[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: state
Target surface form: states
Context:
Second, if the key assumption is valid, Democrats should have lower attendance rates on roll-call votes than Republicans do to the extent that such votes reflect national policy making and that participating in such votes takes away from the time a legislator could otherwise devote to local benefit - seeking. This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income <t>states</t> harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=state%1:15:01:: | definition=the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation | synonyms=province | examples=his state is in the deep south
2. sense_key=state%1:03:00:: | definition=the way something is with respect to its main attributes | examples=the current state of knowledge; his state of health
3. sense_key=state%1:14:01:: | definition=the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state | examples=the state has lowered its income tax
4. sense_key=state%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
5. sense_key=state%1:26:02:: | definition=(chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) | synonyms=state of matter | examples=the solid state of water is called ice
6. sense_key=state%1:26:01:: | definition=a state of depression or agitation | examples=he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him
7. sense_key=state%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=country, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
8. sense_key=state%1:14:02:: | definition=the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies | synonyms=Department of State, United States Department of State, State Department, DoS | examples=the Department of State was created in 1789

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses "states conducting a Senate election" and "a progressive tax rate hits higher-income states harder." Here, "states" refers to the constituent administrative districts of the United States (e.g., states like California, Texas, etc.).

Sense 1: "the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation" - this fits perfectly. The U.S. states are constituent administrative districts of the nation.

Sense 4: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" - this refers to a nation/state as a whole, like "the state has elected a new president."

Sense 7: "the territory occupied by a nation" - this refers to a country.

The context clearly refers to U.S. states (constituent administrative districts of a nation), so sense 1 is the best choice.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: put
Target surface form: Put
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. <t>Put</t> more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=put%2:35:00:: | definition=put into a certain place or abstract location | synonyms=set, place, pose, position, lay | examples=Put your things here; Set the tray down
2. sense_key=put%2:35:05:: | definition=cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation | examples=That song put me in awful good humor; put your ideas in writing
3. sense_key=put%2:32:00:: | definition=formulate in a particular style or language | synonyms=frame, redact, cast, couch | examples=I wouldn't put it that way; She cast her request in very polite language
4. sense_key=put%2:34:00:: | definition=attribute or give | synonyms=assign | examples=She put too much emphasis on her the last statement; He put all his efforts into this job
5. sense_key=put%2:40:00:: | definition=make an investment | synonyms=invest, commit, place | examples=Put money into bonds
6. sense_key=put%2:31:13:: | definition=estimate | synonyms=place, set | examples=We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M.
7. sense_key=put%2:39:13:: | definition=cause (someone) to undergo something | examples=He put her to the torture
8. sense_key=put%2:36:13:: | definition=adapt | examples=put these words to music
9. sense_key=put%2:31:00:: | definition=arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events | synonyms=arrange, set up, order | examples=arrange my schedule; set up one's life

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Put" in the context "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters..."

This means "to state/express more simply" - it's about formulating something in a particular style or language.

Sense 3: "formulate in a particular style or language" with synonyms "frame, redact, cast, couch" and examples "I wouldn't put it that way; She cast her request in very polite language" - this fits perfectly.

"Put more simply" = express/state more simply = formulate in a particular style or language.

The answer is sense 3.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP <t>candidates</t> for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "candidates" in the context of "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

The context clearly discusses politicians running for public office (president, Senate). The word refers to politicians who are running for public office.

Sense 1: a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
Sense 2: someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

The best fit is sense 1, as it specifically refers to politicians running for public office, which matches the context of presidential and senatorial candidates.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: president
Target surface form: president
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for <t>president</t> are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=president%1:18:01:: | definition=an executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. sense_key=president%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government | synonyms=President of the United States, United States President, Chief Executive | examples=the President likes to jog every morning
3. sense_key=president%1:18:00:: | definition=the chief executive of a republic
4. sense_key=president%1:18:03:: | definition=the officer who presides at the meetings of an organization | synonyms=chairman, chairwoman, chair, chairperson | examples=address your remarks to the chairperson
5. sense_key=president%1:18:02:: | definition=the head administrative officer of a college or university | synonyms=prexy
6. sense_key=president%1:04:04:: | definition=the office of the United States head of state | synonyms=President of the United States, Chief Executive | examples=a President is elected every four years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses "GOP candidates for president" and mentions "presidential and senatorial candidates" in the context of U.S. federal government elections. This refers to the office of the President of the United States. The target word "president" here refers to the role/office being run for, not a specific person. Let me look at the senses:

1. president%1:18:01:: - executive officer of a firm or corporation
2. president%1:18:04:: - the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government
3. president%1:18:00:: - the chief executive of a republic
4. president%1:18:03:: - officer who presides at meetings of an organization
5. president%1:18:02:: - head administrative officer of a college or university
6. president%1:04:04:: - the office of the United States head of state

The context mentions "candidates for president" - this refers to running for the office. Sense 6 is about "the office of the United States head of state" which might fit better since they're talking about the office/position rather than a specific person. But sense 2 refers to "the person who holds the office" which is more about the role itself.

Actually, looking more carefully: "GOP candidates for president" - they are candidates for the position/office of president. Sense 6 defines it as "the office" which could work. But sense 2 defines "the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government" - when someone runs for president, they're running to become that person.

The context is clearly about U.S. presidential elections (mentioning Republican presidential candidates, federal government, etc.). Both sense 2 and sense 6 are specific to the United States. Sense 2 is about the person, sense 6 is about the office.

"Candidates for president" - they want to become the president (the person who holds the office). This seems more like sense 2, which refers to the person/role.

But wait - "candidates for president" could also mean candidates for the office of president. In English, "president" in "candidates for president" typically refers to the role/position, which aligns with sense 6 (the office).

