[User]
Which numbered sense of "burden" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Both sides see immigrants as a <t>burden</t> on the French economy and on French society.

Senses:
1. definition=an onerous or difficult concern | examples=the burden of responsibility
2. definition=weight to be borne or conveyed
3. definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work
4. definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the input sentence:** "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French society."
    *   Key phrase: "burden on the French economy and on French society".
    *   Context: Immigrants are perceived negatively, as something heavy or difficult to support/manage. The economy and society are the entities carrying this "weight" metaphorically.

2.  **Analyze the provided senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "an onerous or difficult concern" with examples like "the burden of responsibility".
    *   Sense 2: "weight to be borne or conveyed". This is usually physical weight (like a heavy load on a truck).
    *   Sense 3: "the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work". This is a specialized literary meaning (e.g., "the burden of the argument").
    *   Sense 4: "the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse". Similar to sense 3, also specialized.

3.  **Match sentence context to senses:**
    *   Does it mean physical weight? No. (Eliminates Sense 2).
    *   Does it mean the theme of a speech or document? No. (Eliminates Senses 3 and 4).
    *   Does it mean a difficult concern or something hard to bear? Yes. In this context, the immigrants are viewed as a strain or a difficult responsibility for the economy/society to handle. This aligns perfectly with Sense 1 ("an onerous or difficult concern").

4.  **Verify Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: "an onerous or difficult concern".
    *   Example provided: "the burden of responsibility".
    *   Target usage: "burden on the French economy".
    *   Metaphorically, the economy is "carrying" a difficult load/concern.

5.  **Final Conclusion:** The correct sense is 1.

6.  **Format Output:** The user requested "only the number of the correct sense".

    *   Result: 1.


attempt_kind: initial

status: success

[User]
Which numbered sense of "economy" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society.

Senses:
1. definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption
2. definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort
3. definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy
4. definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day

finish_reason: stop

role: assistant

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target word: "economy".
    *   Context sentence: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French <t>economy</t> and on French society."
    *   Task: Identify the correct sense from the provided list.
    *   Constraint: Return *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The sentence discusses immigrants being a "burden" on the "French economy".
    *   This refers to the overall financial system, production, trade, and wealth of the country (France).
    *   It's a macro-level concept referring to the state of the country's financial health.

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* "definition=the system of production and distribution and consumption".
        *   This fits perfectly. The "French economy" refers to the entire system of how France produces, distributes, and consumes goods and services. A burden on this system means a strain on its resources or finances.
    *   *Sense 2:* "definition=the efficient use of resources | examples=economy of effort".
        *   This usually refers to a specific quality or principle (doing more with less), often used in phrases like "economy of motion" or "economy of scale" (though scale is slightly different). It doesn't fit "French economy" as a noun phrase representing the system itself.
    *   *Sense 3:* "definition=frugality in the expenditure of money or resources | examples=the Scots are famous for their economy".
        *   This refers to the trait of being thrifty or saving money. "Burden on the French frugality" doesn't make sense in this context.
    *   *Sense 4:* "definition=an act of economizing; reduction in cost | examples=it was a small economy to walk to work every day".
        *   This refers to a specific act of saving money. "Burden on the French act of saving money" is semantically incorrect.

4.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   Context implies the national financial system.
    *   Sense 1 defines the system of production, distribution, and consumption.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct match.

5.  **Final Output Formulation:**
    *   The user requested *only* the number.
    *   The number is 1.

format: unknown

native_finish_reason: stop

provider: DigitalOcean

currency: USD


[User]
Which numbered sense of "society" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>.

Senses:
1. definition=an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
2. definition=a formal association of people with similar interests | examples=he joined a golf club
3. definition=the state of being with someone | examples=he missed their company
4. definition=the fashionable elite

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target word: "society" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Context sentence: "Both sides see immigrants as a burden on the French economy and on French <t>society</t>."
    *   Task: Identify the correct sense number from the provided list.
    *   Output constraint: Return *only* the number of the correct sense.

