[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: devote
Target surface form: devote
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise <t>devote</t> to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=devote%2:32:00:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=give, dedicate, consecrate, commit | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
2. sense_key=devote%2:31:00:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=give, pay | examples=give thought to; give priority to
3. sense_key=devote%2:40:00:: | definition=set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use | examples=this land was devoted to mining

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "devote" in the context: "...takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."

Let's analyze the senses:
1. sense_key=devote%2:32:00:: | definition=give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause | synonyms=give, dedicate, consecrate, commit | examples=She committed herself to the work of God; give one's talents to a good cause
2. sense_key=devote%2:31:00:: | definition=dedicate | synonyms=give, pay | examples=give thought to; give priority to
3. sense_key=devote%2:40:00:: | definition=set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use | examples=this land was devoted to mining

In the context, the sentence is "takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking." This means allocating time to an activity.
Sense 1: "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause". Applies, but maybe a bit strong for "time".
Sense 2: "dedicate" with examples "give thought to", "give priority to". In the text, it's "devote time to".
Sense 3: "set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use", e.g., "this land was devoted to mining". Devoting time to a purpose fits well with "set apart for a specific purpose". Wait, but sense 2 has "give priority to", "give thought to". "devote time to" is very similar to allocating or setting aside time. Actually, WordNet 3.0:
devote%2:40:00:: "set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use; 'this land was devoted to mining'"
devote%2:32:00:: "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause; 'She committed herself to the work of God'; 'give one's talents to a good cause'; 'donate one's time to the foundation'" (wait, my prompt doesn't have 'donate one's time').
Let's see the exact context: "takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."
Devoting time to an activity is very similar to dedicating it, setting it apart for a purpose.
If we look at Sense 1: "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause", "give one's talents to a good cause". Devoting time to a cause fits this.
Let's look at the examples. Sense 1 talks about giving entirely to a cause or activity. Devoting time to local benefit-seeking fits "give entirely to a specific activity".
But wait! Sense 3: "set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use". Time can be set aside for a specific purpose.
Actually, "devote time to" is standard.
Let's reconsider WordNet 3.0 senses for "devote":
1. devote%2:42:00:: (give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause)
Wait, 2:32:00 is usually "give entirely...". Let me check standard WN mappings.
Sense 1: give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause
Sense 3: set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use

In the text, "time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit-seeking".
"devote time to" means to allocate or dedicate time to something.
Is it Sense 1 or 3?
Sense 1 emphasizes giving entirely (e.g., commit oneself, give one's talents).
Sense 3 emphasizes setting aside for a specific purpose (e.g., land devoted to mining). "time... devoted to..." matches Sense 3's use of dedicating a resource (like land or time) to a specific purpose.
However, in many WSD tasks, "devote time to" might fall under Sense 2 (dedicate, give thought to, pay attention to) or Sense 3.
Wait, Sense 2 is "dedicate" with examples "give thought to", "give priority to". It seems to cover cognitive resources or focus.
Sense 1 covers giving entirely to a cause.
Sense 3 covers setting aside a resource for a purpose.
"Time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit-seeking." Time is a resource. Setting it aside for a specific purpose (local benefit-seeking) aligns perfectly with Sense 3. "this land was devoted to mining" -> "time devoted to local benefit-seeking".
Alternatively, Sense 1: "give entirely to a specific... activity". Local benefit-seeking is an activity. "give one's talents to a good cause" -> "devote one's time to a good cause".

Let's look at the wording in the context. "takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."
If they participate in votes, it takes away time they could *set aside for* local benefit-seeking.
Could it be Sense 1? "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause".
Often, WordNet groups "devote time" under Sense 1 in some corpora. Let's think about SemCor.
In SemCor, "devote" is often used as "devote%2:32:00::" for things like "devote his life to...", "devote their time...".
Wait, what if Sense 1 is the best match because it includes "activity" and "cause"? "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause". Local benefit-seeking is an activity.
Let's check the definition of Sense 3: "set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use; 'this land was devoted to mining'"
Is "devote time" better matched by Sense 1 or 3?
"give entirely to" vs "set aside or apart for".
Legislators don't give *entirely* to local benefit-seeking, they just spend some time on it. So Sense 3 "set aside or apart for a specific purpose" might be better because time is being allocated.
But in WordNet, "devote time to" usually falls under Sense 1, because "devote" here is synonymous with "dedicate" or "commit", meaning to assign to a task. Wait, Sense 2's synonym is also "dedicate".
Let's check Sense 2: definition=dedicate | synonyms=give, pay | examples=give thought to; give priority to.
This seems to be for abstract things like thought, priority, attention. "give thought to", "pay attention".
In the text: "leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns" - here "pay less attention" is used. If the author wanted to say "devote attention", it would be Sense 2. But the author says "devote to local benefit-seeking", which is an activity, not just attention or thought.
So it's between 1 and 3.
"devote to local benefit-seeking" - local benefit-seeking is a cause or activity.
Sense 1: give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause.
Sense 3: set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use.

