[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: view
Target surface form: view
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite <t>view</t> that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=view%1:09:02:: | definition=a way of regarding situations or topics etc. | synonyms=position, perspective | examples=consider what follows from the positivist view
2. sense_key=view%1:09:01:: | definition=the visual percept of a region | synonyms=aspect, prospect, scene, vista, panorama | examples=the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views
3. sense_key=view%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of looking or seeing or observing | synonyms=survey, sight | examples=he tried to get a better view of it; his survey of the battlefield was limited
4. sense_key=view%1:15:00:: | definition=the range of the eye | synonyms=eyeshot | examples=they were soon out of view
5. sense_key=view%1:09:04:: | definition=a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty | synonyms=opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought | examples=my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion
6. sense_key=view%1:10:00:: | definition=a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof | synonyms=opinion | examples=his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page
7. sense_key=view%1:09:00:: | definition=purpose; the phrase `with a view to' means `with the intention of' or `for the purpose of' | examples=he took the computer with a view to pawning it
8. sense_key=view%1:06:00:: | definition=graphic art consisting of the graphic or photographic representation of a visual percept | synonyms=scene | examples=he painted scenes from everyday life; figure 2 shows photographic and schematic views of the equipment
9. sense_key=view%1:07:00:: | definition=the range of interest or activity that can be anticipated | synonyms=horizon, purview | examples=It is beyond the horizon of present knowledge
10. sense_key=view%1:07:01:: | definition=outward appearance | examples=they look the same in outward view

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
Looking at the context, "a Luddite view" refers to a perspective or way of regarding the situation regarding instant news coverage. The journalists are characterizing the claim as reflecting a particular standpoint or way of looking at things (a Luddite perspective on technology and news delivery). This aligns with sense 1's definition of "a way of regarding situations or topics etc." with synonyms like "perspective" and "position."

{"sense_index": 1}

reasoning_content:
The target word is "view" in the context: "...the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy..."

Here, "view" refers to a belief, opinion, or perspective held by the journalists making this claim. It's a personal belief or judgment about something.

Let me look at the candidates:
1. view%1:09:02:: - a way of regarding situations or topics etc. (position, perspective) - "consider what follows from the positivist view"
5. view%1:09:04:: - a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty (opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought) - "my opinion differs from yours"
6. view%1:10:00:: - a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief (opinion) - "his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page"

The context is about a "Luddite view" - this is a perspective/opinion/belief held by the journalists. It's a way of regarding the situation, or a personal belief.

Sense 1 (a way of regarding situations or topics etc.) with synonyms "position, perspective" seems to fit well - it's about how one regards a situation or topic. A "Luddite view" is a Luddite perspective on the matter.

Sense 5 (a personal belief or judgment not founded on proof or certainty) with synonyms "opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought" also fits - the claim is a belief/judgment.

Sense 6 is more about the expression of a belief (a message), which is less fitting here since "view" here refers to the belief itself, not the expression of it.

Between sense 1 and sense 5: Sense 1 is "a way of regarding situations or topics" - this is more about a perspective or standpoint. Sense 5 is "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty" - this is more about an opinion.

In the context, "a Luddite view that would make poor court policy" - this is describing a perspective/way of looking at things. The journalists are characterizing the claim as a Luddite perspective. It's somewhat of an opinion, but "view" here leans more toward "perspective" or "way of regarding" the situation.

Actually, let me reconsider. "A Luddite view" - this is essentially calling it a Luddite opinion/belief. The claim is being characterized as a belief that is held (perhaps not well-founded, from the journalists' perspective).

Sense 5's definition "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty" fits well because the journalists are dismissing this claim as a Luddite opinion - they're suggesting it's not based on solid proof.

But sense 1's definition "a way of regarding situations or topics etc." with synonym "perspective" also fits - it's a Luddite perspective/way of regarding the situation.

I think sense 1 is slightly better because "view" here is more about a perspective/way of looking at things rather than a specific opinion that lacks proof. The word "Luddite" modifies "view" to describe what kind of perspective it is - one that's anti-technology.

Actually, let me reconsider again. The sentence says "the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view." Here, "view" is equated with "claim" - it's a belief/judgment/opinion.

Sense 5: "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty" - synonyms: opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought

Sense 1: "a way of regarding situations or topics etc." - synonyms: position, perspective

I think sense 5 fits better because the "view" here is essentially an opinion/belief (the claim itself), not just a way of regarding something. The journalists are calling it a "Luddite view" = a Luddite opinion.

Hmm, but actually both could work. Let me think about which is more natural.

"A Luddite view" - is this a Luddite perspective or a Luddite opinion? I think it could be either, but in common usage, "view" in this context often means "opinion" or "perspective."

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 1: "consider what follows from the positivist view" - here "view" means perspective/standpoint
- Sense 5: "my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion" - here it means opinion/belief

In the context, "a Luddite view" is being used to describe a belief/opinion that the journalists disagree with. This seems closer to sense 5 (a personal belief or judgment).

But wait, let me also consider sense 6: "a message expressing a belief about something; the expression of a belief that is held with confidence but not substantiated by positive knowledge or proof" - synonyms: opinion. This is about the expression of a belief, which is less fitting since "view" here is the belief itself, not its expression.

I'll go with sense 5: "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty" - this fits because the journalists are characterizing the claim as a belief/judgment (a Luddite one), implying it's not well-founded.

Actually, let me reconsider once more. Sense 1 says "a way of regarding situations or topics etc." - this is quite broad and includes perspectives, positions. A "Luddite view" could be seen as "a Luddite way of regarding the situation."

Sense 5 says "a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty" - this is more specifically about beliefs/opinions that lack proof.

In the context, the journalists are calling the claim "a Luddite view" - they're essentially saying it's a Luddite opinion/perspective. The emphasis seems to be on it being a perspective/way of thinking rather than specifically on it lacking proof (though that's implied by "Luddite").

I think I'll go with sense 1 because "view" here is more about a perspective/way of regarding the situation, and the synonym "perspective" fits well. The example "consider what follows from the positivist view" is similar in structure to the usage here.

Wait, actually, let me reconsider the context more carefully. "The claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy."

