[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: child
Target surface form: children
Context:
Why ca not we teach our <t>children</t> to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=child%1:18:00:: | definition=a young person of either sex | synonyms=kid, youngster, minor, shaver, nipper, small fry | examples=she writes books for children; they're just kids
2. sense_key=child%1:18:01:: | definition=a human offspring (son or daughter) of any age | synonyms=kid | examples=they had three children; they were able to send their kids to college
3. sense_key=child%1:18:06:: | definition=an immature childish person | synonyms=baby | examples=he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived; stop being a baby!
4. sense_key=child%1:18:07:: | definition=a member of a clan or tribe | examples=the children of Israel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is "Why can not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."

This is about teaching children to read, write, and do arithmetic. This clearly refers to young people who are of school age, not "offspring of any age" nor "immature childish person" nor "member of a clan or tribe". The synonyms for sense 1 include "kid, youngster, minor" which fit well with "teach our children to read, write and reckon". The example "she writes books for children; they're just kids" also fits well with the educational context.

The best sense is 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: read
Target surface form: read
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to <t>read</t>, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=read%2:31:00:: | definition=interpret something that is written or printed | examples=read the advertisement; Have you read Salman Rushdie?
2. sense_key=read%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=say | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
3. sense_key=read%2:31:01:: | definition=look at, interpret, and say out loud something that is written or printed | examples=The King will read the proclamation at noon
4. sense_key=read%2:31:06:: | definition=obtain data from magnetic tapes | synonyms=scan | examples=This dictionary can be read by the computer
5. sense_key=read%2:31:02:: | definition=interpret the significance of, as of palms, tea leaves, intestines, the sky; also of human behavior | examples=She read the sky and predicted rain; I can't read his strange behavior
6. sense_key=read%2:31:09:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=take | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=read%2:31:05:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
8. sense_key=read%2:32:02:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=register, show, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
9. sense_key=read%2:36:05:: | definition=audition for a stage role by reading parts of a role | examples=He is auditioning for `Julius Caesar' at Stratford this year
10. sense_key=read%2:31:08:: | definition=to hear and understand | examples=I read you loud and clear!
11. sense_key=read%2:31:04:: | definition=make sense of a language | synonyms=understand, interpret, translate | examples=She understands French; Can you read Greek?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The context is "Why can not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?" Here "read" means to interpret something written or printed - the basic literacy skill of reading.

Sense 1: interpret something that is written or printed - examples: read the advertisement; Have you read Salman Rushdie?

This is the basic sense of reading text, which fits "teach our children to read."

Sense 3 is about reading out loud, but the context doesn't specify out loud.

Sense 11 is about making sense of a language, but the context is about general reading, not a specific language.

Sense 1 is the best fit.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: write
Target surface form: write
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, <t>write</t> and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=write%2:36:00:: | definition=produce a literary work | synonyms=compose, pen, indite | examples=She composed a poem; He wrote four novels
2. sense_key=write%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate or express by writing | examples=Please write to me every week
3. sense_key=write%2:36:02:: | definition=have (one's written work) issued for publication | synonyms=publish | examples=How many books did Georges Simenon write?; She published 25 books during her long career
4. sense_key=write%2:32:08:: | definition=communicate (with) in writing | synonyms=drop a line | examples=Write her soon, please!
5. sense_key=write%2:32:01:: | definition=communicate by letter | examples=He wrote that he would be coming soon
6. sense_key=write%2:36:04:: | definition=write music | synonyms=compose | examples=Beethoven composed nine symphonies
7. sense_key=write%2:36:01:: | definition=mark or trace on a surface | examples=The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper; Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet
8. sense_key=write%2:32:03:: | definition=record data on a computer | synonyms=save | examples=boot-up instructions are written on the hard disk
9. sense_key=write%2:36:03:: | definition=write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word) | synonyms=spell | examples=He spelled the word wrong in this letter
10. sense_key=write%2:36:10:: | definition=create code, write a computer program | examples=She writes code faster than anybody else

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."
The target word is "write".
The phrase is "read, write and reckon" (the three R's: reading, writing, and arithmetic).
Here, "write" refers to the basic skill of writing letters or words on a surface, or the ability to form letters and words.
Sense 7: sense_key=write%2:36:01:: | definition=mark or trace on a surface | examples=The artist wrote Chinese characters on a big piece of white paper; Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet
Sense 1: sense_key=write%2:36:00:: | definition=produce a literary work | synonyms=compose, pen, indite | examples=She composed a poem; He wrote four novels
Sense 9: sense_key=write%2:36:03:: | definition=write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (a word or part of a word) | synonyms=spell | examples=He spelled the word wrong in this letter
Sense 1 is about composing literary works. The context says "teach our children to read, write and reckon", which refers to basic literacy (learning to write), not composing literary works. Wait, in WordNet, "write" as in "read and write" might be mapped to a specific sense.
Let's look at the senses again:
7. mark or trace on a surface (like writing letters)
Let's consider "teach our children to read, write and reckon". It's the basic skill of writing. Sense 7 "mark or trace on a surface" fits the physical act of writing, often taught to children. "Russian is written with the Cyrillic alphabet".
Sense 1 "produce a literary work" - no, that's for authors.
Sense 9 "write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of" (spell) - no, that's specifically spelling.
Sense 2 "communicate or express by writing"
Wait, is there a sense for the basic skill of writing?
In WordNet, "write" (verb) senses:
write%2:36:01:: mark or trace on a surface
This aligns with the basic skill of writing.
Let's see if sense 1 is used for "teach children to write". "He taught the boy to write".
Could it be sense 1? "produce a literary work" - "She composed a poem". No.
Could it be sense 7? "mark or trace on a surface" - "The artist wrote Chinese characters". This fits the physical act of writing.
Let's check WordNet 3.0 for "write":
1. produce a literary work (compose, pen, indite)
2. communicate or express by writing
3. have (one's written work) issued for publication (publish)
4. communicate (with) in writing (drop a line)
5. communicate by letter
6. write music (compose)
7. mark or trace on a surface
8. record data on a computer (save)
9. write or name the letters that comprise the conventionally accepted form of (spell)
10. create code, write a computer program

