[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 <t>months</t> with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "months" in the context "an average of 8.3 months".
The context discusses the duration of survival time: "survived for an average of 12.1 months".
Sense 1 is "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year" (calendar month), e.g., "he paid the bill last month".
Sense 2 is "a time unit of approximately 30 days", e.g., "he was given a month to pay the bill".
Here, "months" is used as a measure of time duration ("8.3 months", "12.1 months", "10.3 months"), not referring to a specific calendar month (like January or February).
Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct choice.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, <t>compared</t> with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "compared" in the context "the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel."
Here, "compared" is used to show the similarity or difference between two survival times (8.3 months vs 7.9 months).
Sense 1: "examine and note the similarities or differences of" (compare%2:31:00::).
Sense 2: "be comparable" (compare%2:42:00::).
Let's look at the context carefully: "compared with 7.9 months". It's a participle construction indicating the comparison being made between the two numbers. "Examine and note the similarities or differences of" fits perfectly because the text is presenting the differences in survival times.
Wait, Sense 2 is "be comparable". Does "compared" in "compared with" mean "be comparable"? No, "compared with" usually introduces the baseline or the other item in an examination of differences.
Wait, looking at Sense 1: "examine and note the similarities or differences of".
Let's check Sense 2 again. "This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes." This is about the ability to be compared.
"compared with 7.9 months" means "when compared with" or "as compared with".
So the act of comparing is noting the difference between 8.3 and 7.9.
Sense 1 fits well. Let's see if Sense 1 is the standard dictionary definition for "compare".

Let's evaluate the options:
1. examine and note the similarities or differences of - Examples: John compared his haircut to his friend's
2. be comparable - Examples: This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous - Examples: We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans
4. to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

In the text, it's "compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel". It is comparing the 8.3 months to the 7.9 months to note the difference. Sense 1 is the best fit.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 <t>months</t> with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "months" in the context: "the average survival time was 8.3 months with docetaxel."
Sense 1: calendar month (one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year).
Sense 2: a time unit of approximately 30 days.
The context describes a duration of time ("8.3 months"), not a specific named calendar month (like January or December). Therefore, it's a time unit of approximately 30 days.
Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In <t>patients</t> who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "patients" in the context: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."
Context analysis: The text discusses "Alimta" increasing survival time of "patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma." These are clearly individuals receiving medical care.
Sense 1: "a person who requires medical care". Example: "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly".
Sense 2: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause". Synonyms: affected role, patient role. This is a grammatical/semantic role (like subject or object), not a person receiving medical care.

The text is about people receiving medical treatment. So Sense 1 is the right one.

provider: AkashML


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "past" in the context: "In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."

Here, "in the past" refers to a time that has elapsed (before the current moment). It's referring to the time before now, the elapsed time.

Sense 1: "the time that has elapsed" - this fits well. "In the past" means "in earlier times" or "previously."
Sense 2: "a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret)" - this doesn't fit; it's about a secret past, like a candidate's past.
Sense 3: "a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past" - this is about grammar, not relevant here.

The best sense is sense 1, "the time that has elapsed." The phrase "in the past" means "previously" or "at an earlier time," referring to elapsed time.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the <t>average</t> survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "average" in the phrase "the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."

This is about a statistical mean - the average survival time. It's approximating the statistical norm or expected value.

Sense 1: "approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value" with synonym "mean" and examples like "the average income in New England is below that of the nation."

This fits perfectly - "average survival time" refers to the mean survival time, which is a statistical average.

Sense 6 is about "median" - the middle value of an ordered set. While survival times can be reported as medians, the word "average" typically refers to the mean, not the median. The context uses "average" which most naturally maps to "mean."

So the best sense is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average <t>survival</t> time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "survival" in the context of "average survival time" for cancer patients.
Sense 1: "a state of surviving; remaining alive" (synonyms: endurance)
Sense 2: "a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment" (synonyms: survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection)
Sense 3: "something that survives"

The context refers to "survival time," meaning the time patients remain alive after treatment.
Sense 1 fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "time" in the context: "the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups."
The phrase "survival time" refers to a period of time. Specifically, it is "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)".
Let's check the candidates:
1. an instance or single occasion for some event
2. a period of time considered as a resource under your control
3. an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)
4. a suitable moment
5. the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. a person's experience on a particular occasion
7. a reading of a point in time as given by a clock
8. the fourth coordinate
9. rhythm
10. the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned

The context refers to "survival time", meaning the duration or period of time a patient survived, marked by the attribute of survival. Sense 3 fits best ("he waited a long time"). It's a period of time.
Wait, is it an indefinite period? 10.3 months is a definite period, but the definition "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" covers "a long time" and other durations of an activity.
Let's look closely at sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting". Yes, "survival time" is a duration/period.
Sense 1 is an instance or single occasion (e.g., "this time he succeeded").
Sense 2 is about time as a resource.
Sense 5 is the abstract continuum.
Sense 3 is the best fit for a duration like "survival time" (a period of time marked by the attribute of surviving).