Hmm, but looking at the examples:
- Sense 2: "the President likes to jog every morning" - refers to a person
- Sense 6: "a President is elected every four years" - refers to the office/position

"Candidates for president" - they are running for the office. The example for sense 6 "a President is elected every four years" is about the electoral process, which matches our context better.

Actually, I think sense 2 is the better fit. "Candidates for president" means candidates to become the president (the person who holds the office). The word "president" here refers to the role that a person fills, which is sense 2.

Let me reconsider. In WordNet, sense 6 is a different part of speech concept - it's about the office itself (a position, an abstraction), while sense 2 is about the person. When we say "candidates for president," "president" refers to the position they're seeking, which is the office. So sense 6 might be more appropriate.

But actually, in common usage, "president" in "candidates for president" refers to the role/title, which encompasses both the person and the office. Looking at the definitions again:

Sense 2: "the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government"
Sense 6: "the office of the United States head of state"

"Candidates for president" = candidates to become the person who holds the office = sense 2.

I'll go with sense 2. The context is clearly about U.S. politics, and "president" refers to the role of the President of the United States.

Wait, let me reconsider one more time. "GOP candidates for president" - when you're a candidate for president, you're running for the office of president. The word "president" here is being used to refer to the office/position, not a specific person. So sense 6 might be more accurate.

But in English, "president" can refer to both the person and the office. When we say "He is running for president," "president" refers to the position/role, which is a blend of both senses. However, in WordNet's framework, we need to choose one.

Looking at the examples again:
- Sense 2 example: "the President likes to jog every morning" - clearly about a person
- Sense 6 example: "a President is elected every four years" - about the electoral process/office

Our context: "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters" - this is about the electoral process, similar to sense 6's example.

I think sense 2 is still the better fit because "president" as used in "candidates for president" refers to the role that a person would fill, not the abstract office itself. The candidates want to become the president (a person), not just hold the office (an abstraction).

Actually, I'm overthinking this. Let me just go with sense 2 since it's the most common sense referring to the President of the United States as a person/role, and the context is about U.S. presidential candidates.

Final answer: sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: look_on
Target surface form: looked on
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are <t>looked on</t> more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=look_on%2:39:00:: | definition=observe with attention | synonyms=watch | examples=They watched as the murderer was executed
2. sense_key=look_on%2:31:00:: | definition=look on as or consider | synonyms=think of, repute, regard as, look upon, esteem, take to be | examples=she looked on this affair as a joke; He thinks of himself as a brilliant musician

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target phrase is "looked on" in the context: "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

Here, "looked on more kindly" means "regarded more kindly" or "viewed more favorably." This matches sense 2: "look on as or consider" with synonyms like "regard as," "think of," "look upon."

The sentence means voters regard/view GOP presidential candidates more kindly than Republican Senate candidates. This is about perception/consideration, not about observing with attention.

So the answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: republican
Target surface form: Republican
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than <t>Republican</t> candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=republican%3:01:01:: | definition=relating to or belonging to the Republican Party | examples=a Republican senator; Republican party politics
2. sense_key=republican%5:00:00:democratic:00 | definition=having the supreme power lying in the body of citizens entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them or characteristic of such government; - United States Constitution; ; - Philip Marsh; -Nathaniel Hawthorne | examples=the United States shall guarantee to every state in this union a republican form of government; a very republican notion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses political parties, specifically the Republican Party in the United States. It mentions "Republican House attendance rate", "Republican presidential and senatorial candidates", and compares them to Democrats.

Sense 1 is "relating to or belonging to the Republican Party" with examples like "a Republican senator; Republican party politics". This fits the context perfectly.

Sense 2 is about a form of government (republican as in representative democracy), which doesn't fit here.

The target word is "GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than <t>Republican</t> candidates for the Senate" - clearly referring to the Republican Party.

Answer: sense_index 1

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: candidate
Target surface form: candidates
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican <t>candidates</t> for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=candidate%1:18:01:: | definition=a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
2. sense_key=candidate%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "candidates" in the context: "Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

This is about politicians running for public office (Senate). The context discusses Republican candidates for the Senate, GOP candidates for president, etc. These are politicians running for public office.

Sense 1: a politician who is running for public office | synonyms=campaigner, nominee
Sense 2: someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.) | synonyms=prospect

The context clearly refers to politicians running for public office (Senate). Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: severe
Target surface form: severe
Context:
This is indeed what the data indicate, particularly in the case of the House. The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more <t>severe</t>. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:intense:00 | definition=intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality | synonyms=terrible, wicked | examples=severe pain; a severe case of flu
2. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:strong:00 | definition=very strong or vigorous | synonyms=hard, knockout | examples=strong winds; a hard left to the chin
3. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:plain:01 | definition=severely simple | synonyms=austere, stark, stern | examples=a stark interior
4. sense_key=severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00 | definition=unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells | synonyms=spartan | examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien
5. sense_key=severe%5:00:00:critical:03 | definition=causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm | synonyms=dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, life-threatening | examples=a dangerous operation; a grave situation
6. sense_key=severe%5:00:01:bad:00 | definition=very bad in degree or extent | examples=a severe worldwide depression; the house suffered severe damage

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "severe" in the context: "...when the prisoner's sentence is more <t>severe</t>."
Wait, let me re-read the context.
"the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state"
"Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."

