[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
How does Cerenia work? Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the <t>treatment</t> or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again).

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "treatment" in the context: "both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection..."

The context is about medical care for dogs - specifically administering medicine (Cerenia) to relieve vomiting.

Sense 1: care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) - synonyms: intervention
Sense 2: the management of someone or something - synonyms: handling
Sense 3: a manner of dealing with something artistically
Sense 4: an extended communication dealing with some particular topic

The context is clearly medical - treating vomiting in dogs with medicine/injections. This matches sense 1, which specifically mentions medical procedures intended to relieve illness.

provider: Chutes


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The <t>treatment</t> of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "treatment" in the context: "The <t>treatment</t> of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection..."

This refers to medical treatment/care provided to improve a situation (medical procedures intended to relieve illness). The dog is vomiting and needs medical intervention.

Sense 1: care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention

This fits perfectly. The treatment of a vomiting dog refers to medical intervention.

Sense 2: the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling - This is more general, like handling prisoners or water sewage.

Sense 3: artistic treatment - not applicable.

Sense 4: discussion/discourse - not applicable.

The answer is sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Alibaba

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dog
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting <t>dog</t> should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about veterinary medicine, dogs as animal patients, vomiting dogs, etc. The word "dog" refers to the domesticated animal.

provider: Baidu


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: start
Target surface form: started
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be <t>started</t> with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=start%2:30:00:: | definition=take the first step or steps in carrying out an action | synonyms=get down, begin, get, start out, set about, set out | examples=We began working at dawn; Who will start?
2. sense_key=start%2:30:01:: | definition=set in motion, cause to start | synonyms=begin, lead off, commence | examples=The U.S. started a war in the Middle East; The Iraqis began hostilities
3. sense_key=start%2:38:02:: | definition=leave | synonyms=depart, part, start out, set forth, set off, set out | examples=The family took off for Florida
4. sense_key=start%2:42:00:: | definition=have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense | synonyms=begin | examples=The DMZ begins right over the hill; The second movement begins after the Allegro
5. sense_key=start%2:36:00:: | definition=bring into being | synonyms=originate, initiate | examples=He initiated a new program; Start a foundation
6. sense_key=start%2:36:01:: | definition=get off the ground | synonyms=start up, embark on, commence | examples=Who started this company?; We embarked on an exciting enterprise
7. sense_key=start%2:38:04:: | definition=move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm | synonyms=startle, jump | examples=She startled when I walked into the room
8. sense_key=start%2:38:01:: | definition=get going or set in motion | synonyms=start up | examples=We simply could not start the engine; start up the computer
9. sense_key=start%2:38:00:: | definition=begin or set in motion | synonyms=go, get going | examples=I start at eight in the morning; Ready, set, go!
10. sense_key=start%2:41:00:: | definition=begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job | synonyms=take up | examples=Take up a position; start a new job
11. sense_key=start%2:33:00:: | definition=play in the starting lineup
12. sense_key=start%2:42:03:: | definition=have a beginning characterized in some specified way | synonyms=begin | examples=The novel begins with a murder; My property begins with the three maple trees
13. sense_key=start%2:41:04:: | definition=begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object | synonyms=begin | examples=begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot
14. sense_key=start%2:38:03:: | definition=bulge outward | synonyms=protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out | examples=His eyes popped

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "started" in the context: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection..."

Here, "started" means to begin the treatment, to take the first step in carrying out the action of treatment.

Sense 1: "take the first step or steps in carrying out an action" - examples: "We began working at dawn; Who will start?"
This fits well: "The treatment... should be started with the injection" means the first step in carrying out the treatment should be the injection.

Sense 2: "set in motion, cause to start" - examples: "The U.S. started a war..."
This is more about causing something to start, like initiating an event/conflict.

Sense 5: "bring into being" - examples: "He initiated a new program; Start a foundation"
This is about creating something new.

Sense 6: "get off the ground" - examples: "Who started this company?"
This is about establishing/founding something.

Sense 13: "begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object" - examples: "begin a cigar; She started the soup while it was still hot"
This could potentially fit since "treatment" is the object, but the examples are more about consuming/using something.