"teach our children to read, write and reckon"
To "write" in "read, write and reckon" means to form letters and words. "mark or trace on a surface" (sense 7) is the best fit among these.
Wait, is it sense 7?
"read, write and reckon" - reading is understanding written words, writing is forming written words.
Therefore, sense 7 is the most appropriate.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reckon
Target surface form: reckon
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and <t>reckon</t>? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reckon%2:31:02:: | definition=expect, believe, or suppose | synonyms=think, opine, suppose, imagine, guess | examples=I imagine she earned a lot of money with her new novel; I thought to find her in a bad state
2. sense_key=reckon%2:31:03:: | definition=judge to be probable | synonyms=calculate, estimate, count on, figure, forecast
3. sense_key=reckon%2:31:00:: | definition=deem to be | synonyms=see, consider, view, regard | examples=She views this quite differently from me; I consider her to be shallow
4. sense_key=reckon%2:31:01:: | definition=make a mathematical calculation or computation | synonyms=calculate, cipher, cypher, compute, work out, figure
5. sense_key=reckon%2:31:05:: | definition=have faith or confidence in | synonyms=count, bet, depend, look, calculate | examples=you can count on me to help you any time; Look to your friends for support
6. sense_key=reckon%2:31:13:: | definition=take account of | synonyms=count | examples=You have to reckon with our opponents; Count on the monsoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."
Here, "reckon" is parallel to "read" and "write", which are basic skills taught to children. "Reckon" in this context refers to doing arithmetic or mathematical calculations.
Looking at the candidate senses:
1. expect, believe, or suppose
2. judge to be probable
3. deem to be
4. make a mathematical calculation or computation
5. have faith or confidence in
6. take account of

Sense 4 ("make a mathematical calculation or computation") fits perfectly with the basic educational skills of reading, writing, and arithmetic (reckoning).
Sense 4 index is 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: know
Target surface form: know
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not <t>know</t> how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=know%2:31:01:: | definition=be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about | synonyms=cognize, cognise | examples=I know that the President lied to the people; I want to know who is winning the game!
2. sense_key=know%2:31:03:: | definition=know how to do or perform something | examples=She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?
3. sense_key=know%2:31:02:: | definition=be aware of the truth of something; have a belief or faith in something; regard as true beyond any doubt | examples=I know that I left the key on the table; Galileo knew that the earth moves around the sun
4. sense_key=know%2:31:00:: | definition=be familiar or acquainted with a person or an object | examples=She doesn't know this composer; Do you know my sister?
5. sense_key=know%2:31:04:: | definition=have firsthand knowledge of states, situations, emotions, or sensations | synonyms=experience, live | examples=I know the feeling!; have you ever known hunger?
6. sense_key=know%2:31:06:: | definition=accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority | synonyms=acknowledge, recognize, recognise | examples=The Crown Prince was acknowledged as the true heir to the throne; We do not recognize your gods
7. sense_key=know%2:31:15:: | definition=have fixed in the mind | examples=I know Latin; This student knows her irregular verbs
8. sense_key=know%2:35:00:: | definition=have sexual intercourse with | synonyms=sleep together, roll in the hay, love, make out, make love, sleep with | examples=This student sleeps with everyone in her dorm; Adam knew Eve
9. sense_key=know%2:31:11:: | definition=know the nature or character of | examples=we all knew her as a big show-off
10. sense_key=know%2:31:12:: | definition=be able to distinguish, recognize as being different | examples=The child knows right from wrong
11. sense_key=know%2:31:14:: | definition=perceive as familiar | examples=I know this voice!

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context says: "It's not that we do not know how to, because we do."

The phrase "know how to" directly matches sense 2: "know how to do or perform something" with examples "She knows how to knit; Does your husband know how to cook?"

The target word is "know" in "do not know how to" — this is clearly about knowing how to do something (teach children to read, write, and reckon).

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not <t>want</t> to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "want" in the sentence: "It's that we do not <t>want</t> to."
The context is about teaching children, and the speaker says "we do not want to [teach them effectively]."
This expresses a desire or willingness. "want" here means "feel or have a desire for".
Sense 1: feel or have a desire for; want strongly. Examples: I want to go home now. (Matches "want to")
Sense 2: have need of.
Sense 3: hunt or look for.
Sense 4: wish or demand the presence of.
Sense 5: be without, lack.

Clearly, Sense 1 is the correct choice. "we do not want to" means "we do not feel a desire to".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reason
Target surface form: reason
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the <t>reason</t> we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | synonyms=ground | examples=the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination | synonyms=understanding, intellect | examples=we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment | synonyms=rationality, reasonableness | examples=his rationality may have been impaired; he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening | synonyms=cause, grounds | examples=he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion | examples=there is reason to believe he is lying

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "reason" in the context: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..."

Here, "reason" refers to the cause or justification for why "we do not want to" teach children effectively. The sentence structure is "the reason [we do X] is that [Y]", which means Y explains why X happens.

Looking at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=reason%1:16:00:: | definition=a rational motive for a belief or action | examples=the reason that war was declared
2. sense_key=reason%1:10:01:: | definition=an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon | examples=the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly
3. sense_key=reason%1:09:00:: | definition=the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination
4. sense_key=reason%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of having good sense and sound judgment
5. sense_key=reason%1:10:00:: | definition=a justification for something existing or happening
6. sense_key=reason%1:09:01:: | definition=a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion

The context "the reason we do not want to is that..." is very similar to the example in sense 2: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly." Both use "the reason [X happened] is that [Y]" structure, providing an explanation of the cause.