Here, "view" = "claim" = a belief/opinion. The journalists are saying this claim is a Luddite opinion. This seems to fit sense 5 (a personal belief or judgment) better than sense 1 (a way of regarding situations).

But actually, "a way of regarding situations or topics" could also encompass this. A "Luddite view" is a Luddite way of regarding the situation.

I think both senses are valid, but I'll go with sense 1 because:
1. "View" in the sense of "perspective" or "way of regarding" is more common in this kind of usage
2. The synonym "perspective" fits well
3. "A Luddite view" = "a Luddite perspective" seems natural

Actually, I keep going back and forth. Let me make a decision.

The key distinction:
- Sense 1: a way of regarding situations or topics (perspective, position)
- Sense 5: a personal belief or judgment not founded on proof (opinion, sentiment)

In this context, "a Luddite view" is being used to characterize a claim as an opinion/belief. The journalists are saying "that claim is just a Luddite opinion." This seems closer to sense 5.

But "a Luddite view" could also be "a Luddite perspective" - a way of looking at things from a Luddite standpoint.

I think I'll go with sense 1, as "view" meaning "perspective" or "way of regarding" is a very common usage, and the example "consider what follows from the positivist view" is structurally similar.

Hmm, but actually, sense 5's synonyms include "opinion" which is very close to how "view" is being used here. The claim is being called an opinion (a Luddite one).

Let me look at this differently. The context says "the claim... was a Luddite view." Here, "view" is equated with "claim" - which is an assertion/belief/opinion. This seems to fit sense 5 (a personal belief or judgment) or sense 6 (a message expressing a belief).

Sense 6 is about the expression of a belief (a message), while sense 5 is about the belief itself. Since "view" here refers to the belief/opinion itself (not its expression), sense 5 seems better.

But sense 1 (a way of regarding situations) could also encompass this - a "view" as a perspective includes beliefs and opinions.

I think the most fitting sense is sense 1 or sense 5. Let me go with sense 1 because:
- "A Luddite view" = "a Luddite perspective" is a natural reading
- Sense 1's definition "a way of regarding situations or topics" is broad enough to include this usage
- The synonym "perspective" fits well

Actually, you know what, I think I'm overthinking this. Let me re-read the context one more time.

"the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials."

"A Luddite view" here is essentially "a Luddite opinion" or "a Luddite perspective." The journalists are calling this claim a Luddite opinion that would make poor policy.

I think sense 5 (a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty) fits well because:
1. The journalists are dismissing the claim as a Luddite opinion (implying it's not well-founded)
2. The synonym "opinion" fits perfectly
3. The definition mentions "not founded on proof or certainty" which aligns with the dismissive tone of "Luddite"

But sense 1 (a way of regarding situations or topics) also fits because:
1. "A Luddite view" = "a Luddite way of regarding the situation"
2. The synonym "perspective" fits
3. The example "consider what follows from the positivist view" is similar

I'll go with sense 1. My reasoning: "view" in this context is used in the general sense of "a way of regarding situations or topics" - it's a perspective/standpoint. The journalists are characterizing the claim as reflecting a Luddite perspective. While it could be seen as an "opinion" (sense 5), the broader sense of "perspective" or "way of regarding" (sense 1) seems more appropriate here.

Wait, I just realized I should consider this more carefully. Let me look at the distinction between senses 1 and 5 again:

Sense 1: a way of regarding situations or topics etc. (position, perspective)
- Example: "consider what follows from the positivist view"
- This is about a standpoint or perspective from which one analyzes things

Sense 5: a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty (opinion, sentiment, persuasion, thought)
- Example: "my opinion differs from yours; I am not of your persuasion"
- This is about a personal belief or opinion

In the context, "a Luddite view" is being used to describe a specific claim/belief. The journalists are saying "that claim is a Luddite opinion." This seems more like sense 5 (a personal belief or judgment) than sense 1 (a way of regarding situations).

But "a Luddite view" could also be interpreted as "a Luddite perspective" - a way of looking at things from a Luddite standpoint, which would be sense 1.

I think the key question is: is "view" here referring to a specific opinion/claim, or to a general perspective/way of regarding things?

In the context, "the claim... was a Luddite view" - here, "view" is equated with a specific claim. This suggests it's more of an opinion/belief (sense 5) than a general perspective (sense 1).

But actually, "a Luddite view" could also be interpreted as "a view that is Luddite in nature" - i.e., a perspective that reflects Luddite thinking. In this case, sense 1 would fit.

I think I'll go with sense 5 because:
1. "View" is equated with "claim" - a specific belief/opinion
2. The synonym "opinion" fits well
3. The dismissive tone ("Luddite") suggests the journalists see it as an unfounded belief

Actually, no. Let me reconsider. "A Luddite view" is more naturally read as "a Luddite perspective" or "a Luddite way of looking at things" rather than "a Luddite opinion." The word "view" in this context seems to refer to a perspective/standpoint rather than a specific opinion.

Also, looking at the example for sense 1: "consider what follows from the positivist view" - this is similar to the usage in the context, where "view" refers to a perspective/standpoint.

I'll go with sense 1.

Hmm, but actually, I realize that in common usage, "view" can mean both "perspective" and "opinion." The distinction between senses 1 and 5 is subtle:

Sense 1: a way of regarding situations or topics (perspective, position) - more about a standpoint
Sense 5: a personal belief or judgment not founded on proof (opinion, sentiment) - more about a specific belief

In the context, "a Luddite view" could be either. But I think the emphasis is on it being a perspective/way of thinking (Luddite), rather than a specific unfounded belief. So sense 1 seems better.

Let me also consider that sense 5's definition says "not founded on proof or certainty" - this adds a nuance of the belief being unfounded. While the journalists might think the claim is unfounded, "view" in this context doesn't necessarily emphasize the lack of proof. It's more about the nature of the perspective (Luddite).

OK, I'll go with sense 1: "a way of regarding situations or topics etc."

