[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survive
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not <t>survive</t> adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "survive" in the context: "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy."

Here, "survive" means to continue to exist or persist despite something (in this case, adolescent illiteracy). The parents' commitment to creativity cannot continue to exist when faced with adolescent illiteracy.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. survive%2:42:01:: - "continue to live through hardship or adversity" - examples: "We went without water and food for 3 days"; "These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America"
2. survive%2:42:02:: - "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" - examples: "He survived the cancer against all odds"
3. survive%2:42:00:: - "support oneself" - examples: "he could barely exist on such a low wage"
4. survive%2:42:03:: - "live longer than" - examples: "She outlived her husband by many years"

The context is about a commitment (an abstract concept) not being able to persist in the face of adolescent illiteracy. This is about continuing to exist despite adversity.

Sense 1 is "continue to live through hardship or adversity" with the example "These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America" - this is about an abstract concept (superstitions) continuing to exist.

Sense 2 is "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" with the example "He survived the cancer against all odds" - this is about a person surviving something.

In the context, "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy" - the commitment cannot continue to exist when faced with adolescent illiteracy. The structure is "X cannot survive Y" where Y is the challenge/adversity.

Sense 1 seems more about continuing through adversity, while sense 2 is about continuing in existence after an adversity. The example for sense 2 "He survived the cancer" has the same structure "X survived Y" where Y is the adversity.

The context "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy" parallels "He survived the cancer" - both have the structure where something persists despite/after an adversity.

Sense 2 seems to be the best fit because:
- It's about continuing in existence after an adversity
- The example "He survived the cancer" has the same syntactic structure
- "adolescent illiteracy" is the adversity that the commitment cannot continue in existence after

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 1's example "These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America" shows an abstract concept surviving, which is closer to our context where "commitment" (abstract) survives. But the definition of sense 1 is "continue to live through hardship or adversity" and the structure in context is "cannot survive adolescent illiteracy" - the adversity is the object of survive.

In sense 2, the definition is "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" - the adversity is explicitly the object. The example "He survived the cancer" has cancer as the object of survive.

In our context, "adolescent illiteracy" is the object of survive - the commitment cannot continue in existence after/facing adolescent illiteracy.

I think sense 2 is the best fit because:
1. The syntactic structure matches (survive + adversity as object)
2. The definition explicitly mentions "(an adversity, etc.)" as the object
3. The example has the same structure

Let me verify once more. "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy" - the commitment cannot continue to exist after/facing adolescent illiteracy. Sense 2: "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" - this matches perfectly.

Sense 1 could also work, but its definition says "continue to live through hardship or adversity" which suggests enduring through the hardship rather than continuing after it. The example "We went without water and food for 3 days" shows enduring through hardship, and "These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America" shows continuing to live/exist in a location.

I'll go with sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: adolescent
Target surface form: adolescent
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive <t>adolescent</t> illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=adolescent%3:01:00:: | definition=relating to or peculiar to or suggestive of an adolescent | examples=adolescent problems
2. sense_key=adolescent%5:00:00:young:00 | definition=being of the age 13 through 19 | synonyms=teen, teenage, teenaged | examples=teenage mothers; the teen years
3. sense_key=adolescent%5:00:00:immature:02 | definition=displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity | synonyms=jejune, juvenile, puerile | examples=adolescent insecurity; jejune responses to our problems
4. sense_key=adolescent%5:00:00:immature:01 | definition=in the state of development between puberty and maturity | examples=adolescent boys and girls

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "adolescent" in the context: "Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive <t>adolescent</t> illiteracy."

Let's analyze the context. The passage discusses a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched by their good opinion of themselves. It talks about romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, and parents wanting their children to get a decent education. The phrase "adolescent illiteracy" refers to illiteracy among adolescents (young people).

Let's look at the senses:
1. relating to or peculiar to or suggestive of an adolescent - adjective describing characteristics of adolescents
2. being of the age 13 through 19 - referring to the age group (teenage)
3. displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity - pejorative sense meaning immature
4. in the state of development between puberty and maturity - biological/developmental sense

The context mentions "youngsters," "young people," "children," "education." The phrase "adolescent illiteracy" likely refers to illiteracy among adolescents (the age group), meaning teenage illiteracy.

