[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: jump
Target surface form: jumped
Context:
It was blurred, after two hours of steady drinking, but the occasion of it came back to him. The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver <t>jumped</t> down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=jump%2:38:00:: | definition=move forward by leaps and bounds | synonyms=leap, bound, spring | examples=The horse bounded across the meadow; The child leapt across the puddle
2. sense_key=jump%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, start | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
3. sense_key=jump%2:33:00:: | definition=make a sudden physical attack on | examples=The muggers jumped the woman in the fur coat
4. sense_key=jump%2:30:00:: | definition=increase suddenly and significantly | examples=Prices jumped overnight
5. sense_key=jump%2:42:00:: | definition=be highly noticeable | synonyms=leap out, jump out, stand out, stick out
6. sense_key=jump%2:33:03:: | definition=enter eagerly into | examples=He jumped into the game
7. sense_key=jump%2:30:01:: | definition=rise in rank or status | synonyms=rise, climb up | examples=Her new novel jumped high on the bestseller list
8. sense_key=jump%2:38:11:: | definition=jump down from an elevated point | synonyms=leap, jump off | examples=the parachutist didn't want to jump; every year, hundreds of people jump off the Golden Gate bridge
9. sense_key=jump%2:38:05:: | definition=run off or leave the rails | synonyms=derail | examples=the train derailed because a cow was standing on the tracks
10. sense_key=jump%2:38:12:: | definition=jump from an airplane and descend with a parachute | synonyms=chute, parachute
11. sense_key=jump%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to jump or leap | synonyms=leap | examples=the trainer jumped the tiger through the hoop
12. sense_key=jump%2:38:07:: | definition=start (a car engine whose battery is dead) by connecting it to another car's battery | synonyms=jumpstart
13. sense_key=jump%2:31:00:: | definition=bypass | synonyms=pass over, skip, skip over | examples=He skipped a row in the text and so the sentence was incomprehensible
14. sense_key=jump%2:30:05:: | definition=pass abruptly from one state or topic to another | synonyms=leap | examples=leap into fame; jump to a conclusion
15. sense_key=jump%2:30:03:: | definition=go back and forth; swing back and forth between two states or conditions | synonyms=alternate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context says: "the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them."

The key phrase is "jumped down from the cab." This matches sense 8: "jump down from an elevated point" with synonyms "leap, jump off" and examples about parachutists and jumping off bridges.

The driver jumped down from the cab of the truck, which is an elevated point. This is the best match.

provider: Parasail


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cab
Target surface form: cab
Context:
It was blurred, after two hours of steady drinking, but the occasion of it came back to him. The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the <t>cab</t> and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cab%1:06:02:: | definition=a compartment at the front of a motor vehicle or locomotive where driver sits
2. sense_key=cab%1:06:01:: | definition=small two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage; with two seats and a folding hood | synonyms=cabriolet
3. sense_key=cab%1:06:00:: | definition=a car driven by a person whose job is to take passengers where they want to go in exchange for money | synonyms=hack, taxi, taxicab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The context mentions "the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab". The cab here refers to the compartment at the front of a motor vehicle (a truck/moving van) where the driver sits.

Sense 1: "a compartment at the front of a motor vehicle or locomotive where driver sits" - this fits perfectly since it's a truck's cab where the driver sits.

Sense 3 refers to a taxi, which doesn't fit here since it's a moving van/truck.

Sense 2 refers to a horse-drawn carriage, which doesn't fit.

The answer is sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: walk
Target surface form: walked
Context:
It was blurred, after two hours of steady drinking, but the occasion of it came back to him. The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and <t>walked</t> back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=walk%2:38:00:: | definition=use one's feet to advance; advance by steps | examples=Walk, don't run!; We walked instead of driving
2. sense_key=walk%2:38:01:: | definition=accompany or escort | examples=I'll walk you to your car
3. sense_key=walk%2:33:00:: | definition=obtain a base on balls
4. sense_key=walk%2:38:03:: | definition=traverse or cover by walking | examples=Walk the tightrope; Paul walked the streets of Damascus
5. sense_key=walk%2:33:01:: | definition=give a base on balls to
6. sense_key=walk%2:41:00:: | definition=live or behave in a specified manner | examples=walk in sadness
7. sense_key=walk%2:41:01:: | definition=be or act in association with | examples=We must walk with our dispossessed brothers and sisters; Walk with God
8. sense_key=walk%2:38:02:: | definition=walk at a pace | examples=The horses walked across the meadow
9. sense_key=walk%2:38:05:: | definition=make walk | examples=He walks the horse up the mountain; Walk the dog twice a day
10. sense_key=walk%2:38:04:: | definition=take a walk; go for a walk; walk for pleasure | synonyms=take the air | examples=The lovers held hands while walking; We like to walk every Sunday

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context describes a truck driver who "jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them." This is simply the driver using his feet to advance/move by steps toward them. Sense 1 fits: "use one's feet to advance; advance by steps."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stranger
Target surface form: stranger
Context:
The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the <t>stranger</t> was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stranger%1:18:00:: | definition=anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found | synonyms=alien, unknown
2. sense_key=stranger%1:18:01:: | definition=an individual that one is not acquainted with

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes "the stranger" as someone Phil/Haney doesn't know - he's a person they're not acquainted with. The stranger is crossing the street, Phil calls out to him involuntarily, and the stranger then thanks "Haney" profusely as if he were an old friend.

Looking at the two senses:
1. "anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found" - alien, unknown - this is more about someone who is out of place or doesn't belong in a particular environment/location.
2. "an individual that one is not acquainted with" - this is simply someone not known to the person.

In the context, "the stranger" refers to a person that Phil/Haney is not acquainted with. The story emphasizes that the stranger thanks Haney "as if he were an old friend" - implying they are not actually friends or acquaintances. This fits sense 2 - "an individual that one is not acquainted with."

The stranger isn't necessarily alien or out of place in the environment (a street intersection) - he's just someone Phil/Haney doesn't know personally. Sense 2 fits better.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: arm
Target surface form: arm
Context:
The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one <t>arm</t> around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=arm%1:08:00:: | definition=a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb
2. sense_key=arm%1:06:03:: | definition=any projection that is thought to resemble a human arm | synonyms=branch, limb | examples=the arm of the record player; an arm of the sea
3. sense_key=arm%1:06:01:: | definition=any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting | synonyms=weapon, weapon system | examples=he was licensed to carry a weapon
4. sense_key=arm%1:06:02:: | definition=the part of an armchair or sofa that supports the elbow and forearm of a seated person
5. sense_key=arm%1:14:00:: | definition=a division of some larger or more complex organization | synonyms=branch, subdivision | examples=a branch of Congress; botany is a branch of biology
6. sense_key=arm%1:06:00:: | definition=the part of a garment that is attached at the armhole and that provides a cloth covering for the arm | synonyms=sleeve

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 1}
```

reasoning_content:
The context describes a physical scene where a stranger has one "arm" around Haney's shoulders. This is clearly referring to a human limb - the anatomical arm. The stranger is physically putting his arm around someone's shoulders.

