[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: absorbed
Target surface form: absorbed
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally <t>absorbed</t>, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=absorbed%5:00:00:attentive:00 | definition=giving or marked by complete attention to; ; ; - Walter de la Mare | synonyms=captive, engrossed, enwrapped, intent, wrapped | examples=that engrossed look or rapt delight; then wrapped in dreams
2. sense_key=absorbed%5:00:00:unreflected:00 | definition=retained without reflection | examples=the absorbed light intensity

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes ringers who are "Totally absorbed" - they are giving complete attention to their bell-ringing task. They stare straight ahead, use peripheral vision, and no one speaks. This clearly matches sense 1: "giving or marked by complete attention to" with synonyms like engrossed, intent, wrapped.

Sense 2 is about light being "retained without reflection" which doesn't fit at all.

provider: Ambient


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ringer
Target surface form: ringers
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the <t>ringers</t> stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ringer%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation) | synonyms=toller, bell ringer
2. sense_key=ringer%1:18:01:: | definition=a person who is almost identical to another | synonyms=dead ringer, clone
3. sense_key=ringer%1:18:00:: | definition=a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
4. sense_key=ringer%1:04:00:: | definition=(horseshoes) the successful throw of a horseshoe or quoit so as to encircle a stake or peg

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: The context describes people who ring church bells, practicing at St. Mary Abbot church in London, pulling ropes that connect to bells in the belfry. They memorize patterns of changes ("methods") and perform "peals." This clearly matches sense 1: "a person who rings church bells."

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stare
Target surface form: stare
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers <t>stare</t> straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stare%2:39:00:: | definition=look at with fixed eyes | synonyms=gaze | examples=The students stared at the teacher with amazement
2. sense_key=stare%2:29:00:: | definition=fixate one's eyes | examples=The ancestor in the painting is staring down menacingly

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "stare" in the context: "Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision..."

Let me analyze the two candidate senses:

1. stare%2:39:00:: | definition=look at with fixed eyes | synonyms=gaze | examples=The students stared at the teacher with amazement
2. stare%2:29:00:: | definition=fixate one's eyes | examples=The ancestor in the painting is staring down menacingly

In the context, the ringers "stare straight ahead" - they are looking with fixed eyes straight ahead. The key detail is that they are "totally absorbed" and "stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision to watch the other ropes."

Sense 1 (stare%2:39:00::) is about looking at something with fixed eyes - it's a transitive usage where you stare AT something/someone. The example has "stared at the teacher."

Sense 2 (stare%2:29:00::) is about fixating one's eyes - this seems more about the act of staring itself without necessarily staring AT a specific object. The example "staring down menacingly" shows a directional stare without a specific object.

In the context, "the ringers stare straight ahead" - they are fixating their eyes straight ahead. They're not staring AT a particular thing; they're staring in a direction. This aligns more with sense 2 (fixate one's eyes).

Also, looking at the WordNet hierarchy:
- Sense 1 (stare%2:39:00::) is in the perception domain (2:39) - looking at something
- Sense 2 (stare%2:29:00::) is in the cognition domain (2:29) - fixating eyes

Wait, let me reconsider. The context says "the ringers stare straight ahead" - this is about where they direct their gaze. They're fixating their eyes straight ahead while using peripheral vision. This seems more like sense 2 (fixate one's eyes) because they're not looking AT something specific with fixed eyes - they're maintaining a fixed gaze direction.

Actually, looking more carefully:
- Sense 1: "look at with fixed eyes" - implies looking AT something (transitive)
- Sense 2: "fixate one's eyes" - implies the act of keeping eyes fixed (could be intransitive)

"The ringers stare straight ahead" - this is intransitive; they're not staring at something, they're staring in a direction. This fits better with sense 2.

I'll go with sense 2.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: straight
Target surface form: straight
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare <t>straight</t> ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=straight%4:02:05:: | definition=without deviation | synonyms=directly, direct | examples=the path leads directly to the lake; went direct to the office
2. sense_key=straight%4:02:04:: | definition=in a forthright manner; candidly or frankly | synonyms=directly, flat | examples=he didn't answer directly; told me straight out
3. sense_key=straight%4:02:00:: | definition=in a straight line; in a direct course | examples=the road runs straight

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "straight" used in the phrase "stare straight ahead".
"Stare straight ahead" means to look directly forward, without deviation, in a straight line.
Let's compare the senses:
1. without deviation (directly, direct)
2. in a forthright manner; candidly or frankly (directly, flat) - clearly not this one.
3. in a straight line; in a direct course (straight)