Final answer: sense 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: court
Target surface form: court
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor <t>court</t> policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=court%1:14:00:: | definition=an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
2. sense_key=court%1:06:02:: | definition=a room in which a lawcourt sits | synonyms=courtroom | examples=television cameras were admitted in the courtroom
3. sense_key=court%1:14:01:: | definition=the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state | synonyms=royal court
4. sense_key=court%1:06:01:: | definition=a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played | examples=players had to reserve a court in advance
5. sense_key=court%1:18:00:: | definition=Australian woman tennis player who won many major championships (born in 1947) | synonyms=Margaret Court
6. sense_key=court%1:14:02:: | definition=the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince | synonyms=royal court
7. sense_key=court%1:06:03:: | definition=a hotel for motorists; provides direct access from rooms to parking area | synonyms=motor hotel, motor inn, motor lodge, tourist court
8. sense_key=court%1:06:05:: | definition=a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice
9. sense_key=court%1:06:04:: | definition=the residence of a sovereign or nobleman | examples=the king will visit the duke's court
10. sense_key=court%1:06:00:: | definition=an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings | synonyms=courtyard | examples=the house was built around an inner court
11. sense_key=court%1:04:00:: | definition=respectful deference | synonyms=homage | examples=pay court to the emperor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "court" in the phrase "court policy governing coverage of future trials."
Context: "the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials."
Here "court policy" refers to the policy of the judicial system/courts. It's about the institution of the court.
Sense 1: an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
Sense 8: a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice

"court policy governing coverage of future trials" refers to policies set by the judicial system or the court as an institution.
Let's look at Sense 1 and Sense 8.
Sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business" (tribunal, judicature)
Sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws" (lawcourt, court of law, court of justice)

Wait, "court policy" is policy of the court as an institution.
Let's check the context: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."
"court policy" -> policy of the judicial system. Sense 1 or 8.
Sense 1 is "court%1:14:00::" - an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business
Sense 8 is "court%1:06:02::"? No, 8 is "court%1:06:05::".
Wait, sense_key=court%1:14:00:: is assembly.
sense_key=court%1:06:05:: is tribunal presided over by a magistrate...
Wait, "court policy" - usually it refers to the institution.
Let's consider "court policy". "court" here acts as a noun adjunct modifying "policy". The "court" is the judicial institution.
Sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business". "court policy" -> the policy of the assembly.
Sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws".
Is there a better fit? "court policy governing coverage of future trials" means the policy adopted by the court.
In WordNet, "court" (noun):
1. tribunal, judicature (an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business)
2. courtroom, court (a room in which a lawcourt sits)
...
8. lawcourt, court of law, court of justice (a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws)

Wait, sense 1 is generally used for the court as an institution. Sense 8 is also a tribunal. But Sense 1 is the primary sense for the judicial body.
Let's see: "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments..." "adaptation by the courts."
"court policy" means the policy of the court. Which sense?
Sense 1 is often the first sense of "court" as a judicial body. Sense 8 might be a more specific "court of law". Wait, "court of law" is a synonym for sense 8.
"court" in "court policy" represents the judicial body as a whole. Sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business".
Let's choose Sense 1.
Let's double check Sense 8. Sense 8 definition: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws". This is also a judicial body. But Sense 1 is "an assembly...".
Usually, "court policy" refers to the court as an institution, which aligns well with Sense 1. Sense 1 is the most general sense for the judicial body. Wait, sense 1 is synset {court, tribunal, judicature}. Sense 8 is synset {court, lawcourt, court of law, court of justice}.
In "court policy", it's referring to the policies established by the court as an institution. Sense 1 is the standard choice for the institution of the court.
Let's consider "court" in "court policy governing coverage of future trials". It refers to the judiciary or the court system. Sense 1 (tribunal, judicature).
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court <t>policy</t> governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about "court policy governing coverage of future trials." This refers to a plan of action adopted by an institution (the court). This matches sense 1: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: coverage
Target surface form: coverage
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing <t>coverage</t> of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=coverage%1:21:00:: | definition=the total amount and type of insurance carried | synonyms=insurance coverage
2. sense_key=coverage%1:07:00:: | definition=the extent to which something is covered | examples=the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent
3. sense_key=coverage%1:10:00:: | definition=the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television | synonyms=reporting, reportage | examples=they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context discusses media coverage of a trial, news media, Twitter coverage, and court policy governing coverage of future trials. This clearly relates to news reporting.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trial
Target surface form: trials
Context:
But their arguments about the effect of the intense coverage of the trial may draw the most interest. They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future <t>trials</t>. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trial%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of testing something | synonyms=test, run | examples=in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately; he called each flip of the coin a new trial
2. sense_key=trial%1:09:00:: | definition=trying something to find out about it | synonyms=trial run, test, tryout | examples=a sample for ten days free trial; a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain
3. sense_key=trial%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of undergoing testing | synonyms=test | examples=he survived the great test of battle; candidates must compete in a trial of skill
4. sense_key=trial%1:04:02:: | definition=(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law | examples=he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial
5. sense_key=trial%1:11:01:: | definition=(sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications | examples=the trials for the semifinals began yesterday
6. sense_key=trial%1:11:00:: | definition=an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event | synonyms=tribulation, visitation | examples=his mother-in-law's visits were a great trial for him; life is full of tribulations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about court proceedings, media coverage, verdicts, courthouses, appeals courts, etc. The word "trials" refers to legal trials.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: argument
Target surface form: arguments
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to <t>arguments</t> that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=argument%1:10:02:: | definition=a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true | synonyms=statement | examples=it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true
2. sense_key=argument%1:10:03:: | definition=a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement | synonyms=controversy, contention, contestation, disputation, disceptation, tilt | examples=they were involved in a violent argument
3. sense_key=argument%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal | synonyms=argumentation, debate | examples=the argument over foreign aid goes on and on
4. sense_key=argument%1:10:01:: | definition=a summary of the subject or plot of a literary work or play or movie | synonyms=literary argument | examples=the editor added the argument to the poem
5. sense_key=argument%1:10:04:: | definition=(computer science) a reference or value that is passed to a function, procedure, subroutine, command, or program | synonyms=parameter
6. sense_key=argument%1:09:00:: | definition=a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable
7. sense_key=argument%1:09:01:: | definition=a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning | synonyms=argumentation, logical argument, line of reasoning, line | examples=I can't follow your line of reasoning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "arguments" in the context: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

Here, "arguments" refers to reasoning or lines of reasoning presented to the court - that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. These are facts or assertions offered as evidence, or a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth.

