[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suit
Target surface form: suit
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity <t>suit</t>, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suit%1:06:00:: | definition=a set of garments (usually including a jacket and trousers or skirt) for outerwear all of the same fabric and color | synonyms=suit of clothes | examples=they buried him in his best suit
2. sense_key=suit%1:04:00:: | definition=a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy | synonyms=lawsuit, case, cause, causa | examples=the family brought suit against the landlord
3. sense_key=suit%1:18:00:: | definition=(slang) a businessman dressed in a business suit | examples=all the suits care about is the bottom line
4. sense_key=suit%1:10:01:: | definition=a man's courting of a woman; seeking the affections of a woman (usually with the hope of marriage) | synonyms=courtship, wooing, courting | examples=its was a brief and intense courtship
5. sense_key=suit%1:10:00:: | definition=a petition or appeal made to a person of superior status or rank
6. sense_key=suit%1:06:01:: | definition=playing card in any of four sets of 13 cards in a pack; each set has its own symbol and color | examples=a flush is five cards in the same suit; in bridge you must follow suit

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context mentions "no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit". Here, "suit" refers to a legal proceeding - a lawsuit. This matches sense 2: "a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy".


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: extent
Target surface form: extent
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the <t>extent</t> of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=extent%1:26:00:: | definition=the point or degree to which something extends | examples=the extent of the damage; the full extent of the law
2. sense_key=extent%1:07:00:: | definition=the distance or area or volume over which something extends | examples=the vast extent of the desert; an orchard of considerable extent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "extent" in the context: "the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters."

Sense 1: "the point or degree to which something extends" - examples: "the extent of the damage," "the full extent of the law"
Sense 2: "the distance or area or volume over which something extends" - examples: "the vast extent of the desert," "an orchard of considerable extent"

In this context, "the extent of the problem" refers to how widespread or severe the problem is - the degree to which the problem extends. This is an abstract, figurative use referring to degree/point, not physical distance/area/volume.

Sense 1 fits best: "the point or degree to which something extends," as illustrated by "the extent of the damage."

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: problem
Target surface form: problem
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the <t>problem</t> surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=problem%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | synonyms=job | examples=she and her husband are having problems; it is always a job to contact him
2. sense_key=problem%1:10:00:: | definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. sense_key=problem%1:09:00:: | definition=a source of difficulty | synonyms=trouble | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job; what's the problem?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses the issue of women not being accepted in bell-ringing groups, specifically the Ancient Society of College Youths remaining male-only. The "problem" refers to the extent of this discrimination/exclusion issue, which surfaced in letters to a newspaper. This is a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved - it's an ongoing situation/problem. Sense 1: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved" - fits well. The problem here is the discrimination against women in bell-ringing, which is a state of difficulty.

Sense 3: "a source of difficulty" with synonym "trouble" - could also fit, as in "what's the problem?"

The phrase "the extent of the problem" suggests a situation or state of affairs that is problematic. This aligns with sense 1 (a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved) rather than sense 3 (a source of difficulty).

Sense 1 fits best because it's describing an ongoing situation/state of difficulty (gender discrimination in bell-ringing) that needs to be resolved.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: surface
Target surface form: surfaced
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem <t>surfaced</t> this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=surface%2:38:00:: | definition=come to the surface | synonyms=come up, rise up, rise
2. sense_key=surface%2:35:00:: | definition=put a coat on; cover the surface of; furnish with a surface | synonyms=coat | examples=coat the cake with chocolate
3. sense_key=surface%2:30:00:: | definition=appear or become visible; make a showing | synonyms=come on, come out, turn up, show up | examples=She turned up at the funeral; I hope the list key is going to surface again

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "surfaced" in the context: "the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to 'The Ringing World'".

Here, "surfaced" means that the problem became visible or apparent, it came to light through a series of letters. This matches sense 3: "appear or become visible; make a showing" with synonyms like "come on, come out, turn up, show up".