Sense 1 is about "a rational motive for a belief or action" - this could also fit since it's about why they don't want to.

Sense 5 is "a justification for something existing or happening" with synonyms "cause, grounds."

The context is explaining why something is the case - why they don't want to teach effectively. The structure "the reason X is that Y" matches sense 2's example very closely.

However, let me think more carefully. "The reason we do not want to" - this is about a motive or cause for an action (not wanting to do something). Sense 1 says "a rational motive for a belief or action" - this fits well because "not wanting to" is related to motivation.

Sense 2 says "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" - the example is about a scientific phenomenon (steady state).

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 5: "a justification for something existing or happening" with examples "he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice" - this seems to be about having cause/justification for an action.

And sense 1: "a rational motive for a belief or action" with example "the reason that war was declared" - this is about the motive behind an action.

In the context, "the reason we do not want to" is asking about the motive/cause for not wanting to do something. This seems to fit sense 1 (a rational motive for a belief or action) or sense 5 (a justification for something existing or happening).

The structure "the reason we do not want to is that..." is providing an explanation - it's explaining why they don't want to. This is closest to sense 2 (an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon) based on the example structure.

But "phenomenon" in sense 2 might suggest something more scientific or observable, while the context is about human motivation.

Let me reconsider. The example for sense 2 is "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly" - this is explaining a cause. The context is "the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish..." - this is also explaining a cause/why something is the case.

Sense 1's example is "the reason that war was declared" - this is about a motive for an action.

The context is explaining why they don't want to do something - it's both a motive and an explanation. But the structure "the reason X is that Y" matches sense 2's example very closely.

I think sense 2 is the best fit because the structure "the reason [clause] is that [explanation]" matches perfectly, and it's about explaining the cause of something happening.

Wait, but let me also consider sense 1 more carefully. "A rational motive for a belief or action" - "we do not want to" is a state of mind/belief, and the reason given is the motive for it. The example "the reason that war was declared" is also about explaining why something happened.

Hmm, this is tricky. Let me look at the distinctions:

- Sense 1: rational motive for a belief or action (ground)
- Sense 2: explanation of the cause of some phenomenon
- Sense 5: justification for something existing or happening (cause, grounds)

The context is: "And the reason we do not want to is that..." - this is providing an explanation for why they don't want to. It's explaining the cause.

I think sense 2 fits best because:
1. The structure matches the example perfectly ("the reason X was that Y")
2. It's about explaining why something is the case

But actually, "we do not want to" is an action/state that has a motive. Sense 1 is about "a rational motive for a belief or action."

I'm going to go with sense 2 because the parallel structure with the example is very strong, and it's about explaining the cause of something.

Actually, let me reconsider once more. The phrase "the reason we do not want to" - is this about:
- A motive (sense 1) - why they are motivated not to want to
- An explanation of cause (sense 2) - what causes them not to want to
- A justification (sense 5) - what justifies their not wanting to

The answer given is "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..." - this is explaining why they don't want to, which is both a cause and a motive.

Sense 2's definition says "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon" - "phenomenon" could be broad enough to include "not wanting to teach effectively."

I'll go with sense 2.

Wait, but looking at this again, sense 1 says "a rational motive for a belief or action" and the context is about a belief/action (not wanting to teach effectively). The "reason" here is the motive behind this.

Sense 5 says "a justification for something existing or happening" - the example "they had good reason to rejoice" uses "reason" in a similar way.

Hmm, let me think about the difference between "motive" and "explanation of cause." A motive is typically internal/psychological, while an explanation of cause could be more general.

In the context, the reason given is that "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs" - this is explaining the cause of their reluctance. It could be seen as both a motive and an explanation.

Given the strong structural parallel with sense 2's example ("the reason X was that Y"), I'll stick with sense 2.

Actually, I want to reconsider one more time. Let me look at all the senses again:

1. reason%1:16:00:: - a rational motive for a belief or action - "the reason that war was declared; the grounds for their declaration"
2. reason%1:10:01:: - an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon - "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly"
3. reason%1:09:00:: - the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination
4. reason%1:26:00:: - the state of having good sense and sound judgment
5. reason%1:10:00:: - a justification for something existing or happening - "he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice"
6. reason%1:09:01:: - a fact that logically justifies some premise or conclusion - "there is reason to believe he is lying"

The context: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..."

This is explaining why they don't want to. The structure "the reason [X] is that [Y]" is providing an explanation.

Sense 2's example has the exact same structure: "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly"

Sense 1's example is "the reason that war was declared" - this doesn't have the "is that" explanatory structure.

Sense 5's examples are "he had no cause to complain; they had good reason to rejoice" - these use "reason" differently, more like "justification."

I'm confident that sense 2 is the best fit based on the structural parallel with the example and the definition "an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon."

Final answer: sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: want
Target surface form: want
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not <t>want</t> to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=want%2:37:00:: | definition=feel or have a desire for; want strongly | synonyms=desire | examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room
2. sense_key=want%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=need, require | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner
3. sense_key=want%2:35:00:: | definition=hunt or look for; want for a particular reason | examples=Your former neighbor is wanted by the FBI; Uncle Sam wants you
4. sense_key=want%2:31:01:: | definition=wish or demand the presence of | examples=I want you here at noon!
5. sense_key=want%2:42:01:: | definition=be without, lack; be deficient in | examples=want courtesy; want the strength to go on living

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "want" in the context: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..."

The phrase is "we do not want to" - meaning we do not desire to (teach our children effectively). This is about feeling or having a desire for something.

Sense 1: feel or have a desire for; want strongly - synonyms=desire - examples=I want to go home now; I want my own room

This fits perfectly. "We do not want to" means we do not desire to.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that <t>effective</t> education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "effective" in the context: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..."

Here, "effective education" means education that actually works, that produces the intended result (teaching children to read, write, and reckon).

