[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: support
Target surface form: support
Context:
To the extent that potential Republican candidates and their financial backers realize that the congressional prisoner's dilemma game works to their disadvantage, the Republican Party will be hindered in its attempts to field a competitive slate of congressional candidates. Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical <t>support</t> for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=support%1:04:04:: | definition=the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities | examples=his support kept the family together; they gave him emotional support during difficult times
2. sense_key=support%1:04:00:: | definition=aiding the cause or policy or interests of | examples=the president no longer has the support of his own party; they developed a scheme of mutual support
3. sense_key=support%1:09:00:: | definition=something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest | examples=the policy found little public support; his faith was all the support he needed
4. sense_key=support%1:04:03:: | definition=a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission | synonyms=reinforcement, reenforcement | examples=they called for artillery support
5. sense_key=support%1:04:02:: | definition=documentary validation | synonyms=documentation | examples=his documentation of the results was excellent; the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones
6. sense_key=support%1:21:00:: | definition=the financial means whereby one lives | synonyms=keep, livelihood, living, bread and butter, sustenance | examples=each child was expected to pay for their keep; he applied to the state for support
7. sense_key=support%1:06:01:: | definition=supporting structure that holds up or provides a foundation | examples=the statue stood on a marble support
8. sense_key=support%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening | synonyms=supporting | examples=he leaned against the wall for support
9. sense_key=support%1:10:01:: | definition=a musical part (vocal or instrumental) that supports or provides background for other musical parts | synonyms=accompaniment, musical accompaniment, backup
10. sense_key=support%1:06:00:: | definition=any device that bears the weight of another thing | examples=there was no place to attach supports for a shelf
11. sense_key=support%1:21:01:: | definition=financial resources provided to make some project possible | synonyms=financial support, funding, backing, financial backing | examples=the foundation provided support for the experiment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "support" appears in the phrase "empirical support" in the context: "Is there any empirical support for this theory?"

The context is about evidence that corroborates a theory. The sentence asks if there is empirical support (i.e., documentary validation or evidence) for the theory.

Sense 5: "documentary validation" with synonyms "documentation" and examples like "the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones" - this fits well with "empirical support for this theory."

Sense 3: "something providing immaterial assistance to a person or cause or interest" with examples like "the policy found little public support" - this is more about backing/endorsement.

The phrase "empirical support for this theory" means evidence that validates the theory. Sense 5 with its definition "documentary validation" and the example "the strongest support for this view is the work of Jones" matches this usage closely.

So the answer is sense 5.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: piece
Target surface form: pieces
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three <t>pieces</t> of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=piece%1:06:00:: | definition=a separate part of a whole | examples=an important piece of the evidence
2. sense_key=piece%1:06:05:: | definition=an item that is an instance of some type | examples=he designed a new piece of equipment; she bought a lovely piece of china
3. sense_key=piece%1:17:00:: | definition=a portion of a natural object | synonyms=part | examples=they analyzed the river into three parts; he needed a piece of granite
4. sense_key=piece%1:10:01:: | definition=a musical work that has been created | synonyms=musical composition, opus, composition, piece of music | examples=the composition is written in four movements
5. sense_key=piece%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance of some kind | synonyms=bit | examples=it was a nice piece of work; he had a bit of good luck
6. sense_key=piece%1:10:02:: | definition=an artistic or literary composition | examples=he wrote an interesting piece on Iran; the children acted out a comic piece to amuse the guests
7. sense_key=piece%1:06:03:: | definition=a portable gun | synonyms=firearm, small-arm | examples=he wore his firearm in a shoulder holster
8. sense_key=piece%1:13:00:: | definition=a serving that has been cut from a larger portion | synonyms=slice | examples=a piece of pie; a slice of bread
9. sense_key=piece%1:07:00:: | definition=a distance | examples=it is down the road a piece
10. sense_key=piece%1:06:04:: | definition=a work of art of some artistic value | synonyms=objet d'art, art object | examples=this store sells only objets d'art; it is not known who created this piece
11. sense_key=piece%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition | synonyms=while, spell, patch | examples=he was here for a little while; I need to rest for a piece
12. sense_key=piece%1:21:00:: | definition=a share of something | synonyms=slice | examples=a slice of the company's revenue
13. sense_key=piece%1:06:02:: | definition=game equipment consisting of an object used in playing certain board games | synonyms=man | examples=he taught me to set up the men on the chess board; he sacrificed a piece to get a strategic advantage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The context is "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption..."

