[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: array
Target surface form: array
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an <t>array</t> of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=array%1:14:00:: | definition=an orderly arrangement | examples=an array of troops in battle order
2. sense_key=array%1:10:00:: | definition=an impressive display | examples=it was a bewildering array of books; his tools were in an orderly array on the basement wall
3. sense_key=array%1:06:01:: | definition=especially fine or decorative clothing | synonyms=raiment, regalia
4. sense_key=array%1:06:00:: | definition=an arrangement of aerials spaced to give desired directional characteristics

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "array" appears in the context: "produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."

Let me analyze the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=array%1:14:00:: | definition=an orderly arrangement | examples=an array of troops in battle order
2. sense_key=array%1:10:00:: | definition=an impressive display | examples=it was a bewildering array of books; his tools were in an orderly array on the basement wall
3. sense_key=array%1:06:01:: | definition=especially fine or decorative clothing | synonyms=raiment, regalia
4. sense_key=array%1:06:00:: | definition=an arrangement of aerials spaced to give desired directional characteristics

In the context, "an array of new strategies" means an impressive display or collection of strategies. The example "it was a bewildering array of books" from sense 2 closely matches the usage here - both refer to a diverse and impressive collection of things.

Sense 1 is about an orderly arrangement (like troops in battle order), which is more literal and physical. Sense 2 is about an impressive display, which fits better with "an array of new strategies" - suggesting a wide and impressive variety of strategies.

Sense 3 is about clothing, and sense 4 is about aerials/antennas. Neither fits.

Between senses 1 and 2, sense 2 seems more appropriate because "an array of new strategies" suggests an impressive display/variety of strategies rather than an orderly physical arrangement. The example "it was a bewildering array of books" is very similar in structure and meaning to "an array of new strategies."

So the answer is sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: new
Target surface form: new
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of <t>new</t> strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=new%3:00:00:: | definition=not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered | examples=a new law; new cars
2. sense_key=new%5:00:00:original:00 | definition=original and of a kind not seen before | synonyms=fresh, novel | examples=the computer produced a completely novel proof of a well-known theorem
3. sense_key=new%5:00:00:inexperienced:00 | definition=lacking training or experience | synonyms=raw | examples=the new men were eager to fight; raw recruits
4. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unprecedented:00 | definition=having no previous example or precedent or parallel | synonyms=unexampled | examples=a time of unexampled prosperity
5. sense_key=new%5:00:00:other:00 | definition=other than the former one(s); different | examples=they now have a new leaders; my new car is four years old but has only 15,000 miles on it
6. sense_key=new%3:00:09:: | definition=unaffected by use or exposure | examples=it looks like new
7. sense_key=new%5:00:02:original:00 | definition=(of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new | synonyms=newfangled | examples=newfangled ideas; she buys all these new-fangled machines and never uses them
8. sense_key=new%5:00:02:late:01 | definition=in use after medieval times | examples=New Eqyptian was the language of the 18th to 21st dynasties
9. sense_key=new%5:00:01:late:01 | definition=used of a living language; being the current stage in its development | synonyms=Modern | examples=Modern English; New Hebrew is Israeli Hebrew
10. sense_key=new%5:00:00:early:02 | definition=(of crops) harvested at an early stage of development; before complete maturity | synonyms=young | examples=new potatoes; young corn
11. sense_key=new%5:00:00:unaccustomed:00 | definition=unfamiliar | examples=new experiences; experiences new to him

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "new" in the context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."

The sentence is about producing an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment. These strategies are coming into being as a result of the emerging understanding. They are not of long duration; they are recently developed or acquired strategies.

Let's look at the senses:
1. not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered
2. original and of a kind not seen before (fresh, novel)
3. lacking training or experience
4. having no previous example or precedent or parallel
5. other than the former one(s); different
6. unaffected by use or exposure
7. (of a new kind or fashion) gratuitously new
8. in use after medieval times
9. used of a living language
10. (of crops) harvested at an early stage
11. unfamiliar

The context mentions "produce an array of new strategies". This means strategies that have just come into being or been made. Sense 1 fits well: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered".

Could it be sense 2? "original and of a kind not seen before". The text says "produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment". It doesn't necessarily emphasize that they are of a completely unprecedented kind, just that they are new (recently developed) strategies. Sense 1 is the most general and common sense for "new" modifying a noun like "strategies" when they are produced by recent discoveries. "New strategies" just means strategies that are newly created.

Wait, look at "new and startling picture" earlier in the text. But the target is "new strategies". "New strategies" are recently developed strategies. Sense 1 seems best.

Let me double check.
Sense 1: "not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered" -> "a new law; new cars"
Sense 2: "original and of a kind not seen before" -> "fresh, novel"

"New strategies" in this context are strategies that are expected to be produced in the future based on new understanding. They will be recently created. Sense 1 fits best.

Index: 1

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: strategy
Target surface form: strategies
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new <t>strategies</t> for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=strategy%1:09:00:: | definition=an elaborate and systematic plan of action | synonyms=scheme
2. sense_key=strategy%1:09:01:: | definition=the branch of military science dealing with military command and the planning and conduct of a war

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about medical scientists and cancer treatment/prevention strategies. These are plans of action, not military strategy.

provider: Ambient


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: future
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for <t>future</t> cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%3:00:00:: | definition=yet to be or coming | examples=some future historian will evaluate him
2. sense_key=future%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=effective in or looking toward the future | examples=he was preparing for future employment opportunities
3. sense_key=future%5:00:00:incoming:00 | definition=(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving | synonyms=next, succeeding | examples=our next president
4. sense_key=future%3:01:00:: | definition=a verb tense or other formation referring to events or states that have not yet happened | examples=future auxiliary

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "future" in the context: "An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention."