Sense 1 seems the best fit. "The treatment should be started" = "The treatment should be begun" = taking the first step in carrying out the treatment action. The synonyms include "begin" which fits perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: injection
Target surface form: injection
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the <t>injection</t>, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=injection%1:04:00:: | definition=the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
2. sense_key=injection%1:27:00:: | definition=any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
3. sense_key=injection%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "injection" in the context of veterinary medicine, specifically treating a vomiting dog with Cerenia.
The sentence is: "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down"
Here, "injection" refers to the act of injecting a liquid medicine into the body, or the solution injected.
Sense 1: the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure (e.g., fuel injection)
Sense 2: any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant
Sense 3: the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe | synonyms=shot | examples=the nurse gave him a flu shot

"started with the injection" - could it be the solution or the act?
"receive the medicine" ... "received a placebo"
Usually "the injection" in medical contexts refers to the act or the specific injected medication. "started with the injection" refers to the method of administration. Wait, "a shot" in sense 3.
Let's see the synonyms for sense 3: "shot". "Give him a flu shot".
Wait, sense 2 is "any solution that is injected (as into the skin) | synonyms=injectant".
Sense 3 is "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe".
Is "injection" here an act or a substance? "started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down". This contrasts "injection" with "tablet", which are both forms of medication or methods of administration.
"tablet" is a form of medication (pill).
"injectant" is any solution that is injected.
If we consider "injection" as the solution injected, sense 2 fits. Wait, "injection" can mean the solution. "the nurse gave him a flu shot" - shot can mean the liquid.
But WordNet sense 3: "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe".
Let's check WordNet 3.0:
Noun
1. injection -- (the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure; "the injection of fuel into the engine")
2. injectant, injection -- (any solution that is injected (as into the skin))
3. injection, shot -- (the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe; "the nurse gave him a flu shot")

In "started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down", the word "injection" is used to refer to the method of administration (getting a shot vs swallowing a tablet).
Wait, could it be sense 2? "the injection" as the solution. But "tablet" is also a solution/pill.
If someone says "take an injection", it might refer to the solution.
But "shot" is synonymous with "injection" as the act of putting a liquid into the body. "give him a flu shot" -> act of giving.
Is "injection" the act or the solution here? "The treatment ... should be started with the injection". It refers to the medicine in its injected form, or the act. Both sense 2 and 3 are plausible. Let's look at the synonyms. Sense 3: "shot". Sense 2: "injectant".
Often, when contrasting with a tablet, "injection" means the act or the event. "give him an injection" -> the act.
Let's lean towards sense 3. "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe".
Wait, "started with the injection" means "started with the injected medicine".
Let's re-read the context. "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down"
"the injection" = the act of injecting or the injected substance.
Is "injection" an injectant in WordNet? "any solution that is injected (as into the skin)".
Is "injection" the shot in WordNet? "the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe".
Since Cerenia is a medicine, "the injection" might mean the injected form of Cerenia. But the definition for sense 2 says "any solution that is injected".
I will go with 3, as "shot" is a very common synonym for medical injection, and the contrast "injection" vs "tablet" represents the method of delivery (shot vs pill).
Wait, "the treatment ... should be started with the injection".
If I say "started with a shot", "shot" is sense 3.
Let's consider sense 3 as the best fit for medical injection (like a flu shot).
Wait, WordNet sense 2 "injectant" is rare. Sense 3 is the common medical sense. "the nurse gave him a flu shot".
Therefore, sense 3 is the right choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: able
Target surface form: able
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be <t>able</t> to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=able%3:00:00:: | definition=(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something | examples=able to swim; she was able to program her computer
2. sense_key=able%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=have the skills and qualifications to do things well | synonyms=capable | examples=able teachers; a capable administrator
3. sense_key=able%5:00:00:capable:00 | definition=having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity | examples=able to learn; human beings are able to walk on two feet
4. sense_key=able%5:00:00:fit:01 | definition=having a strong healthy body | synonyms=able-bodied | examples=an able seaman; every able-bodied young man served in the army