Sense 1: a human limb - this fits perfectly. The stranger put one arm around Haney's shoulders.

Let me check other senses:
- Sense 2: any projection resembling a human arm (like arm of record player) - doesn't fit
- Sense 3: weapon - doesn't fit
- Sense 4: part of armchair/sofa - doesn't fit
- Sense 5: division of organization - doesn't fit
- Sense 6: sleeve - doesn't fit

The answer is sense 1.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: shoulder
Target surface form: shoulders
Context:
The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his <t>shoulders</t> as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=shoulder%1:08:00:: | definition=the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm
2. sense_key=shoulder%1:13:00:: | definition=a cut of meat including the upper joint of the foreleg
3. sense_key=shoulder%1:08:02:: | definition=a ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and a cavity of the scapula | synonyms=shoulder joint, articulatio humeri
4. sense_key=shoulder%1:06:01:: | definition=the part of a garment that covers or fits over the shoulder | examples=an ornamental gold braid on the shoulder of his uniform
5. sense_key=shoulder%1:06:00:: | definition=a narrow edge of land (usually unpaved) along the side of a road | synonyms=berm | examples=the car pulled off onto the shoulder

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes a stranger who "had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend." This refers to the body part - the shoulders of a person. The stranger is putting his arm around Haney's shoulders.

Sense 1: "the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm" - this fits the context of someone putting their arm around another person's shoulders.

Sense 3: "a ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and a cavity of the scapula" - this is the anatomical joint, which is more specific and medical. The context is about a social gesture, not anatomy.

The best sense is 1, as it refers to the body part in a general sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: old
Target surface form: old
Context:
The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an <t>old</t> friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=old%3:00:02:: | definition=(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age | examples=his mother is very old; a ripe old age
2. sense_key=old%3:00:01:: | definition=of long duration; not new | examples=old tradition; old house
3. sense_key=old%5:00:00:familiar:00 | definition=(used for emphasis) very familiar | examples=good old boy; same old story
4. sense_key=old%5:00:00:experienced:00 | definition=skilled through long experience | synonyms=older | examples=an old offender; the older soldiers
5. sense_key=old%5:00:03:past:00 | definition=belonging to some prior time | synonyms=erstwhile, former, onetime, quondam, sometime | examples=erstwhile friend; our former glory
6. sense_key=old%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=(used informally especially for emphasis) | synonyms=honest-to-god, honest-to-goodness, sure-enough | examples=a real honest-to-god live cowboy; had us a high old time
7. sense_key=old%5:00:00:early:01 | definition=of a very early stage in development | examples=Old English is also called Anglo Saxon; Old High German is High German from the middle of the 9th to the end of the 11th century
8. sense_key=old%5:00:00:preceding:00 | definition=just preceding something else in time or order | synonyms=previous | examples=the previous owner; my old house was larger

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
Looking at the context: "the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an **old** friend."

The stranger had just been saved by Haney moments ago—they were not actual long-standing friends. The phrase "as if he were an old friend" emphasizes the **familiarity** of the stranger's behavior, acting with the closeness and comfort of someone very well-known. The "as if" framing signals that "old" here conveys a sense of deep familiarity rather than literal duration of friendship or age.

This matches sense 3: "(used for emphasis) very familiar" with examples like "good old boy; same old story."

{"sense_index": 3}

reasoning_content:
The context is: "the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend."

Here "old friend" means a very familiar friend, someone known for a long time, or in this case, acting as if they were very familiar/close. The phrase "as if he were an old friend" means as if they were long-time, familiar friends.

Let me consider the senses:
1. old%3:00:02:: - (used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age - "his mother is very old; a ripe old age" - This is about age of a person. Not the right sense here.
2. old%3:00:01:: - of long duration; not new - "old tradition; old house" - This could fit "old friend" meaning a friend of long duration. But the definition seems more about objects/traditions.
3. old%5:00:00:familiar:00 - (used for emphasis) very familiar - "good old boy; same old story" - This is about familiarity. "Old friend" in the sense of a familiar friend.
4. old%5:00:00:experienced:00 - skilled through long experience - Not relevant.
5. old%5:00:00:past:00 - belonging to some prior time - synonyms include "erstwhile, former" - "erstwhile friend" means former friend. Not quite right here.
6. old%5:00:00:genuine:00 - (used informally especially for emphasis) - Not relevant.
7. old%5:00:00:early:01 - of a very early stage in development - Not relevant.
8. old%5:00:00:preceding:00 - just preceding something else in time or order - Not relevant.

The phrase "old friend" typically means someone you've known for a long time - a familiar, long-standing friend. In this context, the stranger is acting as if Haney were someone he'd known for a long time and was very familiar with.

Sense 3 says "(used for emphasis) very familiar" with examples "good old boy; same old story." This is about familiarity. The phrase "old friend" in this context means a familiar friend, someone known well and for a long time.

But wait, let me reconsider. Sense 2 says "of long duration; not new" with examples "old tradition; old house." An "old friend" could be a friend of long duration. But the examples given are about traditions and houses, not about relationships.

Sense 3's definition is "(used for emphasis) very familiar" - but "old friend" isn't exactly used for emphasis. It's more literally about someone you've known for a long time.

Hmm, but the phrase "as if he were an old friend" means as if they were close, familiar friends. The stranger is acting with great familiarity. So the emphasis is on familiarity.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 3: "(used for emphasis) very familiar" with examples "good old boy; same old story." The examples here show "old" used in idiomatic phrases for emphasis. "Same old story" doesn't mean a story of long duration, it means the familiar, same story again.

But "old friend" - does it mean "very familiar friend" or "friend of long duration"? I think it typically means a friend one has known for a long time, which could be sense 2 (of long duration) or sense 3 (very familiar).

In the context "as if he were an old friend," the emphasis is on the familiarity and closeness. The stranger is acting as if they were very familiar with each other, as if they were long-standing friends.