Wait, "prisoner's sentence is more severe"? The previous sentence talks about "onerous the federal government's tax burden". "Onerous" means "involving an obligation or duty that is burdensome, difficult, or oppressive."
Wait, the text says "when the prisoner's sentence is more severe." Is "sentence" a punishment, or is it a weird metaphor? Wait, "tax burden" -> "onerous" -> "prisoner's sentence" is more severe.
Actually, the sentence is "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
Wait, "prisoner's sentence"? In the original text, it might have been a metaphor or a translation. Wait, "the prisoner's sentence is more severe" could refer to a severe punishment. But "sentence" meaning a prison term. If the sentence is more severe, it means the punishment is worse, more strict, heavier.
Wait, let's look at the senses:
1. intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality (terrible, wicked) - severe pain
2. very strong or vigorous (hard, knockout) - strong winds
3. severely simple (austere, stark)
4. unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment (spartan) - a parent severe...
5. causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm (dangerous, grave)
6. very bad in degree or extent - severe damage

Could "severe" here mean "harsh", "heavy"?
Wait, let me look at the text closely: "...when the prisoner's sentence is more <t>severe</t>."
Is this about a prisoner's sentence (prison term) or is it a typo in my understanding of the text?
Actually, the text says: "how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state... Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
Wait! "prisoner's sentence" might be a metaphor for the tax burden! Taxpayers are prisoners of the government, and the tax is the sentence. If the tax burden is more onerous (heavier), the "prisoner's sentence" is more severe.
If it means "heavy burden", what sense of severe?
"Severe" in "severe pain", "severe case of flu", "severe damage", "severe depression".
Sense 1: intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality
Sense 6: very bad in degree or extent

Let's check WordNet senses for "severe" (adjective).
Sense 1: severe, terrible, wicked - intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality; "severe pain"; "a severe case of flu"; "a severe case of pneumonia"; "a severe headache"; "severe chest pains".
Wait, is there a sense of "severe" meaning "very bad in degree or extent"?
Sense 6: severe - very bad in degree or extent; "a severe worldwide depression"; "the house suffered severe damage".
But wait, what if it's an actual prisoner's sentence?
"when the prisoner's sentence is more severe" -> meaning the punishment is harsher.
Which sense applies to a sentence (punishment)?
"severe discipline", "severe punishment".
Sense 4: severe, spartan - unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells; "a parent severe to the pitch of hostility"; "a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien"; "a strict judge".
Wait, "a strict judge" -> "severe in discipline or judgment". A prisoner's sentence is handed down in judgment! "uncompromising in discipline or judgment". This perfectly fits "sentence is more severe" (if it's a literal prisoner's sentence).

Let's check the senses again:
Sense 4: severe, spartan - unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment
Examples: a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien.
Wait, WordNet has "severe" in sense 4 as "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells; `a parent severe to the pitch of hostility'- H.G.Wells; `a hefty six footer with a rather severe mien'; `a strict judge'." Wait, "strict judge" might not be in this exact prompt, but "uncompromising in discipline or judgment" definitely applies to "sentence". A sentence is an act of judgment!

But wait, is the context about a literal prisoner's sentence, or a metaphor for tax burden?
"Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
Wait, let me search my memory. There is a political science paper: "The Electoral Consequences of the Tax Burden" or something?
Actually, the text is about "a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state... Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
Wait, "prisoner's sentence" is "tax burden". A tax burden being onerous. If it's "onerous", it means it's heavy, burdensome, oppressive.
Does "severe" in WordNet have a sense for "heavy" or "oppressive"?
Maybe "very bad in degree or extent" (Sense 6)?
"Intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality" (Sense 1)?
"very strong or vigorous" (Sense 2)?

Wait, look at the text: "how onerous the federal government's tax burden is... Put more simply, GOP candidates... when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
Actually, it's an analogy: "prisoner's sentence" = "tax burden".
If it's an analogy, the tax burden is the sentence. The taxpayer is the prisoner. The sentence is "severe".
Which sense fits "severe burden" or "severe sentence"?
If "sentence" means punishment from a judge, Sense 4 ("uncompromising in discipline or judgment") fits perfectly. A sentence is a judgment. If a judge is severe, the sentence is severe.
Let's check if "severe sentence" is a common collocation. "Severe sentence" means a harsh, strict, heavy punishment. WordNet's Sense 4 is "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment". Synonyms: spartan.
But wait, Sense 1: "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality" (severe pain).
Is "severe sentence" closer to "very bad in degree or extent" (Sense 6)?
In WordNet 3.0:
severe (adj) ...
1. severely, severely, bad -- intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality; "severe pain"; "a severe case of flu"; "a severe case of pneumonia"; "a severe headache"; "severe chest pains"
2. severe -- very strong or vigorous; "strong winds"; "a hard left to the chin"; "a severe blow to the economy"
3. austere, severe, stark, stern -- severely simple; "an austere exterior"; "a stark interior"; "a stark style"
4. severe, spartan -- unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; "a parent severe to the pitch of hostility"- H.G.Wells; "a hefty six footer with a rather severe mien"; "a strict judge"
5. dangerous, grave, grievous, serious, severe, life-threatening -- causing fear or anxiety by threatening great harm; "a dangerous operation"; "a grave situation"; "a grave illness"; "grievous harm"; "a serious wound"; "a severe case of pneumonia"; "a life-threatening disease"
6. severe -- very bad in degree or extent; "a severe worldwide depression"; "the house suffered severe damage"

Wait, if the text actually uses "sentence" as in a judge's sentence, Sense 4 directly mentions "a strict judge" and "judgment". So "sentence is more severe" aligns with "uncompromising in discipline or judgment".

Let me double check if there's any other interpretation. What if "sentence" refers to a literal prison sentence, but in a legal context?
"A strict judge" is in the examples for Sense 4. A judge hands down a sentence. "Severe" in "severe sentence" means strict, harsh, unsparing. This aligns with Sense 4: "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment".

Wait, is "severe" Sense 1? "Intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant". "Severe sentence" - it's bad or unpleasant. But Sense 4 specifically relates to discipline or judgment, which fits "sentence" (a penal decree).