If we look at the prompt's Sense 3: "this land was devoted to mining". Land is a physical space. Time is an abstract resource.
But time can be "set aside".
Actually, let's think about typical WSD test sets. The target is "devote". The context: "time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."
Could Sense 1 be the correct one? Yes, "devote time to X" is extremely common and often mapped to the "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause" sense in WordNet.
Let's check WordNet 3.0:
devote%2:32:00:: "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause"
devote%2:40:00:: "set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use"
devote%2:31:00:: "dedicate" (give thought to, give priority to)

Wait! I remember a SemCor example: "Mpledger devoted his life to..."
Another example: "devote time to..."
Often, "devote" with time maps to the first sense, "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause" because it's viewed as committing resources to an activity.
Let's evaluate the Sense 3 example: "this land was devoted to mining". Land is set aside for mining. Time is not exactly "set aside or apart", though you can set aside time. But the phrase is "devote time to".
If I have to choose between Sense 1 and Sense 3:
Sense 1 has "activity" and "cause". "Local benefit-seeking" is definitely an activity or cause.
Sense 3 has "purpose or use". "Local benefit-seeking" could be a purpose.
I think Sense 1 is the most common sense for "devote time to X". Let's look at the synonyms: give, dedicate, consecrate, commit. "Commit time to" is a valid phrase.
Also, the definition for Sense 1 is "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause". In the context of politics, "local benefit-seeking" is a cause or activity.
I'll bet on Sense 1.

Wait, could it be Sense 3? "set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use". Time is a resource that is allocated, similar to land. "devote time" = "set aside time".
However, WordNet's second definition (Sense 3 here) is usually less frequent. Sense 1 is the primary sense.
Let's look closely at the provided definitions:
1. give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause
2. dedicate
3. set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use

In the sentence: "...takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking."
Is the legislator giving entirely to local benefit-seeking? No, it says "the time a legislator could otherwise devote". They have a limited amount of time.
So "give entirely" might not fit perfectly with "the time", because they are not giving *themselves* entirely, just their time. But the examples include "give one's talents to a good cause", which is similar to giving one's time.
Sense 3's definition "set aside or apart for a specific purpose or use" fits the allocation of time perfectly. You set aside time for a purpose.
But what if the text is from a specific corpus? "Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress..."
This text is from a political science paper. "local benefit - seeking" is a specific activity.
I will guess Sense 1 because "devote to [an activity]" usually aligns with Sense 1 in WordNet, and the example "give one's talents to a good cause" is structurally identical to "devote one's time to local benefit-seeking".

Let's double check Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
Sense 2: "dedicate" - synonyms=give, pay - examples=give thought to; give priority to. This is clearly for abstract mental allocation. The text says "devote to local benefit-seeking".
Sense 1: "give entirely to a specific person, activity, or cause". "Local benefit-seeking" is an activity. The example "give one's talents to a good cause" fits the pattern "devote [resource] to [activity/cause]".

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best choice.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
Since local benefit - seeking matters more and national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress, this is precisely the pattern one would expect if Republicans are less willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Democratic counterparts. Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to <t>local</t> benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "local" in the context of "local benefit-seeking".
"local benefit-seeking" refers to seeking benefits for a specific constituency or local area, as opposed to national policy making.
Sense 1: relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area (local taxes; local authorities).
Sense 2: of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood (local customs; local schools).
Sense 3: affecting only a restricted part or area of the body (local anesthesia).

