 12 is better: "a separate and self-contained entity" - these are distinct, self-contained findings.

 Actually, looking at sense 8: "an entity that is not named specifically" - this also has the "not named" aspect, which is temporary here (named in next sentence).

 But sense 8's example "I couldn't tell what the thing was" suggests inability to identify, whereas here the author is choosing to delay the identification.

 In rhetorical terms, this is "endophoric" reference - pointing forward in the text.

 Sense 12 is the best fit for general endophoric use.

 I will go with sense 12.

 Wait, I should check if there's any other sense that fits "findings" or "results". No specific sense for that.

 So the choice is between 6 and 12. Given that "concern" (sense 6) implies something that is a worry or requires attention, and "sunny mood" is not a concern/worry but a positive finding, sense 6 is less appropriate. Sense 12 (entity) is neutral and can be positive, negative, or neutral.

 Therefore, sense 12 is the best choice.

 Final check: sense 12 is thing%1:03:00:: - "a separate and self-contained entity"
 Yes.

 The answer should be {"sense_index": 12}

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: result
Target surface form: results
Context:
Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region. Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist. Because the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, it tracks changes in attitude across the region. Two related things stand out in the <t>results</t> of this year's poll, taken in September and early October. The first is Latin America's fairly sunny mood.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem | synonyms=solution, answer, resolution, solvent | examples=they were trying to find a peaceful solution; the answers were in the back of the book
3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: | definition=something that results | synonyms=resultant, final result, outcome, termination | examples=he listened for the results on the radio
4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: | definition=the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=resultant role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
 The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "results" in the given context.

Let me analyze the context:
- The text is about a Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries
- It mentions "findings" of the poll
- It says "Two related things stand out in the results of this year's poll"
- The "results" here refers to the findings/data/outcomes of the poll

Now let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=result%1:19:00:: - "a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon" - synonyms: consequence, effect, outcome, event, issue, upshot
   - This is a very general sense referring to phenomena that follow from causes. While poll results could fit here broadly, this seems more about physical or causal phenomena.

2. sense_key=result%1:10:00:: - "a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem" - synonyms: solution, answer, resolution
   - This doesn't fit. Poll results aren't solutions to problems in this context.

3. sense_key=result%1:11:00:: - "something that results" - synonyms: resultant, final result, outcome, termination - examples: "he listened for the results on the radio"
   - This fits well. The example "he listened for the results on the radio" suggests this is about outcomes of events, competitions, or investigations - like poll results. The synonyms include "final result" and "outcome" which fit the context of poll findings.

4. sense_key=result%1:10:01:: - "the semantic role of the noun phrase whose referent exists only by virtue of the activity denoted by the verb in the clause" - synonyms: resultant role
   - This is a technical linguistic term about semantic roles. Not applicable here.

Between sense 1 and sense 3:
- Sense 1 (1:19:00) is more about consequences/effects in a causal chain
- Sense 3 (1:11:00) is more about the outcome/final product of a process

In the context of a poll, "results" refers to the findings/outcomes of the survey - the data collected. This aligns better with sense 3, which has the example "he listened for the results on the radio" (likely referring to election results or similar).

Also, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
- 1:19:00 is under noun.phenomenon (phenomenon that follows...)
- 1:11:00 is under noun.event (something that results)

Poll results are typically categorized as the outcome/finding of the polling process, which fits sense 3 better.

The context mentions "findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll" and then refers to "the results of this year's poll" - this parallel structure suggests "results" = "findings" = outcomes of the investigation.

Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: year
Context:
Support for democracy in Latin America continues to edge up, as does backing for private enterprise. Crime has become a bigger worry than unemployment. And Brazil is seen as more influential than the United States across much of the region. Those are some of the findings of the latest Latinobarómetro poll taken in 18 countries and published exclusively by The Economist. Because the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, it tracks changes in attitude across the region. Two related things stand out in the results of this <t>year</t>'s poll, taken in September and early October. The first is Latin America's fairly sunny mood.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The user wants me to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the word "year" in the given context.

