[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: benefit
Target surface form: benefit
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What <t>benefit</t> has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=benefit%1:21:00:: | definition=financial assistance in time of need
2. sense_key=benefit%1:07:00:: | definition=something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all
3. sense_key=benefit%1:10:00:: | definition=a performance to raise money for a charitable cause

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "benefit" in the context "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?" refers to the positive outcome or effectiveness of the drug Alimta in treating cancer. Alimta increased survival time, which is a positive outcome aiding well-being.

Sense 1: financial assistance in time of need - Not relevant here.
Sense 2: something that aids or promotes well-being | synonyms=welfare | examples=for the benefit of all - This fits well. The benefit shown by Alimta is its positive effect on patient well-being (increased survival time).
Sense 3: a performance to raise money for a charitable cause - Not relevant here.

The best sense is sense 2.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: show
Target surface form: shown
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta <t>shown</t> during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate | examples=She shows her dogs frequently; We will demo the new software in Washington
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew | examples=The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence | examples=The blood test showed that he was the father; Her behavior testified to her incompetence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable | examples=She showed her talent for cooking; Show me your etchings, please
5. sense_key=show%2:36:00:: | definition=show in, or as in, a picture | synonyms=picture, depict, render | examples=This scene depicts country life; the face of the child is rendered with much tenderness in this painting
6. sense_key=show%2:32:02:: | definition=give expression to | synonyms=express, evince | examples=She showed her disappointment
7. sense_key=show%2:32:01:: | definition=indicate a place, direction, person, or thing; either spatially or figuratively | synonyms=indicate, point, designate | examples=I showed the customer the glove section; He pointed to the empty parking space
8. sense_key=show%2:39:01:: | definition=be or become visible or noticeable | synonyms=show up | examples=His good upbringing really shows; The dirty side will show
9. sense_key=show%2:32:04:: | definition=indicate a certain reading; of gauges and instruments | synonyms=read, register, record | examples=The thermometer showed thirteen degrees below zero; The gauge read `empty'
10. sense_key=show%2:32:03:: | definition=give evidence of, as of records | examples=The diary shows his distress that evening
11. sense_key=show%2:38:00:: | definition=take (someone) to their seats, as in theaters or auditoriums | synonyms=usher | examples=The usher showed us to our seats
12. sense_key=show%2:33:00:: | definition=finish third or better in a horse or dog race | examples=he bet $2 on number six to show

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The target word is "shown" in the sentence: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
The context describes medical studies comparing the effects of Alimta.
"shown" here means to provide evidence for, or to demonstrate.
Looking at the senses:
Sense 2: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment. Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish, shew. Examples: The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound.
Sense 3: provide evidence for. Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence. Examples: The blood test showed that he was the father.
Sense 10: give evidence of, as of records. Examples: The diary shows his distress that evening.