Let me analyze the senses:
1. future%3:00:00:: - "yet to be or coming" - examples: "some future historian will evaluate him"
2. future%5:00:00:prospective:00 - "effective in or looking toward the future" - examples: "he was preparing for future employment opportunities"
3. future%5:00:00:incoming:00 - "(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving" - synonyms: next, succeeding - examples: "our next president"
4. future%3:01:00:: - "a verb tense or other formation referring to events or states that have not yet happened" - examples: "future auxiliary"

The context is about "future cancer treatment and prevention" - strategies that will be effective in the future, looking toward the future.

Sense 2 seems most appropriate: "effective in or looking toward the future" with the example "he was preparing for future employment opportunities" which is similar to "strategies for future cancer treatment."

Wait, but sense 1 "yet to be or coming" could also apply. Let me think more carefully.

Sense 1 is an adjective meaning "yet to be or coming" - this is a very general meaning.
Sense 2 is an adjective meaning "effective in or looking toward the future" - this has a more specific connotation of being prospective or anticipated.

"Future cancer treatment and prevention" - this refers to cancer treatment that will exist in the future, treatment that is yet to come.

Looking at the example for sense 2: "he was preparing for future employment opportunities" - this is about preparing for something that will happen in the future.

"Strategies for future cancer treatment" - this is about strategies for cancer treatment that will occur in the future.

Both senses 1 and 2 could apply. However, sense 2's definition "effective in or looking toward the future" with the synonym "prospective" seems to better capture the nuance here. The strategies are being developed in anticipation of future needs, looking toward the future.

Actually, let me reconsider. "Future cancer treatment and prevention" - this simply means cancer treatment and prevention that is yet to come. It's describing something that is in the future. Sense 1 "yet to be or coming" seems to fit this well.

But sense 2's example "he was preparing for future employment opportunities" is quite similar to "strategies for future cancer treatment" - both involve preparation/strategies for something in the future.

The synonym "prospective" for sense 2 suggests it's more about anticipation or looking forward. "Future cancer treatment" is simply treatment that hasn't happened yet - it's yet to be.

I think sense 2 is the better fit because "future" here modifies "cancer treatment and prevention" in a way that suggests these are anticipated or prospective treatments - treatments that we are looking toward and preparing for. The example for sense 2 is very parallel: "preparing for future employment opportunities" vs "strategies for future cancer treatment."

Let me go with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future <t>cancer</t> treatment and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about medical scientists, genes, cell growth, tumors, and cancer treatment/prevention. This clearly refers to the medical disease sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer <t>treatment</t> and prevention. That is for the future.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about medical scientists, cancer, and strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. "Treatment" here refers to medical care or intervention to relieve illness (cancer). This aligns with sense 1: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" with synonym "intervention".

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: future
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the <t>future</t>. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%1:28:00:: | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
2. sense_key=future%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
3. sense_key=future%1:06:00:: | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "future" in the context "That is for the future" refers to the time yet to come. Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: develop
Target surface form: developing
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are <t>developing</t> tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material that withstands all kinds of weather; They developed a new technique
2. sense_key=develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution
3. sense_key=develop%2:30:06:: | definition=gain through experience | synonyms=acquire, evolve | examples=I acquired a strong aversion to television; Children must develop a sense of right and wrong
4. sense_key=develop%2:29:00:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, produce, get, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
5. sense_key=develop%2:42:00:: | definition=come into existence; take on form or shape | synonyms=originate, arise, rise, uprise, spring up, grow | examples=A new religious movement originated in that country; a love that sprang up from friendship
6. sense_key=develop%2:30:04:: | definition=change the use of and make available or usable | synonyms=build up | examples=develop land; The country developed its natural resources
7. sense_key=develop%2:32:00:: | definition=elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses | synonyms=explicate, formulate | examples=Could you develop the ideas in your thesis
8. sense_key=develop%2:31:00:: | definition=create by training and teaching | synonyms=train, prepare, educate | examples=The old master is training world-class violinists; we develop the leaders for the future
9. sense_key=develop%2:30:05:: | definition=be gradually disclosed or unfolded; become manifest | examples=The plot developed slowly
10. sense_key=develop%2:30:00:: | definition=grow, progress, unfold, or evolve through a process of evolution, natural growth, differentiation, or a conducive environment | examples=A flower developed on the branch; The country developed into a mighty superpower
11. sense_key=develop%2:30:09:: | definition=become technologically advanced | synonyms=modernize, modernise | examples=Many countries in Asia are now developing at a very fast pace; Viet Nam is modernizing rapidly
12. sense_key=develop%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to grow and differentiate in ways conforming to its natural development | synonyms=make grow | examples=The perfect climate here develops the grain; He developed a new kind of apple
13. sense_key=develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
14. sense_key=develop%2:30:10:: | definition=grow emotionally or mature | synonyms=grow | examples=The child developed beautifully in her new kindergarten; When he spent a summer at camp, the boy grew noticeably and no longer showed some of his old adolescent behavior
15. sense_key=develop%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible by means of chemical solutions | examples=Please develop this roll of film for me
16. sense_key=develop%2:35:04:: | definition=superimpose a three-dimensional surface on a plane without stretching, in geometry
17. sense_key=develop%2:33:03:: | definition=move one's pieces into strategically more advantageous positions | examples=Spassky developed quickly
18. sense_key=develop%2:33:02:: | definition=move into a strategically more advantageous position | examples=develop the rook
19. sense_key=develop%2:30:13:: | definition=elaborate by the unfolding of a musical idea and by the working out of the rhythmic and harmonic changes in the theme | examples=develop the melody and change the key
20. sense_key=develop%2:30:03:: | definition=happen | synonyms=break, recrudesce | examples=Report the news as it develops; These political movements recrudesce from time to time
21. sense_key=develop%2:30:12:: | definition=expand in the form of a series | examples=Develop the function in the following form

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "developing" in the context: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

Scientists are creating/making new tests based on the newly identified genes.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation | examples=Her company developed a new kind of building material...; They developed a new technique
2. develop%2:36:00:: | definition=work out | synonyms=evolve, germinate | examples=We have developed a new theory of evolution

"tests" is a product or something new made by the scientists.
"Scientists are developing tests..."
This matches sense 1: "make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation". "They developed a new technique" is a very close example. Tests are techniques/products.