However, let me consider whether it could be sense 3 (immature). The passage is critical of the educational approach and its results - ignorance, intellectual incompetence. "Adolescent illiteracy" could be read as illiteracy that is characteristic of immaturity, but in this context, it more likely refers to illiteracy among adolescents (teenagers). The passage discusses education of young people/children, and the illiteracy is a consequence of the educational approach on these young people.

Sense 2 (being of the age 13 through 19, synonymous with teenage) seems most appropriate. "Adolescent illiteracy" = "teenage illiteracy" - illiteracy among teenagers.

Wait, but "children" in the passage might suggest younger ages too. But "adolescent" specifically narrows it to the teen years.

Actually, looking more carefully, the passage talks about "youngsters" and "young people" and "children" in general, but the specific phrase "adolescent illiteracy" refers to illiteracy in adolescents. The author is likely using "adolescent" to refer to the age group (teenagers), making sense 2 the best fit.

Sense 4 is "in the state of development between puberty and maturity" which is more biological/developmental. Sense 2 is specifically about being aged 13-19, synonymous with teenage. The phrase "adolescent illiteracy" is about illiteracy affecting this age group.

I'll go with sense 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: StreamLake

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: illiteracy
Target surface form: illiteracy
Context:
In practice, it ends up being equated with a "self-expression "that encourages the youngsters' "self-esteem. "The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent <t>illiteracy</t>. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=illiteracy%1:09:01:: | definition=ignorance resulting from not reading
2. sense_key=illiteracy%1:09:00:: | definition=an inability to read | synonyms=analphabetism

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses how "creativity" in education leads to students who have "ignorance and intellectual incompetence" but high self-esteem. The sentence says "Their commitment to 'creativity' can not survive adolescent illiteracy."

Here, "illiteracy" is used in the context of education where students fail to gain proper knowledge and competence. The passage discusses how romantic approaches to education (focusing on creativity and self-esteem over disciplined instruction) result in students who are ignorant and intellectually incompetent.

The question is whether "illiteracy" here means:
1. ignorance resulting from not reading (sense 1)
2. an inability to read (sense 2, analphabetism)

The context is about a broader educational failure - students who are ignorant and intellectually incompetent. The "illiteracy" here seems to be about the consequence of not reading/not being properly educated, rather than a literal inability to read (decoding text). The passage talks about "ignorance" and "intellectual incompetence" as the results, which aligns more with "ignorance resulting from not reading" (sense 1).

The use of "adolescent illiteracy" in this context suggests a state of being uneducated/ignorant due to lack of proper reading and learning, rather than a clinical inability to decode text. The passage is criticizing an educational philosophy that produces students who, despite high self-esteem, lack knowledge and intellectual skills - this is closer to "ignorance resulting from not reading" (sense 1).

Sense 1: illiteracy%1:09:01:: = ignorance resulting from not reading
Sense 2: illiteracy%1:09:00:: = an inability to read | synonyms=analphabetism

I'll go with sense 1.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: american
Target surface form: American
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. <t>American</t> education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=american%3:01:01:: | definition=of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture | examples=American citizens; American English
2. sense_key=american%3:01:00:: | definition=of or relating to or characteristic of the continents and islands of the Americas | examples=the American hemisphere; American flora and fauna

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses "American education's future" in what appears to be a critique of American educational practices. The text is clearly referring to the United States of America's education system, not the broader Americas (continents). The use of "we -- all of us" and "the education establishment" suggests a US context.

Sense 1 is "of or relating to the United States of America or its people or language or culture" - this fits perfectly.

Sense 2 is "of or relating to or characteristic of the continents and islands of the Americas" - this is broader, referring to North and South America collectively.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American <t>education</t>'s future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "education" in the phrase "American education's future will be determined by..."

The context discusses "American education" as a system or institution - "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way." This refers to the system of education, the activities of educating or instructing.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. education%1:04:00:: - the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill (synonyms: instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity)
2. education%1:09:00:: - knowledge acquired by learning and instruction
3. education%1:09:01:: - the gradual process of acquiring knowledge
4. education%1:04:01:: - the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. education%1:07:01:: - the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior)
6. education%1:14:00:: - the United States federal department

The phrase "American education's future" refers to the system of education in America - the activities, the establishment, the institutional practice of educating. This is about the educational system/activity, not about knowledge acquired by an individual, nor about the federal department.