Sense 1: "producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect" with examples including "effective teaching methods" - this fits very well. The context is about education that would actually produce results (teaching children to read, write, and reckon).

Sense 2: "able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively" with synonyms like "efficient" and examples about "effective persons" and "effective personnel" - this is more about people being competent/efficient.

Sense 3: "works well as a means or remedy" - more specific to remedies/lotions.

The phrase "effective education" aligns closely with "effective teaching methods" in sense 1. The context is about education that produces the intended result (children learning to read, write, and reckon).

Sense 1 is the best fit.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective <t>education</t> would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "education" in the context: "And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..."
Context analysis: The text talks about teaching children to read, write, and reckon. "Effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs...". "Education" here refers to the activities of educating or instructing, or the process. Let's look at the candidate senses.
1. education%1:04:00:: | the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (instruction, teaching, pedagogy)
2. education%1:09:00:: | knowledge acquired by learning and instruction
3. education%1:09:01:: | the gradual process of acquiring knowledge
4. education%1:04:01:: | the profession of teaching
5. education%1:07:01:: | the result of good upbringing
6. education%1:14:00:: | the United States federal department

"effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs"
Is "education" here the activities of educating (Sense 1) or the gradual process of acquiring knowledge (Sense 3)?
"effective education" = effective teaching/instructing. Since the text starts with "Why can not we teach our children to read, write and reckon?", it's about the act or process of teaching.
Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill". Example: "he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed". Wait, if "education" is the activities, "effective activities of educating would require us to..."
Sense 3: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge". Example: "education is a preparation for life".
Actually, "effective education" fits "the activities of educating or instructing" perfectly. Or it could be the process.
Let's re-read sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill".
Let's re-read sense 3: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge".
The text says "effective education would require us to...". If "education" is an activity, it requires us to do something. The author says "we do not want to [teach our children]... effective education would require us to...".
Also, Sense 1 has synonym "instruction, teaching, pedagogy". "effective teaching would require us to..." makes sense.
Let's check WordNet 3.0 senses for "education".
Noun
1: the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill; "he received no formal education"; "our instruction was carefully programmed"; "good teaching is seldom rewarded"
2: knowledge acquired by learning and instruction; "it was clear that he had a very broad education"
3: the gradual process of acquiring knowledge; "education is a preparation for life"; "a girl's education was less important than a boy's"
4: the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university); "he prepared for teaching while still in college"; "most graduates have some education concerning teaching they did not learn in college"
5: the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior); "a woman of breeding and refinement"
6: the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979

In the context, "Why can not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? ... effective education would require us to..." -> "education" here refers to the activities of educating or instructing, or the system of doing it. So Sense 1 fits perfectly because "education" refers to the act/process of educating (as a system or activity) which is "effective" or not. "Effective teaching/instruction" fits Sense 1.

Wait, is it sense 3? "gradual process of acquiring knowledge"? "Effective process of acquiring knowledge would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature". This also makes sense. But the paragraph talks about the educational establishment, politicians, parents not wanting to teach. It is about the activity/system of education. Sense 1 (instruction, teaching, pedagogy, educational activity). The text mentions "educational establishment". This points to Sense 1 or 4. Sense 4 is the profession. Sense 1 is the activity. "effective education" refers to the activity of educating effectively. I'll bet on Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: require
Target surface form: require
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would <t>require</t> us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=require%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=require%2:32:01:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=require%2:32:00:: | definition=make someone do something | synonyms=command
4. sense_key=require%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, need | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "require" in the context: "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..."

Let's analyze the senses:
1. sense_key=require%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
2. sense_key=require%2:32:01:: | definition=consider obligatory; request and expect | synonyms=ask, expect | examples=We require our secretary to be on time; Aren't we asking too much of these children?
3. sense_key=require%2:32:00:: | definition=make someone do something | synonyms=command
4. sense_key=require%2:34:00:: | definition=have need of | synonyms=want, need | examples=This piano wants the attention of a competent tuner

The context says: "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..."

"require us to" - this structure closely matches sense 2: "We require our secretary to be on time" or "Aren't we asking too much of these children?" where someone is being required to do something.

Wait, but let's think about this more carefully. "Effective education would require us to relinquish..." This means effective education would necessitate that we relinquish some beliefs.

Sense 1 is about "require as useful, just, or proper" - like "success usually requires hard work." In this sense, the subject (success/effective education) necessitates the object (hard work/relinquishing beliefs).

Sense 2 is "consider obligatory; request and expect" - "We require our secretary to be on time." Here, the subject is the one doing the requiring/demanding.

In our context, "effective education would require us to relinquish..." - effective education is the subject, and it would require us to do something. This is similar to "success usually requires hard work" - effective education necessitates relinquishing beliefs. But it also has the structure "require someone to do something."

Let me reconsider. In "success usually requires hard work," success is the thing that demands hard work. In "effective education would require us to relinquish beliefs," effective education is the thing that demands us to relinquish beliefs. This is closer to sense 1 (necessitate, involve, need).

But wait - sense 1's examples don't have the "require someone to do something" structure. They have "It takes nerve" and "success requires hard work."

Sense 2's examples: "We require our secretary to be on time" - this is an active agent requiring someone to do something.
"Aren't we asking too much of these children?" - same structure.

Our context: "effective education would require us to relinquish..." - effective education is not a person making a demand. It's more like "effective education would necessitate/involve us relinquishing..." This is closer to sense 1.

Actually, let me reconsider. "Effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs" - this could be read as "effective education would necessitate/involve us relinquishing beliefs" (sense 1) or "effective education would demand that we relinquish beliefs" (sense 2 or 3).

I think sense 1 is the best fit. The meaning is that effective education would necessitate/involve the relinquishing of beliefs. This is the "necessitate" sense, where the subject (effective education) requires something (relinquishing beliefs) as a necessary condition.

