[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: risk
Target surface form: risk
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more <t>risk</t> than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=risk%1:26:00:: | definition=a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune | synonyms=hazard, jeopardy, peril, endangerment | examples=drinking alcohol is a health hazard
2. sense_key=risk%1:04:00:: | definition=a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury | synonyms=peril, danger | examples=he saw the rewards but not the risks of crime; there was a danger he would do the wrong thing
3. sense_key=risk%1:07:02:: | definition=the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred | synonyms=risk of infection
4. sense_key=risk%1:07:01:: | definition=the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent | synonyms=risk of exposure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "risk" in the context: "...faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."
Context analysis:
- The sentence discusses the probability of a child developing a rare cancer (retinoblastoma).
- "faced no more risk... of developing the rare cancer" refers to the probability/chance of an adverse outcome (developing cancer).
- This is not about a source of danger (sense 1), nor a venture undertaken (sense 2), nor specifically about infectious agents (senses 3 and 4, though those are about probability).
- However, looking at the candidate senses provided:
1. risk%1:26:00:: - a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune
2. risk%1:04:00:: - a venture undertaken without regard to possible loss or injury
3. risk%1:07:02:: - the probability of becoming infected given that exposure to an infectious agent has occurred
4. risk%1:07:01:: - the probability of being exposed to an infectious agent

Wait, none of these perfectly fit "the probability of developing cancer". But we have to choose the *single best indexed sense* among the candidates.
Sense 1: "a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune". The example is "drinking alcohol is a health hazard". This is a bit more about the source of danger, but the definition also says "a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune", which fits "risk of developing cancer" (possibility of incurring misfortune/illness).
Senses 3 and 4 are specific to infectious agents. Retinoblastoma is a genetic cancer, not an infectious agent, so 3 and 4 are factually incorrect in this specific biological context, even though they deal with "probability".
Sense 2 is about a venture undertaken. Doesn't fit at all.

So Sense 1 seems the most appropriate among the choices, as "possibility of incurring loss or misfortune" aligns with "possibility of developing cancer", and the others are either ventures or specific to infectious diseases. Let me double-check if there's any trick.
Is it Sense 1? Yes, risk as a source of danger / possibility of misfortune.
"faced no more risk... of developing the rare cancer."
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than <t>other</t> children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "other" in the context: "...faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."
Here, "other children" refers to children who are not Will Quinlan - i.e., not the same one already mentioned. This is the standard use of "other" to mean "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied."
Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - fits perfectly. "other children" means children other than Will.
Sense 2: "recently past" - doesn't fit.
Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" - doesn't fit.
Sense 4: "very unusual" - doesn't fit.
So the answer is sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other <t>children</t> of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "children" in the phrase "other children".
Context: "...faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."
The sentence discusses Will Quinlan, a baby, who faced no more risk than "other children" of developing the rare cancer.
Here, "children" refers to young people, specifically young people in general (like Will).
Let's look at the senses:
1. child%1:18:00:: - a young person of either sex (synonyms: kid, youngster, minor...) examples: she writes books for children.
2. child%1:18:01:: - a human offspring of any age. examples: they had three children.
3. child%1:18:06:: - an immature childish person.
4. child%1:18:07:: - a member of a clan or tribe.

In the context, Will is a baby, and he faces no more risk than "other children" of developing the rare cancer. This refers to children as young persons.
Wait, sense 1 is "a young person of either sex". Sense 2 is "a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age". The text refers to "other children" in the general population of young people, not Will's siblings or specific offspring of someone. "Other children" means other young people.
So sense 1 fits best.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developing
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of <t>developing</t> the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "developing" in the context: "faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer."

This means the children are at risk of getting/acquiring the cancer. The word "developing" here refers to the patient coming to have or undergo a change of physical features/attributes - i.e., the patient developing cancer.

