[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, <t>made</t> by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "made" in the context: "the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja"
Here, "made" is used as a past participle modifying "discovery".
The discovery was made by a doctor.
"Make a discovery" is a common collocation.
Looking at the senses:
Sense 16: sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
Sense 7: sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
Sense 17: sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts
Sense 5: sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

Let's look closely at Sense 16: "perform or carry out" (make a decision, make a move). "Make a discovery" aligns with performing an action or carrying out an act of finding something.
Another possibility: Sense 7 "make, formulate, or derive in the mind". But a discovery is not purely in the mind, it's an act of finding.
Sense 6: "create or manufacture a man-made product".
Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become".
Let's check "make a discovery".
In WordNet, "make" in "make a discovery" or "make a mistake" is often under "perform or carry out".
Let's check Sense 24: "carry out or commit" (make a mistake; commit a faux-pas).

Wait, looking at the definition of Sense 16: "perform or carry out". Examples: "make a decision; make a move".
In the text: "the initial discovery ... made by a Boston doctor". This means he carried out the discovery.
Let's see if there is another sense that fits better.
Sense 6: "create or manufacture a man-made product".
Sense 3: "make or cause to be or to become".

Could it be Sense 16?
Let's look at Sense 16 again. `perform or carry out` -> examples: `make a decision; make a move`.
What about "make a discovery"?
If I look at WordNet senses of 'make':
make%2:36:12:: "perform or carry out" (make a decision, make a move)
Is discovery made? Yes.
Let's check Sense 24: `carry out or commit` (make a mistake, commit a faux-pas).
Sense 16 seems like a solid fit for "make a discovery".
Wait, is there a better fit?
Sense 6: "create or manufacture a man-made product" (We produce more cars...)
Sense 9: "create by artistic means" (create a poem)

"Discovery" is an abstract noun, representing an action or its result. When you "make a discovery", you perform the act of discovering.
Sense 16 (perform or carry out) fits this. "make a decision", "make a move", "make a discovery".

Let's review Sense 16: sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
Yes, "make a discovery" falls under "perform or carry out".

Are there any other options?
Sense 13: reach a goal (make the first team)
Sense 23: institute, enact, or establish (make laws)

I am confident in Sense 16.
Index 16: make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: doctor
Target surface form: doctor
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston <t>doctor</t> named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=doctor%1:18:00:: | definition=a licensed medical practitioner | synonyms=doc, physician, MD, Dr., medico | examples=I felt so bad I went to see my doctor
2. sense_key=doctor%1:18:02:: | definition=(Roman Catholic Church) a title conferred on 33 saints who distinguished themselves through the orthodoxy of their theological teaching | synonyms=Doctor of the Church | examples=the Doctors of the Church greatly influenced Christian thought down to the late Middle Ages
3. sense_key=doctor%1:04:00:: | definition=children take the roles of physician or patient or nurse and pretend they are at the physician's office | examples=the children explored each other's bodies by playing the game of doctor
4. sense_key=doctor%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who holds Ph.D. degree (or the equivalent) from an academic institution | synonyms=Dr. | examples=she is a doctor of philosophy in physics

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The context is about "a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" who made a discovery related to cancer study. He discovered a gene that controls retinal cell growth. He is a medical researcher/practitioner.

Sense 1: a licensed medical practitioner - fits "Boston doctor"
Sense 2: Roman Catholic Church title - no
Sense 3: children's game - no
Sense 4: person who holds Ph.D. - possible, but in context, medical doctor is the natural reading, especially associated with "Boston" (Boston hospitals/medical centers) and medical research. But researchers can be PhDs. However, "Boston doctor" strongly suggests medical doctor, and the discovery of a gene controlling retinal cell growth related to retinoblastoma. Thaddeus Dryja is actually an MD. The context is medical.

So sense 1 is best.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: name
Target surface form: named
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor <t>named</t> Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=name%2:32:03:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=call | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=name%2:32:02:: | definition=give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property | synonyms=identify | examples=Many senators were named in connection with the scandal; The almanac identifies the auspicious months
3. sense_key=name%2:41:01:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=nominate, make | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
4. sense_key=name%2:41:00:: | definition=create and charge with a task or function | synonyms=appoint, nominate, constitute | examples=nominate a committee
5. sense_key=name%2:32:07:: | definition=mention and identify by name | examples=name your accomplices!
6. sense_key=name%2:32:04:: | definition=make reference to | synonyms=mention, advert, bring up, cite, refer | examples=His name was mentioned in connection with the invention
7. sense_key=name%2:31:01:: | definition=identify as in botany or biology, for example | synonyms=identify, discover, key, key out, distinguish, describe
8. sense_key=name%2:32:09:: | definition=give or make a list of; name individually; give the names of | synonyms=list | examples=List the states west of the Mississippi
9. sense_key=name%2:31:00:: | definition=determine or distinguish the nature of a problem or an illness through a diagnostic analysis | synonyms=diagnose