Context says: "national policy making matters less in the lower chamber of Congress", "local benefit - seeking matters more", "narrow constituent concerns".
"local" here is contrasted with "national", referring to a specific district, town, or constituency rather than the larger area (the nation).
Sense 1 fits well: "concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area".
Wait, let's look at the examples for Sense 1: "local taxes", "local authorities".
Sense 2: "characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood". Examples: "local customs", "local schools".
The context is about legislators seeking benefits for their local district vs national policy. "Local benefit-seeking" aligns with Sense 1's "district rather than a larger area" (national).
Let's choose Sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: indicate
Target surface form: indicate
Context:
Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data <t>indicate</t>, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=indicate%2:32:01:: | definition=be a signal for or a symptom of | synonyms=bespeak, betoken, point, signal | examples=These symptoms indicate a serious illness; Her behavior points to a severe neurosis
2. sense_key=indicate%2:32:03:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=point, designate, show | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
3. sense_key=indicate%2:32:00:: | definition=to state or express briefly | examples=indicated his wishes in a letter
4. sense_key=indicate%2:32:02:: | definition=give evidence of | synonyms=argue | examples=The evidence argues for your claim; The results indicate the need for more work
5. sense_key=indicate%2:32:04:: | definition=suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine | synonyms=suggest | examples=Tetracycline is indicated in such cases

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "indicate" is used in the sentence: "This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House."

The context is about data providing evidence for a theory. "The data indicate" means the data gives evidence of something.

Sense 4: "give evidence of" with synonyms "argue" and examples "The evidence argues for your claim; The results indicate the need for more work." This fits well - the data give evidence of the validity of the key assumption.

Sense 1: "be a signal for or a symptom of" - this is more about symptoms/signals.

Sense 3: "to state or express briefly" - this is about stating something directly.

Sense 4 seems the best fit since the data is giving evidence of something (the validity of the assumption).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: case
Target surface form: case
Context:
Is there any empirical support for this theory? Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the <t>case</t> of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=case%1:11:00:: | definition=an occurrence of something | synonyms=instance, example | examples=it was a case of bad judgment; another instance occurred yesterday
2. sense_key=case%1:26:00:: | definition=a special set of circumstances | synonyms=event | examples=in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled
3. sense_key=case%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, suit, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
4. sense_key=case%1:09:00:: | definition=the actual state of things | examples=that was not the case
5. sense_key=case%1:06:00:: | definition=a portable container for carrying several objects | examples=the musicians left their instrument cases backstage
6. sense_key=case%1:18:03:: | definition=a person requiring professional services | examples=a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor
7. sense_key=case%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation | synonyms=subject, guinea pig | examples=the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly; the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities
8. sense_key=case%1:10:02:: | definition=a problem requiring investigation | examples=Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir
9. sense_key=case%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument | examples=he stated his case clearly
10. sense_key=case%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity contained in a case | synonyms=caseful
11. sense_key=case%1:10:00:: | definition=nouns or pronouns or adjectives (often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence | synonyms=grammatical case
12. sense_key=case%1:26:02:: | definition=a specific state of mind that is temporary | examples=a case of the jitters
13. sense_key=case%1:18:04:: | definition=a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities) | synonyms=character, eccentric, type | examples=a real character; a strange character
14. sense_key=case%1:10:03:: | definition=a specific size and style of type within a type family | synonyms=font, fount, typeface, face
15. sense_key=case%1:08:00:: | definition=an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part | synonyms=sheath
16. sense_key=case%1:06:06:: | definition=the housing or outer covering of something | synonyms=shell, casing | examples=the clock has a walnut case
17. sense_key=case%1:06:07:: | definition=the enclosing frame around a door or window opening | synonyms=casing | examples=the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced
18. sense_key=case%1:06:03:: | definition=(printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers | synonyms=compositor's case, typesetter's case | examples=for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters
19. sense_key=case%1:06:02:: | definition=bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow | synonyms=pillowcase, slip, pillow slip | examples=the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase
20. sense_key=case%1:06:01:: | definition=a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home | synonyms=display case, showcase, vitrine

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "particularly in the case of the House."

This means "in the situation/instance regarding the House."
Sense 1: "an occurrence of something" (instance, example)
Sense 2: "a special set of circumstances" (event) - examples: "in that event, the first possibility is excluded; it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled"

Let's look at the phrase "in the case of the House". This means "with regard to the House" or "in the situation involving the House".
Sense 2 has the example "it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled".
"In the case of" usually means "in the matter of" or "in the instance/situation of".
Wait, let's consider Sense 2 vs Sense 1. "in the case of" often relates to a specific instance or situation. "A special set of circumstances" fits "in which case" and "in the case of".
Actually, "in the case of X" usually refers to the situation or instance of X. Sense 2 is "a special set of circumstances" with synonyms like "event". Example: "in that event, the first possibility is excluded". "in the case of" often maps to "in the event of".
Let's check Sense 1: "an occurrence of something", "it was a case of bad judgment". "a case of bad judgment" -> occurrence.