Sense 1 is about physically coming to the surface (like from underwater).
Sense 2 is about putting a coating on something.
Sense 3 is about appearing or becoming visible, which fits the context of a problem becoming apparent/visible.

The answer is sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: summer
Target surface form: summer
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this <t>summer</t> in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=summer%1:28:00:: | definition=the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox | synonyms=summertime | examples=they spent a lazy summer at the shore
2. sense_key=summer%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of finest development, happiness, or beauty | examples=the golden summer of his life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context mentions "this summer" referring to a season during which letters were published in a newspaper. This is clearly referring to the literal season of summer, not a metaphorical "period of finest development."

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: series
Target surface form: series
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a <t>series</t> of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=series%1:14:00:: | definition=similar things placed in order or happening one after another | examples=they were investigating a series of bank robberies
2. sense_key=series%1:10:01:: | definition=a serialized set of programs | synonyms=serial | examples=a comedy series; the Masterworks concert series
3. sense_key=series%1:10:00:: | definition=a periodical that appears at scheduled times | synonyms=serial, serial publication
4. sense_key=series%1:11:00:: | definition=(sports) several contests played successively by the same teams | examples=the visiting team swept the series
5. sense_key=series%1:24:00:: | definition=(electronics) connection of components in such a manner that current flows first through one and then through the other | examples=the voltage divider consisted of a series of fixed resistors
6. sense_key=series%1:14:01:: | definition=a group of postage stamps having a common theme or a group of coins or currency selected as a group for study or collection | examples=the Post Office issued a series commemorating famous American entertainers; his coin collection included the complete series of Indian-head pennies
7. sense_key=series%1:09:00:: | definition=(mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is "a series of letters to 'The Ringing World'". This refers to multiple letters placed in order or happening one after another, similar to "a series of bank robberies" in sense 1. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: letter
Target surface form: letters
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of <t>letters</t> to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=letter%1:10:00:: | definition=a written message addressed to a person or organization | synonyms=missive | examples=mailed an indignant letter to the editor
2. sense_key=letter%1:10:01:: | definition=the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech | synonyms=letter of the alphabet, alphabetic character | examples=his grandmother taught him his letters
3. sense_key=letter%1:18:00:: | definition=owner who lets another person use something (housing usually) for hire
4. sense_key=letter%1:10:03:: | definition=a strictly literal interpretation (as distinct from the intention) | examples=he followed instructions to the letter; he obeyed the letter of the law
5. sense_key=letter%1:10:02:: | definition=an award earned by participation in a school sport | synonyms=varsity letter | examples=he won letters in three sports

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context mentions "a series of letters to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper for ringers." These are written messages addressed to a publication, which corresponds to sense 1: "a written message addressed to a person or organization."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: newspaper
Target surface form: newspaper
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly <t>newspaper</t> for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=newspaper%1:10:00:: | definition=a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements | synonyms=paper | examples=he read his newspaper at breakfast
2. sense_key=newspaper%1:14:00:: | definition=a business firm that publishes newspapers | synonyms=paper, newspaper publisher | examples=Murdoch owns many newspapers
3. sense_key=newspaper%1:06:00:: | definition=the physical object that is the product of a newspaper publisher | synonyms=paper | examples=when it began to rain he covered his head with a newspaper
4. sense_key=newspaper%1:27:00:: | definition=cheap paper made from wood pulp and used for printing newspapers | synonyms=newsprint | examples=they used bales of newspaper every day

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes "The Ringing World" as "a weekly newspaper for ringers." This refers to a publication that contains news and articles. The sentence says "in a series of letters to 'The Ringing World,' a weekly newspaper for ringers." This is referring to the publication itself, a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets containing news and articles.