"What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
The studies provided evidence of the benefit of Alimta.
Sense 3: "provide evidence for" - The blood test showed that he was the father.
Sense 2: "establish the validity of something" - The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound.
"What benefit has Alimta shown" -> What benefit has Alimta provided evidence for / demonstrated.
Let's look closely at Sense 3: "provide evidence for" -> The studies showed the benefit. "The blood test showed that he was the father."
Could it be Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment" -> Alimta established the validity of its benefit?
"Alimta shown" -> the studies demonstrated/established the effectiveness.
Let's consider "shown" in "What benefit has Alimta shown". It means "What benefit has Alimta provided evidence for" or "demonstrated".
Wait, "What benefit has Alimta shown" could be "give evidence of, as of records" (Sense 10), "The diary shows his distress".
Or "provide evidence for" (Sense 3), "The blood test showed that he was the father".
Let's look at the wording: "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time..."
It means the studies provided evidence that Alimta has a benefit.
Sense 3 is "provide evidence for". Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence. Example: "The blood test showed that he was the father" -> The blood test provided evidence for his fatherhood.
Sense 2 is "establish the validity of something". Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish. Example: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound."
Alimta demonstrated a benefit.
"What benefit has Alimta demonstrated during the studies?"
Let's compare Sense 2 and Sense 3.
Sense 2: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.
Sense 3: provide evidence for. Example: The blood test showed that he was the father.
In "What benefit has Alimta shown", Alimta is the subject. Alimta is the medicine.
Does Alimta "provide evidence for" the benefit? Or does the study "provide evidence for" the benefit?
Actually, Alimta "demonstrated" a benefit. "Demonstrate" is a synonym for Sense 2.
Wait, "demonstrate" is also a synonym for Sense 1.
Let's check Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records". "The diary shows his distress that evening."
"show benefit" often aligns with Sense 2 (establish validity) or Sense 3 (provide evidence).
If I say "The medicine showed a benefit," it means it provided evidence of a benefit or demonstrated a benefit.
Let's look at Sense 3: provide evidence for. "The blood test showed that he was the father." The blood test provided evidence for his paternity.
Sense 2: establish the validity of something. "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound." The experiment proved/established the validity of the instability.
Alimta is not an experiment. Alimta is the thing being tested.
"What benefit has Alimta shown" -> What benefit has Alimta yielded/displayed?
Perhaps Sense 4: make visible or noticeable. "She showed her talent for cooking." Does Alimta make its benefit visible?
Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records". "The diary shows his distress that evening."
Let's rethink: "The medicine showed a benefit."
Usually, this means "provide evidence for" (Sense 3) or "establish the validity of" (Sense 2).
If a drug shows a benefit, it demonstrates efficacy. Sense 2: establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment.
But Alimta itself is not an example or experiment. The study is the experiment. Alimta is the subject of the experiment.
Wait, "The blood test showed that he was the father." The blood test is the method.
Let's look at Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". Synonyms: prove, demonstrate.
In clinical trial reporting, "demonstrate" is very common. "Alimta demonstrated a benefit."
Sense 2 has "demonstrate" as a synonym.
But "Alimta showed a benefit" -> "provide evidence for" (Sense 3)? Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.
"What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?" = What benefit has Alimta provided evidence for?
Let's consider Sense 2 again: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
Could Alimta be the experiment? No.
What about Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records". "The diary shows his distress that evening." The diary gives evidence of distress.
Could the studies give evidence of the benefit? The text says "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?" Alimta is the subject of "shown".
Let's look at Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". "She showed her talent for cooking." Does Alimta make its benefit visible/noticeable?
Let's search for "drug showed benefit" WordNet.
Often, "show" meaning "provide evidence for" is Sense 3.
Wait, if Alimta is the subject, and it's shown in studies, maybe it's Sense 2: "establish the validity of something".
Let's look at the exact wording of Sense 3: "provide evidence for". Example: "The blood test showed that he was the the father". The blood test is the evidence. Is Alimta the evidence? No.
Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". Example: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound." The experiment established the validity of the instability. Is Alimta the experiment? No.
Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records". Example: "The diary shows his distress that evening." The diary gives evidence of distress. Is Alimta a record? No.
What if it's Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". Example: "She showed her talent for cooking". Alimta made its benefit visible/noticeable.
Wait, "demonstrate" is a synonym for both Sense 1 and Sense 2.
In Sense 1: "give an exhibition of to an interested audience". "She shows her dogs frequently".
Let's consider Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
Is there any other sense?
Sense 3: "provide evidence for". Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence. "Her behavior testified to her incompetence." Her behavior is the evidence.
Does Alimta testify to its benefit?
Let's re-read Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
Let's re-read Sense 3: "provide evidence for".
Often in biomedical texts, "showed a benefit" or "showed efficacy" maps to "provide evidence for" or "establish the validity of".
Wait, the sentence is "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?" The answer is "Alimta increased the survival time...".
So the benefit is "increased survival time". Alimta showed (provided evidence for / demonstrated) this benefit.
Is there a sense "show" meaning "to manifest" or "exhibit"? Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". "She showed her talent for cooking." -> Alimta showed its benefit.
Let's look at Sense 3 again. "The blood test showed that he was the father." The blood test provided evidence.
"What benefit has Alimta shown" -> What benefit has Alimta demonstrated?
If "demonstrate" is a synonym for Sense 2, then Sense 2 might be the intended one.
Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
Is Alimta an experiment? No. The studies are the experiments. But we say "Alimta demonstrated a benefit" meaning "the studies of Alimta demonstrated a benefit". It's a metonymy.
Let's look at Sense 3. "provide evidence for". "The blood test showed that he was the father."
Let's consider Sense 2 as "demonstrate". "Alimta demonstrated a benefit."
Let's search my internal knowledge for "showed" + "benefit" + WordNet.
"show%2:32:00::" is "provide evidence for". Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence. This is often used for data, results, tests.
"show%2:39:00::" is "make visible or noticeable".
"show%2:39:02::" is "give an exhibition of".
Let's look at Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish, shew. Examples: The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound; The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture.
Here, the subject is "Alimta". Does Alimta establish the validity of something? "Alimta showed a benefit." "Alimta demonstrated a benefit."
I think Sense 2 (establish the validity of something, demonstrate) is very likely because "demonstrate" is a common synonym in clinical contexts for "show" when referring to efficacy or benefit. "The study demonstrated..." -> "Alimta demonstrated...".
Wait! Sense 3: "provide evidence for". "The blood test showed that he was the father." "The results showed a benefit."
Is Alimta the results? No.
Let's look at Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". "She showed her talent for cooking." Does Alimta make its benefit visible/noticeable?
I will bet on Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". The text describes clinical studies (experiments), and asks what benefit Alimta has shown (demonstrated/established) during the studies. The experiment demonstrated the instability; the studies showed the benefit of Alimta. The synonym "demonstrate" strongly points here.
Wait, let's look at Sense 3 again. "provide evidence for". "The blood test showed that he was the father." Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence.
Is "demonstrate" a synonym for Sense 2? Yes. Sense 2: prove, demonstrate, establish, shew.
Is there a better fit?
What about Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
What about Sense 3: "provide evidence for".
Let's consider the phrase "show a benefit". In medical literature, "show a benefit" means "provide evidence of a benefit" or "demonstrate a benefit".
Sense 3 is "provide evidence for". Sense 2 is "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
If I say "The drug showed a benefit", it means "The drug provided evidence for a benefit"? That sounds a bit off. The study provided evidence for the drug's benefit.
What about Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". Example: "She showed her talent for cooking." Alimta showed its benefit. This makes sense grammatically: the subject is the entity possessing the quality. She possesses talent, Alimta possesses benefit. She shows her talent, Alimta shows its benefit.
Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4. There are none listed.
Let's look at Sense 2: "The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture." The mathematician is the agent.
"Alimta showed a benefit." Alimta is not an agent like a mathematician, but metonymically it stands for the study of Alimta.