Let's check other senses:
13. develop%2:36:09:: | definition=generate gradually | examples=We must develop more potential customers; develop a market for the new mobile phone
Sense 1 is better. "develop tests" is like "develop a new technique".

Let's check sense 1 again.
sense_key=develop%2:36:01:: | definition=make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation
Yes, "tests" is something new (a product/technique) being made by the scientists.

Let's double check if there's any other relevant sense.
Sense 7: elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses.
Sense 1: make something new, such as a product or a mental or artistic creation.

"Scientists are developing tests" -> making something new (tests).
This fits perfectly with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: base
Target surface form: based
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests <t>based</t> on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context sentence is: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

The target word is "based" (from the lemma "base").
Here, "based on" means the tests are founded on, or use as a basis for, the newly identified genes.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=base%2:31:00:: | definition=use as a basis for; found on | synonyms=establish, ground, found | examples=base a claim on some observation
2. sense_key=base%2:42:04:: | definition=situate as a center of operations | examples=we will base this project in the new lab
3. sense_key=base%2:34:00:: | definition=use (purified cocaine) by burning it and inhaling the fumes | synonyms=free-base

Sense 1 fits perfectly: developing tests *based on* the newly identified genes. It's using the genes as a basis for the tests.
Sense 2 means physically situating something somewhere (like basing a project in a lab).
Sense 3 is about freebasing cocaine.

So the correct sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: identify
Target surface form: identified
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly <t>identified</t> genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=identify%2:31:00:: | definition=recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something | synonyms=place | examples=She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster
2. sense_key=identify%2:32:00:: | definition=give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=name | examples=Many senators were named in connection with the scandal; The almanac identifies the auspicious months
3. sense_key=identify%2:31:04:: | definition=consider (oneself) as similar to somebody else | examples=He identified with the refugees
4. sense_key=identify%2:31:03:: | definition=conceive of as united or associated | examples=Sex activity is closely identified with the hypothalamus
5. sense_key=identify%2:31:01:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe, name
6. sense_key=identify%2:31:02:: | definition=consider to be equal or the same | examples=He identified his brother as one of the fugitives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about medical scientists uncovering genes and developing tests based on "newly identified genes". This means the genes have been discovered and recognized/identified.

Sense 1: "recognize as being; establish the identity of someone or something" - examples: She identified the man on the 'wanted' poster
Sense 5: "identify as in botany or biology, for example" - synonyms: discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe, name

The context is about scientific discovery of genes. Sense 5 specifically mentions biology and has synonyms like "discover" which fits well with scientists uncovering/identifying genes. The genes were newly discovered and identified in a scientific context.

Sense 5 seems the best fit because it's about scientific identification in biology.

provider: Inceptron


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: first
Target surface form: first
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the <t>first</t> time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=first%3:00:00:: | definition=preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples=the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. sense_key=first%5:00:00:ordinal:00 | definition=indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms=1st
3. sense_key=first%5:00:02:opening:00 | definition=serving to set in motion | synonyms=inaugural, initiative, initiatory, maiden | examples=the magazine's inaugural issue; the initiative phase in the negotiations
4. sense_key=first%5:00:01:opening:00 | definition=serving to begin | synonyms=beginning | examples=the beginning canto of the poem; the first verse
5. sense_key=first%5:00:00:best:00 | definition=ranking above all others | synonyms=foremost, world-class | examples=was first in her class; the foremost figure among marine artists
6. sense_key=first%3:00:03:: | definition=highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections | examples=first soprano; the first violin section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "first" in the phrase "for the first time".
The context: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
The phrase "for the first time" means it's the initial time this has happened.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. preceding all others in time or space or degree | examples: the first house on the right; the first day of spring
2. indicating the beginning unit in a series | synonyms: 1st
3. serving to set in motion
4. serving to begin
5. ranking above all others
6. highest in pitch or chief among parts

The phrase "for the first time" relates to time, meaning preceding all other times. This corresponds to sense 1: "preceding all others in time or space or degree". Wait, let's look at "indicating the beginning unit in a series" (sense 2). "the first time" means the initial occurrence in a series of times? But "for the first time" is an idiom. Usually, it aligns with "preceding all others in time".
Let's check sense 1 vs sense 4. "serving to begin" (examples: the first verse). "first time" is not serving to begin, but referring to the time itself preceding all other times.

In WordNet, "first" as an adjective:
Sense 1: preceding all others in time or space or degree (e.g., the first day of spring)
Sense 2: indicating the beginning unit in a series (e.g., 1st)

"for the first time" -> it's an idiom, but analyzing "first": it means preceding all others in time.
Therefore, sense 1 seems the most appropriate.

Let's verify.
Context: "for the first time"
Sense 1 definition: preceding all others in time or space or degree.
Examples: the first day of spring.
This matches the temporal sense perfectly.