Looking at the senses:
- Sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" with examples like "The patient developed abdominal pains" - this fits perfectly.
- Sense 5: "come into existence; take on form or shape" - this could also apply, but sense 4 is more specific to medical conditions.
- Sense 10: "grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment" - this is more about natural growth.

Sense 4 is the best fit because it specifically mentions physical features and attributes, with an example of a patient developing abdominal pains - very similar to developing cancer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Emerging genetic tests will be able to spot such cancer-susceptible individuals, ushering in what some scientists believe is a new age of predictive cancer diagnosis. Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare <t>cancer</t>. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "cancer" refers to a disease - retinoblastoma, which is an eye cancer. The context is about genetic testing, tumors, and medical diagnosis. This matches sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division."

provider: Morph


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It <t>made</t> our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "made" in the sentence: "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.
The context is about a couple who found out their baby did not inherit a damaged gene. This good news "made" their New Year.
"made our New Year" means it caused their New Year to be enjoyable or successful.
Let's look at the senses.
Sense 41: make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
Sense 45: make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
Sense 41 "assure the success of" fits perfectly with "make our New Year" - the test results assured the success of their New Year. Wait, "make my day" is very similar to "made our New Year".
Let's check the exact definitions.
Sense 41: definition=assure the success of. examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
Sense 45: definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable. examples=make my day
"made our New Year" is similar to "make my day".
Wait, there's also sense 3: make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
"It made our New Year" -> "It caused our New Year to be [good]".

Let's evaluate Sense 45 ("cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable" -> "make my day"). "Made our New Year" means it caused their New Year to be enjoyable/pleasurable.
Sense 41 ("assure the success of" -> "make your play"). Also fits.
But "make my day" is an idiom very similar to "made our New Year".
Let's see if there's a better fit.
Sense 45: "cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable" | examples=make my day.
Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become"
Sense 5: "give rise to; cause to happen or occur"
Wait, "make our New Year" means it made the New Year successful or happy.
Another possibility: Sense 45.
Let's consider Sense 45 and Sense 41.
Sense 41: "A good review by this critic will make your play!" -> The test result assured the success of our New Year.
Sense 45: "make my day" -> The test result caused our New Year to be enjoyable.
"make my day" is an exact idiom match for "make our New Year". Both refer to a period of time being made good by an event.
So Sense 45 seems like a very strong match.
Let's re-read Sense 45: "cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable" | examples=make my day.
Let's re-read Sense 41: "assure the success of" | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
I'll go with Sense 45, as "make my day" is essentially the exact same usage as "made our New Year".

Wait, "make one's day" is a very common idiom. "It made my day." "It made our New Year." The structure is exactly the same: [event] made [period of time].
Therefore, Sense 45 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Bill and Bonnie Quinlan are among the first beneficiaries of the new findings. The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "<t>says</t> Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.

Here, Mr. Quinlan is expressing something in words (a quote). He is stating something.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
8. say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office

"It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.
This is a direct quotation, Mr. Quinlan is expressing his feelings in words.
Sense 1: express in words. Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her".
Sense 8: utter aloud. Example: "She said `Hello' to everyone in the office".

"It made our New Year" is an utterance, but it is also an expression of a feeling/opinion.
Wait, "says" here is used to introduce a quote. "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan.
Sense 1 is the most general "express in words" (state, tell).
Sense 8 is "utter aloud".
Let's check the difference. In WordNet, "say%2:32:00::" (express in words) is the most common sense for "say" when introducing a quote of someone stating something. "say%2:32:15::" (utter aloud) is also for speaking, but often for simple utterances.
Actually, let's look at WordNet senses for say (verb.communication):
say#1: express in words; "He said that he wanted to marry her"; "tell me what is bothering you"; "state your opinion"; "state your name"
say#2: report or maintain; "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime"; "He said it was too late to intervene in the war"
...
say#8: utter aloud; "She said `Hello' to everyone in the office"
...
"It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan. -> Mr. Quinlan states this. "express in words" fits perfectly.
Is it 1 or 8? "say#1" has examples "He said that he wanted to marry her", which is an indirect quote. But it's often used for direct quotes too.
"say#8" has example "She said 'Hello' to everyone in the office" which is a direct quote.
Wait, "say" in "says Mr. Quinlan" is typically mapped to the first sense, "express in words".
Let's think if "express in words" is better than "utter aloud".
Yes, "express in words" is the primary sense of say used in reporting speech. "state, tell".