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "able" in the context: "vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down".
The phrase "able to keep a tablet down" refers to the physical capacity or ability to retain the tablet in the stomach (not vomit it up).
Sense 1: "having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something" (e.g., "able to swim"). This is the most general sense, often used with "able to [verb]".
Sense 3: "having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity" (e.g., "able to learn; human beings are able to walk on two feet"). This relates to physical/mental capacity.
The context is about an animal's physical capacity to keep a tablet down (i.e., not throw it up). Does it fit sense 1 or sense 3?
"able to keep a tablet down" implies the physical capacity to do so.
Sense 1 usually implies means, skill, know-how, or authority. Keeping a tablet down isn't a skill or know-how.
Sense 3 explicitly mentions "inherent physical... ability or capacity". The animal physically cannot keep the tablet down due to vomiting.
Let's check Sense 1 examples: "able to swim" (skill), "able to program her computer" (skill/know-how).
Let's check Sense 3 examples: "able to learn", "able to walk on two feet". "Keep a tablet down" is closer to a physical capacity (like walking) than a skill (like swimming or programming).
Therefore, Sense 3 fits best.

Wait, is "able to" usually mapped to Sense 1 in WSD? "usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something".
Let's re-read the definition of Sense 1: "(usually followed by `to') having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something".
Sense 3: "having inherent physical or mental ability or capacity".
Since the animal is vomiting, it lacks the physical capacity. "might not be able to keep a tablet down". This is definitely about physical capacity.
So Sense 3 seems highly appropriate.
I will choose Sense 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tablet
Target surface form: tablet
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a <t>tablet</t> down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge | synonyms=pad, pad of paper
3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about a veterinary medicine called Cerenia, given to dogs to prevent vomiting. The text mentions "might not be able to keep a tablet down" and "administer the tablets to the dog." This clearly refers to a dose of medicine in pill form.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: intact
Target surface form: intact
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the <t>intact</t> tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:whole:00 | definition=constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged; - Bacon | synonyms=integral, entire | examples=a local motion keepeth bodies integral; was able to keep the collection entire during his lifetime
2. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:uninjured:00 | definition=(of a woman) having the hymen unbroken | synonyms=inviolate | examples=she was intact, virginal
3. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:uncastrated:00 | definition=(used of domestic animals) sexually competent | synonyms=entire | examples=an entire horse
4. sense_key=intact%5:00:00:undamaged:00 | definition=undamaged in any way | examples=the vase remained intact despit rough handling

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a vomiting dog that might throw the "intact" tablet up again. The tablet is whole, not broken or dissolved. The sense that fits best is "undamaged in any way" (sense 4) or "constituting the undiminished entirety" (sense 1).

Looking at the context: the dog might throw the intact tablet up - meaning the tablet hasn't been broken down or dissolved, it remains whole/undamaged.

Sense 1: "constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged" - examples about bodies integral, collection entire.
Sense 4: "undamaged in any way" - example "the vase remained intact despite rough handling"

The tablet being thrown up intact means it hasn't been damaged or broken down. Both senses 1 and 4 could apply. However, the key aspect is that the tablet is undamaged/not broken, which aligns more with sense 4 (undamaged in any way). The tablet remains whole and undamaged.

Sense 1 focuses on "entirety" and "lacking nothing essential." Sense 4 focuses on "undamaged."

In this context, the point is that the tablet is still whole, not broken or dissolved - it's undamaged. I think sense 4 fits well here, though sense 1 could also work.

Let me think more carefully. "They might throw the intact tablet up again" - the tablet is still in one piece, whole, not dissolved or broken down. This is about the tablet being whole/entire, not damaged.

Sense 1: "constituting the undiminished entirety; lacking nothing essential especially not damaged" - this seems to be about completeness/wholeness
Sense 4: "undamaged in any way" - this seems to be about not being damaged

Both could work, but I think sense 4 is the more general and appropriate sense here. The tablet hasn't been damaged or broken down in the digestive process.

Actually, looking more carefully at sense 1's examples - "a local motion keepeth bodies integral" and "was able to keep the collection entire during his lifetime" - these are about keeping something whole/complete. The tablet being "intact" means it's still whole, not broken apart.

I think either sense 1 or sense 4 could work. The distinction between them is subtle. Sense 4 "undamaged in any way" with the example "the vase remained intact despite rough handling" seems closer - the tablet remained intact (whole, not dissolved) despite going through the dog's system.