Sense 1: "a daily or weekly publication on folded sheets; contains news and articles and advertisements" - matches "a weekly newspaper for ringers"
Sense 2: "a business firm that publishes newspapers" - doesn't fit well here
Sense 3: "the physical object that is the product of a newspaper publisher" - could be relevant since letters were sent "to" the newspaper, but the phrase "a weekly newspaper for ringers" is describing the publication itself
Sense 4: "cheap paper made from wood pulp" - doesn't fit

The context "a weekly newspaper for ringers" clearly describes the publication as a periodical. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
But the council's program to attract and train ringers is only partly successful, says Mr. Baldwin. "Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for <t>ringers</t>. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is clearly about people who ring church bells. The text mentions "bell-ringing group", "bell-ringers", churches like St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey, and a newspaper called "The Ringing World." The target word "ringers" refers to people who ring church bells.

Sense 1: "a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)" - synonyms: toller, bell ringer. This matches perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: writer
Target surface form: writer
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One <t>writer</t>, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=writer%1:18:00:: | definition=writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay) | synonyms=author
2. sense_key=writer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is able to write and has written something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "writer" in the context of someone who wrote a letter to "The Ringing World" newspaper.

Sense 1: writes professionally (for pay) - synonym "author"
Sense 2: a person who is able to write and has written something

The person who wrote the letter to the newspaper is not necessarily a professional writer. They are just someone who wrote a letter. This fits sense 2 better - a person who has written something.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sign
Target surface form: signing
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, <t>signing</t> his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sign%2:32:02:: | definition=mark with one's signature; write one's name (on) | synonyms=subscribe | examples=She signed the letter and sent it off; Please sign here
2. sense_key=sign%2:41:00:: | definition=approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation | synonyms=ratify | examples=All parties ratified the peace treaty; Have you signed your contract yet?
3. sense_key=sign%2:32:00:: | definition=be engaged by a written agreement | examples=He signed to play the casino on Dec. 18; The soprano signed to sing the new opera
4. sense_key=sign%2:41:01:: | definition=engage by written agreement | synonyms=contract, sign on, sign up | examples=They signed two new pitchers for the next season
5. sense_key=sign%2:32:01:: | definition=communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs | synonyms=signal, signalize, signalise | examples=He signed his disapproval with a dismissive hand gesture; The diner signaled the waiters to bring the menu
6. sense_key=sign%2:35:02:: | definition=place signs, as along a road | examples=sign an intersection; This road has been signed
7. sense_key=sign%2:32:04:: | definition=communicate in sign language | examples=I don't know how to sign, so I could not communicate with my deaf cousin
8. sense_key=sign%2:32:03:: | definition=make the sign of the cross over someone in order to call on God for protection; consecrate | synonyms=bless

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "signing" in the context: "One writer, signing his letter as 'Red-blooded, balanced male,' remarked on..."

Here, "signing his letter" means the writer is putting his signature on the letter. He's writing his name (or in this case, a pseudonym) on the letter.

Sense 1: "mark with one's signature; write one's name (on)" - examples: "She signed the letter and sent it off" - This matches perfectly. The writer is signing his letter (putting his name/signature on it).

Sense 2 is about approving/ratifying, which is more formal.
Sense 3 is about being engaged by a written agreement.
Sense 5 is about communicating silently via signals/gestures.

The best match is Sense 1, as the context is about someone signing (putting their name on) a letter.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: letter
Target surface form: letter
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his <t>letter</t> as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=letter%1:10:00:: | definition=a written message addressed to a person or organization | synonyms=missive | examples=mailed an indignant letter to the editor
2. sense_key=letter%1:10:01:: | definition=the conventional characters of the alphabet used to represent speech | synonyms=letter of the alphabet, alphabetic character | examples=his grandmother taught him his letters
3. sense_key=letter%1:18:00:: | definition=owner who lets another person use something (housing usually) for hire
4. sense_key=letter%1:10:03:: | definition=a strictly literal interpretation (as distinct from the intention) | examples=he followed instructions to the letter; he obeyed the letter of the law
5. sense_key=letter%1:10:02:: | definition=an award earned by participation in a school sport | synonyms=varsity letter | examples=he won letters in three sports

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a "letter" being signed and sent to a newspaper ("The Ringing World"). The writer signed his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male". This clearly refers to a written message addressed to a person or organization.