"Stare straight ahead" implies looking in a straight line, directly in front.
Sense 1 is "without deviation", which often applies to going directly somewhere without stopping or deviating.
Sense 3 is "in a straight line; in a direct course", which is about spatial direction. Looking "straight ahead" is looking in a straight line.
Wait, "stare straight ahead" usually falls under the spatial sense (straight line). Sense 3 says "in a straight line; in a direct course". Sense 1 says "without deviation". Let's check the examples: Sense 3: "the road runs straight". Sense 1: "the path leads directly to the lake; went direct to the office". Wait, sense 1 examples use "directly" and "direct", not "straight". The lemma is "straight", but the examples use the synonyms.
Wait, "stare straight ahead" means in a straight line forward.
Is it sense 3? Let's check if there is a more specific sense. "straight ahead" implies looking directly forward.
"straight" as an adverb.
In WordNet:
straight%4:02:00:: : in a straight line; in a direct course -- "the road runs straight"
straight%4:02:05:: : without deviation -- "the path leads directly to the lake", "went direct to the office" (synonyms directly, direct)
Wait, "straight ahead" is usually sense 3: in a straight line.
Let's choose 3 because "straight ahead" means spatially in a straight line.
"stare straight ahead" = stare in a straight line ahead.
Let me double-check WordNet 3.0.
straight (adv)
-- without deviation (directly, direct) -- the path leads directly to the lake / went direct to the office
-- in a straight line; in a direct course (straight) -- the road runs straight
-- in a forthright manner; candidly or frankly (directly, flat) -- he didn't answer directly / told me straight out
Wait, "straight ahead" would likely be in a straight line. Let's look at "straight ahead". It means directly forward. Sense 3 is "in a straight line; in a direct course".
Sense 1: "without deviation". If you look straight ahead, you look without deviation? No, you look in a straight line. I'll go with 3.
Wait, could "straight ahead" be "without deviation"? Usually "directly ahead". Since the synonym is "directly", "look straight ahead" = "look directly ahead". The definition of Sense 1 is "without deviation", synonyms "directly, direct". Sense 3 is "in a straight line; in a direct course".
Let's choose 3, as "straight ahead" is fundamentally a spatial line. But wait! The definition of 1 is "without deviation" and synonyms are directly/direct. Sense 3 is "in a straight line; in a direct course". The synonym is "straight". If the lemma is straight, it makes sense the example uses "straight".
I will output {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: ahead
Target surface form: ahead
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight <t>ahead</t>, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=ahead%4:02:00:: | definition=at or in the front | synonyms=in front, before | examples=I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy
2. sense_key=ahead%4:02:06:: | definition=toward the future; forward in time | synonyms=forward | examples=I like to look ahead in imagination to what the future may bring; I look forward to seeing you
3. sense_key=ahead%4:02:02:: | definition=in a forward direction | synonyms=onward, onwards, forward, forwards, forrader | examples=go ahead; the train moved ahead slowly
4. sense_key=ahead%4:02:01:: | definition=ahead of time; in anticipation | synonyms=in advance, beforehand | examples=when you pay ahead (or in advance) you receive a discount; We like to plan ahead
5. sense_key=ahead%4:02:05:: | definition=to a more advanced or advantageous position | examples=a young man sure to get ahead; pushing talented students ahead
6. sense_key=ahead%4:02:04:: | definition=to a different or a more advanced time (meaning advanced either toward the present or toward the future) | examples=moved the appointment ahead from Tuesday to Monday; pushed the deadline ahead from Tuesday to Wednesday
7. sense_key=ahead%4:02:03:: | definition=leading or ahead in a competition | synonyms=out front, in the lead | examples=the horse was three lengths ahead going into the home stretch; ahead by two pawns

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision..."

Here, "stare straight ahead" means staring in a forward direction. The ringers are looking forward, in the direction they are facing.

Let me examine the candidate senses:

1. "at or in the front" - examples: "I see the lights of a town ahead; the road ahead is foggy" - This is about something being in front, not about direction of looking.
2. "toward the future; forward in time" - examples: "I like to look ahead in imagination" - This is about time/future.
3. "in a forward direction" - examples: "go ahead; the train moved ahead slowly" - This is about direction.

"stare straight ahead" - the ringers are looking in a forward direction. This matches sense 3: "in a forward direction."

But wait, let me reconsider. "stare straight ahead" - they are staring in front of them, in the forward direction.

Sense 1: "at or in the front" - "I see the lights of a town ahead" - here "ahead" refers to a position in front.
Sense 3: "in a forward direction" - "go ahead; the train moved ahead slowly" - here "ahead" refers to direction of movement.

"stare straight ahead" - the staring is directed forward. This seems like it could be sense 3 (in a forward direction) because they are looking in a forward direction.

But actually, "stare ahead" could also mean staring at what's in front (sense 1). Let me think more carefully.

When you "look ahead" or "stare ahead," you're looking in a forward direction. The phrase "straight ahead" specifically means "directly forward" - this is a spatial/directional use.

Sense 3 "in a forward direction" with examples "go ahead; the train moved ahead slowly" seems most appropriate because "stare straight ahead" means to look in a forward direction.

I'll go with sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: use
Target surface form: using
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, <t>using</t> peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=use%2:34:01:: | definition=put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose | synonyms=utilize, utilise, apply, employ | examples=use your head!; we only use Spanish at home
2. sense_key=use%2:34:02:: | definition=take or consume (regularly or habitually) | synonyms=habituate | examples=She uses drugs rarely
3. sense_key=use%2:34:00:: | definition=use up, consume fully | synonyms=expend | examples=The legislature expended its time on school questions
4. sense_key=use%2:41:14:: | definition=seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage | examples=She uses her influential friends to get jobs; The president's wife used her good connections
5. sense_key=use%2:41:04:: | definition=avail oneself to | synonyms=practice, apply | examples=apply a principle; practice a religion
6. sense_key=use%2:41:03:: | definition=habitually do something (use only in the past tense) | examples=She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally; I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."

Here, "using peripheral vision" means they are employing their peripheral vision for a particular purpose (to watch the other ropes). This fits the definition of sense 1: "put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose". The synonyms include utilize, employ, apply.

Let's check the other senses.
Sense 2: take or consume (regularly or habitually) - No.
Sense 3: use up, consume fully - No.
Sense 4: seek or achieve an end by using to one's advantage - No, it's not about using people/connections.
Sense 5: avail oneself to (practice, apply) - No.
Sense 6: habitually do something - No.