Let me review Sense 6: "very bad in degree or extent" -> "severe worldwide depression", "severe damage".
Sense 1: "intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant" -> "severe pain", "severe case of flu".

"severe sentence" = "severe judgment" = Sense 4.
Let's consider the source. "the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
I will bet on Sense 4 because "sentence" (in the penal sense) is an act of judgment, and Sense 4 specifically mentions "judgment" and "discipline" (as in penal discipline). The inclusion of "a strict judge" (which is often in the WordNet definition/examples for this sense) makes it the best fit.

Wait! The text says: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
Wait, I might have misread the metaphor. Is "prisoner's sentence" literally "the prisoner is sentenced"? Or is it a metaphor for "tax burden"?
Even if it's a metaphor for "tax burden", the phrase "prisoner's sentence" uses "severe" in the penal sense. The metaphor is that the tax burden is like a sentence passed on a prisoner. So "severe" modifies "sentence" in its penal sense. Therefore, Sense 4 applies.

Let me check if there's any chance "severe" here means "very bad in degree or extent". If the "sentence" is a burden, maybe it's "severe burden". But the text explicitly says "prisoner's sentence". The word "sentence" primes the "judgment" sense of "severe".

Let's check the synonyms and examples for Sense 4:
synonyms: spartan
examples: a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien
definition: unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells

"unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment" - this fits a sentence (which is a judgment). A severe sentence is an unsparing judgment.

Let me check if there is a better sense. What if "severe" means "very strong or vigorous" (Sense 2)? No, a sentence is not strong or vigorous.
What about Sense 1? "Intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality". Is a severe sentence just a bad sentence? No, "severe" modifies "sentence" to mean harsh, strict, long.
So Sense 4 is the best choice.

Wait, look at the prompt: "Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe."
Could "sentence" mean a string of words? "when the prisoner's sentence is more severe." No, that makes no sense. It's definitely a penal sentence.

Therefore, the sense is 4.

Let me confirm Sense 4 is indeed about strictness or harshness in judgment.
Yes, "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment". A severe sentence is one that is unsparing and uncompromising.

Let's check if the example "a strict judge" is present. It's in the prompt implicitly, as "unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment" directly relates to a judge's sentence.
Wait, the prompt says:
4. sense_key=severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00 | definition=unsparing and uncompromising in discipline or judgment; - H.G.Wells | synonyms=spartan | examples=a parent severe to the pitch of hostility; a hefty six-footer with a rather severe mien
The "nonindulgent" in the sense key (severe%5:00:02:nonindulgent:00) aligns with strict, not indulging.

So I will go with Sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: appear
Target surface form: appears
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting <t>appears</t> to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=appear%2:39:00:: | definition=give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect | synonyms=look, seem | examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. sense_key=appear%2:30:00:: | definition=come into sight or view | examples=He suddenly appeared at the wedding; A new star appeared on the horizon
3. sense_key=appear%2:30:01:: | definition=be issued or published | synonyms=come out | examples=Did your latest book appear yet?; The new Woody Allen film hasn't come out yet
4. sense_key=appear%2:39:01:: | definition=seem to be true, probable, or apparent | synonyms=seem | examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
5. sense_key=appear%2:30:02:: | definition=come into being or existence, or appear on the scene | synonyms=come along | examples=Then the computer came along and changed our lives; Homo sapiens appeared millions of years ago
6. sense_key=appear%2:36:00:: | definition=appear as a character on stage or appear in a play, etc. | examples=Gielgud appears briefly in this movie; She appeared in `Hamlet' on the London stage
7. sense_key=appear%2:41:03:: | definition=present oneself formally, as before a (judicial) authority | examples=He had to appear in court last month; She appeared on several charges of theft

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "appears" in the context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."

The sentence is saying that ticket splitting seems to take a certain pattern. This is about giving an impression or seeming to be a certain way.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. appear%2:39:00:: - give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect - synonyms=look, seem - examples=She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem
2. appear%2:30:00:: - come into sight or view
3. appear%2:30:01:: - be issued or published
4. appear%2:39:01:: - seem to be true, probable, or apparent - synonyms=seem - examples=It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad
5. appear%2:30:02:: - come into being or existence
6. appear%2:36:00:: - appear as a character on stage
7. appear%2:41:03:: - present oneself formally

The sentence "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" is saying that it seems to take this pattern. This is about seeming to be true or probable.

Now, between sense 1 and sense 4:
- Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" - examples: "She seems to be sleeping; This appears to be a very difficult problem"
- Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" - examples: "It seems that he is very gifted; It appears that the weather in California is very bad"

The context "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" is more about something seeming to be true or apparent based on evidence. The text is discussing evidence and analysis, so "appears to take" means it seems to be the case that it takes this pattern.

Sense 1 is more about outward appearance/impression, while sense 4 is about seeming to be true, probable, or apparent. The context is analytical - discussing evidence about ticket splitting patterns. This seems to be about something appearing to be true based on analysis.

"appears to take the same peculiar pattern" - this is saying that based on the evidence/analysis, it seems to be true that ticket splitting takes this pattern. This aligns with sense 4 (seem to be true, probable, or apparent).

Actually, let me reconsider. "This appears to be a very difficult problem" (sense 1) vs "It appears that the weather in California is very bad" (sense 4).

The structure "X appears to Y" matches sense 1's example "This appears to be a very difficult problem" more closely. But the meaning is about something seeming to be true based on evidence.

Sense 1: "give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect" - this is more about outward appearance
Sense 4: "seem to be true, probable, or apparent" - this is about seeming to be true

In the context, "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" - this is saying that based on the evidence presented, it seems to be true/apparent that ticket splitting takes this pattern. This is more aligned with sense 4.

But looking at the structure: "appears to take" matches "appears to be" from sense 1's example. The distinction between sense 1 and sense 4 is subtle.

Sense 1 is about giving an impression or outward aspect - more sensory/perceptual
Sense 4 is about seeming to be true, probable, or apparent - more cognitive/analytical

The context is analytical/academic writing about political patterns. "Ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" means that based on analysis, it seems to be true that ticket splitting follows this pattern. This aligns more with sense 4.

I'll go with sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: take
Target surface form: take
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to <t>take</t> the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=take%2:41:04:: | definition=carry out | examples=take action; take steps
2. sense_key=take%2:40:06:: | definition=require (time or space) | synonyms=occupy, use up | examples=It took three hours to get to work this morning; This event occupied a very short time
3. sense_key=take%2:38:09:: | definition=take somebody somewhere | synonyms=lead, direct, conduct, guide | examples=We lead him to our chief; can you take me to the main entrance?
4. sense_key=take%2:35:00:: | definition=get into one's hands, take physically | synonyms=get hold of | examples=Take a cookie!; Can you take this bag, please
5. sense_key=take%2:30:01:: | definition=take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect | synonyms=assume, acquire, adopt, take on | examples=His voice took on a sad tone; The story took a new turn
6. sense_key=take%2:31:07:: | definition=interpret something in a certain way; convey a particular meaning or impression | synonyms=read | examples=I read this address as a satire; How should I take this message?
7. sense_key=take%2:38:10:: | definition=take something or somebody with oneself somewhere | synonyms=bring, convey | examples=Bring me the box from the other room; Take these letters to the boss
8. sense_key=take%2:40:00:: | definition=take into one's possession | examples=We are taking an orphan from Romania; I'll take three salmon steaks
9. sense_key=take%2:38:02:: | definition=travel or go by means of a certain kind of transportation, or a certain route | examples=He takes the bus to work; She takes Route 1 to Newark
10. sense_key=take%2:31:01:: | definition=pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives | synonyms=choose, select, pick out | examples=Take any one of these cards; Choose a good husband for your daughter
11. sense_key=take%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, have | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
12. sense_key=take%2:41:00:: | definition=assume, as of positions or roles | synonyms=fill, occupy | examples=She took the job as director of development; he occupies the position of manager
13. sense_key=take%2:31:03:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, deal, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
14. sense_key=take%2:42:00:: | definition=require as useful, just, or proper | synonyms=necessitate, ask, postulate, need, require, involve | examples=It takes nerve to do what she did; success usually requires hard work
15. sense_key=take%2:39:00:: | definition=experience or feel or submit to | examples=Take a test; Take the plunge
16. sense_key=take%2:32:02:: | definition=make a film or photograph of something | synonyms=film, shoot | examples=take a scene; shoot a movie
17. sense_key=take%2:30:00:: | definition=remove something concrete, as by lifting, pushing, or taking off, or remove something abstract | synonyms=remove, take away, withdraw | examples=remove a threat; remove a wrapper
18. sense_key=take%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, have | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
19. sense_key=take%2:31:09:: | definition=accept or undergo, often unwillingly | synonyms=submit | examples=We took a pay cut
20. sense_key=take%2:40:15:: | definition=make use of or accept for some purpose | synonyms=accept | examples=take a risk; take an opportunity
21. sense_key=take%2:40:01:: | definition=take by force | examples=Hitler took the Baltic Republics; The army took the fort on the hill
22. sense_key=take%2:38:00:: | definition=occupy or take on | synonyms=assume, strike, take up | examples=He assumes the lotus position; She took her seat on the stage
23. sense_key=take%2:40:07:: | definition=admit into a group or community | synonyms=accept, admit, take on | examples=accept students for graduate study; We'll have to vote on whether or not to admit a new member
24. sense_key=take%2:30:08:: | definition=ascertain or determine by measuring, computing or take a reading from a dial | examples=take a pulse; A reading was taken of the earth's tremors
25. sense_key=take%2:31:02:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, study, read | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
26. sense_key=take%2:32:00:: | definition=take as an undesirable consequence of some event or state of affairs | synonyms=claim, exact | examples=the accident claimed three lives; The hard work took its toll on her
27. sense_key=take%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=make | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
28. sense_key=take%2:33:09:: | definition=point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards | synonyms=aim, train, take aim, direct | examples=Please don't aim at your little brother!; He trained his gun on the burglar
29. sense_key=take%2:30:09:: | definition=be seized or affected in a specified way | examples=take sick; be taken drunk
30. sense_key=take%2:42:10:: | definition=have with oneself; have on one's person | synonyms=carry, pack | examples=She always takes an umbrella; I always carry money
31. sense_key=take%2:40:03:: | definition=engage for service under a term of contract | synonyms=lease, rent, hire, charter, engage | examples=We took an apartment on a quiet street; Let's rent a car
32. sense_key=take%2:40:04:: | definition=receive or obtain regularly | synonyms=subscribe, subscribe to | examples=We take the Times every day
33. sense_key=take%2:40:02:: | definition=buy, select | examples=I'll take a pound of that sausage
34. sense_key=take%2:40:08:: | definition=to get into a position of having, e.g., safety, comfort | examples=take shelter from the storm
35. sense_key=take%2:35:14:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=have | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable
36. sense_key=take%2:32:09:: | definition=lay claim to; as of an idea | synonyms=claim | examples=She took credit for the whole idea
37. sense_key=take%2:42:03:: | definition=be designed to hold or take | synonyms=accept | examples=This surface will not take the dye
38. sense_key=take%2:42:15:: | definition=be capable of holding or containing | synonyms=contain, hold | examples=This box won't take all the items; The flask holds one gallon
39. sense_key=take%2:41:13:: | definition=develop a habit | examples=He took to visiting bars
40. sense_key=take%2:38:11:: | definition=proceed along in a vehicle | synonyms=drive | examples=We drive the turnpike to work
41. sense_key=take%2:33:08:: | definition=obtain by winning | examples=Winner takes all; He took first prize
42. sense_key=take%2:29:08:: | definition=be stricken by an illness, fall victim to an illness | synonyms=contract, get | examples=He got AIDS; She came down with pneumonia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."

Here, "take" means to assume or adopt a certain form, attribute, or aspect. "Ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern" means the phenomenon exhibits/assumes the same pattern.

This matches sense 5: "take on a certain form, attribute, or aspect" with synonyms "assume, acquire, adopt, take on" and examples like "The story took a new turn."

So the answer is sense index 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: same
Target surface form: same
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the <t>same</t> peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=same%3:00:02:: | definition=same in identity | examples=the same man I saw yesterday; never wore the same dress twice
2. sense_key=same%3:00:00:: | definition=closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree | examples=curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age
3. sense_key=same%3:00:04:: | definition=equal in amount or value | synonyms=like | examples=like amounts; equivalent amounts
4. sense_key=same%5:00:00:unchanged:00 | definition=unchanged in character or nature | examples=the village stayed the same; his attitude is the same as ever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "same" in the context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level."

Here, "same" means closely similar or comparable in kind or quality. The pattern is similar/identical in nature between state and federal levels.

Sense 2: "closely similar or comparable in kind or quality or quantity or degree" - examples: "curtains the same color as the walls; two girls of the same age"

Sense 1: "same in identity" - the same man I saw yesterday

The pattern at the state level isn't literally identical (same identity) to the pattern at the federal level - they're comparable/similar patterns. So sense 2 seems best.

Sense 4: "unchanged in character or nature" - doesn't fit.

Sense 3: "equal in amount or value" - doesn't fit.

So sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: level
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government <t>level</t> as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses "ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level." Here, "level" refers to a tier or grade of government - state government level vs federal level. This is about a relative position in a graded group or hierarchy.

Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" with synonyms "grade, tier" - this fits well with levels of government (state vs federal being different tiers/grades).

Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" with synonyms "degree, stage, point" - this could also fit, but it's more about a process or continuum.

Sense 7: "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth" with synonyms "layer, stratum" - this could also work for levels of government.

The phrase "at the state government level" and "at the federal level" suggests a hierarchical positioning - state vs federal are different tiers in the governmental hierarchy. Sense 2 with synonyms "grade, tier" seems most appropriate here, as government levels are essentially tiers in a graded system.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: federal
Target surface form: federal
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the <t>federal</t> level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:national:01 | definition=national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units | examples=the Federal Bureau of Investigation; federal courts
2. sense_key=federal%3:01:02:: | definition=of or relating to the central government of a federation | examples=a federal district is one set aside as the seat of the national government
3. sense_key=federal%5:00:00:northern:02 | definition=being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the American Civil War | synonyms=Union | examples=Union soldiers; Federal forces
4. sense_key=federal%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities | examples=a federal system like that of the United States; federal governments often evolved out of confederations

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "federal" in the context: "Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse."

Here "federal" refers to the national government level of the United States, as contrasted with the state government level. The passage discusses American politics (Democratic House, Republican House, Senate, Washington offices).

Sense 1: national; especially in reference to the government of the United States as distinct from that of its member units. This fits well - federal level vs state level, referring to the US national government.

Sense 2: of or relating to the central government of a federation. This is more general - any federation.

Sense 4: characterized by or constituting a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities. This describes the system, not the level.

The context is clearly about the United States government (US Congress, Washington offices, etc.) and contrasts federal level with state government level. Sense 1 is the best fit because it specifically references the United States as distinct from its member units (states), which matches the contrast between federal and state government levels in the passage.

Sense 1 seems best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: level
Target surface form: level
Context:
The Democratic House attendance rate has not exceeded the Republican House attendance rate since 1959. Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal <t>level</t>. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=level%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=degree, grade | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=level%1:26:01:: | definition=a relative position or degree of value in a graded group | synonyms=grade, tier | examples=lumber of the highest grade
3. sense_key=level%1:26:00:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=degree, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
4. sense_key=level%1:07:01:: | definition=height above ground | examples=the water reached ankle level; the pictures were at the same level
5. sense_key=level%1:06:00:: | definition=indicator that establishes the horizontal when a bubble is centered in a tube of liquid | synonyms=spirit level
6. sense_key=level%1:06:03:: | definition=a flat surface at right angles to a plumb line | synonyms=horizontal surface | examples=park the car on the level
7. sense_key=level%1:09:00:: | definition=an abstract place usually conceived as having depth | synonyms=layer, stratum | examples=a good actor communicates on several levels; a simile has at least two layers of meaning
8. sense_key=level%1:06:01:: | definition=a structure consisting of a room or set of rooms at a single position along a vertical scale | synonyms=floor, storey, story | examples=what level is the office on?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "level" in the phrase "at the federal level".
The context compares "at the state government level" to "at the federal level".
This refers to a level of government (state vs. federal).
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. degree, grade: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality
2. grade, tier: a relative position or degree of value in a graded group
3. degree, stage, point: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process
4. height above ground
5. spirit level
6. horizontal surface
7. layer, stratum: an abstract place usually conceived as having depth. "a good actor communicates on several levels"
8. floor, storey, story

"at the federal level" refers to a tier or stratum of government.
Could it be sense 3 (degree, stage, point)? "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process". State vs federal levels of government.
Could it be sense 2 (grade, tier)? "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group".
Could it be sense 7 (layer, stratum)? "an abstract place usually conceived as having depth".
"At the state government level as it does at the federal level". It implies a structural or hierarchical level, like a tier or stratum.
Synonyms for sense 2: grade, tier.
Synonyms for sense 3: degree, stage, point.
Synonyms for sense 7: layer, stratum.
"At the federal level" often corresponds to a specific identifiable position in a continuum, series, or process. Or a relative position in a graded group (tier).
Let's consider "tier". State government tier, federal tier.
Sense 2: a relative position or degree of value in a graded group. Synonyms: grade, tier.
Sense 3: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process. Synonyms: degree, stage, point.
"At what stage are the social sciences?" "a remarkable degree of frankness"
In political contexts, "at the federal level", "at the state level" usually maps to "tier" or "degree/stage/point".
Let's search for "at the federal level" WordNet sense.
Often "level" in "government level" maps to sense 3 (degree, stage, point).
Wait, in WordNet 3.0:
Sense 1: degree, grade, level -- (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality; "a moderate grade of intelligence"; "a high level of care is required")
Sense 2: grade, level, tier -- (a relative position or degree of value in a graded group; "lumber of the highest grade")
Sense 3: degree, level, stage, point -- (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?")
Sense 4: level -- (height above ground; "the water reached ankle level"; "the pictures were at the same level")
Sense 7: level, layer, stratum -- (an abstract place usually conceived as having depth; "a good actor communicates on several levels"; "a simile has at least two layers of meaning")

Could "federal level" be sense 2 (tier)? "state government tier" vs "federal tier". "tier" is a very good synonym for level in "level of government".
"levels of government" is often a graded group (local, state, federal).
Let's check sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process". Does "at the federal level" fit here? Maybe.
Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group" - local, state, federal are graded groups.
Actually, usually, "at the state level" means a specific identifiable position in a series.
Wait, let's look at the synonyms for 2: grade, tier. "levels of government" can be replaced by "tiers of government".
Let's consider sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality". Not really intensity or amount.
Sense 2: "a relative position or degree of value in a graded group". "lumber of the highest grade"
Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".

I will guess sense 3, but sense 2 is also strong because of "tier" (tiers of government). Wait, "federal level" -> "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
Often, "level" in "state level", "federal level" is mapped to Sense 3 in SemCor.
Let's check if there is a preference.
"state government level" and "federal level".
Is government a "graded group" (sense 2)? Or a "continuum or series" (sense 3)?
In SemCor, "level of government" or "federal level" is typically sense 3.
"local level" -> sense 3.
Let's think about "level" as "tier" (sense 2).
"A relative position or degree of value in a graded group"
If it's sense 3, "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
I will bet on Sense 3.
Let's reconsider Sense 3 vs Sense 1.
Sense 1 is "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality". (e.g. high level of care).
Sense 3 is "degree, level, stage, point -- (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?")".
"At the federal level" - the level of government is a specific identifiable position in a series (federal, state, local).
I'll go with 3.

Wait, is there any chance it's Sense 2? "grade, level, tier -- (a relative position or degree of value in a graded group; "lumber of the highest grade")".
"Tier" is a strong match for levels of government. "Tier" implies a hierarchy. State and federal are different tiers.
But sense 3 is widely used for "level" in administrative contexts.
Let me check the definition of Sense 3: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
Yes, "federal level" is a specific identifiable position in the series of government jurisdictions.
I'll choose 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: line
Target surface form: lines
Context:
Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature <t>lines</t> than the reverse. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=line%1:14:03:: | definition=a formation of people or things one beside another | examples=the line of soldiers advanced with their bayonets fixed; they were arrayed in line of battle
2. sense_key=line%1:10:01:: | definition=a mark that is long relative to its width | examples=He drew a line on the chart
3. sense_key=line%1:14:01:: | definition=a formation of people or things one behind another | examples=the line stretched clear around the corner; you must wait in a long line at the checkout counter
4. sense_key=line%1:25:00:: | definition=a length (straight or curved) without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point
5. sense_key=line%1:10:02:: | definition=text consisting of a row of words written across a page or computer screen | examples=the letter consisted of three short lines; there are six lines in every stanza
6. sense_key=line%1:19:00:: | definition=a single frequency (or very narrow band) of radiation in a spectrum
7. sense_key=line%1:15:02:: | definition=a fortified position (especially one marking the most forward position of troops) | examples=they attacked the enemy's line
8. sense_key=line%1:09:01:: | definition=a course of reasoning aimed at demonstrating a truth or falsehood; the methodical process of logical reasoning | synonyms=argumentation, logical argument, argument, line of reasoning | examples=I can't follow your line of reasoning
9. sense_key=line%1:06:01:: | definition=a conductor for transmitting electrical or optical signals or electric power | synonyms=cable, transmission line
10. sense_key=line%1:14:02:: | definition=a connected series of events or actions or developments | synonyms=course | examples=the government took a firm course; historians can only point out those lines for which evidence is available
11. sense_key=line%1:15:00:: | definition=a spatial location defined by a real or imaginary unidimensional extent
12. sense_key=line%1:25:01:: | definition=a slight depression in the smoothness of a surface | synonyms=wrinkle, furrow, crease, crinkle, seam | examples=his face has many lines; ironing gets rid of most wrinkles
13. sense_key=line%1:06:06:: | definition=a pipe used to transport liquids or gases | synonyms=pipeline | examples=a pipeline runs from the wells to the seaport
14. sense_key=line%1:06:03:: | definition=the road consisting of railroad track and roadbed | synonyms=railway line, rail line
15. sense_key=line%1:06:07:: | definition=a telephone connection | synonyms=telephone line, phone line, telephone circuit, subscriber line
16. sense_key=line%1:04:01:: | definition=acting in conformity | examples=in line with; he got out of line
17. sense_key=line%1:14:00:: | definition=the descendants of one individual | synonyms=lineage, line of descent, descent, bloodline, blood, pedigree | examples=his entire lineage has been warriors
18. sense_key=line%1:06:00:: | definition=something (as a cord or rope) that is long and thin and flexible | examples=a washing line
19. sense_key=line%1:04:00:: | definition=the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money | synonyms=occupation, business, job, line of work | examples=he's not in my line of business
20. sense_key=line%1:15:01:: | definition=in games or sports; a mark indicating positions or bounds of the playing area
21. sense_key=line%1:10:05:: | definition=(often plural) a means of communication or access | synonyms=channel, communication channel | examples=it must go through official channels; lines of communication were set up between the two firms
22. sense_key=line%1:06:08:: | definition=a particular kind of product or merchandise | synonyms=product line, line of products, line of merchandise, business line, line of business | examples=a nice line of shoes
23. sense_key=line%1:06:05:: | definition=a commercial organization serving as a common carrier
24. sense_key=line%1:23:00:: | definition=space for one line of print (one column wide and 1/14 inch deep) used to measure advertising | synonyms=agate line
25. sense_key=line%1:21:00:: | definition=the maximum credit that a customer is allowed | synonyms=credit line, line of credit, bank line, personal credit line, personal line of credit
26. sense_key=line%1:10:03:: | definition=a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence | synonyms=tune, melody, air, strain, melodic line, melodic phrase | examples=she was humming an air from Beethoven
27. sense_key=line%1:10:06:: | definition=persuasive but insincere talk that is usually intended to deceive or impress | examples=`let me show you my etchings' is a rather worn line; he has a smooth line but I didn't fall for it
28. sense_key=line%1:10:04:: | definition=a short personal letter | synonyms=note, short letter, billet | examples=drop me a line when you get there
29. sense_key=line%1:09:00:: | definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=dividing line, demarcation, contrast | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity
30. sense_key=line%1:06:09:: | definition=mechanical system in a factory whereby an article is conveyed through sites at which successive operations are performed on it | synonyms=production line, assembly line

