[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mechanical
Target surface form: mechanical
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and <t>mechanical</t> perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mechanical%3:00:00:: | definition=using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices | examples=a mechanical process; his smile was very mechanical
2. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or concerned with machinery or tools | synonyms=mechanically skillful | examples=mechanical arts; mechanical design
3. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics | examples=a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance; the mechanical pressure of a strong wind

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "mechanical" in the context: "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection."

The context describes the art of church bell ringing, which involves intricate ritual, mathematical completeness, and precision. The word "mechanical" here modifies "perfection."

Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=mechanical%3:00:00:: | definition=using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices | examples=a mechanical process; his smile was very mechanical
- This sense is about using mechanisms/tools/devices, or "as if using" them. This doesn't quite fit "mechanical perfection" in the context of ritual and mathematical completeness.

2. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or concerned with machinery or tools | synonyms=mechanically skillful | examples=mechanical arts; mechanical design
- This sense is about machinery or tools specifically. While bell ringing involves ropes and wheels, the context emphasizes "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" as an abstract quality of the ritual, not specifically about machinery.

3. sense_key=mechanical%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or governed by or in accordance with mechanics | examples=a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance; the mechanical pressure of a strong wind
- This sense relates to "mechanics" in the sense of physical laws/mechanics, or a systematic, rule-governed process. The example "a belief that the universe is a mechanical contrivance" suggests a systematic, deterministic, rule-governed quality. In the context of "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection," this sense fits best because it describes the precise, rule-governed, systematic nature of the bell ringing ritual - the "mechanics" of the process, the physical precision and systematic regularity.

The phrase "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" pairs "mechanical" with "mathematical," suggesting a sense of systematic, rule-governed precision rather than literally using machines. The description of the bell ringing as "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" and "mathematical completeness" supports sense 3, which is about being governed by or in accordance with mechanics (in the sense of systematic physical principles/laws).

So the best answer is sense_index3.

provider: DeepInfra


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: perfection
Target surface form: perfection
Context:
Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical <t>perfection</t>. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perfection%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being without a flaw or defect | synonyms=flawlessness, ne plus ultra
2. sense_key=perfection%1:09:00:: | definition=an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept | synonyms=paragon, idol, beau ideal
3. sense_key=perfection%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of making something perfect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The context describes "mechanical perfection" in the context of bell ringing, where the activity is described as finding satisfaction in "mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection." This refers to the state of being without flaw or defect - the ringing is performed "faultlessly." The sense here is about the state of being flawless, not an ideal instance of a concept, nor the act of making something perfect.

Sense 1: "the state of being without a flaw or defect" - fits "mechanical perfection" as the state of the performance being flawless.
Sense 2: "an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept" - this would be more like calling someone "a perfection" meaning a paragon.
Sense 3: "the act of making something perfect" - this is about the process of perfecting, not the state.

The context talks about "mechanical perfection" and "intricate ritual faultlessly performed," which aligns with sense 1 - the state of being without a flaw or defect.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Novita

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: Ringers
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "<t>Ringers</t>, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about people who ring church bells. "the ringers stare straight ahead," "Skilled ringers use their wrists," "female ringers." This matches sense 1: a person who rings church bells.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: add
Target surface form: added
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she <t>added</t>, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=add%2:30:00:: | definition=make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of | examples=We added two students to that dorm room; She added a personal note to her letter
2. sense_key=add%2:32:01:: | definition=state or say further | synonyms=append, supply | examples=`It doesn't matter,' he supplied
3. sense_key=add%2:40:00:: | definition=bestow a quality on | synonyms=lend, impart, bestow, contribute, bring | examples=Her presence lends a certain cachet to the company; The music added a lot to the play
4. sense_key=add%2:31:00:: | definition=make an addition by combining numbers | synonyms=add together | examples=Add 27 and 49, please!
5. sense_key=add%2:32:00:: | definition=determine the sum of | synonyms=total, tot, tot up, sum, sum up, summate | examples=Add all the people in this town to those of the neighboring town
6. sense_key=add%2:42:00:: | definition=constitute an addition | examples=This paper will add to her reputation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "added" in the context: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"

Here, "she added" means she said something further, she appended a comment. This is a speech act where the author is providing an additional statement.

