[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: yield
Target surface form: yields
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond <t>yields</t> are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=yield%1:04:00:: | definition=production of a certain amount | synonyms=output
2. sense_key=yield%1:21:00:: | definition=the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property | synonyms=return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff | examples=the average return was about 5%
3. sense_key=yield%1:06:00:: | definition=an amount of a product | synonyms=fruit
4. sense_key=yield%1:23:00:: | definition=the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) | synonyms=output, production | examples=production was up in the second quarter

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "yields" in the context of Treasury 10-year bond yields and 30-year bond yields.

Let me look at the context: "Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous evening."

Here, "yields" refers to the income or return from bonds - specifically the interest rate or return on investment for bonds.

Sense 1: production of a certain amount (synonyms: output)
Sense 2: the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property (synonyms: return, issue, take, takings, proceeds, payoff; examples: the average return was about 5%)
Sense 3: an amount of a product (synonyms: fruit)
Sense 4: the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time) (synonyms: output, production; examples: production was up in the second quarter)

Bond yields are the return on investment from bonds. The example "the average return was about 5%" in sense 2 is very similar to the percentage-based yields mentioned in the context (3.540%, 4.497%).

Sense 2 is the best fit because:
- It refers to income or profit from financial transactions
- The example mentions a percentage return (5%), which matches the percentage yields in the context
- The synonym "return" is commonly used for bond yields
- The context is about financial markets and investment returns

So the answer is sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: evening
Target surface form: evening
Context:
In the United States, retail sales have increased by 1.3% in November, for the second month in a row, and far more than predicted. Moreover, the confidence of American consumers has clearly bounced back in December, to 73.4 against 67.4 the previous month, according to preliminary estimates from Michigan University's index. The indices have, however, been slowed by a renewed rise of the dollar, to a new two-month high against the Euro, which "puts downward pressure on the sectors that are sensitive to the economic situation", explained Owen Fitzpatrick from Deutsche Bank. Technology securities have thereby lost some ground. The bond market has fallen. Treasury 10-year bond yields have grown to 3.540% against 3.482% on Tuesday evening, and 30-year bond yields are at 4.497% against 4.492% the previous <t>evening</t>.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=evening%1:28:00:: | definition=the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall) | synonyms=eve, even, eventide | examples=he enjoyed the evening light across the lake
2. sense_key=evening%1:28:01:: | definition=a later concluding time period | examples=it was the evening of the Roman Empire
3. sense_key=evening%1:28:02:: | definition=the early part of night (from dinner until bedtime) spent in a special way | examples=an evening at the opera

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content: The context mentions "Tuesday evening" and "the previous evening" in relation to financial market data (bond yields). This refers to the literal time of day - the latter part of the day. Sense 1 fits best.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches <t>deals</t> with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies". This refers to agreements between the Iraqi government and foreign oil companies. The word "deals" here refers to agreements fixing obligations of each party.

Sense 1: a particular instance of buying or selling (trade, business deal)
Sense 2: an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each (bargain)

The context mentions "reaches deals" which implies reaching agreements. The oil ministry and foreign companies are entering into agreements. While this could involve business transactions (sense 1), the emphasis is on reaching agreements between parties. Sense 2 seems most appropriate as "reaching deals" = reaching agreements.

However, sense 1 (business deal) is also plausible since these are commercial agreements. But "reaches deals" strongly collocates with "agreements" (sense 2). Also, the example "he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals" shows deals used in this agreement sense.

Let me reconsider. In business contexts, "deals" often refers to business deals (sense 1) - instances of buying or selling. But the definition of sense 1 is "a particular instance of buying or selling". Oil contracts are agreements for development/extraction, which are agreements fixing obligations.

Actually, "reaches deals" - the verb "reach" collocates strongly with "agreement". So sense 2 (bargain/agreement) is the better fit.

Let me go with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: concern
Target surface form: concerns
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite <t>concerns</t> about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=concern%1:09:00:: | definition=something that interests you because it is important or affects you | examples=the safety of the ship is the captain's concern
2. sense_key=concern%1:12:01:: | definition=an anxious feeling | synonyms=care, fear | examples=care had aged him; they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction
3. sense_key=concern%1:12:00:: | definition=a feeling of sympathy for someone or something | examples=She felt strong concern for those less fortunate
4. sense_key=concern%1:09:01:: | definition=something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness | synonyms=worry, headache, vexation | examples=New York traffic is a constant concern; it's a major worry
5. sense_key=concern%1:14:00:: | definition=a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it | synonyms=business, business concern, business organization, business organisation | examples=he bought his brother's business; a small mom-and-pop business

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "concerns" in the context: "Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies..."

Let's analyze the candidate senses:

1. concern%1:09:00:: - something that interests you because it is important or affects you
2. concern%1:12:01:: - an anxious feeling (synonyms: care, fear)
3. concern%1:12:00:: - a feeling of sympathy for someone or something
4. concern%1:09:01:: - something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness (synonyms: worry, headache, vexation)
5. concern%1:14:00:: - a commercial or industrial enterprise (synonyms: business, business concern)

In the context, "concerns about violence and political instability" refers to worries or anxieties about the situation in Iraq. The word "despite" suggests these are negative feelings or worries that could potentially deter investment, but the government still managed to attract companies.

Sense 2 (an anxious feeling) or Sense 4 (something that causes anxiety) seem most relevant.

Sense 2 is "an anxious feeling" - this would be the feeling of anxiety itself.
Sense 4 is "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness" - this would be the source of the anxiety.