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "named" in the context: "a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja".
The sentence says: "...made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja..."
Here, "named" is used to identify the doctor, specifying his name.
Looking at the candidate senses:
1. assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to (call) - e.g., "They named their son David"
2. give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property (identify) - e.g., "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal" - Wait, the definition is "refer to by name", meaning identifying. Wait, "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" means "a doctor who has the name Thaddeus Dryja", which acts as an appositive identifying him. Actually, "named" as an adjective/participle here means "by the name of" or "called".
Let's look at sense 1: "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to". "They named their son David" -> active verb.
Here, "named Thaddeus Dryja" modifies "doctor". It's a participle meaning "called". But wait, is "named Thaddeus Dryja" assigning a name to the doctor? No, it's just saying what his name is. Wait, "named" in "a boy named David" means "by the name of David" or "called David".
Wait, does sense 1 cover "named" in "a doctor named Thaddeus"? Sense 1 is "assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to". If it's used as a past participle adjective, "named Thaddeus Dryja", it means "having been assigned the name Thaddeus Dryja". So "call" is the synonym. "a doctor called Thaddeus Dryja".
Sense 2: "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property" -> synonyms=identify. Examples: "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal". This is about referring to someone by name.
Let's check sense 1's example: "The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader". "They named their son David". But wait, does sense 1 apply to "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja"? If someone is "named Thaddeus Dryja", it's just "who is named".
Let's look at similar WordNet annotations.
"named" in "a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja". It functions as "called".
Sense 1: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to. Synonyms: call.
Sense 2: give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name...
Actually, "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" means his name is Thaddeus Dryja. The act of naming him (by his parents) fits sense 1.
Let's consider Sense 1 vs Sense 2.
In OntoNotes or similar corpora, "a man named John" is usually tagged as `name%2:32:03::` (sense 1) because it is synonymous with "called".
Wait, sense 1 example: "They named their son David".
Sense 2 example: "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal".
"a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja" means "a Boston doctor called Thaddeus Dryja". Synonym of sense 1 is "call". "a Boston doctor called Thaddeus Dryja". This fits sense 1 perfectly.
Let's double check sense 2. "give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name". This implies the act of someone stating the name. In "a doctor named Thaddeus Dryja", it is the doctor who *has* the name, not someone *referring* to him by name.
So it is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: open
Target surface form: opened
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has <t>opened</t> a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=open%2:35:00:: | definition=cause to open or to become open | synonyms=open up | examples=Mary opened the car door
2. sense_key=open%2:41:00:: | definition=start to operate or function or cause to start operating or functioning | synonyms=open up | examples=open a business
3. sense_key=open%2:35:06:: | definition=become open | synonyms=open up | examples=The door opened
4. sense_key=open%2:41:01:: | definition=begin or set in action, of meetings, speeches, recitals, etc. | examples=He opened the meeting with a long speech
5. sense_key=open%2:35:08:: | definition=spread out or open from a closed or folded state | synonyms=unfold, spread, spread out | examples=open the map; spread your arms
6. sense_key=open%2:30:00:: | definition=make available | synonyms=open up | examples=This opens up new possibilities
7. sense_key=open%2:30:01:: | definition=become available | synonyms=open up | examples=an opportunity opened up
8. sense_key=open%2:42:00:: | definition=have an opening or passage or outlet | examples=The bedrooms open into the hall
9. sense_key=open%2:33:00:: | definition=make the opening move | examples=Kasparov opened with a standard opening
10. sense_key=open%2:40:04:: | definition=afford access to | synonyms=afford, give | examples=the door opens to the patio; The French doors give onto a terrace
11. sense_key=open%2:39:10:: | definition=display the contents of a file or start an application as on a computer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "opened" in the context: "the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth... has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded."

Here, "opened" means to make available or create new opportunities for a field of study. The discovery made a new field of study available/accessible.

Looking at the candidates:
- Sense 1: cause to open or become open (physical opening)
- Sense 6: make available (examples: "This opens up new possibilities")
- Sense 7: become available (examples: "an opportunity opened up")

The discovery has made a field of cancer study available. This is closest to sense 6: "make available" with synonyms "open up" and examples "This opens up new possibilities."

The context is about a scientific discovery making a new field of study possible/available. This matches sense 6 best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of <t>cancer</t> study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "cancer" in the context of a medical text discussing tumors, genes, and the National Cancer Institute. The text talks about retinoblastoma, tumor-suppressor genes, and predicting whether an individual could develop cancer. This clearly refers to the disease.

Sense 1: "any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division" - this is the disease sense.
Sense 2: astrology person - no
Sense 3: zodiacal constellation - no
Sense 4: fourth sign of the zodiac - no
Sense 5: type genus of Cancridae - no

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: recent
Target surface form: recent
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in <t>recent</t> months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:new:00 | definition=new | examples=recent graduates; a recent addition to the house
2. sense_key=recent%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=of the immediate past or just previous to the present time | synonyms=late | examples=a late development; their late quarrel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "recent" in the phrase "recent months" in the context: "...which in recent months has exploded."

Sense 1: new (recent graduates, a recent addition)
Sense 2: of the immediate past or just previous to the present time; synonyms=late (a late development, their late quarrel)

"Recent months" refers to the months just before the present time. This aligns with sense 2: "of the immediate past or just previous to the present time." The synonym "late" fits well with "recent months" (as in "in late months" or "of late"). Sense 1 (new) applies more to things that are newly created/added (like recent graduates or a recent addition), not to a time period like "recent months."

So the best sense is sense 2.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent <t>months</t> has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context says "in recent months has exploded." This refers to the calendar months, the divisions of the calendar year. "Recent months" typically refers to the calendar months passing by. Let me think about this more carefully.

Sense 1: one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (calendar month) - example "he paid the bill last month"
Sense 2: a time unit of approximately 30 days - example "he was given a month to pay the bill"

"In recent months" refers to recent calendar months - the divisions of the calendar year that have recently passed. This aligns with sense 1, the calendar month sense.