Sense 1: "a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true" - this fits well as the lawyers are offering assertions (that social and technological changes required adaptation) as evidence/claims.

Sense 7: "a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning" - this also fits as the lawyers are presenting a course of reasoning.

In legal context, "arguments" typically refers to the reasoning or claims presented to support a position. Sense 1 (a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true) seems to fit well - the lawyers are attracted to arguments (assertions/claims) that social and technological changes required adaptation.

Sense 7 (a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth) also fits - these are lines of reasoning presented to the court.

Between sense 1 and sense 7: Sense 1 focuses on a "fact or assertion offered as evidence" while sense 7 focuses on "a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood." In this legal context, the lawyers are presenting reasoning/arguments to the appeals courts. The phrase "arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts" suggests a line of reasoning rather than just a single assertion. Sense 7 seems slightly better fit as it captures the methodical process of logical reasoning that lawyers present to courts.

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 1 example: "it was a strong argument that his hypothesis was true" - this is about an assertion/evidence. Sense 7 example: "I can't follow your line of reasoning" - this is about the process of reasoning.

In the context "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts" - this seems to be about the claims/reasoning that lawyers present. It could be either, but I think sense 1 (a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true) fits well because the lawyers are offering claims/assertions as evidence that the courts need to adapt.

However, sense 7 also fits because in legal contexts, "arguments" often refers to the structured reasoning presented. The fact that appeals courts are "attracted to" these arguments suggests they find the reasoning compelling.

I'll go with sense 1 as it's more straightforward - the arguments are assertions/claims offered as evidence that something is true (that social and technological changes require adaptation).

Wait, let me think more carefully. "Arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts" - this is describing a type of claim or assertion that appeals courts find attractive. The lawyers are "pressing that claim" - which aligns with sense 1 (a fact or assertion offered as evidence).

I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: change
Target surface form: changes
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological <t>changes</t> required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=change%1:11:00:: | definition=an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another | synonyms=alteration, modification | examples=the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse
2. sense_key=change%1:24:00:: | definition=a relational difference between states; especially between states before and after some event | examples=he attributed the change to their marriage
3. sense_key=change%1:04:00:: | definition=the action of changing something | examples=the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election
4. sense_key=change%1:19:00:: | definition=the result of alteration or modification | examples=there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs; there had been no change in the mountains
5. sense_key=change%1:21:02:: | definition=the balance of money received when the amount you tender is greater than the amount due | examples=I paid with a twenty and pocketed the change
6. sense_key=change%1:06:01:: | definition=a thing that is different | examples=he inspected several changes before selecting one
7. sense_key=change%1:06:00:: | definition=a different or fresh set of clothes | examples=she brought a change in her overnight bag
8. sense_key=change%1:21:01:: | definition=coins of small denomination regarded collectively | examples=he had a pocketful of change
9. sense_key=change%1:21:03:: | definition=money received in return for its equivalent in a larger denomination or a different currency | examples=he got change for a twenty and used it to pay the taxi driver
10. sense_key=change%1:07:00:: | definition=a difference that is usually pleasant | synonyms=variety | examples=he goes to France for variety; it is a refreshing change to meet a woman mechanic

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "changes" in the sentence: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

Here, "changes" refers to shifts in social and technological conditions over time. The context suggests events where society and technology pass from one state to another.

Sense 1: "an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another" - synonyms: alteration, modification. Examples: "the change was intended to increase sales; this storm is certainly a change for the worse"

Sense 3: "the action of changing something" - examples: "the change of government had no impact on the economy; his change on abortion cost him the election"

The phrase "social and technological changes" refers to alterations/modifications in society and technology - these are events or processes where things pass from one state to another. This fits sense 1 well, as it refers to the event of change itself. "Social changes" and "technological changes" are classic examples of alterations/modifications where society and technology transition from one state to another.

Sense 3 is about the action of changing something (deliberate action), which is less fitting because social and technological changes are not necessarily deliberate actions but rather shifts that occur.

Sense 4: "the result of alteration or modification" - this could also fit, as the changes could be seen as results of modifications. But "social and technological changes" more naturally refers to the events/processes of change rather than the results.

I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: adaptation
Target surface form: adaptation
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required <t>adaptation</t> by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=adaptation%1:10:00:: | definition=a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form | synonyms=version | examples=the play is an adaptation of a short novel
2. sense_key=adaptation%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions) | synonyms=adaption, adjustment
3. sense_key=adaptation%1:04:01:: | definition=(physiology) the responsive adjustment of a sense organ (as the eye) to varying conditions (as of light)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "adaptation" in the context: "social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

Sense 1: a written work recast in a new form (e.g., novel adapted to play) - doesn't fit.
Sense 2: the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions) - this fits the idea of courts adapting to social and technological changes.
Sense 3: physiological adjustment of a sense organ - doesn't fit.

Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: court
Target surface form: courts
Context:
They noted in a challenge to the verdict filed last month that the case dominated the news in Connecticut and was discussed during the election campaign by candidates for governor and the United States Senate. They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the <t>courts</t>. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=court%1:14:00:: | definition=an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
2. sense_key=court%1:06:02:: | definition=a room in which a lawcourt sits | synonyms=courtroom | examples=television cameras were admitted in the courtroom
3. sense_key=court%1:14:01:: | definition=the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state | synonyms=royal court
4. sense_key=court%1:06:01:: | definition=a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played | examples=players had to reserve a court in advance
5. sense_key=court%1:18:00:: | definition=Australian woman tennis player who won many major championships (born in 1947) | synonyms=Margaret Court
6. sense_key=court%1:14:02:: | definition=the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince | synonyms=royal court
7. sense_key=court%1:06:03:: | definition=a hotel for motorists; provides direct access from rooms to parking area | synonyms=motor hotel, motor inn, motor lodge, tourist court
8. sense_key=court%1:06:05:: | definition=a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice
9. sense_key=court%1:06:04:: | definition=the residence of a sovereign or nobleman | examples=the king will visit the duke's court
10. sense_key=court%1:06:00:: | definition=an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings | synonyms=courtyard | examples=the house was built around an inner court
11. sense_key=court%1:04:00:: | definition=respectful deference | synonyms=homage | examples=pay court to the emperor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "courts" in the context: "But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."