Let's verify.
"survival time" = period of surviving.
So sense 3 fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 <t>months</t> in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "months" in the context of "survival time was 10.3 months".
The two senses are:
1. month%1:28:01:: - one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (calendar month)
2. month%1:28:00:: - a time unit of approximately 30 days

In the context of "10.3 months", it is a time unit of approximately 30 days. It is not referring to one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (like January, February, etc. or "last month", "next month"). 10.3 months refers to a duration of time.
Therefore, sense 2 is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: group
Target surface form: groups
Context:
What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both <t>groups</t>. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=group%1:03:00:: | definition=any number of entities (members) considered as a unit | synonyms=grouping
2. sense_key=group%1:27:00:: | definition=(chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule | synonyms=radical, chemical group
3. sense_key=group%1:09:00:: | definition=a set that is closed, associative, has an identity element and every element has an inverse | synonyms=mathematical group

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about medical studies comparing survival times of patients receiving different treatments. "In both groups" refers to groups of patients (entities considered as a unit) in the study.

Sense 1: any number of entities (members) considered as a unit - synonyms: grouping
Sense 2: chemistry - atoms bound together
Sense 3: mathematics - mathematical group

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit here, referring to groups of patients in the study.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: however
Target surface form: However
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. <t>However</t>, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=however%4:02:00:: | definition=despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession) | synonyms=nevertheless, withal, still, yet, all the same, even so | examples=although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed
2. sense_key=however%4:02:04:: | definition=by contrast; on the other hand | examples=the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours
3. sense_key=however%4:02:02:: | definition=to whatever degree or extent | examples=The results, however general, are important; they have begun, however reluctantly, to acknowledge the legitimacy of some of the opposition's concerns
4. sense_key=however%4:02:01:: | definition=in whatever way or manner | examples=Victory, however it was brought about, was sweet; however he did it, it was very clever

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
Looking at the context, "However" introduces a contrasting finding to the preceding statements about survival times. The previous sentences describe similar or slightly different survival times between groups, but "However" signals that when examining a subgroup (non-squamous cell patients), Alimta actually showed longer survival times. This contrastive function is reinforced by the immediately following sentence beginning with "In contrast."

This matches sense 2: "by contrast; on the other hand" — the example "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours" demonstrates the same contrastive usage.

{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content:
The target word "However" appears at the beginning of a sentence: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator."

Looking at the context:
- The previous text discusses survival times for different groups of patients.
- It mentions that in patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, survival was 8.3 months with Alimta vs 7.9 with docetaxel.
- It mentions that in patients who had NOT received chemotherapy in the past, survival was 10.3 months in both groups (equal).
- Then: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta..."
- And: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

The "However" here is introducing a contrast or qualification. The previous sentence said survival was the same (10.3 months in both groups) for patients who hadn't received chemotherapy. But then "However" introduces a nuance - when you look at the type of cancer (squamous vs non-squamous), there IS a difference.

This seems to be sense 1 (despite anything to the contrary / nevertheless) or sense 2 (by contrast / on the other hand).

Sense 1: "despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)" - examples: "although I'm a little afraid, however I'd like to try it; while we disliked each other, nevertheless we agreed"

Sense 2: "by contrast; on the other hand" - examples: "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours"

In this context, "However" is used to introduce a contrasting point. The previous text says the survival times were equal (10.3 months in both groups), but "However" introduces that when broken down by cancer type, there was actually a difference. This is introducing a contrast to what was just stated.

Looking at the sentence that follows: "In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta." The use of "In contrast" right after suggests that "However" was also serving a contrastive function, introducing a contrasting finding.

Sense 2 seems most appropriate: "by contrast; on the other hand" - The "However" is introducing a contrasting observation about the subgroup analysis. The example "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours" shows this contrastive use.

But wait, let me reconsider sense 1. The word "However" here could also be interpreted as "despite what was just said (that survival was equal), there was actually a difference in subgroups." This would be sense 1 (nevertheless, despite anything to the contrary).

Actually, looking more carefully:
- The previous paragraph discusses overall survival times that were similar or slightly different.
- "However" introduces a new finding that contrasts with the general picture - for non-squamous patients, Alimta was better.
- This is followed by "In contrast" for squamous patients.

The use of "However" here seems to be introducing a contrast or qualification to the preceding statements. It's saying "despite what I just told you about similar survival times, here's a contrasting finding."

I think sense 2 (by contrast; on the other hand) fits better here because:
1. The context is clearly about contrasting findings
2. The following sentence uses "In contrast" which reinforces that this is a contrastive use
3. The example "the first part was easy; the second, however, took hours" parallels the structure here - contrasting two different aspects

Sense 1 is more about concession (despite a concession), like "although X, however Y" or "while X, nevertheless Y." Here, there isn't really a concession - it's more of a direct contrast between the overall findings and the subgroup findings.

I'll go with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both <t>studies</t>, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses clinical trials where "studies" refers to the two groups of patients (those who had received chemotherapy and those who had not) in clinical trials comparing Alimta to other treatments. The word "studies" here refers to clinical studies/trials, which are detailed critical inspections or investigations.