Sense 1: a written message addressed to a person or organization. This fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: male
Target surface form: male
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced <t>male</t>, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=male%1:05:00:: | definition=an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes (ova)
2. sense_key=male%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who belongs to the sex that cannot have babies | synonyms=male person
3. sense_key=male%1:15:00:: | definition=the capital of Maldives in the center of the islands

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "male" is used in the context: "Red-blooded, balanced male" and "the average male ringer". This refers to a human male, a person who belongs to the sex that cannot have babies.
Sense 1 is an animal.
Sense 2 is a person who belongs to the sex that cannot have babies (male person).
Sense 3 is a capital city.

Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remark
Target surface form: remarked
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "<t>remarked</t> on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remark%2:32:00:: | definition=make mention of | synonyms=note, observe, mention | examples=She observed that his presentation took up too much time; They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing
2. sense_key=remark%2:32:01:: | definition=make or write a comment on | synonyms=comment, notice, point out | examples=he commented the paper of his colleague

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "remarked" in the context: "One writer, signing his letter as 'Red-blooded, balanced male,' remarked on the 'frequency of women fainting in peals,' and suggested that they 'settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings.'"

Let me analyze the two senses:

1. sense_key=remark%2:32:00:: | definition=make mention of | synonyms=note, observe, mention | examples=She observed that his presentation took up too much time; They noted that it was a fine day to go sailing

2. sense_key=remark%2:32:01:: | definition=make or write a comment on | synonyms=comment, notice, point out | examples=he commented the paper of his colleague

In the context, the writer "remarked on" something - he made a comment about the "frequency of women fainting in peals." This is specifically about commenting on something, making a comment about a particular topic. The phrase "remarked on" suggests commenting on something, which aligns with sense 2 (make or write a comment on).

However, looking more carefully:
- Sense 1: "make mention of" - this is about mentioning/noting something
- Sense 2: "make or write a comment on" - this is about commenting on something

The context shows the writer is making a comment (in a letter) about a specific topic. He "remarked on" the frequency of women fainting - this is commenting on something, which fits sense 2 better.

But let me reconsider. The examples for sense 1 include "She observed that..." which is similar to what the writer did - he remarked on something specific. The examples for sense 2 show "he commented the paper of his colleague" which is about commenting on something.

Actually, "remarked on" in this context means he made a comment about the frequency of women fainting. This is more about making a comment on a topic (sense 2) rather than just mentioning something (sense 1).

I'll go with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: frequency
Target surface form: frequency
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "<t>frequency</t> of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=frequency%1:28:00:: | definition=the number of occurrences within a given time period | synonyms=frequence, oftenness | examples=the frequency of modulation was 40 cycles per second; the frequency of his seizures increased as he grew older
2. sense_key=frequency%1:24:00:: | definition=the ratio of the number of observations in a statistical category to the total number of observations | synonyms=relative frequency
3. sense_key=frequency%1:23:00:: | definition=the number of observations in a given statistical category | synonyms=absolute frequency

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "frequency" in the context: "remarked on the 'frequency of women fainting in peals'".
Sense 1: the number of occurrences within a given time period (frequence, oftenness)
Sense 2: the ratio of the number of observations in a statistical category to the total number of observations (relative frequency)
Sense 3: the number of observations in a given statistical category (absolute frequency)

The context is "frequency of women fainting in peals". This means how often women faint in peals. This matches Sense 1: the number of occurrences within a given time period.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: woman
Target surface form: women
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of <t>women</t> fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=woman%1:18:00:: | definition=an adult female person (as opposed to a man) | synonyms=adult female | examples=the woman kept house while the man hunted
2. sense_key=woman%1:18:01:: | definition=a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man | examples=he was faithful to his woman
3. sense_key=woman%1:18:02:: | definition=a human female employed to do housework | synonyms=charwoman, char, cleaning woman, cleaning lady | examples=the char will clean the carpet; I have a woman who comes in four hours a day while I write
4. sense_key=woman%1:14:00:: | definition=women as a class | synonyms=womanhood, fair sex | examples=it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "women" appears in the context of bell-ringing, discussing women as ringers (bell ringers) who have entered a male-dominated field. The text discusses women as a group/class in contrast to men, talking about their acceptance in the field, discrimination against them, etc.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. adult female person (as opposed to a man) - individual adult females
2. a female person who plays a significant role (wife/mistress/girlfriend) in a particular man's life - not relevant
3. a human female employed to do housework - not relevant, though the text mentions "making tea" dismissively
4. women as a class - this seems to fit well because the text discusses women as a group, their role in society, discrimination against women as a class, etc.