I'll go with sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tablet
Target surface form: tablet
Context:
Cerenia blocks a neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor, which acts in the central nervous system. How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact <t>tablet</t> up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge | synonyms=pad, pad of paper
3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about a veterinary medicine called Cerenia. It mentions giving a "tablet" to a dog, as a form of medicine that the dog might throw up. This is clearly a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet (sense 4).

provider: SiliconFlow


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: follow-up
Target surface form: follow-up
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For <t>follow-up</t> treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=follow-up%1:06:00:: | definition=a piece of work that exploits or builds on earlier work | examples=his new software is a follow-up to the programs they started with
2. sense_key=follow-up%1:04:01:: | definition=an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done
3. sense_key=follow-up%1:04:00:: | definition=a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment | synonyms=reexamination, review

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "follow-up" used in the context of veterinary treatment. The sentence is: "For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."

Sense 1: a piece of work that exploits or builds on earlier work (e.g., software).
Sense 2: an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done.
Sense 3: a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment | synonyms=reexamination, review.

The context refers to medical treatment. It says "The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection... For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."
This is clearly a medical context about continuing treatment after an initial treatment (injection). Sense 3 mentions "a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment". However, "follow-up treatment" here doesn't seem to be just an "examination" (reexamination, review), but rather the continuation of treatment.
Let's look at Sense 2: "an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done." The injection starts the treatment, and the tablets continue the treatment.
But Sense 3 is specifically medical: "a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment".
Wait, "follow-up treatment" in medicine often refers to subsequent treatment after the primary treatment. While Sense 3's definition says "examination", its synonyms "reexamination, review" fit the medical domain.
However, "follow-up treatment" is administering tablets, which is an activity that continues something that has already begun (the injection). Is Sense 3 strictly "examination"? "a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment".
Let's re-evaluate Sense 2 vs Sense 3.
Sense 2 definition: "an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done". Giving tablets is an activity that continues the treatment begun by the injection.
Sense 3 definition: "a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment". The text says "For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog." Administering tablets is not an examination.
But wait, medical "follow-up" often implies Sense 3, even if the word "treatment" is attached to "follow-up" as a compound noun or phrase "follow-up treatment". Let's consider if Sense 3 applies to "follow-up treatment". In medical contexts, "follow-up" is strongly associated with Sense 3.
Wait! "follow-up treatment" means a subsequent treatment, which fits Sense 2's "an activity that continues something that has already begun". Let's see if WordNet has another sense. No, only 3 senses are provided.
Actually, Sense 3 is "a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment". But here, the follow-up IS the treatment (tablets). "For follow-up treatment" means "For the treatment that follows up".
Is it Sense 2? "an activity that continues something that has already begun". Yes, giving tablets continues the treatment started with an injection.
Let's search for "follow-up treatment" in WordNet. WordNet does not have "follow-up treatment" as a lemma. "follow-up" is the lemma.
Sense 3 is "a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment".
Sense 2 is "an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done".
If the patient is given tablets, it is an activity that continues the treatment. It is not an examination.
Therefore, Sense 2 is the most accurate for "follow-up treatment".
Wait, let's think about medical follow-up. Does "follow-up" in medical contexts always mean Sense 3, even when referring to treatment?
Sense 3 synonyms: reexamination, review.
Sense 2 definition: an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done.
I will choose Sense 2. Wait, I should be careful. "follow-up treatment" in a medical text. Let me search my knowledge base.
If the target is "follow-up" in "follow-up treatment", does it mean a piece of work (1), an activity that continues something (2), or a subsequent examination (3)?
"follow-up" as an activity that continues something already begun fits the continuation of the medical treatment (from injection to tablets). Sense 3 specifically says "examination of a patient". Administering tablets is not an examination. So Sense 2 is better.

Let me double check. "follow-up%1:04:01::" vs "follow-up%1:04:00::".
1:04 is the noun.act domain.
1:06 is noun.artifact domain. So 2 and 3 are acts.
Sense 2: an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done.
Sense 3: a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment.
If "follow-up" modifies "treatment", then "follow-up" is the act of following up. Giving tablets is an activity that continues the treatment that has already begun (with the injection). It is not an examination.
I will bet on Sense 2.