In the context "concerns about violence," the "concerns" are the worried feelings people have about violence. This aligns more with Sense 2 (an anxious feeling).

However, Sense 4 includes "worry" as a synonym, and "concerns about violence" could be interpreted as the violence being the source of worry.

Let me reconsider. "Despite concerns about violence" - the concerns are the feelings of worry/anxiety that people (oil companies, investors) have regarding the violence. This is more about the anxious feeling (Sense 2) rather than the source of anxiety (which would be the violence itself).

Sense 2 seems like the best fit: "an anxious feeling" with synonyms like "care" and "fear."

Actually, let me look at this more carefully. Sense 4 says "something or someone that causes anxiety; a source of unhappiness" with examples like "New York traffic is a constant concern." In that example, the traffic is the concern (the source of anxiety).

In our context, "concerns about violence" - are the concerns the feelings, or are they the things causing concern?

I think in common usage, "concerns about X" typically means "worries about X" - the concerns are the feelings of worry. This aligns with Sense 2.

However, Sense 2's examples are "care had aged him" and "they hushed it up out of fear of public reaction" - these use the words "care" and "fear" as synonyms, not "concern" itself.

Sense 4's examples are "New York traffic is a constant concern" and "it's a major worry" - here "concern" is used to mean something that causes worry.

In the context "Despite concerns about violence and political instability," the concerns are worries/anxious feelings that people have. This is more aligned with Sense 2 (an anxious feeling).

But wait - let me reconsider. "Concerns about violence" could be paraphrased as "worries about violence" where worries = anxious feelings. This supports Sense 2.

Alternatively, "concerns" could be the things that are concerning (the violence and instability are the concerns). But the phrase "concerns about violence" suggests the concerns are directed at violence, making them the feelings/worries, not the source.

I'll go with Sense 2: concern%1:12:01:: - an anxious feeling.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: violence
Target surface form: violence
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about <t>violence</t> and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=violence%1:04:01:: | definition=an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists) | synonyms=force | examples=he may accomplish by craft in the long run what he cannot do by force and violence in the short one
2. sense_key=violence%1:07:00:: | definition=the property of being wild or turbulent | synonyms=ferocity, fierceness, furiousness, fury, vehemence, wildness | examples=the storm's violence
3. sense_key=violence%1:26:00:: | definition=a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc.

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context mentions "concerns about violence and political instability" in Iraq, related to war, sanctions, and crippled infrastructure. This refers to a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction.

Sense 3: "a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction etc." fits best here, as the violence in Iraq refers to the ongoing conflict and turmoil causing destruction.

Sense 1 is about an act of aggression against a person who resists - too specific.
Sense 2 is about being wild or turbulent, like a storm - not fitting.
Sense 3 is about a turbulent state resulting in injuries and destruction - fits the context of Iraqi violence related to war and instability.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: instability
Target surface form: instability
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political <t>instability</t>, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=instability%1:26:00:: | definition=an unstable order
2. sense_key=instability%1:07:01:: | definition=unreliability attributable to being unstable
3. sense_key=instability%1:26:01:: | definition=a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium | synonyms=imbalance, unbalance | examples=a hormonal imbalance
4. sense_key=instability%1:07:00:: | definition=the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute | synonyms=unstableness

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about "political instability" in Iraq, referring to concerns about violence and political turmoil. This is about an unstable political order or situation.

Sense 1: "an unstable order" - this refers to an unstable political/social order
Sense 2: "unreliability attributable to being unstable"
Sense 3: "a lack of balance or state of disequilibrium" - more about physical/chemical imbalance
Sense 4: "the quality or attribute of being unstable and irresolute" - more about a person being irresolute

The phrase "political instability" most aligns with sense 1 - an unstable order (political order).

Let me verify: "political instability" refers to the political situation being unstable, not reliable, or in a state of disequilibrium. Sense 1 "an unstable order" fits best because it refers to the political order being unstable.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: government
Target surface form: government
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi <t>government</t> managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=government%1:14:00:: | definition=the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit | synonyms=authorities, regime | examples=the government reduced taxes; the matter was referred to higher authorities
2. sense_key=government%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of governing; exercising authority | synonyms=governing, governance, government activity, administration | examples=regulations for the governing of state prisons; he had considerable experience of government
3. sense_key=government%1:09:00:: | definition=(government) the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed | examples=tyrannical government
4. sense_key=government%1:09:01:: | definition=the study of government of states and other political units | synonyms=politics, political science

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "government" in the sentence: "the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure..."

Sense 1: the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit (synonyms: authorities, regime). Example: "the government reduced taxes"
Sense 2: the act of governing; exercising authority
Sense 3: the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed (e.g., tyrannical government)
Sense 4: the study of government of states and other political units

In the context, "the Iraqi government" refers to the organization that governs Iraq. It's a concrete entity that "managed to attract major oil companies" and made deals. This fits sense 1 best - the organization that is the governing authority.

Sense 3 would be about a form of government (like "democratic government" or "tyrannical government"), but here it's referring to the specific governing body/organization of Iraq.

So the answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: auction
Target surface form: auctions
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two <t>auctions</t> that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=auction%1:04:01:: | definition=a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge | synonyms=auction bridge
2. sense_key=auction%1:04:00:: | definition=the public sale of something to the highest bidder | synonyms=auction sale, vendue

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "auctions" in the context of the Iraqi Oil Ministry reaching deals with foreign oil companies during two auctions.

Sense 1 is about auction bridge (a card game).
Sense 2 is about the public sale of something to the highest bidder.