So sense 1 is the best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: call
Target surface form: call
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they <t>call</t> it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. sense_key=call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
3. sense_key=call%2:32:01:: | definition=get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone | synonyms=telephone, call up, phone, ring | examples=I tried to call you all night; Take two aspirin and call me in the morning
4. sense_key=call%2:32:09:: | definition=utter a sudden loud cry | synonyms=shout, shout out, cry, yell, scream, holler | examples=she cried with pain when the doctor inserted the needle; I yelled to her from the window but she couldn't hear me
5. sense_key=call%2:32:05:: | definition=order, request, or command to come | synonyms=send for | examples=She was called into the director's office; Call the police!
6. sense_key=call%2:41:00:: | definition=pay a brief visit | synonyms=visit, call in | examples=The mayor likes to call on some of the prominent citizens
7. sense_key=call%2:41:04:: | definition=call a meeting; invite or command to meet | examples=The Wannsee Conference was called to discuss the `Final Solution'; The new dean calls meetings every week
8. sense_key=call%2:32:13:: | definition=read aloud to check for omissions or absentees | examples=Call roll
9. sense_key=call%2:32:04:: | definition=send a message or attempt to reach someone by radio, phone, etc.; make a signal to in order to transmit a message | examples=Hawaii is calling!; A transmitter in Samoa was heard calling
10. sense_key=call%2:32:03:: | definition=utter a characteristic note or cry | examples=bluejays called to one another
11. sense_key=call%2:42:09:: | definition=stop or postpone because of adverse conditions, such as bad weather | examples=call a football game
12. sense_key=call%2:41:14:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=address | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
13. sense_key=call%2:41:12:: | definition=make a stop in a harbour | examples=The ship will call in Honolulu tomorrow
14. sense_key=call%2:40:09:: | definition=demand payment of (a loan) | synonyms=call in | examples=Call a loan
15. sense_key=call%2:40:05:: | definition=make a demand, as for a card or a suit or a show of hands | synonyms=bid | examples=He called his trump
16. sense_key=call%2:38:00:: | definition=give the calls (to the dancers) for a square dance | synonyms=call off
17. sense_key=call%2:32:06:: | definition=indicate a decision in regard to | examples=call balls and strikes behind the plate
18. sense_key=call%2:32:10:: | definition=make a prediction about; tell in advance | synonyms=predict, foretell, prognosticate, forebode, anticipate, promise | examples=Call the outcome of an election
19. sense_key=call%2:32:12:: | definition=require the presentation of for redemption before maturation | examples=Call a bond
20. sense_key=call%2:32:07:: | definition=challenge (somebody) to make good on a statement; charge with or censure for an offense | examples=He deserves to be called on that
21. sense_key=call%2:32:08:: | definition=declare in the capacity of an umpire or referee | examples=call a runner out
22. sense_key=call%2:32:11:: | definition=lure by imitating the characteristic call of an animal | examples=Call ducks
23. sense_key=call%2:32:15:: | definition=order or request or give a command for | examples=The unions called a general strike for Sunday
24. sense_key=call%2:32:14:: | definition=order, summon, or request for a specific duty or activity, work, role | examples=He was already called 4 times for jury duty; They called him to active military duty
25. sense_key=call%2:31:13:: | definition=utter in a loud voice or announce | examples=He called my name; The auctioneer called the bids
26. sense_key=call%2:31:00:: | definition=challenge the sincerity or truthfulness of | examples=call the speaker on a question of fact
27. sense_key=call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful
28. sense_key=call%2:29:05:: | definition=rouse somebody from sleep with a call | examples=I was called at 5 A.M. this morning

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."
Here, "call" means to give a name to something. They refer to "rope-sight" by that name.
Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. call%2:32:02:: | definition=assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to | synonyms=name | examples=They named their son David; The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader
2. call%2:32:00:: | definition=ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality | examples=He called me a bastard; She called her children lazy and ungrateful
27. call%2:31:05:: | definition=consider or regard as being | examples=I would not call her beautiful

"they call it 'rope-sight'" -> "it" is the name "rope-sight".
Wait, is "rope-sight" a proper name or a common noun? It's a specific term used in bell ringing. "Assign a specified proper name to" (Sense 1) fits "they call it 'rope-sight'". "give a name of a common noun" (Sense 2) might also fit if rope-sight is a common noun, but usually specific terms are treated like proper names in WordNet (e.g., "They call it X").
Let's check Sense 1 examples: "They named their son David". This matches "they call it 'rope-sight'".
Wait, what about "call it 'rope-sight'"?
Sense 1: assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to
Sense 2: ascribe a quality to or give a name of a common noun that reflects a quality
Sense 27: consider or regard as being

Since "rope-sight" is a specific name for this visual skill, sense 1 makes the most sense. "They call it 'rope-sight'" = "They name it 'rope-sight'".
Let's confirm. "they call it rope-sight" is exactly "assign a specified name to".
I will output {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: watch
Target surface form: watch
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to <t>watch</t> the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=watch%2:39:00:: | definition=look attentively | examples=watch a basketball game
2. sense_key=watch%2:41:00:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
3. sense_key=watch%2:39:05:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=view, see, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
4. sense_key=watch%2:39:02:: | definition=observe with attention | synonyms=look on | examples=They watched as the murderer was executed
5. sense_key=watch%2:39:01:: | definition=be vigilant, be on the lookout or be careful | synonyms=look out, watch out | examples=Watch out for pickpockets!
6. sense_key=watch%2:39:03:: | definition=observe or determine by looking | examples=Watch how the dog chases the cats away
7. sense_key=watch%2:32:09:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, see, ascertain, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "watch" in the context: "using peripheral vision (they call it 'rope-sight') to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. watch%2:39:00:: | definition=look attentively | examples=watch a basketball game
2. watch%2:41:00:: | definition=follow with the eyes or the mind | synonyms=observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on | examples=Keep an eye on the baby, please!; The world is watching Sarajevo
3. watch%2:39:05:: | definition=see or watch | synonyms=view, see, catch, take in | examples=view a show on television; This program will be seen all over the world
4. watch%2:39:02:: | definition=observe with attention | synonyms=look on | examples=They watched as the murderer was executed
5. watch%2:39:01:: | definition=be vigilant, be on the lookout or be careful | synonyms=look out, watch out | examples=Watch out for pickpockets!
6. watch%2:39:03:: | definition=observe or determine by looking | examples=Watch how the dog chases the cats away
7. watch%2:32:09:: | definition=find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort | synonyms=determine, check, find out, see, ascertain, learn | examples=I want to see whether she speaks French; See whether it works

The context is about bell ringers who use peripheral vision to "watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."
This implies they are observing the other ropes to figure out when to pull their own rope. It is a purposeful observation, "to watch... and thus time their pulls".
Let's evaluate the options.
Sense 1: "look attentively" - watch a basketball game.
Sense 2: "follow with the eyes or the mind" - Keep an eye on the baby. They are following the ropes.
Sense 6: "observe or determine by looking" - Watch how the dog chases the cats away. This fits "watch... and thus time their pulls" because they are determining the timing by looking.