Wait! What if "follow-up" in "follow-up treatment" is Sense 3, because "follow-up treatment" is considered "treatment during a follow-up visit"? Even so, the text says "the animal owner can administer the tablets". This is an activity.
Let's consider the phrase "follow-up treatment". It means treatment given after the initial treatment. This perfectly matches Sense 2: "an activity that continues something that has already begun".

Let me review the definition of Sense 3: "a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment". The context says "For follow-up treatment...". It is explicitly a treatment, not an examination. So Sense 2 is definitely the right choice.

Sense 2: an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done.
Index 2.

Let me re-read carefully.
1. follow-up%1:06:00:: | a piece of work that exploits or builds on earlier work
2. follow-up%1:04:01:: | an activity that continues something that has already begun or that repeats something that has already been done
3. follow-up%1:04:00:: | a subsequent examination of a patient for the purpose of monitoring earlier treatment

"follow-up treatment" = activity that continues treatment.
Yes, Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up <t>treatment</t>, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "treatment" appears in the context: "For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog." This refers to medical care provided to improve the dog's health situation, specifically administering medication.

Sense 1: care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) - this fits perfectly with medical treatment of a vomiting dog.

Sense 2: the management of someone or something - examples are about prisoners and water sewage, not medical.

Sense 3: a manner of dealing with something artistically - not relevant here.

Sense 4: an extended communication dealing with some particular topic - not relevant here.

The best sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: owner
Target surface form: owner
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal <t>owner</t> can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=owner%1:18:00:: | definition=(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business | synonyms=proprietor | examples=he is the owner of a chain of restaurants
2. sense_key=owner%1:18:02:: | definition=a person who owns something | synonyms=possessor | examples=they are searching for the owner of the car; who is the owner of that friendly smile?

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "owner" in the context of "animal owner" - referring to a person who owns a pet/animal.
Sense 1: (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business - proprietor - "he is the owner of a chain of restaurants"
Sense 2: a person who owns something - possessor - "they are searching for the owner of the car; who is the owner of that friendly smile?"

The context refers to an "animal owner" - someone who owns a pet. This is not about owning a business. Sense 2 is the general sense of owning something, which fits "animal owner" better.

Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: administer
Target surface form: administer
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can <t>administer</t> the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=administer%2:41:00:: | definition=work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of | synonyms=administrate | examples=administer a program; she administers the funds
2. sense_key=administer%2:40:01:: | definition=perform (a church sacrament) ritually | examples=administer the last unction
3. sense_key=administer%2:40:00:: | definition=administer or bestow, as in small portions | synonyms=distribute, mete out, deal, parcel out, lot, dispense | examples=administer critical remarks to everyone present; dole out some money
4. sense_key=administer%2:29:00:: | definition=give or apply (medications) | synonyms=dispense
5. sense_key=administer%2:41:01:: | definition=direct the taking of | examples=administer an exam; administer an oath

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "administer" is used in the context: "the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog."
This means giving medication (tablets) to the dog.
Looking at the candidate senses:
1. work in an administrative capacity; supervise or be in charge of
2. perform (a church sacrament) ritually
3. administer or bestow, as in small portions
4. give or apply (medications) | synonyms=dispense
5. direct the taking of

Sense 4 is "give or apply (medications)" which perfectly matches giving tablets (medication) to a dog.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: tablet
Target surface form: tablets
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the <t>tablets</t> to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=tablet%1:06:02:: | definition=a slab of stone or wood suitable for bearing an inscription
2. sense_key=tablet%1:27:00:: | definition=a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge | synonyms=pad, pad of paper
3. sense_key=tablet%1:06:01:: | definition=a small flat compressed cake of some substance | examples=a tablet of soap
4. sense_key=tablet%1:06:00:: | definition=a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet | synonyms=pill, lozenge, tab

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a medicine called Cerenia, which is used to treat vomiting in dogs. The text mentions "administer the tablets to the dog" as a follow-up treatment. This clearly refers to a dose of medicine in pill form.