Let's check the exact definitions and examples.
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office

In SemCor, "say" used to introduce a quotation like "X", says Y. is usually tagged with say#1 (express in words).
Wait, "say#1" is express in words, but "say#8" is utter aloud.
Actually, WordNet 3.0:
say#1: express in words; "He said that he wanted to marry her"
say#8: utter aloud; "She said `Hello' to everyone in the office"

Often, direct speech with a content clause or phrase expressing an opinion uses sense 1.
Let's consider "It made our New Year," says Mr. Quinlan. It's an expression of his opinion/feeling.
Sense 9: state as one's opinion or judgement; declare; examples: I say let's forget this whole business. "It made our New Year" could be his opinion, but it's more of a statement of fact about his feelings.
Sense 1 seems the best fit, as it's the standard reporting verb.

Let's review the options carefully.
1: express in words
8: utter aloud

"It made our New Year" is an expression in words. "He said that he wanted to marry her" is very similar. "I say let's forget this whole business" is more of a suggestion or judgement, like "I say we go to the beach".

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the <t>first</t> to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "first" in the context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."

Here, "first" means the earliest instance, the one preceding all others in time. It was the first test (chronologically) to do this.

Sense 1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree" - examples: "the first house on the right; the first day of spring"
Sense 2: "indicating the beginning unit in a series" - synonyms: 1st

The context says "This test was the first to predict reliably..." - meaning no test before this one could do this. This is about temporal priority - preceding all others in time.

Sense 1 seems most appropriate: "preceding all others in time or space or degree." The test was the first (in time) to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer.

Sense 2 is about indicating the beginning unit in a series (like 1st in a numbered sequence). This is more about ordinal numbering.

The context is about being the earliest/first in time to accomplish something, which fits sense 1 well.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: individual
Target surface form: individual
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an <t>individual</t> could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "individual" appears in the sentence: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."

The context is about a genetic test that predicts whether a person (the baby, Will Quinlan) could develop cancer. The sentence uses "individual" to refer to a human being - a person who might develop cancer.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism

The context is specifically about human beings (the Quinlan baby, Mr. Quinlan, etc.). The test predicts whether "an individual" could expect to develop cancer - this refers to a human being.

Sense 1 is "a human being" with synonyms like person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul. This fits perfectly as the text is about people/humans being tested for cancer risk.

Sense 2 is "a single organism" which is more general and biological. While a human is technically an organism, the context here is clearly about human beings in a medical context, not about organisms in a biological sense.

The best sense is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: expect
Target surface form: expect
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could <t>expect</t> to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=expect%2:31:00:: | definition=regard something as probable or likely | synonyms=anticipate | examples=The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow
2. sense_key=expect%2:32:00:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, require | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=expect%2:31:01:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=look, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
4. sense_key=expect%2:31:05:: | definition=consider reasonable or due | examples=I'm expecting a full explanation as to why these files were destroyed
5. sense_key=expect%2:29:02:: | definition=look forward to the birth of a child | examples=She is expecting in March
6. sense_key=expect%2:29:00:: | definition=be pregnant with | synonyms=have a bun in the oven, bear, carry, gestate | examples=She is bearing his child; The are expecting another child in January

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "expect" in the context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."

Here, "expect to develop cancer" means regarding something as probable or likely - the individual is likely to develop cancer.

Sense 1: "regard something as probable or likely" - synonyms: anticipate. Example: "The meteorologists are expecting rain for tomorrow." This fits well. The test predicts whether an individual could expect (regard as probable/likely) to develop cancer.