Sense 2 definition: indicating the beginning unit in a series. Example: 1st.
"first time" is not strictly "the beginning unit in a series". But maybe? No, sense 1 covers "the first time" because it's about time.

Let's pick sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first <t>time</t>, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target is "time" in the phrase "for the first time".
Let's look at the context: "Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first <t>time</t>, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
This means "the first instance or single occasion" of predicting.
Let's evaluate the senses.
Sense 1: an instance or single occasion for some event. Synonyms: clip. Examples: this time he succeeded; he called four times. "for the first time" fits perfectly here as an instance of an event occurring.
Sense 2: a period of time considered as a resource...
Sense 3: an indefinite period...
Sense 4: a suitable moment...
Sense 5: the continuum of experience...
Sense 6: a person's experience...
Sense 7: a reading of a point in time...
Sense 8: the fourth coordinate...
Sense 9: rhythm...
Sense 10: the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned...

"For the first time" means "for the first instance". So sense 1 is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: otherwise
Target surface form: otherwise
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an <t>otherwise</t> healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=otherwise%4:02:01:: | definition=in other respects or ways | examples=he is otherwise normal; the funds are not otherwise available
2. sense_key=otherwise%4:02:03:: | definition=in another and different manner | synonyms=differently, other than | examples=very soon you will know differently; she thought otherwise

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "otherwise" in the phrase "an otherwise healthy individual."

Context: "can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

Meaning: The individual is healthy in all other respects, but might be likely to get cancer.
This matches sense 1: "in other respects or ways" with examples like "he is otherwise normal."

Sense 2 is "in another and different manner" (differently), which doesn't fit here.

So the answer is sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: healthy
Target surface form: healthy
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise <t>healthy</t> individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=healthy%3:00:00:: | definition=having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease | examples=a rosy healthy baby; staying fit and healthy
2. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:sound:00 | definition=financially secure and functioning well | examples=a healthy economy
3. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:wholesome:00 | definition=promoting health; healthful; ; ; ; ; - C.B.Davis | synonyms=salubrious, good for you | examples=a healthy diet; clean healthy air
4. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:reasonable:00 | definition=exercising or showing good judgment | synonyms=intelligent, levelheaded, sound | examples=healthy scepticism; a healthy fear of rattlesnakes
5. sense_key=healthy%5:00:00:considerable:00 | definition=large in amount or extent or degree | synonyms=goodly, goodish, hefty, respectable, sizable, sizeable | examples=it cost a considerable amount; a goodly amount

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "healthy" appears in the phrase "otherwise healthy individual."
 The context is about medical scientists discovering genes related to cancer. They can predict whether an "otherwise healthy individual" is likely to get cancer.
 Here, "healthy" means free from disease or infirmity (in this case, specifically free from cancer, since the sentence talks about whether they are "likely to get cancer" in the future).
 Sense 1: "having or indicating good health in body or mind; free from infirmity or disease" fits perfectly. An "otherwise healthy individual" means a person who does not currently have the disease (cancer) being discussed.
 Sense 2 is financially secure.
 Sense 3 is promoting health (like a healthy diet).
 Sense 4 is showing good judgment.
 Sense 5 is large in amount.
 So Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: individual
Target surface form: individual
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy <t>individual</t> is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=individual%1:03:00:: | definition=a human being | synonyms=person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul | examples=there was too much for one person to do
2. sense_key=individual%1:18:00:: | definition=a single organism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "individual" in the context: "can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

Sense 1: a human being (synonyms: person, someone, somebody, mortal, soul)
Sense 2: a single organism

The context is about medical science predicting whether a healthy "individual" will get cancer. While "individual" could refer to any organism, the context of cancer treatment, healthy individuals, and the general framing clearly points to human beings. The phrase "otherwise healthy individual" is commonly used to refer to a person.

Sense 1 (a human being) fits best here. The context is about human cancer patients and predicting cancer in people.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: likely
Target surface form: likely
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is <t>likely</t> to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=likely%3:00:00:: | definition=has a good chance of being the case or of coming about | examples=these services are likely to be available to us all before long; she is likely to forget
2. sense_key=likely%3:00:04:: | definition=likely but not certain to be or become true or real | synonyms=probable | examples=a likely result; he foresaw a probable loss
3. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:prospective:00 | definition=expected to become or be; in prospect | synonyms=potential | examples=potential clients
4. sense_key=likely%5:00:00:credible:00 | definition=within the realm of credibility | examples=not a very likely excuse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "likely" in the context: "predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."

The sentence is about predicting whether someone is likely to get cancer in the future. This means "has a good chance of being the case or of coming about."

Sense 1: "has a good chance of being the case or of coming about" - examples: "these services are likely to be available to us all before long; she is likely to forget"
Sense 2: "likely but not certain to be or become true or real" - synonyms: probable - examples: "a likely result; he foresaw a probable loss"
Sense 3: "expected to become or be; in prospect" - synonyms: potential - examples: "potential clients"
Sense 4: "within the realm of credibility" - examples: "not a very likely excuse"

The phrase "is likely to get cancer" matches the construction in sense 1: "is likely to forget" and "are likely to be available." This is the "likely to [verb]" construction indicating a good chance of something happening.

Sense 2 seems more like an attributive adjective ("a likely result") rather than the predicative construction "likely to [verb]."