"in the case of the House" means "regarding the situation of the House" -> Sense 2 (a special set of circumstances / event).
Let's re-evaluate Sense 2: "a special set of circumstances" - example "it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled".
Let's check WordNet senses for "case" (noun).
Sense 1: case%1:11:00:: (instance, example) - "in that case" or "in this case"?
Wait, WordNet 3.0:
case%1:11:00:: "an occurrence of something" "it was a case of bad judgment" "another instance occurred yesterday"
case%1:26:00:: "a special set of circumstances" "in that event, the first possibility is excluded" "it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled"

"in the case of the House" means "in the event/instance of the House".
Is it Sense 1 or 2?
"in which case" maps to "in that event" (Sense 2).
"in the case of the House" means "in the instance of the House" -> Sense 1 (instance, example) or Sense 2 (event).
"in the case of the House" could be Sense 2 because it's a set of circumstances (the House attendance rates).
But "case of" can also be Sense 1 "an occurrence of something". Wait, "case of the House" isn't an occurrence. The House is an entity. "in the case of X" means "in the situation concerning X".
Let's think about Sense 2. "a special set of circumstances" -> "in that event", "in which case".
I will choose Sense 2.

Let's double check Sense 1. "an occurrence of something" (instance, example) - "another instance occurred yesterday". "The case of the missing heir" (Sense 8).
"in the case of" usually means "in the matter of; as regards".
"in the case of" often corresponds to "case%1:26:00::" (a special set of circumstances). The example "in which case" is very close to "in the case of".
Let's choose 2.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democratic
Target surface form: Democratic
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The <t>Democratic</t> House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about "Democratic legislators" and "Democratic House attendance rate" and "Republican" colleagues. The target surface form is "Democratic" and it refers to the Democratic Party.

Sense 2: "belong to or relating to the Democratic Party" with example "Democratic senator" fits perfectly here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attendance
Target surface form: attendance
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House <t>attendance</t> rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attendance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) | synonyms=attending
2. sense_key=attendance%1:28:00:: | definition=the frequency with which a person is present | examples=a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade
3. sense_key=attendance%1:14:00:: | definition=the number of people that are present | examples=attendance was up by 50 per cent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "attendance" in the context: "The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959."
The context discusses "attendance rates on roll-call votes".
Sense 1: the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.)
Sense 2: the frequency with which a person is present (e.g., a student's attendance)
Sense 3: the number of people that are present (e.g., attendance was up by 50 per cent)

In the context, "attendance rate" refers to how often the legislators are present for roll-call votes. This aligns with Sense 2: the frequency with which a person is present. "attendance rate" is about the frequency of presence.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rate
Target surface form: rate
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance <t>rate</t> has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rate%1:28:00:: | definition=a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit | examples=they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour; the rate of change was faster than expected
2. sense_key=rate%1:21:00:: | definition=amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis | synonyms=charge per unit | examples=a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5
3. sense_key=rate%1:07:00:: | definition=the relative speed of progress or change | synonyms=pace | examples=he lived at a fast pace; he works at a great rate
4. sense_key=rate%1:24:00:: | definition=a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure | examples=the literacy rate; the retention rate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "rate" in the context "The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959."

The context discusses "attendance rate", which refers to the proportion of legislators attending votes.
Sense 4: "a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure" - examples: "the literacy rate; the retention rate".
"Attendance rate" fits perfectly with "the retention rate" or "the literacy rate", which are proportions.

Let's check sense 1: "a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit" (e.g., miles per hour).
Let's check sense 2: "amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis" (e.g., cost $5).
Let's check sense 3: "the relative speed of progress or change" (e.g., works at a great rate).

Therefore, sense 4 is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the <t>Republican</t> House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "republican" with surface form "Republican".
Context mentions "Republican colleagues", "GOP senators", "congressional Republicans", "Republican House attendance rate".
This clearly refers to the Republican Party in the United States.
Sense 1 is "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party" with examples "a Republican senator; Republican party politics".
Sense 2 is "having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives...".
The context refers to the US political party (Republican Party, contrasted with Democratic legislators).
Thus, sense 1 is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attendance
Target surface form: attendance
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House <t>attendance</t> rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attendance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of being present (at a meeting or event etc.) | synonyms=attending
2. sense_key=attendance%1:28:00:: | definition=the frequency with which a person is present | examples=a student's attendance is an important factor in her grade
3. sense_key=attendance%1:14:00:: | definition=the number of people that are present | examples=attendance was up by 50 per cent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses "attendance rates on roll-call votes" and "attendance rate" for Democratic and Republican legislators. This refers to how frequently legislators are present for votes. Sense 2 defines attendance as "the frequency with which a person is present," with the example about a student's attendance being a factor in her grade. This matches the usage of "attendance rates" in the context, where it's about how often legislators show up to vote.