The context discusses "women" as a collective group - "a growing number of women," "more than a third of the ringers today are women," "particularly galling to women," "no woman has filed," "frequency of women fainting," etc. This is about women as a class/gender, not individual women.

However, looking more carefully, sense 1 is "an adult female person" and sense 4 is "women as a class." The text uses "women" to refer to the group of adult female persons who are bell ringers.

The key question is whether this is about women as a class (in the abstract, like "woman is the glory of creation") or about individual adult female persons considered collectively.

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 1: "the woman kept house while the man hunted" - individual woman
- Sense 4: "it's an insult to American womanhood; woman is the glory of creation" - women as a class

The text discusses women in the context of a specific activity (bell ringing), talking about them as individuals who participate in this activity. "A growing number of women have entered" - these are individual women entering the field. "More than a third of the ringers today are women" - individual women who are ringers.

I think sense 1 is the better fit here. The text is talking about adult female persons who participate in bell ringing, not about "women as a class" in the abstract sense of womanhood.

Actually, let me reconsider. The phrase "particularly galling to women" and "frequency of women fainting" and "women" used throughout could be read as referring to women as a collective/group. But this is still about individual women considered as a group, not about "womanhood" as an abstract concept.

Sense 4's examples "it's an insult to American womanhood" and "woman is the glory of creation" suggest a more abstract, philosophical reference to women as a concept/class. The context here is more concrete - actual women doing bell ringing.

I'll go with sense 1: adult female person (as opposed to a man).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: suggest
Target surface form: suggested
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and <t>suggested</t> that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=suggest%2:32:00:: | definition=make a proposal, declare a plan for something | synonyms=propose, advise | examples=the senator proposed to abolish the sales tax
2. sense_key=suggest%2:32:04:: | definition=drop a hint; intimate by a hint | synonyms=hint
3. sense_key=suggest%2:32:02:: | definition=imply as a possibility | synonyms=intimate | examples=The evidence suggests a need for more clarification
4. sense_key=suggest%2:32:03:: | definition=suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine | synonyms=indicate | examples=Tetracycline is indicated in such cases
5. sense_key=suggest%2:32:01:: | definition=call to mind | synonyms=evoke, paint a picture | examples=this remark evoked sadness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "suggested" in the context: "One writer... remarked on the 'frequency of women fainting in peals,' and suggested that they 'settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings.'"

Here, the writer is making a proposal or stating a plan/idea for what women should do. He is suggesting (proposing/advising) that women should settle back into their traditional role.

Let me look at the senses:
1. make a proposal, declare a plan for something (propose, advise) - "the senator proposed to abolish the sales tax"
2. drop a hint; intimate by a hint (hint)
3. imply as a possibility (intimate) - "The evidence suggests a need for more clarification"
4. suggest the necessity of an intervention; in medicine (indicate)
5. call to mind (evoke, paint a picture) - "this remark evoked sadness"

The writer is directly proposing/advising that women should go back to making tea. This is sense 1 - making a proposal.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: back
Target surface form: back
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle <t>back</t> into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=back%4:02:04:: | definition=in or to or toward a former location | examples=she went back to her parents' house
2. sense_key=back%4:02:00:: | definition=at or to or toward the back or rear | synonyms=backward, backwards, rearward, rearwards | examples=he moved back; tripped when he stepped backward
3. sense_key=back%4:02:05:: | definition=in or to or toward an original condition | examples=he went back to sleep
4. sense_key=back%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to or toward a past time | synonyms=backward | examples=set the clocks back an hour; never look back
5. sense_key=back%4:02:06:: | definition=in reply | examples=he wrote back three days later
6. sense_key=back%4:02:03:: | definition=in repayment or retaliation | examples=we paid back everything we had borrowed; he hit me and I hit him back

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "back" in the phrase "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings."