Sense 2: "state or say further" with synonyms "append, supply" and example "`It doesn't matter,' he supplied" fits perfectly. "She added" here means she said further.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: filled
Target surface form: filled
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "<t>filled</t> with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=filled%5:00:01:full:00 | definition=(usually followed by `with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with | examples=theirs was a house filled with laughter; a large hall filled with rows of desks
2. sense_key=filled%3:44:00:: | definition=of purchase orders that have been filled
3. sense_key=filled%5:00:00:occupied:00 | definition=(of time) taken up | examples=well-filled hours

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "filled" in the context: "Ringers, she added, are 'filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed.'"

Sense 1: "(usually followed by `with' or used as a combining form) generously supplied with" - examples: "theirs was a house filled with laughter; a large hall filled with rows of desks"
Sense 2: "of purchase orders that have been filled"
Sense 3: "(of time) taken up" - examples: "well-filled hours"

In the context, "filled with the solemn intoxication" means the ringers are generously supplied with or experiencing solemn intoxication. This matches sense 1, which is followed by "with" and means "generously supplied with."

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: solemn
Target surface form: solemn
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the <t>solemn</t> intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=solemn%5:00:00:serious:00 | definition=dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises | synonyms=grave, sedate, sober | examples=a grave God-fearing man; a quiet sedate nature
2. sense_key=solemn%5:00:01:serious:00 | definition=characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions | synonyms=earnest, sincere | examples=both sides were deeply in earnest, even passionate; an entirely sincere and cruel tyrant

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes "solemn intoxication" in relation to intricate ritual faultlessly performed in church bell ringing. The phrase "solemn intoxication" is interesting - it's describing the feeling ringers get from performing intricate ritual perfectly.

Sense 1: dignified and somber in manner or character, committed to keeping promises. Synonyms: grave, sedate, sober.
Sense 2: characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions. Synonyms: earnest, sincere.

The context is about the feeling ringers get from intricate ritual faultlessly performed. "Solemn intoxication" suggests something serious, earnest, dignified - not humorless belief in opinions. The description is about being absorbed in a ritual with mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. This seems more aligned with sense 1's "dignified and somber in manner or character" - the solemn intoxication is a serious, dignified, sober kind of feeling.

But sense 2 is about earnest/sincere belief in opinions - that doesn't fit well here.

Sense 1 with its "dignified and somber" fits better. The "solemn intoxication" is a dignified, sober, grave kind of intoxication that comes from performing intricate ritual perfectly. The word "solemn" here is being used to modify "intoxication" in an oxymoronic way - intoxication that is dignified, sober, grave rather than wild or frivolous.

So sense 1 is the better fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: come
Target surface form: comes
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that <t>comes</t> of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=come%2:38:00:: | definition=move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody | synonyms=come up | examples=He came singing down the road; Come with me to the Casbah
2. sense_key=come%2:38:04:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, get | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
3. sense_key=come%2:30:01:: | definition=come to pass; arrive, as in due course | examples=The first success came three days later; It came as a shock
4. sense_key=come%2:30:03:: | definition=reach or enter a state, relation, condition, use, or position | examples=The water came to a boil; We came to understand the true meaning of life
5. sense_key=come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
6. sense_key=come%2:30:02:: | definition=be found or available | examples=These shoes come in three colors; The furniture comes unassembled
7. sense_key=come%2:42:13:: | definition=come forth | synonyms=issue forth | examples=A scream came from the woman's mouth; His breath came hard
8. sense_key=come%2:42:09:: | definition=be a native of | synonyms=hail | examples=She hails from Kalamazoo
9. sense_key=come%2:42:03:: | definition=extend or reach | examples=The water came up to my waist; The sleeves come to your knuckles
10. sense_key=come%2:42:05:: | definition=exist or occur in a certain point in a series | examples=Next came the student from France
11. sense_key=come%2:38:03:: | definition=cover a certain distance | examples=She came a long way
12. sense_key=come%2:42:00:: | definition=come under, be classified or included | synonyms=fall | examples=fall into a category; This comes under a new heading
13. sense_key=come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this
14. sense_key=come%2:42:12:: | definition=add up in number or quantity | synonyms=total, number, add up, amount | examples=The bills amounted to $2,000; The bill came to $2,000
15. sense_key=come%2:42:11:: | definition=develop into | synonyms=add up, amount | examples=This idea will never amount to anything; nothing came of his grandiose plans
16. sense_key=come%2:38:02:: | definition=be received | synonyms=come in | examples=News came in of the massacre in Rwanda
17. sense_key=come%2:31:14:: | definition=come to one's mind; suggest itself | synonyms=occur | examples=It occurred to me that we should hire another secretary; A great idea then came to her
18. sense_key=come%2:42:15:: | definition=come from; be connected by a relationship of blood, for example | synonyms=derive, descend | examples=She was descended from an old Italian noble family; he comes from humble origins
19. sense_key=come%2:42:02:: | definition=proceed or get along | synonyms=do, fare, make out, get along | examples=How is she doing in her new job?; How are you making out in graduate school?
20. sense_key=come%2:39:00:: | definition=experience orgasm | examples=she could not come because she was too upset
21. sense_key=come%2:31:13:: | definition=have a certain priority | examples=My family comes first