Sense 1 is about the act of being present at a specific event.
Sense 3 is about the number of people present.

The context talks about "attendance rates" - how frequently individual legislators attend roll-call votes. This aligns with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rate
Target surface form: rate
Context:
Three pieces of evidence corroborate the key assumption that Democratic legislators are more willing to engage in local benefit - seeking than their Republican colleagues. First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance <t>rate</t> since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rate%1:28:00:: | definition=a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit | examples=they traveled at a rate of 55 miles per hour; the rate of change was faster than expected
2. sense_key=rate%1:21:00:: | definition=amount of a charge or payment relative to some basis | synonyms=charge per unit | examples=a 10-minute phone call at that rate would cost $5
3. sense_key=rate%1:07:00:: | definition=the relative speed of progress or change | synonyms=pace | examples=he lived at a fast pace; he works at a great rate
4. sense_key=rate%1:24:00:: | definition=a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure | examples=the literacy rate; the retention rate

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "rate" in the context: "The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959."

Here, "attendance rate" refers to the proportion of roll-call votes attended (a quantity considered as a proportion of another quantity). This matches sense 4: "a quantity or amount or measure considered as a proportion of another quantity or amount or measure" with examples like "the literacy rate; the retention rate."

The attendance rate is a proportion (number of votes attended / total votes), which fits sense 4 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as <t>shown</t> in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "shown" in the context: "Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices..."

The phrase "as shown in the table" means the table provides evidence for or demonstrates something.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. show%2:39:02:: - give an exhibition of to an interested audience (demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate) - e.g., showing dogs, demoing software
2. show%2:31:00:: - establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment (prove, demonstrate, establish, shew) - e.g., The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound
3. show%2:32:00:: - provide evidence for (testify, bear witness, prove, evidence) - e.g., The blood test showed that he was the father
4. show%2:39:00:: - make visible or noticeable - e.g., She showed her talent for cooking
5. show%2:36:00:: - show in, or as in, a picture (picture, depict, render)
6. show%2:32:02:: - give expression to (express, evince) - e.g., She showed her disappointment
7. show%2:32:01:: - indicate a place, direction, person, or thing (indicate, point, designate)
8. show%2:39:01:: - be or become visible or noticeable (show up)
9. show%2:32:04:: - indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments (read, register, record)
10. show%2:32:03:: - give evidence of, as of records (The diary shows his distress that evening)
11. show%2:38:00:: - take (someone) to their seats (usher)
12. show%2:33:00:: - finish third or better in a horse or dog race

The context: "as shown in the table"
This is giving evidence or indicating a fact through a record (a table).
Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records" - The diary shows his distress. "as shown in the table" means the table gives evidence of something.
Wait, sense 3: "provide evidence for" - The blood test showed that he was the father. Her behavior testified to her incompetence.
Sense 2: "establish the validity of something"
Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records"

Which one is best for "as shown in the table"?
"As shown in the table" means the table demonstrates or provides evidence for the claim.
Sense 10 specifically mentions "as of records". A table of data is a record. "The diary shows his distress that evening."
"As shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion..." -> The table gives evidence of this allocation.

Let's compare Sense 3 and Sense 10.
Sense 3: "provide evidence for" - synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence. "The blood test showed that he was the father." "Her behavior testified to her incompetence." This seems to be about providing evidence for a claim.
Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records" - "The diary shows his distress that evening."
A table in an academic paper is a record. "As shown in the table" means the table gives evidence of the claim. Sense 10 explicitly includes "as of records", which fits perfectly with "as shown in the table" since a table is a record of data.

Let's look at Sense 3 again. "provide evidence for". A table provides evidence for the claim.
However, Sense 10's "give evidence of, as of records" with the example "The diary shows his distress" matches a document (table, diary) giving evidence of a fact.
Sense 2 is "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".

I will go with Sense 10, because "as of records" specifically fits "in the table". Wait, Sense 3 "provide evidence for" is also very common for "as shown in".
Let's search for "as shown in the table" WordNet.
Usually, "show" in "as shown in the table" means "demonstrate" or "indicate".
Wait, if it means "demonstrate", it could be Sense 2.
But Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records" - The diary shows his distress that evening. The table gives evidence of the allocations. A table is a record.
Sense 3: "provide evidence for" - The blood test showed that he was the father. A blood test is not a record.
So Sense 10 is better suited for a table.

Let's double check Sense 10. Sense 10 is "show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening"
Yes, "shown in the table" perfectly aligns with "give evidence of, as of records".