So the best sense is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: get
Target surface form: get
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to <t>get</t> cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=get%2:40:00:: | definition=come into the possession of something concrete or abstract | synonyms=acquire | examples=She got a lot of paintings from her uncle; They acquired a new pet
2. sense_key=get%2:30:00:: | definition=enter or assume a certain state or condition | synonyms=become, go | examples=He became annoyed when he heard the bad news; It must be getting more serious
3. sense_key=get%2:30:02:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=let, have | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
4. sense_key=get%2:30:03:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, find, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
5. sense_key=get%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress | synonyms=arrive, come | examples=She arrived home at 7 o'clock; She didn't get to Chicago until after midnight
6. sense_key=get%2:35:03:: | definition=go or come after and bring or take back | synonyms=bring, convey, fetch | examples=Get me those books over there, please; Could you bring the wine?
7. sense_key=get%2:39:00:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, have | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
8. sense_key=get%2:33:00:: | definition=take vengeance on or get even | synonyms=pay back, pay off, fix | examples=We'll get them!; That'll fix him good!
9. sense_key=get%2:40:01:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
10. sense_key=get%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
11. sense_key=get%2:35:09:: | definition=succeed in catching or seizing, especially after a chase | synonyms=catch, capture | examples=We finally got the suspect; Did you catch the thief?
12. sense_key=get%2:29:01:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, produce, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains
13. sense_key=get%2:29:00:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, take | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
14. sense_key=get%2:32:03:: | definition=communicate with a place or person; establish communication with, as if by telephone | examples=Bill called this number and he got Mary; The operator couldn't get Kobe because of the earthquake
15. sense_key=get%2:30:01:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=make | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
16. sense_key=get%2:32:08:: | definition=move into a desired direction of discourse | synonyms=drive, aim | examples=What are you driving at?
17. sense_key=get%2:31:09:: | definition=grasp with the mind or develop an understanding of | synonyms=catch | examples=did you catch that allusion?; We caught something of his theory in the lecture
18. sense_key=get%2:35:00:: | definition=attract and fix | synonyms=catch, arrest | examples=His look caught her; She caught his eye
19. sense_key=get%2:35:10:: | definition=reach with a blow or hit in a particular spot | synonyms=catch | examples=the rock caught her in the back of the head; The blow got him in the back
20. sense_key=get%2:31:03:: | definition=reach by calculation | examples=What do you get when you add up these numbers?
21. sense_key=get%2:40:14:: | definition=acquire as a result of some effort or action | examples=You cannot get water out of a stone; Where did she get these news?
22. sense_key=get%2:40:13:: | definition=purchase | examples=What did you get at the toy store?
23. sense_key=get%2:39:13:: | definition=perceive by hearing | synonyms=catch | examples=I didn't catch your name; She didn't get his name when they met the first time
24. sense_key=get%2:39:09:: | definition=suffer from the receipt of | synonyms=catch | examples=She will catch hell for this behavior!
25. sense_key=get%2:39:14:: | definition=receive as a retribution or punishment | synonyms=receive | examples=He got 5 years in prison
26. sense_key=get%2:38:15:: | definition=leave immediately; used usually in the imperative form | synonyms=scram, buzz off, fuck off, bugger off | examples=Scram!
27. sense_key=get%2:38:12:: | definition=reach and board | examples=She got the bus just as it was leaving
28. sense_key=get%2:37:12:: | definition=irritate | synonyms=get under one's skin | examples=Her childish behavior really get to me; His lying really gets me
29. sense_key=get%2:37:11:: | definition=evoke an emotional response | examples=Brahms's `Requiem' gets me every time
30. sense_key=get%2:36:14:: | definition=apprehend and reproduce accurately | synonyms=catch | examples=She really caught the spirit of the place in her drawings; She got the mood just right in her photographs
31. sense_key=get%2:36:00:: | definition=earn or achieve a base by being walked by the pitcher | synonyms=draw | examples=He drew a base on balls
32. sense_key=get%2:35:12:: | definition=overcome or destroy | examples=The ice storm got my hibiscus; the cat got the goldfish
33. sense_key=get%2:31:10:: | definition=be a mystery or bewildering to | synonyms=perplex, vex, stick, puzzle, mystify, baffle | examples=This beats me!; Got me--I don't know the answer!
34. sense_key=get%2:30:12:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, start out, start, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
35. sense_key=get%2:29:11:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, have | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
36. sense_key=get%2:29:08:: | definition=make children | synonyms=beget, engender, father, mother, sire, generate | examples=Abraham begot Isaac; Men often father children but don't recognize them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "get" in the context: "can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer."
Here, "get cancer" means to contract or develop cancer, i.e., to fall victim to an illness.
Looking at the candidate senses:
13. sense_key=get%2:29:00:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, take | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia
35. sense_key=get%2:29:11:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, have | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
12. sense_key=get%2:29:01:: | definition=come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) | synonyms=grow, develop, produce, acquire | examples=He grew a beard; The patient developed abdominal pains