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."

The phrase is "comes of" meaning "happen as a result" or "to be the product or result".

Sense 5: come%2:42:04:: | definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience

Sense 13: come%2:30:13:: | definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this

Let's look closer.
"comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed"
This implies that the intoxication is a result/product of the ritual.
Sense 5 uses "come from".
Sense 13 uses "come of".

"comes of" matches the syntactic pattern in sense 13 ("Nothing good will come of this") and sense 15 ("nothing came of his grandiose plans").
Sense 13: definition=happen as a result. Examples: Nothing good will come of this.
Sense 5: definition=to be the product or result. Examples: Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience.

Let's evaluate "comes of".
In "comes of intricate ritual", the intoxication is the result of the ritual.
Sense 5: "to be the product or result" fits the semantics of being derived from or produced by something.
Wait, "comes of" vs "comes from". Sense 13 specifically has "Nothing good will come of this". Sense 15 has "nothing came of his grandiose plans".
But wait, "intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed" means intoxication is a result of the ritual.
Sense 13 is "happen as a result". But intoxication is a state or feeling. Does it "happen"?
Sense 5 is "to be the product or result". "Understanding comes from experience". Intoxication comes from/of the ritual.

Is it Sense 5 or 13?
Let's check the syntax: "comes of" -> Sense 13, Sense 15.
Sense 5 has "come from". But "comes of" is in the text. Does the text use "comes of" or "comes from"?
"that comes of intricate ritual"

Wait, let's look at the WordNet definition for "come%2:30:13::" - happen as a result
Sense 5 "come%2:42:04::" - to be the product or result; "Understanding comes from experience"
Sense 15 "come%2:42:11::" - develop into; "nothing came of his grandiose plans"

Actually, "come of" often means "result from". Both 5 and 13 cover this.
Sense 13 is "happen as a result" (e.g., Nothing good will come of this).
Sense 5 is "to be the product or result" (e.g., Understanding comes from experience).

"the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual"
Intoxication is a state. "Understanding comes from experience" matches this well because understanding and intoxication are states. "Nothing good will come of this" is about an event.
However, "comes of" aligns with sense 13 or 15. But "comes from" aligns with 5. Wait, is there a difference between "come of" and "come from" in WordNet?
Wait, "come of" is listed in some dictionaries as a phrasal verb meaning "result from". WordNet often conflates them.
Let's check sense 13's examples: "Nothing good will come of this"
Sense 15's examples: "nothing came of his grandiose plans"

Could it be Sense 5? "Melons come from a vine" (physical origin), "Understanding comes from experience" (abstract result).
Could it be Sense 13? "happen as a result".

Let's consider the meaning of "come of" in "comes of intricate ritual".
"Intoxication that comes of intricate ritual" = intoxication that is produced by / results from intricate ritual.
Sense 5: "to be the product or result"
Sense 13: "happen as a result"

I will choose Sense 5 because "intoxication" is a product or result (as in "understanding comes from experience"), whereas "happen as a result" (Sense 13) typically applies to events ("Nothing good will come of this"). Also, Sense 5's definition "to be the product or result" fits "intoxication" being the product of the ritual perfectly.

Let's re-read the two definitions.
Sense 5: definition=to be the product or result | synonyms=follow | examples=Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience
Sense 13: definition=happen as a result | examples=Nothing good will come of this

"comes of" is syntactically identical to 13, but semantically, "intoxication" is a state or abstract entity that is a product, like "understanding".
Wait! "Understanding comes from experience" vs "intoxication that comes of intricate ritual".
If "comes of" is used instead of "comes from", maybe it's because of Sense 13?
Actually, "come of" and "come from" are often synonymous in "result from". WordNet 3.0 separates "come of" into 2:30:13 (happen as a result).
Is there a sense for "come of" that means "to be the product or result"?
Sense 15 is "develop into", "nothing came of his grandiose plans". This is different.