The context clearly refers to auctions in the sense of public sales where the Iraqi government sold oil contracts to the highest bidders (foreign oil companies).

The best sense is sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 <t>deals</t> the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
Looking at the context, the "deals" refer to agreements reached between the Iraqi Oil Ministry and foreign oil companies after auctions (discussions/negotiations). These deals fix obligations for each party—oil companies will refurbish Iraq's oil infrastructure, and in return they receive stakes in oil fields. The phrase "reaches deals with" strongly collocates with the notion of reaching an agreement between parties.

Sense 1 ("a particular instance of buying or selling") is too narrow—it focuses on a single transaction rather than a comprehensive agreement fixing mutual obligations. Sense 2 captures the essence: an agreement between parties arrived at after discussion, fixing obligations of each.

{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content:
The context is about the Iraqi Oil Ministry reaching "deals" with 10 foreign oil companies. The deals refer to agreements or business arrangements made between the government and oil companies.

Sense 1: "a particular instance of buying or selling" - synonyms: trade, business deal
Sense 2: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" - synonyms: bargain

The context mentions "reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies" and "The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies." These are agreements between parties (the Iraqi government and foreign oil companies) arrived at after discussion (auctions), fixing obligations of each party.

This could be sense 1 or sense 2. Let me think more carefully.

Sense 1 is "a particular instance of buying or selling" with synonyms like "trade, business deal." The example is "it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him."

Sense 2 is "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each" with synonym "bargain." The examples are "he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals."

The context talks about "reaches deals with" - this suggests reaching agreements. The deals involve the oil companies rebuilding infrastructure and developing oil fields. These are agreements between parties fixing obligations.

However, these are also business deals - instances of buying or selling (oil contracts).

Looking at the phrasing "reaches deals with" - this suggests negotiation and agreement. The word "reached" collocates strongly with "agreement" rather than "trade."

Also, the context mentions "two auctions" - the deals were arrived at after discussion/negotiation. The deals fix obligations (oil companies will refurbish Iraq's oil industry, and in return get stakes in oil fields).

Sense 2 seems more appropriate: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each." The synonym "bargain" and examples like "he made a bargain with the devil" and "a series of shady deals" support this.

But wait - sense 1 with synonym "business deal" could also fit well. The context is clearly about business deals between the Oil Ministry and foreign companies.

Let me reconsider. The definition of sense 1 is "a particular instance of buying or selling." The deals here are more than just buying or selling - they are comprehensive agreements involving development of oil fields, rebuilding infrastructure, etc. These are agreements fixing obligations of each party.

Sense 2 seems like the better fit. The deals are agreements between parties arrived at after discussion (auctions/negotiations) fixing obligations (what each party will do).

Actually, looking at the examples more carefully:
- Sense 1: "it was a package deal" - this refers to a business arrangement
- Sense 2: "he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals" - these could be business deals too

The key distinction is:
- Sense 1: focus on the transaction itself (buying/selling)
- Sense 2: focus on the agreement between parties fixing obligations

The Iraqi oil deals are agreements between the government and oil companies where each party has obligations (the companies invest and develop the fields; the government grants them stakes). This aligns more with sense 2.

But I could also argue sense 1 since these are business deals - the synonym literally is "business deal."

Hmm, let me think about this differently. The phrase "reaches deals with" suggests reaching agreements. In business contexts, "deals" often refers to business agreements/arrangements.

Looking at WordNet more carefully:
- Sense 1 (deal%1:04:02::): a particular instance of buying or selling - this is under the "act" or "event" category
- Sense 2 (deal%1:10:00::): an agreement between parties - this is under the "communication" or "agreement" category

The oil deals are agreements between the Iraqi government and foreign oil companies. They are not simple instances of buying or selling - they are comprehensive agreements that fix obligations for each party (e.g., the companies will invest in and develop the oil fields, and in return, they get stakes in those fields).

I'll go with sense 2 - "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each."

Wait, let me reconsider one more time. The context says "Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies." These are clearly business/commercial deals. Sense 1 has the synonym "business deal" which directly matches. But the definition of sense 1 is "a particular instance of buying or selling" which is narrower than what these deals encompass.

The deals here are agreements - they were reached after auctions (discussions/negotiations), and they fix obligations (each party has responsibilities). This matches sense 2 better.

I'll go with sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: china
Target surface form: China
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that <t>China</t>, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=china%1:15:00:: | definition=a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world | synonyms=People's Republic of China, mainland China, Communist China, Red China, PRC, Cathay
2. sense_key=china%1:06:00:: | definition=high quality porcelain originally made only in China
3. sense_key=china%1:15:01:: | definition=a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the Communists led by Mao Zedong | synonyms=Taiwan, Nationalist China, Republic of China
4. sense_key=china%1:06:01:: | definition=dishware made of high quality porcelain | synonyms=chinaware

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target is "China" in a news context about Iraqi oil deals. It's mentioned alongside Russia and European oil firms, contrasting with American companies. This refers to the country, the People's Republic of China.

Sense 1: communist nation in eastern Asia, most populous country. Synonyms include PRC, People's Republic of China.
Sense 3: Taiwan.

This is clearly sense 1, referring to the country of China (PRC).