"Likely to get cancer" means "likely to contract cancer" or "fall victim to cancer."
Sense 13 fits perfectly with "be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness" and the example "He got AIDS".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get <t>cancer</t>. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "cancer" in context refers to the disease — malignant growth caused by abnormal cell division. This matches sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: set
Target surface form: set
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting <t>set</t> of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=set%1:14:00:: | definition=a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used | examples=a set of books; a set of golf clubs
2. sense_key=set%1:14:02:: | definition=(mathematics) an abstract collection of numbers or symbols | examples=the set of prime numbers is infinite
3. sense_key=set%1:04:00:: | definition=several exercises intended to be done in series | synonyms=exercise set | examples=he did four sets of the incline bench press
4. sense_key=set%1:06:00:: | definition=representation consisting of the scenery and other properties used to identify the location of a dramatic production | synonyms=stage set | examples=the sets were meticulously authentic
5. sense_key=set%1:14:01:: | definition=an unofficial association of people or groups | synonyms=circle, band, lot | examples=the smart set goes there; they were an angry lot
6. sense_key=set%1:09:01:: | definition=a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way | synonyms=bent | examples=the set of his mind was obvious
7. sense_key=set%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting something in position | examples=he gave a final set to his hat
8. sense_key=set%1:28:00:: | definition=a unit of play in tennis or squash | examples=they played two sets of tennis after dinner
9. sense_key=set%1:22:00:: | definition=the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization | synonyms=hardening, solidifying, solidification, curing | examples=the hardening of concrete; he tested the set of the glue
10. sense_key=set%1:18:00:: | definition=evil Egyptian god with the head of a beast that has high square ears and a long snout; brother and murderer of Osiris | synonyms=Seth
11. sense_key=set%1:11:00:: | definition=the descent of a heavenly body below the horizon | examples=before the set of sun
12. sense_key=set%1:09:00:: | definition=(psychology) being temporarily ready to respond in a particular way | synonyms=readiness | examples=the subjects' set led them to solve problems the familiar way and to overlook the simpler solution; his instructions deliberately gave them the wrong set
13. sense_key=set%1:06:01:: | definition=any electronic equipment that receives or transmits radio or tv signals | examples=the early sets ran on storage batteries

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein.

Here, "set" refers to a group of things (discoveries) of the same kind that belong together. This matches sense 1: "a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: discovery
Target surface form: discoveries
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of <t>discoveries</t>, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=discovery%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of discovering something | synonyms=find, uncovering
2. sense_key=discovery%1:10:00:: | definition=something that is discovered
3. sense_key=discovery%1:09:00:: | definition=a productive insight | synonyms=breakthrough, find
4. sense_key=discovery%1:10:01:: | definition=(law) compulsory pretrial disclosure of documents relevant to a case; enables one side in a litigation to elicit information from the other side concerning the facts in the case

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "discoveries" in the context: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein...

Let's look at the context. They found genes, uncovered genes. "Scientists say the discovery of these genes..."
The discoveries refer to the genes themselves that were found, or the finding of them?
"It's a super-exciting set of discoveries" - discoveries here are the things that were discovered (the genes, the findings).
Wait, sense 1: the act of discovering something
sense 2: something that is discovered
sense 3: a productive insight (breakthrough, find)

In "set of discoveries", it implies plural things that were discovered.
Wait, sense 3 is "a productive insight" (breakthrough, find). Here they made discoveries about genes. Are these breakthroughs or things that are discovered?
Let's see: "set of discoveries" - discoveries as things discovered. Sense 2: something that is discovered.
Sense 3: breakthrough, find - "a productive insight". For example, "he made a discovery" -> "he made a breakthrough". But the discoveries here are the genes themselves. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries".
Let's check WordNet for "discovery".
1: discovery, find, uncovering (the act of discovering something)
2: discovery (something that is discovered)
3: discovery, breakthrough, find (a productive insight)

In the context of medical research, "discoveries" often refers to breakthroughs or finds (productive insights). But could it be sense 2?
Wait, sense 2: something that is discovered.
Let's consider "a super-exciting set of discoveries". Are the genes themselves "discoveries"? Yes, a discovered gene is "something that is discovered" or "a find". But sense 3 is also "find". Synonyms for sense 3 are "breakthrough, find".
Is it sense 2 or 3?
Often, "discovery" in science means a breakthrough (sense 3). Let's check the examples for sense 3. Often WordNet examples are "the discovery of a new gene" or something.
Wait! Let's look at the text: "Scientists say the discovery of these genes" - here it's the act or the event.
But "a super-exciting set of discoveries" - it's plural things. The discoveries are the newly identified genes.
Let's look at sense 2: something that is discovered.
Let's look at sense 3: a productive insight (synonyms: breakthrough, find). "a productive insight" usually applies to a clever realization. But in science, it can be a discovery.
However, sense 2 "something that is discovered" is broader and fits "set of discoveries" (the genes). Or does "discovery" in scientific context mostly map to sense 3?
Wait, if I look at "discovery of these genes", "discovery" here means the act or the result. "discovery%1:10:00::" is something that is discovered.
Let's consider the phrase "set of discoveries". Discoveries are things.
Actually, let's search for "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries". This is from a news article (likely NYT 1993).
Let's think about "discovery" as "something that is discovered" (sense 2) vs "breakthrough, find" (sense 3).
If it's a breakthrough, it is a productive insight. Are these discoveries breakthroughs? "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box...". These are breakthroughs. But "set of discoveries" could just be sense 2.
Let's check sense 3: "a productive insight". A gene is not an insight. An insight is an understanding. But they say "discovery of these genes". The genes are things discovered. So sense 2.
Wait, sense 3 is "discovery, breakthrough, find". "find" can also mean a thing discovered. Like "a great find". So sense 3 and 2 overlap.
But sense 3 emphasizes "productive insight", often used for abstract discoveries or breakthroughs.
Sense 2 is "something that is discovered". The genes are "something that is discovered". So sense 2.
Let's see if there is a preference in standard WSD datasets (like SemCor).
Often "discovery" meaning a thing discovered is sense 2. "discovery" meaning a breakthrough is sense 3.
In the text: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries" - refers to the genes identified. "Scientists say the discovery of these genes..." - refers to the event of discovering, or the discovery as a thing.
Wait, "discovery of these genes" could be sense 1 (the act of discovering) or sense 2 (something discovered). But the target word is "discoveries" in "set of discoveries".
"It's a super-exciting set of discoveries" -> the genes are the discoveries. They are "something that is discovered". Sense 2.
Let's check if sense 3 is better. Sense 3: "a productive insight". The genes are not insights. The findings about how cancer develops are insights. But "set of discoveries" refers to the genes and their identification. So sense 2 seems better.
Wait, sense 1: the act of discovering something. "set of discoveries" - "discoveries" as events? "a set of acts of discovering"? No, "discoveries" here are the objects (the genes).
So sense 2 fits best.