Also, earlier in the text: "two months old" - this refers to age, which is more about a time period of approximately 30 days. But the target is "months" in "recent months."

"In recent months" = in recent calendar months. This is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: explode
Target surface form: exploded
Context:
Mr. Quinlan, 30 years old, knew he carried a damaged gene, having lost an eye to the rare tumor when he was only two months old -- after his mother had suffered the same fate when she was a baby. Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has <t>exploded</t>. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=explode%2:30:01:: | definition=cause to burst with a violent release of energy | synonyms=detonate, blow up, set off | examples=We exploded the nuclear bomb
2. sense_key=explode%2:30:00:: | definition=burst outward, usually with noise | synonyms=burst | examples=The champagne bottle exploded
3. sense_key=explode%2:31:00:: | definition=show a violent emotional reaction | examples=The boss exploded when he heard of the resignation of the secretary
4. sense_key=explode%2:30:03:: | definition=be unleashed; emerge with violence or noise | synonyms=burst forth, break loose | examples=His anger exploded
5. sense_key=explode%2:35:00:: | definition=destroy by exploding | examples=The enemy exploded the bridge
6. sense_key=explode%2:32:02:: | definition=cause to burst as a result of air pressure; of stop consonants like /p/, /t/, and /k/
7. sense_key=explode%2:32:00:: | definition=drive from the stage by noisy disapproval
8. sense_key=explode%2:31:01:: | definition=show (a theory or claim) to be baseless, or refute and make obsolete
9. sense_key=explode%2:30:04:: | definition=burst and release energy as through a violent chemical or physical reaction | synonyms=detonate, blow up | examples=the bomb detonated at noon; The Molotov cocktail exploded
10. sense_key=explode%2:30:02:: | definition=increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner | synonyms=irrupt | examples=The population of India is exploding; The island's rodent population irrupted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a field of cancer study that has "exploded" in recent months. This means the field has grown rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner.

Sense 10: "increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner" with synonyms like "irrupt" and examples like "The population of India is exploding; The island's rodent population irrupted"

This fits perfectly with a field of study growing rapidly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: turn_out
Target surface form: turns out
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It <t>turns out</t> that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:00:: | definition=be shown or be found to be | synonyms=prove, turn up | examples=She proved to be right; The medicine turned out to save her life
2. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:01:: | definition=prove to be in the result or end | examples=It turns out that he was right
3. sense_key=turn_out%2:36:01:: | definition=produce quickly or regularly, usually with machinery | examples=This factory turns out saws
4. sense_key=turn_out%2:42:02:: | definition=result or end | synonyms=come out | examples=How will the game turn out?
5. sense_key=turn_out%2:30:00:: | definition=come, usually in answer to an invitation or summons | examples=How many people turned out that evening?
6. sense_key=turn_out%2:36:00:: | definition=bring forth, | synonyms=bear | examples=The apple tree bore delicious apples this year; The unidentified plant bore gorgeous flowers
7. sense_key=turn_out%2:35:00:: | definition=put out or expel from a place | synonyms=eject, chuck out, exclude, turf out, boot out | examples=The unruly student was excluded from the game
8. sense_key=turn_out%2:41:03:: | definition=come and gather for a public event | examples=Hundreds of thousands turned out for the anti-war rally in New York
9. sense_key=turn_out%2:40:03:: | definition=outfit or equip, as with accessories | examples=The actors were turned out lavishly
10. sense_key=turn_out%2:38:00:: | definition=turn outward | synonyms=splay, spread out, rotate | examples=These birds can splay out their toes; ballet dancers can rotate their legs out by 90 degrees
11. sense_key=turn_out%2:35:01:: | definition=cause to stop operating by disengaging a switch | synonyms=switch off, cut, turn off | examples=Turn off the stereo, please; cut the engine
12. sense_key=turn_out%2:29:00:: | definition=get up and out of bed | synonyms=get up, arise, uprise, rise | examples=I get up at 7 A.M. every day; They rose early

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target is "turns out" in the sentence: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer,"

This is a sentence with the structure "It turns out that..." which means "it is found to be the case that..." or "it proves to be that..."

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. turn_out%2:42:00:: - be shown or be found to be - "She proved to be right; The medicine turned out to save her life"
2. turn_out%2:42:01:: - prove to be in the result or end - "It turns out that he was right"

Sense 2 has the exact pattern "It turns out that he was right" which matches "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor..."

Sense 1 is similar but focuses more on "be shown or be found to be" with examples like "She proved to be right."

The structure "It turns out that [clause]" matches sense 2 exactly.

So the answer is sense_index 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studying
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that <t>studying</t> a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%2:31:02:: | definition=consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning | synonyms=analyze, analyse, examine, canvass, canvas | examples=analyze a sonnet by Shakespeare; analyze the evidence in a criminal trial
2. sense_key=study%2:31:03:: | definition=be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
3. sense_key=study%2:39:00:: | definition=give careful consideration to | synonyms=consider | examples=consider the possibility of moving
4. sense_key=study%2:31:00:: | definition=be a student of a certain subject | synonyms=learn, read, take | examples=She is reading for the bar exam
5. sense_key=study%2:31:01:: | definition=learn by reading books | synonyms=hit the books | examples=He is studying geology in his room; I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now
6. sense_key=study%2:31:04:: | definition=think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes | synonyms=meditate, contemplate | examples=He is meditating in his study

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "studying" appears in the context: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer."