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: russia
Target surface form: Russia
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, <t>Russia</t> and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=russia%1:15:00:: | definition=a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991 | synonyms=Soviet Union, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR
2. sense_key=russia%1:15:01:: | definition=formerly the largest Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR occupying eastern Europe and northern Asia | synonyms=Soviet Russia, Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
3. sense_key=russia%1:15:02:: | definition=a former empire in eastern Europe and northern Asia created in the 14th century with Moscow as the capital; powerful in the 17th and 18th centuries under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great when Saint Petersburg was the capital; overthrown by revolution in 1917
4. sense_key=russia%1:15:04:: | definition=a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state | synonyms=Russian Federation

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context mentions Russia in the context of modern oil deals with Iraq. The article talks about current events involving Iraq's Oil Ministry reaching deals with foreign oil companies, and mentions China, Russia, and European oil firms playing a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry. This is clearly referring to the modern, contemporary Russian state.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. Soviet Union (USSR) - dissolved in 1991, not applicable
2. Soviet Russia (RSFSR) - part of USSR, not applicable
3. Russian Empire - overthrown in 1917, not applicable
4. Russian Federation - since 1991 an independent state - this is the modern state of Russia

The context is about contemporary oil deals, so sense 4 (Russian Federation) is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: oil
Target surface form: oil
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European <t>oil</t> firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=oil%1:27:00:: | definition=a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
2. sense_key=oil%1:06:01:: | definition=oil paint containing pigment that is used by an artist | synonyms=oil color, oil colour
3. sense_key=oil%1:27:01:: | definition=a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons | synonyms=petroleum, crude oil, crude, rock oil, fossil oil
4. sense_key=oil%1:13:00:: | definition=any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants | synonyms=vegetable oil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about the Iraqi Oil Ministry, foreign oil companies, oil industry, auctioned fields, and refurbishing Iraq's oil industry. This clearly refers to petroleum/crude oil.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: role
Target surface form: role
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major <t>role</t> in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=role%1:04:00:: | definition=the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group | synonyms=function, office, part | examples=the function of a teacher; the government must do its part
2. sense_key=role%1:09:00:: | definition=an actor's portrayal of someone in a play | synonyms=character, theatrical role, part, persona | examples=she played the part of Desdemona
3. sense_key=role%1:07:00:: | definition=what something is used for | synonyms=function, purpose, use | examples=the function of an auger is to bore holes; ballet is beautiful but what use is it?
4. sense_key=role%1:04:01:: | definition=normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting | examples=what is your role on the team?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "role" in the context: "China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry."
Here, "play a major role" means the actions and activities assigned to or expected of these groups (China, Russia, European oil firms).
Sense 1: "the actions and activities assigned to or required or expected of a person or group" (synonyms: function, office, part). Examples: "the function of a teacher", "the government must do its part". This fits perfectly with "foreign oil companies are poised to play a major role".
Sense 3: "what something is used for" (synonyms: function, purpose, use). This is more about inanimate objects' utility (e.g., auger).
Sense 4: "normal or customary activity of a person in a particular social setting". This is more about social roles.
So Sense 1 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: decade
Target surface form: decades
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by <t>decades</t> of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=decade%1:28:00:: | definition=a period of 10 years | synonyms=decennary, decennium
2. sense_key=decade%1:23:00:: | definition=the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system | synonyms=ten, 10, X, tenner

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "decade", surface form "decades".
Context: "crippled by decades of war and sanctions."
Sense 1: a period of 10 years.
Sense 2: the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system.

In the context, "decades of war and sanctions" means periods of 10 years (i.e., many years). So sense 1 is the correct choice.
I need to return a JSON object like {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: war
Target surface form: war
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of <t>war</t> and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=war%1:04:00:: | definition=the waging of armed conflict against an enemy | synonyms=warfare | examples=thousands of people were killed in the war
2. sense_key=war%1:26:00:: | definition=a legal state created by a declaration of war and ended by official declaration during which the international rules of war apply | synonyms=state of war | examples=war was declared in November but actual fighting did not begin until the following spring
3. sense_key=war%1:04:02:: | definition=an active struggle between competing entities | synonyms=warfare | examples=a price war; a war of wits
4. sense_key=war%1:04:01:: | definition=a concerted campaign to end something that is injurious | examples=the war on poverty; the war against crime

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context mentions "crippled by decades of war and sanctions" referring to Iraq's oil industry. This is about the actual armed conflict that Iraq has experienced (Iran-Iraq war, Gulf War, Iraq War). The phrase "decades of war" refers to the waging of armed conflict.

Sense 1: "the waging of armed conflict against an enemy" with examples like "thousands of people were killed in the war" - this fits well as it refers to actual warfare.

Sense 2: "a legal state created by a declaration of war" - this is more about the legal/state of war concept, which doesn't fit as well here since we're talking about the physical destruction from wars over decades.

Sense 3: "an active struggle between competing entities" like "a price war" - this is metaphorical, not applicable here.

Sense 4: "a concerted campaign to end something" like "war on poverty" - this is also metaphorical/campaign-based, not applicable.

The best sense is 1, as it refers to actual armed conflict that crippled Iraq's infrastructure.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: sanction
Target surface form: sanctions
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and <t>sanctions</t>. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=sanction%1:10:00:: | definition=formal and explicit approval | synonyms=countenance, endorsement, indorsement, warrant, imprimatur | examples=a Democrat usually gets the union's endorsement
2. sense_key=sanction%1:04:02:: | definition=a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards
3. sense_key=sanction%1:07:00:: | definition=official permission or approval | synonyms=authority, authorization, authorisation | examples=authority for the program was renewed several times
4. sense_key=sanction%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of final authorization | examples=it had the sanction of the church

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "sanctions" in the context: "crippled by decades of war and sanctions."