Here "pieces of evidence" means separate parts or items of evidence. Let me look at the senses:

1. piece%1:06:00:: | definition=a separate part of a whole | examples=an important piece of the evidence

This example literally has "an important piece of the evidence" which matches "pieces of evidence" in the context. This is the best fit.

Let me also consider sense 5: "an instance of some kind" with example "it was a nice piece of work; he had a bit of good luck". This could also fit "pieces of evidence" as instances of evidence.

But sense 1 has the exact example "an important piece of the evidence" which matches the context perfectly. The definition "a separate part of a whole" also fits - three separate pieces of evidence that together corroborate the assumption.

Sense 1 is the best match.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evidence
Target surface form: evidence
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of <t>evidence</t> corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evidence%1:09:00:: | definition=your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief | synonyms=grounds | examples=the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling
2. sense_key=evidence%1:10:01:: | definition=an indication that makes something evident | examples=his trembling was evidence of his fear
3. sense_key=evidence%1:10:00:: | definition=(law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses "three pieces of evidence" that "corroborate the key assumption" in a theory. This is about providing support/proof for a claim, similar to "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling."

Sense 1: "your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief" with synonym "grounds" - this fits well as the evidence serves as the basis for believing the theory.

Sense 2: "an indication that makes something evident" - example "his trembling was evidence of his fear" - this is more about a sign or indication.

Sense 3: legal context - not applicable here.

The "three pieces of evidence" are providing grounds for belief in the theory. Sense 1 fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: assumption
Target surface form: assumption
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key <t>assumption</t> that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=assumption%1:10:00:: | definition=a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn | synonyms=premise, premiss | examples=on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play
2. sense_key=assumption%1:09:00:: | definition=a hypothesis that is taken for granted | synonyms=supposition, supposal | examples=any society is built upon certain assumptions
3. sense_key=assumption%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of taking possession of or power over something | synonyms=laying claim | examples=his assumption of office coincided with the trouble in Cuba; the Nazi assumption of power in 1934
4. sense_key=assumption%1:28:00:: | definition=celebration in the Roman Catholic Church of the Virgin Mary's being taken up into heaven when her earthly life ended; corresponds to the Dormition in the Eastern Orthodox Church | synonyms=Assumption of Mary, August 15
5. sense_key=assumption%1:11:00:: | definition=(Christianity) the taking up of the body and soul of the Virgin Mary when her earthly life had ended
6. sense_key=assumption%1:07:00:: | definition=audacious (even arrogant) behavior that you have no right to | synonyms=presumption, presumptuousness, effrontery | examples=he despised them for their presumptuousness
7. sense_key=assumption%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of assuming or taking for granted | examples=your assumption that I would agree was unwarranted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "assumption" in context: "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues."

Here, "assumption" refers to a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn. It's a premise that the theory is built upon. The phrase "the key assumption that..." indicates it's a proposition taken as true.

Sense 1: "a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn" - premise, premiss. Example: "on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play"

Sense 2: "a hypothesis that is taken for granted" - supposition, supposal. Example: "any society is built upon certain assumptions"

The context says "Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues." This is a statement assumed to be true, from which conclusions are drawn (the theory about ticket splitting). The evidence corroborates this assumption.

Sense 1 seems most appropriate because it's a statement assumed to be true from which a conclusion can be drawn - it's a premise of the theory. The example fits well too.

Sense 2 is about a hypothesis taken for granted. This could also fit, but sense 1 is more specific about being a statement from which a conclusion can be drawn, which fits the theoretical context better.

I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democratic
Target surface form: Democratic
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that <t>Democratic</t> legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses "Democratic legislators" in the context of the South, Congress, the Democratic Party, and contrasts them with "Republicans" or "GOP senators." This clearly refers to the political party, the Democratic Party.