Let's look at Sense 3: "Her behavior testified to her incompetence". The behavior is the evidence.
"The blood test showed that he was the father". The blood test is the evidence.
Is Alimta the evidence? No.
Let's reconsider Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". "She showed her talent for cooking". "Show me your etchings, please."
"Alimta showed a benefit." = Alimta made its benefit visible/noticeable.
Is there any other sense?
What about Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
What about Sense 3: "provide evidence for".
Let's consider the phrase "show a benefit". In medical literature, "show a benefit" means "provide evidence of a benefit" or "demonstrate a benefit".
Sense 3 is "provide evidence for". Sense 2 is "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
If I say "The drug showed a benefit", it means "The drug provided evidence for a benefit"? That sounds a bit off. The study provided evidence for the drug's benefit.
What about Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". Example: "She showed her talent for cooking." Alimta showed its benefit. This makes sense grammatically: the subject is the entity possessing the quality. She possesses talent, Alimta possesses benefit. She shows her talent, Alimta shows its benefit.
Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 4. There are none listed.
Let's look at Sense 2: "The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture." The mathematician is the agent.
"Alimta showed a benefit." Alimta is not an agent like a mathematician, but metonymically it stands for the study of Alimta.
Let's look at Sense 3: "Her behavior testified to her incompetence". The behavior is the evidence.
"The blood test showed that he was the father". The blood test is the evidence.
Is Alimta the evidence? No.
Let's reconsider Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". "She showed her talent for cooking". "Show me your etchings, please."
"Alimta showed a benefit." = Alimta made its benefit visible/noticeable.
Is there any other sense?
What about Sense 10: "give evidence of, as of records". "The diary shows his distress that evening." The diary gives evidence of his distress. Does Alimta give evidence of a benefit?
Let's search for "shown" + "benefit" in SemCor or similar.
Often, "The experiment demonstrated..." is Sense 2.
But here, "Alimta" is the subject. "What benefit has Alimta shown..."
If I have to choose between Sense 2 (establish the validity of) and Sense 3 (provide evidence for) and Sense 4 (make visible or noticeable).
"What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?" The studies are experiments. The experiments demonstrated the benefit.
Wait, "What benefit has Alimta shown" -> Alimta demonstrated a benefit.
Let's check Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish, shew.
If I say "Alimta demonstrated a benefit", it means Alimta established the validity of a benefit. "Demonstrate" is a direct synonym for Sense 2.
Let's check Sense 3: "provide evidence for". Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence. Example: "The blood test showed that he was the father". Here, the blood test is the evidence.
In "Alimta showed a benefit", Alimta is not the evidence, it's the thing being tested.
Let's look at Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". "She showed her talent for cooking". Here, the subject is the entity revealing its own quality. Alimta is revealing its own quality (benefit). This fits perfectly syntactically and semantically without metonymy.
Wait, does a drug "make visible or noticeable" a benefit? Yes, by its effects.
But the context says "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time..."
The benefit is the result of the studies. The studies demonstrated the benefit.
Let's reconsider Sense 3. "provide evidence for". Often used in WSD for "The results showed that...".
But here the subject is "Alimta".
Let's reconsider Sense 2. "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". If the studies are the experiments, "Alimta shown" means "Alimta demonstrated" (metonymy).
Let's look at Sense 2 examples: "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound." -> The experiment showed the instability.
Here, the studies showed the benefit of Alimta.
Wait, if the studies showed the benefit, and the question is "What benefit has Alimta shown", it's a bit different.
What about Sense 3? "provide evidence for". Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence. "The blood test showed that he was the father."
If the context was "What benefit has the study shown", I would definitely pick Sense 3.
But it's "What benefit has Alimta shown".
Does Alimta "provide evidence for" a benefit?
Let's look at Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". "She showed her talent for cooking." This implies the subject displays or manifests something they possess. Alimta possesses a benefit and displayed it during the studies.
Let's look at Sense 2: "establish the validity of something". "The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture". The mathematician proved it.
Let's look at Sense 3: "provide evidence for". "Her behavior testified to her incompetence". The behavior is the evidence.
In medical WSD, "showed efficacy" or "showed a benefit" is often mapped to Sense 2 (demonstrate) or Sense 3 (provide evidence).
Let's think about "demonstrate". Sense 1 (demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate) = give an exhibition of to an interested audience. "She shows her dogs frequently."
Sense 2 (prove, demonstrate, establish, shew) = establish the validity of something.
If "demonstrate" is the synonym, Sense 2 is the best match for "showed a benefit" in a scientific context, even if the subject is Alimta (metonymy: Alimta's performance demonstrated the benefit).
Let's check Sense 3 again. "The blood test showed that he was the father." The blood test is the evidence. The blood test is the tool that provides the evidence. Alimta is not the tool that provides the evidence; the study is the tool. Alimta is the object of the study.
Therefore, Sense 3 is less likely because Alimta is not the evidence-providing tool.
What about Sense 4? "make visible or noticeable". "She showed her talent for cooking." This means she made her talent visible. Alimta made its benefit visible. This fits syntactically.
What about Sense 10? "give evidence of, as of records". "The diary shows his distress that evening." The diary gives evidence of his distress. Is Alimta a record? No.
What about Sense 2? "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound." The experiment is the agent. Alimta is not the experiment.
Wait. "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma." So the benefit it showed was increasing survival time.
"What benefit has Alimta shown" -> What benefit has Alimta demonstrated?
Actually, if we say "Alimta showed a benefit", it means the results of Alimta showed a benefit.
Let's look at Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
Let's look at Sense 3: "provide evidence for". Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence. Example: "The blood test showed that he was the father."
Let's look at Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". Example: "She showed her talent for cooking."
I'll go with Sense 2, because "demonstrate" is a very strong synonym in clinical contexts for "showing" a benefit, efficacy, or effect, and WordNet explicitly links "demonstrate" to Sense 2 for establishing validity through experiment. The studies are experiments, and "Alimta shown" is a slight metonymy for "the studies of Alimta demonstrated".
Wait, could it be Sense 3? "The blood test showed that he was the father." -> "Alimta showed a benefit."
Actually, "provide evidence for" (Sense 3) is often used for "The results showed...".
If I say "The drug showed a benefit", is it Sense 2 or 3?
Let's consider Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". "The experiment demonstrated the instability of the compound".
Let's consider Sense 3: "provide evidence for". "The blood test showed that he was the father".
In both examples, the subject is the evidence or the experiment. But here the subject is the drug.
What if it's Sense 4: "make visible or noticeable". "She showed her talent for cooking." Does a drug "make visible or noticeable" a benefit? Yes, its effects become visible/noticeable in the patients.
Let's search my memory for "showed" "benefit" WordNet.
Usually, "show" in "The study showed..." is Sense 2 or 3.
If the subject is the drug, "The drug showed efficacy", it might be Sense 4 (make visible or noticeable) or Sense 2 (demonstrate).
But wait! "provide evidence for" (Sense 3) synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence. "Her behavior testified to her incompetence."
Is Alimta testifying to a benefit?
Let's re-read Sense 2: "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". Synonyms: prove, demonstrate, establish, shew. "The mathematician showed the validity of the conjecture."
Let's think about "demonstrate" as a synonym. Sense 2 has "demonstrate".
In biomedical NLP, "demonstrate" is often Sense 2.
I will choose Sense 2. "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment". The context is full of experiments ("studied in one main study", "compared with", "in all three studies"). The question is "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?". The studies (experiments) are the context for establishing validity. Therefore, "shown" means "demonstrated" (Sense 2).
Let's double check Sense 3: "provide evidence for". Synonyms: testify, bear witness, prove, evidence. "The blood test showed that he was the father". The blood test provides evidence. Does Alimta provide evidence? No, the study provides evidence that Alimta has a benefit.
So Sense 2 makes more sense because "demonstrate" is a synonym, and "Alimta demonstrated a benefit" means Alimta's efficacy was established as valid.
Wait, let's think about Sense 3 again. "The blood test showed that he was the father." If the text was "The study showed a benefit", Sense 3 would be correct. But the text is "Alimta showed a benefit".
If "Alimta showed a benefit", it means Alimta exhibited/demonstrated a benefit.
I will choose Sense 2 because "demonstrate" is listed as a synonym and the context is about experiments establishing validity.