Wait, Sense 2: "follow with the eyes or the mind" - keep an eye on.
Sense 6: "observe or determine by looking".

Let's look at the exact phrasing: "to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."
They are observing the ropes to determine the timing. Sense 6 is "observe or determine by looking". Example: "Watch how the dog chases the cats away". In that example, watch means to look and see how it happens.
In Sense 2, "follow with the eyes", synonyms "keep an eye on". "Keep an eye on the baby, please!"

Wait, "watch the other ropes" is a physical act of looking at the ropes. It's not keeping an eye on them like guarding them. They are observing them.
Is it Sense 1: look attentively? "watch a basketball game" - looking attentively.
Let's check WordNet for "watch".
Verb Senses:
2:39:00:: look attentively
2:39:01:: be vigilant, be on the lookout or be careful
2:39:02:: observe with attention
2:39:03:: observe or determine by looking
2:39:04::
2:41:00:: follow with the eyes or the mind
2:39:05:: see or watch

Let's consider "observe or determine by looking". "Watch how the dog chases the cats away" -> watch implies observing the process. "watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls" -> observe the other ropes to time their pulls. The "thus time their pulls" is the purpose of the watching. This aligns with "determine by looking" (Sense 6).
Wait, Sense 6 example: "Watch how the dog chases the cats away". Here "how" is the object. In "watch the other ropes", the ropes are the object.
Sense 1 example: "watch a basketball game". Watch the other ropes.

Another perspective: "follow with the eyes or the mind" (Sense 2) - "observe, follow, watch over, keep an eye on". They are watching the ropes, following their movement. But "keep an eye on" usually means to monitor.
"look attentively" (Sense 1) - "watch a basketball game".
"observe with attention" (Sense 4) - "They watched as the murderer was executed".

In the text: "using peripheral vision (they call it 'rope-sight') to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."
They are looking attentively at the other ropes to see when to pull. Sense 1 "look attentively" fits perfectly for "watch the other ropes". Sense 6 "observe or determine by looking" has an example "Watch how the dog chases..." which is slightly different because it involves determining a process. Sense 2 "follow with the eyes" also works. But "keep an eye on" is the synonym for Sense 2, which might mean "monitor". They are looking at the ropes attentively.

Let's check the exact definitions and examples from WordNet 3.0:
watch%2:39:00:: look attentively; "watch a basketball game"
watch%2:39:01:: be vigilant, be on the lookout or be careful; "Watch out for pickpockets!"
watch%2:39:02:: observe with attention; "They watched as the murderer was executed"
watch%2:39:03:: observe or determine by looking; "Watch how the dog chases the cats away"
watch%2:39:05:: see or watch; "view a show on television"; "This program will be seen all over the world"
watch%2:41:00:: follow with the eyes or the mind; "Keep an eye on the baby, please!"; "The world is watching Sarajevo"

"watch the other ropes" -> They are looking attentively at the ropes. "look attentively" (Sense 1).
Why not Sense 6? "observe or determine by looking". "Watch how..." - the object is a clause. Here the object is "the other ropes".
Why not Sense 2? "follow with the eyes". Keep an eye on. They are monitoring the ropes. But the ringers are just looking at the ropes attentively.
Sense 1 is a very common sense: "look attentively". It fits "watch the other ropes".

Is there a better fit?
"observe with attention" (Sense 4) - "They watched as the murderer was executed" -> observe an event.
Sense 1 "look attentively" - "watch a basketball game" -> watch an object or event.
I will bet on Sense 1. "watch the other ropes" means "look attentively at the other ropes".

Let's rethink Sense 6. "observe or determine by looking" - "Watch how the dog chases the cats away". In the context, "using peripheral vision ... to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls". Does "watch" here mean "determine by looking"? "watch the other ropes" - the object is "the other ropes", not "how the other ropes move". The watching is to time their pulls, but the verb itself takes "the other ropes" as the direct object. So it means to look attentively at the ropes.

Let's check Sense 2. "follow with the eyes or the mind". They are following the ropes with their eyes. "Keep an eye on the baby" means to monitor. They are monitoring the ropes.
In WordNet, Sense 2 (watch%2:41:00::) is under the verb.cognition or verb.perception?
WordNet:
Verb perception:
watch%2:39:00:: look attentively
watch%2:39:02:: observe with attention
watch%2:39:03:: observe or determine by looking
watch%2:39:05:: see or watch

Verb cognition:
watch%2:41:00:: follow with the eyes or the mind
watch%2:32:09:: find out, learn, or determine with certainty

"keep an eye on" usually means to monitor, watch over, which belongs to cognition.
"watch the other ropes" is physical perception (using peripheral vision).
So Sense 1 or 4.
Sense 1: look attentively
Sense 4: observe with attention

What's the difference between Sense 1 and 4?
Sense 1 example: watch a basketball game
Sense 4 example: They watched as the murderer was executed
Sense 4 is "observe with attention".
"watch the other ropes" -> look attentively at the other ropes. Sense 1 seems better suited for taking a noun phrase like "a basketball game" or "the other ropes".

Let me check WordNet online for Sense 6 (observe or determine by looking). "Watch how the dog chases the cats away".
Does "watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls" mean "determine the timing by looking at the ropes"?
If it does, Sense 6 might be intended.
Let's consider "observe or determine by looking".
"Watch how the dog chases the cats away" -> watch (how the dog chases...) -> the object is an embedded question, meaning "determine by looking".
In the text: "watch the other ropes". It's a simple direct object.
I will select Sense 1.

Let's double check Sense 2. "follow with the eyes or the mind". To watch the ropes could be to follow them with the eyes. But the examples "Keep an eye on the baby", "The world is watching Sarajevo" imply a broader monitoring, not just visually following.
I am confident in Sense 1.

Let's consider if Sense 1 or Sense 4 is better. "look attentively" vs "observe with attention". "look attentively" has "watch a basketball game". "watch the other ropes" aligns with this.