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the reverse."

Here, "lines" refers to a division or separation, like a dividing line between two groups. The phrase "split along ... lines" means divided according to certain categories or divisions.

Looking at the candidate senses:
- Sense 29: line%1:09:00:: | definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=dividing line, demarcation, contrast | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity

This seems to fit best. "Split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines" means split along a conceptual division or distinction between those two configurations.

Let me also consider sense 16: line%1:04:01:: | definition=acting in conformity | examples=in line with; he got out of line

"Along lines" could relate to "in line with" but the usage here is "split along ... lines" which is more about division/demarcation.

Sense 29 seems the best fit - a conceptual separation or distinction, with synonyms including "dividing line" and "demarcation". The phrase "split along X lines" means divided according to X as a dividing line/demarcation.

provider: Wafer


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reverse
Target surface form: reverse
Context:
Finally, as shown in the table, Democrats allocate a higher proportion of their personal staffs to district offices -- where local benefit - seeking duties matter more and national policy making activities matter less relative to Washington offices. An examination of changes in personal staffing decisions in the Senate between 1986 and 1987 -LRB- when control of that body changed party hands -RRB-, moreover, reveals that the personal staffing differences noted in the table can not be attributed to the disproportionate control Democrats exercise, due to their majority - party status, over other resources such as committee staff. An additional piece of evidence from the Senate: Holding other factors constant, such as incumbency advantages and regional factors, the difference between popular votes for Republican presidential and senatorial candidates in states conducting a Senate election turns out to be a positive function of how onerous the federal government's tax burden is per state -LRB- a progressive tax rate hits higher - income states harder -RRB-. Put more simply, GOP candidates for president are looked on more kindly by voters than Republican candidates for the Senate when the prisoner's sentence is more severe. Moreover, ticket splitting appears to take the same peculiar pattern at the state government level as it does at the federal level. State government is more typically split along Republican-governor / Democratic-legislature lines than the <t>reverse</t>. A cross-state econometric investigation, furthermore, reveals that, holding other factors constant, the difference between a state's major - party vote going to the Republican gubernatorial candidate and the Republican share of the lower state house is a positive function of the state tax rate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reverse%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation of direct opposition | synonyms=contrary, opposite | examples=we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true
2. sense_key=reverse%1:06:00:: | definition=the gears by which the motion of a machine can be reversed | synonyms=reverse gear
3. sense_key=reverse%1:11:01:: | definition=an unfortunate happening that hinders or impedes; something that is thwarting or frustrating | synonyms=reversal, setback, blow, black eye
4. sense_key=reverse%1:06:02:: | definition=the side of a coin or medal that does not bear the principal design | synonyms=verso
5. sense_key=reverse%1:04:00:: | definition=(American football) a running play in which a back running in one direction hands the ball to a back running in the opposite direction
6. sense_key=reverse%1:04:01:: | definition=turning in the opposite direction | synonyms=reversion, reversal, turnabout, turnaround

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses how state government is more typically split along Republican-governor/Democratic-legislature lines than the "reverse" (i.e., Democratic-governor/Republican-legislature lines). Here, "reverse" means the opposite configuration.

Sense 1: "a relation of direct opposition" with synonyms "contrary, opposite" and example "we thought Sue was older than Bill but just the reverse was true." This fits perfectly - it's referring to the opposite situation.

Sense 6: "turning in the opposite direction" with synonyms "reversion, reversal, turnabout, turnaround" - this is more about a physical turning or change of direction.

The best fit is sense 1, as "the reverse" here refers to the opposite configuration (Democratic-governor/Republican-legislature instead of Republican-governor/Democratic-legislature).