2.  **Analyze the Context Sentence:**
    *   "French society" refers to the collective population of France, their culture, their social structure, and their way of life.
    *   The sentence discusses immigrants being a "burden" on this entity. This implies a broad, societal level impact, not a specific club or mere presence.
    *   It collocates with "French economy," suggesting a parallel broad institutional or structural concept.

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization".
        *   Does this fit? Yes. "French society" refers to the people of France as a collective group with a specific culture and social organization. It aligns perfectly with the context of national impact (economy and society).
    *   **Sense 2:** "a formal association of people with similar interests | examples=he joined a golf club".
        *   Does this fit? No. This refers to a specific club or organization (like a historical society or a gardening society). While "French Society" could theoretically be a specific club name, the context "burden on the French economy and on French society" clearly refers to the nation, not a club.
    *   **Sense 3:** "the state of being with someone | examples=he missed their company".
        *   Does this fit? No. This definition usually corresponds to "company" or "companionship". "French society" here is not referring to the state of being with French people.
    *   **Sense 4:** "the fashionable elite".
        *   Does this fit? No. Sometimes "society" means "high society" (e.g., "She was a fixture in New York society"). However, the text says "French society" in the context of a burden on the economy, which refers to the general population and social structure, not specifically the wealthy/fashionable class.

4.  **Select the Best Match:**
    *   Sense 1 captures the macro-level concept of a nation's social group and structure.

5.  **Final Output Formulation:**
    *   The user requested *only* the number.
    *   Selected Sense: 1.

6.  **Final Check:** Does "French society" in the sentence mean an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization? Yes. It refers to the collective populace and social system of France.

    Result: 1.

provider: StreamLake


[User]
Which numbered sense of "difference" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The only <t>difference</t> resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock
2. definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | examples=the deviation from the mean
3. definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | examples=he had a dispute with his wife
4. definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing
5. definition=the number that remains after subtraction; the number that when added to the subtrahend gives the minuend

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target word: "difference".
    *   Sentence: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   Task: Identify the correct sense number from the provided list.
    *   Output constraint: Return *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Sentence:**
    *   Context: Comparing two (implied) things, situations, or attitudes.
    *   Key phrase: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity..."
    *   Meaning: There is a specific point of dissimilarity between two scenarios. One scenario involves a certain degree of generosity, the other involves a different degree. This is a point of contrast or unlikeness.

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* "definition=the quality of being unlike or dissimilar | examples=there are many differences between jazz and rock". This refers to the state of being different or a specific point of unlikeness. The sentence says "the only difference resides in...", meaning "the only point of dissimilarity is...". This fits well.
    *   *Sense 2:* "definition=a variation that deviates from the standard or norm | examples=the deviation from the mean". This implies a statistical or normative deviation. The sentence doesn't talk about a standard or norm; it talks about a comparison between two specific things regarding generosity. This is less likely.
    *   *Sense 3:* "definition=a disagreement or argument about something important | examples=he had a dispute with his wife". This is synonymous with "dispute" or "quarrel". The sentence discusses a characteristic (degree of generosity), not a conflict between people. Incorrect.
    *   *Sense 4:* "definition=a significant change | examples=the difference in her is amazing". This implies a transformation over time or a striking effect. The sentence is comparing two states, not necessarily describing a transformation of a single entity, though it's close to "dissimilarity". However, Sense 1 is the fundamental definition of "difference" as a point of contrast. Sense 4 usually implies "making a difference" (effect) or a noticeable change in state. "The only difference resides in..." is a structural comparison, fitting Sense 1 better.
    *   *Sense 5:* "definition=the number that remains after subtraction...". This is the mathematical definition. The sentence is not about math. Incorrect.

4.  **Compare Sentence Meaning vs. Best Sense:**
    *   The sentence identifies the specific way in which two things are not alike.
    *   Sense 1 defines "difference" as "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar".
    *   Example for Sense 1: "differences between jazz and rock". This structure (difference between X and Y) aligns with the sentence's implication (difference between two unstated scenarios).
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct match.

5.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Sentence: "The only [point of dissimilarity] resides in..."
    *   Sense 1: "the quality of being unlike or dissimilar".
    *   Match confirmed.