Let me analyze the context: "settle back into their traditional role" - this means returning to a former condition or state, going back to how things used to be.

Sense 1: "in or to or toward a former location" - example "she went back to her parents' house" - this is about physical location
Sense 3: "in or to or toward an original condition" - example "he went back to sleep" - this is about returning to a state or condition

"Settle back into their traditional role" is about returning to a former state/condition, not a physical location. The phrase "settle back" here means to return to a previous condition or state - their traditional role.

So sense 3 seems most appropriate: "in or to or toward an original condition."

Wait, let me reconsider. "Settle back" could also be interpreted as a physical posture - settling back into a chair or position. But in context, "settle back into their traditional role" is about returning to a former condition/state, not a physical location or posture.

Sense 3: "in or to or toward an original condition" with example "he went back to sleep" fits well here because "settle back into their traditional role" means returning to an original condition (their traditional role).

The answer is sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: traditional
Target surface form: traditional
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their <t>traditional</t> role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=traditional%3:00:00:: | definition=consisting of or derived from tradition | examples=traditional history; traditional morality
2. sense_key=traditional%5:00:00:orthodox:00 | definition=pertaining to time-honored orthodox doctrines | examples=the simple security of traditional assumptions has vanished

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about women in bell-ringing and a sexist letter suggesting women should "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings."

Here, "traditional" is used to describe a role that has been long-established by custom/practice — the old-fashioned, customary role of women making tea. This is about customs and practices handed down, i.e., "consisting of or derived from tradition."

Sense 1: consisting of or derived from tradition — "traditional history; traditional morality"
Sense 2: pertaining to time-honored orthodox doctrines — "the simple security of traditional assumptions has vanished"

Sense 2 seems more about orthodox doctrines/assumptions (religious or ideological). Sense 1 is broader — about things derived from tradition/custom.

"Traditional role" refers to a role that comes from tradition/custom. This fits sense 1 better — it's about a customary practice derived from tradition.

Actually, "traditional role" of women making tea — this is a social custom/tradition. Sense 1 seems the better fit. Sense 2 is about "orthodox doctrines" which is more about beliefs/assumptions.

So the answer is sense 1.

provider: Inceptron


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: role
Target surface form: role
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional <t>role</t> of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=role%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, part | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
2. sense_key=role%1:09:00:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, theatrical role, part, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
3. sense_key=role%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
4. sense_key=role%1:04:01:: | definition=normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting | examples=what is your role on the team?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about women being expected to "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings." This refers to the customary activity of a person in a particular social setting - women's traditional social role.

Sense 4 (role%1:04:01::) is about "normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting" with example "what is your role on the team?" This fits well - it's about the customary social role women are expected to play.

Sense 1 (role%1:04:00::) is about "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" - this is also possible but more general.

Sense 4 seems more specific to social settings and customary activities, which fits the context of traditional gender roles in bell-ringing meetings.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: making
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of <t>making</t> tea at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "making" in the context: "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings."

Here, "making tea" refers to the act of preparing tea (a beverage), likely by brewing or steeping it.
Sense 39: "prepare for eating by applying heat" (synonyms: cook, fix, ready, prepare). Example: "can you make me an omelette?"
Sense 1: "engage in" (synonyms: do). Example: "make love, not war"
Sense 6: "create or manufacture a man-made product"
Sense 15: "make by shaping or bringing together constituents" (example: make a cake)

