[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: flight
Target surface form: flight
Context:
I guess we're all living very tentatively here, waiting for the expected but dreaded aftershock. It's hard to accept that it's over and only took 15 seconds. I wonder when we'll be able to relax. 9:53 a.m. PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for <t>flight</t> or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=flight%1:14:01:: | definition=a formation of aircraft in flight
2. sense_key=flight%1:04:00:: | definition=an instance of traveling by air | synonyms=flying | examples=flying was still an exciting adventure for him
3. sense_key=flight%1:06:00:: | definition=a stairway (set of steps) between one floor or landing and the next | synonyms=flight of stairs, flight of steps
4. sense_key=flight%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of escaping physically | synonyms=escape | examples=he made his escape from the mental hospital; the canary escaped from its cage
5. sense_key=flight%1:14:00:: | definition=an air force unit smaller than a squadron
6. sense_key=flight%1:09:00:: | definition=passing above and beyond ordinary bounds | examples=a flight of fancy; flights of rhetoric
7. sense_key=flight%1:19:00:: | definition=the path followed by an object moving through space | synonyms=trajectory
8. sense_key=flight%1:14:02:: | definition=a flock of flying birds
9. sense_key=flight%1:04:02:: | definition=a scheduled trip by plane between designated airports | examples=I took the noon flight to Chicago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "flight" in the context: "PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for <t>flight</t> or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom."


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fight
Target surface form: fight
Context:
I guess we're all living very tentatively here, waiting for the expected but dreaded aftershock. It's hard to accept that it's over and only took 15 seconds. I wonder when we'll be able to relax. 9:53 a.m. PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or <t>fight</t>. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fight%1:04:01:: | definition=a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war | synonyms=battle, conflict, engagement | examples=Grant won a decisive victory in the battle of Chickamauga; he lost his romantic ideas about war when he got into a real engagement
2. sense_key=fight%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of fighting; any contest or struggle | synonyms=fighting, combat, scrap | examples=a fight broke out at the hockey game; there was fighting in the streets
3. sense_key=fight%1:07:00:: | definition=an aggressive willingness to compete | synonyms=competitiveness | examples=the team was full of fight
4. sense_key=fight%1:10:00:: | definition=an intense verbal dispute | examples=a violent fight over the bill is expected in the Senate
5. sense_key=fight%1:04:03:: | definition=a boxing or wrestling match | examples=the fight was on television last night

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "fight" in the context: "I guess we're all living very tentatively here, waiting for the expected but dreaded aftershock. It's hard to accept that i...The context is: "Flesh goes to total alert for flight or <t>fight</t>. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom."

It's clearly referring to the "fight or flight" response, where "flight" means running away, and "fight" means fighting back.

native_finish_reason: completed

provider: xAI

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: nausea
Target surface form: Nausea
Context:
It's hard to accept that it's over and only took 15 seconds. I wonder when we'll be able to relax. 9:53 a.m. PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. <t>Nausea</t> seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=nausea%1:26:00:: | definition=the state that precedes vomiting | synonyms=sickness
2. sense_key=nausea%1:12:00:: | definition=disgust so strong it makes you feel sick

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for "nausea" in the given context.
The context is: "It's hard to accept that it's over and only took 15 seconds. I wonder when we'll be able to relax.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seem
Target surface form: seems
Context:
It's hard to accept that it's over and only took 15 seconds. I wonder when we'll be able to relax. 9:53 a.m. PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea <t>seems</t> a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to choose the best indexed sense for "seems" in the context.
The context is: "Nausea <t>seems</t> a commonplace symptom." And Berkeley very quiet right now. This seems like a medical or physiological context, perhaps from a diary or log about PANDA's state.

PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: commonplace
Target surface form: commonplace
Context:
It's hard to accept that it's over and only took 15 seconds. I wonder when we'll be able to relax. 9:53 a.m. PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a <t>commonplace</t> symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=commonplace%5:00:02:ordinary:00 | definition=completely ordinary and unremarkable | examples=air travel has now become commonplace; commonplace everyday activities
2. sense_key=commonplace%5:00:00:unexciting:00 | definition=not challenging; dull and lacking excitement | synonyms=humdrum, prosaic, unglamorous, unglamourous | examples=an unglamorous job greasing engines
3. sense_key=commonplace%5:00:00:unoriginal:00 | definition=repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse | synonyms=banal, hackneyed, old-hat, shopworn, stock, threadbare | examples=bromidic sermons; his remarks were trite and commonplace

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "commonplace" in the context: "Nausea seems a <t>commonplace</t> symptom."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: symptom
Target surface form: symptom
Context:
It's hard to accept that it's over and only took 15 seconds. I wonder when we'll be able to relax. 9:53 a.m. PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace <t>symptom</t>. Berkeley very quiet right now.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=symptom%1:26:00:: | definition=(medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease
2. sense_key=symptom%1:10:00:: | definition=anything that accompanies X and is regarded as an indication of X's existence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "symptom" in the given context.
The context is: "It's hard to accept that it's over and only took 15 seconds. I wonder when we'll be able to relax. 9:53 a.m. PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace <t>symptom</t>.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: walk
Target surface form: walked
Context:
9:53 a.m. PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I <t>walked</t> along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=walk%2:38:00:: | definition=use one's feet to advance; advance by steps | examples=Walk, don't run!; We walked instead of driving
2. sense_key=walk%2:38:01:: | definition=accompany or escort | examples=I'll walk you to your car
3. sense_key=walk%2:33:00:: | definition=obtain a base on balls
4. sense_key=walk%2:38:03:: | definition=traverse or cover by walking | examples=Walk the tightrope; Paul walked the streets of Damascus
5. sense_key=walk%2:33:01:: | definition=give a base on balls to
6. sense_key=walk%2:41:00:: | definition=live or behave in a specified manner | examples=walk in sadness
7. sense_key=walk%2:41:01:: | definition=be or act in association with | examples=We must walk with our dispossessed brothers and sisters; Walk with God
8. sense_key=walk%2:38:02:: | definition=walk at a pace | examples=The horses walked across the meadow
9. sense_key=walk%2:38:05:: | definition=make walk | examples=He walks the horse up the mountain; Walk the dog twice a day
10. sense_key=walk%2:38:04:: | definition=take a walk; go for a walk; walk for pleasure | synonyms=take the air | examples=The lovers held hands while walking; We like to walk every Sunday

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to perform fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "walk" with the surface form "walked" in the given context.
The context is: "I <t>walked</t> along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning."

It's clearly about someone physically walking along a street. So, moving by foot along a path.

Looking at candidates:

1. use one's feet to advance; advance by steps. Examples: Walk, don't run!; We walked instead of driving. This is general locomotion.

4. traverse or cover by walking. Examples: Walk the tightrope; Paul walked the streets of Damascus. This is about covering distance by walking.

The phrase "walked along Shattuck" means he walked along that road, i.e., traversed it by walking.

This matches 4 better than 1, because 1 is too general, and 4 specifies traversing by walking.

In WordNet, the sense for "walk along" is likely the traversal sense.

Sense 1 is probably "walk" as verb for 2.38.00, general.

I recall WordNet senses: walk has senses like 2.38.00: use feet to advance, etc.

But based on context, "walked along" indicates movement along a route, so traverse.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: minute
Target surface form: minutes
Context:
9:53 a.m. PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few <t>minutes</t> before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=minute%1:28:00:: | definition=a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour | synonyms=min | examples=he ran a 4 minute mile
2. sense_key=minute%1:28:01:: | definition=an indefinitely short time | synonyms=moment, mo, second, bit | examples=wait just a moment; in a mo
3. sense_key=minute%1:28:02:: | definition=a particular point in time | synonyms=moment, second, instant | examples=the moment he arrived the party began
4. sense_key=minute%1:23:00:: | definition=a unit of angular distance equal to a 60th of a degree | synonyms=arcminute, minute of arc
5. sense_key=minute%1:10:00:: | definition=a short note | examples=the secretary keeps the minutes of the meeting
6. sense_key=minute%1:07:00:: | definition=distance measured by the time taken to cover it | synonyms=hour | examples=we live an hour from the airport; its just 10 minutes away

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "minute" in the form "minutes". The context is: "I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few <t>minutes</t> before eight this morning."
The context is: "I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few <t>minutes</t> before eight this morning."

It's "a few minutes before eight this morning." So, it's indicating time, like a short duration before eight o'clock.

Looking at the candidates:

1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: morning
Target surface form: morning
Context:
9:53 a.m. PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this <t>morning</t>. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=morning%1:28:00:: | definition=the time period between dawn and noon | synonyms=morn, morning time, forenoon | examples=I spent the morning running errands
2. sense_key=morning%1:10:00:: | definition=a conventional expression of greeting or farewell | synonyms=good morning
3. sense_key=morning%1:28:01:: | definition=the first light of day | synonyms=dawn, dawning, aurora, first light, daybreak, break of day | examples=we got up before dawn; they talked until morning
4. sense_key=morning%1:11:00:: | definition=the earliest period | synonyms=dawn | examples=the dawn of civilization; the morning of the world

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "morning" in the given context.
The context is: "I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this <t>morning</t>.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: next
Target surface form: Next
Context:
PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. <t>Next</t> to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=next%5:00:00:succeeding:00 | definition=immediately following in time or order | synonyms=following | examples=the following day; next in line
2. sense_key=next%5:00:00:close:01 | definition=nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space | synonyms=adjacent, side by side | examples=had adjacent rooms; in the next room
3. sense_key=next%5:00:00:incoming:00 | definition=(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving | synonyms=future, succeeding | examples=our next president

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "next" in the surface form "Next". The context is: "Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up..."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blue
Target surface form: blue
Context:
PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a <t>blue</t> sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blue%5:00:00:chromatic:00 | definition=of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky; - Helen Hunt Jackson | synonyms=bluish, blueish | examples=October's bright blue weather; a blue flame
2. sense_key=blue%5:00:00:northern:02 | definition=used to signify the Union forces in the American Civil War (who wore blue uniforms) | examples=a ragged blue line
3. sense_key=blue%5:00:00:dejected:00 | definition=filled with melancholy and despondency | synonyms=gloomy, grim, depressed, dispirited, down, downcast | examples=gloomy at the thought of what he had to face; gloomy predictions
4. sense_key=blue%5:00:02:dirty:02 | definition=characterized by profanity or cursing | synonyms=blasphemous, profane | examples=foul-mouthed and blasphemous; blue language
5. sense_key=blue%5:00:00:sexy:00 | definition=suggestive of sexual impropriety | synonyms=gamy, gamey, juicy, naughty, racy, risque | examples=a blue movie; blue jokes
6. sense_key=blue%5:00:00:noble:02 | definition=belonging to or characteristic of the nobility or aristocracy | synonyms=aristocratic, aristocratical, blue-blooded, gentle, patrician | examples=an aristocratic family; aristocratic Bostonians
7. sense_key=blue%5:00:00:nonindulgent:00 | definition=morally rigorous and strict | synonyms=puritanic, puritanical | examples=the puritan work ethic; puritanic distaste for alcohol
8. sense_key=blue%5:00:00:depressing:00 | definition=causing dejection | synonyms=dark, dingy, disconsolate, dismal, gloomy, grim | examples=a blue day; the dark days of the war

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The task is to choose the best indexed sense for "blue" in the given context. The target lemma is "blue", surface form is "blue", and the context is: "Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled i...


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sit_up
Target surface form: sat up
Context:
PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, <t>sat up</t>, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sit_up%2:29:00:: | definition=not go to bed | synonyms=stay up | examples=Don't stay up so late--you have to go to work tomorrow; We sat up all night to watch the election
2. sense_key=sit_up%2:38:01:: | definition=change to an upright sitting position | examples=He sat up in bed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "sit_up" with the surface form "sat up" in the given context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: said
Context:
PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, <t>said</t>, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "say" in the form "said". The context is: a homeless couple sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I...The target word is "said" in the context: a homeless couple sat up, <t>said</t>, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed.

They are reporting what they said, but actually, the sentence is: sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed.

This is direct speech: they said "Good morning" and the woman said "Isn't it great..."

It's them uttering the words aloud.

Looking at candidates:

1. express in words – general

8. utter aloud – matches example: She said `Hello' to everyone in the office – similar to saying "Good morning"

Yes, best fit is 8.

Confidence: fairly high, as it matches the direct utterance closely.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: woman
Context:
PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the <t>woman</t> smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "woman" in the given context.
The context is: "Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the <t>woman</t> smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: smile
Target surface form: smiled
Context:
PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman <t>smiled</t>, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=smile%2:29:00:: | definition=change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure
2. sense_key=smile%2:32:00:: | definition=express with a smile | examples=She smiled her thanks

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "smiled" with lemma "smile". There are two candidate senses:
The task is to choose the single best indexed sense for the target word "smiled" with lemma "smile" in the given context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: said
Context:
PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, <t>said</t>, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "say" with surface form "said" in the given context.
The target is the second "said" in the context: the woman said, "Isn't it great just to be alive?"

The context: "Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, <t>said , "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I agreed."

It's the woman's utterance: she said "Isn't it great just to be alive?"

This is her expressing a feeling or opinion aloud.

Looking at the candidates:

1. express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her

This fits: she is stating "Isn't it great just to be alive?"

2. report or maintain – like alleging, not fitting.

3. express a supposition – no, it's not supposing.

4. wording – no.

5. give instructions – no.

6. speak, pronounce – close but 6 is about pronunciation style.

7. communicate nonverbally – no, this is verbal.

8. utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office

This is uttering aloud, and example is similar to saying something.

9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business

This is close: she is declaring her feeling.

10. recite – no.

11. indicate – no.

Between 1,8,9.

Sense 1: express in words, synonyms state,tell – she is stating it.

Sense 9: state as opinion or judgement – she is expressing that it's great to be alive, which is an opinion.

But the example in 9 is "I say let's forget" which is imperative like.

The context is her saying it to express joy.

But the closest is sense 1, as "say" in speech is expressing in words.

The 8: utter aloud, example She said `Hello' – this is also direct quote like.

But in WordNet, the sense 2:32:00 is the main for saying something.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: great
Target surface form: great
Context:
PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it <t>great</t> just to be alive? "I agreed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=great%5:00:01:large:00 | definition=relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind | examples=a great juicy steak; a great multitude
2. sense_key=great%5:00:01:important:00 | definition=of major significance or importance | synonyms=outstanding | examples=a great work of art; Einstein was one of the outstanding figures of the 20th centurey
3. sense_key=great%5:00:01:extraordinary:00 | definition=remarkable or out of the ordinary in degree or magnitude or effect | examples=a great crisis; had a great stake in the outcome
4. sense_key=great%5:00:00:good:01 | definition=very good | synonyms=bang-up, bully, corking, cracking, dandy, groovy | examples=he did a bully job; a neat sports car
5. sense_key=great%5:00:00:uppercase:00 | definition=uppercase | synonyms=capital, majuscule | examples=capital A; great A
6. sense_key=great%5:00:00:pregnant:00 | definition=in an advanced stage of pregnancy | synonyms=big, enceinte, expectant, gravid, large, heavy | examples=was big with child; was great with child

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "great" in the given context.
The context is: A homeless couple, and the woman says "Isn't it great just to be alive?" and the speaker agrees. It's a positive, joyful statement about being alive.

I need to pick the best sense for "great" in this context.

Looking at the candidates:

1. large/size – no.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: alive
Target surface form: alive
Context:
PANDA: Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be <t>alive</t>? "I agreed.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=alive%3:00:01:: | definition=possessing life | synonyms=live | examples=the happiest person alive; the nerve is alive
2. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:lively:00 | definition=(often followed by `with') full of life and spirit | examples=she was wonderfully alive for her age; a face alive with mischief
3. sense_key=alive%3:00:04:: | definition=having life or vigor or spirit | synonyms=animated | examples=an animated and expressive face; animated conversation
4. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:sensitive:02 | definition=(followed by `to' or `of') aware of | examples=is alive to the moods of others
5. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:existent:00 | definition=in operation | synonyms=active | examples=keep hope alive; the tradition was still alive
6. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:aware:00 | definition=mentally perceptive and responsive | synonyms=alert, awake | examples=an alert mind; alert to the problems
7. sense_key=alive%5:00:00:active:05 | definition=capable of erupting | synonyms=live | examples=a live volcano; the volcano is very much alive

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "alive" in the given context.
The context is: a homeless couple bundled into a sleeping bag, sat up, said good morning, and the woman said "Isn't it great just to be alive?" and the narrator agreed.

They're homeless, probably cold or uncomfortable, but still expressing that it's great to be alive. So, it's not about being lively or full of spirit (that would be sense 2), not about being aware (senses 4,6), not about active (5,7), not about having life in a general sense but specifically appreciating existence.

Sense 1: possessing life – yes, that's basic, alive as opposed to dead.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: agree
Target surface form: agreed
Context:
Flesh goes to total alert for flight or fight. Nausea seems a commonplace symptom. Berkeley very quiet right now. I walked along Shattuck between Delaware and Cedar at a few minutes before eight this morning. Next to Chez Panisse a homeless couple, bundled into a blue sleeping bag, sat up, said, "Good morning "and then the woman smiled, said, "Isn't it great just to be alive? "I <t>agreed</t>. It is.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=agree%2:32:00:: | definition=be in accord; be in agreement | synonyms=hold, concur, concord | examples=We agreed on the terms of the settlement; I can't agree with you!
2. sense_key=agree%2:32:01:: | definition=consent or assent to a condition, or agree to do something | examples=She agreed to all my conditions; He agreed to leave her alone
3. sense_key=agree%2:42:00:: | definition=be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics | synonyms=match, fit, correspond, check, jibe, gibe | examples=The two stories don't agree in many details; The handwriting checks with the signature on the check
4. sense_key=agree%2:42:01:: | definition=go together | synonyms=harmonize, harmonise, consort, accord, concord, fit in | examples=The colors don't harmonize; Their ideas concorded
5. sense_key=agree%2:42:03:: | definition=show grammatical agreement | examples=Subjects and verbs must always agree in English
6. sense_key=agree%2:40:02:: | definition=be agreeable or suitable | examples=White wine doesn't agree with me
7. sense_key=agree%2:32:04:: | definition=achieve harmony of opinion, feeling, or purpose | examples=No two of my colleagues would agree on whom to elect chairman

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to choose the best indexed sense for the target word "agreed" in the context.
The context is: A homeless couple says "Good morning" and the woman says "Isn't it great just to be alive?" and the narrator says "I agreed. It is."

The narrator is responding to her statement by agreeing with her, saying yes, it is great to be alive.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: group
Context:
U.N. <t>group</t> drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "group" in the context: "U.N. <t>group</t> drafts plan to reduce emissions..."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: plan
Target surface form: plan
Context:
U.N. group drafts <t>plan</t> to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=plan%1:09:00:: | definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | synonyms=program, programme | examples=they drew up a six-step plan; they discussed plans for a new bond issue
2. sense_key=plan%1:09:01:: | definition=an arrangement scheme | synonyms=design | examples=the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult; it was an excellent design for living
3. sense_key=plan%1:06:00:: | definition=scale drawing of a structure | synonyms=architectural plan | examples=the plans for City Hall were on file

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "plan" in the context: "U.N. group drafts <t>plan</t> to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing an...The context: "U.N. group drafts <t>plan</t> to reduce emissions" and then it talks about a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years.

It's about drafting a plan to reduce emissions, which sounds like a series of steps or goals to accomplish reducing emissions.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emission
Target surface form: emissions
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce <t>emissions</t> The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emission%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
2. sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
3. sense_key=emission%1:22:00:: | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
4. sense_key=emission%1:22:01:: | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
5. sense_key=emission%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "emission" in "emissions". The context is: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce <t>emissions</t> The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by...The target is "emissions" in the context of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. The sentence is: "U.N. group drafts plan to reduce <t>emissions</t>" and then talks about greenhouse-gas reductions.

I need to choose the single best indexed sense for "emission" in this context.

Looking at 2: sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge

Yes, emissions are substances emitted, like greenhouse gases.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored <t>climate</t> conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "climate" in the given context.
The context is about a climate conference to reduce emissions, talking about greenhouse gases, so it's clearly about the environment, climate change.

Candidate sense 1 is about weather averaged over time, with synonyms clime, examples about Wales and winter.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conference
Target surface form: conference
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate <t>conference</t> -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conference%1:14:00:: | definition=a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
2. sense_key=conference%1:14:01:: | definition=an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league
3. sense_key=conference%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to choose the best indexed sense for "conference" in the given context. The target lemma is "conference", surface form is "conference".
The context is about a U.N.-sponsored climate conference. It's a meeting where people discuss climate issues, reductions in emissions, etc. It's characterized by posturing and recriminations, and it's about drafting a plan for greenhouse-gas reductions.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. A prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (formal agenda) — This fits: it's a conference sponsored by U.N., formal, discussing emissions.

2. Sports association — No way.

3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: focus
Target surface form: focus
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed <t>focus</t> Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=focus%1:09:00:: | definition=the concentration of attention or energy on something | synonyms=focusing, focussing, focal point, direction, centering | examples=the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology; he had no direction in his life
2. sense_key=focus%1:07:01:: | definition=maximum clarity or distinctness of an image rendered by an optical system | examples=in focus; out of focus
3. sense_key=focus%1:07:03:: | definition=maximum clarity or distinctness of an idea | examples=the controversy brought clearly into focus an important difference of opinion
4. sense_key=focus%1:26:00:: | definition=a central point or locus of an infection in an organism | synonyms=focal point, nidus | examples=the focus of infection
5. sense_key=focus%1:26:01:: | definition=special emphasis attached to something | synonyms=stress | examples=the stress was more on accuracy than on speed
6. sense_key=focus%1:19:00:: | definition=a point of convergence of light (or other radiation) or a point from which it diverges | synonyms=focal point
7. sense_key=focus%1:15:00:: | definition=a fixed reference point on the concave side of a conic section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "focus" in the given context.
The context is about a climate conference that "gained renewed focus" with the release of a document. It's about gaining attention or emphasis on the topic again.

Looking at the candidates:

1. Seems like concentration of attention or energy on something. That matches "focus" as in directing attention.

2. Optical clarity, 3. clarity of idea, but not quite.

4. Central point of infection, no.

5. Special emphasis, close but not exactly.

6. Optical point.

7. Geometric.

In the sentence: "gained renewed <t>focus</t> Friday with the release of a document outlining..."

It's like the conference gained renewed attention or direction towards the document.

Sense 1 has "focal point, direction, centering" – yes.

Sense 3 has "brought clearly into focus an important difference" – that's using "focus" as in clarifying.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: document
Target surface form: document
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a <t>document</t> outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=document%1:10:00:: | definition=writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature) | synonyms=written document, papers
2. sense_key=document%1:06:00:: | definition=anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks
3. sense_key=document%1:21:00:: | definition=a written account of ownership or obligation
4. sense_key=document%1:10:01:: | definition=(computer science) a computer file that contains text (and possibly formatting instructions) using seven-bit ASCII characters | synonyms=text file

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "document" in the given context. I need to choose the best indexed sense from the candidates.
The task is to choose the single best indexed sense for the target word "document" in the given context. I need to return only a JSON object like {"sense_index": 3}.

The context: It's about releasing a "document" outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions, etc.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduction
Target surface form: reductions
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas <t>reductions</t> over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduction%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of decreasing or reducing something | synonyms=decrease, diminution, step-down
2. sense_key=reduction%1:22:00:: | definition=any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent | synonyms=reducing
3. sense_key=reduction%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of reducing complexity | synonyms=simplification

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "reduction" in the form "reductions". The context is about a U.N. plan to reduce emissions, specifically "ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40...


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 <t>years</t>, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to perform fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "year" with the surface form "years" in the given context.
The task is to choose the single best indexed sense for the target word "years" in the context. The context is about "over the next 40 years" in a climate conference document about greenhouse-gas reductions.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the <t>burden</t> in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to choose the best indexed sense for "burden" in the given context. The target lemma is "burden", surface form is "burden".
The context is: "industrialized nations shouldering most of the <t>burden</t> in the near term.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: term
Target surface form: term
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near <t>term</t>. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=term%1:10:00:: | definition=a word or expression used for some particular thing | examples=he learned many medical terms
2. sense_key=term%1:28:00:: | definition=a limited period of time | examples=a prison term; he left school before the end of term
3. sense_key=term%1:10:02:: | definition=(usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement | synonyms=condition | examples=the contract set out the conditions of the lease; the terms of the treaty were generous
4. sense_key=term%1:09:00:: | definition=any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial | examples=the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree
5. sense_key=term%1:10:01:: | definition=one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition | examples=the major term of a syllogism must occur twice
6. sense_key=term%1:28:01:: | definition=the end of gestation or point at which birth is imminent | synonyms=full term | examples=a healthy baby born at full term
7. sense_key=term%1:06:00:: | definition=(architecture) a statue or a human bust or an animal carved out of the top of a square pillar; originally used as a boundary marker in ancient Rome | synonyms=terminus, terminal figure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "term" in the given context.
The context is: "in the near <t>term</t>". It's talking about "in the near term" in the context of a climate conference and greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The <t>text</t>, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "text" in the given context.
The context is about a document outlining greenhouse-gas reductions, and they're referring to it as "the text" that could provide the basis for a final political deal.

It's a written document, like a report or draft.

Looking at candidates:

1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basis
Target surface form: basis
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the <t>basis</t> for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basis%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, ground | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
2. sense_key=basis%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
3. sense_key=basis%1:24:01:: | definition=the most important or necessary part of something | synonyms=base | examples=the basis of this drink is orange juice

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "basis" in the given context.
The context is: "The text, which could provide the <t>basis</t> for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward."

I need to choose the best sense from the three candidates.

Candidate 1: a relation that provides the foundation (synonyms: footing, ground) examples about being on a friendly footing, interim basis.

Candidate 2: the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed... (synonyms: base, foundation, etc.) example: argument rested on a basis of conjecture.

Candidate 3: the most important or necessary part (synonyms: base) example: basis of this drink is orange juice.

In the sentence, the text could provide the basis for the deal. This means the text provides the starting point or the foundational elements for developing the deal.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political <t>deal</t> to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "deal" in the given context.
The context is: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political <t>deal</t> to regulate greenhouse gases..."

It's talking about a political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, which is an agreement between parties.

Looking at the candidates:

1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obstacle
Target surface form: obstacles
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining <t>obstacles</t> as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obstacle%1:09:00:: | definition=something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted | synonyms=obstruction | examples=lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement; the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education
2. sense_key=obstacle%1:06:00:: | definition=an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "obstacles" with target lemma "obstacle".
The task is to choose the single best indexed sense for "obstacles" in the context, and return a JSON object with "sense_index": number.

There are two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=obstacle%1:09:00:: | definition=something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted | synonyms=obstruction | examples=lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement; the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education

2. sense_key=obstacle%1:06:00:: | definition=an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented)

The context is about climate conference and remaining obstacles in negotiations, which are abstract, political issues, not physical obstructions.

The definition in 1 specifies "immaterial", which fits perfectly: political disagreements, lack of cooperation etc. are immaterial things standing in the way.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: path
Target surface form: path
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a <t>path</t> forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=path%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=way, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
2. sense_key=path%1:06:00:: | definition=a way especially designed for a particular use
3. sense_key=path%1:15:00:: | definition=an established line of travel or access | synonyms=route, itinerary
4. sense_key=path%1:17:00:: | definition=a line or route along which something travels or moves | synonyms=track, course | examples=the hurricane demolished houses in its path; the track of an animal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is Word Sense Disambiguation for "path" in the given context.
The context is: "highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a <t>path</t> forward."

It's "illuminated a path forward." So, the text illuminated a path forward, meaning it showed a way forward.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advance
Target surface form: advance
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important <t>advance</t> in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advance%1:11:00:: | definition=a movement forward | synonyms=progress, progression | examples=he listened for the progress of the troops
2. sense_key=advance%1:11:01:: | definition=a change for the better; progress in development | synonyms=improvement, betterment
3. sense_key=advance%1:10:00:: | definition=a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others | synonyms=overture, approach, feeler | examples=she rejected his advances
4. sense_key=advance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) | synonyms=progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion
5. sense_key=advance%1:21:00:: | definition=an amount paid before it is earned | synonyms=cash advance
6. sense_key=advance%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=rise | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to choose the single best indexed sense for the target word "advance" in the given context. The target lemma is "advance", and the surface form is also "advance".
The context says: "But it was seen as an important <t>advance</t> in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week."

It's talking about the document being an important advance in the negotiation. So, it's progress or a step forward in the process of negotiating.

Looking at candidates:

1. movement forward | synonyms=progress, progression

2. a change for the better; progress in development | synonyms=improvement, betterment

3. tentative suggestion | like proposal

4. the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) | synonyms= progress, progression, advancement...

5. cash advance

6. increase in price or value

Clearly not 3,5,6.

Between 1,2,4: they are all similar, all about progress/movement forward.

But the phrase "advance in a negotiation" typically means progress/development in the negotiation process.

Sense 2 explicitly says "progress in development", which fits "in a negotiation" that is developing towards a deal.

Sense 4 is "act of moving forward toward a goal", which is also good, but 2 is more precise for "in development".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: negotiation
Target surface form: negotiation
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a <t>negotiation</t> that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue
2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "negotiation" in the given context.
The context is: "But it was seen as an important advance in a <t>negotiation</t> that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week."

It's about a climate conference with leaders arriving, running out of time, needing a deal to regulate greenhouse gases.

This is clearly the ongoing diplomatic talks and negotiations between countries to reach an agreement on emissions.

Looking at candidates:

1. a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue

2. the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

The context uses "negotiation" as the process that is running out of time, with leaders arriving, and it's an advance in it.

It fits better with sense 2, the activity or business of negotiating.

But the example in 1 uses "negot negotiation lasted several days" which is similar to "running out of time".

However, in common usage, "the negotiation" refers to the whole thing, but the definition in 1 is "a discussion", which might be too narrow, as the negotiation involves more than just one discussion.

The sentence says "an important advance in a negotiation", suggesting progress in the negotiation process.

Synonyms for 1 are dialogue, talks – which are parts of it.

I think sense 2 is broader and fits "the activity".

But let's see: in news articles, "the Copenhagen negotiation" refers to the entire event and process.

I believe the 2nd sense is better because it's the activity/business.

But the instructions say "use the context, synonyms, and examples together".

The example in 1 is "the buyout negotiation lasted several days" – this matches the usage "negotiation that is running out of time".

So perhaps 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of <t>time</t>, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to choose the single best indexed sense for "time" in the context sentence.
The context is: "But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of <t>time</t>, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week."

The phrase is "running out of time," which means there's not enough time left to do something.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: leader
Target surface form: leaders
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world <t>leaders</t> arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=leader%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who rules or guides or inspires others
2. sense_key=leader%1:06:00:: | definition=a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss in order to draw customers | synonyms=drawing card, loss leader

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The task is to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the target lemma "leader" with the surface form "leaders" in the given context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next <t>week</t>. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The task is to perform Word Sense Disambiguation for the lemma "week" in the given context.
The context is: "with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next <t>week</t>."

It's clearly referring to the next period of seven days, when leaders are arriving. So, "next week" as in the upcoming week.

Looking at the candidates:

1.