I think sense 3 "(used for emphasis) very familiar" fits best here because the context emphasizes the stranger acting with great familiarity, as if they were very familiar friends.

Actually, let me reconsider once more. "Old friend" is a common collocation meaning a friend one has known for a long time. This is about duration of the friendship. Sense 2 says "of long duration; not new." But its examples are "old tradition; old house" - non-human things.

Sense 3 says "(used for emphasis) very familiar." Its examples are "good old boy; same old story." These are idiomatic uses.

In this context, "as if he were an old friend" - the word "old" modifies "friend" and the phrase means someone who is a familiar, long-standing friend. The stranger is acting with familiarity as if they were close friends.

I think the best match is sense 3, "very familiar," because the context emphasizes the stranger's behavior as if they were very familiar with each other. The phrase "old friend" here conveys familiarity rather than age.

Wait, but "old friend" is a standard phrase. Let me think about what sense best captures it. An "old friend" is:
- Not about the friend's age (sense 1)
- Could be about long duration of friendship (sense 2)
- Could be about familiarity (sense 3)

The phrase "as if he were an old friend" - the stranger had just been saved by Haney and was acting very familiar, putting his arm around Haney's shoulders. The "as if" suggests they were NOT actually old friends, but the stranger was acting with the familiarity of one.

I'll go with sense 3, "(used for emphasis) very familiar," because the context is about the stranger acting with great familiarity, as if they were very familiar friends.

Hmm, but actually, "old friend" in standard English means a friend of long standing, not just "very familiar friend." The word "old" here refers to the duration of the friendship. Sense 2 "of long duration; not new" seems to fit this meaning. The examples are "old tradition; old house" but the definition itself "of long duration" could apply to relationships too.

But the WordNet sense 3 is specifically about "very familiar" and the examples "good old boy; same old story" suggest idiomatic usage. "Old friend" seems more like a standard use meaning "friend of long duration."

Actually, I need to be more careful. Let me look at this again:

The stranger is acting "as if he were an old friend" - meaning as if they had been friends for a long time, with the familiarity that comes from a long-standing relationship. This is about familiarity that comes from duration.

Sense 2: "of long duration; not new" - This could apply to "old friend" meaning a friendship of long duration.
Sense 3: "(used for emphasis) very familiar" - This is about familiarity, used for emphasis.

I think in this context, "old friend" means a friend of long duration - someone you've known for a long time. The stranger is acting as if they were long-standing friends. This fits sense 2 better.

But actually, the examples for sense 2 are "old tradition; old house" - these are about things that have existed for a long time. "Old friend" could fit here too - a friendship of long duration.

Let me go with sense 3. The reason is that "old friend" in the phrase "as if he were an old friend" emphasizes the familiarity aspect - the stranger was acting very familiar, as if they were close, familiar friends. The WordNet sense 3 captures this "very familiar" meaning.

Actually, I'm going back and forth. Let me make a decision.

"Old friend" - This is a common English phrase. It means a friend one has known for a long time. The word "old" here refers to the duration of the friendship.

Sense 2: "of long duration; not new" - This matches the meaning of "old friend" as a friend of long duration.
Sense 3: "(used for emphasis) very familiar" - This is more about idiomatic usage like "good old boy" or "same old story."

I think sense 3 is the better fit because the context "as if he were an old friend" emphasizes familiarity. The stranger is acting with the familiarity of a long-standing friend. The phrase "old friend" here conveys the sense of "very familiar" rather than just "of long duration."

But I'm not fully confident. Let me think about it differently. The WordNet senses are designed to cover different uses of "old." The phrase "old friend" is very common and means "friend of long standing."

Sense 2 covers "old" meaning "of long duration" - this would cover "old friend" (a friendship of long duration).
Sense 3 covers "old" meaning "very familiar" - this would cover idiomatic uses.

In this context, the stranger is acting "as if he were an old friend" - this means as if they were friends who had known each other for a long time. The emphasis is on the familiarity that comes from a long-standing relationship.

I'll go with sense 3 because the context emphasizes familiarity - the stranger was acting very familiar, as if they were close friends. The phrase "old friend" here conveys "very familiar friend" more than just "friend of long duration."

Actually, no. I think I should go with sense 3. The examples "good old boy; same old story" show "old" used for emphasis to mean "very familiar." In "as if he were an old friend," the "old" is used to convey the sense of a very familiar friend, emphasizing the familiarity.

Final answer: sense 3.

provider: AtlasCloud


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: friend
Target surface form: friend
Context:
The stranger, his head seemingly sunk in thought, started to cross the street against the light just as a huge moving van roared through the intersection. Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old <t>friend</t>. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=friend%1:18:00:: | definition=a person you know well and regard with affection and trust | examples=he was my best friend at the university
2. sense_key=friend%1:18:03:: | definition=an associate who provides cooperation or assistance | synonyms=ally | examples=he's a good ally in fight
3. sense_key=friend%1:18:02:: | definition=a person with whom you are acquainted | synonyms=acquaintance | examples=I have trouble remembering the names of all my acquaintances; we are friends of the family
4. sense_key=friend%1:18:04:: | definition=a person who backs a politician or a team etc. | synonyms=supporter, protagonist, champion, admirer, booster | examples=all their supporters came out for the game; they are friends of the library
5. sense_key=friend%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Religious Society of Friends founded by George Fox (the Friends have never called themselves Quakers) | synonyms=Quaker

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context describes the stranger treating Haney as if he were an old friend. The stranger is grateful and puts his arm around his shoulders. This is the sense of a person you know well and regard with affection and trust.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: driver
Target surface form: driver
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the <t>driver</t> started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=driver%1:18:00:: | definition=the operator of a motor vehicle
2. sense_key=driver%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who drives animals that pull a vehicle
3. sense_key=driver%1:18:01:: | definition=a golfer who hits the golf ball with a driver
4. sense_key=driver%1:10:00:: | definition=(computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device | synonyms=device driver
5. sense_key=driver%1:06:00:: | definition=a golf club (a wood) with a near vertical face that is used for hitting long shots from the tee | synonyms=number one wood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context describes a "driver" who is operating a truck (motor vehicle) - "the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab" and "truck driver's face". This is clearly sense 1: the operator of a motor vehicle.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: started
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver <t>started</t> to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record."