Here, "studying" means examining/analyzing a tumor in detail to discover essential features or meaning. This is scientific research - analyzing the tumor to gain insights.

Sense 1: "consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning" with synonyms analyze, examine. This fits perfectly - they are analyzing/studying the tumor to discover insights about cancer.

Sense 2: "be a student" - doesn't fit
Sense 3: "give careful consideration to" - this is more about considering possibilities, not scientific analysis
Sense 4: "be a student of a certain subject" - doesn't fit
Sense 5: "learn by reading books" - doesn't fit, this is research
Sense 6: "think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes" - doesn't fit

Sense 1 is the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tragic
Target surface form: tragic
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a <t>tragic</t> but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tragic%5:00:00:sad:00 | definition=very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction | synonyms=tragical | examples=a tragic face; a tragic plight
2. sense_key=tragic%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of tragedy | examples=tragic hero

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "tragic" is used in the context: "studying a tragic but uncommon tumor."

Here, "tragic" describes a tumor (cancer) that causes grief, death, or destruction - it's a very sad situation. The tumor is being described as causing tragedy in the emotional sense (involving grief or death).

Sense 1: "very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction" - fits well here because a tumor/cancer involves death and destruction.

Sense 2: "of or relating to or characteristic of tragedy" - this is more about the literary/theatrical genre of tragedy (like a tragic hero).

The context is about a real-world medical situation involving cancer, so sense 1 is clearly the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: uncommon
Target surface form: uncommon
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but <t>uncommon</t> tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=uncommon%3:00:00:: | definition=not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind | examples=uncommon birds; frost and floods are uncommon during these months
2. sense_key=uncommon%5:00:00:extraordinary:00 | definition=marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; -J.R.Lowell | synonyms=rare | examples=what is so rare as a day in June; a rare skill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "uncommon" in the context: "studying a tragic but uncommon tumor".

Sense 1: not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind. Examples: uncommon birds; frost and floods are uncommon during these months.
Sense 2: marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind; -J.R.Lowell. Synonyms: rare. Examples: what is so rare as a day in June; a rare skill.

In the context, "uncommon tumor" refers to a tumor that is not frequently encountered (rare disease). The text also uses "rare cancer" earlier in the passage: "no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer." This suggests the tumor is uncommon in the sense of not being frequently encountered or not ordinary.

Sense 2 specifically uses "rare" as a synonym and talks about being "superlative or extreme of its kind", which might relate to a tumor being remarkable or extraordinary in kind.
Sense 1 is "not common or ordinarily encountered; unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind". This seems to fit the idea of a tumor that is not commonly encountered.

Wait, let me look closer at the senses.
Sense 1 covers both "not common or ordinarily encountered" and "unusually great in amount or remarkable in character or kind". The examples are "uncommon birds" (birds not commonly encountered) and "frost and floods are uncommon during these months" (events not commonly encountered).
Sense 2 is about being "marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind". Examples: "what is so rare as a day in June; a rare skill". This seems to be about being exceptional or extraordinary in quality, like a rare skill.

The context here is about a tumor that is "tragic but uncommon". The word "uncommon" here means it doesn't occur frequently. It's a rare type of cancer. The text even calls it a "rare cancer" earlier.

Sense 1's definition includes "not common or ordinarily encountered" which fits "uncommon tumor" meaning a tumor not commonly encountered.
Sense 2's synonym is "rare" and the examples use "rare". But the definition focuses on being "superlative or extreme of its kind" which is more about quality than frequency.

However, WordNet sense disambiguation often relies heavily on synonyms. The synonym "rare" for sense 2 matches the text's use of "rare cancer".
But looking at the definitions more carefully:
Sense 1: "not common or ordinarily encountered" - this is about frequency. A tumor that is uncommon = a tumor not often encountered.
Sense 2: "marked by an uncommon quality; especially superlative or extreme of its kind" - this is about being exceptional in quality.

For "uncommon tumor", the meaning is clearly about frequency - it's a tumor that doesn't occur often. This aligns with sense 1's "not common or ordinarily encountered".

But wait, the text uses "rare cancer" and the synonym for sense 2 is "rare". Could sense 2 be the right one? Let me think about this more.

Actually, looking at WordNet, sense 2 (uncommon%5:00:00:extraordinary:00) is in the "extraordinary" synset, which relates to being remarkable or exceptional. The examples "what is so rare as a day in June" and "a rare skill" suggest something prized or exceptional.

The "uncommon tumor" is not being praised for being exceptional; it's just not common. The tragedy is despite (or because of?) it being uncommon.

Sense 1 (uncommon%3:00:00::) is about not being common or ordinarily encountered. "Uncommon birds" = birds not commonly seen. "Frost and floods are uncommon during these months" = they don't happen often. This matches "uncommon tumor" = a tumor that doesn't occur often.

I'll go with sense 1.

Wait, let me reconsider. The synonym for sense 2 is "rare", and the text explicitly mentions "the rare cancer" and "a tragic but uncommon tumor". The parallel between "rare" and "uncommon" in the text might suggest they are being used as synonyms, pointing to sense 2.

But actually, the fact that the text uses both "rare cancer" and "uncommon tumor" doesn't necessarily mean they map to the same WordNet sense. The author could be using "uncommon" in its basic sense (not common) which overlaps with "rare" in everyday language.