6.  **Format Output:**
    *   Return only the number: 1.

provider: Baidu


[User]
Which numbered sense of "degree" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence
2. definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness
3. definition=an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study | examples=he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude
4. definition=a measure for arcs and angles | examples=there are 360 degrees in a circle
5. definition=the highest power of a term or variable
6. definition=a unit of temperature on a specified scale | examples=the game was played in spite of the 40-degree temperature
7. definition=the seriousness of something (e.g., a burn or crime) | examples=murder in the second degree

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "degree" from a provided list of 7 senses, based on a specific sentence. The output must be *only* the number of the correct sense.

2.  **Analyze the Sentence:**
    *   Sentence: "The only difference resides in the <t>degree</t> of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   Key phrase: "degree of generosity".
    *   Context: The sentence compares how much generosity is granted. It talks about the amount, level, or extent of a quality (generosity).

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality". Example: "a moderate grade of intelligence".
        *   *Fit:* "Generosity" is a quality. "Degree of generosity" refers to the amount or intensity of that quality. This seems like a very strong match.
    *   **Sense 2:** "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process". Example: "a remarkable degree of frankness".
        *   *Fit:* "Frankness" is similar to "generosity". "Degree of frankness" is very similar to "degree of generosity". This sense is often used for abstract qualities as well.
        *   *Comparison with Sense 1:* Let's look closely at the definitions.
            *   Sense 1 focuses on "intensity or amount or quality".
            *   Sense 2 focuses on "position in a continuum... or process".
            *   Often, dictionaries (like WordNet, which this list resembles) distinguish between the general measure of a quality (Sense 1) and a specific stage/point (Sense 2).
            *   Let's check the examples provided in the prompt.
                *   Sense 1 example: "a moderate grade of intelligence". (Wait, the example uses "grade" but the definition is for "degree"? This suggests the lemmas might be grouped or it's a synset specific mapping).
                *   Sense 2 example: "a remarkable degree of frankness".
            *   "Generosity" is a quality. We are talking about *how much* generosity.
            *   Let's look at standard WordNet definitions (since this looks like WordNet data).
                *   WordNet 3.0:
                    *   (n) degree, grade, level (a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality) "a moderate grade of intelligence"; "a high level of care is required"; "it is all a matter of degree". -> This corresponds to Sense 1 in the prompt.
                    *   (n) degree, level, stage, point (a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process) "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?". -> This corresponds to Sense 2 in the prompt.
            *   Wait, WordNet puts "frankness" under Sense 2 ("specific identifiable position..."). However, semantically, "amount of quality" (Sense 1) fits "generosity" very well.
            *   Let's re-evaluate the definitions provided in the prompt specifically.
            *   Sense 1: "position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
            *   Sense 2: "specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
            *   "Degree of generosity" refers to the *amount* or *intensity* of the quality.
            *   However, the example for Sense 2 is "a remarkable degree of frankness". This is structurally identical to "a [adjective] degree of [abstract noun]".
            *   Let's look at the example for Sense 1: "a moderate grade of intelligence". Note the word "grade" in the example. If this is WordNet, the synset includes "grade". The example uses "grade". The sentence uses "degree".
            *   Let's look at the distinction usually made.
                *   Sense 1 is usually the "amount/extent" meaning.
                *   Sense 2 is usually the "stage/point" meaning.
            *   However, looking at the example for Sense 2 ("remarkable degree of frankness"), it implies that "degree" is being used to describe the extent of an abstract quality. "Generosity" is an abstract quality.
            *   Let's check which sense typically captures "degree of [abstract quality]".
            *   In many WordNet-derived datasets:
                *   Sense 1 (degree/grade/level): "a moderate grade of intelligence", "a high level of care is required", "it is all a matter of degree".
                *   Sense 2 (degree/level/stage/point): "a remarkable degree of frankness", "at what stage are the social sciences?".
            *   There is an overlap. Both cover abstract qualities to some extent.
            *   Let's look at the specific phrasing "degree of generosity".
            *   If we look at the provided text: Sense 1 example is "a moderate *grade* of intelligence". Sense 2 example is "a remarkable *degree* of frankness".
            *   Since the target sentence uses the word "degree" explicitly, and Sense 2's example uses "degree" explicitly (whereas Sense 1's example uses "grade"), Sense 2 might be the intended target for "degree of [quality]".
            *   BUT, Sense 1's definition explicitly mentions "quality". "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or **quality**".
            *   Sense 2's definition mentions "continuum or series or especially in a process". While a quality can be a continuum, the definition of Sense 1 fits "amount of quality" perfectly.
            *   Let's reconsider the mapping source (likely WordNet).
                *   WordNet Synset 1: {degree, grade, level}. Definition: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality. Examples: "a moderate grade of intelligence", "a high level of care is required", "it is all a matter of degree".
                *   WordNet Synset 2: {degree, level, stage, point}. Definition: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process. Examples: "a remarkable degree of frankness", "at what stage are the social sciences?".
            *   Why does WordNet put "frankness" in Synset 2?
                *   Perhaps "remarkable degree" implies a specific *identifiable* point on that continuum.
                *   Or perhaps it's just annotation noise in the original resource.
            *   However, "It is all a matter of degree" is in Synset 1. "Degree of generosity" is very similar to "matter of degree".
            *   Let's look at the prompt's Sense 1 again. Definition: "a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality". This definition is a perfect semantic fit for "degree of generosity". Generosity is a quality. We are measuring its intensity/amount.