Sense 1 seems to fit best - "the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill." When we say "American education's future," we're talking about the system of educational activities in America.

Sense 4 "the profession of teaching" could also be considered, but "American education" is broader than just the profession - it encompasses the whole system of educational activities.

I'll go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: future
Target surface form: future
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's <t>future</t> will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=future%1:28:00:: | definition=the time yet to come | synonyms=hereafter, futurity, time to come
2. sense_key=future%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future | synonyms=future tense
3. sense_key=future%1:06:00:: | definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."
"future" here refers to what will happen to American education in the time to come.
Sense 1: the time yet to come.
Sense 2: a verb tense.
Sense 3: bulk commodities.
Therefore, Sense 1 is the right choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: determine
Target surface form: determined
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be <t>determined</t> by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=determine%2:32:00:: | definition=establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study | synonyms=find, find out, ascertain | examples=find the product of two numbers; The physicist who found the elusive particle won the Nobel Prize
2. sense_key=determine%2:31:02:: | definition=shape or influence; give direction to | synonyms=shape, mold, influence, regulate | examples=experience often determines ability; mold public opinion
3. sense_key=determine%2:31:01:: | definition=fix conclusively or authoritatively | synonyms=set | examples=set the rules
4. sense_key=determine%2:32:03:: | definition=decide upon or fix definitely | synonyms=specify, set, define, fix, limit | examples=fix the variables; specify the parameters
5. sense_key=determine%2:31:00:: | definition=reach, make, or come to a decision about something | synonyms=decide, make up one's mind | examples=We finally decided after lengthy deliberations
6. sense_key=determine%2:31:03:: | definition=fix in scope; fix the boundaries of | examples=the tree determines the border of the property
7. sense_key=determine%2:32:05:: | definition=settle conclusively; come to terms | synonyms=settle, square off, square up | examples=We finally settled the argument
8. sense_key=determine%2:32:01:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=check, find out, see, ascertain, watch, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "determined" in the context: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."

This means the future of American education will be shaped or influenced by the degree to which common sense prevails. It's about what will shape or influence the outcome.

Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study - synonyms: find, find out, ascertain
2. shape or influence; give direction to - synonyms: shape, mold, influence, regulate - examples: experience often determines ability
3. fix conclusively or authoritatively - synonyms: set - examples: set the rules
4. decide upon or fix definitely - synonyms: specify, set, define, fix, limit
5. reach, make, or come to a decision about something - synonyms: decide, make up one's mind
6. fix in scope; fix the boundaries of
7. settle conclusively; come to terms - synonyms: settle, square off, square up
8. find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort

The context is "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we allow this common sense to prevail." This is about what will shape or influence the future. The degree to which common sense prevails will shape/guide/direct the future of education.

Sense 2 (shape or influence; give direction to) fits best here. The example "experience often determines ability" is similar in structure - something shapes or influences an outcome.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degree
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the <t>degree</t> to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "degree" in the context: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."

Here, "the degree to which" means the extent or amount to which something happens. This refers to a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality.

Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" with synonyms "grade, level" and examples "a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required"
Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" with synonyms "level, stage, point" and examples "a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?"

The phrase "the degree to which" suggests extent or amount. Looking at the examples:
- Sense 2 has "a remarkable degree of frankness" which is about the extent/amount of frankness.
- Sense 1 has "a moderate grade of intelligence" and "a high level of care."

The phrase "the degree to which" refers to the extent, which aligns with "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" (sense 1) or "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" (sense 2).

The example "a remarkable degree of frankness" in sense 2 is very close to the usage here - "the degree to which we allow..." Both are about the extent/amount of something abstract.

However, sense 1 says "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" which also fits well. The synonyms for sense 1 are "grade, level" and for sense 2 are "level, stage, point."

"The degree to which" is about the extent/amount, which is more about intensity or amount (sense 1) than a specific identifiable position in a continuum or process (sense 2).

Actually, let me reconsider. "The degree to which" is a common phrase meaning "the extent to which." This is about the amount or extent. Sense 1 mentions "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" which fits well. Sense 2 mentions "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" which also could fit.