Sense 1: characterized by or advocating democracy
Sense 2: belong to or relating to the Democratic Party (example: "Democratic senator")
Sense 3: representing or appealing to the people at large

The target surface form is "Democratic" modifying "legislators," referring to members of the Democratic Party. Sense 2 is the best fit.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: willing
Target surface form: willing
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more <t>willing</t> to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=willing%3:00:00:: | definition=disposed or inclined toward | examples=a willing participant; willing helpers
2. sense_key=willing%5:00:00:voluntary:01 | definition=not brought about by coercion or force | synonyms=uncoerced, unforced | examples=the confession was uncoerced

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "willing" appears in the phrase "more willing to engage in local benefit-seeking." This means Democrats are more disposed or inclined toward engaging in local benefit-seeking than Republicans. Sense 1 fits this - "disposed or inclined toward." Sense 2 is about "not brought about by coercion or force," which doesn't fit the context of being more or less inclined to do something.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: engage
Target surface form: engage
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to <t>engage</t> in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=engage%2:41:06:: | definition=carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in | synonyms=prosecute, pursue | examples=She pursued many activities; They engaged in a discussion
2. sense_key=engage%2:31:00:: | definition=consume all of one's attention or time | synonyms=absorb, engross, occupy | examples=Her interest in butterflies absorbs her completely
3. sense_key=engage%2:41:01:: | definition=engage or hire for work | synonyms=hire, employ | examples=They hired two new secretaries in the department; How many people has she employed?
4. sense_key=engage%2:41:00:: | definition=ask to represent; of legal counsel | examples=I'm retaining a lawyer
5. sense_key=engage%2:32:00:: | definition=give to in marriage | synonyms=betroth, affiance, plight
6. sense_key=engage%2:30:00:: | definition=get caught | examples=make sure the gear is engaged
7. sense_key=engage%2:41:12:: | definition=carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns) | synonyms=wage | examples=Napoleon and Hitler waged war against all of Europe
8. sense_key=engage%2:40:01:: | definition=hire for work or assistance | synonyms=enlist | examples=engage aid, help, services, or support
9. sense_key=engage%2:40:00:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, take | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
10. sense_key=engage%2:35:00:: | definition=keep engaged | synonyms=mesh, lock, operate | examples=engaged the gears

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "engage" in the phrase "engage in local benefit-seeking".
The context discusses Democratic legislators being more willing to "engage in" local benefit-seeking than their Republican colleagues.
This means they participate in or carry out this activity.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. engage%2:41:06:: | definition=carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in | synonyms=prosecute, pursue | examples=She pursued many activities; They engaged in a discussion
2. engage%2:31:00:: | definition=consume all of one's attention or time | synonyms=absorb, engross, occupy
3. engage%2:41:01:: | definition=engage or hire for work | synonyms=hire, employ
4. engage%2:41:00:: | definition=ask to represent; of legal counsel
5. engage%2:32:00:: | definition=give to in marriage
6. engage%2:30:00:: | definition=get caught
7. engage%2:41:12:: | definition=carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns)
8. engage%2:40:01:: | definition=hire for work or assistance
9. engage%2:40:00:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract
10. engage%2:35:00:: | definition=keep engaged

Sense 1 fits perfectly: "carry out or participate in an activity", example "They engaged in a discussion", matches "engage in local benefit-seeking".

Sense 1 is the correct choice.
Index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in <t>local</t> benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "local" in context refers to "local benefits" - benefits that are specific to a particular district or constituency, as opposed to national policy. The context discusses Democratic legislators translating their power in Congress into "relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies." This is about benefits directed at a specific geographic area or district, as opposed to broader national benefits.

Sense 1: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area" - This fits well because the context contrasts "local benefits" with "national policy making," and it's about district-level benefits.

Sense 2: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood" - This is more about customs and characteristics of a place.

Sense 3: "affecting only a restricted part or area of the body" - This is medical, clearly not relevant.

Sense 1 is the best fit because it explicitly contrasts with a "larger area" (i.e., national), which matches the context's contrast between "local benefit-seeking" and "national policy making."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their <t>Republican</t> colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Republican" in the context: "...Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues."

The context clearly refers to the Republican Party (GOP), as it mentions "GOP senators," "Democratic legislators," and political parties in the United States. The word is capitalized as "Republican," which strongly suggests it refers to the Republican Party.