Making tea is preparing a beverage. Sense 39 mentions "prepare for eating by applying heat", but tea is a beverage. Let's look closely at WordNet senses for "make".
"make tea" is commonly classified under the sense of preparing food or drink.
Wait, sense 39 is "prepare for eating by applying heat", synonyms: cook, fix, ready, prepare. "can you make me an omelette?"
Could it be sense 6 (create or manufacture a man-made product)? "The company has been making toys for two centuries".
Could it be sense 1 (engage in, do)? "make love, not war; make an effort".
Could it be sense 15 (make by shaping or bringing together constituents)? "make a dress; make a cake".
Actually, making tea fits preparing a drink. Sense 39 specifically says "prepare for eating by applying heat" which is close to making a hot beverage like tea. Let's consider if there is a more general sense.
Sense 39 is "cook, fix, ready, prepare", "Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?"
In many WSD datasets (like SemCor), "making tea" or "making coffee" is annotated with the "prepare" sense (make%2:36:07:: or similar, often the "cook/fix/prepare" one).
Let's verify the index. Sense 39 is make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
This matches the preparation of tea.

provider: DigitalOcean


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tea
Target surface form: tea
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making <t>tea</t> at meetings. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tea%1:13:00:: | definition=a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water | examples=iced tea is a cooling drink
2. sense_key=tea%1:13:01:: | definition=a light midafternoon meal of tea and sandwiches or cakes | synonyms=afternoon tea, teatime | examples=an Englishman would interrupt a war to have his afternoon tea
3. sense_key=tea%1:20:00:: | definition=a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree extensively cultivated in e.g. China and Japan and India; source of tea leaves | synonyms=Camellia sinensis | examples=tea has fragrant white flowers
4. sense_key=tea%1:14:00:: | definition=a reception or party at which tea is served | examples=we met at the Dean's tea for newcomers
5. sense_key=tea%1:13:02:: | definition=dried leaves of the tea shrub; used to make tea | synonyms=tea leaf | examples=the store shelves held many different kinds of tea; they threw the tea into Boston harbor

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about women being told to "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings."
The target word is "tea".
Here, "making tea" refers to preparing the beverage.
Let's look at the senses:
1. a beverage made by steeping tea leaves in water
2. a light midafternoon meal of tea and sandwiches or cakes
3. a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree extensively cultivated
4. a reception or party at which tea is served
5. dried leaves of the tea shrub; used to make tea

In the phrase "making tea", it means preparing the beverage. "Make tea" is the action of brewing the beverage.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check sense 5: "dried leaves". You don't "make dried leaves", you make a beverage out of dried leaves.
Sense 2: "meal". You don't "make a meal" in this exact phrasing as "making tea at meetings" usually implies brewing the drink, although "making the tea" could involve preparing the meal. But "making tea" commonly refers to preparing the drink. Sense 1 is the most direct and standard meaning of "tea" when used with the verb "make" in this context of a sexist stereotype about women in Britain. Women stereotypically make the beverage tea.
Let's check "making tea at meetings". At meetings, people drink tea.
Sense 1 fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: meeting
Target surface form: meetings
Context:
"Right now, we're lucky if after five years we keep one new ringer out of 10, "he adds. One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at <t>meetings</t>. "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=meeting%1:14:00:: | definition=a formally arranged gathering | synonyms=group meeting | examples=next year the meeting will be in Chicago; the meeting elected a chairperson
2. sense_key=meeting%1:14:01:: | definition=a small informal social gathering | synonyms=get together | examples=there was an informal meeting in my living room
3. sense_key=meeting%1:11:00:: | definition=a casual or unexpected convergence | synonyms=encounter | examples=he still remembers their meeting in Paris; there was a brief encounter in the hallway
4. sense_key=meeting%1:04:00:: | definition=the social act of assembling for some common purpose | synonyms=coming together | examples=his meeting with the salesmen was the high point of his day
5. sense_key=meeting%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of joining together as one | synonyms=merging, coming together | examples=the merging of the two groups occurred quickly; there was no meeting of minds
6. sense_key=meeting%1:15:00:: | definition=a place where things merge or flow together (especially rivers) | synonyms=confluence | examples=Pittsburgh is located at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses bell ringers, a newspaper for ringers, and letters to the editor. The phrase is "making tea at meetings". In this context, "meetings" refers to gatherings of the bell-ringing groups/societies. These are formally arranged gatherings of the society members. The suggestion that women should "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings" implies organized society gatherings where tea would be served.