Let's review Sense 6 again. "observe or determine by looking" -> "Watch how the dog chases the cats away". If the prompt uses "determine by looking", could "watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls" mean "determine by looking"? "to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls" -> "to observe the other ropes and thus time their pulls". This sounds exactly like "observe or determine by looking", but the direct object is "the other ropes", not a clause.
Sense 1 is "look attentively".
I'll go with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the <t>other</t> ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "other" in the context: "...using peripheral vision (they call it 'rope-sight') to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."

Here, "other" means "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - the ringers are watching the ropes other than their own. This matches sense 1.

Let me check the other senses:
- Sense 2: "recently past" - doesn't fit
- Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" - doesn't fit
- Sense 4: "very unusual" - doesn't fit

Sense 1 is clearly the best fit: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: rope
Target surface form: ropes
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other <t>ropes</t> and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=rope%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong line
2. sense_key=rope%1:06:01:: | definition=street names for flunitrazepan | synonyms=R-2, Mexican valium, rophy, roofy, roach, forget me drug

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context describes bell ringers pulling ropes in a church tower, watching the ropes, and the physical ropes that connect to the bells. This is clearly about the physical object - a strong line. Sense 1 is "a strong line" which fits perfectly. Sense 2 is about street drugs, which is completely irrelevant.

provider: Inceptron


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: thus
Target surface form: thus
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and <t>thus</t> time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=thus%4:02:00:: | definition=(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result | synonyms=therefore, hence, thence, so | examples=therefore X must be true; the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory
2. sense_key=thus%4:02:01:: | definition=in the way indicated; ; ; (`thusly' is a nonstandard variant) | synonyms=thusly, so | examples=hold the brush so; set up the pieces thus

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "thus" in the context: "Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it 'rope-sight') to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."

Let's analyze the two senses:
Sense 1: (used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result. Synonyms: therefore, hence, thence, so. Examples: "therefore X must be true", "the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory".
Sense 2: in the way indicated. Synonyms: thusly, so. Examples: "hold the brush so", "set up the pieces thus".

In the sentence, the ringers use peripheral vision to watch the other ropes "and thus time their pulls."
Does "thus" mean "therefore" (as a result, introducing a logical conclusion)?
"watch the other ropes and therefore time their pulls" - meaning that watching the other ropes results in them timing their pulls.
Or does it mean "in the way indicated" - "watch the other ropes and in this way time their pulls"?

Let's look at the sentence: "...using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."
"Thus" here means "in this way" or "by doing so" - they use peripheral vision to watch the ropes, and in this way, they time their pulls.
Wait, does it mean "therefore"? "using peripheral vision to watch the other ropes and therefore time their pulls."
Actually, "thus" often means "in this way" or "by this means".
Synonyms for sense 2: thusly, so. Example: "hold the brush so" (meaning hold the brush in this way).
Synonyms for sense 1: therefore, hence. Example: "therefore X must be true".

Let's re-read carefully. "using peripheral vision... to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."
The watching of the ropes is the means by which they time their pulls.
"Thus" = "in this way" or "by this means".
Let's check if WordNet 2.1 or 3.0 distinguishes "thus" as "therefore" vs "in this way".
"thus" - adv
1: (used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result; "therefore X must be true"; "the eggs were fresh and hence satisfactory"; "the message was addressed directly and hence went unnoticed" [syn: therefore, hence, thus]
Wait, in WordNet, the senses might be:
1. therefore, hence, thus
2. thus, thusly, so
Let's check the definition: "in the way indicated; `thusly' is a nonstandard variant".
Yes, "thus" in "to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls" means "in this way" or "by doing so", which perfectly aligns with sense 2. They watch the ropes and, *in this way*, they time their pulls.
If it were sense 1, it would mean "watch the other ropes and therefore time their pulls", which is logically a bit awkward as a conclusion. It's more of a means or manner.

Let's verify.
"using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."
"thus" = "in this way".
It fits sense 2: "in the way indicated".
Example for sense 2: "set up the pieces thus" (in this way).
Sentence context: "...to watch the other ropes and in this way time their pulls." -> This makes perfect sense.

Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.

provider: Parasail


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus <t>time</t> their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%2:30:00:: | definition=measure the time or duration of an event or action or the person who performs an action in a certain period of time | synonyms=clock | examples=he clocked the runners
2. sense_key=time%2:31:00:: | definition=assign a time for an activity or event | examples=The candidate carefully timed his appearance at the disaster scene
3. sense_key=time%2:31:01:: | definition=set the speed, duration, or execution of | examples=we time the process to manufacture our cars very precisely
4. sense_key=time%2:30:01:: | definition=regulate or set the time of | examples=time the clock
5. sense_key=time%2:30:06:: | definition=adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time | examples=The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "time" used as a verb in the context: "thus time their pulls".
The ringers are watching the other ropes to adjust the timing of their own pulls so that they pull at the correct moment relative to the others.
Sense 5: "adjust so that a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time | examples=The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely"
This fits perfectly. The ringers apply force (pull the ropes) at the desired time by using peripheral vision.
Sense 1: measure the time/duration. Not fitting.
Sense 2: assign a time for an activity. Not fitting.
Sense 3: set the speed, duration, or execution of. Could be close, but sense 5 is more precise about "a force is applied and an action occurs at the desired time", which aligns perfectly with pulling ropes (applying force).
Sense 4: regulate or set the time of. Not fitting.