Let's review the senses again carefully.
1. sense_key=show%2:39:02:: | definition=give an exhibition of to an interested audience | synonyms=demo, exhibit, present, demonstrate
2. sense_key=show%2:31:00:: | definition=establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment | synonyms=prove, demonstrate, establish, shew
3. sense_key=show%2:32:00:: | definition=provide evidence for | synonyms=testify, bear witness, prove, evidence
4. sense_key=show%2:39:00:: | definition=make visible or noticeable

Could it be Sense 4? "make visible or noticeable". "She showed her talent for cooking." "Alimta showed its benefit." This is a very common pattern. The subject reveals a quality it possesses.
Could it be Sense 3? "provide evidence for". If Alimta is the subject, it's metonymy. "Alimta" stands for "the results for Alimta". "The results for Alimta provided evidence for a benefit."
I think Sense 2 is the intended sense because of "demonstrate" and "experiment" in the gloss. The studies are experiments. "What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?" -> "What benefit has Alimta demonstrated during the studies?"
Let me check if Sense 2 is the best fit. "establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment".
Yes, clinical studies are experiments to establish the validity of a drug's benefit. The question asks what benefit was established/demonstrated. Sense 2 fits perfectly.

Let's quickly check if there's any reason to pick Sense 3. "provide evidence for". "The blood test showed that he was the father." Here, the blood test IS the evidence. In "Alimta showed a benefit", Alimta is not the evidence.
So Sense 2 is better than Sense 3.

Let's check Sense 4. "make visible or noticeable". This is more about physical or overt display ("Show me your etchings", "She showed her talent"). For a clinical benefit in a study, "demonstrate" (Sense 2) is more precise.

I will choose Sense 2.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: study
Target surface form: studies
Context:
For the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, Alimta has been studied in one main study in 456 patients who had not received chemotherapy for their disease before. The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the <t>studies</t>? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading) | synonyms=work | examples=mastering a second language requires a lot of work; no schools offer graduate study in interior design
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings of some individual or group | synonyms=report, written report | examples=this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale
4. sense_key=study%1:09:04:: | definition=a state of deep mental absorption | examples=she is in a deep study
5. sense_key=study%1:06:00:: | definition=a room used for reading and writing and studying | examples=he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study
6. sense_key=study%1:09:02:: | definition=a branch of knowledge | synonyms=discipline, subject, subject area, subject field, field, field of study | examples=in what discipline is his doctorate?; teachers should be well trained in their subject
7. sense_key=study%1:06:01:: | definition=preliminary drawing for later elaboration | synonyms=sketch | examples=he made several studies before starting to paint
8. sense_key=study%1:09:01:: | definition=attentive consideration and meditation | synonyms=cogitation | examples=after much cogitation he rejected the offer
9. sense_key=study%1:18:00:: | definition=someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play) | examples=he is a quick study
10. sense_key=study%1:10:01:: | definition=a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performer's technique | examples=a study in spiccato bowing

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "studies" in the context of medical research trials.
"studies" here refers to clinical trials, which are detailed critical inspections or investigations.
Let's look at the candidate senses.
1. sense_key=study%1:04:00:: | definition=a detailed critical inspection | synonyms=survey
2. sense_key=study%1:09:03:: | definition=applying the mind to learning...
3. sense_key=study%1:10:00:: | definition=a written document describing the findings...
...
In the context: "In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies?"
Here, "studies" refers to the research investigations themselves, i.e., clinical trials.
Sense 1: a detailed critical inspection. This fits "studies" as in research studies or surveys.
Sense 3: a written document describing the findings. But in the context, it refers to the actual conduct of the study ("during the studies", "in one main study in 456 patients"). So it's the investigation, not the document.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: increase
Target surface form: increased
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta <t>increased</t> the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=increase%2:30:00:: | definition=become bigger or greater in amount | examples=The amount of work increased
2. sense_key=increase%2:30:02:: | definition=make bigger or more | examples=The boss finally increased her salary; The university increased the number of students it admitted

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "increase", surface form "increased".
Context: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma."
Sense 1: "become bigger or greater in amount" (intransitive)
Sense 2: "make bigger or more" (transitive)

In the context, "Alimta increased the survival time", Alimta is the subject and "the survival time" is the direct object. This is a transitive use, meaning "make bigger or more". Therefore, Sense 2 is the correct one.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the <t>survival</t> time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "survival" in the context of "survival time" of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. The context discusses how long patients survived (average of 12.1 months vs 9.3 months).