Actually, I'm now second-guessing myself. Let me look at this more carefully.

Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper" with synonyms necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve. Examples: "success usually requires hard work." This is about something being necessary for something else.

Sense 2: "consider obligatory; request and expect" with synonyms ask, expect. Examples: "We require our secretary to be on time." This is about someone demanding/expecting someone to do something.

Our context: "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs..."

This could go either way:
- Sense 1: Effective education would necessitate us relinquishing beliefs (involves, needs)
- Sense 2: Effective education would demand/expect us to relinquish beliefs

I think the key distinction is whether "require" here means "necessitate/involve" (sense 1) or "demand/expect" (sense 2 or 3).

"Effective education would require us to relinquish..." - I think this is saying that effective education would necessitate/involve relinquishing beliefs. It's saying that relinquishing beliefs is a necessary condition for effective education. This is sense 1.

But I could also see it as sense 3: "make someone do something" - effective education would make us relinquish beliefs.

Hmm, let me think about the synonyms again:
- Sense 1: necessitate, ask, postulate, need, take, involve
- Sense 2: ask, expect
- Sense 3: command
- Sense 4: want, need

The structure "require us to do something" is similar to sense 2's example "We require our secretary to be on time." But in sense 2, the subject is an agent (We) who is doing the requiring. In our context, the subject is "effective education," which is not an agent making demands - it's a concept/thing that necessitates certain actions.

Actually, re-reading sense 2's definition: "consider obligatory; request and expect" - this implies an active agent doing the considering/requesting. "Effective education" doesn't "consider" things obligatory or "request and expect" things.

Sense 1: "require as useful, just, or proper" - this is more about necessity. Effective education requires (necessitates, involves, needs) us to relinquish beliefs. This fits better.

I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: relinquish
Target surface form: relinquish
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to <t>relinquish</t> some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:01:: | definition=part with a possession or right | synonyms=release, resign, free, give up | examples=I am relinquishing my bedroom to the long-term house guest; resign a claim to the throne
2. sense_key=relinquish%2:41:00:: | definition=do without or cease to hold or adhere to | synonyms=waive, forgo, forego, foreswear, dispense with | examples=We are dispensing with formalities; relinquish the old ideas
3. sense_key=relinquish%2:40:00:: | definition=turn away from; give up | synonyms=foreswear, renounce, quit | examples=I am foreswearing women forever
4. sense_key=relinquish%2:35:02:: | definition=release, as from one's grip | synonyms=let go of, let go, release | examples=Let go of the door handle, please!; relinquish your grip on the rope--you won't fall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "relinquish" in the context: "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature..."
The object being relinquished is "some cherished metaphysical beliefs."
Sense 1: part with a possession or right (e.g., bedroom, claim to throne).
Sense 2: do without or cease to hold or adhere to (e.g., dispensing with formalities; relinquish the old ideas).
Sense 3: turn away from; give up (e.g., foreswearing women forever).
Sense 4: release, as from one's grip (e.g., door handle, rope).

"Relinquish the old ideas" in Sense 2 fits perfectly with "relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs." Metaphysical beliefs are akin to ideas, which one ceases to hold or adhere to.
Sense 2 is the best fit.

Checking synonyms for Sense 2: waive, forgo, forego, foreswear, dispense with.
Checking definition for Sense 2: do without or cease to hold or adhere to.
The context talks about relinquishing beliefs. Beliefs are things you hold or adhere to. So Sense 2 perfectly matches "cease to hold or adhere to".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical <t>beliefs</t> about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "beliefs" in the context: "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature" and "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment...".
Sense 1: any cognitive content held as true.
Sense 2: a vague idea in which some confidence is placed (synonyms: impression, feeling, notion, opinion).

"Metaphysical beliefs" are firmly held cognitive content about the nature of reality (human nature), not vague ideas or impressions. They are "cherished" and "dominate" institutions. Sense 1 fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: young
Target surface form: young
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of <t>young</t> people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=young%3:00:00:: | definition=(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people
2. sense_key=young%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=new | examples=new potatoes; young corn
3. sense_key=young%5:00:01:young:00 | definition=suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh | synonyms=youthful, vernal | examples=he is young for his age
4. sense_key=young%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=being in its early stage | examples=a young industry; the day is still young
5. sense_key=young%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=not tried or tested by experience | synonyms=unseasoned, untested, untried | examples=unseasoned artillery volunteers; still untested in battle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "young" in the context "the human nature of young people in particular".
The context refers to "young people", specifically children/young people in an educational context.
Sense 1: (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth | synonyms=immature | examples=young people.
This perfectly matches "young people" in the context of education and human nature.

Let's check the other senses:
Sense 2: crops harvested early.
Sense 3: suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh.
Sense 4: being in its early stage (e.g., young industry).
Sense 5: not tried or tested by experience.

Sense 1 is exactly the right one. The text says "young people", which matches the example in Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: people
Target surface form: people
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young <t>people</t> in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=people%1:14:00:: | definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people; there were at least 200 people in the audience
2. sense_key=people%1:14:01:: | definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | synonyms=citizenry | examples=the Spanish people
3. sense_key=people%1:14:02:: | definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations; are your people still alive?
4. sense_key=people%1:14:03:: | definition=the common people generally | synonyms=multitude, masses, mass, hoi polloi, the great unwashed | examples=separate the warriors from the mass; power to the people

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "people" in the context: "young people".
The phrase is "young people in particular".
The context talks about "our children", "human nature in general", "the human nature of young people".
Here, "young people" refers to any group of human beings (children) collectively, or just human beings in general in this plural form.
Let's look at the senses:
1. (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively (e.g., old people)
2. the body of citizens of a state or country (e.g., the Spanish people)
3. members of a family line
4. the common people generally