Here, "sanctions" refers to economic or political penalties/restrictions imposed on Iraq. Let me look at the candidate senses:

1. sense_key=sanction%1:10:00:: | formal and explicit approval | synonyms=countenance, endorsement, indorsement, warrant, imprimatur
2. sense_key=sanction%1:04:02:: | a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards
3. sense_key=sanction%1:07:00:: | official permission or approval | synonyms=authority, authorization, authorisation
4. sense_key=sanction%1:04:01:: | the act of final authorization

None of these senses perfectly capture the meaning of "economic sanctions" (penalties/restrictions imposed by international bodies). However, looking at the options:

- Senses 1, 3, and 4 all refer to approval, authorization, or permission — which is the opposite of what "sanctions" means in this context (where it refers to punitive measures).
- Sense 2 refers to "a mechanism of social control for enforcing a society's standards" — this is the closest to the concept of punitive sanctions, as economic sanctions are indeed mechanisms of social control used to enforce standards (in this case, international standards).

The word "sanction" has a dual meaning: it can mean approval/authorization, but it can also mean a penalty or coercive measure. Among the given options, sense 2 is the closest to the punitive meaning, as it describes a mechanism of social control.

So the answer should be sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: company
Target surface form: companies
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American <t>companies</t> walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=company%1:14:01:: | definition=an institution created to conduct business | examples=he only invests in large well-established companies; he started the company in his garage
2. sense_key=company%1:14:03:: | definition=small military unit; usually two or three platoons
3. sense_key=company%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=companionship, fellowship, society | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=company%1:14:02:: | definition=organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical) | synonyms=troupe | examples=the traveling company all stayed at the same hotel
5. sense_key=company%1:18:00:: | definition=a social or business visitor | synonyms=caller | examples=the room was a mess because he hadn't expected company
6. sense_key=company%1:14:00:: | definition=a social gathering of guests or companions | examples=the house was filled with company when I arrived
7. sense_key=company%1:14:06:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=party | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
8. sense_key=company%1:14:04:: | definition=crew of a ship including the officers; the whole force or personnel of a ship | synonyms=ship's company
9. sense_key=company%1:14:05:: | definition=a unit of firefighters including their equipment | examples=a hook-and-ladder company

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about Iraqi Oil Ministry reaching deals with foreign oil companies. "American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields." This is clearly about business institutions/companies.

Sense 1: "an institution created to conduct business" - examples include "he only invests in large well-established companies" - this fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: stake
Target surface form: stakes
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with <t>stakes</t> in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=stake%1:21:02:: | definition=(law) a right or legal share of something; a financial involvement with something | synonyms=interest | examples=they have interests all over the world; a stake in the company's future
2. sense_key=stake%1:10:00:: | definition=a pole or stake set up to mark something (as the start or end of a race track) | synonyms=post | examples=a pair of posts marked the goal; the corner of the lot was indicated by a stake
3. sense_key=stake%1:06:01:: | definition=instrument of execution consisting of a vertical post that a victim is tied to for burning
4. sense_key=stake%1:21:00:: | definition=the money risked on a gamble | synonyms=stakes, bet, wager
5. sense_key=stake%1:06:00:: | definition=a strong wooden or metal post with a point at one end so it can be driven into the ground

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "stakes" appears in the context: "American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields."

This refers to a financial or legal share/interest in the oil fields. The companies acquired a share or interest in the oil fields through the auctions.

Sense 1: "(law) a right or legal share of something; a financial involvement with something" with synonyms=interest and example "a stake in the company's future" - this fits perfectly.

Sense 4: "the money risked on a gamble" - this doesn't fit as well because the context is about acquiring shares/interests in oil fields, not gambling money.

The best sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: field
Target surface form: fields
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned <t>fields</t>. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=field%1:15:00:: | definition=a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed | examples=he planted a field of wheat
2. sense_key=field%1:15:04:: | definition=a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought | synonyms=battlefield, battleground, field of battle, field of honor | examples=they made a tour of Civil War battlefields
3. sense_key=field%1:15:01:: | definition=somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected | examples=anthropologists do much of their work in the field
4. sense_key=field%1:09:00:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field of study, study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
5. sense_key=field%1:19:00:: | definition=the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it | synonyms=field of force, force field
6. sense_key=field%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular kind of commercial enterprise | synonyms=field of operation, line of business | examples=they are outstanding in their field
7. sense_key=field%1:26:00:: | definition=a particular environment or walk of life | synonyms=sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena | examples=his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment
8. sense_key=field%1:15:02:: | definition=a piece of land prepared for playing a game | synonyms=playing field, athletic field, playing area | examples=the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field
9. sense_key=field%1:17:00:: | definition=extensive tract of level open land | synonyms=plain, champaign | examples=they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain; he longed for the fields of his youth
10. sense_key=field%1:14:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a set of elements such that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative and multiplication is distributive over addition and there are two elements 0 and 1 | examples=the set of all rational numbers is a field
11. sense_key=field%1:15:03:: | definition=a region in which active military operations are in progress | synonyms=field of operations, theater, theater of operations, theatre, theatre of operations | examples=the army was in the field awaiting action; he served in the Vietnam theater for three years
12. sense_key=field%1:14:01:: | definition=all of the horses in a particular horse race
13. sense_key=field%1:14:02:: | definition=all the competitors in a particular contest or sporting event
14. sense_key=field%1:15:05:: | definition=a geographic region (land or sea) under which something valuable is found | examples=the diamond fields of South Africa
15. sense_key=field%1:14:03:: | definition=(computer science) a set of one or more adjacent characters comprising a unit of information
16. sense_key=field%1:09:01:: | definition=the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument) | synonyms=field of view
17. sense_key=field%1:06:00:: | definition=a place where planes take off and land | synonyms=airfield, landing field, flying field

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about Iraqi oil auctions and oil companies bidding on "auctioned fields." These "fields" refer to geographic regions where oil is found - oil fields.