If Sense 13 specifically uses "come of" in its example, and Sense 5 uses "come from", then Sense 13 is a stronger candidate for the syntactic match.
Wait, let's look at "happen as a result". Does "intoxication" happen?
"the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed" -> the intoxication arises from / is produced by the ritual.
I will choose 5 because of "Understanding comes from experience". "Understanding" is a state, like "intoxication".

Let's rethink: If I search for "come of" in WordNet, does it point to 2:30:13?
Yes, "come of" is often mapped to "happen as a result".
Wait, let's look at the examples for Sense 13: "Nothing good will come of this". This is definitely the idiom "come of".
Sense 5: "Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience". This is "come from".
Since the text is "comes of", it shares the idiom "come of" with Sense 13. But semantically, "intoxication" is not an event. "The first success came three days later" is an event. "It came as a shock" is an event.
Wait, Sense 3 is "come to pass; arrive, as in due course". "The first success came three days later".
Sense 13 is "happen as a result". "Nothing good will come of this".

What if the sentence is: "the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."
Is it 5? "Understanding comes from experience" -> "to be the product or result".
If WordNet distinguishes "come from" (product/result) and "come of" (happen as a result), maybe I should follow the syntax. But "come of" is just an alternation of "come from" in older or British English. "comes of intricate ritual" means "comes from intricate ritual". Sayers was an English novelist, and this might be a British usage or just older usage of "come of" meaning "result from".
If it means "result from", is it 5 or 13?
"to be the product or result" (5) fits "intoxication" better than "happen as a result" (13), since "intoxication" is a state, not an event that "happens". "Understanding" in Sense 5 is a perfect parallel.
I will choose 5.

Let me double check Sense 13. "happen as a result". Does intoxication happen? "What came of the meeting?" -> "Nothing came of it". This is Sense 13 or 15.
"comes of intricate ritual" -> is the result of intricate ritual.
I'll go with 5, as "Understanding comes from experience" is very close to "intoxication comes of intricate ritual" in meaning. Both are abstract states resulting from an experience or process.
Wait, what if the answer is 13? Let's consider the phrase "come of".
In WordNet, "come of" is a distinct phrasal verb in some dictionaries, meaning "to result from".
If Sense 13 says "happen as a result" and has "Nothing good will come of this", maybe the sense is explicitly for the idiom "come of".
But let's look at Sense 5's definition: "to be the product or result".
Is there a sense for "come of" meaning "to be the product or result"? No, Sense 5 uses "come from".
Actually, in WordNet 3.0:
come%2:30:13:: happen as a result; "Nothing good will come of this"
Is "intoxication" a result that "happens"? No, "intoxication" is a state.
Let's check if there's a sense 5 vs 13 distinction in WordNet.
Sense 5: "to be the product or result" - "Melons come from a vine; Understanding comes from experience"
Sense 13: "happen as a result" - "Nothing good will come of this"

I will choose 5, because "Understanding comes from experience" matches "intoxication that comes of intricate ritual" in terms of semantic properties (both are abstract states resulting from an activity). The use of "of" instead of "from" is just stylistic variation.

provider: Cloudflare


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ritual
Target surface form: ritual
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate <t>ritual</t> faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ritual%1:04:00:: | definition=any customary observance or practice | synonyms=rite
2. sense_key=ritual%1:04:01:: | definition=the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies
3. sense_key=ritual%1:04:02:: | definition=stereotyped behavior

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes bell ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection" and "the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."

This refers to the prescribed, customary practice of bell ringing - a customary observance or practice. It's not strictly a religious ceremony (sense 2), though it happens in a church. It's more about the customary, ritualistic practice of bell ringing.

Sense 1: "any customary observance or practice" - fits well as bell ringing is a customary practice/observance.
Sense 2: "the prescribed procedure for conducting religious ceremonies" - this is more about religious ceremonies specifically.
Sense 3: "stereotyped behavior" - this doesn't fit well.