The example for sense 2, "a remarkable degree of frankness," is very similar to the usage in the context. "The degree to which we allow..." is about the extent/amount, similar to "a remarkable degree of frankness."

I think sense 1 is the best fit because "the degree to which" refers to the extent/amount, which is about a position on a scale of intensity or amount.

Actually, looking more carefully:
Sense 1: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality" - examples: "a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required"
Sense 2: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process" - examples: "a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?"

The example "a remarkable degree of frankness" in sense 2 is very similar to "the degree to which we allow this common sense to prevail." Both express the extent or amount of something.

I'll go with sense 1, as "the degree to which" refers to the extent/amount, which is about a position on a scale of intensity or amount.

Hmm, but "a remarkable degree of frankness" is a very close parallel. Let me think again...

"The degree to which" - this is about the extent, the amount. Sense 1 says "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality." Sense 2 says "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process."

The key difference seems to be that sense 2 is about a position in a process or continuum, while sense 1 is about intensity or amount or quality on a scale.

"The degree to which we allow common sense to prevail" is about the extent/amount, which aligns with sense 1's "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality."

But the example for sense 2, "a remarkable degree of frankness," also seems to be about amount/extent.

I think sense 1 is the best fit. The phrase "the degree to which" indicates the extent or amount, which matches "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality."

Let me go with sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: allow
Target surface form: allow
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- <t>allow</t> this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=allow%2:41:00:: | definition=make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen | synonyms=let, permit | examples=This permits the water to rush in; This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement
2. sense_key=allow%2:32:00:: | definition=consent to, give permission | synonyms=permit, let, countenance | examples=She permitted her son to visit her estranged husband; I won't let the police search her basement
3. sense_key=allow%2:40:00:: | definition=let have | synonyms=grant | examples=grant permission; Mandela was allowed few visitors in prison
4. sense_key=allow%2:31:01:: | definition=give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause | synonyms=appropriate, earmark, set aside, reserve | examples=I will earmark this money for your research; She sets aside time for meditation every day
5. sense_key=allow%2:42:00:: | definition=make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | synonyms=leave, allow for, provide | examples=This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion
6. sense_key=allow%2:31:00:: | definition=allow or plan for a certain possibility; concede the truth or validity of something | synonyms=take into account | examples=I allow for this possibility; The seamstress planned for 5% shrinkage after the first wash
7. sense_key=allow%2:42:07:: | definition=afford possibility | synonyms=admit | examples=This problem admits of no solution; This short story allows of several different interpretations
8. sense_key=allow%2:41:01:: | definition=allow the other (baseball) team to score | synonyms=give up | examples=give up a run
9. sense_key=allow%2:40:01:: | definition=grant as a discount or in exchange | examples=The camera store owner allowed me $50 on my old camera
10. sense_key=allow%2:32:06:: | definition=allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting | synonyms=permit, tolerate | examples=We don't allow dogs here; Children are not permitted beyond this point

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "allow" in the context: "American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."

Let's analyze the context. We are looking at the verb "allow".
"allow this common sense to prevail"
This means making it possible for common sense to prevail.
Let's look at the candidate senses.

1. sense_key=allow%2:41:00:: | make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen | synonyms=let, permit | examples=This permits the water to rush in; This sealed door won't allow the water come into the basement
2. sense_key=allow%2:32:00:: | consent to, give permission | synonyms=permit, let, countenance | examples=She permitted her son to visit her estranged husband; I won't let the police search her basement
5. sense_key=allow%2:42:00:: | make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain | synonyms=leave, allow for, provide | examples=This leaves no room for improvement; The evidence allows only one conclusion

Is "allow" here "make it possible through a specific action or lack of action"? Yes, "allow [common sense] to prevail".
Wait, let's look at sense 1: "make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen". The structure is "allow [X] to [verb]". "allow this common sense to prevail"
This matches sense 1 perfectly: "This permits the water to rush in" -> "allow this common sense to prevail".
Sense 2 is "consent to, give permission". Example: "She permitted her son to visit..." -> usually allowing a person to do something, granting permission.
Sense 5: "make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain". Example: "The evidence allows only one conclusion". This doesn't fit the "allow X to Y" infinitive construction as well as sense 1.

Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 5.
Sense 1 is about making something happen (through action or inaction). "allow [object] to [verb]"
Sense 5 is about making a possibility or providing opportunity for. "allow [object]". "The evidence allows only one conclusion". "This leaves no room for improvement".
Here, "we allow this common sense to prevail". It's an action of letting an abstract concept do something. Sense 1 specifically has the "allow X to Y" structure in its examples: "This permits the water to rush in", "won't allow the water come into the basement".

Another candidate is Sense 10: "allow the presence of or allow (an activity) without opposing or prohibiting". But the phrasing "allow X to Y" is heavily aligned with Sense 1.

Let's check the definition of Sense 1 again: "make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen"
Does "allow this common sense to prevail" fit? Yes. We make it possible (through our action or lack of action) for common sense to prevail.

Is there any other sense?
Sense 2: "consent to, give permission". "allow this common sense to prevail" - we don't typically "give permission" to common sense, common sense isn't a person requesting permission, but an abstract force.
Sense 1: "make it possible... for something to happen". This fits "allow common sense to prevail".

Let's consider Sense 5: "make a possibility or provide opportunity for; permit to be attainable or cause to remain". Synonyms: leave, allow for, provide.
Examples: "This leaves no room for improvement", "The evidence allows only one conclusion". These examples do not take the infinitive "to [verb]" in the same way "to prevail" is used here. Sense 1 specifically uses "permits the water to rush in" and "allow the water come into the basement".

So Sense 1 is the best fit.

Let's double check Sense 1.
"make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen"
"allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions"
Yes, we make it possible through our actions/lack of actions for common sense to prevail.
The context implies people need to step aside or actively support it. "allow" = "let".

Let's verify Sense 2. "consent to, give permission". If I say "I allowed him to go", it's Sense 2. If I say "This allows the water to rush in", it's Sense 1. Here, "we allow this common sense to prevail". We are the ones making it possible through our actions (or lack thereof). Sense 1 is more appropriate for an abstract process happening.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best indexed sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: prevail
Target surface form: prevail
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to <t>prevail</t> over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=prevail%2:42:02:: | definition=be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance | synonyms=predominate, dominate, rule, reign | examples=Money reigns supreme here; Hispanics predominate in this neighborhood
2. sense_key=prevail%2:42:01:: | definition=be valid, applicable, or true | synonyms=hold, obtain | examples=This theory still holds
3. sense_key=prevail%2:42:00:: | definition=continue to exist | synonyms=persist, die hard, run, endure | examples=These stories die hard; The legend of Elvis endures
4. sense_key=prevail%2:33:00:: | definition=prove superior | synonyms=triumph | examples=The champion prevailed, though it was a hard fight
5. sense_key=prevail%2:32:02:: | definition=use persuasion successfully | examples=He prevailed upon her to visit his parents

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "prevail" in context: "allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."

Here, "prevail over" means to triumph or prove superior over something else. The context is about common sense winning against illusions. The phrase "prevail over" strongly suggests sense 4: "prove superior" with synonym "triumph."

Let me check the senses:
1. predominate/dominate - be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance
2. hold/obtain - be valid, applicable, or true
3. persist/die hard/endure - continue to exist
4. triumph - prove superior
5. persuade successfully

"prevail over the illusions" = common sense proves superior to/triumphs over the illusions. This is clearly sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: illusion
Target surface form: illusions
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the <t>illusions</t> that we also share. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=illusion%1:09:01:: | definition=an erroneous mental representation | synonyms=semblance
2. sense_key=illusion%1:09:00:: | definition=something many people believe that is false | synonyms=fantasy, phantasy, fancy | examples=they have the illusion that I am very wealthy
3. sense_key=illusion%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of deluding; deception by creating illusory ideas | synonyms=delusion, head game
4. sense_key=illusion%1:04:02:: | definition=an illusory feat; considered magical by naive observers | synonyms=magic trick, conjuring trick, trick, magic, legerdemain, conjuration

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses "illusions that we also share" in relation to education, romantic notions about creativity, and how common sense should prevail over these illusions. The illusions refer to beliefs many people hold that are false - specifically the romantic ideas about creativity in education that many parents and people share.

Sense 2: "something many people believe that is false" with examples "they have the illusion that I am very wealthy" and synonyms fantasy, phantasy, fancy.