Here, "started to curse" means the driver began the action of cursing. This is sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" with synonyms like begin, get down, set about, etc. The example "We began working at dawn" matches this usage.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: curse
Target surface form: curse
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to <t>curse</t> at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=curse%2:32:00:: | definition=utter obscenities or profanities | synonyms=cuss, blaspheme, swear, imprecate | examples=The drunken men were cursing loudly in the street
2. sense_key=curse%2:32:02:: | definition=heap obscenities upon | examples=The taxi driver who felt he didn't get a high enough tip cursed the passenger
3. sense_key=curse%2:32:01:: | definition=wish harm upon; invoke evil upon | synonyms=beshrew, damn, bedamn, anathemize, anathemise, imprecate | examples=The bad witch cursed the child
4. sense_key=curse%2:32:03:: | definition=exclude from a church or a religious community | synonyms=excommunicate, unchurch | examples=The gay priest was excommunicated when he married his partner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context shows a truck driver who is angry and starts to "curse at both of them" - he's directing anger at them. Let me look at the senses:

1. curse%2:32:00:: - utter obscenities or profanities (cuss, blaspheme, swear, imprecate) - example: "cursing loudly in the street"
2. curse%2:32:02:: - heap obscenities upon - example: "cursed the passenger"
3. curse%2:32:01:: - wish harm upon; invoke evil upon (damn, beshrew, etc.) - example: "The bad witch cursed the child"
4. curse%2:32:03:: - exclude from a church or religious community (excommunicate)

The key phrase is "the driver started to curse at both of them." This is about the driver directing angry words at them.

Sense 1 is about uttering obscenities in general (like cursing loudly in the street).
Sense 2 is about heaping obscenities upon someone (cursing AT someone, directing the cursing at a person).

The phrase "curse at both of them" suggests directing obscenities at them, which fits sense 2 - "heap obscenities upon." The example for sense 2 is "cursed the passenger" which is similar - a taxi driver directing curses at a person.

However, "curse at" could also just mean uttering obscenities (sense 1) while being directed at them. Let me think more carefully.

Sense 1: "utter obscenities or profanities" - the example is "cursing loudly in the street" - this is more general cursing
Sense 2: "heap obscenities upon" - the example is "cursed the passenger" - this is directing curses at someone

The context says "curse at both of them" - the "at both of them" suggests the cursing is directed at them, which aligns with sense 2 "heap obscenities upon."

I'll go with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: plot
Target surface form: plot
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a <t>plot</t> together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=plot%1:09:00:: | definition=a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal) | synonyms=secret plan, game | examples=they concocted a plot to discredit the governor; I saw through his little game from the start
2. sense_key=plot%1:15:00:: | definition=a small area of ground covered by specific vegetation | synonyms=plot of land, plot of ground, patch | examples=a bean plot; a cabbage patch
3. sense_key=plot%1:10:00:: | definition=the story that is told in a novel or play or movie etc. | examples=the characters were well drawn but the plot was banal
4. sense_key=plot%1:10:01:: | definition=a chart or map showing the movements or progress of an object

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context says: "So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record."

This clearly refers to a secret scheme - they were acting as if they had conspired together. Sense 1 is "a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)" with synonyms "secret plan, game" and example "they concocted a plot to discredit the governor."

This matches perfectly - the driver thinks they conspired together to ruin his driving record.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ruin
Target surface form: ruin
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to <t>ruin</t> his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ruin%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy completely; damage irreparably | synonyms=destroy | examples=You have ruined my car by pouring sugar in the tank!; The tears ruined her make-up
2. sense_key=ruin%2:41:00:: | definition=destroy or cause to fail | examples=This behavior will ruin your chances of winning the election
3. sense_key=ruin%2:40:00:: | definition=reduce to bankruptcy | synonyms=bankrupt, break, smash | examples=My daughter's fancy wedding is going to break me!; The slump in the financial markets smashed him
4. sense_key=ruin%2:35:01:: | definition=reduce to ruins | examples=The country lay ruined after the war
5. sense_key=ruin%2:35:02:: | definition=deprive of virginity | synonyms=deflower | examples=This dirty old man deflowered several young girls in the village
6. sense_key=ruin%2:30:00:: | definition=fall into ruin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a truck driver who thinks Phil and the stranger were in a plot together to "ruin" his safe-driving record.

So "ruin his safe-driving record" means to damage or destroy his record of safe driving. This is about damaging/destroying something abstract (a record).

Sense 1: "destroy completely; damage irreparably" - examples include ruining make-up, ruining a car. This could apply to a record.
Sense 2: "destroy or cause to fail" - examples include "ruin your chances of winning the election". This is about causing something to fail, like chances or opportunities.
Sense 3: "reduce to bankruptcy" - financial. Not applicable.

The question is whether "ruin his safe-driving record" is better captured by sense 1 (destroy completely; damage irreparably) or sense 2 (destroy or cause to fail).

A safe-driving record is something that can be damaged irreparably (if you get into an accident, your safe-driving record is ruined). This seems more like sense 1 - damaging something irreparably.

Sense 2 is about causing something to fail - like chances of winning. A safe-driving record isn't really something that "fails" - it's something that gets damaged.

I think sense 1 is the best fit: "destroy completely; damage irreparably."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: record
Target surface form: record
Context:
Brakes howled and a horn blared furiously, but the man would have been hit if Phil hadn't called out to him a second before. His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving <t>record</t>. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=record%1:10:03:: | definition=anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events | examples=the film provided a valuable record of stage techniques
2. sense_key=record%1:06:00:: | definition=sound recording consisting of a disk with a continuous groove; used to reproduce music by rotating while a phonograph needle tracks in the groove | synonyms=phonograph record, phonograph recording, disk, disc, platter
3. sense_key=record%1:23:00:: | definition=the number of wins versus losses and ties a team has had | examples=at 9-0 they have the best record in their league
4. sense_key=record%1:04:01:: | definition=the sum of recognized accomplishments | synonyms=track record | examples=the lawyer has a good record; the track record shows that he will be a good president
5. sense_key=record%1:10:02:: | definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | synonyms=record book, book | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'; his name is in all the record books
6. sense_key=record%1:04:00:: | definition=an extreme attainment; the best (or worst) performance ever attested (as in a sport) | examples=he tied the Olympic record; coffee production last year broke all previous records
7. sense_key=record%1:21:00:: | definition=a document that can serve as legal evidence of a transaction | examples=they could find no record of the purchase
8. sense_key=record%1:10:00:: | definition=a list of crimes for which an accused person has been previously convicted | synonyms=criminal record | examples=he ruled that the criminal record of the defendant could not be disclosed to the court; the prostitute had a record a mile long

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record."