 Context analysis:
 - The text is about a poll (Latinobarómetro poll) that has been taken regularly since 1995
 - It mentions "this year's poll" referring to a specific poll taken in September and early October
 - The phrase "this year's poll" refers to the poll conducted in the current year (the year the text is referring to)
 - It's talking about a specific period of time - the current year in which the poll was taken

 Candidate senses:
 1. year%1:28:01:: - a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days (general calendar year)
 2. year%1:28:02:: - a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity (e.g., school year, fiscal year)
 3. year%1:28:00:: - the period of time for a planet to revolve around the sun (astronomical year)
 4. year%1:14:00:: - a body of students who graduate together (class year)

 Analysis:
 - Sense 4 is clearly wrong - not talking about students graduating
 - Sense 3 is about astronomical/orbital periods - not relevant here
 - Sense 2 is about a specific part of a calendar year used for a particular activity (like school year, fiscal year, academic year). While "this year's poll" could potentially fit, it's not specifically about a designated activity period like "school year"
 - Sense 1 is the general sense of a calendar year (365/366 days)

 In the phrase "this year's poll", "year" refers to the current calendar year (e.g., 2023 or whatever year the poll was taken). This is the standard calendar year sense.

 Looking at the examples for sense 1: "she is 4 years old; in the year 1920" - this matches the usage of referring to a specific calendar year.

 Sense 2 examples: "a school year" - this is a specific subset or type of year designated for an activity.

 In the context "this year's poll", it's referring to the poll of the current calendar year, not a specific activity-designated period like a fiscal year or school year. Therefore, sense 1 (year%1:28:01::) is the best fit.

 Wait, let me reconsider. The phrase is "this year's poll, taken in September and early October." This refers to the poll conducted during this specific calendar year.

 Actually, looking carefully at WordNet sense distinctions:
 - Sense 1: General calendar year (365 days)
 - Sense 2: A period occupying a regular part of calendar year for particular activity (school year, etc.)

 "This year's poll" uses "year" in the general sense of the calendar year. It's possessive: "of this year". This aligns with sense 1.

 However, I should check if there's any ambiguity. The text mentions the poll has been taken regularly since 1995, and now discusses "this year's poll" - clearly referring to the current annual instance.

 Sense 1 is definitely the correct choice.

 The user wants the output as: {"sense_index": 1}

 Wait, I need to check the indexing. The user lists:
 1. sense_key=year%1:28:01::
 2. sense_key=year%1:28:02::
 3. sense_key=year%1:28:00::
 4. sense_key=year%1:14:00::

 So the index numbers correspond to the order presented: 1, 2, 3, 4.

 Therefore, the answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.

 Let me double-check by looking at the actual WordNet sense ordering to make sure I'm not missing something. In WordNet:
 - year%1:28:00:: is usually the astronomical year (orbital period)
 - year%1:28:01:: is the calendar year (365 days)
 - year%1:28:02:: is the specific activity period

 But the user has provided the list with their own indexing for this task:
 Candidate 1 = year%1:28:01:: (calendar year)
 Candidate 2 = year%1:28:02:: (activity period)
 Candidate 3 = year%1:28:00:: (astronomical)
 Candidate 4 = year%1:14:00:: (class of students)

 So yes, index 1 is the correct choice for "this year's poll" referring to the current calendar year.

 Actually, looking at the context again: "Two related things stand out in the results of this year's poll..." - this is clearly referring to the calendar year. It's the annual poll conducted in that specific year.

 Final check: Could it be sense 2? "A period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity" - examples include "school year". While a poll could be seen as an activity, "this year's poll" refers to the poll conducted in this year, not a "poll year" as a designated period. The focus is on the temporal location (in this year), not on defining a specific activity period named "year".

 Therefore, sense 1 is correct.