Here, "courts" refers to judicial bodies that administer justice. The context talks about appeals courts and courts adapting to social and technological changes.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. court%1:14:00:: - an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
8. court%1:06:03:: - a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice

Both sense 1 and sense 8 seem relevant. Let's distinguish between them.
Sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business" - synonyms: tribunal, judicature. This refers to the body of judges as an assembly.
Sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws" - synonyms: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice.

Wait, the difference between 1 and 8 is subtle.
Sense 1 (court%1:14:00::): assembly to conduct judicial business.
Sense 8 (court%1:06:03::): tribunal presided over by a magistrate or judges to administer justice.

"appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."
Here, "courts" refers to judicial institutions/bodies that adapt to changes. Both 1 and 8 could apply.
Let's check the examples or synonyms. Sense 8 has "lawcourt, court of law, court of justice". Sense 1 has "tribunal, judicature".
Often, "court" as an institution (like "the courts") aligns with sense 1 (assembly of judges to conduct judicial business) or sense 8.
In WordNet, "court%1:14:00::" is "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business" (synonyms: tribunal, judicature).
"court%1:06:03::" is "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws" (synonyms: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice).
Actually, "judicature" is often used for the system of courts or the administration of justice. "the courts" in the context of "adaptation by the courts" likely means the judicial system or the bodies of judges.
Wait, sense 1 and 8 are often confused.
Sense 8 defines "court of law", "court of justice". "appeals courts" is clearly a court of justice. Sense 8 is a tribunal presided over by a magistrate or judges.
Wait, sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business" -> tribunal, judicature.
Sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws" -> lawcourt, court of law, court of justice.
Wait, is there a better fit?
Let's consider "court policy" earlier in the text: "would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials." This refers to the institution.
"adaptation by the courts" - refers to the judicial system.
Is there any distinction in WordNet?
Sense 1 (court%1:14:00::) is a hypernym of sense 8 (court%1:06:03::)? No.
Sense 1 (tribunal, judicature): an assembly to conduct judicial business. "judicature" refers to the system of law courts or the administration of justice.
Sense 8 (lawcourt, court of law, court of justice): a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate...
Let's look at the hypernym. Sense 1 is under "group, grouping" (noun.group). Sense 8 is under "room" (noun.artifact) - wait, sense 8 is court%1:06:03. 1:06 is noun.location.
Ah! WordNet synsets starting with 1:06 are usually locations.
Sense 2: court%1:06:02:: - a room in which a lawcourt sits (courtroom)
Sense 8: court%1:06:03:: - a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate...
Sense 10: court%1:06:00:: - an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings
Sense 7: court%1:06:05:: - a hotel for motorists
So 1:06 is location. Sense 8 is considered a location in WordNet (lexicographer file 06 is noun.location).
Sense 1: court%1:14:00:: is lexicographer file 14 (noun.group). "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business" -> tribunal, judicature.
In the text: "would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts."
Here, "courts" refers to the judicial bodies/institutions, acting as a collective group or system. It is an assembly or group of judges, or the institution itself.
"courts" = judicial system, the bodies that hear cases.
Sense 1 (court%1:14:00::) refers to the body of judges or the assembly.
Sense 8 (court%1:06:03::) refers to the court of law, but as a location or institution.
Let's check if "appeals courts" is an assembly or a location. "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments... required adaptation by the courts". They are being personified (attracted to arguments), which strongly suggests the assembly of judges (the people making up the court). In WordNet, sense 1 (group) is for the assembly of judges, while sense 8 (location) is for the court as a place or institution where trials happen.
Wait, sense 1 is "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business" -> tribunal, judicature. This fits "the courts" as a group/assembly of judges.
"appeals courts" are assemblies of judges. Sense 1 fits perfectly because it's a group (noun.group) of judges.
Let's verify. Sense 1 is an assembly. Sense 8 is a tribunal presided over by judges.
Actually, both 1 and 8 might be possible. But "courts" adapting to changes refers to the judicial system or the judges themselves. So sense 1 (group: tribunal, judicature) might be more appropriate. "judicature" is exactly the administration of justice or the judges collectively.
Let's re-evaluate sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws" -> lawcourt, court of law, court of justice.
If it says "appeals courts", that's an institution. WordNet sense 1: tribunal, judicature. "judicature" means the position, function, or authority of a judge; the judges collectively; a court of justice.
Let's choose sense 1, because "courts" here refers to the judicial system/assemblies of judges rather than the physical locations, and they are "attracted to arguments", which implies the judges (the people) not the location. Sense 1 is noun.group.
Actually, let's look at sense 1 again. "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business"
And sense 8. "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws"
Often, in NLP WSD, "court" referring to the institution (e.g., "the court ruled that...") maps to sense 1.
Wait! In SemCor, "court" as in "supreme court" or "court of appeals" is often tagged with court%1:14:00:: or court%1:06:03::?
Wait, sense 8 synonyms: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice.
Sense 1 synonyms: tribunal, judicature.
In the text: "appeals courts".
"appeals courts" = courts of justice. Does it map to sense 8 or 1?
If we look at the definition of sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws". This is exactly what an appeals court is.
Sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business".
Both are very close. Sense 1 emphasizes the assembly (group of judges). Sense 8 emphasizes the tribunal (institution of law).
However, "court policy" and "adaptation by the courts" implies the institution. So sense 8 might be the right one. Wait! "courts" is plural. "appeals courts" is plural. Sense 8 is "court of law, court of justice". Sense 1 is "tribunal, judicature".
In WordNet, "lawcourt" (sense 8) is a hyponym of "court" (sense 1)? No, they are siblings or one is a hyponym. Let's check WordNet 3.0.
WordNet 3.0:
Noun
S: (n) court, tribunal, judicature (an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business)
S: (n) court, royal court (the sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state)
S: (n) court, courtroom (a room in which a lawcourt sits) "television cameras were admitted in the courtroom"
S: (n) court (a specially marked horizontal area within which a game is played) "players had to reserve a court in advance"
S: (n) court, Margaret Court (Australian woman tennis player who won many major championships (born in 1947))
S: (n) court, royal court (the family and retinue of a sovereign or prince)
S: (n) motor hotel, motor inn, motor lodge, tourist court, court (a hotel for motorists; provides direct access from rooms to parking area)
S: (n) lawcourt, court of law, court of justice, court (a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws)
S: (n) court (the residence of a sovereign or nobleman) "the king will visit the duke's court"
S: (n) court, courtyard (an area wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings) "the house was built around an inner court"
S: (n) court, homage (respectful deference) "pay court to the emperor"

Is "lawcourt" (sense 8) the specific court of law, while sense 1 is the general assembly? "Appeals courts" are lawcourts (courts of justice). So they might be sense 8.
Wait, "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments...". This personifies the courts as the judges themselves. Sense 1 is the assembly of judges. Sense 8 is the tribunal.
Let's search for "appeals court" in WordNet. "appeals court" is a direct entry in WordNet!
S: (n) appellate court, appeals court, court of appeals (a court whose jurisdiction is to review cases already decided by lower courts)
Wait! The options do not include "appeals court" as a target sense. The target is just "courts".
If "appeals courts" is a compound word, the head is "courts".
But the sentence says "appeals courts were often attracted... adaptation by the courts".
Let's look at the options again:
1. court%1:14:00:: (assembly of judges)
8. court%1:06:03:: (tribunal, lawcourt, court of law, court of justice)

"appeals courts" -> "courts" is part of a compound, but in the second instance it stands alone: "adaptation by the courts".
If we look at WordNet, "lawcourt" (sense 8) is a tribunal. But sense 1 is an assembly to conduct judicial business.
Is there a reason to prefer one over the other?
Often, sense 1 is used for "The court ruled..." or "The court will decide..." because it refers to the assembly of judges. Sense 8 is also used for this.
Wait, if sense 8 is specifically "lawcourt, court of law, court of justice", it refers to the institution itself. "court policy" means policy of the lawcourt/court of justice.
Let's see the hypernyms of sense 8 in WordNet: lawcourt -> court (sense 1) -> administrative body -> unit -> social group.
Wait, sense 8 (lawcourt) is a hyponym of sense 1 (court)!
If sense 8 is a hyponym of sense 1, then if it's a court of law, it should be sense 8. Wait, no. If it's a court of law, it is sense 8.
Let me double check the hypernym tree of "court" (sense 8) in WordNet 3.0:
court, lawcourt, court of law, court of justice
=> court, tribunal, judicature (sense 1)
=> administrative unit, administrative body
=> unit, social unit
=> organization, organisation
=> social group
=> group, grouping
=> abstraction
Actually, sense 8 is a hyponym of sense 1.
Wait, if sense 8 is a hyponym of sense 1, it means sense 8 is more specific. But "court" in "the courts" generally means courts of law. So it should be sense 8?
Wait, no. WordNet 3.0 has:
court, tribunal, judicature (an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business)
And its hyponyms:
=> International Court of Justice, World Court
=> court, lawcourt, court of law, court of justice (a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws)
Wait! "court" (sense 8) is a hyponym of "court" (sense 1)?
No, in WordNet, a word can be a hyponym of another sense of the same word.
Yes! "lawcourt, court of law, court of justice, court" is a hyponym of "court, tribunal, judicature".
Wait, the definition of sense 8 is: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws".
But "court" (sense 1) is "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business".
If "appeals courts" refers to courts of law, then it is sense 8.
But wait! Is sense 8 a location? The lexicographer file for sense 8 is noun.location (1:06). Wait, sense 1 is noun.group (1:14).
Sense 8 being noun.location might mean it refers to the court as a place or institution, but its definition is "a tribunal that is presided over...".
Wait, sense 8's lexicographer file is 06 (noun.location) in the sense key `court%1:06:03::`. Let me check.
Sense 1: `court%1:14:00::` (14 is noun.group)
Sense 8: `court%1:06:03::` (06 is noun.location)
But wait, if it's in noun.location, it might be because it's treated as a location. "taken to court", "the court is in session".
However, "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts" - this refers to the judicial system as a whole, or the institutions.
If it's the judicial system, it could be sense 1 (tribunal, judicature). "judicature" refers to the judicial system or the administration of justice.
Let's look at SemCor.
"the court" in "the court decided" is usually tagged as court%1:14:00::.
"The courts" in "the courts" (judicial system) is often court%1:14:00::.
Why? Because "judicature" is one of its synonyms. "judicature" means "the system of law courts that administer justice".
Let's search for "appeals court" in SemCor. It's not a common word in SemCor.
What about "court policy"?
Let's consider the definition of sense 1: "an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business". This is the most general sense of a judicial court.
Definition of sense 8: "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws" -> synonyms: lawcourt, court of law, court of justice.
Is there a meaningful difference? Sense 1 is an assembly, sense 8 is the tribunal presided over by a magistrate.
Often, in WSD, sense 1 is the default for "court" when it refers to the judicial body, because it's the top-level synset in the noun.group hierarchy. Sense 8 is more specific to a "court of law".
Wait! In the text, it is "courts". If it were a "court of law", they would just say "courts". Both are "courts".
But wait, if sense 8 is a specific kind of court (e.g., court of law, lawcourt), and the context is about general courts (appeals courts), they are courts of law. So they could be sense 8.
However, "court policy" and "adaptation by the courts" implies the judicial system. The judicial system is "judicature", which is a synonym of sense 1.
Let's consider "court" as an institution. Sense 1 (group) fits the "adaptation by the courts" as an adaptation by the assemblies of judges. The judges are the ones adapting. "appeals courts were attracted to arguments" - the judges are attracted.
Therefore, sense 1 is a very strong fit.

Let me rethink if there's any other interpretation.
Could it be sense 8? "a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws"
If I look at typical WSD annotations, sense 1 (tribunal, judicature) is the most common sense for "court" in a legal context when it refers to the body of judges. Sense 2 is the room (courtroom). Sense 8 is lawcourt/court of law. Sense 8 is less frequent than sense 1.
Let's count the occurrences in SemCor (approximate):
court%1:14:00:: has around 40 instances.
court%1:06:02:: (courtroom) has a few.
court%1:06:03:: (lawcourt) has maybe 10.
So sense 1 is the most frequent for the judicial body.
Also, "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments..." Personification of "courts" as being "attracted to arguments" means the judges (the assembly) are attracted. This aligns perfectly with "assembly" (sense 1).
Therefore, sense 1 is the best choice.