            *   Let's look at Sense 2 again. Definition: "a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process". Does "degree of generosity" fit "position in a process"? Not really. Does it fit "position in a continuum"? Yes, but Sense 1 fits "scale of quality" better.
            *   Let's check the examples again. Sense 2 example: "a remarkable degree of frankness". This example is confusing because "frankness" is a quality, fitting Sense 1's definition ("scale of ... quality"). Why is it Sense 2?
            *   Maybe the distinction in this specific dataset is:
                *   Sense 1: General magnitude/extent (often used with "grade", "level").
                *   Sense 2: Specific measurement phrases (often used with "degree of [noun]").
            *   Let's test the definitions against the sentence again.
            *   "The only difference resides in the [amount/intensity] of generosity..." -> Fits Sense 1 definition ("amount or quality").
            *   "The only difference resides in the [position in a process] of generosity..." -> Does not fit.
            *   "The only difference resides in the [position in a continuum] of generosity..." -> Fits, but is less specific than "amount or quality".
            *   Usually, WSD (Word Sense Disambiguation) systems prioritize the definition match.
            *   Definition 1: "scale of intensity or amount or quality".
            *   Definition 2: "continuum or series or especially in a process".
            *   "Generosity" is a quality. The sentence discusses the extent/amount of that quality.
            *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the most logical fit based on the *definition text provided*.
            *   However, the example in Sense 2 ("degree of frankness") is dangerously close to "degree of generosity".
            *   Let's look closer at the provided examples.
                *   Sense 1: "a moderate grade of intelligence". (Note: uses 'grade').
                *   Sense 2: "a remarkable degree of frankness". (Note: uses 'degree').
            *   If this is from a specific corpus (like SEMCOR), "degree of frankness" is tagged as Sense 2.
            *   Why? Often in WordNet, Synset 1 (degree/grade/level) acts as a hypernym or a general state, while Synset 2 (degree/level/stage) is often used for specific 'points' reached. But frankly, Sense 1 covers "quality" explicitly.
            *   Let's look at a similar WSD task logic.
            *   "To a certain degree" -> usually Sense 1 or 2.
            *   "Degree of error" -> Sense 1.
            *   "Degree of frankness" -> In WordNet, this is Sense 2.
            *   "Degree of generosity" -> Is it like "frankness" or like "intelligence"?
            *   "Intelligence" example in Sense 1 uses the word "grade". "Frankness" example in Sense 2 uses the word "degree".
            *   If the system relies on the word "degree" appearing in the example:
                *   Sense 1 example does not contain the word "degree" (it contains "grade").
                *   Sense 2 example contains the word "degree".
            *   This suggests that in this specific dictionary source, Sense 2 is the one associated with the specific construction "degree of [abstract noun]".
            *   Let's compare definitions again.
                *   Sense 1: "position on a scale... of quality".
                *   Sense 2: "position in a continuum...".
            *   Generosity is a quality. It varies by intensity/amount.
            *   If I define "degree": "the amount, level, or extent of something".
            *   Sense 1 defines this: "amount or quality".
            *   Sense 2 defines "position in a continuum".
            *   Semantically, Sense 1 is the best definition. "Generosity" is a quality. We are talking about the level of that quality.
            *   But if I follow the pattern of the *examples provided*:
                *   Sense 2 example "a remarkable degree of frankness" matches the sentence structure "degree of generosity" perfectly.
            *   Let's check WordNet 3.0 online viewer.
                *   Synset 05188320-n: degree, grade, level. Definition: a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality. Examples: "a moderate grade of intelligence", "a high level of care is required", "it is all a matter of degree".
                *   Synset 05189209-n: degree, level, stage, point. Definition: a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process. Examples: "a remarkable degree of frankness", "at what stage are the social sciences?".
            *   This confirms the dataset is likely WordNet 3.0.
            *   Now, which sense is "degree of generosity"?
            *   It functions exactly like "degree of frankness".
            *   If "degree of frankness" is tagged as Sense 2 in the resource, then "degree of generosity" should be Sense 2.
            *   *Counter-argument*: "Generosity" is a quality. Sense 1 definition explicitly mentions "quality". Sense 2 definition mentions "continuum or process". Frankness is a quality, yet WordNet puts it in Sense 2. This is a known quirk/issue in WordNet sense inventories where senses are sometimes split by collocation/usage pattern rather than strict semantic definition.
            *   Usage pattern:
                *   Sense 1: Often modified by adjectives like "high", "certain", "to a ... degree". (Though examples show "grade" and "level").
                *   Sense 2: Construction "degree of [noun]".
            *   Let's look at the sentence: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity..."
            *   Matches Sense 2 example: "degree of frankness".
            *   Matches Sense 1 definition: "scale of... quality".
            *   In WSD tasks, if the example usage is extremely close (same syntactic frame "degree of [abstract quality]"), it usually points to the sense that has that specific example.
            *   The Sense 2 example "a remarkable degree of frankness" establishes that "degree of [quality]" falls under Sense 2 in this specific lexicon.
            *   Therefore, despite Sense 1's definition ("quality") seeming more appropriate semantically, the inventory evidence (the example provided) points to Sense 2.
            *   Let's double check if "generosity" fits Sense 2 definition. "A specific identifiable position in a continuum". Generosity exists on a continuum (from stingy to generous). The sentence talks about "the degree" (a specific position on that continuum) one grants. This fits the definition well enough.
            *   Let's compare "amount of quality" (Sense 1) vs "position on a continuum" (Sense 2).
            *   If I say "a high degree of skill", is it Sense 1 or 2?
                *   WordNet: "high level of care" (Sense 1). "remarkable degree of frankness" (Sense 2).
                *   It seems "degree of [noun]" -> Sense 2.
                *   "Level of [noun]" or "Grade of [noun]" -> Sense 1.
            *   The prompt sentence uses the word "degree" explicitly.
            *   The Sense 2 example uses the word "degree" explicitly.
            *   The Sense 1 example uses the word "grade".
            *   This distinct word usage in examples is a strong heuristic for WSD on WordNet.
            *   Hypothesis: Sense 2 is the correct answer because the syntactic construction matches the example of Sense 2 in the provided list.

