[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vice
Target surface form: vices
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the <t>vices</t> of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vice%1:07:00:: | definition=moral weakness | synonyms=frailty
2. sense_key=vice%1:04:00:: | definition=a specific form of evildoing | examples=vice offends the moral standards of the community

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses "the vices of public action" in contrast to "the virtues of private markets." Here, "vices" is used in opposition to "virtues," referring to negative qualities or drawbacks.

Sense 1: moral weakness (synonym: frailty) - This is a general sense of vice as a moral failing or weakness.

Sense 2: a specific form of evildoing (example: "vice offends the moral standards of the community") - This is about specific forms of immoral behavior.

In the context, "vices of public action" refers to the negative aspects or drawbacks of government intervention. This is using "vice" in the sense of a moral weakness or failing (contrasted with "virtue"), rather than a specific form of evildoing like gambling or prostitution.

The phrase "virtues of private markets over the vices of public action" uses virtue/vice as abstract qualities - virtues being good qualities and vices being bad qualities or weaknesses. This aligns better with sense 1 (moral weakness) than sense 2 (specific form of evildoing).

Sense 1 seems more appropriate here.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: public
Target surface form: public
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of <t>public</t> action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=public%3:00:00:: | definition=not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole | examples=the public good; public libraries
2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 | definition=affecting the people or community as a whole | examples=community leaders; community interests

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "public" in the context: "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action".

Here, "public action" is contrasted with "private markets" and "private interest". "Public" refers to things related to the government or the people as a whole, as opposed to private individuals or entities.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. sense_key=public%3:00:00:: | definition=not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole | examples=the public good; public libraries
2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 | definition=affecting the people or community as a whole | examples=community leaders; community interests

"Public action" in the context of government intervention and the minimalist state relates to actions taken by or concerning the people as a whole (i.e., government action), contrasting with "private markets".
Sense 1 says "not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole". The definition explicitly mentions "not private", which directly matches the contrast with "private markets" in the context.
Sense 2 says "affecting the people or community as a whole", with synonyms like "community".

"public action" here is an adjective modifying "action". The adjective "public" meaning "not private" fits perfectly.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: action
Target surface form: action
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public <t>action</t>, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=action%1:04:02:: | definition=something done (usually as opposed to something said) | examples=there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions
2. sense_key=action%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being active | synonyms=activity, activeness | examples=his sphere of activity; he is out of action
3. sense_key=action%1:04:03:: | definition=a military engagement | synonyms=military action | examples=he saw action in Korea
4. sense_key=action%1:22:00:: | definition=a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings) | synonyms=natural process, natural action, activity | examples=the action of natural forces; volcanic activity
5. sense_key=action%1:10:00:: | definition=the series of events that form a plot | examples=his novels always have a lot of action
6. sense_key=action%1:07:00:: | definition=the trait of being active and energetic and forceful | examples=a man of action
7. sense_key=action%1:06:00:: | definition=the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism | synonyms=action mechanism | examples=the piano had a very stiff action
8. sense_key=action%1:04:01:: | definition=a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong | synonyms=legal action, action at law
9. sense_key=action%1:04:04:: | definition=an act by a government body or supranational organization | examples=recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues
10. sense_key=action%1:04:00:: | definition=the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field | examples=the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds; gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "action" appears in the phrase "the vices of public action" in the context of discussing political theory, government intervention, and comparing Republican (minimalist state) vs Democratic (big government) approaches.

The context mentions "public action" which refers to actions taken by the government or public sector. This aligns with sense 9: "an act by a government body or supranational organization" with examples like "recent federal action undermined the segregationist position; the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues."

Sense 1 is too general ("something done (usually as opposed to something said)").

Sense 9 specifically refers to government action, which fits perfectly with "public action" in this political context where they're discussing government intervention vs private markets.

The answer is sense index 9.

provider: CoreWeave


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: democratic
Target surface form: Democratic
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a <t>Democratic</t> brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=democratic%3:00:00:: | definition=characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality; ; ; - George du Maurier | examples=democratic government; a democratic country
2. sense_key=democratic%3:01:00:: | definition=belong to or relating to the Democratic Party | examples=Democratic senator
3. sense_key=democratic%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at large | synonyms=popular | examples=democratic art forms; a democratic or popular movement

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word is "Democratic" in the context of "a Democratic brand that believes in big government..." referring to the Democratic Party in contrast to the Republican Party.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: brand
Target surface form: brand
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic <t>brand</t> that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=brand%1:10:00:: | definition=a name given to a product or service | synonyms=trade name, brand name, marque
2. sense_key=brand%1:09:00:: | definition=a recognizable kind | synonyms=make | examples=there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?
3. sense_key=brand%1:10:02:: | definition=identification mark on skin, made by burning
4. sense_key=brand%1:27:00:: | definition=a piece of wood that has been burned or is burning | synonyms=firebrand
5. sense_key=brand%1:10:01:: | definition=a symbol of disgrace or infamy; --Genesis | synonyms=mark, stigma, stain | examples=And the Lord set a mark upon Cain
6. sense_key=brand%1:06:00:: | definition=a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard | synonyms=sword, blade, steel

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "brand". The context is about voters choosing between a "Republican brand" and a "Democratic brand". This is used metaphorically to refer to a recognizable kind or type of political product/identity.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. brand%1:10:00:: - a name given to a product or service (trade name, brand name, marque)
2. brand%1:09:00:: - a recognizable kind (make) - examples: "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now"; "what make of car is that?"
3. brand%1:10:02:: - identification mark on skin
4. brand%1:27:00:: - a piece of wood
5. brand%1:10:01:: - a symbol of disgrace
6. brand%1:06:00:: - sword

In the context: "Voters can 'buy' one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state... and a Democratic brand..."