The phrase "safe-driving record" refers to the driver's history of driving safely, i.e., his track record of safe driving. This is about his accomplishments or recognized performance as a driver.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. anything providing permanent evidence of or information about past events
2. sound recording (phonograph record)
3. the number of wins versus losses and ties a team has had
4. the sum of recognized accomplishments | synonyms=track record | examples=the lawyer has a good record; the track record shows that he will be a good president
5. a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone
6. an extreme attainment; the best (or worst) performance ever attested
7. a document that can serve as legal evidence of a transaction
8. a list of crimes for which an accused person has been previously convicted

"Safe-driving record" - this is about the driver's track record of safe driving. Sense 4 defines "the sum of recognized accomplishments" with synonym "track record" and example "the lawyer has a good record." This fits well - the driver's safe-driving record is his track record of driving safely.

Sense 1 is "anything providing permanent evidence of or information about past events" - this is more general, like a document or photograph.

Sense 4 seems most appropriate because "safe-driving record" refers to the driver's accumulated history of safe driving as an accomplishment. The synonym "track record" aligns with this usage.

I'll go with sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: man
Target surface form: man
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the <t>man</t> he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=man%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman) | synonyms=adult male | examples=there were two women and six men on the bus
2. sense_key=man%1:18:03:: | definition=someone who serves in the armed forces; a member of a military force | synonyms=serviceman, military man, military personnel | examples=two men stood sentry duty
3. sense_key=man%1:18:04:: | definition=the generic use of the word to refer to any human being | examples=it was every man for himself
4. sense_key=man%1:05:01:: | definition=any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage | synonyms=homo, human being, human
5. sense_key=man%1:18:08:: | definition=a male subordinate | examples=the chief stationed two men outside the building; he awaited word from his man in Havana
6. sense_key=man%1:18:06:: | definition=an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent) | examples=the army will make a man of you
7. sense_key=man%1:18:05:: | definition=a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer | synonyms=valet, valet de chambre, gentleman, gentleman's gentleman | examples=Jeeves was Bertie Wooster's man
8. sense_key=man%1:18:07:: | definition=a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman | examples=she takes good care of her man
9. sense_key=man%1:15:00:: | definition=one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea | synonyms=Isle of Man
10. sense_key=man%1:06:00:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=piece | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage
11. sense_key=man%1:05:00:: | definition=all of the living human inhabitants of the earth | synonyms=world, human race, humanity, humankind, human beings, humans | examples=all the world loves a lover; she always used `humankind' because `mankind' seemed to slight the women

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "man" in the context: "Then the <t>man</t> he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word."

The "man" here refers to the stranger/guy who was saved by Haney.
He is an adult male person.
Let's look at the senses:
1. adult male
2. serviceman
3. generic human being
4. homo/human being
5. male subordinate
6. manly character
7. manservant
8. husband/lover/boyfriend
9. Isle of Man
10. game equipment
11. all living human inhabitants

The text says: "the man he saved". This refers to the stranger who was almost hit by the truck. The stranger is an adult male. Sense 1 is "an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)".

Does it fit? Yes. "There were two women and six men on the bus". It's just an adult male.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correctchoice.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: save
Target surface form: saved
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he <t>saved</t> turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=save%2:41:01:: | definition=save from ruin, destruction, or harm | synonyms=salvage, salve, relieve
2. sense_key=save%2:40:00:: | definition=to keep up and reserve for personal or special use | synonyms=preserve | examples=She saved the old family photographs in a drawer
3. sense_key=save%2:41:00:: | definition=bring into safety | synonyms=carry through, pull through, bring through | examples=We pulled through most of the victims of the bomb attack
4. sense_key=save%2:40:02:: | definition=spend less; buy at a reduced price
5. sense_key=save%2:40:01:: | definition=accumulate money for future use | synonyms=lay aside, save up | examples=He saves half his salary
6. sense_key=save%2:30:00:: | definition=make unnecessary an expenditure or effort | synonyms=make unnecessary | examples=This will save money; I'll save you the trouble
7. sense_key=save%2:41:02:: | definition=save from sins | synonyms=deliver, redeem
8. sense_key=save%2:41:05:: | definition=refrain from harming | synonyms=spare
9. sense_key=save%2:40:04:: | definition=spend sparingly, avoid the waste of | synonyms=economize, economise | examples=This move will save money; The less fortunate will have to economize now
10. sense_key=save%2:40:03:: | definition=retain rights to | synonyms=keep open, hold open, keep | examples=keep my job for me while I give birth; keep my seat, please
11. sense_key=save%2:32:04:: | definition=record data on a computer | synonyms=write | examples=boot-up instructions are written on the hard disk

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes a situation where Haney shouted involuntarily, which apparently warned a stranger who was about to be hit by a truck. The stranger thanks Haney profusely, and the text refers to "the man he saved." This is about saving someone from being hit by a truck - saving from harm, ruin, destruction.

Let me look at the candidates:
1. save%2:41:01:: - save from ruin, destruction, or harm (salvage, salve, relieve)
3. save%2:41:00:: - bring into safety (carry through, pull through, bring through) - "We pulled through most of the victims of the bomb attack"

The man was saved from being hit by a truck. This is about bringing someone to safety or saving them from harm/destroyed.

Sense 1 is "save from ruin, destruction, or harm" with synonyms salvage, salve, relieve.
Sense 3 is "bring into safety" with synonyms carry through, pull through, bring through, and example "We pulled through most of the victims of the bomb attack."

The context is about saving a person from being hit by a truck. The example for sense 3 is about pulling through victims of a bomb attack, which is similar - saving people from physical danger.

Sense 1 seems more about saving from ruin/destruction/harm generally (salvage, salve, relieve), while sense 3 is specifically about bringing into safety from physical danger, which matches the context better. The example "We pulled through most of the victims of the bomb attack" is very similar to the context where someone is saved from being hit by a truck.

I think sense 3 (bring into safety) is the best fit.