The word "ritual" here refers to the customary, intricate practice of bell ringing - a customary observance or practice. It's described as "intricate ritual faultlessly performed," which aligns with sense 1 - any customary observance or practice.

Actually, let me reconsider. Bell ringing in churches could be seen as a religious ceremony procedure (sense 2), but the text emphasizes the mathematical and mechanical aspects rather than religious ones. The "ritual" here seems to be about the customary practice/observance of bell ringing as an art form.

Sense 1 seems most appropriate: "any customary observance or practice."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: perform
Target surface form: performed
Context:
No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly <t>performed</t>. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=perform%2:36:00:: | definition=carry out or perform an action | synonyms=execute, do | examples=John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters; the skater executed a triple pirouette
2. sense_key=perform%2:41:02:: | definition=perform a function | examples=Who will perform the wedding?
3. sense_key=perform%2:36:01:: | definition=give a performance (of something) | examples=Horowitz is performing at Carnegie Hall tonight; We performed a popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera
4. sense_key=perform%2:41:00:: | definition=get (something) done | synonyms=do | examples=I did my job

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about church bell ringing being described as "intricate ritual faultlessly performed." The ritual is being carried out/executed by the ringers. This is about performing a ritual action, carrying out an action.

Sense 1: carry out or perform an action - synonyms execute, do - examples "John did the painting..." "the skater executed a triple pirouette"

Sense 3: give a performance (of something) - examples "Horowitz is performing at Carnegie Hall tonight" - this is about performing in front of an audience, like a concert.

The ritual being "performed" here is about carrying out the intricate ritual of bell ringing. It's not exactly a performance for an audience (though bell ringing can be heard). The word "ritual" suggests a ceremonial action being carried out.

Sense 1 seems most appropriate - "carry out or perform an action" with the synonym "execute" fitting well with "intricate ritual faultlessly performed" - the ritual is being executed/carried out.

Sense 3 is about giving a performance like a concert, which doesn't quite fit as well here since the ritual is being carried out by the ringers for their own satisfaction ("solemn intoxication"), not as a performance for an audience.

I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: become
Target surface form: become
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does <t>become</t> a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=become%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=go, get | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
2. sense_key=become%2:42:01:: | definition=undergo a change or development | synonyms=turn | examples=The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy
3. sense_key=become%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence | examples=What becomes has duration
4. sense_key=become%2:42:03:: | definition=enhance the appearance of | synonyms=suit | examples=Mourning becomes Electra; This behavior doesn't suit you!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "become" in the sentence: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden.

Here, "become" means to enter or assume a certain state or condition. Ringing becomes an obsession - it enters the state of being an obsession.

Sense 1: "enter or assume a certain state or condition" with synonyms "go, get" and examples like "He became annoyed when he heard the bad news." This fits well - ringing assumes the state/condition of being an obsession.

Sense 2: "undergo a change or development" with synonym "turn" and examples like "The water turned into ice; Her former friend became her worst enemy." This could also fit, but it's more about transformation from one thing to another.

Sense 3: "come into existence" - doesn't fit.

Sense 4: "enhance the appearance of" - doesn't fit.

Between sense 1 and sense 2: "become a bit of an obsession" is about assuming a state or condition (being an obsession). It's similar to "He became annoyed" - assuming the state of being annoyed. The phrase "a bit of an obsession" describes a state/condition that ringing assumes.

Sense 1 seems like the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obsession
Target surface form: obsession
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an <t>obsession</t>, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obsession%1:16:00:: | definition=an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will | synonyms=compulsion | examples=her compulsion to wash her hands repeatedly
2. sense_key=obsession%1:09:00:: | definition=an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone | synonyms=fixation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes how bell ringing becomes "a bit of an obsession" for ringers. It's described as a "passion" that finds satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. The ringers are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed."

Sense 1: "an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions, even against your will" - this is more about OCD-like compulsions (e.g., hand washing).

Sense 2: "an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone" - this is about being fixated on something, which fits the context of bell ringing being a passion/fixation for these ringers.