Sense 3: "look forward to the probable occurrence of" - synonyms: look, await, wait. Example: "We were expecting a visit from our relatives." This has a connotation of anticipation/looking forward, which doesn't fit here since developing cancer is not something one looks forward to.

Sense 1 seems the best fit. The context is about predicting whether someone is likely to develop cancer, i.e., regarding it as probable or likely.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: develop
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to <t>develop</t> cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "develop" in the context: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to <t>develop</t> cancer."

The sentence is about whether an individual could develop cancer (a disease). This is about coming to have or undergoing a change of physical features/attributes - specifically, acquiring a disease.

Looking at the senses:
- Sense 4: "come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes)" with examples like "The patient developed abdominal pains" - this fits perfectly for developing cancer.

The answer is sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
The Dedham, Mass., couple knew even before Bonnie became pregnant in 1987 that any child of theirs had a 50% chance of being at risk for retinoblastoma, an eye cancer that occurs about once every 20,000 births. Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop <t>cancer</t>. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cancer" in the sentence: "This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer."
The context is about retinoblastoma, an eye cancer, a rare tumor, the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene.
This clearly refers to the medical condition of cancer.
Sense 1: cancer%1:26:00:: - any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division...
This is the correct sense.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: equally
Target surface form: Equally
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. <t>Equally</t> important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=equally%4:02:01:: | definition=to the same degree (often followed by `as') | synonyms=as, every bit | examples=they were equally beautiful; birds were singing and the child sang as sweetly
2. sense_key=equally%4:02:02:: | definition=in equal amounts or shares; in a balanced or impartial way | synonyms=evenly | examples=a class evenly divided between girls and boys; they split their winnings equally

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Equally" in the context "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene..."

Here, "Equally important" means "to the same degree (important)" or "just as important". This matches sense 1: "to the same degree (often followed by `as')" with synonyms "as, every bit".

Sense 2 is about dividing things in equal amounts or shares, which doesn't fit here.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: important
Target surface form: important
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally <t>important</t>, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=important%3:00:00:: | definition=of great significance or value | synonyms=of import | examples=important people; the important questions of the day
2. sense_key=important%3:00:04:: | definition=important in effect or meaning | synonyms=significant | examples=a significant change in tax laws; a significant change in the Constitution
3. sense_key=important%3:00:02:: | definition=of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis | synonyms=crucial | examples=a crucial moment in his career; a crucial election
4. sense_key=important%5:00:00:influential:00 | definition=having authority or ascendancy or influence | synonyms=authoritative | examples=an important official; the captain's authoritative manner
5. sense_key=important%5:00:00:immodest:02 | definition=having or suggesting a consciousness of high position | examples=recited the decree with an important air; took long important strides in the direction of his office

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "important" in the context: "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth... has opened a field of cancer study"

Here, "Equally important" is used to introduce a point that is of great significance or value, similar to the first point mentioned (the test predicting cancer). It means "important in effect or meaning" or "of great significance or value".

Let's look at the senses:
1. important%3:00:00:: - of great significance or value (important people; the important questions of the day)
2. important%3:00:04:: - important in effect or meaning (significant) (a significant change in tax laws)
3. important%3:00:02:: - of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis (crucial)
4. important%5:00:00:influential:00 - having authority or ascendancy or influence (authoritative)
5. important%5:00:00:immodest:02 - having or suggesting a consciousness of high position

The phrase "Equally important" means "Equally significant" or "Equally of great significance".
Sense 2 says "important in effect or meaning" with synonym "significant" and examples "a significant change in tax laws". This fits well because the discovery has an effect/meaning of opening a new field.
However, Sense 1 is "of great significance or value". "Equally important" just means it is also of great significance.

Let's see if there is a better fit.
"Equally important" is a standard collocation used to add a point of comparable significance. Both Sense 1 and Sense 2 seem plausible.
Sense 1 examples: "important people; the important questions of the day". "Important questions" parallels the abstract nature of the discovery.
Sense 2 synonym: "significant". Example: "a significant change". "Equally important" = "Equally significant".