            *   Let's try to find a counter-case. "It is all a matter of degree." (Sense 1 example).
            *   "Degree of accuracy" -> Sense 1? (Often mapped to 1).
            *   Let's look at the definitions again very strictly.
            *   Sense 1: "position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality".
            *   Sense 2: "specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process".
            *   "Generosity" is a quality. It fits "scale of quality".
            *   But "degree of generosity" implies a specific point on the scale of generosity.
            *   Is there a significant semantic difference?
            *   Sense 1 focuses on the *scale* aspect (generic).
            *   Sense 2 focuses on the *identifiable position* aspect (specific).
            *   The sentence says "The only difference resides in the degree...". This implies a specific point/amount.
            *   If I look at standard sense disambiguation for WordNet:
                *   "degree of freedom" -> Sense 5.
                *   "degree of emptiness" -> Sense 1.
                *   "degree of precision" -> Sense 1.
                *   "degree of frankness" -> Sense 2 (in the example list provided).
            *   Let's trust the example list provided in the prompt.
            *   Example Sense 2: "a remarkable degree of frankness".
            *   Sentence: "the degree of generosity".
            *   "Generosity" and "frankness" are both positive abstract character traits/qualities.
            *   "Degree of [Trait]" construction.
            *   This construction is explicitly exemplified in Sense 2.
            *   Therefore, the intended answer is likely 2.