The phrase "young people" matches perfectly with sense 1 (e.g., "old people"). It simply refers to human beings collectively, specifically the young ones.
Thus, sense_index 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violate
Target surface form: violate
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to <t>violate</t> some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violate%2:42:00:: | definition=fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns | synonyms=go against, break | examples=This sentence violates the rules of syntax
2. sense_key=violate%2:41:00:: | definition=act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises | synonyms=transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break | examples=offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization
3. sense_key=violate%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy | examples=Don't violate my garden; violate my privacy
4. sense_key=violate%2:41:02:: | definition=violate the sacred character of a place or language | synonyms=desecrate, profane, outrage | examples=desecrate a cemetery; violate the sanctity of the church
5. sense_key=violate%2:41:01:: | definition=force (someone) to have sex against their will | synonyms=rape, ravish, assault, dishonor, dishonour, outrage | examples=The woman was raped on her way home at night
6. sense_key=violate%2:35:01:: | definition=destroy and strip of its possession | synonyms=rape, spoil, despoil, plunder | examples=The soldiers raped the beautiful country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "violate" in the context: "to violate some cherished vested interests."
The context says: "effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs... as well as to violate some cherished vested interests."
Here, "violate" means to go against or disregard these "vested interests". It means acting against them, breaching them, or failing to agree with them.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violate%2:42:00:: | fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns | synonyms=go against, break | examples=This sentence violates the rules of syntax
2. sense_key=violate%2:41:00:: | act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises | synonyms=transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break | examples=offend all laws of humanity; violate the basic laws or human civilization

Wait, "vested interests" are not rules or patterns in the grammatical sense, but "vested interests" are often associated with established rights or claims.
Sense 1 is about failing to agree with rules or patterns.
Sense 2 is about acting in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises. "Vested interests" can be seen as claims, rights, contracts, or similar to "rules or contracts".
Let's re-read carefully: "to violate some cherished vested interests"
Actually, "vested interests" are groups of people who have an established privilege. To violate their interests means to go against them, act in disregard of them.
Sense 2's definition: "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises". This fits well with going against the established interests (vested interests).
Sense 1's definition: "fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns". This fits things like syntax.

Let's see the context again. "to violate some cherished vested interests". Here, it means to act against them, or break them.
Could it be Sense 2? "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises" - acting against "vested interests".
"vested interests" - people or groups with established rights or privileges. Disregarding them is acting in disregard of something like contracts or rules.
Could it be Sense 1? "fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns" - violating rules/patterns.
"violate" in "violate some cherished vested interests" is more about offending or breaching an agreement or a right.
Actually, the difference between Sense 1 and Sense 2:
Sense 1: violation of rules or patterns (e.g., syntax).
Sense 2: act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises. (e.g., offend all laws of humanity).
"Vested interests" might be closer to contracts or established rights. So Sense 2 is more appropriate.
Let's check Sense 2: "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises" synonyms: transgress, offend, infract, go against, breach, break. Examples: offend all laws of humanity. "violating cherished vested interests" fits "go against" or "breach".
Sense 1: "fail to agree with; be in violation of; as of rules or patterns" synonyms: go against, break. Examples: This sentence violates the rules of syntax.
Since "vested interests" are not rules or patterns, Sense 1 is less likely. Sense 2 deals with laws, rules, contracts, or promises, which "vested interests" fall under as a type of claim or contract.
Wait, what about "violate the sanctity of..."? No, that's Sense 4.

Let's consider "vested interests". A vested interest is a right or title.
"to violate some cherished vested interests" means to go against them, breach them, or act in disregard of them.
Sense 2: "act in disregard of laws, rules, contracts, or promises"
I will choose Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: belief
Target surface form: beliefs
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These <t>beliefs</t> so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=belief%1:09:00:: | definition=any cognitive content held as true
2. sense_key=belief%1:09:01:: | definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | synonyms=impression, feeling, notion, opinion | examples=his impression of her was favorable; what are your feelings about the crisis?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "beliefs" in the context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Sense 1: any cognitive content held as true
Sense 2: a vague idea in which some confidence is placed (synonyms: impression, feeling, notion, opinion)

The context refers to "cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature" that "so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents." These are not vague ideas or impressions; they are deeply held cognitive content held as true, dominating institutions. Sense 1 is the better fit.

provider: Novita


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: so
Target surface form: so
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs <t>so</t> dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=so%4:02:02:: | definition=to a very great extent or degree | examples=the idea is so obvious; never been so happy
2. sense_key=so%4:02:06:: | definition=in a manner that facilitates | examples=he observed the snakes so he could describe their behavior; he stooped down so he could pick up his hat
3. sense_key=so%4:02:05:: | definition=in such a condition or manner, especially as expressed or implied | examples=They're happy and I hope they will remain so; so live your life that old age will bring no regrets
4. sense_key=so%4:02:07:: | definition=to a certain unspecified extent or degree | examples=I can only go so far with this student; can do only so much in a day
5. sense_key=so%4:02:08:: | definition=in the same way; also | examples=I was offended and so was he; worked hard and so did she
6. sense_key=so%4:02:04:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thus, thusly | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus
7. sense_key=so%4:02:03:: | definition=(usually followed by `that') to an extent or degree as expressed | examples=he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells
8. sense_key=so%4:02:09:: | definition=subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors) | synonyms=then, and so, and then | examples=then he left; go left first, then right
9. sense_key=so%4:02:10:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, thus | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
10. sense_key=so%4:02:00:: | definition=in truth (often tends to intensify) | synonyms=indeed | examples=they said the car would break down and indeed it did; it is very cold indeed

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "so" in the context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

The structure here is "so [verb] that [result]", which matches sense 7: "(usually followed by `that`) to an extent or degree as expressed" with examples like "he was so tired he could hardly stand; so dirty that it smells".