Wait, "buy" is in quotes, so it's metaphorical. Are they "buying" a brand in the sense of a product/service name (Sense 1), or a "recognizable kind" (Sense 2)?
"there's a new brand of hero in the movies now" matches Sense 2.
However, the text says "Voters can 'buy' one of two brands..." This aligns well with a product or service name (Sense 1), even though it's metaphorical. "A Republican brand..." "A Democratic brand..."
Wait, Sense 1 is specifically "a name given to a product or service". Sense 2 is "a recognizable kind".
"a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state..." refers to the recognizable kind or type of political platform. Let's re-read the examples for Sense 2. "there's a new brand of hero". Here, "brand" means "type" or "kind".
Is "brand" in the political context closer to "trade name" (Sense 1) or "recognizable kind" (Sense 2)?
The GOP as a "brand" is often used in marketing terms for political parties, which leans towards Sense 1 (trade name, brand name). But Sense 1 is "a name given to a product or service".
Sense 2 is "a recognizable kind". Synonyms: "make".
Let's consider "brand%1:09:00::" vs "brand%1:10:00::".
Actually, "a Republican brand" means the Republican kind/type, but also the Republican product.
Let's search for "brand of hero" vs "brand of car". "What make of car is that?" -> Sense 2.
Is the political party a product (Sense 1) or a recognizable kind (Sense 2)?
The context says "Voters can 'buy' one of two brands...". The quotes around "buy" suggest a metaphorical purchase of a product. Thus, a product brand (Sense 1). Wait! If it's a recognizable kind, "brand" in "a new brand of hero" means "kind".
Let's look at the phrasing: "a Republican brand that believes in..." It's acting as a noun. If it meant a name, it would be "the Republican brand". Here it's "a Republican brand", which is closer to "a recognizable kind". Wait, "buy one of two brands" could mean buying one of two named products. Like buying "Coke" or "Pepsi".
However, WordNet 1:09:00 is "a recognizable kind" (hypernym of kind, sort, form, variety). 1:10:00 is "a name given to a product or service" (hypernym of name).
"a Republican brand that believes in..." refers to the product itself as a recognizable kind, or the name of the product? "Voters can buy one of two brands" means buying the product itself, which is a recognizable kind. But actually, people often say "buy a brand". I'll bet it's Sense 2 ("a recognizable kind") because "brand" in "a new brand of hero" is very similar to "a Republican brand".
Wait, let's look at the sentence: "a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state...". If it means "a name given to a product or service", the definition "a name" doesn't fit the syntax perfectly: "a Republican *name* that believes in..." doesn't make sense. A name cannot believe. A *kind* (or type) can believe (metaphorically, the people representing that kind). "A Republican kind/type that believes..."
So Sense 2 ("a recognizable kind") fits better because the "brand" itself has beliefs, meaning it refers to the recognizable entity/kind, not just the name.
Let's check the synonyms and examples again.
Sense 1: trade name, brand name, marque. (a name given to a product or service)
Sense 2: make. (a recognizable kind) examples: there's a new brand of hero in the movies now; what make of car is that?

Since "brand" in the context refers to a type of political platform/agent ("a Republican brand that believes in...", "a Democratic brand that believes in..."), "a recognizable kind" is definitely the better fit. A "name" doesn't believe in things, a "kind" does (in this metonymical/metaphorical usage).
Therefore, Sense 2 is the best choice.

Let's double check.
"A Republican brand that believes in..."
Sense 1: a name given to a product or service.
Sense 2: a recognizable kind.
Yes, Sense 2 makes the most sense.

Wait, let me think if "brand" as in political brand is Sense 1 or Sense 2. In marketing, "brand" is the name, logo, identity, etc. WordNet Sense 1 covers this. But "a recognizable kind" (Sense 2) is the more general "type" sense, as in "a new brand of hero".
Is a political party's brand a product/service name, or a recognizable kind? The context says "buy one of two brands... a Republican brand...". If I "buy a brand" I am buying the product associated with the name. But it's still defined as "a recognizable kind" in WordNet if it maps to "a new brand of hero".
Wait, if I look up "brand" in WordNet 3.0:
Noun
1. trade name, brand name, marque, brand -- (a name given to a product or service)
2. make, brand -- (a recognizable kind; "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now"; "what make of car is that?")
...
Here, the voters are choosing between two "brands" of political agents. This implies two kinds of political agents. So Sense 2.
I will output 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: public
Target surface form: public
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in <t>public</t> intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=public%3:00:00:: | definition=not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole | examples=the public good; public libraries
2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 | definition=affecting the people or community as a whole | examples=community leaders; community interests

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "public" in the context: "a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest."

Here, "public" is used as an adjective describing "intervention." It contrasts with "private interest" and "private markets." The phrase "public intervention" means intervention by the government or by the people/community as a whole, as opposed to private (individual or corporate) action.

Let's look at the two candidate senses:

1. sense_key=public%3:00:00:: | definition=not private; open to or concerning the people as a whole | examples=the public good; public libraries
2. sense_key=public%5:00:00:common:02 | definition=affecting the people or community as a whole | examples=community leaders; community interests

Sense 1 emphasizes "not private" and "open to or concerning the people as a whole." The examples are "the public good" and "public libraries."
Sense 2 emphasizes "affecting the people or community as a whole" with synonyms like "community."

In the context, "public intervention" is contrasted with "private interest" and "private markets." The key contrast is public vs. private. The phrase "public intervention" means intervention by the government/public sector (not private entities).

Sense 1 seems more appropriate because it explicitly mentions "not private" and the examples "the public good" align well with "public intervention." The contrast between public and private is central to the passage ("private markets" vs "public action," "private interest" vs "public intervention").