Let me reconsider sense 3. In WordNet, discovery%1:09:00:: is "a productive insight". Is finding a gene a productive insight? The definition of insight is "clear or deep perception of a situation". A gene is not an insight.
Therefore, sense 2 "something that is discovered" is the most accurate.
Wait, I should check if "discovery" in "set of discoveries" might mean sense 3. If I search for "discovery sense 3 WordNet", it is often used for "Eureka" moments. This text is about finding genes. The genes are the discoveries.
I will go with sense 2.

Let's double check sense 1 vs 2.
"set of discoveries" -> discoveries are things, so sense 2.
If the sentence was "during the discovery of these genes", it would be sense 1.
Here, the discoveries are the findings. "Something that is discovered".
Sense 3: a productive insight (synonyms: breakthrough, find). "find" can be an object. Like "that antique was a great find". So "find" in sense 3 can be an object. But the definition says "a productive insight". Insights are mental.
Actually, sense 3 in WordNet for discovery is: "a productive insight". Synonyms: breakthrough, find.
Sense 2 is: "something that is discovered".
The text says: "discovery of these genes... is painting a new picture...". The discovery of the genes led to an emerging understanding. The discoveries are the genes. So sense 2.

Wait, let's look at the text again:
"It's a super-exciting set of discoveries"
I'll bet on sense 2.
Let's review the options.
1. the act of discovering
2. something that is discovered
3. a productive insight
4. law: compulsory pretrial disclosure

I will output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "<t>says</t> Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "says" in the context: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, " says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher...
Here, "says" is used to introduce a quotation, indicating that Bert Vogelstein is expressing something in words.
Looking at the senses:
1. express in words (state, tell) - "He said that he wanted to marry her" - This is a very general sense of expressing something in words, often used to introduce direct or indirect speech.
2. report or maintain (allege, aver) - "He alleged that he was the victim of a crime" - This implies making a claim, often without proof or as an assertion. While Vogelstein is making a statement, the primary function here is quoting.
8. utter aloud - "She said `Hello' to everyone in the office" - This is close, as it involves uttering a specific phrase.
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare - "I say let's forget this whole business" - This is about expressing an opinion or judgement.
Let's compare 1 and 8.
Sense 8 ("utter aloud") focuses on the physical act of speaking or saying a specific word/phrase ("She said 'Hello'").
Sense 1 ("express in words") is more general and often used for stating something, reporting speech, or giving an account. "He said that he wanted to marry her" introduces reported speech.
In the context, "says" introduces a direct quotation. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries," says Bert Vogelstein.
This fits the pattern of Sense 1: express in words. The synonyms "state" and "tell" fit well. "Scientists say the discovery..." earlier in the text also aligns with "state" or "report".
Actually, let's re-examine Sense 8. "utter aloud" - She said 'Hello'. This often refers to pronouncing specific words.
Sense 1. "express in words" - He said that he wanted to marry her. This is the standard quotative use.
Wait, Sense 1 is defined as "express in words". The example is "He said that he wanted to marry her". This is indirect speech.
Let's look at Sense 8: "utter aloud". The example is "She said `Hello' to everyone in the office". This involves direct quotation.
The context has direct quotation: "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, " says Bert Vogelstein.
However, "express in words" (Sense 1) is the most general and common sense for quotative verbs. But the example for 1 is indirect speech ("said that").
Let's reconsider Sense 1 vs Sense 8.
Often, direct quotation with "said" falls under the general "express in words".
Let's look at the definitions again.
1. express in words
8. utter aloud
"Utter aloud" seems slightly more specific to the physical act or the specific utterance of words.
But "express in words" is the hypernym or the general sense. WordNet sense ordering usually puts the most common/general sense first.
Let's look at the synonyms for 1: state, tell.
In the context "Scientists say the discovery of these genes..." -> Scientists state that...
"..., says Bert Vogelstein" -> ..., states Bert Vogelstein.
This points strongly to Sense 1.
Sense 8 is "utter aloud". Example: "She said `Hello' to everyone in the office". While technically true, "utter aloud" might be too narrow or focused on the vocalization aspect rather than the semantic content being expressed. Sense 1 "express in words" covers the semantic content.
Also, the previous sentence: "Scientists say the discovery..." This is clearly Sense 1 (state/report). The target word "says" is used in a very similar way (attributing a statement).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.
{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: find
Target surface form: found
Context:
Medical scientists are starting to uncover a handful of genes which, if damaged, unleash the chaotic growth of cells that characterizes cancer. Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just <t>found</t> a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=find%2:40:02:: | definition=come upon, as if by accident; meet with | synonyms=happen, chance, bump, encounter | examples=We find this idea in Plato; I happened upon the most wonderful bakery not very far from here
2. sense_key=find%2:39:02:: | definition=discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of | synonyms=detect, observe, discover, notice | examples=She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint
3. sense_key=find%2:40:00:: | definition=come upon after searching; find the location of something that was missed or lost | synonyms=regain | examples=Did you find your glasses?; I cannot find my gloves!
4. sense_key=find%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=determine, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
5. sense_key=find%2:31:10:: | definition=come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds | synonyms=feel | examples=I feel that he doesn't like me; I find him to be obnoxious
6. sense_key=find%2:39:01:: | definition=perceive or be contemporaneous with | synonyms=witness, see | examples=We found Republicans winning the offices; You'll see a lot of cheating in this school
7. sense_key=find%2:40:01:: | definition=get something or somebody for a specific purpose | synonyms=line up, get hold, come up | examples=I found this gadget that will serve as a bottle opener; I got hold of these tools to fix our plumbing
8. sense_key=find%2:36:00:: | definition=make a discovery, make a new finding | synonyms=discover | examples=Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle
9. sense_key=find%2:31:09:: | definition=make a discovery | synonyms=discover | examples=She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover
10. sense_key=find%2:40:03:: | definition=obtain through effort or management | examples=She found the time and energy to take care of her aging parents; We found the money to send our sons to college
11. sense_key=find%2:32:01:: | definition=decide on and make a declaration about | synonyms=rule | examples=find someone guilty
12. sense_key=find%2:30:00:: | definition=receive a specified treatment (abstract) | synonyms=receive, get, obtain, incur | examples=These aspects of civilization do not find expression or receive an interpretation; His movie received a good review
13. sense_key=find%2:39:05:: | definition=perceive oneself to be in a certain condition or place | examples=I found myself in a difficult situation; When he woke up, he found himself in a hospital room
14. sense_key=find%2:40:15:: | definition=get or find back; recover the use of | synonyms=recover, retrieve, regain | examples=She regained control of herself; She found her voice and replied quickly
15. sense_key=find%2:38:10:: | definition=succeed in reaching; arrive at | examples=The arrow found its mark
16. sense_key=find%2:30:13:: | definition=accept and make use of one's personality, abilities, and situation | synonyms=find oneself | examples=My son went to Berkeley to find himself