Looking at the candidate senses:
1. A slab of stone or wood - not relevant
2. Sheets of paper fastened together - not relevant
3. A small flat compressed cake of some substance (e.g., tablet of soap) - could be medicine, but the example is soap
4. A dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet - synonyms: pill, lozenge, tab - this is the correct sense for medicine tablets

The answer is sense 4.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: dog
Target surface form: dog
Context:
How has Cerenia been studied? A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the <t>dog</t>. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=dog%1:05:00:: | definition=a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds | synonyms=domestic dog, Canis familiaris | examples=the dog barked all night
2. sense_key=dog%1:18:01:: | definition=a dull unattractive unpleasant girl or woman | synonyms=frump | examples=she got a reputation as a frump; she's a real dog
3. sense_key=dog%1:18:00:: | definition=informal term for a man | examples=you lucky dog
4. sense_key=dog%1:18:02:: | definition=someone who is morally reprehensible | synonyms=cad, bounder, blackguard, hound, heel | examples=you dirty dog
5. sense_key=dog%1:13:01:: | definition=a smooth-textured sausage of minced beef or pork usually smoked; often served on a bread roll | synonyms=frank, frankfurter, hotdog, wiener, wienerwurst, weenie
6. sense_key=dog%1:06:00:: | definition=a hinged catch that fits into a notch of a ratchet to move a wheel forward or prevent it from moving backward | synonyms=pawl, detent, click
7. sense_key=dog%1:06:01:: | definition=metal supports for logs in a fireplace | synonyms=andiron, firedog, dog-iron | examples=the andirons were too hot to touch

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about veterinary medicine for dogs, discussing treatment of vomiting in dogs. The target word "dog" refers to the animal. Sense 1 is the domestic dog.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the <t>treatment</t> of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "treatment" in the context: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

The context is clearly about medical treatment for vomiting in dogs.
Sense 1: "care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)" - synonyms=intervention
Sense 2: "the management of someone or something" - synonyms=handling
Sense 3: "a manner of dealing with something artistically"
Sense 4: "an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic"

Sense 1 fits perfectly as it explicitly refers to medical procedures intended to relieve illness or injury.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: only
Target surface form: only
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should <t>only</t> be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=only%4:02:02:: | definition=and nothing more | synonyms=merely, simply, just, but | examples=I was merely asking; it is simply a matter of time
2. sense_key=only%4:02:01:: | definition=without any others being included or involved | synonyms=entirely, exclusively, solely, alone | examples=was entirely to blame; a school devoted entirely to the needs of problem children
3. sense_key=only%4:02:00:: | definition=with nevertheless the final result | examples=He arrived only to find his wife dead; We won only to lose again in the next round
4. sense_key=only%4:02:04:: | definition=in the final outcome | examples=These news will only make you more upset
5. sense_key=only%4:02:06:: | definition=except that | examples=It was the same story; only this time she came out better
6. sense_key=only%4:02:03:: | definition=never except when | synonyms=only if, only when | examples=call me only if your cold gets worse
7. sense_key=only%4:02:05:: | definition=as recently as | examples=I spoke to him only an hour ago

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
Looking at the context: "the treatment of vomiting should **only** be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy"

Here, "only" is restrictive, meaning the treatment should be *exclusively* or *solely* conducted together with other supportive measures—not in isolation. This matches the sense meaning "without any others being included or involved" with synonyms like "exclusively, solely, alone."

{"sense_index": 2}

reasoning_content:
The target word is "only" in the sentence: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

Let me analyze the context. The sentence says that the treatment of vomiting should ONLY be together with other supportive measures. This means exclusively, solely - the treatment should be done together with other measures and not in isolation. It's restricting the treatment to being accompanied by other supportive measures.

Sense 2: "without any others being included or involved" with synonyms "entirely, exclusively, solely, alone" - This fits well because the text is saying the treatment should exclusively be together with other supportive measures (i.e., not alone, only in conjunction with other therapies).

Sense 1: "and nothing more" with synonyms "merely, simply, just, but" - This would mean "just be together with other supportive measures" which doesn't quite fit as well.

The sentence is emphasizing that treatment should be exclusively/solely done together with other supportive measures. This aligns with sense 2.

Wait, let me reconsider. "The treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure" - this means the treatment should ONLY be (done) together with other supportive measures. It's saying exclusively - the treatment should be conducted only in combination with other measures, not by itself.