Sense 2 is more about "affecting the people or community as a whole" with the synonym "community," which is a slightly different nuance. While "public intervention" does affect the community, the core meaning here is about the source of the intervention being public (government) rather than private, and the contrast is explicitly with "private."

So sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: intervention
Target surface form: intervention
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public <t>intervention</t> to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=intervention%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute, etc.) | synonyms=intercession | examples=it occurs without human intervention
2. sense_key=intervention%1:10:00:: | definition=a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries | synonyms=interference
3. sense_key=intervention%1:04:03:: | definition=the act or fact of interposing one thing between or among others | synonyms=interposition
4. sense_key=intervention%1:04:01:: | definition=(law) a proceeding that permits a person to enter into a lawsuit already in progress; admission of person not an original party to the suit so that person can protect some right or interest that is allegedly affected by the proceedings | examples=the purpose of intervention is to prevent unnecessary duplication of lawsuits
5. sense_key=intervention%1:04:02:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=treatment

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "intervention" in the context of "public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest."

The context is about political theory, government action, and public policy. The phrase "public intervention" refers to government involvement in the economy or society to remedy market excesses.

Sense 1: "the act of intervening (as to mediate a dispute, etc.)" - This is a general sense of intervention.
Sense 2: "a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries" - This is specifically about foreign affairs/international relations.
Sense 3: "the act or fact of interposing one thing between or among others" - This is more about physical interposition.
Sense 4: legal proceeding - not relevant here.
Sense 5: medical care/treatment - not relevant here.

The context is about domestic policy - government intervention in the economy. Sense 2 is specifically about intervening in other countries' affairs, which doesn't fit since this is about domestic economic policy. Sense 1 is the general sense of intervention, which would include government intervention in domestic affairs.

The example for sense 1 is "it occurs without human intervention" which suggests a broader meaning. But the definition mentions "as to mediate a dispute, etc." which is about stepping in to resolve situations.

In this context, "public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest" refers to government action to intervene in economic matters. This aligns most closely with sense 1 - the general act of intervening.

Sense 2 specifically mentions "affairs of other countries" which doesn't fit this domestic policy context.

So the best answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: remedy
Target surface form: remedy
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to <t>remedy</t> the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=remedy%2:30:00:: | definition=set straight or right | synonyms=rectify, remediate, repair, amend | examples=remedy these deficiencies; rectify the inequities in salaries
2. sense_key=remedy%2:29:00:: | definition=provide relief for | synonyms=relieve | examples=remedy his illness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "remedy" used in context: "public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest."

Sense 1: set straight or right (rectify, remediate, repair, amend) - examples: "remedy these deficiencies", "rectify the inequities in salaries"
Sense 2: provide relief for (relieve) - examples: "remedy his illness"

In context, "remedy the excesses" means to correct or set right the excesses. This aligns with Sense 1 (set straight or right), similar to "remedy these deficiencies" or "rectify the inequities."

Sense 2 is about providing relief, typically for illness or pain.

The best sense is Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: excess
Target surface form: excesses
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the <t>excesses</t> attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=excess%1:07:02:: | definition=a quantity much larger than is needed | synonyms=surplus, surplusage, nimiety
2. sense_key=excess%1:07:00:: | definition=immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits | synonyms=excessiveness, inordinateness
3. sense_key=excess%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being more than full | synonyms=surfeit, overabundance
4. sense_key=excess%1:04:00:: | definition=excessive indulgence | synonyms=overindulgence | examples=the child was spoiled by overindulgence

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "excesses" in the context: "public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest."

Here, "excesses" refers to immoderate behavior or going beyond permitted/sufficient limits in the pursuit of private interest. It's about negative consequences of going too far.

Sense 1: "a quantity much larger than is needed" - this is more about surplus quantity
Sense 2: "immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits" - this fits the idea of excesses in behavior/actions
Sense 3: "the state of being more than full" - surfeit, overabundance
Sense 4: "excessive indulgence" - overindulgence

The context talks about "excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest" - meaning going beyond limits in pursuing private interests. Sense 2 seems most appropriate as it captures immoderation and going beyond permitted limits, which aligns with the political/economic context of needing public intervention to remedy these excesses.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: attendant
Target surface form: attendant
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses <t>attendant</t> to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=attendant%5:00:00:present:02 | definition=being present (at meeting or event etc.) | examples=attendant members of the congreation
2. sense_key=attendant%5:00:00:subsequent:00 | definition=following or accompanying as a consequence | synonyms=consequent, accompanying, concomitant, incidental, ensuant, resultant | examples=an excessive growth of bureaucracy, with attendant problems; snags incidental to the changeover in management

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "attendant" in the context: "public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest."

Here, "attendant to" means "following or accompanying as a consequence." The excesses are a consequence of the pursuit of private interest. This matches sense 2.

Sense 1 is "being present (at meeting or event etc.)" which doesn't fit here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pursuit
Target surface form: pursuit
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the <t>pursuit</t> of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pursuit%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture | synonyms=chase, pursual, following | examples=the culprit started to run and the cop took off in pursuit
2. sense_key=pursuit%1:09:00:: | definition=a search for an alternative that meets cognitive criteria | synonyms=pursuance, quest | examples=the pursuit of love; life is more than the pursuance of fame
3. sense_key=pursuit%1:04:02:: | definition=an auxiliary activity | synonyms=avocation, by-line, hobby, sideline, spare-time activity
4. sense_key=pursuit%1:04:01:: | definition=a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly) | synonyms=pastime, interest | examples=sailing is her favorite pastime; his main pastime is gambling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is "the pursuit of private interest" in a political/economic theory discussion. This refers to the act of pursuing something (private interest), not a hobby, pastime, or chase in the physical sense.