Let's double check sense 1 vs sense 8.
Sense 1: an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
Sense 8: a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice

"court policy governing coverage of future trials."
"appeals courts were often attracted to arguments"
"required adaptation by the courts"
All of these refer to the judicial body/system as a whole. "judicature" (sense 1) is the system of law courts that administer justice. This strongly supports sense 1.
Sense 8 is "court of law", which usually refers to a specific court or the physical institution. But the broad institutional usage here is better captured by sense 1.

Let me confirm if sense 1 is definitely the right index.
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=court%1:14:00:: | definition=an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business | synonyms=tribunal, judicature
8. sense_key=court%1:06:03:: | definition=a tribunal that is presided over by a magistrate or by one or more judges who administer justice according to the laws | synonyms=lawcourt, court of law, court of justice

I will select sense 1.
The target word is "courts" in "adaptation by the courts". It refers to the judicial system (synonym judicature). "the courts" is a standard way to refer to the judicature.
Also, "courts were often attracted to arguments" points to the judges as a group, an assembly.
So 1 is the best fit.

Let's do a quick sanity check.
Sense 2: courtroom (not this, they are talking about policy and adaptation, not the physical room)
Sense 3, 6, 9: royal court / sovereign's court (not this)
Sense 4: sports court (not this)
Sense 5: Margaret Court (not this)
Sense 7: motel (not this)
Sense 10: courtyard (not this)
Sense 11: homage (not this)

It comes down to 1 and 8.
Sense 1: assembly of judges (noun.group)
Sense 8: court of law / lawcourt (noun.location)
In "appeals courts were often attracted to arguments... required adaptation by the courts", the text is talking about the judicial bodies. "judicature" (synonym of sense 1) means "the administration of justice" or "the judges collectively". This fits "the courts" perfectly. Sense 8 is a specific court of law, but here it's used generally. I will bet on sense 1.

Let's review the context again. "would make poor court policy" - here "court" is used as an adjective, modifying policy. This means policy of the courts.
"appeals courts were often attracted" - "appeals courts" = courts of appeals.
"required adaptation by the courts" - the judicial system.
I'm confident in 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: claim
Target surface form: claim
Context:
They argued that the news media continually fanned the flames of emotion about the case. "The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that <t>claim</t>. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=claim%1:10:00:: | definition=an assertion of a right (as to money or property) | examples=his claim asked for damages
2. sense_key=claim%1:10:02:: | definition=an assertion that something is true or factual | examples=his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims
3. sense_key=claim%1:04:00:: | definition=demand for something as rightful or due | examples=they struck in support of their claim for a shorter work day
4. sense_key=claim%1:07:02:: | definition=an informal right to something | synonyms=title | examples=his claim on her attentions; his title to fame
5. sense_key=claim%1:07:01:: | definition=an established or recognized right | synonyms=title | examples=a strong legal claim to the property; he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate
6. sense_key=claim%1:10:01:: | definition=a demand especially in the phrase | synonyms=call | examples=the call of duty

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "claim".
The target surface form is "claim".
Context: "Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that <t>claim</t>. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules."

Let's look at the preceding sentence:
"In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials."

So "that claim" refers to "the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly" or the argument that "social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts" / "the new media required new rules."

This is an assertion that something is true or factual.
Let's check the senses:
1. an assertion of a right (as to money or property) - no
2. an assertion that something is true or factual - yes, "his claim that he was innocent; evidence contradicted the government's claims"
3. demand for something as rightful or due - no
4. an informal right to something - no
5. an established or recognized right - no
6. a demand especially in the phrase - no

So sense 2 matches best. "an assertion that something is true or factual".
The JSON object should be {"sense_index": 2}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: filing
Target surface form: filing
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their <t>filing</t>, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=filing%1:10:00:: | definition=the entering of a legal document into the public record | examples=he filed a complaint; he filed his tax return
2. sense_key=filing%1:17:00:: | definition=a fragment rubbed off by the use of a file
3. sense_key=filing%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of using a file (as in shaping or smoothing an object)
4. sense_key=filing%1:04:00:: | definition=preservation and methodical arrangement as of documents and papers etc. | examples=I have some filing to do

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "filing" in the context refers to a legal document submitted to the court. "In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision..." This means a legal document entered into the public record. Sense 1: "the entering of a legal document into the public record" with examples "he filed a complaint; he filed his tax return" fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: supreme_court
Target surface form: Supreme Court
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the <t>Supreme Court</t>'s 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=supreme_court%1:14:00:: | definition=the highest federal court in the United States; has final appellate jurisdiction and has jurisdiction over all other courts in the nation | synonyms=Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court
2. sense_key=supreme_court%1:14:01:: | definition=the highest court in most states of the United States | synonyms=state supreme court, high court

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context mentions "the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage." This refers to Sheppard v. Maxwell, a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case from 1966. The case is explicitly mentioned: "This case represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Sheppard v. Maxwell was decided by the U.S. Supreme Court (the federal Supreme Court), not a state supreme court. So sense 1 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decision
Target surface form: decision
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 <t>decision</t> overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decision%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making up your mind about something | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=the burden of decision was his; he drew his conclusions quickly
2. sense_key=decision%1:09:00:: | definition=a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration | synonyms=determination, conclusion | examples=a decision unfavorable to the opposition; his conclusion took the evidence into account
3. sense_key=decision%1:11:02:: | definition=(boxing) a victory won on points when no knockout has occurred | examples=had little trouble in taking a unanimous decision over his opponent
4. sense_key=decision%1:11:01:: | definition=the outcome of a game or contest | examples=the team dropped three decisions in a row
5. sense_key=decision%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of resoluteness as evidenced by firmness of character or purpose | synonyms=decisiveness | examples=a man of unusual decisiveness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "decision" appears in the context: "they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction."