Let's look at sense 5's example: "The good player times his swing so as to hit the ball squarely".
Context: "watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls."
"pulls" are actions applying force.
Sense 5 is the best fit.

provider: Morph


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: pull
Target surface form: pulls
Context:
Ringers memorize patterns of changes, known as "methods, "which have odd-sounding names like Kent Treble Bob Major or Grandsire Caters. A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their <t>pulls</t>. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=pull%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you | synonyms=pulling | examples=the pull up the hill had him breathing harder; his strenuous pulling strained his back
2. sense_key=pull%1:19:00:: | definition=the force used in pulling | examples=the pull of the moon; the pull of the current
3. sense_key=pull%1:07:00:: | definition=special advantage or influence | synonyms=clout | examples=the chairman's nephew has a lot of pull
4. sense_key=pull%1:06:01:: | definition=a device used for pulling something | examples=he grabbed the pull and opened the drawer
5. sense_key=pull%1:26:00:: | definition=a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments | synonyms=wrench, twist | examples=the wrench to his knee occurred as he fell; he was sidelined with a hamstring pull
6. sense_key=pull%1:04:01:: | definition=a slow inhalation (as of tobacco smoke) | synonyms=puff, drag | examples=he took a puff on his pipe; he took a drag on his cigarette and expelled the smoke slowly
7. sense_key=pull%1:04:02:: | definition=a sustained effort | examples=it was a long pull but we made it

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context describes bell ringers pulling ropes, and "their pulls" refers to the act of pulling the ropes. This matches sense 1: "the act of pulling; applying force to move something toward or with you."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: far
Target surface form: Far
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. <t>Far</t> above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=far%4:02:02:: | definition=to a considerable degree; very much | examples=a far far better thing that I do; felt far worse than yesterday
2. sense_key=far%4:02:00:: | definition=at or to or from a great distance in space | examples=he traveled far; strayed far from home
3. sense_key=far%4:02:04:: | definition=at or to a certain point or degree | examples=I can only go so far before I have to give up; how far can we get with this kind of argument?
4. sense_key=far%4:02:01:: | definition=remote in time | examples=if we could see far into the future; all that happened far in the past
5. sense_key=far%4:02:05:: | definition=to an advanced stage or point | examples=a young man who will go very far

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells..." This describes a physical distance in space - the bells are located a great distance above the ringers.

Sense 2: "at or to or from a great distance in space" fits this context.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: above
Target surface form: above
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far <t>above</t> in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=above%4:02:00:: | definition=at an earlier place | synonyms=supra | examples=see above
2. sense_key=above%4:02:01:: | definition=in or to a place that is higher | synonyms=higher up, in a higher place, to a higher place

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "above" in the context: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells..."

This clearly refers to a physical location that is higher than where the ringers are standing (in the ringing chamber). The bells are in the belfry, which is high up in the church tower, above the ringing chamber.

Sense 1: "at an earlier place" (e.g., "see above" in text) - this is for textual references
Sense 2: "in or to a place that is higher" - this fits perfectly

The answer is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bronze
Target surface form: bronze
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge <t>bronze</t> bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bronze%5:00:00:chromatic:00 | definition=of the color of bronze | synonyms=bronzy
2. sense_key=bronze%5:00:00:metallic:00 | definition=made from or consisting of bronze

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "bronze" used as an adjective here modifying "bells": "the huge bronze bells".

Context: "Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly..."

The bells are made of bronze (a metal). So the sense should be "made from or consisting of bronze" (sense 2), not "of the color of bronze" (sense 1).

The phrase "bronze bells" refers to bells made of bronze metal, which is the traditional material for church bells.

So sense 2 is correct.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bell
Target surface form: bells
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze <t>bells</t>, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bell%1:06:00:: | definition=a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck
2. sense_key=bell%1:06:02:: | definition=a push button at an outer door that gives a ringing or buzzing signal when pushed | synonyms=doorbell, buzzer
3. sense_key=bell%1:11:00:: | definition=the sound of a bell being struck | synonyms=toll | examples=saved by the bell; she heard the distant toll of church bells
4. sense_key=bell%1:28:00:: | definition=(nautical) each of the eight half-hour units of nautical time signaled by strokes of a ship's bell; eight bells signals 4:00, 8:00, or 12:00 o'clock, either a.m. or p.m. | synonyms=ship's bell
5. sense_key=bell%1:25:00:: | definition=the shape of a bell | synonyms=bell shape, campana
6. sense_key=bell%1:18:02:: | definition=a phonetician and father of Alexander Graham Bell (1819-1905) | synonyms=Melville Bell, Alexander Melville Bell
7. sense_key=bell%1:18:01:: | definition=English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961) | synonyms=Vanessa Bell, Vanessa Stephen
8. sense_key=bell%1:18:00:: | definition=United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | synonyms=Alexander Bell, Alexander Graham Bell
9. sense_key=bell%1:06:04:: | definition=a percussion instrument consisting of a set of tuned bells that are struck with a hammer; used as an orchestral instrument | synonyms=chime, gong
10. sense_key=bell%1:06:03:: | definition=the flared opening of a tubular device

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes church bells being rung - "huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees" in a belfry. These are large metal devices that make ringing sounds when struck/swung. This matches sense 1: "a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck."

Sense 9 is about orchestral percussion instruments (chimes, gongs), which doesn't fit here - these are church bells.
Sense 3 is about the sound of a bell, not the bell itself.

The best answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: mount
Target surface form: mounted
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, <t>mounted</t> on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=mount%2:35:00:: | definition=attach to a support | examples=They mounted the aerator on a floating
2. sense_key=mount%2:30:00:: | definition=go up or advance | synonyms=wax, climb, rise | examples=Sales were climbing after prices were lowered
3. sense_key=mount%2:30:01:: | definition=fix onto a backing, setting, or support | examples=mount slides for macroscopic analysis
4. sense_key=mount%2:36:00:: | definition=put up or launch | examples=mount a campaign against pornography
5. sense_key=mount%2:38:01:: | definition=get up on the back of | synonyms=hop on, mount up, get on, jump on, climb on, bestride | examples=mount a horse
6. sense_key=mount%2:38:00:: | definition=go upward with gradual or continuous progress | synonyms=climb, climb up, go up | examples=Did you ever climb up the hill behind your house?
7. sense_key=mount%2:36:01:: | definition=prepare and supply with the necessary equipment for execution or performance | synonyms=put on | examples=mount a theater production; mount an attack
8. sense_key=mount%2:35:07:: | definition=copulate with | synonyms=ride | examples=The bull was riding the cow

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "mounted" in the context: "the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees".

This means the bells are attached to a support (wheels). The sense that fits best is "attach to a support" (sense 1) or "fix onto a backing, setting, or support" (sense 3).