Let's check WordNet for "important" (adj):
Senses:
1. important (of great significance or value) "important people", "the important questions of the day"
2. significant, important (important in effect or meaning) "a significant change in tax laws", "a significant change in the Constitution"
3. crucial, important (of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis) "a crucial moment in his career", "a crucial election"
4. authoritative, important (having authority or ascendancy or influence)
5. important (having or suggesting a consciousness of high position)

"Equally important" emphasizes the significance or the meaningful effect of the discovery. The discovery was important in effect/meaning because it "opened a field of cancer study". This aligns perfectly with Sense 2. "Equally significant" or "important in effect or meaning".

Let's consider Sense 1. "of great significance or value". "Equally important" means "of equally great significance or value". But "significant" (Sense 2) specifically captures the "effect or meaning" aspect which is clear in "opened a field of cancer study". It has a significant effect.

Actually, "equally important" is a sentence adverbial or a transition phrase here. "Equally important, the initial discovery... has opened a field of cancer study". The effect is the opening of a field. So "significant" (Sense 2) seems highly appropriate.

Let's look closely at Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
Sense 1: of great significance or value. Often used for people, or broad topics.
Sense 2: important in effect or meaning. Often used for changes, events, or findings that have an impact. The example: "a significant change in tax laws". The discovery here has an effect: "has opened a field of cancer study".

I will go with Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discovery
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial <t>discovery</t> of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "discovery" in the phrase "the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth".

Context: A Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja discovered the gene. The "initial discovery of the gene" refers to the act or event of discovering the gene.
Sense 1: the act of discovering something. Synonyms: find, uncovering.
Sense 2: something that is discovered.
Sense 3: a productive insight. Synonyms: breakthrough, find.

"The initial discovery of the gene" could be either the act of discovering it (Sense 1) or the thing that was discovered (the gene itself, Sense 2). But "discovery of the gene" often implies the act of discovering. Let's see: "the initial discovery of the gene... made by a Boston doctor" - "made by" fits well with the act of discovering. But it could also be a breakthrough. However, the phrase "initial discovery of the gene" specifically acts as a noun phrase representing the event/act or the result.
Wait, "discovery of the gene" - the gene is the object of discovery. So the discovery is the act.
Sense 1 seems appropriate.
Let's re-read carefully: "the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study". "Discovery ... made by ... doctor" implies the act or the finding.
Sense 1: "the act of discovering something". Synonyms: find, uncovering.
Sense 2: "something that is discovered". If it were Sense 2, it would refer to the gene itself as the discovery. "the gene that controls... was the initial discovery".
Let's look at "the initial discovery of the gene ... made by a doctor". Here "discovery" is the act, and "made by" describes the act.

Is there any other interpretation?
Sense 3: "a productive insight" (breakthrough). The discovery opened a field of study. It could be a breakthrough. But "the initial discovery of the gene" sounds more like the act of uncovering the gene. "discovery of X" usually means the act of discovering X.

Let's test Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
"the discovery of America by Columbus" -> Sense 1 (act)
"Penicillin was a great discovery" -> Sense 2 (something discovered)
"the initial discovery of the gene... made by a doctor" -> "made by" modifies discovery. An act is made. A thing is made, but a discovery (thing) is made by someone. Actually, both can take "made by".
But wait! "the initial discovery of the gene ... has opened a field of cancer study"
Is it an act or a thing? Usually, an act of discovery is an event. An event "has opened a field". A thing "has opened a field". Both are possible.
But usually, "discovery of [noun]" uses Sense 1 (the act of discovering something).
Let's check WordNet examples if possible.
Sense 1: discovery%1:04:00:: "the act of discovering something" (find, uncovering). Example: "the discovery of America" or similar.
Sense 2: discovery%1:10:00:: "something that is discovered". Example: "the discovery was a great surprise".
Sense 3: discovery%1:09:00:: "a productive insight" (breakthrough, find).