Sense 1: "a detailed critical inspection" with synonym "survey" - This fits clinical studies, which are detailed investigations.
Sense 3: "a written document describing the findings of some individual or group" with synonyms "report, written report" - This could also fit, as clinical studies often result in reports.

However, "in both studies" here refers to the two clinical trials/studies being discussed (one with previously treated patients, one with untreated patients). These are the studies themselves - the investigations/trials - not necessarily the written reports about them.

Sense 1 seems most appropriate: "a detailed critical inspection" - clinical studies are detailed investigations.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "patient", surface form "patients".
Context is about medical trials of Alimta, treating cancer, survival times of "patients".
Sense 1: "a person who requires medical care" - examples: the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
Sense 2: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause" - synonyms: affected role, patient role

In the context, "patients" refers to people with cancer who are receiving medical care (Alimta, cisplatin, chemotherapy). This clearly matches sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "cancer" in context refers to a disease - malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal cell division. The context discusses patients, survival times, chemotherapy, squamous cells, and treatments like Alimta. This clearly refers to the medical sense of cancer.

Sense 1: cancer%1:26:00:: - any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease

This is the correct sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: affect
Target surface form: affecting
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "affect" and the surface form is "affecting".
Context: "...patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times..."
"Cancer affecting squamous cells" means the cancer is impacting/having an effect upon the squamous cells (i.e., physically affecting the cells, spreading to or involving them).
Candidate senses:
1. have an effect upon (impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch) - general effect.
2. act physically on; have an effect upon - physical effect (e.g., medicine affects heart rate).
3. connect closely and often incriminatingly (involve, regard) - e.g., affects your business.
4. make believe with the intent to deceive (feign, sham, pretend, dissemble).
5. have an emotional or cognitive impact upon (impress, move, strike).

"Cancer affecting squamous cells" -> The cancer is physically acting on the squamous cells (or the cancer involves squamous cells). Let's look at sense 2: "act physically on; have an effect upon" -> "the medicine affects my heart rate". Cancer physically affecting cells fits "act physically on". Wait, does "affecting" here mean "involve" (sense 3)? Or general effect (sense 1)?
Sense 1 is "have an effect upon". Sense 2 specifically mentions "act physically on". "Cancer affecting squamous cells" means cancer is physically affecting the cells. But wait, "affect" in medical contexts often just maps to sense 1 or sense 2. Let's look at sense 2 example: "the medicine affects my heart rate". Medicine physically acts on the heart. Cancer physically acts on cells? Yes, it grows in them or spreads to them.
Let's check if there's a difference between 1 and 2 in standard WSD. Sense 2 is "act physically on; have an effect upon". In the context of cancer affecting cells, it is a physical action. But wait, "affect" as in "the disease affects the lungs" is usually translated to physical action. Is it sense 1 or 2?
Sense 1: "Will the new rules affect me?" (abstract).
Sense 2: "the medicine affects my heart rate" (physical/biological).
Cancer affecting squamous cells is biological/physical.

Let's consider Sense 1 again. In many WSD datasets, medical "affect" maps to sense 1 (have an effect upon) or 2 (act physically on). Actually, cancer affecting squamous cells means the cancer has a physical effect on the cells.
Let's choose sense 2 because of the physical/biological nature of cancer affecting cells. Wait, could it be sense 1?
"affect%2:30:00::" is the first sense in WordNet (affect%2:30:00::).
"affect%2:29:00::" is the second sense (affect%2:29:00::). Wait, 2:30 is "have an effect upon". 2:29 is "act physically on; have an effect upon". "2:29" vs "2:30". "2:30" is the most common sense (the super-ordinate). "2:29" is specifically physical. "affecting squamous cells" definitely involves a physical effect. Let's check the examples: "the medicine affects my heart rate". Medicine affecting heart rate is a biological/physical effect. Cancer affecting squamous cells is also a biological/physical effect. So sense 2 is a very strong fit.

Let's review the context: "patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells". This means the cancer did not involve/impact the squamous cells physically. Sense 2 (affect%2:29:00::) definition: "act physically on; have an effect upon". Example: "the medicine affects my heart rate". Sense 1 definition: "have an effect upon". Example: "Will the new rules affect me?".

I will select sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: long
Target surface form: longer
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had <t>longer</t> survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=long%3:00:02:: | definition=primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified | examples=a long life; a long boring speech
2. sense_key=long%3:00:01:: | definition=primarily spatial sense; of relatively great or greater than average spatial extension or extension as specified | examples=a long road; a long distance
3. sense_key=long%5:00:00:tall:00 | definition=of relatively great height; - Sherwood Anderson | examples=a race of long gaunt men; looked out the long French windows
4. sense_key=long%3:00:00:: | definition=good at remembering | synonyms=retentive, recollective, tenacious | examples=a retentive mind; tenacious memory
5. sense_key=long%3:00:05:: | definition=holding securities or commodities in expectation of a rise in prices | examples=is long on coffee; a long position in gold
6. sense_key=long%3:00:04:: | definition=(of speech sounds or syllables) of relatively long duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `bate', `beat', `bite', `boat', `boot' are long
7. sense_key=long%5:00:00:unsound:00 | definition=involving substantial risk | examples=long odds
8. sense_key=long%5:00:00:provident:00 | definition=planning prudently for the future | synonyms=farseeing, farsighted, foresighted, foresightful, prospicient, longsighted | examples=large goals that required farsighted policies; took a long view of the geopolitical issues
9. sense_key=long%5:00:00:abundant:00 | definition=having or being more than normal or necessary: | examples=long on brains; in long supply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about survival times being "longer" for patients receiving Alimta. This is clearly about duration of time, not spatial extension.

Sense 1: "primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified" - examples: "a long life", "a long boring speech"

This fits perfectly with "longer survival times".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer <t>survival</t> times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about medical treatment and how long patients live after receiving a drug. "survival time" refers to the time patients remain alive. So the best sense is "a state of surviving; remaining alive".


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: times
Context:
Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival <t>times</t> if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "times" in the context: "patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta"

"survival times" - here "times" refers to the duration or period of time that patients survived. Let's look at the senses.

1. an instance or single occasion for some event - "this time he succeeded; he called four times" - This is about occurrences/instances. "Survival times" could potentially be interpreted as instances, but it's more about the duration.

2. a period of time considered as a resource under your control - No.

3. an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) - "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting" - This is about a period of time. "Survival times" = the periods of time during which patients survived. This seems closest.

4. a suitable moment - No.

5. the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past - This is abstract time itself. Not quite.

6. a person's experience on a particular occasion - No.

7. a reading of a point in time as given by a clock - No.

8. the fourth coordinate - No.

9. rhythm - No.

10. the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned - No, too specific.

Between 1 and 3. "Survival times" refers to the lengths/periods of time patients survived. Sense 3 "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" with examples "he waited a long time" seems to fit best. "Longer survival times" = longer periods of survival.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 1. "an instance or single occasion for some event" - "he called four times" means four instances. "Survival times" could mean the durations measured. But the examples for sense 1 are about counting occurrences, not measuring duration.

Sense 3 "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - "he waited a long time" - this is about a period/duration. "Survival times" = periods of survival. This fits better.

I'll go with sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: contrast
Target surface form: contrast
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In <t>contrast</t>, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=contrast%1:24:00:: | definition=the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; , | synonyms=direct contrast | examples=in contrast to; by contrast
2. sense_key=contrast%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distinguishing by comparing differences
3. sense_key=contrast%1:09:01:: | definition=a conceptual separation or distinction | synonyms=line, dividing line, demarcation | examples=there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity
4. sense_key=contrast%1:09:00:: | definition=the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors
5. sense_key=contrast%1:07:00:: | definition=the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print (or the extent to which adjacent areas on a television screen differ in brightness)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "contrast" used in the phrase "In contrast,".
Context: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."
Sense 1: definition=the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared; examples=in contrast to; by contrast.
Sense 2: definition=the act of distinguishing by comparing differences.
Sense 3: definition=a conceptual separation or distinction.
Sense 4: definition=the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors.
Sense 5: definition=the range of optical density and tone on a photographic negative or print...
The context uses "In contrast," to juxtapose two opposite outcomes (longer survival vs. shorter survival) in two different groups.
Sense 1 is exactly the right one, as shown by the synonyms and examples ("in contrast to", "by contrast").


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, <t>patients</t> whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "patient" and the surface form is "patients".
The context is about medical patients receiving treatment for cancer.
"patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."
Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Sense 1 is clearly the correct one in this context, as it refers to people receiving medical care (Alimta, cisplatin, chemotherapy).
Sense 2 refers to a grammatical/semantic role, which is not the meaning here.

Output: {"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose <t>cancer</t> was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about medical treatment, specifically about cancer affecting squamous cells, Alimta, cisplatin, chemotherapy, lung cancer, survival times. This is clearly about the disease cancer, which is sense 1.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: affect
Target surface form: affecting
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was <t>affecting</t> squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. sense_key=affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. sense_key=affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. sense_key=affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. sense_key=affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about cancer affecting squamous cells. "patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells" means the cancer is having an effect upon / impacting the squamous cells.

Let's look at the senses:
1. affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate
3. affect%2:42:00:: | definition=connect closely and often incriminatingly | synonyms=involve, regard | examples=This new ruling affects your business
4. affect%2:32:00:: | definition=make believe with the intent to deceive | synonyms=feign, sham, pretend, dissemble | examples=He feigned that he was ill; He shammed a headache
5. affect%2:37:00:: | definition=have an emotional or cognitive impact upon | synonyms=impress, move, strike | examples=This child impressed me as unusually mature; This behavior struck me as odd

Sense 1 is "have an effect upon" (general).
Sense 2 is "act physically on; have an effect upon" (physical action).
The cancer is physically acting on / affecting the squamous cells. Wait, is cancer physically acting on the squamous cells? Yes, it's growing in them, affecting them physically. Let's look at the difference between Sense 1 and Sense 2. Sense 2 example is "the medicine affects my heart rate", which is a physical effect. Cancer affecting squamous cells could be either 1 or 2.

Actually, "cancer affecting squamous cells" means the cancer involves or affects the squamous cells.
Wait, squamous cells are a type of cell. "Cancer affecting squamous cells" means the cancer is in the squamous cells, or it has an effect on them. "patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times... patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times" - this refers to squamous vs non-squamous histology (e.g., adenocarcinoma vs squamous cell carcinoma). In this context, "affecting" means "involving" or "having an effect upon" - the cancer is physically present in those cells. Sense 2 "act physically on; have an effect upon" fits perfectly because cancer physically acts on cells.
Let's see if sense 1 "have an effect upon" is better. The sense 1 is the most common general sense. Sense 2 specifies "act physically on". Does cancer "act physically on" squamous cells? Yes, cancer involves physical changes to the cells.
Wait, sense 1 is "have an effect upon", which is very broad. "Will the new rules affect me?" - rules are abstract. Cancer is physical. The medicine is physical and affects heart rate physically.
Actually, usually "cancer affecting squamous cells" falls under "involve" (sense 3) or "have an effect upon" (sense 1). Let's consider sense 1.
Sense 1: affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?

Is "cancer affecting squamous cells" an example of "act physically on"? In WordNet, affect%2:29:00:: is often used for physical effects. Let's search for the phrase "whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells".
Wait! If the cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, it *is* squamous cells that are cancerous. The cancer doesn't "act physically on" normal squamous cells, but the cancer involves the squamous cells. But wait, Sense 3 is "connect closely and often incriminatingly", synonyms "involve, regard" - "This new ruling affects your business".
If "involve" is the intended meaning, sense 3 could be it. But "affect" here means it impacts them or involves them. Usually, "affect" in medical contexts meaning "involve" maps to affect%2:30:00:: (have an effect upon). Wait, "affecting" here is likely sense 1.
Let's look at sense 2: "act physically on; have an effect upon". Example: "the medicine affects my heart rate".
Sense 1: "have an effect upon". Example: "Will the new rules affect me?"
Sense 1 is the most generic and widely applicable sense. "have an effect upon".

Let's think about the context. "patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells" -> "patients whose cancer was having an effect upon squamous cells".
Is it sense 1? "have an effect upon" - Yes, it's a general impact.
What about sense 2? "act physically on" - the cancer is a physical entity. But the distinction in WordNet between 2:30:00 and 2:29:00 is that 2:29:00 is specifically about acting physically on something. Does cancer act physically on the squamous cells? If it's squamous cell carcinoma, the cancer *is* the squamous cells. It doesn't act on them. It involves them. But "involve" as a synonym is in sense 3: "connect closely and often incriminatingly". "This new ruling affects your business". This is more about concern or apply to.

Actually, let's consider the phrase "affecting squamous cells". If we look at similar WSD datasets, "affect" in medical text mapping to "have an effect upon" is generally sense 1.
"affect%2:30:00::" is the top level sense for "affect" (verb).
Let's check the examples for Sense 1: "Will the new rules affect me?"
Example for Sense 2: "the medicine affects my heart rate"
Cancer affecting cells is more like "the medicine affects my heart rate", which is Sense 2 (act physically on; have an effect upon).
Let's re-read Sense 2: "act physically on; have an effect upon". Does cancer act physically on squamous cells? Cancer cells invade and destroy normal cells, so yes, they act physically on them. But wait! If the cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, it's the squamous cells that have become cancerous. So it's not acting on them. It involves them.
But wait! "Patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells" -> This refers to squamous cell carcinoma vs non-squamous. It's a histological classification. In this case, "affecting" means "involving".
Does sense 3 ("involve") fit? "connect closely and often incriminatingly" - "incriminatingly" is usually for crimes, but it's just "involve, regard".
What about Sense 1? "have an effect upon". The cancer has an effect upon squamous cells.

Let's check sense 1 vs sense 2.
In WordNet 3.0:
Sense 1: affect (have an effect upon) "Will the new rules affect me?"
Sense 2: affect, impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch (have an effect upon) - wait, the synonyms for Sense 1 are "impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch", and for Sense 2 it's just "affect". Let's check the exact synsets.
Actually, WordNet 3.0:
affect%2:30:00:: "have an effect upon" - synonyms: impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch
affect%2:29:00:: "act physically on; have an effect upon" - example: "the medicine affects my heart rate"

If cancer affects squamous cells, it's a physical thing. But "affecting" here means "involving" or "having an effect upon". Let's consider if it's Sense 1. In medical contexts, "affecting" often means "involving" (e.g., "cancer affecting the lung"). "Affecting the lung" means the cancer is in the lung.
If "affecting the lung" means "involving the lung", is there a sense for that?
Sense 3: affect, involve, regard (connect closely and often incriminatingly) "This new ruling affects your business"
If it means "have an effect upon", Sense 1 is the most standard translation.

Let's look at another example: "The disease affected his heart." This would be Sense 2 "act physically on; have an effect upon". "the medicine affects my heart rate" is Sense 2. "cancer affecting squamous cells" - cancer is a disease, it acts physically on the cells.
So Sense 2 seems very appropriate for a disease acting on a body part.
Wait, is "cancer affecting squamous cells" acting on the squamous cells? If a patient has squamous cell carcinoma, the cancer is *composed* of squamous cells. It doesn't necessarily *act physically on* normal squamous cells. However, "affecting" in this context just means "having an effect upon" or "involving".
Let's choose Sense 1 as it is the most general and doesn't require the specific "act physically on" nuance if it's just describing which cells are involved. Wait, if it's a disease acting on a body part, Sense 2 is often chosen in medical WSD. Let's look at the provided candidate senses again.
1. affect%2:30:00:: | definition=have an effect upon | synonyms=impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch | examples=Will the new rules affect me?
2. affect%2:29:00:: | definition=act physically on; have an effect upon | examples=the medicine affects my heart rate

Wait, look at the definition of Sense 1: "have an effect upon". Definition of Sense 2: "act physically on; have an effect upon". The cancer acts physically on the cells.
Let's consider Sense 1. "have an effect upon". Does cancer have an effect upon squamous cells? Yes.
Is it Sense 1 or 2? "the medicine affects my heart rate" -> medicine acts physically. Cancer acts physically.
Let's search for "affect%2:30:00" vs "affect%2:29:00". 2:30:00 is the most common sense. 2:29:00 is less common.
"cancer was affecting squamous cells"
If we look at the sentence: "However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times... In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times"
This is specifically talking about "squamous cell carcinoma" vs "non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer". The word "affecting" is used as a simpler way to say "involving" or "originating in". Does "involve" map to Sense 3? Sense 3 is "connect closely and often incriminatingly", synonyms "involve, regard". Examples: "This new ruling affects your business". That's about applying to a business.
If "affecting" means "involving", Sense 3 might be a candidate. But "affecting squamous cells" is more naturally "having an effect upon" or "acting physically on".
Let's assume Sense 1 is the best choice because it's the most general "have an effect upon". Wait, could it be Sense 2? "act physically on; have an effect upon". If the cancer is a physical mass or physical disease, it acts physically on the cells. Let's look at the examples for 2: "the medicine affects my heart rate". Medicine is a physical agent. Rules (Sense 1) are not. Cancer is a physical agent. So Sense 2 seems very plausible.
However, Sense 1's synonyms include "impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch". Sense 2 has no synonyms listed in the prompt (just the definition).
Let's consider the phrase "affecting squamous cells". It means "involving squamous cells". The definition for Sense 1 is "have an effect upon". "Will the new rules affect me?" -> "Will the new rules have an effect upon me?"
Is cancer "acting physically on" the squamous cells? If it's squamous cell carcinoma, it's not acting on them, it's made of them. But the author wrote "affecting" meaning "involving". If it's "involving", Sense 3 is "connect closely and often incriminatingly" (involve, regard). "This new ruling affects your business" -> "This new ruling involves/regards your business".
Is "affecting squamous cells" = "involving squamous cells"? Yes.
But does "affecting" here mean "having an effect upon"? Yes, the cancer is having an effect on the squamous cells (turning them cancerous, or the presence of cancer has an effect on them).
Let's think about typical WSD annotations. Medical texts with "affect" + body part often map to the "act physically on" sense (2:29:00) or the general "have an effect upon" sense (2:30:00).
Let's look closely at Sense 1 vs Sense 2. Sense 2 explicitly says "act physically on". Does the context imply a physical action? "cancer was affecting squamous cells" -> the cancer is physically acting on the squamous cells. This fits Sense 2.
Wait, is there any chance it's Sense 1? "have an effect upon" is broader and doesn't specify physical. But cancer is physical.
Actually, in WordNet, affect%2:30:00 (have an effect upon) is the top sense. "the medicine affects my heart rate" is affect%2:29:00.
If I say "The cancer affected his lungs", it means the cancer physically acted on his lungs.
Let's search my knowledge base for "affect%2:29:00". It is the second sense.
Often, WSD tasks choose the most generic sense if the specific one doesn't strictly apply. Does cancer act physically on squamous cells? If the cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, the squamous cells ARE the cancer. They are not being acted upon. They are the ones that are malignant. So "cancer affecting squamous cells" means "cancer involving squamous cells".
If it means "involving", Sense 3 has the synonym "involve". "connect closely and often incriminatingly". "This new ruling affects your business" - this means the ruling involves/applies to the business.
But wait! "affecting" in "cancer affecting squamous cells" is just a layman's term for "squamous cell carcinoma". The cancer is having an effect upon the squamous cells, or maybe the cancer involves the squamous cells.
Let's reconsider Sense 1. "have an effect upon". The cancer has an effect upon the squamous cells.
Let's consider the phrase "patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells". This translates to "patients whose cancer was not having an effect upon squamous cells". This sounds a bit awkward but possible. "patients whose cancer was not involving squamous cells" sounds better.
If I have to choose between 1, 2, 3.
Sense 1: have an effect upon (general)
Sense 2: act physically on (physical action)
Sense 3: connect closely (involve)
Since it's a disease affecting a specific type of cell, Sense 2 ("act physically on; have an effect upon") fits the pattern of "medicine affects heart rate" (a physical entity affecting a biological component).
Let's evaluate Sense 1. Sense 1 is "have an effect upon". "Will the new rules affect me?"
Let's evaluate Sense 2. "act physically on; have an effect upon".
If we look at the provided examples:
1: Will the new rules affect me?
2: the medicine affects my heart rate
Cancer is a physical disease. It acts physically on the cells. So Sense 2 is a very strong candidate.
Wait, "patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells" - if the cancer is NOT squamous cell carcinoma, does it act physically on the squamous cells? No, the non-squamous cancer is just elsewhere. It doesn't act on the squamous cells. So the negative "not affecting" means "not involving" or "not having an effect on". If it meant "acting physically on", then a non-squamous cancer could still act physically on nearby squamous cells (by compressing them). But here it means the histological type is squamous vs non-squamous. The cancer either is squamous cell carcinoma or it isn't.
In that case, "affecting" means "involving" (Sense 3) or "having an effect upon" (Sense 1).
Let's check if Sense 3 is appropriate. "connect closely and often incriminatingly". "incriminatingly" makes it weird for cancer. "This new ruling affects your business" - the ruling applies to the business.
What about Sense 1? "have an effect upon". "Will the new rules affect me?"
If we think about how "affect" is used in medicine: "The tumor affects the brain." This means the tumor is in the brain or pressing on the brain, acting physically on it. Sense 2.
But "cancer affecting squamous cells" - here "squamous cells" is the type of cell. It means the cancer is squamous cell carcinoma.
Let's reconsider the WordNet sense 1 "have an effect upon". "impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch". "Touch" can mean "involve". "This touches my interests."
I will choose Sense 1, as "have an effect upon" is the most standard and broadly applicable sense for "affect" when it means "impact" or "touch on" a group of cells. Sense 2 is specifically about acting physically, but if the cancer IS squamous cells, it's not acting physically on them, it's just involving them. Sense 1 is safer and more general.

Let me double check Sense 2. Sense 2 definition: "act physically on; have an effect upon". Example: "the medicine affects my heart rate". If a tumor affects a nerve, it physically compresses it. Does cancer affect squamous cells? If it's squamous cell carcinoma, it's made of squamous cells. The cancer is not acting physically on the squamous cells. So Sense 2 is incorrect physically. Sense 1 "have an effect upon" is broad enough to cover "involve" or "impact".
Let's look at Sense 1 again. "have an effect upon" - impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch. "Touch on" and "touch" can mean to relate to or involve.
I will go with Sense 1.

Wait, looking at the exact WordNet 3.0 senses:
affect%2:30:00:: "have an effect upon" (impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch)
affect%2:29:00:: "act physically on; have an effect upon"
Often in these WSD tasks, if the context is about a disease or medical condition having an effect on a body part, it is Sense 2. Let's think if "cancer affecting squamous cells" is considered acting physically. If a patient has squamous cell carcinoma, the cancer is affecting the squamous cells by making them malignant. The cancer (as a disease process) acts physically on the cells (changes their biology). Therefore, Sense 2 might be the intended sense for any disease acting on a biological structure.
Let's search for "affecting squamous cells".
"In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."
This is a real excerpt from an EMA or FDA document about Alimta (pemetrexed). Pemetrexed is known to be more effective in non-squamous NSCLC than squamous NSCLC.
The sentence means "patients whose cancer was of the squamous cell type" or "patients whose cancer involved squamous cells".
Does "involve" map to Sense 3?
Sense 3: "connect closely and often incriminatingly" - synonyms: involve, regard. Example: This new ruling affects your business.
If I say "The cancer involves squamous cells", it means the cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. "This new ruling affects your business" means "This new ruling involves your business". This is a very good match for the meaning!
Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3.
Sense 1: "have an effect upon". "Will the new rules affect me?" -> "Will the new rules have an effect upon me?"
Sense 3: "connect closely and often incriminatingly". "This new ruling affects your business." -> "This new ruling involves your business."
Does the cancer have an effect upon the squamous cells? Yes, it transforms them.
Does the cancer involve the squamous cells? Yes.
But Sense 3's definition includes "often incriminatingly", which is a strong connotation not present here. Also, the synonym "involve" in Sense 3 means "implicate", like "He was involved in the crime".
In WordNet, affect%2:42:00:: "connect closely and often incriminatingly" is for implicating someone.
Therefore, Sense 3 is probably not correct due to the "incriminatingly" and "implicate" connotation.

So it is between Sense 1 and Sense 2.
Sense 1: "have an effect upon"
Sense 2: "act physically on; have an effect upon"
Does cancer act physically on squamous cells?
In medical terminology, a disease "affecting" a tissue usually means it is acting physically on it (e.g., causing damage, inflammation, or structural change). "The disease affected his heart." -> Sense 2.
But wait, "patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells". If it's non-squamous, it's not affecting them.
If "affecting" means "have an effect upon", then non-squamous cancer might still have a systemic effect on squamous cells (e.g., via paraneoplastic syndromes). But the context implies it doesn't. It implies the cancer is physically located in or originated from squamous cells.
So "affecting" here means "having an effect upon" in a general sense, or "acting physically on". Let's think about how these two senses are distinguished in WSD. Sense 2 is for physical agents acting physically (medicine, disease, radiation). Sense 1 is for abstract things (rules, changes, news) or general impact.
Cancer is a physical disease. It acts physically on the cells. So Sense 2 is a strong candidate.
Let's look at the example for Sense 2: "the medicine affects my heart rate". Medicine is a physical agent acting on a physical process.
Cancer is a physical disease acting on physical cells.
So Sense 2 seems plausible.
Let me check if Sense 1 is better. Sense 1 "have an effect upon" is the hypernym of Sense 2. If the physical action is not explicitly the focus, Sense 1 might be chosen. But "affecting squamous cells" literally means the cancer is physically acting on the squamous cells (invading them, growing in them).
I will guess Sense 1 because it is the most common sense of "affect" and "have an effect upon" covers the meaning perfectly without over-specifying the physical action, especially since "affecting" here is used to mean "involving" (squamous vs non-squamous).
Wait, if it's used to mean "involving", maybe it's Sense 1 because "impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch" can mean "involve".
Let's consider the phrase: "patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells".
If I replace "affecting" with "having an effect upon", it works. "patients whose cancer was having an effect upon squamous cells".
If I replace "affecting" with "acting physically on", it also works.
Is there any reason to prefer Sense 1? Sense 1 is the top sense (2:30:00 is usually the first or most frequent sense in WordNet, though here it's listed as 1). Wait, in the prompt, Sense 1 is affect%2:30:00:: and Sense 2 is affect%2:29:00::. The sense number 2:30:00 vs 2:29:00 indicates the file offset. 2:29:00 is actually listed before 2:30:00 in WordNet's database?
No, in WordNet, the senses are ordered by frequency.
Let's check the frequency of "affect".
affect%2:30:00:: "have an effect upon" - this is the most frequent sense (e.g., "Will the new rules affect me?").
affect%2:29:00:: "act physically on; have an effect upon" - this is less frequent.
If the distinction is subtle, WSD systems usually pick the most frequent sense, which is Sense 1.
Let's check if "affecting squamous cells" is just a general "have an effect upon". Yes.
I will output Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: short
Target surface form: shorter
Context:
Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups. However, in both studies, patients whose cancer was not affecting squamous cells had longer survival times if they received Alimta than if they received the comparator. In contrast, patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had <t>shorter</t> survival times if they received Alimta.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=short%3:00:02:: | definition=primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration | examples=a short life; a short flight
2. sense_key=short%3:00:01:: | definition=(primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length | examples=short skirts; short hair
3. sense_key=short%3:00:03:: | definition=low in stature; not tall | synonyms=little | examples=he was short and stocky; short in stature
4. sense_key=short%5:00:00:insufficient:00 | definition=not sufficient to meet a need | synonyms=inadequate, poor | examples=an inadequate income; a poor salary
5. sense_key=short%3:00:00:: | definition=(of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range | synonyms=unretentive, forgetful | examples=a short memory
6. sense_key=short%3:00:05:: | definition=not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices | examples=a short sale; short in cotton
7. sense_key=short%3:00:04:: | definition=of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration | examples=the English vowel sounds in `pat', `pet', `pit', `pot', putt' are short
8. sense_key=short%5:00:02:insufficient:00 | definition=less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so | synonyms=light, scant | examples=a light pound; a scant cup of sugar
9. sense_key=short%5:00:00:improvident:00 | definition=lacking foresight or scope | synonyms=shortsighted, unforesightful, myopic | examples=a short view of the problem; shortsighted policies
10. sense_key=short%5:00:00:breakable:00 | definition=tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening | examples=shortbread is a short crumbly cookie; a short flaky pie crust
11. sense_key=short%5:00:00:discourteous:00 | definition=marked by rude or peremptory shortness | synonyms=brusque, brusk, curt | examples=try to cultivate a less brusque manner; a curt reply

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "shorter" in the context "patients whose cancer was affecting squamous cells had shorter survival times if they received Alimta."

The context is about survival times, which are temporal durations. "Shorter survival times" means the duration of survival was less/limited.

Sense 1: "primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration" with examples "a short life; a short flight" — this fits perfectly because survival time is a temporal duration.

Sense 2 is spatial (length), sense 3 is stature, sense 4 is about speech sounds, sense 8 is about amounts, etc.

The best match is sense 1.