This refers to a legal ruling/judgment by the Supreme Court. A Supreme Court decision is a formal judgment or ruling reached after consideration.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. decision%1:04:00:: - the act of making up your mind about something - This is about the process/act of deciding.

2. decision%1:09:00:: - a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration - This refers to the outcome/judgment itself, like a legal decision.

3. decision%1:11:02:: - boxing victory - Not relevant.

4. decision%1:11:01:: - outcome of a game or contest - Not relevant.

5. decision%1:07:00:: - trait of resoluteness - Not relevant.

A Supreme Court "decision" is a judgment reached after consideration. Sense 2 fits best because it refers to "a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration." A Supreme Court decision is indeed a judgment - it's the formal ruling/opinion reached by the court after considering the case.

Sense 1 is about the act of making up one's mind, which is more about the process rather than the formal judgment/ruling. While a Supreme Court decision does involve making up minds, the word "decision" here refers to the formal judgment/opinion that was issued, not the act of deciding.

So the best sense is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conviction
Target surface form: conviction
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's <t>conviction</t> because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conviction%1:09:00:: | definition=an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence | synonyms=strong belief, article of faith
2. sense_key=conviction%1:04:00:: | definition=(criminal law) a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed | synonyms=judgment of conviction, condemnation, sentence | examples=the conviction came as no surprise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of trial coverage. This is clearly about a legal judgment of guilty, not a belief. So sense 2 is correct.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: trial
Target surface form: trial
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the <t>trial</t> coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=trial%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of testing something | synonyms=test, run | examples=in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately; he called each flip of the coin a new trial
2. sense_key=trial%1:09:00:: | definition=trying something to find out about it | synonyms=trial run, test, tryout | examples=a sample for ten days free trial; a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain
3. sense_key=trial%1:04:03:: | definition=the act of undergoing testing | synonyms=test | examples=he survived the great test of battle; candidates must compete in a trial of skill
4. sense_key=trial%1:04:02:: | definition=(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law | examples=he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial
5. sense_key=trial%1:11:01:: | definition=(sports) a preliminary competition to determine qualifications | examples=the trials for the semifinals began yesterday
6. sense_key=trial%1:11:00:: | definition=an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event | synonyms=tribulation, visitation | examples=his mother-in-law's visits were a great trial for him; life is full of tribulations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about court proceedings, media coverage outside the courthouse, appeals courts, Supreme Court decisions overturning convictions, and references to "Sheppard v. Maxwell." This is clearly about a legal trial - the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law.

Sense 4 is the correct one: "(law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law" with examples like "he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty; most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: coverage
Target surface form: coverage
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial <t>coverage</t> and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=coverage%1:21:00:: | definition=the total amount and type of insurance carried | synonyms=insurance coverage
2. sense_key=coverage%1:07:00:: | definition=the extent to which something is covered | examples=the dictionary's coverage of standard English is excellent
3. sense_key=coverage%1:10:00:: | definition=the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television | synonyms=reporting, reportage | examples=they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "coverage" in the context: "In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules."

The context is about media, reporters, Twitter, newspapers, news coverage of a trial. This clearly aligns with sense 3: "the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio or television" with synonyms "reporting, reportage" and examples "they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations."

Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rule
Target surface form: rules
Context:
"The daily crush of media tweets, cameras and reporters outside the courthouse," the lawyers wrote, "was unlike anything ever seen here in New Haven and maybe statewide." Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new <t>rules</t>. "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rule%1:09:00:: | definition=a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior | synonyms=regulation | examples=it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast; short haircuts were the regulation
2. sense_key=rule%1:09:01:: | definition=something regarded as a normative example | synonyms=convention, normal, pattern, formula | examples=the convention of not naming the main character; violence is the rule not the exception
3. sense_key=rule%1:10:00:: | definition=prescribed guide for conduct or action | synonyms=prescript
4. sense_key=rule%1:10:01:: | definition=(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice | synonyms=linguistic rule
5. sense_key=rule%1:09:03:: | definition=a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct | synonyms=principle | examples=their principles of composition characterized all their works
6. sense_key=rule%1:28:00:: | definition=the duration of a monarch's or government's power | examples=during the rule of Elizabeth
7. sense_key=rule%1:26:00:: | definition=dominance or power through legal authority | synonyms=dominion | examples=France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa; the rule of Caesar
8. sense_key=rule%1:10:02:: | definition=directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted | examples=he knew the rules of chess
9. sense_key=rule%1:10:03:: | definition=any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order | examples=the rule of St. Dominic
10. sense_key=rule%1:09:02:: | definition=a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system | synonyms=principle | examples=the principle of the conservation of mass; the principle of jet propulsion
11. sense_key=rule%1:09:04:: | definition=(mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems | synonyms=formula | examples=he determined the upper bound with Descartes' rule of signs; he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials
12. sense_key=rule%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths | synonyms=ruler

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses lawyers arguing that "new media required new rules" in the context of court policy governing coverage of future trials. This refers to prescribed guides for conduct or action - specifically rules about how courts should handle media coverage.

Looking at the candidates:
- Sense 1: "a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior" - this is about customary behavior
- Sense 3: "prescribed guide for conduct or action" - this fits well as it's about prescribed guidelines for conduct/action, which matches "court policy governing coverage" and "new rules" needed for new media

The context is about formal rules/policies that courts would prescribe for governing media coverage. This aligns best with sense 3 - "prescribed guide for conduct or action" with synonym "prescript."

Sense 1 is more about customary principles that govern behavior (like "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"). The context here is about formal, prescribed rules for court procedures, not customary behavior.

So sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
Their focus on the Twitter coverage is controversial. In interviews, some journalists said the claim that instant news was more incendiary than reports delivered more slowly was a Luddite view that would make poor court policy governing coverage of future trials. But some lawyers said appeals courts were often attracted to arguments that social and technological changes required adaptation by the courts. Mr. Hayes's lawyers are pressing that claim. In their filing, they referred to the Supreme Court's 1966 decision overturning Dr. Sheppard's conviction because of the trial coverage and made it clear they would claim that the new media required new rules. "This <t>case</t>," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context discusses a legal case - "This case," they wrote, "represents the Sheppard v. Maxwell of the 21st century." This is referring to a legal proceeding in a court of law.