Looking at the sense keys:
- uncommon%3:00:00:: - this is in the adjective group related to "not common"
- uncommon%5:00:00:extraordinary:00 - this is linked to "extraordinary"

The context "a tragic but uncommon tumor" - the tumor is uncommon because it's rare/not frequently encountered. It's not being described as extraordinary or remarkable in quality.

I believe sense 1 is the better fit. The definition "not common or ordinarily encountered" directly describes a tumor that is not commonly found.

Let me double-check by considering the examples:
- Sense 1 examples: "uncommon birds" (birds not commonly seen), "frost and floods are uncommon during these months" (infrequent events). These are about frequency/rarity of occurrence.
- Sense 2 examples: "what is so rare as a day in June" (exceptional day), "a rare skill" (exceptional skill). These are about exceptional quality.

"Uncommon tumor" is about the frequency of occurrence, matching sense 1.

Final answer: sense 1.

provider: Fireworks


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: make
Target surface form: made
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor <t>made</t> possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=make%2:41:00:: | definition=engage in | synonyms=do | examples=make love, not war; make an effort
2. sense_key=make%2:30:00:: | definition=give certain properties to something | synonyms=get | examples=get someone mad; She made us look silly
3. sense_key=make%2:36:00:: | definition=make or cause to be or to become | synonyms=create | examples=make a mess in one's office; create a furor
4. sense_key=make%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, have, get | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
5. sense_key=make%2:36:08:: | definition=give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally | synonyms=cause, do | examples=cause a commotion; make a stir
6. sense_key=make%2:36:01:: | definition=create or manufacture a man-made product | synonyms=produce, create | examples=We produce more cars than we can sell; The company has been making toys for two centuries
7. sense_key=make%2:31:00:: | definition=make, formulate, or derive in the mind | synonyms=draw | examples=I draw a line here; draw a conclusion
8. sense_key=make%2:36:15:: | definition=compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way | examples=People cannot be made to integrate just by passing a law!; Heat makes you sweat
9. sense_key=make%2:36:09:: | definition=create by artistic means | synonyms=create | examples=create a poem; Schoenberg created twelve-tone music
10. sense_key=make%2:40:01:: | definition=earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages | synonyms=gain, take in, clear, earn, realize, realise | examples=How much do you make a month in your new job?; She earns a lot in her new job
11. sense_key=make%2:36:05:: | definition=create or design, often in a certain way | synonyms=do | examples=Do my room in blue; I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest
12. sense_key=make%2:42:05:: | definition=to compose or represent: | synonyms=form, constitute | examples=This wall forms the background of the stage setting; The branches made a roof
13. sense_key=make%2:38:02:: | definition=reach a goal, e.g., | synonyms=reach, get to, progress to | examples=make the first team; We made it!
14. sense_key=make%2:42:00:: | definition=be or be capable of being changed or made into | examples=He makes a great host; He will make a fine father
15. sense_key=make%2:36:11:: | definition=make by shaping or bringing together constituents | examples=make a dress; make a cake
16. sense_key=make%2:36:12:: | definition=perform or carry out | examples=make a decision; make a move
17. sense_key=make%2:36:13:: | definition=make by combining materials and parts | synonyms=construct, build | examples=this little pig made his house out of straw; Some eccentric constructed an electric brassiere warmer
18. sense_key=make%2:30:15:: | definition=change from one form into another | examples=make water into wine; make lead into gold
19. sense_key=make%2:29:08:: | definition=act in a certain way so as to acquire | examples=make friends; make enemies
20. sense_key=make%2:41:03:: | definition=charge with a function; charge to be | synonyms=name, nominate | examples=She was named Head of the Committee; She was made president of the club
21. sense_key=make%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=have, get | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
22. sense_key=make%2:38:00:: | definition=reach a destination, either real or abstract | synonyms=reach, attain, hit, arrive at, gain | examples=We hit Detroit by noon; The water reached the doorstep
23. sense_key=make%2:31:13:: | definition=institute, enact, or establish | synonyms=lay down, establish | examples=make laws
24. sense_key=make%2:41:13:: | definition=carry out or commit | examples=make a mistake; commit a faux-pas
25. sense_key=make%2:41:01:: | definition=form by assembling individuals or constituents | examples=Make a quorum
26. sense_key=make%2:36:04:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, have, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
27. sense_key=make%2:30:02:: | definition=put in order or neaten | synonyms=make up | examples=make the bed; make up a room
28. sense_key=make%2:38:05:: | definition=head into a specified direction | synonyms=take | examples=The escaped convict took to the hills; We made for the mountains
29. sense_key=make%2:29:00:: | definition=have a bowel movement | synonyms=stool, defecate, shit, take a shit, take a crap, ca-ca | examples=The dog had made in the flower beds
30. sense_key=make%2:42:09:: | definition=undergo fabrication or creation | examples=This wool makes into a nice sweater
31. sense_key=make%2:42:13:: | definition=be suitable for | examples=Wood makes good furniture
32. sense_key=make%2:42:12:: | definition=add up to | examples=four and four make eight
33. sense_key=make%2:42:11:: | definition=amount to | examples=This salary increase makes no difference to my standard of living
34. sense_key=make%2:42:15:: | definition=constitute the essence of | examples=Clothes make the man
35. sense_key=make%2:39:12:: | definition=appear to begin an activity | examples=He made to speak but said nothing in the end; She made as if to say hello to us
36. sense_key=make%2:38:10:: | definition=proceed along a path | synonyms=work | examples=work one's way through the crowd; make one's way into the forest
37. sense_key=make%2:38:15:: | definition=reach in time | examples=We barely made the plane
38. sense_key=make%2:36:10:: | definition=gather and light the materials for | examples=make a fire
39. sense_key=make%2:36:07:: | definition=prepare for eating by applying heat | synonyms=cook, fix, ready, prepare | examples=Cook me dinner, please; can you make me an omelette?
40. sense_key=make%2:35:13:: | definition=induce to have sex | synonyms=seduce, score | examples=Harry finally seduced Sally; Did you score last night?
41. sense_key=make%2:32:14:: | definition=assure the success of | examples=A good review by this critic will make your play!
42. sense_key=make%2:32:09:: | definition=represent fictitiously, as in a play, or pretend to be or act like | synonyms=pretend, make believe | examples=She makes like an actress
43. sense_key=make%2:31:10:: | definition=consider as being | examples=It wasn't the problem some people made it
44. sense_key=make%2:31:12:: | definition=calculate as being | examples=I make the height about 100 feet
45. sense_key=make%2:30:10:: | definition=cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable | examples=make my day
46. sense_key=make%2:30:14:: | definition=favor the development of | examples=Practice makes the winner
47. sense_key=make%2:30:12:: | definition=develop into | examples=He will make a splendid father!
48. sense_key=make%2:29:06:: | definition=behave in a certain way | examples=make merry
49. sense_key=make%2:29:01:: | definition=eliminate urine | synonyms=urinate, piddle, puddle, micturate, piss, pee | examples=Again, the cat had made on the expensive rug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "made" in the sentence: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer."

Here, "made possible" means "caused to be possible" or "enabled."

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. engage in - no
2. give certain properties to something - no
3. make or cause to be or to become - this could fit "made possible"
4. cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner - no, this is about causing someone to do something
5. give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally - could fit
6. create or manufacture a man-made product - no
7. make, formulate, or derive in the mind - no
8. compel or make somebody or something to act in a certain way - no
9. create by artistic means - no
10. earn on some commercial or business transaction - no
11. create or design, often in a certain way - no
12. to compose or represent - no
13. reach a goal - no
14. be or be capable of being changed or made into - no
15. make by shaping or bringing together constituents - no
16. perform or carry out - no
17. make by combining materials and parts - no
18. change from one form into another - no
19. act in a certain way so as to acquire - no
20. charge with a function - no
21. achieve a point or goal - no
22. reach a destination - no
23. institute, enact, or establish - no
24. carry out or commit - no
25. form by assembling individuals or constituents - no
26. organize or be responsible for - no
27. put in order or neaten - no
28. head into a specified direction - no
29. have a bowel movement - no
30. undergo fabrication or creation - no
31. be suitable for - no
32. add up to - no
33. amount to - no
34. constitute the essence of - no
35. appear to begin an activity - no
36. proceed along a path - no
37. reach in time - no
38. gather and light the materials for - no
39. prepare for eating by applying heat - no
40. induce to have sex - no
41. assure the success of - no
42. represent fictitiously - no
43. consider as being - no
44. calculate as being - no
45. cause to be enjoyable or pleasurable - no
46. favor the development of - no
47. develop into - no
48. behave in a certain way - no
49. eliminate urine - no

The phrase "made possible" means caused to be possible, enabled. Sense 3 "make or cause to be or to become" with synonyms "create" and examples "make a mess in one's office; create a furor" seems to fit best. "Made possible some fundamental insights" = caused some fundamental insights to be possible.

Sense 5 "give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally" with synonyms "cause, do" and examples "cause a commotion; make a stir" could also fit. But "made possible" is more about causing something to be in a certain state (possible) rather than causing something to happen.

Sense 3 is "make or cause to be or to become" - this fits "made possible" because it caused insights to become possible.

I'll go with sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: possible
Target surface form: possible
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made <t>possible</t> some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=possible%3:00:00:: | definition=capable of happening or existing | examples=a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible
2. sense_key=possible%3:00:04:: | definition=existing in possibility | synonyms=potential | examples=a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "possible" in the context: "...studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer..."

Here, "made possible" means that studying the tumor enabled/facilitated some fundamental insights. The insights became capable of happening or existing because of the study.

Let's look at the senses:
1. capable of happening or existing (a breakthrough may be possible next year; anything is possible)
2. existing in possibility (synonyms=potential; a potential problem; possible uses of nuclear power)

"Made possible some fundamental insights" means that the insights were able to happen or exist as a result. This aligns with sense 1: "capable of happening or existing".

Sense 2 refers to something that exists in possibility, as a potential (like a potential problem). But here, "made possible" is an idiom meaning "enabled to happen". The insights actually happened or became capable of happening.

Let's compare:
- "a breakthrough may be possible next year" - could happen
- "made possible some fundamental insights" - enabled the insights to happen

Sense 1 fits better. The insights became capable of happening.

Sense 2 "existing in possibility" with synonym "potential" would be more like "possible uses of nuclear power" - uses that potentially exist. But "made possible insights" means the insights were enabled to happen, which is closer to "capable of happening".

So sense 1 is the best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: insight
Target surface form: insights
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental <t>insights</t> about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=insight%1:09:02:: | definition=clear or deep perception of a situation | synonyms=penetration
2. sense_key=insight%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of understanding | synonyms=perceptiveness, perceptivity
3. sense_key=insight%1:09:01:: | definition=the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation | synonyms=brainstorm, brainwave
4. sense_key=insight%1:09:00:: | definition=grasping the inner nature of things intuitively | synonyms=sixth sense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "insights" (plural of "insight").
Context: "...some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer..."
The context talks about scientific discoveries and understandings about how cancer works at a basic level. These are deep, fundamental perceptions/understandings of a complex situation (cancer).

Sense 1: clear or deep perception of a situation (synonyms: penetration)
Sense 2: a feeling of understanding (synonyms: perceptiveness, perceptivity)
Sense 3: the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation (synonyms: brainstorm, brainwave)
Sense 4: grasping the inner nature of things intuitively (synonyms: sixth sense)

"Fundamental insights" implies deep, clear perception of a situation. This aligns perfectly with sense 1: "clear or deep perception of a situation". The scientific research led to clear and deep perception of how cancer works.
Sense 3 is sudden understanding (brainstorm). Not the best fit for "fundamental insights" resulting from research.
Sense 4 is intuition (sixth sense). Not applicable to scientific findings.
Sense 2 is a feeling of understanding.

Sense 1 fits best. Let's look at "penetration". It means mental penetration, deep insight. "fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer" = deep perception of a situation.

Let's check the options again.
1. sense_key=insight%1:09:02:: | definition=clear or deep perception of a situation | synonyms=penetration
2. sense_key=insight%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of understanding | synonyms=perceptiveness, perceptivity
3. sense_key=insight%1:09:01:: | definition=the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation | synonyms=brainstorm, brainwave
4. sense_key=insight%1:09:00:: | definition=grasping the inner nature of things intuitively | synonyms=sixth sense

The "fundamental insights" represent a clear or deep perception of the situation (the workings of cancer). So sense 1 seems correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basic
Target surface form: basic
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most <t>basic</t> workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basic%3:00:00:: | definition=pertaining to or constituting a base or basis | examples=a basic fact; the basic ingredients
2. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:standard:01 | definition=reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality | synonyms=canonic, canonical | examples=a basic story line; a canonical syllable pattern
3. sense_key=basic%5:00:02:first:00 | definition=serving as a base or starting point | synonyms=introductory | examples=a basic course in Russian; basic training for raw recruits
4. sense_key=basic%5:00:00:alkaline:00 | definition=of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "basic" in the context: "...some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer..."
Here, "basic" means fundamental, underlying, pertaining to or constituting a base or basis.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. basic%3:00:00:: | definition=pertaining to or constituting a base or basis | examples=a basic fact; the basic ingredients
2. basic%5:00:00:standard:01 | definition=reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible without loss of generality | synonyms=canonic, canonical | examples=a basic story line; a canonical syllable pattern
3. basic%5:00:02:first:00 | definition=serving as a base or starting point | synonyms=introductory | examples=a basic course in Russian; basic training for raw recruits
4. basic%5:00:00:alkaline:00 | definition=of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base

In the context "the most basic workings of cancer", "basic" refers to the underlying, fundamental nature or basis of the workings.
Sense 1 fits perfectly: "pertaining to or constituting a base or basis" (examples: a basic fact, the basic ingredients). The text also mentions "fundamental insights", which aligns with sense 1.

Therefore, sense_index is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cancer
Target surface form: cancer
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of <t>cancer</t>, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cancer%1:26:00:: | definition=any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream | synonyms=malignant neoplastic disease
2. sense_key=cancer%1:18:00:: | definition=(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Cancer | synonyms=Crab
3. sense_key=cancer%1:17:00:: | definition=a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
4. sense_key=cancer%1:15:00:: | definition=the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from about June 21 to July 22 | synonyms=Cancer the Crab, Crab
5. sense_key=cancer%1:05:00:: | definition=type genus of the family Cancridae | synonyms=genus Cancer

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "cancer" appears in a medical/scientific context discussing tumor-suppressor genes, retinoblastoma, the National Cancer Institute, and basic research about the workings of cancer. This is clearly referring to the disease sense.

Sense 1: malignant neoplastic disease - fits perfectly.
Sense 2: astrology person - no.
Sense 3: zodiacal constellation - no.
Sense 4: zodiac sign - no.
Sense 5: type genus of Cancridae - no.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: say
Target surface form: says
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "<t>says</t> Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=say%2:32:00:: | definition=express in words | synonyms=state, tell | examples=He said that he wanted to marry her; tell me what is bothering you
2. sense_key=say%2:32:01:: | definition=report or maintain | synonyms=allege, aver | examples=He alleged that he was the victim of a crime; He said it was too late to intervene in the war
3. sense_key=say%2:32:03:: | definition=express a supposition | synonyms=suppose | examples=Let us say that he did not tell the truth; Let's say you had a lot of money--what would you do?
4. sense_key=say%2:42:00:: | definition=have or contain a certain wording or form | synonyms=read | examples=The passage reads as follows; What does the law say?
5. sense_key=say%2:32:04:: | definition=give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority | synonyms=order, tell, enjoin | examples=I said to him to go home; She ordered him to do the shopping
6. sense_key=say%2:32:02:: | definition=speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way | synonyms=pronounce, articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate | examples=She pronounces French words in a funny way; I cannot say `zip wire'
7. sense_key=say%2:32:07:: | definition=communicate or express nonverbally | examples=What does this painting say?; Did his face say anything about how he felt?
8. sense_key=say%2:32:15:: | definition=utter aloud | examples=She said `Hello' to everyone in the office
9. sense_key=say%2:32:13:: | definition=state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | examples=I say let's forget this whole business
10. sense_key=say%2:32:08:: | definition=recite or repeat a fixed text | examples=Say grace; She said her `Hail Mary'
11. sense_key=say%2:32:09:: | definition=indicate | examples=The clock says noon

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "says" in the context: "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute."