Sense 1: attach to a support | examples=They mounted the aerator on a floating
Sense 3: fix onto a backing, setting, or support | examples=mount slides for macroscopic analysis

The context says "mounted on wheels" - the bells are attached/fixed onto wheels as a support.

Sense 1 and sense 3 are very similar. Sense 1 is "attach to a support" and sense 3 is "fix onto a backing, setting, or support".

Looking at the examples:
- Sense 1: "They mounted the aerator on a floating" (likely "floating dock" or similar)
- Sense 3: "mount slides for macroscopic analysis" (mounting specimens on slides)

The bells are mounted on wheels - this is attaching them to a support structure. Sense 1 seems more general about attaching to a support, while sense 3 seems more about preparing specimens or fixing onto a backing for display/analysis purposes.

For bells mounted on wheels in a belfry, sense 1 "attach to a support" seems more appropriate. The wheels are the support that the bells are attached to.

Let me reconsider. Sense 3 says "fix onto a backing, setting, or support" which also works. But the example for sense 3 is about mounting slides for microscopic analysis, which is a more specialized usage.

I think sense 1 is the best fit here - "attach to a support" - the bells are attached to wheels (the support).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: wheel
Target surface form: wheels
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on <t>wheels</t>, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=wheel%1:06:00:: | definition=a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)
2. sense_key=wheel%1:06:05:: | definition=a handwheel that is used for steering | synonyms=steering wheel
3. sense_key=wheel%1:07:00:: | definition=forces that provide energy and direction | examples=the wheels of government began to turn
4. sense_key=wheel%1:06:01:: | definition=a circular helm to control the rudder of a vessel
5. sense_key=wheel%1:06:03:: | definition=game equipment consisting of a wheel with slots that is used for gambling; the wheel rotates horizontally and players bet on which slot the roulette ball will stop in | synonyms=roulette wheel
6. sense_key=wheel%1:06:02:: | definition=an instrument of torture that stretches or disjoints or mutilates victims | synonyms=rack
7. sense_key=wheel%1:06:06:: | definition=a wheeled vehicle that has two wheels and is moved by foot pedals | synonyms=bicycle, bike, cycle

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context describes bells mounted on wheels in a belfry, swinging through 360 degrees. These wheels are part of the bell-ringing mechanism - large wheels that the bells are mounted on, which rotate. This is a mechanical wheel - a circular frame that can rotate on a shaft or axle.

Sense 1 (wheel%1:06:00::) is the general "simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle" - this fits the bell-ringing wheels, which are large wheels that the bells are mounted on and rotate.

The other senses (steering wheel, forces, ship's helm, roulette wheel, torture rack, bicycle) don't fit.

Sense 1 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: swing
Target surface form: swing
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, <t>swing</t> madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=swing%2:38:02:: | definition=move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting | examples=He swung his left fist; swing a bat
2. sense_key=swing%2:38:00:: | definition=move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner | synonyms=sway | examples=He swung back
3. sense_key=swing%2:38:03:: | definition=change direction with a swinging motion; turn | examples=swing back; swing forward
4. sense_key=swing%2:41:01:: | definition=influence decisively | synonyms=swing over | examples=This action swung many votes over to his side
5. sense_key=swing%2:35:00:: | definition=make a big sweeping gesture or movement | synonyms=sweep, swing out
6. sense_key=swing%2:42:00:: | definition=hang freely | synonyms=dangle, drop | examples=the ornaments dangled from the tree; The light dropped from the ceiling
7. sense_key=swing%2:33:00:: | definition=hit or aim at with a sweeping arm movement | examples=The soccer player began to swing at the referee
8. sense_key=swing%2:30:08:: | definition=alternate dramatically between high and low values | examples=his mood swings; the market is swinging up and down
9. sense_key=swing%2:42:01:: | definition=live in a lively, modern, and relaxed style | examples=The Woodstock generation attempted to swing freely
10. sense_key=swing%2:42:10:: | definition=have a certain musical rhythm | examples=The music has to swing
11. sense_key=swing%2:41:00:: | definition=be a social swinger; socialize a lot | synonyms=get around
12. sense_key=swing%2:36:03:: | definition=play with a subtle and intuitively felt sense of rhythm
13. sense_key=swing%2:35:08:: | definition=engage freely in promiscuous sex, often with the husband or wife of one's friends | examples=There were many swinging couples in the 1960's

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about church bells mounted on wheels that "swing madly through a full 360 degrees." The bells are moving in a sweeping, circular motion.

Looking at the senses:
1. move in a curve or arc, usually with intent of hitting - no, not hitting
2. move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner - could be, but "walk" doesn't fit bells
3. change direction with a swinging motion; turn - the bells swing through 360 degrees, turning
4. influence decisively - no
5. make a big sweeping gesture or movement - possible, sweeping movement
6. hang freely - no, they're mounted on wheels
7. hit or aim at - no
8. alternate dramatically - no
9. live in lively style - no
10. musical rhythm - no
11. social swinger - no
12. play with rhythm - no
13. promiscuous sex - no

The bells are swinging through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending in inverted position. This is about the physical swinging/turning motion of the bells.

Sense 3 "change direction with a swinging motion; turn" with examples "swing back; swing forward" seems to fit the bells turning/swinging through 360 degrees. The bells are mounted on wheels and swing/turn through a full circle.

Sense 5 "make a big sweeping gesture or movement" with synonyms "sweep, swing out" could also fit - the bells make a big sweeping movement through 360 degrees.

Sense 2 "move or walk in a swinging or swaying manner" with synonym "sway" - the bells are swaying/swinging, but the definition mentions "walk" which doesn't fit.

I think sense 3 is the best fit. The bells change direction with a swinging motion, turning through 360 degrees. The examples "swing back; swing forward" align with the pendulum-like swinging of bells.

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 3 says "change direction with a swinging motion; turn." The bells are indeed turning/swinging through a full 360 degrees. The motion is a rotational swing.

Sense 5 "make a big sweeping gesture or movement" - this could also work since the bells make a big sweeping movement through 360 degrees.