Candidate senses:
1. survival%1:26:00:: - a state of surviving; remaining alive (synonyms: endurance)
2. survival%1:22:00:: - a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment (synonyms: survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection)
3. survival%1:04:00:: - something that survives

Sense 2 is clearly about evolutionary biology, not applicable here.

Sense 3 is "something that survives" - e.g., a relic or surviving artifact. Not applicable here.

Sense 1 is "a state of surviving; remaining alive" - this fits the medical context where patients' survival time (how long they remain alive) is being measured.

The best sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival <t>time</t> of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "time" in the phrase "survival time".
Context: "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma."
Meaning: The duration of life, the length of time the patients survived.
Let's evaluate the candidate senses:
1. time%1:11:00:: - an instance or single occasion for some event (this time he succeeded) -> No.
2. time%1:28:05:: - a period of time considered as a resource under your control (take time) -> No.
3. time%1:28:00:: - an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) (he waited a long time; the time of year for planting). "Survival time" is a period of time, specifically a duration of life. "An indefinite period" fits better than the others, or perhaps it's just "a period of time". Wait, let's look at the WordNet senses.
Actually, survival time is a specific duration. Does "an indefinite period" fit? Usually marked by specific attributes or activities. "Survival time" means the duration they survived. "He waited a long time".
4. time%1:28:06:: - a suitable moment -> No.
5. time%1:03:00:: - the continuum of experience -> No.
6. time%1:11:01:: - a person's experience -> No.
7. time%1:28:03:: - clock time -> No.
8. time%1:28:04:: - fourth coordinate -> No.
9. time%1:07:01:: - rhythm -> No.
10. time%1:28:01:: - prison term -> No.

So, sense 3 ("an indefinite period") is the most appropriate, as it refers to a duration of time. Survival time = how long they lived, a period of time. "An indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)". Or maybe sense 1? "an instance or single occasion"? No.
Could it be sense 3? "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - "the time of year for planting", "he waited a long time". "Survival time" is a duration, so "an indefinite period" or simply a period. Sense 3 is the best fit for a period of time measured in months.

Let's double check if there are other nuances.
WordNet 3.1:
Noun
S: (n) time, clip (an instance or some occasion) "this time he succeeded"; "we called four times"; "he could do ten at a clip"
S: (n) time (a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something) "take time to smell the roses"; "I didn't have time to finish"; "it took more than half my time"
S: (n) time (an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)) "he waited a long time"; "the time of year for planting"; "he was a great actor in his time"
S: (n) time (a suitable moment) "it is time to go"
S: (n) time (the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past)
S: (n) time (a person's experience on a particular occasion) "he had a time holding back the tears"; "they had a good time together"
S: (n) clock, time (a reading of a point in time as given by a clock) "do you know what time it is?"; "the time is 10 o'clock"
S: (n) fourth dimension, time (the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event)
S: (n) meter, metre, time (rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration)
S: (n) prison term, sentence, time (the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned) "he served a prison term of 15 months"; "his sentence was 5 to 10 years"; "he is doing time in the county jail"

"survival time" = period of time the patients survived. Sense 3 is "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)". It fits perfectly as "a period of time" in general, as the others are more specific (resource, prisoner's term, etc.).

Therefore, sense index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
The effects of Alimta in combination with cisplatin were compared with those of cisplatin alone. For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of <t>patients</t> with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about medical studies involving "patients" with lung cancer and mesothelioma receiving treatments like Alimta.
The target word is "patients" in "Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma."

Sense 1: "a person who requires medical care" (examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly)
Sense 2: "the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent..." (synonyms=affected role, patient role)

The context clearly refers to people receiving medical care (Alimta, cisplatin, chemotherapy, survived). Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: Patients
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. <t>Patients</t> receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "Patients" in a medical context about lung cancer treatment and survival times.
Sense 1: a person who requires medical care.
Sense 2: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause.

In the context "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months...", "Patients" refers to people who are receiving medical care for lung cancer. This matches Sense 1.

Sense 2 refers to grammatical semantic role (patient role), not the noun referring to a medical patient. Here, "Patients" is a plural noun referring to people.

Therefore, the best sense is 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survive
Target surface form: survived
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin <t>survived</t> for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survive%2:42:01:: | definition=continue to live through hardship or adversity | synonyms=last, live, live on, go, endure, hold up | examples=We went without water and food for 3 days; These superstitions survive in the backwaters of America
2. sense_key=survive%2:42:02:: | definition=continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) | synonyms=pull through, pull round, come through, make it | examples=He survived the cancer against all odds
3. sense_key=survive%2:42:00:: | definition=support oneself | synonyms=exist, live, subsist | examples=he could barely exist on such a low wage; Can you live on $2000 a month in New York City?
4. sense_key=survive%2:42:03:: | definition=live longer than | synonyms=outlive, outlast | examples=She outlived her husband by many years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about cancer patients receiving treatment and how long they survived (average of 12.1 months). This relates to surviving an illness/disease.