Sense 1: "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party" with examples "a Republican senator; Republican party politics" — this fits perfectly.

Sense 2: "having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote..." — this is a more general political science sense about republican forms of government, not about the Republican Party.

The correct sense is clearly 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: colleague
Target surface form: colleagues
Context:
Fifth, the theory may provide at least a partial reason for why ticket splitting has been particularly pronounced in the South. To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican <t>colleagues</t>. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=colleague%1:18:00:: | definition=an associate that one works with | synonyms=co-worker, fellow worker, workfellow
2. sense_key=colleague%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is member of one's class or profession | synonyms=confrere, fellow | examples=the surgeon consulted his colleagues; he sent e-mail to his fellow hackers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "colleagues" in the context of "Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues."
Here, "colleagues" refers to people in the same profession or class (legislators/congressmen).
Sense 1: an associate that one works with (co-worker, fellow worker, workfellow).
Sense 2: a person who is member of one's class or profession (confrere, fellow). Example: the surgeon consulted his colleagues.
Democratic legislators and Republican legislators are members of the same class or profession (legislators), rather than literal co-workers in the same workplace, although they do work together in Congress. However, WordNet sense 2 specifies "member of one's class or profession", which fits politicians/legislators perfectly. They belong to the same profession/class.
Let's look closely at the context. "Democratic legislators... than their Republican colleagues." They are members of the same profession (legislators). "confrere, fellow" fits this well.
Wait, they literally work with each other in Congress. But Sense 2 says "member of one's class or profession". In political texts, referring to members of the opposing party as "colleagues" usually aligns with being in the same profession.
Let's check WordNet sense 1 vs 2. Sense 1 is specifically "an associate that one works with" (co-worker). Sense 2 is "a person who is member of one's class or profession".
Members of Congress are often called colleagues because they are in the same profession.
Also, the example for Sense 2: "the surgeon consulted his colleagues" -> same profession.
"he sent e-mail to his fellow hackers" -> same class.
So sense 2 is the best fit.
Let's double check. If they are in Congress, they work together. But "class or profession" covers "legislators" well. The definition mentions "class or profession".
I'll output {"sense_index": 2}.

provider: Chutes


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: First
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. <t>First</t>, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%4:02:00:: | definition=before anything else | synonyms=firstly, foremost, first of all, first off | examples=first we must consider the garter snake
2. sense_key=first%4:02:02:: | definition=the initial time | synonyms=for the first time | examples=when Felix first saw a garter snake
3. sense_key=first%4:02:03:: | definition=before another in time, space, or importance | examples=I was here first; let's do this job first
4. sense_key=first%4:02:01:: | definition=prominently forward | synonyms=foremost | examples=he put his best foot foremost

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "First" used as a discourse marker introducing the first piece of evidence: "First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more..."

This is an adverbial usage meaning "before anything else" or "firstly" - used to enumerate points in an argument.

Sense 1: "before anything else" with synonyms "firstly, foremost, first of all, first off" and example "first we must consider the garter snake" - this matches the discourse marker usage perfectly.

Sense 2: "the initial time" - like "when Felix first saw a garter snake" - not matching.

Sense 3: "before another in time, space, or importance" with examples "I was here first; let's do this job first" - this is more about priority/sequence in actions.

Sense 4: "prominently forward" - not matching.

The discourse marker "First" introducing a list of points aligns best with sense 1, where "firstly" or "first of all" would be synonyms, and the example "first we must consider the garter snake" shows the same usage pattern.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: find
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo <t>find</t> that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "find" in the context: "economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do."

This means they discovered or determined this through research/study. Let me look at the candidate senses:

Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" with synonyms "determine, find out, ascertain" and examples "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"

Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" with synonyms "detect, observe, discover, notice" and examples "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint"

Sense 9: "make a discovery" with synonyms "discover" and examples "She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover"

The context is about economists who found (through their research/study) that GOP senators turn back more of their budgets. This seems to fit sense 4 best: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" because economists would establish this finding through research/study.

Sense 2 is more about detecting/observing something physical. Sense 9 is about making a discovery through investigation, which could also fit. But sense 4 specifically mentions "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" which is exactly what economists do in their research.