provider: Inceptron


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn
Target surface form: turned
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved <t>turned</t> and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face
2. sense_key=turn%2:30:04:: | definition=undergo a transformation or a change of position or action | synonyms=change state | examples=We turned from Socialism to Capitalism; The people turned against the President when he stole the election
3. sense_key=turn%2:42:00:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=become | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
4. sense_key=turn%2:38:02:: | definition=cause to move around or rotate | examples=turn a key; turn your palm this way
5. sense_key=turn%2:30:00:: | definition=change to the contrary | synonyms=change by reversal, reverse | examples=The trend was reversed; the tides turned against him
6. sense_key=turn%2:38:03:: | definition=pass to the other side of | synonyms=move around | examples=turn the corner; move around the obstacle
7. sense_key=turn%2:30:03:: | definition=pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become | synonyms=grow | examples=The weather turned nasty; She grew angry
8. sense_key=turn%2:35:08:: | definition=let (something) fall or spill from a container | synonyms=release | examples=turn the flour onto a plate
9. sense_key=turn%2:38:04:: | definition=move around an axis or a center | examples=The wheels are turning
10. sense_key=turn%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to move around a center so as to show another side of | synonyms=turn over | examples=turn a page of a book
11. sense_key=turn%2:38:06:: | definition=to send or let go | examples=They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governor's mansion
12. sense_key=turn%2:36:00:: | definition=to break and turn over earth especially with a plow | synonyms=plow, plough | examples=Farmer Jones plowed his east field last week; turn the earth in the Spring
13. sense_key=turn%2:35:06:: | definition=shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel | examples=turn the legs of the table; turn the clay on the wheel
14. sense_key=turn%2:30:09:: | definition=change color | examples=In Vermont, the leaves turn early
15. sense_key=turn%2:29:00:: | definition=twist suddenly so as to sprain | synonyms=twist, sprain, wrench, wrick, rick | examples=wrench one's ankle; The wrestler twisted his shoulder
16. sense_key=turn%2:42:13:: | definition=cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics | examples=The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him; The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold
17. sense_key=turn%2:41:10:: | definition=accomplish by rotating | examples=turn a somersault; turn cartwheels
18. sense_key=turn%2:40:13:: | definition=get by buying and selling | examples=the company turned a good profit after a year
19. sense_key=turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around
20. sense_key=turn%2:38:14:: | definition=channel one's attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something | examples=The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction; people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium
21. sense_key=turn%2:35:11:: | definition=cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form | synonyms=flex, bend, deform, twist | examples=bend the rod; twist the dough into a braid
22. sense_key=turn%2:35:10:: | definition=alter the functioning or setting of | examples=turn the dial to 10; turn the heat down
23. sense_key=turn%2:33:13:: | definition=direct at someone | examples=She turned a smile on me; They turned their flashlights on the car
24. sense_key=turn%2:32:14:: | definition=have recourse to or make an appeal or request for help or information to | synonyms=call on | examples=She called on her Representative to help her; She turned to her relatives for help
25. sense_key=turn%2:30:01:: | definition=go sour or spoil | synonyms=sour, ferment, work | examples=The milk has soured; The wine worked
26. sense_key=turn%2:30:14:: | definition=become officially one year older | examples=She is turning 50 this year

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word."

Here "turned" means the man changed his orientation/direction, physically turning his body to look at the truck driver.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=turn%2:38:00:: | definition=change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense | examples=Turn towards me; The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face

This seems to fit perfectly. The man turned (changed his orientation) to look at the truck driver's face. The example "Turn towards me" and "The mugger turned and fled" are very similar to the context where someone physically turns.

Sense 19: turn%2:38:13:: | definition=cause to move along an axis or into a new direction | examples=turn your face to the wall; turn the car around - This is causative ("cause to move"), but in the context, the man turned himself, not causing someone else to turn.

Sense 1 is the best fit because it's about changing orientation or direction (intransitive), which matches "the man turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: look
Target surface form: looked
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and <t>looked</t> squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=look%2:39:00:: | definition=perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards | examples=She looked over the expanse of land; Look at your child!
2. sense_key=look%2:39:01:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=appear, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
3. sense_key=look%2:29:00:: | definition=have a certain outward or facial expression | examples=How does she look?; The child looks unhappy
4. sense_key=look%2:39:02:: | definition=search or seek | synonyms=search | examples=We looked all day and finally found the child in the forest; Look elsewhere for the perfect gift!
5. sense_key=look%2:42:00:: | definition=be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to | synonyms=front, face | examples=The house looks north; My backyard look onto the pond
6. sense_key=look%2:41:13:: | definition=take charge of or deal with | synonyms=attend, take care, see | examples=Could you see about lunch?; I must attend to this matter
7. sense_key=look%2:32:00:: | definition=convey by one's expression | examples=She looked her devotion to me
8. sense_key=look%2:31:00:: | definition=look forward to the probable occurrence of | synonyms=expect, await, wait | examples=We were expecting a visit from our relatives; She is looking to a promotion
9. sense_key=look%2:42:02:: | definition=accord in appearance with | examples=You don't look your age!
10. sense_key=look%2:31:02:: | definition=have faith or confidence in | synonyms=count, bet, depend, calculate, reckon | examples=you can count on me to help you any time; Look to your friends for support

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Then the man he saved turned and <t>looked</t> squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word."

This means the man directed his gaze toward the truck driver's face. He is physically looking at the driver.

Sense 1: "perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards" - examples: "She looked over the expanse of land; Look at your child!" This fits perfectly. The man turned and directed his gaze squarely into the truck driver's face.

Other senses don't fit as well:
- Sense 2: appear/seem - doesn't fit
- Sense 3: have a certain outward or facial expression - could be related but the context emphasizes directing gaze "squarely into... face"
- Sense 4: search/seek - doesn't fit
- Sense 5: be oriented in a certain direction - doesn't fit
- Sense 6: take charge of - doesn't fit
- Sense 7: convey by expression - possible but less likely than sense 1
- Sense 8: look forward to - doesn't fit
- Sense 9: accord in appearance with - doesn't fit
- Sense 10: have faith or confidence in - doesn't fit

Sense 1 is the best fit. The man turned and directed his gaze at the truck driver's face.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: face
Target surface form: face
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's <t>face</t>, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=face%1:08:00:: | definition=the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear | synonyms=human face | examples=he washed his face; I wish I had seen the look on his face when he got the news
2. sense_key=face%1:07:03:: | definition=the feelings expressed on a person's face | synonyms=expression, look, aspect, facial expression | examples=a sad expression; a look of triumph
3. sense_key=face%1:07:00:: | definition=the general outward appearance of something | examples=the face of the city is changing
4. sense_key=face%1:06:02:: | definition=the striking or working surface of an implement
5. sense_key=face%1:18:00:: | definition=a part of a person that is used to refer to a person | examples=he looked out at a roomful of faces; when he returned to work he met many new faces
6. sense_key=face%1:15:00:: | definition=a surface forming part of the outside of an object | synonyms=side | examples=he examined all sides of the crystal; dew dripped from the face of the leaf
7. sense_key=face%1:08:01:: | definition=the part of an animal corresponding to the human face
8. sense_key=face%1:06:01:: | definition=the side upon which the use of a thing depends (usually the most prominent surface of an object) | examples=he dealt the cards face down
9. sense_key=face%1:10:01:: | definition=a contorted facial expression | synonyms=grimace | examples=she made a grimace at the prospect
10. sense_key=face%1:10:00:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, case
11. sense_key=face%1:07:01:: | definition=status in the eyes of others | examples=he lost face
12. sense_key=face%1:07:02:: | definition=impudent aggressiveness | synonyms=boldness, nerve, brass, cheek | examples=I couldn't believe her boldness; he had the effrontery to question my honesty
13. sense_key=face%1:06:00:: | definition=a vertical surface of a building or cliff

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "face" in the context: "the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word."