Sense_index: 10.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: table
Target surface form: table
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the <t>table</t>, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=table%1:14:00:: | definition=a set of data arranged in rows and columns | synonyms=tabular array | examples=see table 1
2. sense_key=table%1:06:01:: | definition=a piece of furniture having a smooth flat top that is usually supported by one or more vertical legs | examples=it was a sturdy table
3. sense_key=table%1:06:02:: | definition=a piece of furniture with tableware for a meal laid out on it | examples=I reserved a table at my favorite restaurant
4. sense_key=table%1:17:00:: | definition=flat tableland with steep edges | synonyms=mesa | examples=the tribe was relatively safe on the mesa but they had to descend into the valley for water
5. sense_key=table%1:14:01:: | definition=a company of people assembled at a table for a meal or game | examples=he entertained the whole table with his witty remarks
6. sense_key=table%1:13:01:: | definition=food or meals in general | synonyms=board | examples=she sets a fine table; room and board

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context mentions "as shown in the table" and "the personal staffing differences noted in the table." This refers to a set of data arranged in rows and columns.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democrat
Target surface form: Democrats
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, <t>Democrats</t> allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democrat%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the Democratic Party
2. sense_key=democrat%1:18:00:: | definition=an advocate of democratic principles | synonyms=populist

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about US politics, specifically comparing GOP (Republican) senators and "Democrats" in terms of staff budgets, attendance rates, and allocation of staff to district offices. The text refers to the Democratic Party (e.g., "Democratic House attendance rate," "majority-party status"). This is clearly about members of the Democratic Party, not advocates of democratic principles in general.

Sense 1: a member of the Democratic Party - this fits perfectly.
Sense 2: an advocate of democratic principles - this does not fit the political party context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: proportion
Target surface form: proportion
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher <t>proportion</t> of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=proportion%1:24:00:: | definition=the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole
2. sense_key=proportion%1:07:00:: | definition=magnitude or extent | synonyms=dimension | examples=a building of vast proportions
3. sense_key=proportion%1:25:00:: | definition=balance among the parts of something | synonyms=symmetry
4. sense_key=proportion%1:24:01:: | definition=the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree | synonyms=ratio | examples=an inordinate proportion of the book is given over to quotations; a dry martini has a large proportion of gin
5. sense_key=proportion%1:07:01:: | definition=harmonious arrangement or relation of parts or elements within a whole (as in a design); - John Ruskin | synonyms=proportionality, balance | examples=in all perfectly beautiful objects there is found the opposition of one part to another and a reciprocal balance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "proportion" in the context: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices".

Here, "proportion" refers to the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree. The Democrats allocate a higher proportion (ratio/percentage) of their personal staffs to district offices.

Sense 1: "the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole" - This is more about a mathematical quotient (like a percentage or fraction).

Sense 4: "the relation between things (or parts of things) with respect to their comparative quantity, magnitude, or degree" - synonyms=ratio - examples: "an inordinate proportion of the book is given over to quotations; a dry martini has a large proportion of gin"

The context "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices" is very similar to "a dry martini has a large proportion of gin" - both describe how a part relates to the whole in terms of quantity or degree.

Sense 1 is more strictly mathematical (quotient), while sense 4 is about the relation between parts with respect to comparative quantity. The example "an inordinate proportion of the book is given over to quotations" closely parallels "a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices."

I'll go with sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: personal
Target surface form: personal
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their <t>personal</t> staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=personal%3:00:00:: | definition=concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality | examples=a personal favor; for your personal use
2. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 | definition=particular to a given individual
3. sense_key=personal%3:01:01:: | definition=of or arising from personality | examples=personal magnetism
4. sense_key=personal%5:00:00:physical:00 | definition=intimately concerning a person's body or physical being | examples=personal hygiene
5. sense_key=personal%3:01:00:: | definition=indicating grammatical person | examples=personal verb endings

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "personal" in the context of "personal staff" (personal staff budgets, personal staffs, personal staffing decisions).
In this context, "personal staff" refers to the staff directly allocated to an individual member of Congress (as opposed to committee staff or shared staff).
Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality. (e.g., a personal favor)
2. particular to a given individual. (subjective)
3. of or arising from personality. (e.g., personal magnetism)
4. intimately concerning a person's body or physical being. (e.g., personal hygiene)
5. indicating grammatical person. (e.g., personal verb endings)

The "personal staff" belongs to or is particular to an individual legislator.
Sense 2 is "particular to a given individual".
Wait, looking at WordNet:
personal%3:00:00:: - concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality ("a personal favor", "for your personal use", "personal papers", "one's personal life", "a personal account")
personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 - particular to a given individual ("profoundly subjective odds" - wait, subjective?)
Wait, what is the exact meaning of personal staff? It means belonging to a particular person.
In WordNet 3.0:
Adj Senses of "personal":
1. personal (concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality) "a personal favor"; "for your personal use"; "personal papers"; "one's personal life"
2. personal (particular to a given individual) "profoundly subjective odds"
Wait, sense 1 is concerning or affecting a particular person... But "personal staff" means the staff of a particular person.
Actually, "personal" in "personal staff" means belonging to a particular person (e.g. personal secretary, personal staff).
Let's look at sense 2 definition: "particular to a given individual" -> "subjective".
Is it sense 1 or 2?
Let's check WordNet examples.
Sense 1 (personal%3:00:00::): "a personal favor", "for your personal use", "personal papers", "one's personal life". "Personal staff" would fit "for your personal use" -> "personal staff".
Wait, let's consider "personal staff". A personal staff is the staff for a particular person.
Is it "particular to a given individual"? Sense 2 is "particular to a given individual". Synonym: subjective. Wait, synonym "subjective" makes it seem like it means "based on feelings".
Let's see: personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 -> definition: particular to a given individual. Examples might not be listed but the sense key has "subjective".
Actually, Merriam-Webster:
"personal" 1: of, relating to, or affecting a person (personal life, personal needs)
2: characteristic of a person
3: belonging to a particular person
If WordNet sense 1 is "concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality", it fits "personal staff budgets" - budgets concerning a particular person (the legislator).

Let's look at another option. Is "personal staff" "particular to a given individual"? Yes, it's a staff belonging/particular to an individual. But does sense 2 mean "subjective" (as in subjective opinion)? "particular to a given individual" could mean idiosyncratic or subjective. Wait, WordNet often groups "personal" as "particular to a given individual" but maps it to subjective, meaning it's in the mind or feelings of the individual, not an objective physical entity like a staff.

Let's think about WordNet senses:
personal%3:00:00:: : concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality. Examples: a personal favor; for your personal use.
personal%5:00:00:subjective:00 : particular to a given individual. Synonym: subjective.

If we look at the use of "personal" in "personal staff", it means the staff of a particular individual. Sense 1 covers "concerning or affecting a particular person... for your personal use". "Personal staff" is for the personal use of the legislator. Or it just means "concerning a particular person".

Wait, "personal secretary" / "personal staff" -> of or relating to a particular person.
Let's consider the source: WordNet 3.0
Senses of personal adj
1. personal (concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality) "a personal favor"; "for your personal use"; "personal papers"; "one's personal life"
2. personal (particular to a given individual) "profoundly subjective odds"
3. personal (of or arising from personality) "personal magnetism"
4. personal (intimately concerning a person's body or physical being) "personal hygiene"
5. personal (indicating grammatical person) "personal verb endings"

Sense 2 example in WordNet is "profoundly subjective odds", which means it's about being subjective, not about having a personal staff.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct one. "personal staff budgets" = budgets concerning a particular person (each legislator's own staff budget).

Let's verify. "allocated personal staff budgets" -> the personal staff budgets allocated to them.
"a personal favor" -> concerning a particular person.
"personal staff" -> concerning a particular person.

Let me double-check if there's any other sense. No, Sense 1 is definitely the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: staff
Target surface form: staffs
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal <t>staffs</t> to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=staff%1:14:01:: | definition=personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task | examples=the hospital has an excellent nursing staff; the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions
2. sense_key=staff%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong rod or stick with a specialized utilitarian purpose | examples=he walked with the help of a wooden staff
3. sense_key=staff%1:14:00:: | definition=the body of teachers and administrators at a school | synonyms=faculty | examples=the dean addressed the letter to the entire staff of the university
4. sense_key=staff%1:27:00:: | definition=building material consisting of plaster and hair; used to cover external surfaces of temporary structure (as at an exposition) or for decoration
5. sense_key=staff%1:10:01:: | definition=a rod carried as a symbol
6. sense_key=staff%1:10:00:: | definition=(music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written | synonyms=stave

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "staffs" used as a plural noun in the context: "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices".
Here, "staffs" refers to the personnel working for the senators/legislators.
Sense 1: "personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task" (e.g., "the general relied on his staff to make routine decisions"). This matches the context of "personal staff budgets" and "personal staffs".
Sense 3: "the body of teachers and administrators at a school" - incorrect context.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: offices
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district <t>offices</t> -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "offices" in the context "district offices". The sentence discusses "Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices". This refers to physical places where staff work, specifically the local offices of legislators in their home districts. Sense 1: "place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed" with synonyms "business office" and example "he rented an office in the new building". This fits "district offices" - they are physical locations where staff perform their duties.