Sense 2 seems correct: "without any others being included or involved" - though the definition is a bit tricky. The synonyms "exclusively, solely, alone" match the meaning here.

Actually, let me reconsider sense 1 vs sense 2 more carefully.

Sense 1: "and nothing more" - merely, simply, just, but
- "The treatment should merely/simply/just be together with other supportive measures"

Sense 2: "without any others being included or involved" - entirely, exclusively, solely, alone
- "The treatment should exclusively/solely be together with other supportive measures"

The meaning here is that the treatment should be done exclusively in conjunction with other supportive measures - not that it's "just" or "merely" together with them (which would be dismissive). The intent is restrictive: the treatment should only (exclusively) be done together with other measures.

Sense 2 fits better.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with <t>other</t> supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "other" in the phrase "other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy".
Context: "the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

Here, "other" means "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" (Cerenia itself being the mentioned treatment, so "other" supportive measures).
Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - fits perfectly.

Let's check the other senses.
Sense 2: recently past (the other evening) - incorrect.
Sense 3: belonging to the distant past - incorrect.
Sense 4: very unusual - incorrect.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: measure
Target surface form: measure
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive <t>measure</t> or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=measure%1:04:01:: | definition=any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal | synonyms=step | examples=the situation called for strong measures; the police took steps to reduce crime
2. sense_key=measure%1:03:00:: | definition=how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify | synonyms=quantity, amount
3. sense_key=measure%1:10:02:: | definition=a statute in draft before it becomes law | synonyms=bill | examples=they held a public hearing on the bill
4. sense_key=measure%1:04:00:: | definition=the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule | synonyms=measurement, measuring, mensuration | examples=the measurements were carefully done; his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate
5. sense_key=measure%1:10:03:: | definition=a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated | synonyms=standard, criterion, touchstone | examples=the schools comply with federal standards; they set the measure for all subsequent work
6. sense_key=measure%1:10:01:: | definition=(prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse | synonyms=meter, metre, beat, cadence
7. sense_key=measure%1:10:00:: | definition=musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats | synonyms=bar | examples=the orchestra omitted the last twelve bars of the song
8. sense_key=measure%1:06:00:: | definition=measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements | synonyms=measuring stick, measuring rod
9. sense_key=measure%1:06:01:: | definition=a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

"Supportive measure" here means an action or maneuver taken as part of progress toward a goal (treating the dog). This fits sense 1: "any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal" with synonyms like "step" and examples like "the situation called for strong measures."

Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: other
Target surface form: other
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or <t>other</t> veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=other%3:00:00:: | definition=not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied; - the White Queen | examples=today isn't any other day; the construction of highways and other public works
2. sense_key=other%5:00:00:past:00 | definition=recently past | examples=the other evening
3. sense_key=other%5:00:02:past:00 | definition=belonging to the distant past | synonyms=early, former | examples=the early inhabitants of Europe; former generations
4. sense_key=other%5:00:00:strange:00 | definition=very unusual; different in character or quality from the normal or expected; - Lance Morrow | examples=a strange, other dimension...where his powers seemed to fail

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "other" in the context: "the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

Here, "other veterinary therapy" means veterinary therapy that is not the same as the one already mentioned (Cerenia treatment). It's referring to additional/different therapy.

Sense 1: "not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied" - this fits perfectly. "Other supportive measure" and "other veterinary therapy" means supportive measures and veterinary therapy besides the Cerenia treatment already discussed.

Sense 2: "recently past" - doesn't fit.
Sense 3: "belonging to the distant past" - doesn't fit.
Sense 4: "very unusual; different in character or quality" - doesn't fit.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: address
Target surface form: addressing
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while <t>addressing</t> the underlying causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=address%2:32:00:: | definition=speak to | synonyms=turn to | examples=He addressed the crowd outside the window
2. sense_key=address%2:32:02:: | definition=give a speech to | synonyms=speak | examples=The chairman addressed the board of trustees
3. sense_key=address%2:32:03:: | definition=put an address on (an envelope) | synonyms=direct
4. sense_key=address%2:33:00:: | definition=direct a question at someone
5. sense_key=address%2:34:00:: | definition=address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question
6. sense_key=address%2:41:08:: | definition=greet, as with a prescribed form, title, or name | synonyms=call | examples=He always addresses me with `Sir'; Call me Mister
7. sense_key=address%2:40:00:: | definition=access or locate by address
8. sense_key=address%2:32:04:: | definition=act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression | synonyms=cover, treat, handle, plow, deal | examples=This book deals with incest; The course covered all of Western Civilization
9. sense_key=address%2:32:01:: | definition=speak to someone | synonyms=accost, come up to
10. sense_key=address%2:30:00:: | definition=adjust and aim (a golf ball) at in preparation of hitting