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
Looking at the context, a researcher "found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer." This is a scientific discovery — a researcher making a new finding through scientific investigation. The surrounding text is saturated with discovery language: "uncover," "discovery of these genes," "newly identified genes," "set of discoveries."

Sense 8 ("make a discovery, make a new finding") with examples like "Roentgen discovered X-rays" and "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle" directly parallels a researcher discovering a cancer-related gene.

{"sense_index": 8}

reasoning_content:
The target word is "found" in the context: "Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer."

This is about a scientist discovering/identifying a gene through research. Let me look at the candidate senses:

Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - synonyms: detect, observe, discover, notice - examples: "She detected high levels of lead in her drinking water; We found traces of lead in the paint"

Sense 4: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - synonyms: determine, find out, ascertain - examples: "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize"

Sense 8: "make a discovery, make a new finding" - synonyms: discover - examples: "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle"

Sense 9: "make a discovery" - synonyms: discover - examples: "She found that he had lied to her; The story is false, so far as I can discover"

The context is about a researcher who found a gene related to colon cancer. This is a scientific discovery.

Sense 8 seems very fitting: "make a discovery, make a new finding" with the example "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle" - this is very similar to a researcher finding a gene.

Sense 4 also could fit: "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" with the example "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" - this is also about scientific research.

Sense 2: "discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of" - this is more about detecting something that exists.

The distinction between sense 8 and sense 4 is subtle. Sense 8 is about making a new discovery/finding, while sense 4 is about establishing something after investigation.

In this context, the scientist "found a gene" - this is about discovering something new in science. The example in sense 8 "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle" is very close to "found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer."

Sense 4's example "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" is also very close.

Let me think about the distinction:
- Sense 8 (find%2:36:00): "make a discovery, make a new finding" - this is about the act of discovery itself
- Sense 4 (find%2:32:00): "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" - this emphasizes the process of establishing through investigation

The context says the researcher "has just found a gene" - this is about making a new scientific discovery. The gene is something newly discovered.

Sense 8 seems most appropriate because it's about making a new finding/discovery, which is exactly what happened here - a researcher discovered a new gene.

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 4 has the example "The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" which is extremely close to our context of a researcher finding a gene. The definition "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study" fits the scientific research context well.

But sense 8 also has "Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle" which is also very close.

The key difference seems to be:
- Sense 4: emphasizes establishing/determining through investigation
- Sense 8: emphasizes making a new discovery

In the context, the researcher "found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer" - this is about discovering something new, making a scientific discovery. The context is about discoveries ("discovery of these genes," "newly identified genes," "set of discoveries").

I think sense 8 is the best fit because the context is heavily about scientific discoveries and making new findings. The word "found" here means "made a discovery of."

Wait, but sense 4 also fits well with "establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study." A researcher would establish the existence of a gene through scientific investigation.

Let me look more carefully at the examples:
- Sense 4: "find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize" - the first example is about calculation, the second is about scientific discovery
- Sense 8: "Roentgen discovered X-rays; Physicists believe they found a new elementary particle" - both examples are about scientific discoveries

The context is about a researcher making a scientific discovery. Sense 8 seems more specifically about making new discoveries in science, which is exactly what this context is about.

I'll go with sense 8.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: Only
Context:
Scientists say the discovery of these genes in recent months is painting a new and startling picture of how cancer develops. An emerging understanding of the genes is expected to produce an array of new strategies for future cancer treatment and prevention. That is for the future. Already, scientists are developing tests based on the newly identified genes that, for the first time, can predict whether an otherwise healthy individual is likely to get cancer. "It's a super-exciting set of discoveries, "says Bert Vogelstein, a Johns Hopkins University researcher who has just found a gene pivotal to the triggering of colon cancer. "<t>Only</t> a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level. Today, we know that the accumulation of several of these altered genes can initiate a cancer and, then, propel it into a deadly state. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Only" in the context: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level."

Let me analyze the candidates:

1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

The context: "Only a decade ago cancer was a black box about which we knew nothing at the molecular level."

Here, "Only" is used to emphasize how recent something was - "only a decade ago" means "as recently as a decade ago." This matches sense 7: "as recently as" with the example "I spoke to him only an hour ago."

The answer is sense_index 7.