            *   Wait, let me check if Sense 1 is the "correct" semantic answer despite the example.
            *   Definition 1: "...scale of... quality".
            *   Definition 2: "...continuum...".
            *   Qualities are scales/continuums.
            *   In many simplified WSD interfaces, these two senses (1 and 2) are often collapsed or the distinction is subtle.
            *   However, if I must choose based on the *provided* text:
            *   The provided text for Sense 2 includes an example: "a remarkable degree of frankness".
            *   "Degree of generosity" is almost identical to "degree of frankness".
            *   The provided text for Sense 1 includes an example: "a moderate grade of intelligence".
            *   The sentence uses "degree", not "grade".
            *   Therefore, based on the lexical evidence in the prompt, Sense 2 is the best fit.

            Let's double check Sense 1 again. "a moderate grade of intelligence". If the sense definition was meant to apply to "degree" directly, the example would likely use "degree" (e.g., "a moderate degree of intelligence"). The fact that the example uses "grade" suggests that Sense 1 is the hypernym sense covering synonyms "grade", "level", and "degree", but the specific collocation "degree of X" (where X is an abstract quality like frankness) is mapped to Sense 2 in this dataset.

            Why would "degree of frankness" be Sense 2?
            Perhaps because "frankness" is viewed here as a continuum where one reaches a certain stage? Or simply because Sense 1 is reserved for "amount/level/grade" in contexts like "to a certain degree" or "levels of intelligence".
            Actually, checking WordNet usage:
            "Degree" in Sense 1 is often "to a degree" or "high degree".
            "Degree" in Sense 2 is often "degree of [noun]".
            Let's verify this hypothesis.
            Example Sense 1: "it is all a matter of degree". (Phrase "matter of degree").
            Example Sense 2: "a remarkable degree of frankness". (Phrase "degree of frankness").
            Target Sentence: "the degree of generosity". (Phrase "degree of generosity").
            This structural similarity (degree + of + noun) aligns perfectly with Sense 2's example.

            Conclusion: Sense 2 is the correct choice.

            Wait, let me step back and think if Sense 1 could be it.
            Definition 1: "amount or quality".
            Generosity is a quality.
            Definition 2: "continuum".
            Generosity is a continuum.
            But "degree of [quality]" is the specific phrase.
            If I look at other sources or dictionaries (like Oxford):
            "Degree: 1. The amount, level, or extent of something." -> Covers "degree of generosity".
            WordNet splits this.
            WordNet Sense 1: position on a scale of... quality.
            WordNet Sense 2: specific identifiable position in a continuum...
            Semantically, they are very close.
            However, the example "a remarkable degree of frankness" for Sense 2 is the clincher. It serves as a "nearest neighbor" for the phrase "degree of generosity". WSD systems (and humans using a gloss/example-based approach) use these examples to differentiate fine-grained senses. Since "frankness" and "generosity" are semantically close (traits) and the syntactic frame matches, Sense 2 is the intended answer.

            Let me check if there are any other interpretations.
            Could it be Sense 7? "seriousness of something". No, not a crime or burn.
            Could it be Sense 3? No, not a diploma.
            Could it be Sense 4 or 6? No, not temperature or geometry.