The context clearly aligns with sense 2 - it's a preoccupation with bell ringing, a passion that becomes an obsession. It's not about repetitive actions performed against one's will.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: admit
Target surface form: admits
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "<t>admits</t> Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=admit%2:32:00:: | definition=declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of | synonyms=acknowledge | examples=He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten
2. sense_key=admit%2:41:01:: | definition=allow to enter; grant entry to | synonyms=allow in, let in, intromit | examples=We cannot admit non-members into our club building; This pipe admits air
3. sense_key=admit%2:41:00:: | definition=allow participation in or the right to be part of; permit to exercise the rights, functions, and responsibilities of | synonyms=let in, include | examples=admit someone to the profession; She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar
4. sense_key=admit%2:40:00:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, take, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
5. sense_key=admit%2:42:06:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=allow | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
6. sense_key=admit%2:42:00:: | definition=give access or entrance to | examples=The French doors admit onto the yard
7. sense_key=admit%2:42:04:: | definition=have room for; hold without crowding | synonyms=accommodate, hold | examples=This hotel can accommodate 250 guests; The theater admits 300 people
8. sense_key=admit%2:42:03:: | definition=serve as a means of entrance | examples=This ticket will admit one adult to the show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "admits" in the context: "Ringing does become a bit of an obsession," admits Stephanie Pattenden...

Here, Stephanie Pattenden is acknowledging or declaring something to be true. She is admitting that ringing becomes a bit of an obsession. This is the sense of "declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of."

Sense 1: declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of | synonyms=acknowledge | examples=He admitted his errors; She acknowledged that she might have forgotten

This is clearly the correct sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: master
Target surface form: master
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, <t>master</t> of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=master%1:18:00:: | definition=an artist of consummate skill | synonyms=maestro | examples=a master of the violin; one of the old masters
2. sense_key=master%1:18:04:: | definition=a person who has general authority over others | synonyms=overlord, lord
3. sense_key=master%1:18:01:: | definition=a combatant who is able to defeat rivals | synonyms=victor, superior
4. sense_key=master%1:18:03:: | definition=directs the work of others
5. sense_key=master%1:18:06:: | definition=presiding officer of a school | synonyms=headmaster, schoolmaster
6. sense_key=master%1:06:00:: | definition=an original creation (i.e., an audio recording) from which copies can be made | synonyms=master copy, original
7. sense_key=master%1:18:07:: | definition=an officer who is licensed to command a merchant ship | synonyms=captain, sea captain, skipper
8. sense_key=master%1:18:05:: | definition=someone who holds a master's degree from academic institution
9. sense_key=master%1:18:02:: | definition=an authority qualified to teach apprentices | synonyms=professional
10. sense_key=master%1:06:01:: | definition=key that secures entrance everywhere | synonyms=passkey, passe-partout, master key

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about Stephanie Pattenden, who is the "master" of the band at St. Mary Abbot. The band here refers to a bell-ringing band (a group of church bell ringers). The "master of the band" is the person who leads or directs the group of bell ringers.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. master%1:18:00:: - an artist of consummate skill (maestro) - this is about artistic mastery, like a master of violin
2. master%1:18:04:: - a person who has general authority over others (overlord, lord) - this is about authority over others
3. master%1:18:01:: - a combatant who is able to defeat rivals (victor, superior) - not relevant
4. master%1:18:03:: - directs the work of others - this could fit, as the master of a bell-ringing band directs the other ringers
5. master%1:18:06:: - presiding officer of a school (headmaster, schoolmaster) - not relevant
6. master%1:06:00:: - an original creation - not relevant
7. master%1:18:07:: - an officer licensed to command a merchant ship - not relevant
8. master%1:18:05:: - someone who holds a master's degree - not relevant
9. master%1:18:02:: - an authority qualified to teach apprentices (professional) - could be relevant but not the best fit
10. master%1:06:01:: - key that secures entrance everywhere - not relevant

The "master of the band" in bell-ringing context is the person who leads, organizes, and directs the band of ringers. This is similar to sense 2 (a person who has general authority over others) or sense 4 (directs the work of others).

In bell-ringing terminology, the "master" of a band is the person who is in charge - they organize practices, lead the ringing, and have authority over the band's activities. This is most closely aligned with sense 2 (a person who has general authority over others) or sense 4 (directs the work of others).

Sense 2 says "a person who has general authority over others" with synonyms "overlord, lord." This seems a bit too hierarchical/feudal.

Sense 4 says "directs the work of others" which seems more appropriate for someone who leads a bell-ringing band - they direct the activities of the other ringers.