The sentence clearly uses "so...that" construction: "These beliefs so dominate... that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

So the answer is sense_index 7.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: educational
Target surface form: educational
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our <t>educational</t> establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=educational%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to the process of education | examples=educational psychology
2. sense_key=educational%5:00:00:instructive:00 | definition=providing knowledge | examples=an educational film

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "educational" is used in the phrase "educational establishment." This refers to the system/institutions related to education, i.e., relating to the process of education. This matches sense 1 (relating to the process of education), with example "educational psychology."

Sense 2 is about providing knowledge (like an educational film), which doesn't fit here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational <t>establishment</t>, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Here, "educational establishment" refers to the people and institutions that make up the educational system - the administrators, committees, departments, etc. It's about the body of people who administer education.

Let me look at the senses:
1. The act of forming something - No, this is a process.
2. An organization founded for a specific purpose - This could fit, but it's more general.
3. The persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something - This fits well. "Educational establishment" refers to the people and bodies that administer education.
4. A public or private structure including buildings - No.
5. Any large organization - Too general.
6. Ecology - No.
7. Cognitive process - No.

The phrase "educational establishment" typically refers to the collective body of people and institutions that control or administer education. This aligns best with sense 3 - "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something."

Actually, let me reconsider. "Educational establishment" could also be sense 2 - "an organization founded and united for a specific purpose" or sense 5 - "any large organization." But the context says "these beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians" - here "establishment" is being used to refer to the collective body of people/institutions that run education, similar to how "the establishment" refers to the prevailing power structure.

Sense 3 with synonyms like "administration, governance, governing body, organization" and the example "he claims that the present administration is corrupt" fits well. The "educational establishment" is the governing body/administration of education.

I'll go with sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: politician
Target surface form: politicians
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our <t>politicians</t>, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=politician%1:18:01:: | definition=a leader engaged in civil administration
2. sense_key=politician%1:18:00:: | definition=a person active in party politics | synonyms=politico, pol, political leader
3. sense_key=politician%1:18:02:: | definition=a schemer who tries to gain advantage in an organization in sly or underhanded ways

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context mentions "politicians" alongside "educational establishment," "media," and "parents" as groups that hold certain beliefs. This refers to people active in politics as a general group, not specifically civil administrators or schemers. The sense "a person active in party politics" fits best.

Sense 2: politician%1:18:00:: | definition=a person active in party politics | synonyms=politico, pol, political leader

This is the standard, neutral sense of "politician" as a person involved in politics.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: even
Target surface form: even
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and <t>even</t> our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=even%4:02:00:: | definition=used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected | examples=even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea
2. sense_key=even%4:02:03:: | definition=in spite of; notwithstanding | examples=even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him
3. sense_key=even%4:02:01:: | definition=to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons | synonyms=yet, still | examples=looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem
4. sense_key=even%4:02:04:: | definition=to the full extent | examples=loyal even unto death

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "even" in the context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Let's look at the senses:
1. used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected. Examples: even an idiot knows that; declined even to consider the idea.
2. in spite of; notwithstanding. Examples: even when he is sick, he works; even with his head start she caught up with him.
3. to a greater degree or extent; used with comparisons. Examples: looked sick and felt even worse; an even (or still) more interesting problem.
4. to the full extent. Examples: loyal even unto death.

In the context, "even our parents" is an intensive emphasizing that the beliefs dominate not just the usual suspects (educational establishment, media, politicians) but also, unexpectedly or surprisingly, "our parents". This aligns with sense 1: "used as an intensive especially to indicate something unexpected". "Our parents" being included in the list of dominated entities is the unexpected part, similar to "even an idiot knows that" or "even to consider the idea".

Wait, could it be "to the full extent"? No, "to the full extent" usually goes with "even unto death".
Could it be "in spite of"? No, there's no "even though" or "even with" construction here.
Could it be "to a greater degree"? No, there's no comparison (like "worse" or "more interesting").

So it is clearly sense 1.
</context>
<sense_index> 1 </sense_index>


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: parent
Target surface form: parents
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our <t>parents</t> that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=parent%1:18:00:: | definition=a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian
2. sense_key=parent%1:03:00:: | definition=an organism (plant or animal) from which younger ones are obtained

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context discusses education, children, and parents in the context of schooling and raising children. The word "parents" refers to fathers or mothers who raise children. This matches sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: seem
Target surface form: seems
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it <t>seems</t> almost blasphemous to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=seem%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, appear | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=seem%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=appear | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
3. sense_key=seem%2:42:00:: | definition=appear to exist | examples=There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now
4. sense_key=seem%2:39:02:: | definition=appear to one's own mind or opinion | examples=I seem to be misunderstood by everyone; I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "seems" in the context: "These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Let's analyze the context. "It seems almost blasphemous to challenge them." Here, "it" is a dummy subject (anticipatory "it"), and "seems" is followed by an adjective phrase "almost blasphemous". The sentence means: "It appears to be true/apparent that it is almost blasphemous to challenge them."

Let's look at the senses:
1. seem%2:39:00::: give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect (look, appear). Examples: "She seems to be sleeping"; "This appears to be a very difficult problem"
2. seem%2:39:01::: seem to be true, probable, or apparent (appear). Examples: "It seems that he is very gifted"; "It appears that the weather in California is very bad"
3. seem%2:42:00::: appear to exist. Examples: "There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now"
4. seem%2:39:02::: appear to one's own mind or opinion. Examples: "I seem to be misunderstood by everyone"; "I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters"

The context is "it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."
This fits the construction "It seems [adjective phrase]" or "It seems that [clause]".
Sense 2 examples: "It seems that he is very gifted", "It appears that the weather in California is very bad".
Wait, Sense 1 is "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect". "She seems to be sleeping."
"It seems almost blasphemous to challenge them." This means it appears to be true or apparent that it is almost blasphemous.
Is it Sense 1 or 2?
Let's consider the meaning. "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" vs "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect".
In "it seems almost blasphemous", the dummy "it" doesn't have an outward aspect. It's more about the appearance of truth or probability.
Wait, Sense 1 has the example "This appears to be a very difficult problem". Sense 2 has "It seems that...".
Let's check the syntactic frame: "It seems [adjective]" -> "It seems almost blasphemous".
Sense 1 is often used with an outward aspect of a specific subject: "She seems to be sleeping", "This seems to be a very difficult problem."
Sense 2 is often used with impersonal "it": "It seems that..."
"It seems almost blasphemous to challenge them" is closer to "It appears to be true/apparent that it is almost blasphemous".