Sense 1: continue to live through hardship or adversity (synonyms: last, live, live on) - examples about going without water, superstitions surviving
Sense 2: continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.) (synonyms: pull through, come through, make it) - example: "He survived the cancer against all odds"
Sense 3: support oneself - exist on low wage
Sense 4: live longer than - outlived husband

The example for sense 2 explicitly mentions surviving cancer, which matches the medical context here. The patients survived after having cancer, continuing to live after the adversity of the disease.

However, let me look more carefully. The context says "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months." This is about the duration they continued to live after treatment. They survived (continued living) for a period of time.

Sense 2's definition is "continue in existence after (an adversity, etc.)" with the example "He survived the cancer against all odds." The patients here survived after having cancer, which fits sense 2 well.

But could it be sense 1? Sense 1 is "continue to live through hardship or adversity" with examples like "We went without water and food for 3 days" - this seems more about enduring through hardship rather than surviving an illness.

The medical context of surviving cancer aligns most closely with sense 2, given the explicit example about surviving cancer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an <t>average</t> of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%1:09:00:: | definition=a statistic describing the location of a distribution | synonyms=norm | examples=it set the norm for American homes
2. sense_key=average%1:24:00:: | definition=(sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
3. sense_key=average%1:09:01:: | definition=an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual | examples=he is about average in height; the snowfall this month is below average

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "average" in the phrase "survived for an average of 12.1 months".
Context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%1:09:00:: | definition=a statistic describing the location of a distribution | synonyms=norm | examples=it set the norm for American homes
2. sense_key=average%1:24:00:: | definition=(sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
3. sense_key=average%1:09:01:: | definition=an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual | examples=he is about average in height; the snowfall this month is below average

In this context, "average" refers to the mean survival time (a statistical measure).
Sense 1 is "a statistic describing the location of a distribution". 12.1 months is the mean survival time, which is a statistic describing the location of a distribution (of survival times).
Sense 3 is "an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual". Here, 12.1 months is not "normal or usual" in a general sense, but a specific computed statistic (mean).
Wait, average as a statistic describing the location of a distribution (mean, median, mode).

Let's look at Sense 1 and Sense 3 carefully.
Sense 1: statistic describing the location of a distribution. Synonym: norm.
Sense 3: an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual.

"survived for an average of 12.1 months". The value 12.1 months is the result of calculating the average (mean) of the survival times of the patients in the study. So it fits "a statistic describing the location of a distribution" perfectly.
It does not fit "an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual" because 12.1 is the exact statistical mean calculated from the data, not just an estimation of what is "normal" or "usual".

So Sense 1 is the best choice.
Wait, Sense 1's synonym is "norm". But the definition "a statistic describing the location of a distribution" is the standard WordNet definition for the statistical sense of "average" (mean).

Let's check the sense indices.
1: average%1:09:00:: | definition=a statistic describing the location of a distribution
2: average%1:24:00:: | definition=(sports) the ratio of successful performances to opportunities
3: average%1:09:01:: | definition=an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual

Yes, sense 1 is the mean / statistical sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 <t>months</t>, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "months" in the context "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."

Candidate senses:
1. month%1:28:01:: - one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (calendar month)
2. month%1:28:00:: - a time unit of approximately 30 days

In this context, "12.1 months" and "9.3 months" refer to durations of time, not specific calendar months (like January, February, etc.). It's a time unit of approximately 30 days, used to measure survival time. 12.1 months is not "one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year" because it's a fractional duration, not a named month. Sense 2 fits better as it's a time unit of approximately 30 days.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: compare
Target surface form: compared
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, <t>compared</t> with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=compare%2:31:00:: | definition=examine and note the similarities or differences of | examples=John compared his haircut to his friend's; We compared notes after we had both seen the movie
2. sense_key=compare%2:42:00:: | definition=be comparable | examples=This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes
3. sense_key=compare%2:31:01:: | definition=consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous | synonyms=liken, equate | examples=We can compare the Han dynasty to the Romans; You cannot equate success in financial matters with greed
4. sense_key=compare%2:32:00:: | definition=to form the comparative or superlative form on an adjective or adverb

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "compared" in the context: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone."
Here, "compared with" means showing the difference or similarity between two situations (12.1 months vs 9.3 months).
It is essentially saying "when you look at this in comparison to 9.3 months...". It's comparing the two survival times, noting the difference/similarity.
Sense 1: "examine and note the similarities or differences of" -> e.g., "John compared his haircut to his friend's". Here, the text is stating the figures to allow the reader to compare them, or noting the differences/similarities between them. Wait, "compared with" in a medical document often functions as "to be comparable" (Sense 2) or "examine and note the similarities or differences of" (Sense 1).
Let's look at Sense 2: "be comparable" -> "This car does not compare with our line of Mercedes". The text says "12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months".
Actually, "compared with" often maps to Sense 1: examine and note the similarities or differences of. "Patients survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months..." -> We examine and note the difference.
Wait, the context says "the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel", "Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine". These clearly refer to the clinical study comparing the treatments (Sense 1). The target word is specifically at "12.1 months, <t>compared</t> with 9.3 months", which functions as an adverbial phrase. But the underlying sense is still "examine and note the similarities or differences of" or "be comparable".
Let's look at Sense 1: examine and note the similarities or differences of. "compared with 9.3 months" -> "when compared with 9.3 months", implying the reader or the study examines the differences.
Sense 2: be comparable.
Let's search for "compared with" in WordNet/SEMCOR. Often "compared to/with" maps to compare%2:31:00:: (examine and note the similarities or differences of).
Let's consider the phrase: "Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone." It is a passive participle modifying the situation. It means noting the difference.
I'll go with Sense 1.
Wait, could it be Sense 3? Consider or describe as similar, equal, or analogous. No, they are not saying 12.1 months is the same as 9.3 months.
Sense 2: be comparable. "12.1 months compares with 9.3 months"? No, the figures are given to note the difference.
Sense 1 is "examine and note the similarities or differences of". Even in the phrase "compared with", it's an abbreviated form of "when one compares it with".
I will output Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: month
Target surface form: months
Context:
For the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, the effects of Alimta were compared with those of docetaxel (another anticancer medicine) in one study involving 571 patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease who had received chemotherapy in the past. Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 <t>months</t> in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=month%1:28:01:: | definition=one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year | synonyms=calendar month | examples=he paid the bill last month
2. sense_key=month%1:28:00:: | definition=a time unit of approximately 30 days | examples=he was given a month to pay the bill