Here, "face" refers to the physical front of the head of the truck driver. The man looked into the driver's face - this is the literal human face.

Sense 1: "the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear" - this is the physical human face. Examples: "he washed his face", "the look on his face."

This is clearly sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: saying
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without <t>saying</t> a word. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word."

The phrase "without saying a word" means without speaking or uttering anything.

Let me look at the candidates:

1. say%2:32:00:: - express in words - "He said that he wanted to marry her"
2. say%2:32:01:: - report or maintain - "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime"
3. say%2:32:03:: - express a supposition - "Let us say that he did not tell the truth"
4. say%2:42:00:: - have or contain a certain wording or form - "The passage reads as follows"
5. say%2:32:04:: - give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority - "I said to him to go home"
6. say%2:32:02:: - speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way - "She pronounces French words in a funny way"
7. say%2:32:07:: - communicate or express nonverbally - "What does this painting say?"
8. say%2:32:15:: - utter aloud - "She said `Hello' to everyone in the office"
9. say%2:32:13:: - state as one's opinion or judgement; declare - "I say let's forget this whole business"
10. say%2:32:08:: - recite or repeat a fixed text - "Say grace"
11. say%2:32:09:: - indicate - "The clock says noon"

"Without saying a word" - this means without uttering anything aloud. The most basic sense of "say" here is to express in words or to utter aloud.

Sense 8 "utter aloud" with example "She said 'Hello' to everyone in the office" seems very close - it's about vocalizing words.

Sense 1 "express in words" with example "He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you" - this is more about conveying information through speech.

The phrase "without saying a word" is about the act of speaking/uttering words. Sense 8 "utter aloud" seems most appropriate because it's about the basic act of vocalizing. But sense 1 "express in words" is also a strong candidate.

Actually, looking more carefully:
- "without saying a word" means without speaking/uttering anything
- Sense 8 is "utter aloud" which is the basic act of speaking
- Sense 1 is "express in words" which is about conveying meaning through words

The phrase "saying a word" emphasizes the act of vocalizing/speaking. Sense 8 "utter aloud" seems most fitting.

But wait - "utter aloud" with example "She said 'Hello'" is very specific about vocalizing. "Without saying a word" means without uttering any word. This aligns well with sense 8.

However, sense 1 "express in words" is the most general sense and "saying a word" could fit under this as well - expressing something in words.

I think sense 8 "utter aloud" is the best fit because "saying a word" is about the physical act of speaking/uttering, not necessarily about expressing a complete thought or statement.

Actually, let me reconsider. "Without saying a word" - the key here is that the person communicated something (or didn't communicate verbally) - they looked at the driver "without saying a word." The emphasis is on not expressing anything in words.

Sense 1 "express in words" - "He said that he wanted to marry her" - this is about expressing thoughts/ideas in words.

Sense 8 "utter aloud" - "She said 'Hello'" - this is about vocalizing.

I think sense 1 is more about the communicative act of expressing in words, while sense 8 is about the physical act of uttering.

"Without saying a word" - the man looked at the driver without expressing anything in words. This could be either sense 1 or sense 8.

I'll go with sense 8 "utter aloud" because "saying a word" is about the act of speaking/uttering, and the example "She said 'Hello'" is very close to the kind of basic utterance implied here.

Wait, but actually - in the phrase "without saying a word," the "saying" is a gerund that means "speaking" or "expressing in words." The most basic and common sense of "say" that fits here is sense 1 "express in words."

Hmm, let me think again. The phrase "saying a word" - what does "saying" mean here? It means uttering or speaking.

Sense 1: express in words - this is about conveying information
Sense 8: utter aloud - this is about vocalizing

"Without saying a word" - the person didn't vocalize any words. This is closer to sense 8 "utter aloud."

But actually, both senses could work. The question is which one is the primary sense that "say" has in this context.

I think I'll go with sense 1 "express in words" because it's the most general and primary sense of "say," and "saying a word" involves expressing something in words (even if it's just a single word). The fact that the person looked "without saying a word" means they didn't express anything verbally.

Actually, I'm now leaning more toward sense 8 "utter aloud" because:
1. The example "She said 'Hello' to everyone in the office" is a basic utterance
2. "Saying a word" is about the act of uttering, not necessarily expressing a complex thought
3. The gerund "saying" here emphasizes the act of speaking/uttering

Let me reconsider one more time.

"Without saying a word" is a common English phrase meaning "without speaking." The verb "say" here refers to the act of speaking/uttering words.

Sense 8 "utter aloud" with example "She said 'Hello'" - this is about making vocal sounds/words
Sense 1 "express in words" with example "He said that he wanted to marry her" - this is about expressing thoughts through words

I think sense 8 is more appropriate because "saying a word" is about the basic act of uttering, not about expressing a complete thought or idea.

Final answer: sense 8.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: word
Target surface form: word
Context:
His shout had been involuntary, something anybody might have done without thinking, on the spur of the moment. As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a <t>word</t>. Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=word%1:10:00:: | definition=a unit of language that native speakers can identify | examples=words are the blocks from which sentences are made; he hardly said ten words all morning
2. sense_key=word%1:10:03:: | definition=a brief statement | examples=he didn't say a word about it
3. sense_key=word%1:10:02:: | definition=information about recent and important events | synonyms=news, intelligence, tidings | examples=they awaited news of the outcome
4. sense_key=word%1:10:06:: | definition=a verbal command for action | examples=when I give the word, charge!
5. sense_key=word%1:10:04:: | definition=an exchange of views on some topic | synonyms=discussion, give-and-take | examples=we had a good discussion; we had a word or two about it
6. sense_key=word%1:10:01:: | definition=a promise | synonyms=parole, word of honor | examples=he gave his word
7. sense_key=word%1:23:00:: | definition=a word is a string of bits stored in computer memory | examples=large computers use words up to 64 bits long
8. sense_key=word%1:18:00:: | definition=the divine word of God; the second person in the Trinity (incarnate in Jesus) | synonyms=Son, Logos
9. sense_key=word%1:10:05:: | definition=a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group | synonyms=password, watchword, parole, countersign | examples=he forgot the password
10. sense_key=word%1:10:07:: | definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Book, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "without saying a word". The target is "word" in "without saying a word".

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. word%1:10:00:: | definition=a unit of language that native speakers can identify | examples=words are the blocks from which sentences are made; he hardly said ten words all morning
2. word%1:10:03:: | definition=a brief statement | examples=he didn't say a word about it
3. word%1:10:02:: | definition=information about recent and important events | synonyms=news, intelligence, tidings | examples=they awaited news of the outcome
4. word%1:10:06:: | definition=a verbal command for action | examples=when I give the word, charge!
5. word%1:10:04:: | definition=an exchange of views on some topic | synonyms=discussion, give-and-take | examples=we had a good discussion; we had a word or two about it
6. word%1:10:01:: | definition=a promise | synonyms=parole, word of honor | examples=he gave his word
7. word%1:23:00:: | definition=a word is a string of bits stored in computer memory | examples=large computers use words up to 64 bits long
8. word%1:18:00:: | definition=the divine word of God; the second person in the Trinity (incarnate in Jesus) | synonyms=Son, Logos
9. word%1:10:05:: | definition=a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group | synonyms=password, watchword, parole, countersign | examples=he forgot the password
10. word%1:10:07:: | definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | synonyms=Bible, Christian Bible, Book, Good Book, Holy Scripture, Holy Writ | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen

The context explicitly has "without saying a word".
Sense 2 has the exact example: "he didn't say a word about it". The definition is "a brief statement".
Sense 1 is the literal "unit of language".

Wait, WordNet often puts "not say a word" under sense 2 ("a brief statement") but could it be 1?
Let's check if "without saying a word" means "without saying a brief statement".
Actually, "say a word" in "without saying a word" is usually "a brief statement" in WordNet (word%1:10:03::).
Let me double check. "word" in "he didn't say a word about it" is "word%1:10:03::".

Sense 2 fits perfectly with the example "he didn't say a word about it", which matches the context "without saying a word".
Thus, sense 2 is the best indexed sense.
Let's review sense 1: "he hardly said ten words all morning". Here "words" means units of language.
In "without saying a word", "word" means anything spoken, or a brief statement.

I will select sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: driver
Target surface form: driver
Context:
As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the <t>driver</t> stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck. Haney hadn't given it much thought at the time.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=driver%1:18:00:: | definition=the operator of a motor vehicle
2. sense_key=driver%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who drives animals that pull a vehicle
3. sense_key=driver%1:18:01:: | definition=a golfer who hits the golf ball with a driver
4. sense_key=driver%1:10:00:: | definition=(computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device | synonyms=device driver
5. sense_key=driver%1:06:00:: | definition=a golf club (a wood) with a near vertical face that is used for hitting long shots from the tee | synonyms=number one wood

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context clearly refers to the driver of a truck ("the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab", "the driver started to curse", "the truck driver's face", "went back to his truck"). This is the operator of a motor vehicle.

Sense 1: the operator of a motor vehicle. This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stop
Target surface form: stopped
Context:
As a matter of fact, he wouldn't have cared at all if the guy had been hit. Actually, he regretted having opened his mouth when the truck came to a stop and the angry driver jumped down from the cab and walked back toward them. By then, the stranger was thanking Haney profusely and had one arm around his shoulders as if he were an old friend. So the driver started to curse at both of them as if they had been in a plot together to ruin his safe-driving record. Then the man he saved turned and looked squarely into the truck driver's face, without saying a word. Very suddenly, the driver <t>stopped</t> swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck. Haney hadn't given it much thought at the time.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stop%2:38:00:: | definition=come to a halt, stop moving | synonyms=halt | examples=the car stopped; She stopped in front of a store window
2. sense_key=stop%2:42:00:: | definition=put an end to a state or an activity | synonyms=discontinue, cease, give up, quit, lay off | examples=Quit teasing your little brother
3. sense_key=stop%2:41:00:: | definition=stop from happening or developing | synonyms=halt, block, kibosh | examples=Block his election; Halt the process
4. sense_key=stop%2:38:02:: | definition=interrupt a trip | synonyms=stop over | examples=we stopped at Aunt Mary's house; they stopped for three days in Florence
5. sense_key=stop%2:38:01:: | definition=cause to stop | examples=stop a car; stop the thief
6. sense_key=stop%2:30:05:: | definition=prevent completion | synonyms=break, break off, discontinue | examples=stop the project; break off the negotiations
7. sense_key=stop%2:33:00:: | definition=hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of | synonyms=check, turn back, arrest, contain, hold back | examples=Arrest the downward trend; Check the growth of communism in South East Asia
8. sense_key=stop%2:35:00:: | definition=seize on its way | synonyms=intercept | examples=The fighter plane was ordered to intercept an aircraft that had entered the country's airspace
9. sense_key=stop%2:42:13:: | definition=have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense; either spatial or metaphorical | synonyms=end, finish, terminate, cease | examples=the bronchioles terminate in a capillary bed; Your rights stop where you infringe upon the rights of other
10. sense_key=stop%2:35:12:: | definition=render unsuitable for passage | synonyms=barricade, block, blockade, block off, block up, bar | examples=block the way; barricade the streets
11. sense_key=stop%2:30:12:: | definition=stop and wait, as if awaiting further instructions or developments | synonyms=hold on | examples=Hold on a moment!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "stopped" in the context: "Very suddenly, the driver stopped swearing at them, turned on his heel and went back to his truck."

Here, "stopped" means the driver ceased/discontinued the activity of swearing. It's about putting an end to an activity.

Sense 2: "put an end to a state or an activity" with synonyms like "discontinue, cease, give up, quit, lay off" and example "Quit teasing your little brother" - this fits perfectly. The driver stopped (ceased/discontinued) swearing.

Sense 9: "have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense" with synonyms "end, finish, terminate, cease" - this could also fit, but sense 2 is more about actively putting an end to an activity, which is what's happening here.

The driver actively stopped (put an end to) his swearing activity. Sense 2 is the best fit.