Sense 1: "the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture" - this is more about physically chasing someone/something.
Sense 2: "a search for an alternative that meets cognitive criteria" with examples "the pursuit of love; life is more than the pursuance of fame" - this fits abstract pursuits like "the pursuit of private interest."
Sense 3: "an auxiliary activity" (hobby, etc.) - doesn't fit.
Sense 4: "a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts" - doesn't fit.

The best fit is sense 2, as "the pursuit of private interest" is analogous to "the pursuit of love" or "the pursuance of fame" - an abstract striving after a goal.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: private
Target surface form: private
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of <t>private</t> interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=private%3:00:00:: | definition=confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy | examples=a private place; private discussions
2. sense_key=private%5:00:02:personal:00 | definition=concerning things deeply private and personal | examples=private correspondence; private family matters
3. sense_key=private%5:00:00:personal:00 | definition=concerning one person exclusively | synonyms=individual | examples=we all have individual cars; each room has a private bath
4. sense_key=private%5:00:00:inward:00 | definition=not expressed | synonyms=secret | examples=secret (or private) thoughts

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "private" in the context "the pursuit of private interest."

The sentence contrasts "private interest" with public action/intervention. "Private" here means belonging to or concerning individual persons as opposed to the public/government.

Sense 3: "concerning one person exclusively" with synonym "individual" - examples "we all have individual cars; each room has a private bath"

Sense 1: "confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy" - examples "a private place; private discussions"

"Private interest" means individual/self-interest, not necessarily "providing privacy." The concept of "private interest" versus "public action" suggests it concerns individual persons' interests rather than collective/public interests.

Sense 3 seems the best fit because "private interest" means interest of individual persons, with the synonym "individual" being very apt. The concept is about individual economic interests as opposed to collective/public concerns.

Sense 1 could also work ("confined to particular persons or groups"), but the emphasis in context is on individual vs. public/collective. Sense 3's synonym "individual" aligns well with "private interest" (individual self-interest).

Let me consider more carefully. The context says "the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest" - this refers to self-interest, individual interests. Sense 3 "concerning one person exclusively" with synonym "individual" seems the best match.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: interest
Target surface form: interest
Context:
In every presidential election over the past half century, except for the Goldwater presidential candidacy, the GOP has captured a greater percentage of the major - party popular vote for president than it has of congressional seats or the popular vote for Congress. Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private <t>interest</t>. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=interest%1:09:00:: | definition=a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something | synonyms=involvement | examples=an interest in music
2. sense_key=interest%1:07:01:: | definition=a reason for wanting something done | synonyms=sake | examples=for your sake; died for the sake of his country
3. sense_key=interest%1:07:02:: | definition=the power of attracting or holding one's attention (because it is unusual or exciting etc.) | synonyms=interestingness | examples=they said nothing of great interest; primary colors can add interest to a room
4. sense_key=interest%1:21:00:: | definition=a fixed charge for borrowing money; usually a percentage of the amount borrowed | examples=how much interest do you pay on your mortgage?
5. sense_key=interest%1:21:03:: | definition=(law) a right or legal share of something; a financial involvement with something | synonyms=stake | examples=they have interests all over the world; a stake in the company's future
6. sense_key=interest%1:14:00:: | definition=(usually plural) a social group whose members control some field of activity and who have common aims | synonyms=interest group | examples=the iron interests stepped up production
7. sense_key=interest%1:04:01:: | definition=a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly) | synonyms=pastime, pursuit | examples=sailing is her favorite pastime; his main pastime is gambling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about political theory, discussing how voters choose between Republican and Democratic brands. The Democratic brand "believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest."

Here, "private interest" refers to self-interest, the interests of individuals or groups in society (as opposed to public interest). This aligns with the concept of a social group or field of activity controlled by members with common aims.

Looking at the senses:
1. involvement - a sense of concern with and curiosity
2. sake - a reason for wanting something done
3. interestingness - power of attracting attention
4. financial interest - charge for borrowing money
5. stake - legal share, financial involvement
6. interest group - a social group whose members control some field of activity
7. pastime

"Private interest" in political/economic context typically refers to self-interest, which in WordNet terms best matches sense 6 (social group with common aims) or possibly sense 5 (stake, financial involvement).

Actually, "pursuit of private interest" in political economy refers to individuals pursuing their own self-interest (their own benefit, advantage, stake). This is the classical economic concept.

Sense 6: "(usually plural) a social group whose members control some field of activity and who have common aims" - this is about interest groups

Sense 5: "(law) a right or legal share of something; a financial involvement with something" - this is about stake/financial involvement

In the phrase "pursuit of private interest," this is about individuals pursuing their own advantage/benefit. This is closest to sense 5 (stake, financial involvement) or sense 6 (interest group).

Hmm, but "interest" here is singular "private interest" - referring to self-interest, personal gain.

In WordNet, sense 6 is usually plural and refers to interest groups. "Private interest" here isn't really about an interest group.

Let me reconsider. "Pursuit of private interest" - this is individuals pursuing their own benefit/advantage. This is closest to a stake or involvement (sense 5) - one's personal interest/stake in something.

Actually, I think sense 6 fits best in political contexts where "interests" refers to groups with common aims. But here it's "private interest" singular, referring to self-interest.

Sense 5 (stake - financial involvement with something) seems closest, as it captures the idea of having a personal stake/interest in outcomes.

Wait, let me reconsider sense 2: "a reason for wanting something done" - this could fit "pursuit of private interest" as in pursuing one's own reasons/benefit.

Actually in classical economics and political theory, "private interest" = self-interest = one's own benefit/advantage. This is most aligned with sense 5 (stake) - a financial involvement with something, having a personal stake.

I'll go with sense 6 because in political science context, "interest" often refers to organized groups with common aims, and the phrase "pursuit of private interest" could refer to interest groups pursuing their agenda.

Hmm, but the singular "interest" and "private" suggests individual self-interest, not organized groups.

Let me think again. The context is economic theory about voters and political agents. "Public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest" - this is about individuals pursuing their own self-interest, which creates excesses that government needs to remedy.

Sense 5: "a right or legal share of something; a financial involvement with something" - stake
Sense 2: "a reason for wanting something done" - sake

I think sense 6 might still be the best fit in this political/economic context, as "interests" in political economy often refers to groups with common aims. Even though it's singular here, "private interest" could be a mass noun referring to the collective interests of private individuals/groups.

Actually, I'll go with sense 6. In political contexts, "interest" frequently refers to interest groups or organized interests, and the Republican brand believes in minimalist state and private markets (private interests), while Democrats believe in public intervention to remedy excesses of private interests.

Wait, but the phrase is "pursuit of private interest" - this is more about individual self-interest, the classic economic concept. Let me look at this more carefully.

In economics, "private interest" = self-interest = the pursuit of personal gain. This is the concept that Adam Smith discussed.

Looking at the senses again:
- Sense 2 (sake): "a reason for wanting something done" - could fit
- Sense 5 (stake): "a right or legal share; financial involvement" - could fit
- Sense 6 (interest group): "a social group whose members control some field of activity" - could fit in political context

I think sense 6 is the best match for the political context, where "interest" refers to organized groups or sectors with common aims. The "pursuit of private interest" in this context refers to private sector interests (business interests, etc.) as opposed to public interest.

Final answer: sense 6


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: representative
Target surface form: representatives
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional <t>representatives</t> have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=representative%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who represents others
2. sense_key=representative%1:18:02:: | definition=an advocate who represents someone else's policy or purpose | synonyms=spokesperson, interpreter, voice | examples=the meeting was attended by spokespersons for all the major organs of government
3. sense_key=representative%1:18:01:: | definition=a member of the United States House of Representatives | synonyms=congressman, congresswoman
4. sense_key=representative%1:09:00:: | definition=an item of information that is typical of a class or group | synonyms=example, illustration, instance | examples=this patient provides a typical example of the syndrome; there is an example on page 10

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context mentions "Congressional representatives" and "Republican congressional representatives" and "Democratic members of Congress." This clearly refers to members of the United States House of Representatives or more broadly congressional representatives.

Sense 3 is "a member of the United States House of Representatives" with synonyms congressman, congresswoman. This fits perfectly with "Congressional representatives" in the context.

Sense 1 is more generic "a person who represents others" - this is too broad.
Sense 2 is about an advocate/spokesperson - not quite right.
Sense 4 is about an item of information - clearly wrong.

The best sense is 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: have
Target surface form: have
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives <t>have</t> two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=have%2:40:00:: | definition=have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense | synonyms=have got, hold | examples=She has $1,000 in the bank; He has got two beautiful daughters
2. sense_key=have%2:42:00:: | definition=have as a feature | synonyms=feature | examples=This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France
3. sense_key=have%2:39:06:: | definition=go through (mental or physical states or experiences) | synonyms=experience, receive, get | examples=get an idea; experience vertigo
4. sense_key=have%2:40:04:: | definition=have ownership or possession of | synonyms=own, possess | examples=He owns three houses in Florida; How many cars does she have?
5. sense_key=have%2:30:00:: | definition=cause to move; cause to be in a certain position or condition | synonyms=get, let | examples=He got his squad on the ball; This let me in for a big surprise
6. sense_key=have%2:34:00:: | definition=serve oneself to, or consume regularly | synonyms=consume, ingest, take in, take | examples=Have another bowl of chicken soup!; I don't take sugar in my coffee
7. sense_key=have%2:41:00:: | definition=have a personal or business relationship with someone | examples=have a postdoc; have an assistant
8. sense_key=have%2:36:00:: | definition=organize or be responsible for | synonyms=hold, throw, make, give | examples=hold a reception; have, throw, or make a party
9. sense_key=have%2:40:01:: | definition=have left | examples=I have two years left; I don't have any money left
10. sense_key=have%2:42:12:: | definition=be confronted with | examples=What do we have here?; Now we have a fine mess
11. sense_key=have%2:30:01:: | definition=undergo | synonyms=experience | examples=The stocks had a fast run-up
12. sense_key=have%2:29:02:: | definition=suffer from; be ill with | examples=She has arthritis
13. sense_key=have%2:32:00:: | definition=cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner | synonyms=induce, stimulate, cause, get, make | examples=The ads induced me to buy a VCR; My children finally got me to buy a computer
14. sense_key=have%2:40:05:: | definition=receive willingly something given or offered | synonyms=accept, take | examples=The only girl who would have him was the miller's daughter; I won't have this dog in my house!
15. sense_key=have%2:40:03:: | definition=get something; come into possession of | synonyms=receive | examples=receive payment; receive a gift
16. sense_key=have%2:29:05:: | definition=undergo (as of injuries and illnesses) | synonyms=suffer, sustain, get | examples=She suffered a fracture in the accident; He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars
17. sense_key=have%2:40:02:: | definition=achieve a point or goal | synonyms=get, make | examples=Nicklaus had a 70; The Brazilian team got 4 goals
18. sense_key=have%2:29:00:: | definition=cause to be born | synonyms=give birth, deliver, bear, birth | examples=My wife had twins yesterday!
19. sense_key=have%2:35:00:: | definition=have sex with; archaic use | synonyms=take | examples=He had taken this woman when she was most vulnerable

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "have" in the context: "Congressional representatives <t>have</t> two basic responsibilities while voting in office".
Here, "have" means to possess or be endowed with (abstractly).
Sense 1: "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense" - examples: "She has $1,000 in the bank", "He has got two beautiful daughters".
Sense 4: "have ownership or possession of" - examples: "He owns three houses in Florida", "How many cars does she have?"
Sense 2: "have as a feature" - "This restaurant features the most famous chefs in France".
Sense 7: "have a personal or business relationship with someone".

"Responsibilities" are abstract things that someone "has".
Sense 1 seems best: "have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense".
Let's double check Sense 2: "have as a feature". Congressional representatives don't "feature" two basic responsibilities.
So Sense 1 is the right choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: responsibility
Target surface form: responsibilities
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic <t>responsibilities</t> while voting in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=responsibility%1:04:00:: | definition=the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force; ; - John D.Rockefeller Jr | synonyms=duty, obligation | examples=we must instill a sense of duty in our children; every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty
2. sense_key=responsibility%1:26:00:: | definition=the proper sphere or extent of your activities | synonyms=province | examples=it was his province to take care of himself
3. sense_key=responsibility%1:07:00:: | definition=a form of trustworthiness; the trait of being answerable to someone for something or being responsible for one's conduct | synonyms=responsibleness | examples=he holds a position of great responsibility

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "responsibilities" in the context: "Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues... and attending to local issues..."

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. Sense 1: "the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force" (duty, obligation). Examples include "we must instill a sense of duty in our children."
2. Sense 2: "the proper sphere or extent of your activities" (province). Example: "it was his province to take care of himself."
3. Sense 3: "a form of trustworthiness; the trait of being answerable to someone for something or being responsible for one's conduct" (responsibleness). Example: "he holds a position of great responsibility."

In the context, "responsibilities" refers to the two basic areas of activity/duty that Congressional representatives have while voting in office: dealing with national issues and attending to local issues. These are described as actions they must take, duties they must fulfill.

Looking at sense 1 (duty, obligation): "the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force." This fits well - representatives are bound to perform these courses of action (dealing with national issues and attending to local issues).

Looking at sense 2 (province): "the proper sphere or extent of your activities." This could potentially fit since the responsibilities are described as two spheres of activity - national issues and local issues. However, "province" seems more about the domain or scope rather than the duty itself.

Looking at sense 3 (responsibleness): "a form of trustworthiness; the trait of being answerable to someone." This is about a personal trait or characteristic, not about specific tasks or duties. The context is about specific tasks/actions (dealing with national issues, attending to local issues), not about the trait of being responsible.

The context is about specific duties or obligations that Congressional representatives have - the actions they are bound to perform. The word "responsibilities" here refers to the courses of action demanded of them, which aligns most closely with sense 1 (duty, obligation).

The text says they "have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues... and attending to local issues..." These are duties/obligations they must perform. Sense 1 fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: vote
Target surface form: voting
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while <t>voting</t> in office -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=vote%2:41:13:: | definition=express one's preference for a candidate or for a measure or resolution; cast a vote | examples=He voted for the motion; None of the Democrats voted last night
2. sense_key=vote%2:41:10:: | definition=express one's choice or preference by vote | examples=vote the Democratic ticket
3. sense_key=vote%2:41:11:: | definition=express a choice or opinion | examples=I vote that we all go home; She voted for going to the Chinese restaurant
4. sense_key=vote%2:41:09:: | definition=be guided by in voting | examples=vote one's conscience
5. sense_key=vote%2:41:12:: | definition=bring into existence or make available by vote | examples=They voted aid for the underdeveloped countries in Asia

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "voting" in the context: "Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues... casting roll call votes on legislation..."

The context describes congressional representatives casting roll call votes on legislation. This is about expressing a preference for a measure or resolution (voting on legislation).

Sense 1: "express one's preference for a candidate or for a measure or resolution; cast a vote" - Examples: "He voted for the motion; None of the Democrats voted last night"

This fits well because the context is about congressional representatives voting on legislation (measures/resolutions).

Sense 2: "express one's choice or preference by vote" - vote the Democratic ticket - this is more about voting for a party ticket.

Sense 3: "express a choice or opinion" - I vote that we all go home - more informal, expressing opinion.

Sense 4: "be guided by in voting" - vote one's conscience

Sense 5: "bring into existence or make available by vote" - They voted aid...

The best fit is sense 1, as it specifically mentions casting votes on measures or resolutions, which aligns with "casting roll call votes on legislation."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: office
Target surface form: office
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in <t>office</t> -- dealing with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=office%1:06:00:: | definition=place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed | synonyms=business office | examples=he rented an office in the new building
2. sense_key=office%1:14:01:: | definition=an administrative unit of government | synonyms=agency, federal agency, government agency, bureau, authority | examples=the Central Intelligence Agency; the Census Bureau
3. sense_key=office%1:04:01:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, part, role | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
4. sense_key=office%1:26:00:: | definition=(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office
5. sense_key=office%1:14:00:: | definition=professional or clerical workers in an office | synonyms=office staff | examples=the whole office was late the morning of the blizzard
6. sense_key=office%1:04:00:: | definition=a religious rite or service prescribed by ecclesiastical authorities | examples=the offices of the mass
7. sense_key=office%1:04:02:: | definition=a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place | examples=he occupied a post in the treasury

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about congressional representatives voting "in office". The phrase "while voting in office" refers to them holding their governmental position/power.
Sense 4: "(of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power | synonyms=power | examples=being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage; during his first year in office"
This fits perfectly with "while voting in office".
Sense 7: "a job in an organization | synonyms=position, post, berth, spot, billet, place"
"in office" in political contexts strongly aligns with sense 4 ("being in power").