Sense 14: "a geographic region (land or sea) under which something valuable is found" with examples "the diamond fields of South Africa" - this fits perfectly for oil fields.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: company
Target surface form: companies
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American <t>companies</t> had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday. The only one that submitted a bid lost.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=company%1:14:01:: | definition=an institution created to conduct business | examples=he only invests in large well-established companies; he started the company in his garage
2. sense_key=company%1:14:03:: | definition=small military unit; usually two or three platoons
3. sense_key=company%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=companionship, fellowship, society | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=company%1:14:02:: | definition=organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical) | synonyms=troupe | examples=the traveling company all stayed at the same hotel
5. sense_key=company%1:18:00:: | definition=a social or business visitor | synonyms=caller | examples=the room was a mess because he hadn't expected company
6. sense_key=company%1:14:00:: | definition=a social gathering of guests or companions | examples=the house was filled with company when I arrived
7. sense_key=company%1:14:06:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=party | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
8. sense_key=company%1:14:04:: | definition=crew of a ship including the officers; the whole force or personnel of a ship | synonyms=ship's company
9. sense_key=company%1:14:05:: | definition=a unit of firefighters including their equipment | examples=a hook-and-ladder company

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about "Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction" in the context of oil companies and business deals.

Sense 1: "an institution created to conduct business" with examples like "he only invests in large well-established companies; he started the company in his garage" - this fits perfectly with the context of foreign oil companies, American companies bidding in oil auctions.

This is clearly about business entities/companies.

{"sense_index": 1}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: auction
Target surface form: auction
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second <t>auction</t>, which began Friday. The only one that submitted a bid lost.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=auction%1:04:01:: | definition=a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge | synonyms=auction bridge
2. sense_key=auction%1:04:00:: | definition=the public sale of something to the highest bidder | synonyms=auction sale, vendue

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word is "auction" used in the context of the Iraqi Oil Ministry reaching deals with foreign oil companies through "two auctions" and "auctioned fields." This clearly refers to the public sale of something to the highest bidder, which is sense 2 (auction%1:04:00::). Sense 1 refers to a card game (auction bridge), which is irrelevant here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: bid
Target surface form: bid
Context:
Iraqi Oil Ministry reaches deals with 10 foreign oil companies Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday. The only one that submitted a <t>bid</t> lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=bid%1:10:03:: | definition=an authoritative direction or instruction to do something | synonyms=command, bidding, dictation
2. sense_key=bid%1:04:00:: | definition=an attempt to get something | synonyms=play | examples=they made a futile play for power; he made a bid to gain attention
3. sense_key=bid%1:10:00:: | definition=a formal proposal to buy at a specified price | synonyms=tender
4. sense_key=bid%1:10:01:: | definition=(bridge) the number of tricks a bridge player is willing to contract to make | synonyms=bidding

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about Iraqi Oil Ministry auctions where foreign oil companies submit bids. The sentence says: "The only one that submitted a bid lost." This refers to a formal proposal to buy or secure contracts at a specified price in an auction setting.

Sense 3: sense_key=bid%1:10:00:: | definition=a formal proposal to buy at a specified price | synonyms=tender

This fits perfectly with the auction context where companies submit bids to win contracts for oil fields.

provider: StreamLake


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: company
Target surface form: companies
Context:
Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday. The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American <t>companies</t> reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=company%1:14:01:: | definition=an institution created to conduct business | examples=he only invests in large well-established companies; he started the company in his garage
2. sense_key=company%1:14:03:: | definition=small military unit; usually two or three platoons
3. sense_key=company%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of being with someone | synonyms=companionship, fellowship, society | examples=he missed their company; he enjoyed the society of his friends
4. sense_key=company%1:14:02:: | definition=organization of performers and associated personnel (especially theatrical) | synonyms=troupe | examples=the traveling company all stayed at the same hotel
5. sense_key=company%1:18:00:: | definition=a social or business visitor | synonyms=caller | examples=the room was a mess because he hadn't expected company
6. sense_key=company%1:14:00:: | definition=a social gathering of guests or companions | examples=the house was filled with company when I arrived
7. sense_key=company%1:14:06:: | definition=a band of people associated temporarily in some activity | synonyms=party | examples=they organized a party to search for food; the company of cooks walked into the kitchen
8. sense_key=company%1:14:04:: | definition=crew of a ship including the officers; the whole force or personnel of a ship | synonyms=ship's company
9. sense_key=company%1:14:05:: | definition=a unit of firefighters including their equipment | examples=a hook-and-ladder company

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about "American companies" in the oil industry, referring to business institutions like oil companies. This matches sense 1: "an institution created to conduct business."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deals
Context:
Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday. The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached <t>deals</t> for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "deals" in the context: "Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June."
The context talks about oil companies reaching deals with the Iraqi Oil Ministry for fields auctioned.
This means they came to an agreement.
Looking at the senses:
1. deal%1:04:02:: | a particular instance of buying or selling
2. deal%1:10:00:: | an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each
3. deal%1:23:00:: | a large number or amount or extent
4. deal%1:27:00:: | a plank of softwood
5. deal%1:27:01:: | wood that is easy to saw
6. deal%1:14:00:: | the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time
7. deal%1:11:00:: | the type of treatment received
8. deal%1:04:00:: | the act of distributing playing cards
9. deal%1:04:01:: | the act of apportioning or distributing something

"reached deals" -> "reached agreements".
Sense 2 is "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each".
This fits perfectly with "The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies" and "Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June."