But looking more carefully, the bells are physically swinging back and forth (through 360 degrees each way). The sense that best captures this rotational swinging is sense 3 - "change direction with a swinging motion; turn."

The bells start mouth-up, swing through 360 degrees, and end mouth-up. This is a full turn/swing. Sense 3 captures this turning motion with a swinging motion.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: madly
Target surface form: madly
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing <t>madly</t> through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=madly%4:02:02:: | definition=in an uncontrolled manner | synonyms=frantically | examples=she fought back madly
2. sense_key=madly%4:02:01:: | definition=in an insane manner | synonyms=insanely, crazily, dementedly | examples=she behaved insanely; he behaves crazily when he is off his medication
3. sense_key=madly%4:02:00:: | definition=(used as intensives) extremely | synonyms=insanely, deadly, deucedly, devilishly | examples=she was madly in love; deadly dull

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "madly" in the context: "the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees".

Let's analyze the senses:
1. in an uncontrolled manner (synonyms: frantically) - examples: she fought back madly
2. in an insane manner (synonyms: insanely, crazily) - examples: she behaved insanely
3. (used as intensives) extremely (synonyms: insanely, deadly) - examples: she was madly in love

The bells "swing madly". This describes the physical movement of the bells swinging through 360 degrees. They are swinging wildly, or uncontrolledly in appearance, although the ringers are actually controlling them ("Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing"). "Madly" here means frantically or in an uncontrolled manner, describing the vigorous, wild swinging motion of the heavy bells.
Sense 1 fits best: "in an uncontrolled manner".

Let's check Sense 3. "extremely" doesn't fit "swing extremely through 360 degrees".
Sense 2. "in an insane manner" is for animate behavior, usually.
So Sense 1 is the right one.

Let's double check Sense 1: "in an uncontrolled manner". "swing madly" -> they swing frantically or wildly. Yes.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: full
Target surface form: full
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a <t>full</t> 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=full%3:00:00:: | definition=containing as much or as many as is possible or normal | examples=a full glass; a sky full of stars
2. sense_key=full%5:00:01:whole:00 | definition=constituting the full quantity or extent; complete | synonyms=entire, total | examples=an entire town devastated by an earthquake; gave full attention
3. sense_key=full%5:00:00:complete:00 | definition=complete in extent or degree and in every particular | synonyms=total | examples=a full game; a total eclipse
4. sense_key=full%5:00:00:nourished:00 | definition=filled to satisfaction with food or drink | synonyms=replete | examples=a full stomach
5. sense_key=full%3:00:01:: | definition=(of sound) having marked deepness and body | examples=full tones; a full voice
6. sense_key=full%5:00:00:ample:00 | definition=having the normally expected amount | synonyms=good | examples=gives full measure; gives good measure
7. sense_key=full%5:00:00:high:02 | definition=being at a peak or culminating point | synonyms=broad | examples=broad daylight; full summer
8. sense_key=full%5:00:02:ample:00 | definition=having ample fabric | synonyms=wide, wide-cut | examples=the current taste for wide trousers; a full skirt

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees"

Here "full" modifies "360 degrees." The bells swing through a complete 360 degrees - the entire circle. This is about completeness/entirety of the angular range.

Sense 2: "constituting the full quantity or extent; complete" with synonyms entire, total. Examples: "an entire town devastated by an earthquake; gave full attention"

Sense 3: "complete in extent or degree and in every particular" with synonym total. Examples: "a full game; a total eclipse"

"Full 360 degrees" means the complete/entire 360 degrees.

Between sense 2 and sense 3:

Sense 2 emphasizes "constituting the full quantity or extent; complete" - this seems to fit well. "a full 360 degrees" = the entire 360 degrees.

Sense 3 emphasizes "complete in extent or degree and in every particular" - this also could fit.

"Full 360 degrees" - this is about the extent being complete. The phrase "full 360" is common and means a complete rotation.

Sense 2 with synonyms "entire, total" seems closest. "Full 360 degrees" = the entire 360 degrees. The example "gave full attention" also uses full to mean complete/entire.

Actually, let me think more carefully. "Full 360 degrees" - this is about reaching the complete extent of 360 degrees. Sense 2 says "constituting the full quantity or extent; complete" which fits perfectly - the swing constitutes the full extent of 360 degrees.

Sense 3 says "complete in extent or degree and in every particular" - this also fits but seems more about thoroughness in every particular.

I'll go with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: degree
Target surface form: degrees
Context:
A series of 5,000 or so changes is a "peal "and takes about three hours. A look at a Thursday night practice at St. Mary Abbot church in the Kensington district of London gives an idea of the work involved. Ten shirt-sleeved ringers stand in a circle, one foot ahead of the other in a prize-fighter's stance, each pulling a rope that disappears through a small hole in the high ceiling of the ringing chamber. No one speaks, and the snaking of the ropes seems to make as much sound as the bells themselves, muffled by the ceiling. Totally absorbed, the ringers stare straight ahead, using peripheral vision (they call it "rope-sight ") to watch the other ropes and thus time their pulls. Far above in the belfry, the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 <t>degrees</t>, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position. Skilled ringers use their wrists to advance or retard the next swing, so that one bell can swap places with another in the following change.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=degree%1:07:00:: | definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | synonyms=grade, level | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence; a high level of care is required
2. sense_key=degree%1:26:01:: | definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | synonyms=level, stage, point | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness; at what stage are the social sciences?
3. sense_key=degree%1:10:00:: | definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | synonyms=academic degree | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. sense_key=degree%1:09:00:: | definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. sense_key=degree%1:23:03:: | definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. sense_key=degree%1:07:01:: | definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree; a second degree burn

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "degrees" in the context: "the huge bronze bells, mounted on wheels, swing madly through a full 360 degrees, starting and ending, surprisingly, in the inverted, or mouth-up position."

Here, "360 degrees" clearly refers to a measure for arcs and angles. The bells swing through a full 360 degrees, meaning a complete circle.

This matches sense 4: sense_key=degree%1:23:00:: | definition=a measure for arcs and angles | synonyms=arcdegree | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle

provider: Friendli