Let's check the options carefully.
1: place of business
2: administrative unit of government
3: actions/activities assigned
4: holding an office means being in power
5: office staff
6: religious rite
7: a job in an organization

"in office" usually refers to holding a position of power, which is exactly Sense 4.
"during his first year in office" -> "while voting in office". Matches sense 4 perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: dealing
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- <t>dealing</t> with national issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%2:32:08:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, address | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
2. sense_key=deal%2:31:10:: | definition=take into consideration for exemplifying purposes | synonyms=consider, take, look at | examples=Take the case of China; Consider the following case
3. sense_key=deal%2:41:09:: | definition=take action with respect to (someone or something) | examples=How are we going to deal with this problem?; The teacher knew how to deal with these lazy students
4. sense_key=deal%2:41:00:: | definition=come to terms with | synonyms=cope, get by, make out, make do, contend, grapple | examples=We got by on just a gallon of gas; They made do on half a loaf of bread every day
5. sense_key=deal%2:40:01:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, administer, mete out, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
6. sense_key=deal%2:40:00:: | definition=do business; offer for sale as for one's livelihood | synonyms=sell, trade | examples=She deals in gold; The brothers sell shoes
7. sense_key=deal%2:41:13:: | definition=be in charge of, act on, or dispose of | synonyms=manage, care, handle | examples=I can deal with this crew of workers; This blender can't handle nuts
8. sense_key=deal%2:41:04:: | definition=behave in a certain way towards others | examples=He deals fairly with his employees
9. sense_key=deal%2:40:02:: | definition=distribute cards to the players in a game | examples=Who's dealing?
10. sense_key=deal%2:41:02:: | definition=direct the course of; manage or control | synonyms=conduct, carry on | examples=You cannot conduct business like this
11. sense_key=deal%2:40:07:: | definition=give out as one's portion or share | synonyms=share, divvy up, portion out, apportion
12. sense_key=deal%2:40:06:: | definition=give (a specific card) to a player | examples=He dealt me the Queen of Spades
13. sense_key=deal%2:40:11:: | definition=sell | examples=deal hashish

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "dealing" in the context: "Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national issues (programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation...)"

The context is about Congressional representatives handling/addressing national issues as part of their responsibilities. "Dealing with national issues" means taking action on or managing national issues.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. deal%2:32:08:: - act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression (cover, treat, handle, plow, address) - examples: "This book deals with incest" - This is about discussing/covering a topic.

2. deal%2:31:10:: - take into consideration for exemplifying purposes - examples: "Take the case of China" - Not relevant.

3. deal%2:41:09:: - take action with respect to (someone or something) - examples: "How are we going to deal with this problem?" - This is about taking action on something.

4. deal%2:41:00:: - come to terms with (cope, get by, make out, make do, contend, grapple) - examples: "We got by on just a gallon of gas" - This is about coping/surviving.

5. deal%2:40:01:: - administer or bestow, as in small portions - Not relevant.

6. deal%2:40:00:: - do business; offer for sale - Not relevant.

7. deal%2:41:13:: - be in charge of, act on, or dispose of (manage, care, handle) - examples: "I can deal with this crew of workers" - This is about managing/being in charge of.

8. deal%2:41:04:: - behave in a certain way towards others - Not quite right.

9-13: Various other senses not relevant.

The context says Congressional representatives have responsibilities including "dealing with national issues" - this means they are taking action on, managing, or handling national issues. The parenthetical explains this as "programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation."

Sense 3 (take action with respect to someone or something) with example "How are we going to deal with this problem?" seems very close.

Sense 7 (be in charge of, act on, or dispose of) with synonyms manage, care, handle and example "I can deal with this crew of workers" also seems relevant.

Sense 1 (act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression) with synonyms cover, treat, handle, address and example "This book deals with incest" - This is more about discussing/covering a topic in expression.

The key distinction: "dealing with national issues" in the context of Congressional representatives voting in office - they are taking action on national issues through programmatic actions like casting votes. This is about taking action, not just discussing.

Sense 3 "take action with respect to (someone or something)" with example "How are we going to deal with this problem?" seems the best fit. The example is very similar - dealing with a problem, just as representatives deal with national issues.

Sense 7 "be in charge of, act on, or dispose of" with synonyms manage, care, handle - this is also about managing/controlling. The example "I can deal with this crew of workers" suggests being in charge.

Between sense 3 and sense 7:
- Sense 3: "take action with respect to" - example: "How are we going to deal with this problem?"
- Sense 7: "be in charge of, act on, or dispose of" - synonyms: manage, care, handle - example: "I can deal with this crew of workers"

The context is about Congressional representatives having the responsibility of "dealing with national issues" through programmatic actions. This is about taking action on issues, which aligns with sense 3. The example "How are we going to deal with this problem?" is very close to "dealing with national issues."

However, sense 7 with "be in charge of, act on, or dispose of" and synonyms like "manage, handle" could also fit, since representatives are managing/handling national issues.

Looking more carefully, the context describes "dealing with national issues" as one of two "basic responsibilities" - this suggests it's about handling/managing/being in charge of national issues as part of their job. The parenthetical "(programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation)" clarifies what dealing with national issues means.

Sense 3 "take action with respect to" seems the most fitting because:
- The example "How are we going to deal with this problem?" closely parallels "dealing with national issues"
- The representatives are taking action (voting on legislation) with respect to national issues
- The definition emphasizes taking action, which matches the "programmatic actions" described

I'll go with sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: national
Target surface form: national
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with <t>national</t> issues -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=national%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country | examples=national hero; national anthem
2. sense_key=national%3:00:00:: | definition=limited to or in the interests of a particular nation | examples=national interests; isolationism is a strictly national policy
3. sense_key=national%3:00:01:: | definition=concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country | examples=the national government; national elections
4. sense_key=national%5:00:00:public:00 | definition=owned or maintained for the public by the national government | examples=national parks
5. sense_key=national%5:00:00:domestic:00 | definition=inside the country | synonyms=home, interior, internal | examples=the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior; the nation's internal politics
6. sense_key=national%3:01:02:: | definition=characteristic of or peculiar to the people of a nation | examples=a national trait
7. sense_key=national%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to nationality | examples=national origin

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "national" in the context: "dealing with national issues (programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large)".

The context contrasts "national issues" with "local issues (constituency service and pork barrel)". The "national issues" are described as affecting "the population at large" of the country.

Sense 3: "concerned with or applicable to or belonging to an entire nation or country" - examples: "the national government; national elections". This fits well because national issues are issues that apply to the entire nation, as opposed to local issues.

Sense 1: "of or relating to or belonging to a nation or country" - examples: "national hero; national anthem". This is more general.

Sense 5: "inside the country" - synonyms: home, interior, internal. This is about domestic vs. foreign.

The context is about national issues vs. local issues, where national issues affect the entire population. Sense 3 seems the best fit because it emphasizes applicability to the entire nation, which matches "population at large" and the contrast with "local issues."

Let me go with sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: issue
Target surface form: issues
Context:
Prior to 1932, the pattern was nearly the opposite. What accounts for the results of recent decades? A simple economic theory may provide at least a partial explanation for the split personality displayed by Americans in the voting booth. The theory relies on three assumptions: 1 -RRB- Voters can "buy "one of two brands when they select their political agents -- a Republican brand that believes in the minimalist state and in the virtues of private markets over the vices of public action, and a Democratic brand that believes in big government and in public intervention to remedy the excesses attendant to the pursuit of private interest. 2 -RRB- Congressional representatives have two basic responsibilities while voting in office -- dealing with national <t>issues</t> -LRB- programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large -RRB- and attending to local issues -LRB- constituency service and pork barrel -RRB-. 3 -RRB- Republican congressional representatives, because of their belief in a minimalist state, are less willing to engage in local benefit-seeking than are Democratic members of Congress.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=issue%1:09:01:: | definition=an important question that is in dispute and must be settled | examples=the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone; politicians never discuss the real issues
2. sense_key=issue%1:10:00:: | definition=one of a series published periodically | synonyms=number | examples=she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waiting room
3. sense_key=issue%1:09:00:: | definition=some situation or event that is thought about | synonyms=topic, subject, matter | examples=he kept drifting off the topic; he had been thinking about the subject for several years
4. sense_key=issue%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of providing an item for general use or for official purposes (usually in quantity) | synonyms=issuing, issuance | examples=a new issue of stamps; the last issue of penicillin was over a month ago
5. sense_key=issue%1:21:01:: | definition=supplies (as food or clothing or ammunition) issued by the government | synonyms=military issue, government issue
6. sense_key=issue%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, take, takings, proceeds, yield, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
7. sense_key=issue%1:19:00:: | definition=a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon | synonyms=consequence, effect, outcome, result, event, upshot | examples=the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise; his decision had depressing consequences for business
8. sense_key=issue%1:18:00:: | definition=the immediate descendants of a person | synonyms=offspring, progeny | examples=she was the mother of many offspring; he died without issue
9. sense_key=issue%1:11:00:: | definition=the becoming visible | synonyms=emergence, egress | examples=not a day's difference between the emergence of the andrenas and the opening of the willow catkins
10. sense_key=issue%1:06:00:: | definition=an opening that permits escape or release | synonyms=exit, outlet, way out | examples=he blocked the way out; the canyon had only one issue
11. sense_key=issue%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of issuing printed materials | synonyms=publication

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "issues" in the context: "dealing with national issues (programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation that imposes costs and/or confers benefits on the population at large) and attending to local issues (constituency service and pork barrel)".

Here, "issues" refers to matters or topics that Congressional representatives deal with — national issues like legislation, and local issues like constituency service. This is about situations or events that are thought about, i.e., topics/subjects/matters.

Sense 1: "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled" — examples include "politicians never discuss the real issues"
Sense 3: "some situation or event that is thought about" — synonyms: topic, subject, matter

The context here is about "national issues" and "local issues" that congressional representatives deal with. These are topics/matters/subjects that representatives must address.

Sense 1 mentions "politicians never discuss the real issues" which is close, but the definition is about "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled." The issues here are more like topics or matters that representatives deal with — programmatic actions, legislation, constituency service.

Actually, looking more carefully: "dealing with national issues (programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation...)" — these are important questions/matters that need to be settled through legislation. The examples for sense 1 include "politicians never discuss the real issues" which is very close to this political context.

But sense 3's definition "some situation or event that is thought about" with synonyms "topic, subject, matter" also fits well — national issues are national topics/matters.

Hmm, let me think about this more carefully. The context is about congressional representatives "dealing with national issues" — these are policy matters, legislative topics. The parenthetical explains them as "programmatic actions such as casting roll call votes on legislation."

Sense 1 is about "an important question that is in dispute and must be settled" — this fits political issues that need resolution through legislation.

Sense 3 is about "some situation or event that is thought about" — this is more general, like a topic of thought.

In political context, "issues" typically refers to important questions in dispute — policy issues, legislative issues. The fact that the example for sense 1 explicitly mentions "politicians never discuss the real issues" strongly suggests sense 1 is the political sense of "issues."

I'll go with sense 1.