            So it's 1 vs 2.
            Reasoning for 1: Definition mentions "quality". "Generosity" is a quality.
            Reasoning for 2: Example mentions "degree of frankness". "Generosity" is like "frankness".
            Comparison: In WordNet, "frankness" is tagged to Sense 2. "Generosity" is a similar abstract trait.
            Also, Sense 2's definition "specific identifiable position" fits the usage "the degree... which one deigns to grant". It refers to a specific extent chosen by a person.
            Sense 1's definition "position on a scale" is also valid but the example "grade of intelligence" uses a different headword.
            The prompt asks which sense *marked with <t></t>* is used.
            The sense inventory is the key.
            Sense 1 example: "a moderate **grade** of intelligence".
            Sense 2 example: "a remarkable **degree** of frankness".
            The target sentence uses "**degree**".
            Following the pattern of the provided examples in the list is the safest method for resolving this ambiguity. The example for Sense 2 uses the target word "degree" in the exact same context (abstract quality), whereas the example for Sense 1 uses the synonym "grade".

            Therefore, Sense 2.

            Wait, let me try to argue for Sense 1 again just to be sure.
            "Degree" is the word. Sense 1 definition includes "quality". "Generosity" is a quality.
            If I ignore the examples and look at definitions:
            "The difference resides in the [position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality] of generosity." -> This reads perfectly.
            "The difference resides in the [specific identifiable position in a continuum...] of generosity." -> This reads okay, but "scale of quality" (Sense 1) seems more natural for "generosity" than "continuum" (Sense 2).
            However, WordNet examples are derived from actual corpus instances tagged with those senses.
            The fact that "degree of frankness" is Sense 2 in this list implies that "degree of [abstract quality]" is the domain of Sense 2 in this numbering system.
            If "degree of intelligence" were an example for Sense 1, I might lean there, but the example is "grade of intelligence".
            In standardized WSD tasks (like Senseval/SemEval using WordNet), "degree" in the phrase "degree of [quality]" is typically Sense 2.
            Let's look at a mapping.
            Sense 1: "it is all a matter of degree". "to a certain degree". "a high degree".
            Sense 2: "degree of [noun]". "a remarkable degree of frankness".
            The target sentence is "degree of generosity".
            This matches the Sense 2 pattern.

            Final Decision: Sense 2.
            The key indicators are the specific phrasing "degree of [quality]" and the provided example for Sense 2 "degree of frankness".

            Let's check the definition numbers.
            1. definition=a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality | examples=a moderate grade of intelligence
            2. definition=a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process | examples=a remarkable degree of frankness

            If I am a user looking at this list.
            I see "degree of generosity".
            I look at Sense 1. Definition fits "quality". But example uses "grade".
            I look at Sense 2. Definition fits "continuum". Example uses "degree of frankness".
            "Generosity" is very close to "frankness".
            The phrase "degree of generosity" matches "degree of frankness".
            The user would likely select 2.

            Let's try to verify if "degree of generosity" appears in WordNet annotated corpora.
            Searching for similar contexts...
            Usually, "degree of X" where X is an attribute is sense 2 (05189209-n).
            Sense 1 (05188320-n) is often used for "to a degree", "in some degree", "degree" as a standalone variable measure.
            Let's stick with 2.

            One more check: Does the definition of Sense 1 "scale of intensity or amount or quality" fit better?
            "Amount of generosity" -> Yes.
            "Intensity of generosity" -> Yes.
            So Sense 1 is semantically very strong.
            Why is Sense 2 the answer?
            Because in WordNet, senses are often split by collocation.
            Sense 1 includes the words {degree, grade, level}.
            The example "a moderate grade of intelligence" shows how "level/grade" is used in Sense 1.
            Sense 2 includes {degree, level, stage, point}.
            The example "a remarkable degree of frankness" shows how "degree" is used in Sense 2.
            Since the prompt asks for the sense of the word "degree", and the example for Sense 2 actually uses the word "degree" in the relevant context (abstract quality), while Sense 1 uses "grade", Sense 2 is the intended answer.
            This is a common trick in these questions: the definition might sound right for Sense 1, but the example usage aligns the *specific word* "degree" with Sense 2.

            Final check of the sentence: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity..."
            Is it a "specific identifiable position"? Yes, the amount one grants.
            Is it a "position on a scale"? Yes.
            Both definitions work, but the lexical evidence (examples) points to 2.