This fits well - the illusions are shared beliefs that are false (about creativity in education).

provider: Venice


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: share
Target surface form: share
Context:
The result is a generation of young people whose ignorance and intellectual incompetence is matched only by their good opinion of themselves. The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also <t>share</t>. The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=share%2:42:00:: | definition=have in common | examples=Our children share a love of music; The two countries share a long border
2. sense_key=share%2:40:02:: | definition=use jointly or in common
3. sense_key=share%2:40:01:: | definition=have, give, or receive a share of | synonyms=partake, partake in | examples=We shared the cake
4. sense_key=share%2:40:00:: | definition=give out as one's portion or share | synonyms=divvy up, portion out, apportion, deal
5. sense_key=share%2:32:00:: | definition=communicate | examples=I'd like to share this idea with you

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "share" in the context: "...the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share."

Let me analyze the context:
- The author is discussing how American education is affected by romantic notions of "creativity" that are actually illusions.
- "the illusions that we also share" means the illusions that all of us hold in common / collectively believe in.
- The "we -- all of us" emphasizes that these illusions are held collectively by the general public, including the parents who find the romantic extravagance attractive.

Now let me look at the candidate senses:

1. share%2:42:00:: - "have in common" - examples: "Our children share a love of music; The two countries share a long border" - This means to jointly possess or have something in common.

2. share%2:40:02:: - "use jointly or in common" - This is more about using something together, like sharing a resource.

3. share%2:40:01:: - "have, give, or receive a share of" - synonyms: partake, partake in - example: "We shared the cake" - This is about dividing and distributing something.

4. share%2:40:00:: - "give out as one's portion or share" - synonyms: divvy up, portion out, apportion, deal - This is about distributing/allocating.

5. share%2:32:00:: - "communicate" - example: "I'd like to share this idea with you" - This is about communicating/telling something to someone.

In the context "the illusions that we also share," the meaning is that we all hold these illusions in common. We collectively have/believe these illusions. This is closest to sense 1 "have in common" - the illusions are something that we all hold/believe in common.

Sense 5 "communicate" doesn't fit because we're not communicating illusions to each other.
Sense 3 "partake in" doesn't fit because we're not receiving a portion of illusions.
Sense 2 "use jointly" doesn't fit because we're not using illusions together.
Sense 4 "divvy up" doesn't fit because we're not distributing illusions.

Sense 1 "have in common" fits best - the illusions are something we have in common, we all hold them.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: education
Target surface form: education
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The <t>education</t> establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=education%1:04:00:: | definition=the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill | synonyms=instruction, teaching, pedagogy, didactics, educational activity | examples=he received no formal education; our instruction was carefully programmed
2. sense_key=education%1:09:00:: | definition=knowledge acquired by learning and instruction | examples=it was clear that he had a very broad education
3. sense_key=education%1:09:01:: | definition=the gradual process of acquiring knowledge | examples=education is a preparation for life; a girl's education was less important than a boy's
4. sense_key=education%1:04:01:: | definition=the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)
5. sense_key=education%1:07:01:: | definition=the result of good upbringing (especially knowledge of correct social behavior) | synonyms=training, breeding | examples=a woman of breeding and refinement
6. sense_key=education%1:14:00:: | definition=the United States federal department that administers all federal programs dealing with education (including federal aid to educational institutions and students); created 1979 | synonyms=Department of Education, Education Department

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
Looking at the context, "The education establishment" refers to the institutional system and professional apparatus of education — the schools, administrators, teachers, and organizations that constitute the education profession. This is a collective reference to the profession of teaching, especially as an institutional force that can "fight against common sense."