Sense 1: "a formally arranged gathering" - fits well for society meetings
Sense 2: "a small informal social gathering" - possible but less likely given the context of organized ringing societies

The bell-ringing groups like the Ancient Society of College Youths would have formal meetings. "The Ringing World" is a weekly newspaper for ringers, and the letters discuss society dynamics. The "meetings" here refer to the formally arranged gatherings of these ringing societies.

Sense 1 seems best - "a formally arranged gathering" with synonyms "group meeting".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: torrent
Target surface form: torrent
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the <t>torrent</t> of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=torrent%1:19:01:: | definition=a heavy rain | synonyms=downpour, cloudburst, deluge, waterspout, pelter, soaker
2. sense_key=torrent%1:11:00:: | definition=a violently fast stream of water (or other liquid) | synonyms=violent stream | examples=the houses were swept away in the torrent
3. sense_key=torrent%1:23:00:: | definition=an overwhelming number or amount | synonyms=flood, inundation, deluge | examples=a flood of requests; a torrent of abuse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a "torrent of replies" that followed a letter. This is figurative usage meaning an overwhelming number or amount of replies.
Sense 1: a heavy rain
Sense 2: a violently fast stream of water
Sense 3: an overwhelming number or amount (synonyms: flood, inundation, deluge, examples: a flood of requests; a torrent of abuse)

Clearly, sense 3 fits best here. "In the torrent of replies that followed" matches "an overwhelming number or amount" and the example "a torrent of abuse".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reply
Target surface form: replies
Context:
One bright sign is that a growing number of women have entered the once male-dominated field; more than a third of the ringers today are women. They are not accepted everywhere, however. The oldest bell-ringing group in the country, the Ancient Society of College Youths, founded in 1637, remains male-only, a fact that's particularly galling to women because the group is the sole source of ringers for Britain's most prestigious churches, St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey. This being Britain, no woman has filed an equal-opportunity suit, but the extent of the problem surfaced this summer in a series of letters to "The Ringing World, "a weekly newspaper for ringers. One writer, signing his letter as "Red-blooded, balanced male, "remarked on the "frequency of women fainting in peals, "and suggested that they "settle back into their traditional role of making tea at meetings. "In the torrent of <t>replies</t> that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that "the average male ringer leaves quite a lot to be desired: badly dressed, decorated with acne and a large beer-belly, frequently unwashed and unbearably flatulent in peals. "Another women wrote from Sheffield to say that in her 60 years of ringing, "I have never known a lady to faint in the belfry.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reply%1:10:01:: | definition=a statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation | synonyms=answer, response | examples=I waited several days for his answer; he wrote replies to several of his critics
2. sense_key=reply%1:10:00:: | definition=the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange | synonyms=response | examples=he growled his reply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "replies" in the context: "In the torrent of replies that followed, one woman ringer from Solihull observed that..."

Let me analyze the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=reply%1:10:01:: - A statement (either spoken or written) that is made to reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation. Synonyms: answer, response. Examples: "I waited several days for his answer; he wrote replies to several of his critics"

2. sense_key=reply%1:10:00:: - The speech act of continuing a conversational exchange. Synonyms: response. Examples: "he growled his reply"

In the context, we have "a torrent of replies that followed" after a letter was published in a newspaper. These replies are written responses to the letter/criticism. The "torrent of replies" refers to multiple written statements made in response to the original letter.

Sense 1 fits better because:
- The replies are written statements (letters to the newspaper)
- They are made in reply to criticism (the letter from "Red-blooded, balanced male")
- The example "he wrote replies to several of his critics" matches the context where people wrote replies to the letter

Sense 2 is about the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange, which is more about a single reply in a conversation, not multiple written responses to a published letter.

The answer is sense_index 1.