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

Here, "addressing" means dealing with or tackling the underlying causes. This aligns with sense 8: "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" with synonyms like "cover, treat, handle, deal". However, sense 5: "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question" also fits well.

Let me think more carefully. Sense 8 is about covering/treating a topic in speech or writing. Sense 5 is about applying oneself to something, directing efforts towards something. In this context, "addressing the underlying causes" means dealing with or tackling the underlying causes - directing efforts towards resolving the underlying causes. This seems more like sense 5 than sense 8, because sense 8 is specifically about verbal/artistic expression (like a book dealing with a topic).

But wait, sense 8's definition says "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" which seems more about discussing/treating a topic. The context here is about practically dealing with underlying causes, not just discussing them.

Sense 5 says "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something, such as a question" - this fits the context of addressing (tackling) the underlying causes of vomiting.

Actually, let me reconsider. In common usage, "addressing the underlying causes" means dealing with or treating them. Sense 8 has synonyms like "deal, handle, treat" which closely match this usage. But the definition specifically says "act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression" which doesn't quite fit.

Sense 5's definition "address or apply oneself to something, direct one's efforts towards something" fits better for the practical action of dealing with underlying causes.

I'll go with sense 5.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: underlying
Target surface form: underlying
Context:
A large number of studies with Cerenia were carried out either in laboratory dogs or in animal patients at veterinary practises in several European countries and in the USA. What benefit has Cerenia shown during the studies? The results of the studies showed that Cerenia was more effective than the placebo: less vomiting was seen in dogs that received the medicine than in dogs that received a placebo, both in the treatment or in the prevention of vomiting. The treatment of a vomiting dog should be started with the injection, since vomiting animals might not be able to keep a tablet down (as they might throw the intact tablet up again). For follow-up treatment, the animal owner can administer the tablets to the dog. Also, the treatment of vomiting should only be together with other supportive measure or other veterinary therapy while addressing the <t>underlying</t> causes of the vomiting. What is the risk associated with Cerenia?

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:implicit:00 | definition=in the nature of something though not readily apparent | synonyms=implicit in, inherent | examples=shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning
2. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:subjacent:00 | definition=located beneath or below
3. sense_key=underlying%5:00:00:basic:00 | definition=being or involving basic facts or principles | synonyms=fundamental, rudimentary | examples=the fundamental laws of the universe; a fundamental incomatibility between them

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "underlying" in the context: "addressing the underlying causes of the vomiting."

The phrase "underlying causes" refers to the root or fundamental causes of the vomiting - the primary disease or condition that is causing the symptom (vomiting).

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. implicit in, inherent - "in the nature of something though not readily apparent" (examples: shortcomings inherent in our approach; an underlying meaning)
2. subjacent - "located beneath or below"
3. fundamental, rudimentary - "being or involving basic facts or principles" (examples: the fundamental laws of the universe; a fundamental incompatibility between them)

Sense 2 is clearly wrong as it refers to physical location beneath something.

Sense 1 refers to something implicit or inherent, not readily apparent. While "underlying causes" might not be readily apparent, this sense is more about something being an inherent part of something else (like shortcomings inherent in an approach).

Sense 3 refers to basic facts or principles, with synonyms "fundamental" and "rudimentary." The phrase "underlying causes" is very close to "fundamental causes" - the root or basic cause behind the symptom.

The phrase "underlying causes" is a common collocation in medical contexts, referring to the root cause or primary condition causing symptoms. This aligns best with sense 3 (fundamental/basic), as it refers to the basic or fundamental cause of the vomiting.

So the answer is sense 3.