Let's search for the specific text: "Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study"
This is from a news article. "discovery of the gene" -> act of discovering.
Let's consider Sense 1. The act of discovering something.
"the initial discovery of the gene"
I will go with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: control
Target surface form: controls
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that <t>controls</t> retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=control%2:41:00:: | definition=exercise authoritative control or power over | synonyms=command | examples=control the budget; Command the military forces
2. sense_key=control%2:41:01:: | definition=lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint; hold or keep within limits | synonyms=hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate | examples=moderate your alcohol intake; hold your tongue
3. sense_key=control%2:35:00:: | definition=handle and cause to function | synonyms=operate | examples=do not operate machinery after imbibing alcohol; control the lever
4. sense_key=control%2:37:06:: | definition=control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage | synonyms=manipulate, keep in line | examples=She manipulates her boss; She is a very controlling mother and doesn't let her children grow up
5. sense_key=control%2:41:02:: | definition=check or regulate (a scientific experiment) by conducting a parallel experiment or comparing with another standard | synonyms=verify | examples=Are you controlling for the temperature?
6. sense_key=control%2:31:11:: | definition=verify by using a duplicate register for comparison | examples=control an account
7. sense_key=control%2:31:01:: | definition=be careful or certain to do something; make certain of something | synonyms=see, check, insure, see to it, ensure, ascertain | examples=He verified that the valves were closed; See that the curtains are closed
8. sense_key=control%2:31:00:: | definition=have a firm understanding or knowledge of; be on top of | synonyms=master | examples=Do you control these data?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a gene that "controls" retinal cell growth. The gene regulates or governs the growth of retinal cells. This is about exercising control or power over a biological process - the gene controls/regulates cell growth.

Looking at the senses:

1. exercise authoritative control or power over - "control the budget; Command the military forces"
2. lessen the intensity of; temper; hold in restraint - "moderate your alcohol intake"
3. handle and cause to function - "control the lever"
4. control (others or oneself) or influence skillfully, usually to one's advantage - "She manipulates her boss"
5. check or regulate (a scientific experiment) - "Are you controlling for the temperature?"
6. verify by using a duplicate register - "control an account"
7. be careful or certain to do something - "He verified that the valves were closed"
8. have a firm understanding or knowledge of - "Do you control these data?"

The gene "controls" retinal cell growth - this means it exercises control or power over the growth process. Sense 1 seems to be the best fit: "exercise authoritative control or power over." The gene governs/regulates the growth of retinal cells, which is an authoritative control over a biological process.

Sense 2 is about lessening intensity or holding in restraint, which doesn't quite fit - the gene doesn't just restrain growth, it controls/regulates it more broadly.

Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal <t>cell</t> growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about biology, specifically "retinal cell growth". The word "cell" here refers to the biological cell.

Sense 2: (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms...

This is the correct sense.

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: growth
Target surface form: growth
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell <t>growth</t>, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=growth%1:22:00:: | definition=(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level | synonyms=growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | examples=he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children
2. sense_key=growth%1:22:01:: | definition=a progression from simpler to more complex forms | examples=the growth of culture
3. sense_key=growth%1:22:02:: | definition=a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important | synonyms=increase, increment | examples=the increase in unemployment; the growth of population
4. sense_key=growth%1:14:00:: | definition=vegetation that has grown | examples=a growth of trees; the only growth was some salt grass
5. sense_key=growth%1:11:01:: | definition=the gradual beginning or coming forth | synonyms=emergence, outgrowth | examples=figurines presage the emergence of sculpture in Greece
6. sense_key=growth%1:26:00:: | definition=(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
7. sense_key=growth%1:17:00:: | definition=something grown or growing | examples=a growth of hair

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about "the gene that controls retinal cell growth". This is a biological process of cells growing, specifically referring to how cells grow and divide. The context is about cancer and tumor suppressor genes.

Sense 1: "(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level" - synonyms: growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis
Sense 6: "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)"

The context says "the gene that controls retinal cell growth". Here, "growth" refers to the biological process of cells growing/dividing. It's not necessarily abnormal proliferation (which would be sense 6), because the gene controls normal retinal cell growth. When the gene is damaged, it leads to cancer, but the gene itself controls normal growth.

Sense 1 is about the biological process of an organism growing organically. This is about an individual organism growing from simple to complex.

The context is about cell growth, which is a biological process. Sense 1 seems to be the closest match for the biological process of growth, even though it's specifically about an individual organism's development.

Let me reconsider. "retinal cell growth" - this is the process of cells growing. Sense 1 is about the process of an individual organism growing organically. Cell growth is part of this biological process.

Sense 6 is about pathology - abnormal proliferation. The context is talking about the gene that controls retinal cell growth - this is normal growth that the gene controls. When the gene is damaged, it can lead to cancer. So "growth" here refers to the normal biological process of cells growing, not the abnormal proliferation.

Sense 1 is the best fit: "(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically" - this is the general biological sense of growth.

Actually, let me reconsider again. Sense 1 is specifically about an individual organism growing from simple to complex (ontogeny/ontogenesis). Cell growth is a more general biological process.

Looking at the senses again:
- Sense 1: organism growing organically, biological unfolding, organism changing from simple to complex level
- Sense 2: progression from simpler to more complex forms
- Sense 3: process of becoming larger, longer, more numerous, more important
- Sense 6: abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)

"retinal cell growth" - the process of retinal cells growing. This is the biological process of cells increasing in number/size.

Sense 1 mentions "biology" explicitly and is about the process of growing organically. While the examples mention osseous development in children (which is organism-level), the definition does say "the process of an individual organism growing organically" which is a biological process.

Cell growth is a fundamental biological process. The gene controls how retinal cells grow. This is the biological process of growth.

I think Sense 1 is the best fit here because:
1. It's explicitly a biology sense
2. It's about the process of growing organically
3. The context is clearly about a biological process

Sense 6 (pathology - abnormal proliferation) doesn't fit because the gene controls normal growth; only when it's damaged does cancer develop.

Sense 3 (becoming larger/more numerous) is more general and not specifically biological.

So I'll go with Sense 1.

Wait, but sense 1 says "an individual organism growing organically... from a simple to a more complex level". This is really about ontogeny - the development of an individual organism from embryo to adult. "Retinal cell growth" is not about an individual organism changing from simple to complex; it's about cells multiplying/growing.

Let me reconsider sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important" with synonyms "increase, increment". This is about things becoming more numerous. Cell growth involves cells becoming more numerous. But the examples are "the increase in unemployment; the growth of population" - these are not biological.

Hmm, none of the senses perfectly match "cell growth" as a biological process of cells dividing/multiplying.

Let me think about this differently. The context is about a gene that controls how retinal cells grow. When this gene is damaged, cells grow abnormally (cancer). The "growth" here is the process of cells proliferating.

Sense 6: "(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)" - This is about abnormal proliferation. But in the context, "growth" is being used for the normal process that the gene controls. The gene controls retinal cell growth - meaning it controls how cells proliferate. When it's damaged, the proliferation becomes abnormal (cancer).

However, the context is heavily about cancer and tumors. The entire passage is about cancer research. "retinal cell growth" in the context of cancer research could be interpreted as referring to the proliferation that, when uncontrolled, leads to cancer.

Actually, I think sense 1 is still the best fit. The definition says "(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level". While this is often applied to organism-level development, it's the general biological sense of growth. The key is that it's labeled as "(biology)" and is about the process of growing organically.

But "an individual organism" is quite specific. A retinal cell is not an individual organism.

Let me reconsider all senses once more:
- Sense 1: Individual organism growing organically (ontogeny)
- Sense 2: Progression from simpler to more complex forms (like culture)
- Sense 3: Process of becoming larger/more numerous (general increase)
- Sense 6: Abnormal proliferation (pathology)

For "retinal cell growth":
- The cells are growing/proliferating
- This is a biological process
- It's controlled by a gene
- When uncontrolled, it leads to cancer

Sense 3 is about becoming more numerous. Cell growth involves cells becoming more numerous. But sense 3's examples are non-biological (unemployment, population).

Actually, "growth of population" in sense 3 could be relevant - population growth is about numbers increasing, similar to cell growth.

But the most biologically relevant sense is sense 1. Even though it says "individual organism," the core meaning is about biological growth as a process.

I think the answer is sense 1. The context is clearly biological, and sense 1 is the biological sense of growth as a process.

Let me also consider if sense 6 could be correct. The passage is about cancer, and "growth" in medical contexts can refer to tumors. But here, "retinal cell growth" is the normal process that the gene controls. It's not the abnormal proliferation itself. The gene that controls retinal cell growth, when damaged, allows abnormal proliferation (cancer). So "growth" here is the normal biological process, not the pathological one.

Final answer: Sense 1.

Actually, I want to reconsider one more time. The phrase is "the gene that controls retinal cell growth." In molecular biology, "cell growth" refers to the process by which cells increase in size and number. This is a fundamental biological process.

Sense 1: "(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level"

The definition focuses on "an individual organism" - this is about organismal development, not cellular growth. The synonyms (ontogeny, ontogenesis, maturation, development) all relate to organismal development.

Sense 3: "a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important" - This is more general. Cell growth involves cells becoming more numerous. But the examples are non-biological.

Hmm, this is tricky. The WordNet senses don't have a perfect match for "cell growth" as a biological process of cells proliferating.

But I think sense 1 is still the closest because:
1. It's explicitly tagged as biology
2. It's about the process of growing organically
3. The context is clearly biological

Even though the definition mentions "individual organism," the broader category is biological growth, and this is the only sense explicitly labeled as biological.

Alternatively, sense 6 (pathology - abnormal proliferation) is also biological/medical. But "retinal cell growth" in the context refers to the normal process, not abnormal proliferation.

I'll go with sense 1.

Hmm, but wait. Let me reconsider sense 6 one more time. The entire passage is about cancer. "Retinal cell growth" could be interpreted in the context of cancer biology, where "growth" often refers to the proliferation that characterizes tumors. The gene that controls retinal cell growth - when this control is lost, you get cancer (uncontrolled growth).

But the text says the gene "controls retinal cell growth" - this implies growth is the normal process that needs to be controlled. The gene is a "tumor-suppressor gene" - it suppresses tumors by controlling growth. So "growth" is the normal biological process.

I'll stick with sense 1.

Actually, I just realized I should think about this more carefully. In cancer biology, "growth" is often used to refer to the proliferation of cells, both normal and abnormal. The "gene that controls retinal cell growth" is talking about a gene that regulates how retinal cells proliferate.

The question is whether this is:
1. Sense 1: biological process of an organism growing (ontogeny/development)
2. Sense 3: process of becoming more numerous (increase)
3. Sense 6: abnormal proliferation (pathology)

Sense 1 is about organismal development - too specific to whole organism development.
Sense 3 is about becoming more numerous - could fit but not specifically biological.
Sense 6 is about abnormal proliferation - but the context is about normal growth control.

I think the best answer is still sense 1, because it's the only one that's explicitly biological, and the context is clearly about a biological process. The definition's mention of "individual organism" is somewhat limiting, but among the available choices, this is the best fit for "biological growth process."

Let me reconsider one final time. Actually, I think sense 1 is correct. "The gene that controls retinal cell growth" - growth here is the biological process of cells growing. Sense 1 is the biological sense of growth. Even if the definition seems to focus on organismal development, it's the closest to what "growth" means in this biological context.

Final answer: sense 1.