Let's check WordNet 3.0 for "seem":
Verb Senses:
1. seem, appear, look -- give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect; "She seems to be sleeping"; "This appears to be a very difficult problem"; "This looks like a very difficult problem"; "They look like they are sleeping"
2. appear, seem -- seem to be true, probable, or apparent; "It seems that he is very gifted"; "It appears that the weather in California is very bad"
3. seem -- appear to exist; "There seems no reason to go ahead with the project now"
4. seem -- appear to one's own mind or opinion; "I seem to be misunderstood by everyone"; "I can't seem to learn these Chinese characters"

"It seems almost blasphemous to challenge them" fits Sense 2 better. The dummy "it" is the subject, similar to "It seems that...". Or wait, "It seems [adjective]" might be Sense 2, as in "It seems probable", "It seems apparent". Sense 2 is "seem to be true, probable, or apparent". "Blasphemous" is an adjective describing how the act of challenging them appears.

Let's look at Sense 1: "give a certain impression". "She seems to be sleeping" - she gives the impression of sleeping.
Does "it" give an impression of being blasphemous? "It seems almost blasphemous" can be interpreted as "It gives the impression of being almost blasphemous". However, "blasphemous" is not an outward aspect, it's a judgment. So Sense 2 "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" is a better fit. "It seems apparent/true that challenging them is almost blasphemous."

Let's re-read the examples for Sense 2: "It seems that he is very gifted" -> "It seems that it is almost blasphemous..."
Wait, if the structure is "It seems [adjective]", does it map to Sense 2?
Yes, "It seems probable", "It seems true", "It seems apparent", etc. "Blasphemous" is an evaluative adjective. The fact that it is blasphemous seems to be true or apparent.

Let me double check the examples.
Sense 1: She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem.
Sense 2: It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad.

The dummy "it" as subject points heavily to Sense 2.
I will go with Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: blasphemous
Target surface form: blasphemous
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost <t>blasphemous</t> to challenge them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=blasphemous%5:00:00:irreverent:00 | definition=grossly irreverent toward what is held to be sacred | synonyms=profane, sacrilegious | examples=blasphemous rites of a witches' Sabbath; profane utterances against the Church
2. sense_key=blasphemous%5:00:00:dirty:02 | definition=characterized by profanity or cursing | synonyms=blue, profane | examples=foul-mouthed and blasphemous; blue language

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about challenging cherished metaphysical beliefs that dominate educational establishment, media, politicians, and parents. It says it seems "almost blasphemous to challenge them." This is using "blasphemous" in the sense of being grossly irreverent toward what is held sacred - treating these beliefs as if they were sacred, and challenging them is seen as irreverent/sacrilegious.

Sense 1: grossly irreverent toward what is held to be sacred - this fits because the beliefs are treated as sacred, and challenging them is seen as irreverent.

Sense 2: characterized by profanity or cursing - this doesn't fit; there's no cursing involved.

The answer is sense 1.

provider: DeepInfra


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: challenge
Target surface form: challenge
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to <t>challenge</t> them. Here is an example.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=challenge%2:32:01:: | definition=take exception to | synonyms=dispute, gainsay | examples=She challenged his claims
2. sense_key=challenge%2:32:00:: | definition=issue a challenge to | examples=Fischer challenged Spassky to a match
3. sense_key=challenge%2:32:03:: | definition=ask for identification | examples=The illegal immigrant was challenged by the border guard
4. sense_key=challenge%2:32:02:: | definition=raise a formal objection in a court of law | synonyms=take exception

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "challenge" in the context: "it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them."
"Them" refers to "cherished metaphysical beliefs" and "cherished vested interests".
To "challenge" these beliefs means to take exception to them, to dispute them.
Sense 1: "take exception to", synonyms: dispute, gainsay. Examples: She challenged his claims.
Sense 2: "issue a challenge to". Example: Fischer challenged Spassky to a match.
Sense 3: "ask for identification".
Sense 4: "raise a formal objection in a court of law".

Context shows challenging beliefs, which aligns perfectly with sense 1 (dispute, take exception to).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: here
Target surface form: Here
Context:
Why ca not we teach our children to read, write and reckon? It's not that we do not know how to, because we do. It's that we do not want to. And the reason we do not want to is that effective education would require us to relinquish some cherished metaphysical beliefs about human nature in general and the human nature of young people in particular, well as to violate some cherished vested interests. These beliefs so dominate our educational establishment, our media, our politicians, and even our parents that it seems almost blasphemous to challenge them. <t>Here</t> is an example. If I were to ask a sample of American parents, "Do you wish the elementary schools to encourage creativity in your children? "the near-unanimous answer would be, "Yes, of course. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=here%4:02:00:: | definition=in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is | examples=I work here; turn here
2. sense_key=here%4:02:02:: | definition=in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail | examples=what do we have here?; here I must disagree
3. sense_key=here%4:02:01:: | definition=to this place (especially toward the speaker) | synonyms=hither | examples=come here, please
4. sense_key=here%4:02:04:: | definition=at this time; now | examples=we'll adjourn here for lunch and discuss the remaining issues this afternoon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Here" in the context: "Here is an example."
This means "In this circumstance or respect" or "on this point".
Sense 2 fits best: "in this circumstance or respect or on this point or detail".