Sense 4 — "the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)" — best captures this institutional, professional reference.

```json
{"sense_index": 4}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "education" in the phrase "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way."

Let me analyze the context:
- The passage discusses the education system/establishment in America
- "The education establishment" refers to the institutional system, the profession, the people and organizations involved in education
- Sense 4: "the profession of teaching (especially at a school or college or university)" - this fits "education establishment" which refers to the institutional/professional apparatus of education
- Sense 1: "the activities of educating or instructing" - this is more about the activities themselves
- Sense 3: "the gradual process of acquiring knowledge" - this is about the process

"The education establishment" refers to the institutional system, the people who work in education as a profession. This aligns best with sense 4 - the profession of teaching.

Let me also consider sense 1. "Education establishment" could refer to the establishment concerned with education activities. But "establishment" combined with "education" suggests the institutional/professional body.

Actually, looking more carefully, "the education establishment" is a common phrase referring to the institutional system of education - the schools, administrators, education departments, teachers as a collective body. This is closest to sense 4 - the profession of teaching.

But wait, could it be sense 1? "The education establishment" = the establishment of education activities? That doesn't sound quite right.

Sense 4 seems most appropriate here because "the education establishment" refers to the collective body of professional educators and institutions.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: establishment
Target surface form: establishment
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education <t>establishment</t> will fight against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=establishment%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of forming or establishing something | synonyms=constitution, formation, organization, organisation | examples=the constitution of a PTA group last year; it was the establishment of his reputation
2. sense_key=establishment%1:14:00:: | definition=an organization founded and united for a specific purpose | synonyms=institution
3. sense_key=establishment%1:14:02:: | definition=the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something | synonyms=administration, governance, governing body, brass, organization, organisation | examples=he claims that the present administration is corrupt; the governance of an association is responsible to its members
4. sense_key=establishment%1:06:00:: | definition=a public or private structure (business or governmental or educational) including buildings and equipment for business or residence
5. sense_key=establishment%1:14:01:: | definition=any large organization
6. sense_key=establishment%1:22:00:: | definition=(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat | synonyms=ecesis
7. sense_key=establishment%1:09:00:: | definition=the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof | synonyms=validation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "establishment" in the context refers to "The education establishment" - meaning the people and institutions that make up the educational system/administration. This is referring to the body of people who administer education.

Sense 3: "the persons (or committees or departments etc.) who make up a body for the purpose of administering something" with synonyms like administration, governance, governing body - this fits well with "the education establishment" meaning the people/institutions running education.

Sense 5: "any large organization" - this is more generic.

Sense 2: "an organization founded and united for a specific purpose" - also possible but more about a single organization.

"The education establishment" is a common phrase referring to the people and institutions that control education policy - this aligns best with sense 3, which refers to the persons or committees who make up a body for administering something.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: fight
Target surface form: fight
Context:
The whole notion of "creativity "in education was (and is) part and parcel of a romantic rebellion against disciplined instruction, which was (and is) regarded as "authoritarian, "a repression and frustration of the latent talents and the wonderful, if as yet undefined, potentialities inherent in the souls of all our children. It is not surprising that parents find this romantic extravagance so attractive. Fortunately, these same parents do want their children to get a decent education as traditionally understood, and they have enough common sense to know what that demands. Their commitment to "creativity "can not survive adolescent illiteracy. American education's future will be determined by the degree to which we -- all of us -- allow this common sense to prevail over the illusions that we also share. The education establishment will <t>fight</t> against common sense every inch of the way. The reasons are complex, but one simple reason ought not to be underestimated.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=fight%2:33:00:: | definition=be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight | synonyms=contend, struggle | examples=the tribesmen fought each other; Siblings are always fighting
2. sense_key=fight%2:33:01:: | definition=fight against or resist strongly | synonyms=oppose, fight back, fight down, defend | examples=The senator said he would oppose the bill; Don't fight it!
3. sense_key=fight%2:41:00:: | definition=make a strenuous or labored effort | synonyms=struggle | examples=She struggled for years to survive without welfare; He fought for breath
4. sense_key=fight%2:41:10:: | definition=exert oneself continuously, vigorously, or obtrusively to gain an end or engage in a crusade for a certain cause or person; be an advocate for | synonyms=crusade, press, campaign, push, agitate | examples=The liberal party pushed for reforms; She is crusading for women's rights

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
The context says "The education establishment will fight against common sense every inch of the way."

This means they will resist/oppose common sense. "fight against" aligns with sense 2: "fight against or resist strongly" with synonyms like "oppose, fight back, fight down."

The example for sense 2 is "The senator said he would oppose the bill; Don't fight it!" which fits the idea of resisting/opposing something.

Sense 1 is about being engaged in a fight (physical or between parties), like "tribesmen fought each other." Sense 2 is specifically about fighting against or resisting something strongly, which matches "fight against common sense."

So the answer is sense 2.