I'll go with sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated <t>personal</t> staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
Looking at the context, "personal staff budgets" refers to staff budgets allocated to individual legislators for their own use. The phrase "personal staff" denotes staff particular to each individual member of Congress, as distinguished from committee or leadership staff. This aligns with the sense meaning "particular to a given individual."

{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content:
The context discusses "personal staff budgets" - this refers to staff that is allocated to individual legislators for their own use in serving constituents. The phrase "personal staff" means staff belonging to or serving a particular person (the legislator).

Looking at the senses:
1. concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality - this is about private life
2. particular to a given individual - this could fit, as the staff is particular to each individual legislator
3. of or arising from personality - doesn't fit
4. intimately concerning a person's body or physical being - doesn't fit
5. indicating grammatical person - doesn't fit

The phrase "personal staff" refers to staff that is particular to a given individual legislator. This aligns best with sense 2, "particular to a given individual." The staff belongs to and serves the individual legislator specifically.

However, looking more carefully, sense 1 says "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality." The "personal staff" here are staff members who work for a particular person (the legislator). It's not about private life per se, but about being for a particular person.

Actually, "personal staff" in congressional context refers to staff who work directly for an individual member of Congress (as opposed to committee staff or leadership staff). This is about something belonging to or serving a particular individual.

Sense 2 "particular to a given individual" seems to fit best here - the staff budgets are particular to each individual legislator.

Let me reconsider. Sense 1 mentions "concerning or affecting a particular person" which could also apply. But the examples "a personal favor; for your personal use" suggest it's about things meant for a specific person's use.

In the context, "personal staff budgets" are budgets allocated to each individual legislator for their own staff. This is about something particular to a given individual.

Sense 2 seems most appropriate: "particular to a given individual."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: staff
Target surface form: staff
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal <t>staff</t> budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=staff%1:14:01:: | definition=personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions
2. sense_key=staff%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose | examples=he walked with the help of a wooden staff
3. sense_key=staff%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | synonyms=faculty | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university
4. sense_key=staff%1:27:00:: | definition=building material consisting of plaster and hair; used to cover external surfaces of temporary structure (as at an exposition) or for decoration
5. sense_key=staff%1:10:01:: | definition=a rod carried as a symbol
6. sense_key=staff%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written | synonyms=stave

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "staff" in the context "their allocated personal staff budgets."

This refers to personnel who assist legislators. Sense 1 is "personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task."

The context is about "personal staff budgets" for senators - referring to the staff (personnel) who work for them. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: budget
Target surface form: budgets
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff <t>budgets</t> than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=budget%1:21:02:: | definition=a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose | examples=the laboratory runs on a budget of a million a year
2. sense_key=budget%1:21:03:: | definition=a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them | examples=the president submitted the annual budget to Congress

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "budgets" in the context: "GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do."
Sense 1: a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose (example: the laboratory runs on a budget of a million a year)
Sense 2: a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them (example: the president submitted the annual budget to Congress)

In the context, "allocated personal staff budgets" refers to the sum of money allocated to senators for their personal staff. They are turning back (not spending) some of this allocated money.
Sense 1 fits perfectly because it refers to a sum of money allocated for a particular purpose (staff budgets).
Sense 2 refers to a summary of intended expenditures (like a government budget document). This does not fit the context of turning back allocated funds.

So sense 1 is the correct choice.
{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democrat
Target surface form: Democrats
Context:
To the extent that Democratic legislators from the South have held a disproportionate share of power in Congress since 1932 and have been able to translate such clout into relatively more local benefits for their respective constituencies, voters in the South have had an especially strong incentive to keep such Democrats in office. Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than <t>Democrats</t> do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democrat%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Democratic Party
2. sense_key=democrat%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context clearly refers to "Democrats" as members of the Democratic Party, specifically Democratic legislators in Congress, contrasted with Republicans. This matches sense 1: "a member of the Democratic Party."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the <t>extent</t> that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "extent" in the phrase "To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking..."

This means "to the degree that" or "insofar as." It refers to the point or degree to which something extends.

Sense 1: "the point or degree to which something extends" - examples: "the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law"
Sense 2: "the distance or area or volume over which something extends" - examples: "the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent"

The context uses "to the extent that" which is about the degree or point to which something is true. This matches sense 1.

Sense 2 is about physical distance, area, or volume, which doesn't fit here.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: primary
Target surface form: primary
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the <t>primary</t> duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=primary%3:00:00:: | definition=of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary | examples=primary goals; a primary effect
2. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:underived:00 | definition=not derived from or reducible to something else; basic | examples=a primary instinct
3. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:important:00 | definition=most important element | synonyms=chief, main, principal, master | examples=the chief aim of living; the main doors were of solid glass
4. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:basic:00 | definition=of or being the essential or basic part | synonyms=elementary, elemental | examples=an elementary need for love and nurturing
5. sense_key=primary%5:00:00:essential:00 | definition=of primary importance | synonyms=basal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking..."

Here, "primary" modifies "duty" and means the most important or chief duty.

Sense 1: "of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary" - examples: primary goals; a primary effect. This fits well as "primary duty" meaning the first rank or most important duty.

Sense 3: "most important element" - synonyms: chief, main, principal, master. This also fits well as "primary duty" = "chief duty" = "main duty".

Sense 5: "of primary importance" - synonyms: basal. This is close but "basal" seems more about basic/fundamental.

Between sense 1 and sense 3: Sense 1 includes "direct and immediate rather than secondary" which adds a nuance about being direct/primary vs secondary. Sense 3 is specifically "most important element" with synonyms chief, main, principal, master.

The phrase "primary duty" means the main, most important, or chief duty. Sense 3 seems to capture this best with synonyms like "chief," "main," "principal." However, sense 1's definition "of first rank or importance or value" also fits perfectly, and its examples "primary goals" is very similar to "primary duty."

Looking more carefully:

Sense 1: definition=of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary
Sense 3: definition=most important element; synonyms=chief, main, principal, master

"Primary duty" = the most important duty = chief duty. Sense 3 seems most appropriate because it specifically captures the "most important" aspect with synonyms that directly fit (chief, main, principal). Sense 1 adds "direct and immediate rather than secondary" which is a slightly different nuance.

But actually, sense 1's example "primary goals" is very close to "primary duty." And sense 1's definition "of first rank or importance or value" fits perfectly.

The question is which indexed sense is best. Let me consider the WordNet structure. In WordNet, "primary" as an adjective has several senses. The sense "of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary" (sense 1, with sense_key primary%3:00:00::) is the most common sense of "primary" meaning main/chief/principal.

Actually, looking at this more carefully, sense 3 has sense_key=primary%5:00:00:important:00, which suggests it's a different WordNet sense (satellite 5, headed by "important"). And sense 1 has sense_key=primary%3:00:00::, which is the primary adjective sense at position 3.

Wait, the sense keys indicate different WordNet synset structures. The %3 vs %5 indicates different part-of-speech or different synset heads.

In any case, "primary duty" meaning the main/most important duty is best captured by either sense 1 or sense 3.

Sense 1: "of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary" - This captures that the primary duty is the first-rank duty.

Sense 3: "most important element" with synonyms chief, main, principal, master - This captures that the primary duty is the chief/main duty.

I think sense 1 is the best fit because "primary" here means "of first rank or importance" as in "primary duty" - the duty that comes first in importance. The examples "primary goals; a primary effect" closely parallel "primary duty."

Actually, I need to reconsider. Sense 3's definition "most important element" and synonyms "chief, main, principal, master" - "primary duty" = "principal duty" = "chief duty" = "main duty." This seems very fitting.

But sense 1's definition "of first rank or importance or value" also means essentially the same thing.

I'll go with sense 1 because it's the most direct and general meaning of "primary" as "of first rank or importance," and the example "primary goals" is very close to "primary duty."

Wait, but looking at the indices again:

1. primary%3:00:00:: - of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary
2. primary%5:00:00:underived:00 - not derived from or reducible to something else; basic
3. primary%5:00:00:important:00 - most important element
4. primary%5:00:00:basic:00 - of or being the essential or basic part
5. primary%5:00:00:essential:00 - of primary importance

Sense 1 is the head synset (the %3:00:00:: indicates it's the first adjective sense). The context "primary duty" meaning the most important duty aligns with sense 1 "of first rank or importance or value."

I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: duty
Target surface form: duty
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary <t>duty</t> of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=duty%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=responsibility, obligation | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
2. sense_key=duty%1:04:02:: | definition=work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons | examples=the duties of the job
3. sense_key=duty%1:21:00:: | definition=a government tax on imports or exports | synonyms=tariff | examples=they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context discusses the "primary duty of personal staff" in relation to "local benefit-seeking" for constituents. This refers to the work or tasks that staff members are obliged to perform as part of their job. Sense 2 ("work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons") with the example "the duties of the job" fits best here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of <t>personal</t> staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "personal" in the phrase "personal staff budgets" and "personal staff".
In the context of legislative offices, "personal staff" refers to the staff that works directly for an individual legislator (as opposed to committee staff or leadership staff).
The phrase "personal staff budgets" means the budgets allocated to each individual legislator for their own staff.
Looking at the senses:
1. concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality (a personal favor)
2. particular to a given individual
3. of or arising from personality (personal magnetism)
4. intimately concerning a person's body or physical being (personal hygiene)
5. indicating grammatical person (personal verb endings)

Sense 2 is "particular to a given individual". In this context, "personal staff" is staff belonging to a particular individual (the legislator).
Wait, let's look at sense 1: "concerning or affecting a particular person". Does "personal staff" mean concerning the private life? Not really, it's staff for the official duties of a particular individual.
Sense 2: "particular to a given individual". This fits well. The staff is particular to the individual legislator.

Let's re-read the context: "allocated personal staff budgets".
Is it sense 1 or sense 2?
Sense 1: concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality
Sense 2: particular to a given individual

"Personal staff" in Congress means the staff employed by an individual member of Congress, as opposed to committee staff. So it is staff particular to that individual member.
Sense 2 seems most appropriate as it means "particular to a given individual" without the "private life" connotation of sense 1.
Wait, in WordNet 3.0:
personal%3:00:00:: concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality; "a personal favor"; "for your personal use"; "personal paper"; "personal information"
personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 particular to a given individual; "a matter of personal preference"

Wait, "personal staff" is staff for a particular person.
Could it be sense 1? "allocated personal staff budgets" -> budgets for a particular person's staff.
If we check "personal staff", it is the staff of a particular individual.
Sense 1 says "concerning or affecting a particular person". This could also apply.
Let's consider sense 2: "particular to a given individual".
Is there a better match?
Sense 1 includes "for your personal use", which parallels "personal staff budgets" (budgets for personal use/staff).
But sense 2 is "particular to a given individual".
I will guess sense 1. "concerning or affecting a particular person". The budget is for a particular person's staff.
Wait, "personal" in "personal staff" means belonging to a particular person.
Let's see the synonyms for Sense 1: personal (vs. impersonal)
Synonyms for Sense 2: subjective
"Personal staff" is not subjective. It is individual.
Let's search for "personal staff" in WordNet glosses or examples. Not present.
But "personal" in the sense of "belonging to a person" is usually Sense 1.
For example, "personal belongings" is Sense 1.
"personal staff" is similar to "personal belongings" (belonging to the person).
Therefore, Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: staff
Target surface form: staff
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal <t>staff</t> involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=staff%1:14:01:: | definition=personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions
2. sense_key=staff%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose | examples=he walked with the help of a wooden staff
3. sense_key=staff%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | synonyms=faculty | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university
4. sense_key=staff%1:27:00:: | definition=building material consisting of plaster and hair; used to cover external surfaces of temporary structure (as at an exposition) or for decoration
5. sense_key=staff%1:10:01:: | definition=a rod carried as a symbol
6. sense_key=staff%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written | synonyms=stave

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "staff" in the context of "personal staff" referring to the personnel who assist a legislator (senator/congressperson).
The context mentions "allocated personal staff budgets" and "primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit-seeking".
This refers to the personnel who assist their superior (the legislator) in carrying out assigned tasks.

Sense 1: "personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions"
This matches the context of congressional staff assisting the senator/legislator.

Sense 3 is "the body of teachers and administrators at a school".
Sense 2 is a rod or stick.
Sense 4 is building material.
Sense 5 is a rod carried as a symbol.
Sense 6 is musical staff.

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: involve
Target surface form: involves
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff <t>involves</t> local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=involve%2:42:01:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=affect, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
2. sense_key=involve%2:42:04:: | definition=engage as a participant | examples=Don't involve me in your family affairs!
3. sense_key=involve%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a necessary feature | synonyms=imply | examples=This decision involves many changes
4. sense_key=involve%2:42:07:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, take | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
5. sense_key=involve%2:42:02:: | definition=contain as a part | examples=Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses
6. sense_key=involve%2:31:00:: | definition=occupy or engage the interest of | examples=His story completely involved me during the entire afternoon
7. sense_key=involve%2:30:00:: | definition=make complex or intricate or complicated | examples=The situation was rather involved

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "involves" in the context: "To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns."

Let me analyze the context: The sentence is saying that the primary duty of personal staff has local benefit-seeking as a necessary feature or component. It means the duty includes/consists of local benefit-seeking.

Looking at the senses:
1. connect closely and often incriminatingly - doesn't fit
2. engage as a participant - doesn't fit well
3. have as a necessary feature - "This decision involves many changes" - could fit
4. require as useful, just, or proper - doesn't fit as well
5. contain as a part - "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses" - this could also fit

Between 3 and 5:
- Sense 3: "have as a necessary feature" - the primary duty of personal staff has local benefit-seeking as a necessary feature
- Sense 5: "contain as a part" - the primary duty of personal staff contains local benefit-seeking as a part

The context says "the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit-seeking" - this means the duty essentially consists of or includes local benefit-seeking as its main component.

Sense 5 "contain as a part" seems to fit well - the duty contains local benefit-seeking as a part. But actually, "the primary duty involves local benefit-seeking" suggests that local benefit-seeking IS the primary duty, not just a part of it.

Sense 3 "have as a necessary feature" - the primary duty has local benefit-seeking as a necessary feature. This seems closer.

Actually, let me reconsider. The sentence structure is "the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit-seeking." This means the duty includes or consists of local benefit-seeking.

Sense 5: "contain as a part" - "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses" - dinner contains six courses as a part. Similarly, the duty involves (contains as a part) local benefit-seeking.

Sense 3: "have as a necessary feature" - "This decision involves many changes" - the decision has many changes as a necessary feature. Similarly, the duty has local benefit-seeking as a necessary feature.

Both could work, but sense 5 seems slightly better because "involve" here means the duty consists of or includes local benefit-seeking as a component/activity. The example "Dinner at Joe's always involves at least six courses" is structurally similar - the subject is an activity (dinner/duty) and the object is what that activity includes (six courses/local benefit-seeking).

Actually, I think sense 5 is the best fit. "Contain as a part" - the primary duty of personal staff contains local benefit-seeking as a part.

Wait, but the sentence says "the primary duty... involves local benefit-seeking" - it's saying the duty IS about local benefit-seeking, not that it's just one part among many.

Let me reconsider sense 3: "have as a necessary feature" - the duty has local benefit-seeking as a necessary feature. This seems to fit well because it's saying local benefit-seeking is what the duty necessarily entails.

I'll go with sense 5 "contain as a part" because the structure matches well: an activity (dinner/duty) involves a component (courses/benefit-seeking).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Finally, the theory suggests why Republicans generally have fared better in Senate races than in campaigns for the House. Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves <t>local</t> benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "local" in the context of "local benefit-seeking" and "local authorities".
The context talks about "local benefit - seeking", "narrow constituent concerns", "administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area".
Sense 1: "relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area" (local taxes, local authorities). This matches "local benefit-seeking" which refers to seeking benefits for a specific constituency or district rather than the nation as a whole ("national policy making").
Sense 2: "of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood" (local customs, local schools). Less about administration.
Sense 3: "affecting only a restricted part or area of the body" (local anesthesia). Not relevant.

The context specifically contrasts "local benefit-seeking" with "national policy making". This contrast perfectly matches the definition of sense 1: "concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area" (i.e., rather than a national area). "Narrow constituent concerns" also maps well to city/town/district administration.

Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.