Sense 5: "professional or clerical workers in an office" - but here "district offices" is contrasted with "Washington offices", suggesting physical locations.

Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: local
Target surface form: local
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where <t>local</t> benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=local%3:00:01:: | definition=relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area | examples=local taxes; local authorities
2. sense_key=local%3:01:01:: | definition=of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood | examples=local customs; local schools
3. sense_key=local%3:00:02:: | definition=affecting only a restricted part or area of the body | examples=local anesthesia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "local" in the context of "local benefit-seeking" and "local benefit - seeking duties".
The context contrasts "local benefit-seeking" with "national policy making".
It mentions "district offices", "constituent concerns".
Sense 1: relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area.
Sense 2: of or belonging to or characteristic of a particular locality or neighborhood.
Sense 3: affecting only a restricted part or area of the body.

"Local benefit-seeking" here refers to seeking benefits for a specific district (represented by a legislator) rather than national policy. "District offices" aligns with the administration of a city, town, or district rather than a larger area.
Therefore, sense 1 fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: duty
Target surface form: duties
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking <t>duties</t> matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=duty%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=responsibility, obligation | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
2. sense_key=duty%1:04:02:: | definition=work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons | examples=the duties of the job
3. sense_key=duty%1:21:00:: | definition=a government tax on imports or exports | synonyms=tariff | examples=they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "duties" in the context: "where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices."

Here, "duties" refers to the work or tasks that staff members are obliged to perform - specifically, local benefit-seeking activities. This aligns with sense 2: "work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons" with example "the duties of the job."

Sense 1 is about the social force/moral obligation itself, while sense 2 is about the actual work/tasks. Sense 3 is about taxes/tariffs, which doesn't fit at all.

In this context, "duties" refers to the tasks/work that staff perform (local benefit-seeking duties), so sense 2 is the best fit.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and <t>national</t> policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "national" in the phrase "national policy making".
The context discusses "national policy making" in contrast to "local benefit-seeking" and "narrow constituent concerns".
"National" here means relating to the entire nation or country, as opposed to local.
Candidate senses:
1. of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country
2. limited to or in the interests of a particular nation
3. concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country
4. owned or maintained for the public by the national government
5. inside the country
6. characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation
7. of or relating to nationality

Sense 3 ("concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country") fits best because "national policy making" contrasts with "local benefit-seeking". It is about the entire nation vs local.
Let's check Sense 3 examples: "the national government; national elections".
So Sense 3 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: policy
Target surface form: policy
Context:
First, economists James Bennett and Thomas DiLorenzo find that GOP senators turn back roughly 10% more of their allocated personal staff budgets than Democrats do. To the extent that the primary duty of personal staff involves local benefit - seeking, this indicates that political philosophy leads congressional Republicans to pay less attention to narrow constituent concerns. Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national <t>policy</t> making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=policy%1:09:00:: | definition=a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group | examples=it was a policy of retribution; a politician keeps changing his policies
2. sense_key=policy%1:10:00:: | definition=a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government | examples=they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation
3. sense_key=policy%1:10:02:: | definition=written contract or certificate of insurance | synonyms=insurance policy, insurance | examples=you should have read the small print on your policy

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "policy" in the context of "national policy making activities".
The context discusses "national policy making" in contrast to "local benefit-seeking".
This refers to the broader plan of action or course of action adopted by a government or political group.
Sense 1: "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group" (e.g. a politician keeps changing his policies)
Sense 2: "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government" (e.g. debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation)
Sense 3: "written contract or certificate of insurance"

Here, "national policy making" aligns best with "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group" or "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government".
Wait, "policy making" generally refers to creating plans of action.
Sense 1: plan of action adopted by an individual or social group.
Sense 2: line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government.
"national policy making" is about creating a plan of action adopted by a government (social group).
Therefore, Sense 1 seems more appropriate as it broadly covers plans of action. Let's look closely at Sense 2. "a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government" - this is more about the justification.
Sense 1 is "a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group". This fits "national policy" perfectly.

Let's check the sense indices.
1. policy%1:09:00::
2. policy%1:10:00::
3. policy%1:10:02::

Is it 1 or 2?
"national policy making" - making plans of action. This is sense 1.