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about survival time of patients: "survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months".
The target lemma is "month".
Sense 1: one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year (calendar month)
Sense 2: a time unit of approximately 30 days

"12.1 months" and "9.3 months" refer to a duration of time (approximately 30 days each), not a specific division of the calendar year (like January or February). Therefore, sense 2 is the correct choice.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: treatment
Target surface form: treatment
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the <t>treatment</t> of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=treatment%1:04:00:: | definition=care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention
2. sense_key=treatment%1:04:01:: | definition=the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling | examples=the handling of prisoners; the treatment of water sewage
3. sense_key=treatment%1:07:00:: | definition=a manner of dealing with something artistically | examples=his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture
4. sense_key=treatment%1:10:00:: | definition=an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic | synonyms=discussion, discourse | examples=the book contains an excellent discussion of modal logic; his treatment of the race question is badly biased

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about medical treatment for lung cancer and mesothelioma.
The target word "treatment" is used in the phrase "In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer".
Sense 1: care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) | synonyms=intervention.
Sense 2: the management of someone or something | synonyms=handling.
Sense 3: a manner of dealing with something artistically.
Sense 4: an extended communication dealing with some particular topic.

Sense 1 fits perfectly in the context of medical care provided to patients with lung cancer.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of <t>patients</t> with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "patients" in the context of medical treatment for lung cancer and mesothelioma. The context discusses patients receiving chemotherapy, survival times, and medical care.

Sense 1: a person who requires medical care - this fits perfectly with the medical context.
Sense 2: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause - this is a linguistic/grammatical sense, not applicable here.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: cell
Target surface form: cell
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small <t>cell</t> lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=cell%1:06:03:: | definition=any small compartment | examples=the cells of a honeycomb
2. sense_key=cell%1:03:00:: | definition=(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
3. sense_key=cell%1:06:00:: | definition=a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction | synonyms=electric cell
4. sense_key=cell%1:14:00:: | definition=a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement | synonyms=cadre
5. sense_key=cell%1:06:04:: | definition=a hand-held mobile radiotelephone for use in an area divided into small sections, each with its own short-range transmitter/receiver | synonyms=cellular telephone, cellular phone, cellphone, mobile phone
6. sense_key=cell%1:06:02:: | definition=small room in which a monk or nun lives | synonyms=cubicle
7. sense_key=cell%1:06:01:: | definition=a room where a prisoner is kept | synonyms=jail cell, prison cell

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about "non-small cell lung cancer". Here, "cell" refers to the biological unit of organisms. So the correct sense is the biology sense.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: effective
Target surface form: effective
Context:
Alimta was also compared with gemcitabine (another anticancer medicine), both in combination with cisplatin, in a study involving 1,725 patients who had not received chemotherapy for lung cancer in the past. In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as <t>effective</t> as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=effective%3:00:00:: | definition=producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect; -LewisMumford | synonyms=effectual, efficacious | examples=an air-cooled motor was more effective than a witch's broomstick for rapid long-distance transportation; effective teaching methods
2. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:competent:00 | definition=able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively; -G.B.Shaw | synonyms=efficient | examples=people who will do nothing unless they get something out of it for themselves are often highly effective persons...; effective personnel
3. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 | definition=works well as a means or remedy | examples=an effective reprimand; a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat
4. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operative:00 | definition=exerting force or influence | synonyms=good, in effect, in force | examples=the law is effective immediately; a warranty good for two years
5. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:actual:00 | definition=existing in fact; not theoretical; real | examples=a decline in the effective demand; confused increased equipment and expenditure with the quantity of effective work done
6. sense_key=effective%5:00:00:operational:00 | definition=ready for service | examples=the fort was held by about 100 effective soldiers

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "effective" in the context: "In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators."

This is about a medicine (Alimta) being compared to other medicines (comparators) in terms of its ability to treat cancer. The context discusses survival times and how well the drug works as a treatment.

Let me look at the senses:

1. effective%3:00:00:: - "producing or capable of producing an intended result or having a striking effect" - examples about teaching methods, motor transportation
2. effective%5:00:00:competent:00 - "able to accomplish a purpose; functioning effectively" - examples about persons, personnel
3. effective%5:00:00:efficacious:00 - "works well as a means or remedy" - examples: "an effective reprimand", "a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat"
4. effective%5:00:00:operative:00 - "exerting force or influence" - examples about law, warranty
5. effective%5:00:00:actual:00 - "existing in fact; not theoretical; real" - examples about demand, work done
6. effective%5:00:00:operational:00 - "ready for service" - examples about soldiers

The context is about a medicine/drug working well as a remedy/treatment. Sense 3 "works well as a means or remedy" with the example "a lotion that is effective in cases of prickly heat" fits best. The word "effective" here means the drug works as a remedy/treatment for the disease.

Sense 1 is also possible, but it's more general about producing an intended result. Sense 3 is specifically about working well as a means or remedy, which is exactly the context here - a medicine being effective as a treatment.

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 1 has synonyms "effectual, efficacious" and talks about producing an intended result. Sense 3 has no synonyms listed but talks about working well as a means or remedy with examples of a lotion and a reprimand.

The medical context of a drug being "effective" as a treatment aligns best with sense 3, which specifically mentions "works well as a means or remedy."

So the answer is sense_index 3.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: patient
Target surface form: patients
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In <t>patients</t> who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=patient%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who requires medical care | examples=the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly
2. sense_key=patient%1:10:00:: | definition=the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause | synonyms=affected role, patient role

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target lemma is "patient" (surface form "patients"). The context is about medical studies and treatment of patients with cancer. The word "patients" here refers to people receiving medical care.

Sense 1: a person who requires medical care. Example: "the number of emergency patients has grown rapidly". This fits perfectly.

Sense 2: the semantic role of an entity that is not the agent but is directly involved in or affected by the happening denoted by the verb in the clause. Synonyms: affected role, patient role. This is a linguistic/grammatical sense, not applicable here.

The best sense is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: past
Target surface form: past
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the <t>past</t>, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=past%1:28:00:: | definition=the time that has elapsed | synonyms=past times, yesteryear | examples=forget the past
2. sense_key=past%1:28:01:: | definition=a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret) | examples=reporters dug into the candidate's past
3. sense_key=past%1:10:00:: | definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past | synonyms=past tense

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "past" in the context: "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months..."

Here, "in the past" refers to a time that has elapsed, meaning previously or before the current time.
Sense 1: "the time that has elapsed" - fits the context of "in the past" meaning previously.
Sense 2: "a earlier period in someone's life (especially one that they have reason to keep secret)" - doesn't fit, no secret past.
Sense 3: "a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past" - not a verb tense here.

Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: average
Target surface form: average
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the <t>average</t> survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=average%5:00:02:normal:01 | definition=approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value | synonyms=mean | examples=the average income in New England is below that of the nation; of average height for his age
2. sense_key=average%5:00:00:common:01 | definition=lacking special distinction, rank, or status; commonly encountered | synonyms=ordinary | examples=average people; the ordinary (or common) man in the street
3. sense_key=average%5:00:00:ordinary:00 | definition=lacking exceptional quality or ability | synonyms=fair, mediocre, middling | examples=a novel of average merit; only a fair performance of the sonata
4. sense_key=average%5:00:00:moderate:00 | definition=around the middle of a scale of evaluation | synonyms=intermediate, medium | examples=an orange of average size; intermediate capacity
5. sense_key=average%5:00:03:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the most frequent value in a distribution | synonyms=modal | examples=the modal age at which American novelists reach their peak is 30
6. sense_key=average%5:00:01:normal:01 | definition=relating to or constituting the middle value of an ordered set of values (or the average of the middle two in a set with an even number of values) | synonyms=median | examples=the median value of 17, 20, and 36 is 20; the median income for the year was $15,000

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "average" used in the phrase "average survival time".
Context: "In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel."
This refers to the statistical mean or average.
Sense 1: "approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value", synonyms="mean", examples="the average income in New England is below that of the nation".
Sense 1 fits perfectly. "average survival time" refers to the mean survival time.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: survival
Target surface form: survival
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average <t>survival</t> time was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=survival%1:26:00:: | definition=a state of surviving; remaining alive | synonyms=endurance
2. sense_key=survival%1:22:00:: | definition=a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment | synonyms=survival of the fittest, natural selection, selection
3. sense_key=survival%1:04:00:: | definition=something that survives

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about medical studies measuring "how long the patients survived" and "survival time". This refers to a state of remaining alive.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
In all three studies, the main measure of effectiveness was how long the patients survived. What benefit has Alimta shown during the studies? Alimta increased the survival time of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Patients receiving Alimta and cisplatin survived for an average of 12.1 months, compared with 9.3 months in those receiving cisplatin alone. In the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, Alimta was as effective as the comparators. In patients who had received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival <t>time</t> was 8.3 months with Alimta, compared with 7.9 months with docetaxel. In patients who had not received chemotherapy in the past, the average survival time was 10.3 months in both groups.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "time" in the context: "the average survival time was 8.3 months with Alimta".

Let's look at the candidate senses.
1. an instance or single occasion for some event (e.g., this time he succeeded)
2. a period of time considered as a resource under your control
3. an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) (e.g., he waited a long time; the time of year for planting)
4. a suitable moment (e.g., it is time to go)
5. the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. a person's experience on a particular occasion
7. a reading of a point in time as given by a clock
8. the fourth coordinate
9. rhythm
10. the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned (e.g., he served a prison term of 15 months)

The context refers to "survival time" measured in months ("8.3 months", "12.1 months"). It's an indefinite period marked by a specific attribute (survival). Wait, is it sense 3?
Sense 3: an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) -> "he waited a long time", "the time of year for planting". Survival time = a period marked by the attribute of surviving. "8.3 months" is a period of time.

Wait, let's consider sense 1: "an instance or single occasion for some event". Example: "he called four times". "survival time" is not an instance or occasion.
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)". Survival time is a period of time marked by the patient surviving. "he waited a long time". "survival time was 8.3 months". 8.3 months is a period of time. This fits well.

Is there another sense?
Sense 10 is "prison term". It doesn't fit here.
Sense 5 is "the continuum of experience" (time itself, as in space and time).

So Sense 3 seems the most appropriate.
Definition: an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)
Examples: "he waited a long time", "the time of year for planting"
Context: "the average survival time was 8.3 months"
Yes, a period of time.

provider: Morph