I think sense 4 is the best fit. The master of the band directs the work of the other ringers.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: best
Target surface form: best
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's <t>best</t> female ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
2. sense_key=best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
3. sense_key=good%3:00:01:: | definition=having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified | synonyms=good | examples=good news from the hospital; a good report card
4. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=full, good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
5. sense_key=good%3:00:02:: | definition=morally admirable | synonyms=good
6. sense_key=estimable%5:00:00:reputable:00 | definition=deserving of esteem and respect | synonyms=estimable, good, honorable, respectable | examples=all respectable companies give guarantees; ruined the family's good name
7. sense_key=beneficial%5:00:00:advantageous:00 | definition=promoting or enhancing well-being | synonyms=beneficial, good | examples=an arms limitation agreement beneficial to all countries; the beneficial effects of a temperate climate
8. sense_key=good%5:00:00:nice:00 | definition=agreeable or pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=we all had a good time; good manners
9. sense_key=good%5:00:00:righteous:00 | definition=of moral excellence | synonyms=good, just, upright | examples=a genuinely good person; a just cause
10. sense_key=adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler
11. sense_key=good%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=thorough | synonyms=good | examples=had a good workout; gave the house a good cleaning
12. sense_key=dear%5:00:00:close:02 | definition=with or in a close or intimate relationship | synonyms=dear, good, near | examples=a good friend; my sisters and brothers are near and dear
13. sense_key=dependable%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially sound | synonyms=dependable, good, safe, secure | examples=a good investment; a secure investment
14. sense_key=good%5:00:00:opportune:00 | definition=most suitable or right for a particular purpose | synonyms=good, right, ripe | examples=a good time to plant tomatoes; the right time to act
15. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fortunate:00 | definition=resulting favorably | synonyms=good, well | examples=it's a good thing that I wasn't there; it is good that you stayed
16. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=effective, good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
17. sense_key=good%5:00:00:pleasing:00 | definition=capable of pleasing | synonyms=good | examples=good looks
18. sense_key=good%5:00:00:intellectual:00 | definition=appealing to the mind | synonyms=good, serious | examples=good music; a serious book
19. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthy:00 | definition=in excellent physical condition | synonyms=good, sound | examples=good teeth; I still have one good leg
20. sense_key=good%5:00:00:healthful:00 | definition=tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health | synonyms=good, salutary | examples=beneficial effects of a balanced diet; a good night's sleep
21. sense_key=good%5:00:00:genuine:00 | definition=not forged | synonyms=good, honest | examples=a good dollar bill
22. sense_key=good%5:00:00:fresh:01 | definition=not left to spoil | synonyms=good, undecomposed, unspoiled, unspoilt | examples=the meat is still good
23. sense_key=good%5:00:00:discriminating:00 | definition=generally admired | synonyms=good | examples=good taste

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "best" in the context "one of England's best female ringers."
"best" is the superlative form of "good".
The context says "one of England's best female ringers".
"best" here describes the skill level of the ringers. She is one of the "best" female ringers.
Wait, the candidate senses are:
1. best%3:00:00:: | definition=(superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities | examples=the best film of the year; the best solution
2. best%5:00:00:advisable:00 | definition=(comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable | synonyms=better | examples=it would be better to speak to him; the White House thought it best not to respond
10. adept%5:00:00:skilled:00 | definition=having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude | synonyms=adept, expert, good, practiced, proficient, skillful | examples=adept in handicrafts; an adept juggler

"best" is the superlative of "good". Does sense 1 fit? "having the most positive qualities". "best film of the year", "best solution".
Does sense 10 fit? Sense 10 is for "good", meaning "having or showing knowledge and skill". The context says "best female ringers", meaning highly skilled. However, "best" is morphologically derived from "good", so WordNet maps "best" to sense 1 (superlative of good) and sense 2 (superlative/adjective of well).
Wait, in WordNet, "best" as an adjective has senses:
- best%3:00:00:: (superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities
- best%5:00:00:advisable:00 (comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable

Sense 1 is the direct superlative of good. "having the most positive qualities".
In WordNet, "best" in "the best students" or "best ringers" would probably be mapped to best%3:00:00::, because it's the superlative of "good", which encompasses being skillful. If it were "good" in "good ringer", it would be adept%5:00:00:skilled:00. But "best" as a derived form is mapped to "best" senses.
Let's check the candidate senses provided. Sense 1 is "best" sense 1. Sense 2 is "best" sense 2. The rest are "good" senses (or other adjectives).
Since the lemma is "best", WordNet's derived forms link "best" to "best" entries. If the target lemma is explicitly "best", the correct sense from the list must be either Sense 1 or Sense 2, because WordNet specifically lists these for the word "best".
Sense 1: (superlative of `good') having the most positive qualities.
Sense 2: (comparative and superlative of `well') wiser or more advantageous and hence advisable.

