[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: counterpart
Target surface form: counterparts
Context:
Potential candidates may be discouraged from running less by the congressional salary than by the prospect of defeat at the hands of a Democratic opponent. To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic <t>counterparts</t>. Is there any empirical support for this theory?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=counterpart%1:09:00:: | definition=a person or thing having the same function or characteristics as another | synonyms=opposite number, vis-a-vis
2. sense_key=counterpart%1:06:00:: | definition=a duplicate copy | synonyms=similitude, twin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: empirical
Target surface form: empirical
Context:
To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any <t>empirical</t> support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=empirical%3:00:00:: | definition=derived from experiment and observation rather than theory | synonyms=empiric | examples=an empirical basis for an ethical theory; empirical laws
2. sense_key=empirical%3:01:00:: | definition=relying on medical quackery | synonyms=empiric | examples=empiric treatment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

service_tier: default

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: support
Target surface form: support
Context:
To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical <t>support</t> for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=support%1:04:04:: | definition=the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities | examples=his support kept the family together; they gave him emotional support during difficult times
2. sense_key=support%1:04:00:: | definition=aiding the cause or policy or interests of | examples=the president no longer has the support of his own party; they developed a scheme of mutual support
3. sense_key=support%1:09:00:: | definition=something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest | examples=the policy found little public support; his faith was all the support he needed
4. sense_key=support%1:04:03:: | definition=a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission | synonyms=reinforcement, reenforcement | examples=they called for artillery support
5. sense_key=support%1:04:02:: | definition=documentary validation | synonyms=documentation | examples=his documentation of the results was excellent; the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones
6. sense_key=support%1:21:00:: | definition=the financial means whereby one lives | synonyms=keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance | examples=each child was expected to pay for their keep; he applied to the state for support
7. sense_key=support%1:06:01:: | definition=supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation | examples=the statue stood on a marble support
8. sense_key=support%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening | synonyms=supporting | examples=he leaned against the wall for support
9. sense_key=support%1:10:01:: | definition=a musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical parts | synonyms=accompaniment, musical accompaniment, backup
10. sense_key=support%1:06:00:: | definition=any device that bears the weight of another thing | examples=there was no place to attach supports for a shelf
11. sense_key=support%1:21:01:: | definition=financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=financial support, funding, backing, financial backing | examples=the foundation provided support for the experiment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: piece
Target surface form: pieces
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three <t>pieces</t> of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=piece%1:06:00:: | definition=a separate part of a whole | examples=an important piece of the evidence
2. sense_key=piece%1:06:05:: | definition=an item that is an instance of some type | examples=he designed a new piece of equipment; she bought a lovely piece of china
3. sense_key=piece%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=part | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=piece%1:10:01:: | definition=a musical work that has been created | synonyms=musical composition, opus, composition, piece of music | examples=the composition is written in four movements
5. sense_key=piece%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance of some kind | synonyms=bit | examples=it was a nice piece of work; he had a bit of good luck
6. sense_key=piece%1:10:02:: | definition=an artistic or literary composition | examples=he wrote an interesting piece on Iran; the children acted out a comic piece to amuse the guests
7. sense_key=piece%1:06:03:: | definition=a portable gun | synonyms=firearm, small-arm | examples=he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster
8. sense_key=piece%1:13:00:: | definition=a serving that has been cut from a larger portion | synonyms=slice | examples=a piece of pie; a slice of bread
9. sense_key=piece%1:07:00:: | definition=a distance | examples=it is down the road a piece
10. sense_key=piece%1:06:04:: | definition=a work of art of some artistic value | synonyms=objet d'art, art object | examples=this store sells only objets d'art; it is not known who created this piece
11. sense_key=piece%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition | synonyms=while, spell, patch | examples=he was here for a little while; I need to rest for a piece
12. sense_key=piece%1:21:00:: | definition=a share of something | synonyms=slice | examples=a slice of the company's revenue
13. sense_key=piece%1:06:02:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=man | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of <t>evidence</t> corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: assumption
Target surface form: assumption
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key <t>assumption</t> that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=assumption%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn | synonyms=premise, premiss | examples=on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play
2. sense_key=assumption%1:09:00:: | definition=a hypothesis that is taken for granted | synonyms=supposition, supposal | examples=any society is built upon certain assumptions
3. sense_key=assumption%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of taking possession of or power over something | synonyms=laying claim | examples=his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba; the Nazi assumption of power in 1934
4. sense_key=assumption%1:28:00:: | definition=celebration in the Roman Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary's being taken up into heaven when her earthly life ended; corresponds to the Dormition in the Eastern Orthodox Church | synonyms=Assumption of Mary, August 15
5. sense_key=assumption%1:11:00:: | definition=(Christianity) the taking up of the body and soul of the Virgin Mary when her earthly life had ended
6. sense_key=assumption%1:07:00:: | definition=audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to | synonyms=presumption, presumptuousness, effrontery | examples=he despised them for their presumptuousness
7. sense_key=assumption%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of assuming or taking for granted | examples=your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democratic
Target surface form: Democratic
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that <t>Democratic</t> legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: willing
Target surface form: willing
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more <t>willing</t> to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=willing%3:00:00:: | definition=disposed or inclined toward | examples=a willing participant; willing helpers
2. sense_key=willing%5:00:00:voluntary:01 | definition=not brought about by coercion or force | synonyms=uncoerced, unforced | examples=the confession was uncoerced