Therefore, sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: field
Target surface form: fields
Context:
Despite concerns about violence and political instability, the Iraqi government managed to attract major oil companies to rebuild its ailing infrastructure during two auctions that concluded Saturday. The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday. The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for <t>fields</t> auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=field%1:15:00:: | definition=a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed | examples=he planted a field of wheat
2. sense_key=field%1:15:04:: | definition=a region where a battle is being (or has been) fought | synonyms=battlefield, battleground, field of battle, field of honor | examples=they made a tour of Civil War battlefields
3. sense_key=field%1:15:01:: | definition=somewhere (away from a studio or office or library or laboratory) where practical work is done or data is collected | examples=anthropologists do much of their work in the field
4. sense_key=field%1:09:00:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field of study, study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
5. sense_key=field%1:19:00:: | definition=the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it | synonyms=field of force, force field
6. sense_key=field%1:04:00:: | definition=a particular kind of commercial enterprise | synonyms=field of operation, line of business | examples=they are outstanding in their field
7. sense_key=field%1:26:00:: | definition=a particular environment or walk of life | synonyms=sphere, domain, area, orbit, arena | examples=his social sphere is limited; it was a closed area of employment
8. sense_key=field%1:15:02:: | definition=a piece of land prepared for playing a game | synonyms=playing field, athletic field, playing area | examples=the home crowd cheered when Princeton took the field
9. sense_key=field%1:17:00:: | definition=extensive tract of level open land | synonyms=plain, champaign | examples=they emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain; he longed for the fields of his youth
10. sense_key=field%1:14:00:: | definition=(mathematics) a set of elements such that addition and multiplication are commutative and associative and multiplication is distributive over addition and there are two elements 0 and 1 | examples=the set of all rational numbers is a field
11. sense_key=field%1:15:03:: | definition=a region in which active military operations are in progress | synonyms=field of operations, theater, theater of operations, theatre, theatre of operations | examples=the army was in the field awaiting action; he served in the Vietnam theater for three years
12. sense_key=field%1:14:01:: | definition=all of the horses in a particular horse race
13. sense_key=field%1:14:02:: | definition=all the competitors in a particular contest or sporting event
14. sense_key=field%1:15:05:: | definition=a geographic region (land or sea) under which something valuable is found | examples=the diamond fields of South Africa
15. sense_key=field%1:14:03:: | definition=(computer science) a set of one or more adjacent characters comprising a unit of information
16. sense_key=field%1:09:01:: | definition=the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument) | synonyms=field of view
17. sense_key=field%1:06:00:: | definition=a place where planes take off and land | synonyms=airfield, landing field, flying field

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about oil fields auctioned in Iraq. The target word "fields" refers to geographic regions under which something valuable (oil) is found.

Sense 14: "a geographic region (land or sea) under which something valuable is found" with examples "the diamond fields of South Africa" - this matches perfectly for oil fields.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: representation
Target surface form: representation
Context:
The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday. The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager <t>representation</t> of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=representation%1:09:00:: | definition=a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image | synonyms=mental representation, internal representation
2. sense_key=representation%1:06:00:: | definition=a creation that is a visual or tangible rendering of someone or something
3. sense_key=representation%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of representing; standing in for someone or some group and speaking with authority in their behalf
4. sense_key=representation%1:26:00:: | definition=the state of serving as an official and authorized delegate or agent | synonyms=delegacy, agency
5. sense_key=representation%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of legislators that serve in behalf of some constituency | examples=a Congressional vacancy occurred in the representation from California
6. sense_key=representation%1:10:00:: | definition=a factual statement made by one party in order to induce another party to enter into a contract | examples=the sales contract contains several representations by the vendor
7. sense_key=representation%1:10:01:: | definition=a performance of a play | synonyms=theatrical performance, theatrical, histrionics
8. sense_key=representation%1:10:02:: | definition=a statement of facts and reasons made in appealing or protesting | examples=certain representations were made concerning police brutality
9. sense_key=representation%1:07:00:: | definition=the right of being represented by delegates who have a voice in some legislative body
10. sense_key=representation%1:04:00:: | definition=an activity that stands as an equivalent of something or results in an equivalent

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
Looking at the context, "the meager representation of American oil giants" refers to the small presence/involvement of American companies standing in for American corporate interests in Iraq's oil deals. This matches the concept of representing a group or entity.

Sense 3 ("the act of representing; standing in for someone or some group and speaking with authority in their behalf") best captures this meaning—American oil companies are serving as the representatives of American business interests in the Iraqi oil industry, and their presence (representation) is described as meager.

{"sense_index": 3}

reasoning_content:
The context discusses "The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry," meaning the presence or involvement of American companies in the deals was minimal. Here, "representation" refers to the act or fact of having American companies present/standing in for American interests in the Iraqi oil industry deals.

Looking at the senses:

Sense 3: "the act of representing; standing in for someone or some group and speaking with authority in their behalf" - This could work, as American companies are representing American interests.

Sense 1: "a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image" - This is about mental representation, not fitting.

Sense 2: "a creation that is a visual or tangible rendering of someone or something" - Not fitting.

Sense 4: "the state of serving as an official and authorized delegate or agent" - Could be, but the companies aren't really delegates.