Here, Samuel Broder is expressing a statement in words. He is stating a fact/opinion.
Let's look at the candidate senses.
1. express in words | state, tell | He said that he wanted to marry her...
2. report or maintain | allege, aver | He alleged...
3. express a supposition | suppose | Let us say...
4. have or contain a certain wording or form | read...
5. give instructions... | order...
6. pronounce... | articulate...
7. communicate nonverbally...
8. utter aloud | She said 'Hello'...
9. state as one's opinion or judgement; declare | I say let's forget...
10. recite...
11. indicate | The clock says noon

The context is reporting what someone stated. "says Samuel Broder..."
Sense 1 is "express in words". "state, tell". Example: "He said that he wanted to marry her".
Sense 2 is "report or maintain". "allege, aver".
Sense 9 is "state as one's opinion or judgement; declare".

"says Samuel Broder" is an inverted reporting clause. It attributes a spoken or written statement to someone.
Sense 1 is the most general sense of expressing in words, reporting a statement. Sense 1 examples fit well: "He said that he wanted to marry her". "state" is a synonym.
Let's see if Sense 1 fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: director
Target surface form: director
Context:
Because of the isolation of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene, it became possible last January to find out what threat the Quinlan baby faced. A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, <t>director</t> of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=director%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who controls resources and expenditures | synonyms=manager, managing director
2. sense_key=director%1:18:03:: | definition=member of a board of directors
3. sense_key=director%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who supervises the actors and directs the action in the production of a show | synonyms=theater director, theatre director
4. sense_key=director%1:18:04:: | definition=the person who directs the making of a film | synonyms=film director
5. sense_key=director%1:18:01:: | definition=the person who leads a musical group | synonyms=conductor, music director

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "director" referring to Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute.

Let me analyze the senses:

1. director%1:18:00:: - someone who controls resources and expenditures (manager, managing director)
2. director%1:18:03:: - member of a board of directors
3. director%1:18:02:: - someone who supervises actors in a show
4. director%1:18:04:: - person who directs making of a film
5. director%1:18:01:: - person who leads a musical group

Samuel Broder is the director of the National Cancer Institute. This is an administrative/leadership role at an institute. He's someone who controls resources and expenditures, essentially a manager or managing director of the institute.

Sense 1 seems most appropriate - "someone who controls resources and expenditures."

Sense 2 is "member of a board of directors" - but he's THE director of the institute, not just a member of a board.

So sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: public
Target surface form: public
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the <t>public</t>, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=public%1:14:00:: | definition=people in general considered as a whole | synonyms=populace, world | examples=he is a hero in the eyes of the public
2. sense_key=public%1:14:01:: | definition=a body of people sharing some common interest | examples=the reading public

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "public" in the context: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon."

Here, "the public" refers to people in general, the general population, as opposed to scientists or researchers. They are concerned about advances in treatment - this is a general concern of society at large, not a specific group sharing a common interest like "the reading public."

Sense 1: people in general considered as a whole - "he is a hero in the eyes of the public"
Sense 2: a body of people sharing some common interest - "the reading public"

The context refers to the general public who is concerned about cancer treatment advances. This is people in general, not a specific interest group. Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concerned
Target surface form: concerned
Context:
A test using new "genetic probes "showed that little Will Quinlan had not inherited a damaged retinoblastoma supressor gene and, therefore, faced no more risk than other children of developing the rare cancer. "It made our New Year, "says Mr. Quinlan. This test was the first to predict reliably whether an individual could expect to develop cancer. Equally important, the initial discovery of the gene that controls retinal cell growth, made by a Boston doctor named Thaddeus Dryja, has opened a field of cancer study, which in recent months has exploded. "It turns out that studying a tragic but uncommon tumor made possible some fundamental insights about the most basic workings of cancer, "says Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute. "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is <t>concerned</t> about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon. "To date, scientists have fingered two of these cancer-suppressors.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concerned%3:00:00:: | definition=feeling or showing worry or solicitude | examples=concerned parents of youthful offenders; was concerned about the future
2. sense_key=concerned%5:00:00:involved:00 | definition=involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in | synonyms=interested | examples=a memorandum to those concerned; an enterprise in which three men are concerned
3. sense_key=concerned%5:00:01:involved:00 | definition=culpably involved | synonyms=implicated | examples=all those concerned in the bribery case have been identified; named three officials implicated in the plot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "concerned" in the sentence: "All this may not be obvious to the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment, but I am convinced this basic research will begin showing results there soon."

Let's examine the context:
"which is concerned about advances in treatment"
The phrase "concerned about" indicates feeling worry or solicitude, or at least interest/care about the progress of advances in treatment. Let's look at the candidate senses:

1. feeling or showing worry or solicitude (examples: concerned parents of youthful offenders; was concerned about the future). The phrase "concerned about" directly matches the example here.
2. involved in or affected by or having a claim to or share in (examples: a memorandum to those concerned)
3. culpably involved (examples: all those concerned in the bribery case)

The context says "the public, which is concerned about advances in treatment". The public is worried or solicitous about advances in treatment. Sense 1 fits perfectly because it involves being "concerned about" something, matching the example "was concerned about the future".

Therefore, sense 1 is the correct choice.