In the context "best female ringers", it means she is among the most highly skilled female ringers. This aligns with Sense 1, as "best" is the superlative of "good" (and "good" can mean skilled). Sense 2 means "advisable", which doesn't fit.

Therefore, the best indexed sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: female
Target surface form: female
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best <t>female</t> ringers. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=female%3:00:00:: | definition=being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop | examples=a female heir; female holly trees bear the berries
2. sense_key=female%5:00:02:feminine:01 | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to a woman | synonyms=distaff | examples=female sensitiveness; female suffrage
3. sense_key=female%5:00:01:female:00 | definition=for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls | examples=the female lead in the play; a female chorus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "female" in the context: "Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female ringers."
The context is about a specific person, Stephanie Pattenden, who is a woman. She is described as one of England's best "female" ringers.
Here, "female" is used to denote the sex of the ringer, meaning she is a woman (female ringer).
Let's look at the senses:
1. female%3:00:00:: - being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop. Example: a female heir.
2. female%5:00:02:feminine:01 - characteristic of or peculiar to a woman. Example: female sensitiveness.
3. female%5:00:01:female:00 - for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls. Example: the female lead in the play.

Wait, is it sense 1 (adjective: being the sex) or sense 3 (adjective: for or composed of women or girls)?
"a female heir" (sense 1) refers to a person who is female.
"the female lead in the play" (sense 3) refers to a role played by a woman, or a woman who is the lead.
Actually, "female ringer" here refers to a ringer who is female (a woman).
Sense 1 applies to "a female heir" meaning a person of the female sex.
Sense 3 applies to "a female chorus" or "the female lead", which means composed of women or girls.

Let's check the synonyms and definitions.
Sense 1: "being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop"
Sense 3: "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls"

Is "female ringer" referring to the sex (Sense 1) or is it pertaining to women (Sense 3)?
"one of England's best female ringers" means "one of England's best ringers who is female".
"a female heir" - sense 1. A female heir is an heir who is of the female sex.
Could it be sense 1? Yes, "female" modifying a human noun usually falls under sense 1 (being the sex... of animal). In WordNet, "female heir" is the example for the biological sex sense. "female ringer" is analogous to "female heir".
Wait, another example for Sense 1: "a female heir".
Sense 3 example: "the female lead in the play".
Is "female lead" composed of women? No, it's a single woman. Wait, the definition says "for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls".
Usually, if "female" modifies a person (heir, ringer), it means the person is of the female sex. So Sense 1 is more appropriate.
Let me double-check if WordNet has any other senses.
female%3:00:00:: (adjective satellite) being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop; "female heir"; "female holly trees bear the berries"
female%5:00:01:female:00 (adjective) for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls; "the female lead in the play"; "a female chorus"
female%5:00:02:feminine:01 (adjective) characteristic of or peculiar to a woman; "female sensitiveness"; "female suffrage"

Since "female ringer" means a ringer who is female (biological sex / woman), and "female heir" is in Sense 1, Sense 1 seems to fit best for a person being female.
However, some might argue that "female ringers" means "ringers who are women", and maybe that falls under Sense 3? "pertaining to women".
But Sense 1 definition explicitly includes animals (humans are animals) and plants. "female heir" is a human. "female ringer" is a human. Thus, it is exactly "being the sex... which offspring develop".
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change. In a well-known detective-story involving church bells, English novelist Dorothy L. Sayers described ringing as a "passion that finds its satisfaction in mathematical completeness and mechanical perfection. "Ringers, she added, are "filled with the solemn intoxication that comes of intricate ritual faultlessly performed. ""Ringing does become a bit of an obsession, "admits Stephanie Pattenden, master of the band at St. Mary Abbot and one of England's best female <t>ringers</t>. It is a passion that usually stays in the tower, however.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about people who ring church bells. The text mentions "belfry," "huge bronze bells," "mounted on wheels," "rope-sight," "ringing," "church bells," and "tower." This clearly refers to people who ring church bells.

Sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" - synonyms: toller, bell ringer. This matches the context perfectly.

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