Sense 5: "a body of legislators that serve in behalf of some constituency" - Not fitting, this is about legislators.

Sense 6: "a factual statement made by one party in order to induce another party to enter into a contract" - Not fitting.

Sense 7: "a performance of a play" - Not fitting.

Sense 8: "a statement of facts and reasons made in appealing or protesting" - Not fitting.

Sense 9: "the right of being represented by delegates who have a voice in some legislative body" - Not fitting.

Sense 10: "an activity that stands as an equivalent of something or results in an equivalent" - Not fitting.

The best fit seems to be sense 3, "the act of representing; standing in for someone or some group and speaking with authority in their behalf." The "meager representation" of American oil giants means that American companies had a small presence/role in standing in for American interests in the Iraqi oil industry.

Actually, let me think about this more carefully. The "representation" here is about the presence or participation of American companies in the Iraqi oil deals. It's not really about them "speaking with authority on behalf of" anyone. It's more about their involvement or presence.

Sense 3 talks about "standing in for someone or some group and speaking with authority in their behalf." This is a bit more formal than what's happening here.

But looking at the other options, none of them fit better. Sense 4 is about being an "official and authorized delegate or agent," which is too formal.

Actually, sense 3 might be the closest. The American oil giants are the representatives of American business interests in Iraq. Their "representation" means their presence as representatives/stand-ins for American corporate interests.

I'll go with sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: oil
Target surface form: oil
Context:
The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday. The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American <t>oil</t> giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=oil%1:27:00:: | definition=a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
2. sense_key=oil%1:06:01:: | definition=oil paint containing pigment that is used by an artist | synonyms=oil color, oil colour
3. sense_key=oil%1:27:01:: | definition=a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons | synonyms=petroleum, crude oil, crude, rock oil, fossil oil
4. sense_key=oil%1:13:00:: | definition=any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants | synonyms=vegetable oil

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "oil" in the context of "American oil giants" and "Iraq's opening oil industry" which is about petroleum/crude oil.
Sense 3: oil paint containing pigment that is used by an artist - No
Sense 1: a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water - Hypernym
Sense 3 (wait, the indices are):
1. oil%1:27:00:: | definition=a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
2. oil%1:06:01:: | definition=oil paint containing pigment that is used by an artist | synonyms=oil color, oil colour
3. oil%1:27:01:: | definition=a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons | synonyms=petroleum, crude oil, crude, rock oil, fossil oil
4. oil%1:13:00:: | definition=any of a group of liquid edible fats that are obtained from plants | synonyms=vegetable oil

The context mentions "Iraqi Oil Ministry", "foreign oil companies", "refurbishing Iraq's oil industry", "auctioned fields", "oil giants". This clearly refers to petroleum / crude oil.
Sense index 3 is "a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons" with synonyms "petroleum, crude oil, crude, rock oil, fossil oil". This perfectly matches the context.

Let's double check the JSON format: {"sense_index": 3}


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: giant
Target surface form: giants
Context:
The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday. The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil <t>giants</t> in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised analysts. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=giant%1:05:00:: | definition=any creature of exceptional size
2. sense_key=giant%1:18:01:: | definition=a person of exceptional importance and reputation | synonyms=colossus, behemoth, heavyweight, titan
3. sense_key=giant%1:14:00:: | definition=an unusually large enterprise | examples=Walton built a retail giant
4. sense_key=giant%1:18:03:: | definition=a very large person; impressive in size or qualities | synonyms=hulk, heavyweight, whale
5. sense_key=giant%1:18:00:: | definition=someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful | synonyms=goliath, behemoth, monster, colossus
6. sense_key=giant%1:18:02:: | definition=an imaginary figure of superhuman size and strength; appears in folklore and fairy tales
7. sense_key=giant%1:17:00:: | definition=a very bright star of large diameter and low density (relative to the Sun) | synonyms=giant star

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "giants" in the context "American oil giants".
It refers to large and powerful companies (oil companies).
Sense 3: "an unusually large enterprise" with example "Walton built a retail giant". This fits perfectly for "oil giants".
Sense 2: "a person of exceptional importance and reputation". Not a person.
Sense 1: "any creature of exceptional size". Not a creature.
Sense 4: "a very large person". Not a person.
Sense 5: "someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful". Could be a something, but 3 is more specific to enterprises.
Sense 6: "an imaginary figure". No.
Sense 7: "a very bright star". No.

Therefore, sense 3 is the best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: analyst
Target surface form: analysts
Context:
The 10 deals the Iraqi Oil Ministry reached with foreign oil companies suggest that China, Russia and European oil firms are poised to play a major role in refurbishing Iraq's oil industry, crippled by decades of war and sanctions. American companies walked away with stakes in just two of the 10 auctioned fields. Seven American companies had paid to participate in the second auction, which began Friday. The only one that submitted a bid lost. Two American companies reached deals for fields auctioned in June. The meager representation of American oil giants in Iraq's opening oil industry surprised <t>analysts</t>. Iraq finally opened its doors after six years of war, and instead of U.S. companies, you have Asians and Europeans leading the way, said Ruba Husari, the editor of Iraq Oil Forum, an online news outlet.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=analyst%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who is skilled at analyzing data
2. sense_key=analyst%1:18:02:: | definition=an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions
3. sense_key=analyst%1:18:01:: | definition=a licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis | synonyms=psychoanalyst

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context discusses oil industry deals, business analysts, financial patterns, etc. The "analysts" here are people who study financial and business data in the context of the oil industry. This matches sense 2: "an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions".