[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: emission
Target surface form: emissions
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce <t>emissions</t> The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=emission%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of emitting; causing to flow forth | synonyms=emanation
2. sense_key=emission%1:27:00:: | definition=a substance that is emitted or released | synonyms=discharge
3. sense_key=emission%1:22:00:: | definition=the release of electrons from parent atoms
4. sense_key=emission%1:22:01:: | definition=any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body | synonyms=discharge, expelling | examples=the discharge of pus
5. sense_key=emission%1:11:00:: | definition=the occurrence of a flow of water (as from a pipe)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about reducing "emissions" - specifically greenhouse-gas reductions. This refers to substances that are emitted or released into the atmosphere.

Sense 1: "the act of emitting; causing to flow forth" - this is the act/process
Sense 2: "a substance that is emitted or released" - this refers to the substance itself

In the context "reduce emissions" and "greenhouse-gas reductions," the word "emissions" refers to the substances being released (greenhouse gases like CO2). However, it could also be interpreted as the act of emitting.

Let me think more carefully. "Reduce emissions" - are we reducing the act of emitting, or reducing the substances emitted? In common usage, "emissions" in environmental contexts typically refers to the substances released. But it can also refer to the act/process of emitting.

Looking at the definitions:
- Sense 1 (emission%1:04:00::) = the act of emitting
- Sense 2 (emission%1:27:00::) = a substance that is emitted or released

"Greenhouse gas emissions" - these are the gases (substances) being released. When we say "reduce emissions," we mean reduce the amount of substances released. The word "emissions" here is plural, referring to the substances/gases being emitted.

So sense 2 seems most appropriate - "a substance that is emitted or released."

provider: Alibaba


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: climate
Target surface form: climate
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored <t>climate</t> conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=climate%1:26:00:: | definition=the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time | synonyms=clime | examples=the dank climate of southern Wales; plants from a cold clime travel best in winter
2. sense_key=climate%1:26:01:: | definition=the prevailing psychological state | synonyms=mood | examples=the climate of opinion; the national mood had changed radically since the last election

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
The context is about a U.N.-sponsored climate conference discussing greenhouse-gas reductions. This refers to the physical climate (weather averaged over time) - greenhouse gases affect the climate in the meteorological sense.

Sense 1: the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time
Sense 2: the prevailing psychological state

The "climate conference" is about the physical climate - greenhouse gases, emissions, etc. This is sense 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: Baidu

currency: USD


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: conference
Target surface form: conference
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate <t>conference</t> -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=conference%1:14:00:: | definition=a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
2. sense_key=conference%1:14:01:: | definition=an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members | synonyms=league
3. sense_key=conference%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic | synonyms=group discussion

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "conference" in the context of a U.N.-sponsored climate conference where a document was released outlining greenhouse-gas reductions.

Sense 1: a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)
Sense 2: an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members (synonyms=league)
Sense 3: a discussion among participants who have an agreed (serious) topic (synonyms=group discussion)

The context clearly refers to a formal U.N.-sponsored meeting with an agenda (reducing emissions, greenhouse-gas reductions). This is a prearranged meeting for consultation and discussion with a formal agenda. Sense 1 fits best.

Sense 3 is more about a discussion itself rather than a formal meeting/event. The context describes an event (a conference) where documents are released and political deals are made, which aligns more with sense 1's "prearranged meeting" with a "formal agenda."

So the best sense is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: focus
Target surface form: focus
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed <t>focus</t> Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=focus%1:09:00:: | definition=the concentration of attention or energy on something | synonyms=focusing, focussing, focal point, direction, centering | examples=the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology; he had no direction in his life
2. sense_key=focus%1:07:01:: | definition=maximum clarity or distinctness of an image rendered by an optical system | examples=in focus; out of focus
3. sense_key=focus%1:07:03:: | definition=maximum clarity or distinctness of an idea | examples=the controversy brought clearly into focus an important difference of opinion
4. sense_key=focus%1:26:00:: | definition=a central point or locus of an infection in an organism | synonyms=focal point, nidus | examples=the focus of infection
5. sense_key=focus%1:26:01:: | definition=special emphasis attached to something | synonyms=stress | examples=the stress was more on accuracy than on speed
6. sense_key=focus%1:19:00:: | definition=a point of convergence of light (or other radiation) or a point from which it diverges | synonyms=focal point
7. sense_key=focus%1:15:00:: | definition=a fixed reference point on the concave side of a conic section

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context says the conference "gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document." This means the conference gained renewed concentration of attention or energy on something — a sense of direction or centering. The document gave the conference a renewed focus, meaning a focal point or direction for its activity.

Sense 1: "the concentration of attention or energy on something" with examples "the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology; he had no direction in his life" — this fits well. The conference gained renewed focus, meaning renewed concentration of attention/energy.

Sense 3: "maximum clarity or distinctness of an idea" with example "the controversy brought clearly into focus an important difference of opinion" — this is about clarity of an idea, which could also fit ("gained renewed focus" = became clearer). But the context is about the conference gaining direction/purpose, not just clarity.

Sense 1 seems best because the conference gained renewed concentration/direction of activity.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: document
Target surface form: document
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a <t>document</t> outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=document%1:10:00:: | definition=writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature) | synonyms=written document, papers
2. sense_key=document%1:06:00:: | definition=anything serving as a representation of a person's thinking by means of symbolic marks
3. sense_key=document%1:21:00:: | definition=a written account of ownership or obligation
4. sense_key=document%1:10:01:: | definition=(computer science) a computer file that contains text (and possibly formatting instructions) using seven-bit ASCII characters | synonyms=text file

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context is about a U.N. group drafting a plan. The target word is "document" used as a noun: "the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions". This is a written document providing information, especially of an official nature. Sense 1 fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: reduction
Target surface form: reductions
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas <t>reductions</t> over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=reduction%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of decreasing or reducing something | synonyms=decrease, diminution, step-down
2. sense_key=reduction%1:22:00:: | definition=any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent | synonyms=reducing
3. sense_key=reduction%1:04:02:: | definition=the act of reducing complexity | synonyms=simplification

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The context discusses "greenhouse-gas reductions" which means decreasing or reducing the amount of greenhouse-gas emissions. This aligns with sense 1: "the act of decreasing or reducing something" with synonyms like decrease, diminution, step-down.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: year
Target surface form: years
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 <t>years</t>, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=year%1:28:01:: | definition=a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days | synonyms=twelvemonth, yr | examples=she is 4 years old; in the year 1920
2. sense_key=year%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of time occupying a regular part of a calendar year that is used for some particular activity | examples=a school year
3. sense_key=year%1:28:00:: | definition=the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun | examples=a Martian year takes 687 of our days
4. sense_key=year%1:14:00:: | definition=a body of students who graduate together | synonyms=class | examples=the class of '97; she was in my year at Hoehandle High

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word is "years" in the context "over the next 40 years". This refers to a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days, which matches sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: burden
Target surface form: burden
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the <t>burden</t> in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=burden%1:09:01:: | definition=an onerous or difficult concern | synonyms=load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus | examples=the burden of responsibility; that's a load off my mind
2. sense_key=burden%1:06:01:: | definition=weight to be borne or conveyed | synonyms=load, loading
3. sense_key=burden%1:10:00:: | definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work | synonyms=effect, essence, core, gist
4. sense_key=burden%1:09:00:: | definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "burden" in the context: "industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term."
The context is about greenhouse-gas reductions, and industrialized nations taking on most of the responsibility.
"burden" here means an onerous or difficult concern.
Sense 1: "an onerous or difficult concern" - synonyms: load, encumbrance, incumbrance, onus. Examples: "the burden of responsibility"
This fits perfectly. The nations are shouldering the responsibility/concern of reducing emissions.
Sense 2: "weight to be borne or conveyed" - physical weight, doesn't fit.
Sense 3: "the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work" - doesn't fit.
Sense 4: "the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse" - doesn't fit.
So the best sense is 1.

provider: CoreWeave


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: term
Target surface form: term
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near <t>term</t>. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=term%1:10:00:: | definition=a word or expression used for some particular thing | examples=he learned many medical terms
2. sense_key=term%1:28:00:: | definition=a limited period of time | examples=a prison term; he left school before the end of term
3. sense_key=term%1:10:02:: | definition=(usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement | synonyms=condition | examples=the contract set out the conditions of the lease; the terms of the treaty were generous
4. sense_key=term%1:09:00:: | definition=any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial | examples=the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree
5. sense_key=term%1:10:01:: | definition=one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition | examples=the major term of a syllogism must occur twice
6. sense_key=term%1:28:01:: | definition=the end of gestation or point at which birth is imminent | synonyms=full term | examples=a healthy baby born at full term
7. sense_key=term%1:06:00:: | definition=(architecture) a statue or a human bust or an animal carved out of the top of a square pillar; originally used as a boundary marker in ancient Rome | synonyms=terminus, terminal figure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is: "industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term."

"In the near term" means "in the near future" or "over a limited period of time."

This matches sense 2: "a limited period of time" with examples like "a prison term" and "he left school before the end of term."

Let me check the other senses:
1. A word or expression - no
2. A limited period of time - yes, "in the near term" = "in the near future/short period"
3. A statement of what is required as part of an agreement - no
4. A quantity in a polynomial - no
5. A phrase in a logical proposition - no
6. End of gestation - no
7. A statue/pillar - no

Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The <t>text</t>, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "text" in the context refers to a document outlining greenhouse-gas reductions. "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal..." This refers to the words of something written - a document.

Sense 1: "the words of something written" - examples include "the printed text of the mayor's speech" and "there were more than a thousand words of text." This fits well because the "text" here is a drafted document with words.

Sense 4: "the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)" - this is about the main body vs. illustrations. The context doesn't contrast with illustrations or footnotes.

Sense 1 is the best fit. The "text" refers to the written content of the document.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: basis
Target surface form: basis
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the <t>basis</t> for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=basis%1:24:00:: | definition=a relation that provides the foundation for something | synonyms=footing, ground | examples=they were on a friendly footing; he worked on an interim basis
2. sense_key=basis%1:09:00:: | definition=the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained | synonyms=base, foundation, fundament, groundwork, cornerstone | examples=the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture
3. sense_key=basis%1:24:01:: | definition=the most important or necessary part of something | synonyms=base | examples=the basis of this drink is orange juice

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "basis" in the context: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases..."

Let me analyze the context:
- The text provides a foundation/starting point for a final political deal.
- It's about providing a foundation upon which a deal can be built.

Sense 1: "a relation that provides the foundation for something" - examples include "he worked on an interim basis" - this seems more about the terms/conditions of a relationship or arrangement.

Sense 2: "the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained" - synonyms include base, foundation, groundwork, cornerstone - examples include "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture" - this is about the foundational document/starting point from which something is developed.

Sense 3: "the most important or necessary part of something" - example "the basis of this drink is orange juice" - this is about the main ingredient.

In the context, "provide the basis for a final political deal" means the text serves as the foundation/starting point from which a final deal can be developed. This aligns most closely with Sense 2, which is about the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed. The text provides the groundwork/foundation for a political deal to be developed.

Sense 1 could also work since it's about "a relation that provides the foundation for something," but the examples ("on a friendly footing," "on an interim basis") suggest this is more about the nature/terms of a relationship rather than a document serving as a starting point for development.

I'll go with Sense 2.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: deal
Target surface form: deal
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political <t>deal</t> to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=deal%1:04:02:: | definition=a particular instance of buying or selling | synonyms=trade, business deal | examples=it was a package deal; I had no further trade with him
2. sense_key=deal%1:10:00:: | definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain | examples=he made a bargain with the devil; he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals
3. sense_key=deal%1:23:00:: | definition=(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent | synonyms=batch, flock, good deal, great deal, hatful, heap | examples=a batch of letters; a deal of trouble
4. sense_key=deal%1:27:00:: | definition=a plank of softwood (fir or pine board)
5. sense_key=deal%1:27:01:: | definition=wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir) | synonyms=softwood
6. sense_key=deal%1:14:00:: | definition=the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time | synonyms=hand | examples=I didn't hold a good hand all evening; he kept trying to see my hand
7. sense_key=deal%1:11:00:: | definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement) | examples=he got a good deal on his car
8. sense_key=deal%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of distributing playing cards | examples=the deal was passed around the table clockwise
9. sense_key=deal%1:04:01:: | definition=the act of apportioning or distributing something | examples=the captain was entrusted with the deal of provisions

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "deal" in the context: "The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases..."
This refers to an agreement between parties.
Sense 2: definition=an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each | synonyms=bargain
Sense 7: definition=the type of treatment received (especially as the result of an agreement)
Sense 1: definition=a particular instance of buying or selling

The context clearly talks about a political agreement between nations at a U.N. climate conference.
Sense 2 fits best: "an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each".

Let's check the index.
1. deal%1:04:02::
2. deal%1:10:00::
3. deal%1:23:00::
4. deal%1:27:00::
5. deal%1:27:01::
6. deal%1:14:00::
7. deal%1:11:00::
8. deal%1:04:00::
9. deal%1:04:01::

Sense 2 is deal%1:10:00::.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: obstacle
Target surface form: obstacles
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining <t>obstacles</t> as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=obstacle%1:09:00:: | definition=something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted | synonyms=obstruction | examples=lack of imagination is an obstacle to one's advancement; the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education
2. sense_key=obstacle%1:06:00:: | definition=an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented)

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a U.N. climate conference drafting a plan to reduce emissions. The text highlights "remaining obstacles" to reaching a final political deal. These are immaterial things (political disagreements, unresolved issues) that stand in the way of an agreement.

Sense 1: something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted. Examples include "lack of imagination" and "poverty of a district." This fits well because the obstacles in the negotiation are immaterial (political issues, disagreements).

Sense 2: an obstruction that stands in the way (and must be removed or surmounted or circumvented). This is more general and could include physical obstructions.

The context clearly refers to immaterial obstacles in a negotiation process. The obstacles are political/diplomatic issues, not physical objects. Sense 1 specifically mentions "something immaterial" which fits perfectly here.

The answer is sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: path
Target surface form: path
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a <t>path</t> forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=path%1:04:00:: | definition=a course of conduct | synonyms=way, way of life | examples=the path of virtue; we went our separate ways
2. sense_key=path%1:06:00:: | definition=a way especially designed for a particular use
3. sense_key=path%1:15:00:: | definition=an established line of travel or access | synonyms=route, itinerary
4. sense_key=path%1:17:00:: | definition=a line or route along which something travels or moves | synonyms=track, course | examples=the hurricane demolished houses in its path; the track of an animal

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "path" in the context: "illuminated a path forward."
The context discusses a plan or course of action to deal with greenhouse gas reductions.
"a path forward" means a way to proceed, a course of conduct or action.
Sense 1: a course of conduct (way, way of life) - examples: the path of virtue; we went our separate ways.
Sense 2: a way especially designed for a particular use.
Sense 3: an established line of travel or access (route, itinerary).
Sense 4: a line or route along which something travels or moves (track, course).

"a path forward" fits "a course of conduct" or "a line or route along which something travels". But in this context, it's abstract: a course of action/conduct. Let's look at the synonyms for Sense 1: way. "way forward" is synonymous with "path forward".
Sense 4: track, course. "the course of action". But the definition says "a line or route along which something travels or moves" which is more physical.
Sense 1 definition: "a course of conduct". "the path of virtue". This fits the abstract "path forward" (how to proceed in the negotiations).
Therefore, Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: advance
Target surface form: advance
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important <t>advance</t> in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=advance%1:11:00:: | definition=a movement forward | synonyms=progress, progression | examples=he listened for the progress of the troops
2. sense_key=advance%1:11:01:: | definition=a change for the better; progress in development | synonyms=improvement, betterment
3. sense_key=advance%1:10:00:: | definition=a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others | synonyms=overture, approach, feeler | examples=she rejected his advances
4. sense_key=advance%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) | synonyms=progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion
5. sense_key=advance%1:21:00:: | definition=an amount paid before it is earned | synonyms=cash advance
6. sense_key=advance%1:04:01:: | definition=increase in price or value | synonyms=rise | examples=the news caused a general advance on the stock market

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "advance" in the context: "But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time..."

The context describes a document outlining greenhouse-gas reductions being released, providing a basis for a final political deal. It's called an "important advance" in a negotiation.

Let's look at the candidate senses:
1. a movement forward (progress, progression) - examples: he listened for the progress of the troops
2. a change for the better; progress in development (improvement, betterment)
3. a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others (overture, approach, feeler)
4. the act of moving forward (as toward a goal) (progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion)
5. an amount paid before it is earned (cash advance)
6. increase in price or value (rise)

The context is about a negotiation making progress. "An important advance in a negotiation" - this refers to progress in development, a change for the better.

Sense 2 (a change for the better; progress in development) seems most appropriate here. The negotiation is making progress/improvement.

Sense 4 (the act of moving forward toward a goal) is also possible. But sense 2 specifically mentions "progress in development" which fits the abstract progress of a negotiation better than the physical movement implied by "act of moving forward."

Actually, let me reconsider. Sense 1 says "a movement forward" with synonyms progress, progression. Sense 4 says "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)" with synonyms progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion.

In WordNet, the difference between sense 1 and sense 4:
- Sense 1 (advance%1:11:00::) is under the noun.cognition or noun.act hierarchy? Let me think about the hypernym structure. 1:11 typically refers to noun.act. 1:04 typically refers noun.act as well? No, 1:04 is noun.act. Wait, let me reconsider the WordNet sense key format.

The format is lemma%part_of_speech:synset_type:sense_number:tag_count.
1:11 - the 11 might refer to something else. Actually in WordNet 3.0 sense keys, the format is lemma%lex_sense where lex_sense = ss_type:lex_filenum:lex_id:head_word:head_id.

lex_filenum 11 = noun.act? No, let me recall:
1 = noun Tops
2 = noun.act? No...

Actually, the lex_filenum values:
1 = noun.Tops
2 = noun.act
3 = noun.animal
4 = noun.artifact
5 = noun.attribute
6 = noun.body
7 = noun.cognition
8 = noun.communication
9 = noun.event
10 = noun.feeling
11 = noun.food
...

Hmm, that doesn't seem right either. Let me think again.

Actually:
1:04 - noun.act (lex_filenum 4 = noun.artifact? No)

Let me just focus on the definitions and context.

The context: "an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time"

This is about making progress in a negotiation - a change for the better, progress in development. Sense 2 seems best: "a change for the better; progress in development" with synonyms improvement, betterment.

But wait - sense 1 and sense 4 both have "progress" as a synonym, which is very fitting for "an important advance in a negotiation."

Sense 4 says "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)" - the negotiation is moving toward a goal (a deal). This fits well.

Sense 2 says "a change for the better; progress in development" - the negotiation is improving/progressing.

In the context of negotiations, "advance" typically means progress toward a goal. The document is seen as progress in the negotiation process.

I think sense 2 is the best fit because it's about abstract progress/improvement in development, which matches the context of a negotiation making progress. The negotiation is "running out of time" and this document represents "an important advance" - a positive step forward, a change for the better.

Actually, let me reconsider between senses 1, 2, and 4 more carefully.

Sense 1: "a movement forward" - synonyms: progress, progression. Example: "he listened for the progress of the troops" - this is about physical movement forward.

Sense 2: "a change for the better; progress in development" - synonyms: improvement, betterment. This is about abstract improvement.

Sense 4: "the act of moving forward (as toward a goal)" - synonyms: progress, progression, procession, advancement, forward motion, onward motion. This is about moving toward a goal, which could be abstract.

In the context, "an important advance in a negotiation" - the negotiation is moving toward a goal (a political deal). This seems like it could be sense 4 (moving forward toward a goal) or sense 2 (a change for the better).

I think sense 2 fits best because:
1. The document represents an improvement/betterment in the negotiation process
2. "A change for the better; progress in development" captures the essence of what's being described
3. The negotiation is developing/making progress

But sense 4 also fits because the negotiation is moving forward toward a goal.

I'll go with sense 2, as "a change for the better; progress in development" best captures the abstract notion of progress in a negotiation context. The fact that the text says "important advance" suggests it's about the quality of progress (a change for the better) rather than just the act of moving forward.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: negotiation
Target surface form: negotiation
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a <t>negotiation</t> that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=negotiation%1:10:00:: | definition=a discussion intended to produce an agreement | synonyms=dialogue, talks | examples=the buyout negotiation lasted several days; they disagreed but kept an open dialogue
2. sense_key=negotiation%1:04:00:: | definition=the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a U.N. climate conference where a document was released outlining greenhouse-gas reductions. This document could provide the basis for a final political deal. The text is seen as an important advance in a "negotiation" that is running out of time.

Sense 1: a discussion intended to produce an agreement (synonyms: dialogue, talks)
Sense 2: the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms

The context describes a high-level political/diplomatic process involving U.N. conferences, world leaders, and drafting documents for a political deal. This fits "talks" or "dialogue" — a discussion intended to produce an agreement.

Sense 2 seems more about the activity or business of negotiating (like the profession or process of negotiation in a business sense).

Looking at the examples for Sense 1: "the buyout negotiation lasted several days" — this is about a specific discussion/event.

In the context, "an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time" refers to the ongoing diplomatic talks/discussions at the climate conference aimed at producing an agreement (a final political deal). This aligns well with Sense 1: a discussion intended to produce an agreement.

Sense 2 is "the activity or business of negotiating an agreement; coming to terms" — this is more abstract, referring to the activity or business.

The context here is about a specific negotiation (the climate talks) — a discussion intended to produce an agreement. Sense 1 seems like the best fit.

Let me double-check. The sentence says "an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time." This refers to the ongoing discussion/talks at the conference. Sense 1's synonyms (dialogue, talks) fit well with a climate conference context.

I'll go with Sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: time
Target surface form: time
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of <t>time</t>, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=time%1:11:00:: | definition=an instance or single occasion for some event | synonyms=clip | examples=this time he succeeded; he called four times
2. sense_key=time%1:28:05:: | definition=a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something | examples=take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish
3. sense_key=time%1:28:00:: | definition=an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities) | examples=he waited a long time; the time of year for planting
4. sense_key=time%1:28:06:: | definition=a suitable moment | examples=it is time to go
5. sense_key=time%1:03:00:: | definition=the continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past
6. sense_key=time%1:11:01:: | definition=a person's experience on a particular occasion | examples=he had a time holding back the tears; they had a good time together
7. sense_key=time%1:28:03:: | definition=a reading of a point in time as given by a clock | synonyms=clock time | examples=do you know what time it is?; the time is 10 o'clock
8. sense_key=time%1:28:04:: | definition=the fourth coordinate that is required (along with three spatial dimensions) to specify a physical event | synonyms=fourth dimension
9. sense_key=time%1:07:01:: | definition=rhythm as given by division into parts of equal duration | synonyms=meter, metre
10. sense_key=time%1:28:01:: | definition=the period of time a prisoner is imprisoned | synonyms=prison term, sentence | examples=he served a prison term of 15 months; his sentence was 5 to 10 years

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a negotiation that is "running out of time".
"running out of time" means there is not enough time left to accomplish something.
Sense 2: "a period of time considered as a resource under your control and sufficient to accomplish something" | examples="take time to smell the roses; I didn't have time to finish" - this matches "running out of time" perfectly, treating time as a resource that can be exhausted.
Sense 3: "an indefinite period (usually marked by specific attributes or activities)" - examples: "he waited a long time; the time of year for planting" - not quite.
Let's check the other senses.
Sense 1: instance or single occasion.
Sense 4: suitable moment.
Sense 5: continuum of experience.
Sense 6: person's experience.
Sense 7: clock time.
Sense 8: fourth coordinate.
Sense 9: rhythm.
Sense 10: prison term.

"running out of time" refers to time as a resource (Sense 2).
"more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week." -> the negotiation is running out of time to accomplish a deal.

So sense 2 is the best fit.

provider: Inceptron


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: leader
Target surface form: leaders
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world <t>leaders</t> arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=leader%1:18:00:: | definition=a person who rules or guides or inspires others
2. sense_key=leader%1:06:00:: | definition=a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss in order to draw customers | synonyms=drawing card, loss leader

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "leaders" in the context: "with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week."
Sense 1: a person who rules or guides or inspires others
Sense 2: a featured article of merchandise sold at a loss in order to draw customers

In this context, "world leaders" refers to political leaders (heads of state, etc.) arriving at a climate conference. This matches Sense 1.

The answer should be {"sense_index": 1}.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: week
Target surface form: week
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next <t>week</t>. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=week%1:28:00:: | definition=any period of seven consecutive days | synonyms=hebdomad | examples=it rained for a week
2. sense_key=week%1:28:01:: | definition=hours or days of work in a calendar week | synonyms=workweek | examples=they worked a 40-hour week
3. sense_key=week%1:28:02:: | definition=a period of seven consecutive days starting on Sunday | synonyms=calendar week

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is "with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week."
This refers to a period of seven consecutive days in the general sense - "next week" meaning the upcoming week. It's not about a workweek (hours/days of work), and while it could be a calendar week, the most general sense fits best: "any period of seven consecutive days."
The phrase "next week" in common usage typically refers to the upcoming calendar week, but in WordNet terms, sense 1 (any period of seven consecutive days) is the most general and appropriate sense here. It's not specifically about a workweek, and while "next week" often aligns with a calendar week, the general sense of "any period of seven consecutive days" is the standard interpretation.

Sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: text
Target surface form: text
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the <t>text</t> is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=text%1:10:00:: | definition=the words of something written | synonyms=textual matter | examples=there were more than a thousand words of text; they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech
2. sense_key=text%1:10:03:: | definition=a passage from the Bible that is used as the subject of a sermon | examples=the preacher chose a text from Psalms to introduce his sermon
3. sense_key=text%1:10:02:: | definition=a book prepared for use in schools or colleges | synonyms=textbook, text edition, schoolbook, school text | examples=his economics textbook is in its tenth edition; the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy
4. sense_key=text%1:10:01:: | definition=the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.) | examples=pictures made the text easier to understand

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "text" refers to a document outlining greenhouse-gas reductions, which is "the words of something written." It's not a Bible passage, not a textbook, and not the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations). It's referring to the written document itself.

Sense 1: "the words of something written" - fits well, as it refers to the document/text that was released.

Sense 4: "the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.)" - this is about the main body vs. illustrations/footnotes, which doesn't fit here.

So sense 1 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: money
Target surface form: money
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much <t>money</t> rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=money%1:21:00:: | definition=the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender | examples=we tried to collect the money he owed us
2. sense_key=money%1:21:02:: | definition=wealth reckoned in terms of money | examples=all his money is in real estate
3. sense_key=money%1:21:01:: | definition=the official currency issued by a government or national bank | examples=he changed his money into francs

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "money" appears in the context: "how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming"

Here, "money" refers to the most common medium of exchange that functions as legal tender - the actual funds/cash that rich countries would give to poor ones. This is about money as a medium of exchange being transferred.

Sense 1: "the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender" - example: "we tried to collect the money he owed us" - This fits well. The money being given is the medium of exchange.

Sense 2: "wealth reckoned in terms of money" - example: "all his money is in real estate" - This is about wealth/assets, not about money as a transferable medium.

Sense 3: "the official currency issued by a government or national bank" - example: "he changed his money into francs" - This is about currency in the sense of a specific national currency.

The context is about how much money rich countries would give poor ones - this is money as a medium of exchange being transferred, which matches sense 1 best. The example "we tried to collect the money he owed us" is very similar in structure to "how much money rich countries would give poor ones."

So the answer is sense_index 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: country
Target surface form: countries
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich <t>countries</t> would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=country%1:14:00:: | definition=a politically organized body of people under a single government | synonyms=state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic | examples=the state has elected a new president; African nations
2. sense_key=country%1:15:00:: | definition=the territory occupied by a nation | synonyms=state, land | examples=he returned to the land of his birth; he visited several European countries
3. sense_key=country%1:14:01:: | definition=the people who live in a nation or country | synonyms=nation, land | examples=a statement that sums up the nation's mood; the news was announced to the nation
4. sense_key=country%1:15:01:: | definition=an area outside of cities and towns | synonyms=rural area | examples=his poetry celebrated the slower pace of life in the country
5. sense_key=country%1:15:02:: | definition=a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography) | synonyms=area | examples=it was a mountainous area; Bible country

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "countries" in the phrase "rich countries would give poor ones".
Context is about the U.N. climate conference, greenhouse gases, rich countries giving money to poor ones.
Sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government" (state, nation, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic)
Sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation" (state, land)
Sense 3: "the people who live in a nation or country" (nation, land)

"rich countries" refers to the nations themselves as political/economic entities. "rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming".
It implies the governments or the nations as states.
Let's look at sense 1 vs sense 2 vs sense 3.
"rich countries" -> usually refers to the nation as a political entity or its people. "rich countries" implies the economic status of the nation. "countries" is often used interchangeably with "nations".
Sense 1: "politically organized body of people under a single government" -> examples: "African nations"
Sense 2: "the territory occupied by a nation" -> examples: "he visited several European countries"
Sense 3: "the people who live in a nation or country"

When we say "rich countries would give poor ones money", it means the governments of the rich nations giving money to the poor nations. This aligns well with sense 1 (a politically organized body of people under a single government) or sense 3 (the people who live in a nation or country). However, "rich countries" generally refers to the country as a political entity (state/nation).
Let's check the definition of sense 1: "a politically organized body of people under a single government". Synonyms: state, nation, land, commonwealth.
Sense 3 is "the people who live in a nation or country".

Actually, "countries" meaning states or nations. Let's think about "rich countries". In international relations, "rich countries" means rich nations, which are politically organized bodies. Thus, sense 1.
Wait, could it be sense 3? "The people who live in a nation or country" -> "the nation's mood".
Usually, when a country gives money, the government gives it. The government represents the state. Sense 1 is "state, nation".
Sense 1 fits "state, nation".
Sense 2 is "the territory occupied by a nation". "rich territory" wouldn't fit the political entity giving money.
Therefore, sense 1 is the best.

Let's double check Sense 1: "country%1:14:00::".
"rich countries" = "rich nations". "African nations" is an example for sense 1.
I will choose sense 1.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: one
Target surface form: ones
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor <t>ones</t> to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=one%1:23:00:: | definition=the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number | synonyms=1, I, ace, single, unity | examples=he has the one but will need a two and three to go with it; they had lunch at one
2. sense_key=one%1:09:00:: | definition=a single person or thing | examples=he is the best one; this is the one I ordered

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "ones" in the context: "how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming"

Here, "ones" refers to "poor countries" - it's a pronoun substituting for the noun "countries." This is a use of "one" as a pronoun referring to a single person or thing (or in plural, things).

Sense 1: the smallest whole number (the number 1)
Sense 2: a single person or thing

The context uses "ones" as a pronoun replacing "countries" - referring to things/entities. This matches sense 2: "a single person or thing."

The example "he is the best one" shows "one" used as a pronoun referring to a person, similar to how "ones" here refers to countries.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: term
Target surface form: term
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long <t>term</t>. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=term%1:10:00:: | definition=a word or expression used for some particular thing | examples=he learned many medical terms
2. sense_key=term%1:28:00:: | definition=a limited period of time | examples=a prison term; he left school before the end of term
3. sense_key=term%1:10:02:: | definition=(usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement | synonyms=condition | examples=the contract set out the conditions of the lease; the terms of the treaty were generous
4. sense_key=term%1:09:00:: | definition=any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial | examples=the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree
5. sense_key=term%1:10:01:: | definition=one of the substantive phrases in a logical proposition | examples=the major term of a syllogism must occur twice
6. sense_key=term%1:28:01:: | definition=the end of gestation or point at which birth is imminent | synonyms=full term | examples=a healthy baby born at full term
7. sense_key=term%1:06:00:: | definition=(architecture) a statue or a human bust or an animal carved out of the top of a square pillar; originally used as a boundary marker in ancient Rome | synonyms=terminus, terminal figure

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word "term" appears in the phrase "over the short and long term." This refers to a period of time. The context discusses climate negotiations and actions "over the short and long term," meaning in the near future and in the distant future.

Sense 2: "a limited period of time" with examples "a prison term; he left school before the end of term" - this fits best.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: range
Target surface form: range
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a <t>range</t> of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=range%1:07:00:: | definition=an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: | synonyms=scope, reach, orbit, compass, ambit | examples=the range of a supersonic jet; a piano has a greater range than the human voice
2. sense_key=range%1:15:01:: | definition=the limits within which something can be effective | synonyms=reach | examples=range of motion; he was beyond the reach of their fire
3. sense_key=range%1:15:02:: | definition=a large tract of grassy open land on which livestock can graze | examples=they used to drive the cattle across the open range every spring; he dreamed of a home on the range
4. sense_key=range%1:17:00:: | definition=a series of hills or mountains | synonyms=mountain range, range of mountains, chain, mountain chain, chain of mountains | examples=the valley was between two ranges of hills; the plains lay just beyond the mountain range
5. sense_key=range%1:06:00:: | definition=a place for shooting (firing or driving) projectiles of various kinds | examples=the army maintains a missile range in the desert; any good golf club will have a range where you can practice
6. sense_key=range%1:14:00:: | definition=a variety of different things or activities | examples=he answered a range of questions; he was impressed by the range and diversity of the collection
7. sense_key=range%1:14:01:: | definition=(mathematics) the set of values of the dependent variable for which a function is defined | synonyms=image, range of a function | examples=the image of f(x) = x^2 is the set of all non-negative real numbers if the domain of the function is the set of all real numbers
8. sense_key=range%1:09:00:: | definition=the limit of capability | synonyms=compass, reach, grasp | examples=within the compass of education
9. sense_key=range%1:06:01:: | definition=a kitchen appliance used for cooking food | synonyms=stove, kitchen stove, kitchen range, cooking stove | examples=dinner was already on the stove

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content: The target word "range" appears in the phrase "a range of options for the key questions." This means a variety of different options. Looking at the senses, sense 6 has the definition "a variety of different things or activities" with the example "he answered a range of questions." This matches the context perfectly.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: option
Target surface form: options
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of <t>options</t> for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=option%1:21:00:: | definition=the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited
2. sense_key=option%1:09:00:: | definition=one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen | synonyms=alternative, choice | examples=what option did I have?; there no other alternative
3. sense_key=option%1:04:00:: | definition=the act of choosing or selecting | synonyms=choice, selection, pick | examples=your choice of colors was unfortunate; you can take your pick

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context is about a U.N. document providing a range of "options" for key questions. This means alternatives or choices that can be selected from.

Sense 1: financial option (right to buy/sell) - doesn't fit
Sense 2: one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen - fits well
Sense 3: the act of choosing or selecting - doesn't fit as well

The text says "it provides a range of options for the key questions" - these are alternatives/choices available.

Sense 2 is the best fit.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: question
Target surface form: questions
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key <t>questions</t>, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=question%1:10:00:: | definition=an instance of questioning | synonyms=inquiry, enquiry, query, interrogation | examples=there was a question about my training; we made inquiries of all those who were present
2. sense_key=question%1:10:01:: | definition=the subject matter at issue | synonyms=head | examples=the question of disease merits serious discussion; under the head of minor Roman poets
3. sense_key=question%1:10:03:: | definition=a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply | synonyms=interrogation, interrogative, interrogative sentence | examples=he asked a direct question; he had trouble phrasing his interrogations
4. sense_key=question%1:07:00:: | definition=uncertainty about the truth or factuality or existence of something | synonyms=doubt, dubiousness, doubtfulness | examples=the dubiousness of his claim; there is no question about the validity of the enterprise
5. sense_key=question%1:10:02:: | definition=a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote | synonyms=motion | examples=he made a motion to adjourn; she called for the question
6. sense_key=question%1:10:04:: | definition=an informal reference to a marriage proposal | examples=he was ready to pop the question

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

raw_output:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

content:
```json
{"sense_index": 2}
```

reasoning_content:
The target word is "questions" in the context: "And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate."

Here, "the key questions" refers to the subject matters at issue in the climate negotiation. These are topics/issues that need to be resolved - "how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output" and "what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise." These are not instances of questioning someone, nor are they sentences of inquiry, nor doubts, nor formal proposals, nor marriage proposals.

Sense 2: "the subject matter at issue" with examples "the question of disease merits serious discussion" fits well. The "key questions" here are the key issues/topics that need to be resolved in the negotiation.

Sense 1: "an instance of questioning" - this could also work, but the examples suggest more of an act of questioning someone.

Let me think more carefully. "The key questions" - these are matters/issues at issue. "How developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output" is a topic/issue, not literally a question being asked to someone. It's a subject matter that needs to be addressed.

Sense 2 seems the best fit: "the subject matter at issue."


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: upper_limit
Target surface form: upper limit
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the <t>upper limit</t> of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=upper_limit%1:23:00:: | definition=the largest possible quantity | synonyms=maximum
2. sense_key=upper_limit%1:15:00:: | definition=the limit on the upper (or northernmost) side of something

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The context discusses "upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate." This refers to the maximum amount of temperature rise that would be tolerated - the largest possible quantity or maximum.

Sense 1: "the largest possible quantity" with synonym "maximum" - this fits the context of a maximum tolerable temperature rise.
Sense 2: "the limit on the upper (or northernmost) side of something" - this is more spatial/geographic.

Sense 1 is clearly the correct choice here.


[System] You are an English linguist performing fine-grained Word Sense Disambiguation. WordNet glosses are schematic. Use the sentence context, the examples, and the synonyms to choose the best indexed sense. Do not hedge. Choose the single best indexed sense.

[User]
Target lemma: temperature
Target surface form: temperature
Context:
U.N. group drafts plan to reduce emissions The U.N.-sponsored climate conference -- characterized so far by unruly posturing and mutual recriminations -- gained renewed focus Friday with the release of a document outlining ambitious greenhouse-gas reductions over the next 40 years, with industrialized nations shouldering most of the burden in the near term. The text, which could provide the basis for a final political deal to regulate greenhouse gases, highlighted the remaining obstacles as much as it illuminated a path forward. But it was seen as an important advance in a negotiation that is running out of time, with more than 100 world leaders arriving in Copenhagen next week. Forged by a U.N. ad-hoc working group, the text is silent on how much money rich countries would give poor ones to cope with global warming over the short and long term. And it provides a range of options for the key questions, including how developed and major emerging economies would cut their carbon output, and what would be the upper limit of global <t>temperature</t> rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate. It gives a lot of flexibility to the process, said John Coequyt, senior Washington representative for the Sierra Club.

Candidate senses:
1. sense_key=temperature%1:07:00:: | definition=the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)
2. sense_key=temperature%1:09:00:: | definition=the somatic sensation of cold or heat

Instructions:
1. Choose the single best indexed sense for the target word in context.
2. WordNet glosses are schematic; use the context, synonyms, and examples together.
3. Do not answer with a WordNet sense key.
4. Return only a JSON object exactly like {"sense_index": 3}.

reasoning_content:
The target word is "temperature" in the context: "what would be the upper limit of global temperature rise that policymakers would be willing to tolerate."

This is about global warming/climate change, referring to the degree of hotness or coldness of the environment (the Earth's climate).

Sense 1: the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity) - this fits perfectly as it refers to the environmental temperature.

Sense 2: the somatic sensation of cold or heat - this refers to the physical sensation of temperature, not the actual measurement.

The answer is sense 1.