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: engage
Target surface form: engage
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to <t>engage</t> in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=engage%2:41:06:: | definition=carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in | synonyms=prosecute, pursue | examples=She pursued many activities; They engaged in a discussion
2. sense_key=engage%2:31:00:: | definition=consume all of one's attention or time | synonyms=absorb, engross, occupy | examples=Her interest in butterflies absorbs her completely
3. sense_key=engage%2:41:01:: | definition=engage or hire for work | synonyms=hire, employ | examples=They hired two new secretaries in the department; How many people has she employed?
4. sense_key=engage%2:41:00:: | definition=ask to represent; of legal counsel | examples=I'm retaining a lawyer
5. sense_key=engage%2:32:00:: | definition=give to in marriage | synonyms=betroth, affiance, plight
6. sense_key=engage%2:30:00:: | definition=get caught | examples=make sure the gear is engaged
7. sense_key=engage%2:41:12:: | definition=carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns) | synonyms=wage | examples=Napoleon and Hitler waged war against all of Europe
8. sense_key=engage%2:40:01:: | definition=hire for work or assistance | synonyms=enlist | examples=engage aid, help, services, or support
9. sense_key=engage%2:40:00:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, take | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
10. sense_key=engage%2:35:00:: | definition=keep engaged | synonyms=mesh, lock, operate | examples=engaged the gears

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in <t>local</t> benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their <t>Republican</t> colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: colleague
Target surface form: colleagues
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican <t>colleagues</t>. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=colleague%1:18:00:: | definition=an associate that one works with | synonyms=co-worker, fellow worker, workfellow
2. sense_key=colleague%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is member of one's class or profession | synonyms=confrere, fellow | examples=the surgeon consulted his colleagues; he sent e-mail to his fellow hackers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: First
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. <t>First</t>, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%4:02:00:: | definition=before anything else | synonyms=firstly, foremost, first of all, first off | examples=first we must consider the garter snake
2. sense_key=first%4:02:02:: | definition=the initial time | synonyms=for the first time | examples=when Felix first saw a garter snake
3. sense_key=first%4:02:03:: | definition=before another in time, space, or importance | examples=I was here first; let's do this job first
4. sense_key=first%4:02:01:: | definition=prominently forward | synonyms=foremost | examples=he put his best foot foremost

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: find
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo <t>find</t> that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated <t>personal</t> staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: staff
Target surface form: staff
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal <t>staff</t> budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=staff%1:14:01:: | definition=personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions
2. sense_key=staff%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose | examples=he walked with the help of a wooden staff
3. sense_key=staff%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | synonyms=faculty | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university
4. sense_key=staff%1:27:00:: | definition=building material consisting of plaster and hair; used to cover external surfaces of temporary structure (as at an exposition) or for decoration
5. sense_key=staff%1:10:01:: | definition=a rod carried as a symbol
6. sense_key=staff%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written | synonyms=stave

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: budget
Target surface form: budgets
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff <t>budgets</t> than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=budget%1:21:02:: | definition=a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose | examples=the laboratory runs on a budget of a million a year
2. sense_key=budget%1:21:03:: | definition=a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them | examples=the president submitted the annual budget to Congress

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democrat
Target surface form: Democrats
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than <t>Democrats</t> do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democrat%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Democratic Party
2. sense_key=democrat%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the <t>extent</t> that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: primary
Target surface form: primary
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the <t>primary</t> duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=primary%3:00:00:: | definition=of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary | examples=primary goals; a primary effect
2. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:underived:00 | definition=not derived from or reducible to something else; basic | examples=a primary instinct
3. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, main, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
4. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:basic:00 | definition=of or being the essential or basic part | synonyms=elementary, elemental | examples=an elementary need for love and nurturing
5. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:essential:00 | definition=of primary importance | synonyms=basal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: duty
Target surface form: duty
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary <t>duty</t> of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=duty%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=responsibility, obligation | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
2. sense_key=duty%1:04:02:: | definition=work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons | examples=the duties of the job
3. sense_key=duty%1:21:00:: | definition=a government tax on imports or exports | synonyms=tariff | examples=they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of <t>personal</t> staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: staff
Target surface form: staff
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal <t>staff</t> involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=staff%1:14:01:: | definition=personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions
2. sense_key=staff%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose | examples=he walked with the help of a wooden staff
3. sense_key=staff%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | synonyms=faculty | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university
4. sense_key=staff%1:27:00:: | definition=building material consisting of plaster and hair; used to cover external surfaces of temporary structure (as at an exposition) or for decoration
5. sense_key=staff%1:10:01:: | definition=a rod carried as a symbol
6. sense_key=staff%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written | synonyms=stave

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involves
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff <t>involves</t> local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves <t>local</t> benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: indicate
Target surface form: indicates
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this <t>indicates</t> that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=indicate%2:32:01:: | definition=be a signal for or a symptom of | synonyms=bespeak, betoken, point, signal | examples=These symptoms indicate a serious illness; Her behavior points to a severe neurosis
2. sense_key=indicate%2:32:03:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=point, designate, show | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
3. sense_key=indicate%2:32:00:: | definition=to state or express briefly | examples=indicated his wishes in a letter
4. sense_key=indicate%2:32:02:: | definition=give evidence of | synonyms=argue | examples=The evidence argues for your claim; The results indicate the need for more work
5. sense_key=indicate%2:32:04:: | definition=suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine | synonyms=suggest | examples=Tetracycline is indicated in such cases

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: political
Target surface form: political
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that <t>political</t> philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=political%3:00:00:: | definition=involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians; - Daniel Goleman | examples=calling a meeting is a political act in itself; political pressure
2. sense_key=political%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to your views about social relationships involving authority or power | examples=political opinions
3. sense_key=political%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the profession of governing | examples=political career

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: philosophy
Target surface form: philosophy
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political <t>philosophy</t> leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=philosophy%1:09:01:: | definition=a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school | synonyms=doctrine, philosophical system, school of thought, ism
2. sense_key=philosophy%1:09:00:: | definition=the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics
3. sense_key=philosophy%1:09:02:: | definition=any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation | examples=self-indulgence was his only philosophy; my father's philosophy of child-rearing was to let mother do it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: lead
Target surface form: leads
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy <t>leads</t> congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=lead%2:38:01:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=take, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
2. sense_key=lead%2:42:04:: | definition=have as a result or residue | synonyms=leave, result | examples=The water left a mark on the silk dress; Her blood left a stain on the napkin
3. sense_key=lead%2:42:12:: | definition=tend to or result in | examples=This remark lead to further arguments among the guests
4. sense_key=lead%2:38:00:: | definition=travel in front of; go in advance of others | synonyms=head | examples=The procession was headed by John
5. sense_key=lead%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to undertake a certain action | examples=Her greed led her to forge the checks
6. sense_key=lead%2:42:00:: | definition=stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope; run or extend between two points or beyond a certain point | synonyms=run, go, pass, extend | examples=Service runs all the way to Cranbury; His knowledge doesn't go very far
7. sense_key=lead%2:41:00:: | definition=be in charge of | synonyms=head | examples=Who is heading this project?
8. sense_key=lead%2:42:01:: | definition=be ahead of others; be the first | synonyms=top | examples=she topped her class every year
9. sense_key=lead%2:41:12:: | definition=be conducive to | synonyms=contribute, conduce | examples=The use of computers in the classroom lead to better writing
10. sense_key=lead%2:36:00:: | definition=lead, as in the performance of a composition | synonyms=conduct, direct | examples=conduct an orchestra; Barenboim conducted the Chicago symphony for years
11. sense_key=lead%2:42:03:: | definition=lead, extend, or afford access | synonyms=go | examples=This door goes to the basement; The road runs South
12. sense_key=lead%2:38:02:: | definition=move ahead (of others) in time or space | synonyms=precede
13. sense_key=lead%2:42:02:: | definition=cause something to pass or lead somewhere | synonyms=run | examples=Run the wire behind the cabinet
14. sense_key=lead%2:32:01:: | definition=preside over | synonyms=moderate, chair | examples=John moderated the discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republicans
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional <t>Republicans</t> to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Republican Party
2. sense_key=republican%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of a republic (usually in opposition to a monarchy)
3. sense_key=republican%1:17:00:: | definition=a tributary of the Kansas River that flows from eastern Colorado eastward through Nebraska and Kansas | synonyms=Republican River

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: narrow
Target surface form: narrow
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to <t>narrow</t> constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=narrow%3:00:00:: | definition=not wide | examples=a narrow bridge; a narrow line across the page
2. sense_key=narrow%5:00:00:limited:00 | definition=limited in size or scope | examples=the narrow sense of a word
3. sense_key=narrow%3:00:06:: | definition=lacking tolerance or flexibility or breadth of view | synonyms=narrow-minded | examples=a brilliant but narrow-minded judge; narrow opinions
4. sense_key=narrow%3:00:02:: | definition=very limited in degree | examples=won by a narrow margin; a narrow escape
5. sense_key=narrow%5:00:00:careful:00 | definition=characterized by painstaking care and detailed examination | synonyms=minute | examples=a minute inspection of the grounds; a narrow scrutiny

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: constituent
Target surface form: constituent
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow <t>constituent</t> concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=constituent%1:06:00:: | definition=an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up; especially a part that can be separated from or attached to a system | synonyms=component, element | examples=spare components for cars; a component or constituent element of a system
2. sense_key=constituent%1:18:00:: | definition=a member of a constituency; a citizen who is represented in a government by officials for whom he or she votes | examples=needs continued support by constituents to be re-elected
3. sense_key=constituent%1:24:00:: | definition=something determined in relation to something that includes it | synonyms=part, portion, component part, component | examples=he wanted to feel a part of something bigger than himself; I read a portion of the manuscript
4. sense_key=constituent%1:10:00:: | definition=(grammar) a word or phrase or clause forming part of a larger grammatical construction | synonyms=grammatical constituent
5. sense_key=constituent%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract part of something | synonyms=component, element, factor, ingredient | examples=jealousy was a component of his character; two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concern
Target surface form: concerns
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent <t>concerns</t>. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern
2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=care, fear | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=concern%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of sympathy for someone or something | examples=She felt strong concern for those less fortunate
4. sense_key=concern%1:09:01:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=worry, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
5. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: | definition=a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it | synonyms=business, business concern, business organization, business organisation | examples=he bought his brother's business; a small mom-and-pop business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: assumption
Target surface form: assumption
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key <t>assumption</t> is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=assumption%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn | synonyms=premise, premiss | examples=on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play
2. sense_key=assumption%1:09:00:: | definition=a hypothesis that is taken for granted | synonyms=supposition, supposal | examples=any society is built upon certain assumptions
3. sense_key=assumption%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of taking possession of or power over something | synonyms=laying claim | examples=his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba; the Nazi assumption of power in 1934
4. sense_key=assumption%1:28:00:: | definition=celebration in the Roman Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary's being taken up into heaven when her earthly life ended; corresponds to the Dormition in the Eastern Orthodox Church | synonyms=Assumption of Mary, August 15
5. sense_key=assumption%1:11:00:: | definition=(Christianity) the taking up of the body and soul of the Virgin Mary when her earthly life had ended
6. sense_key=assumption%1:07:00:: | definition=audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to | synonyms=presumption, presumptuousness, effrontery | examples=he despised them for their presumptuousness
7. sense_key=assumption%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of assuming or taking for granted | examples=your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: valid
Target surface form: valid
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is <t>valid</t>, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=valid%3:00:00:: | definition=well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force | examples=a valid inference; a valid argument
2. sense_key=valid%5:00:00:unexpired:00 | definition=still legally acceptable | examples=the license is still valid

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.