            Let's assume the question implies standard WordNet senses.
            Sense 1: 05188320-n.
            Sense 2: 05189209-n.
            Sentence source: Likely a standard corpus.
            "degree of generosity" -> "degree of [abstract]".
            "degree of frankness" is the example for Sense 2.
            "degree of freedom" is Sense 5.
            "degree of certainty" -> often Sense 1 or 2?
            Checking online WSD demos or dictionaries based on WordNet:
            "Degree of certainty" -> usually Sense 2.
            "Degree of success" -> usually Sense 2.
            "Degree of danger" -> usually Sense 2.
            It appears the pattern "degree of [noun]" is strongly associated with Sense 2.
            Sense 1 is more for "degree" as an indefinite magnitude ("to what degree?", "a high degree").

            So, I will output 2.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "generosity" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: The only difference resides in the degree of <t>generosity</t>, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time
2. definition=acting generously

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target word: "generosity".
    *   Context sentence: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   Task: Identify the correct sense number from the provided list.
    *   Output constraint: Return *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Context Sentence:**
    *   "...the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   The sentence talks about the *amount* or *extent* of a quality being granted.
    *   "Granting" generosity implies an act or a measure of kindness/benevolence.
    *   However, looking closely at the structure: "degree of generosity". This refers to the *quality* or *trait* itself (how much generosity exists), rather than a specific act.
    *   Let's look at the senses provided.

3.  **Analyze Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: "the trait of being willing to give your money or time"
    *   Analysis: This defines "generosity" as a noun representing a personal quality or characteristic. The sentence says "the degree of [quality]", which fits perfectly. It's discussing the *level* of that trait. Even though the context is about granting something (perhaps rights, money, asylum), the word "generosity" itself refers to the disposition or the abstract quality being measured.

4.  **Analyze Sense 2:**
    *   Definition: "acting generously"
    *   Analysis: This definition treats "generosity" as an act or the act of being generous (often used as a mass noun regarding the action). While one *can* say "His generosity was appreciated," usually "acting generously" refers to the *behavior*. However, "the degree of acting generously" is slightly more awkward than "the degree of the trait".
    *   Let's look at standard dictionary definitions (WordNet is usually the source for these tasks).
    *   WordNet sense 1 for "generosity": "the trait of being willing to give your money or time" (noun).
    *   WordNet sense 2 for "generosity": "acting generously" (noun). Wait, actually WordNet usually distinguishes between the trait (sense 1) and the act (sense 2).
    *   Let's re-read the sentence carefully: "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity..."
    *   Is it referring to the *trait* (how generous the person is) or the *act* (what is given)?
    *   Context: "...which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   If one "grants generosity", it usually means granting a favor or acting generously. However, the sentence says "the degree of generosity". "Degree" modifies the noun. "Degree of the trait" makes sense. "Degree of the act" makes sense too.
    *   Let's look at the nuances.
    *   Sense 1: The trait/quality. "He has great generosity." (He has the trait).
    *   Sense 2: The act/giving. "He showed generosity to the poor." (He acted generously).
    *   The sentence: "...degree of generosity...".
    *   Does "generosity" here mean the "giving" itself or the "willingness"?
    *   "Grant to immigrants" implies the object is the generosity (the act/giving). One doesn't grant a trait. One grants a favor/kindness. Therefore, "generosity" here refers to the *act* of being generous (giving aid, rights, etc.) rather than the internal personality trait.
    *   Let's check the WordNet mapping again (a common source for these disambiguation questions).
        *   WordNet 3.0/3.1:
            *   Generosity (n):
                *   1: the trait of being willing to give your money or time.
                *   2: the trait of being broad minded (tolerance). -> *Wait, the provided list doesn't have this sense.*
                *   3: acting generously; "his generosity began to worry the committee".
    *   The provided senses are:
        1. definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time
        2. definition=acting generously
    *   Let's re-evaluate based on these specific definitions.
    *   Sentence: "...degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant..."
    *   You grant an *act* or a *favor*. You don't grant a *trait*. You possess a trait, you perform an act.
    *   Therefore, "generosity" here refers to the act of giving (acting generously).
    *   Example: "He showed generosity." -> He acted generously.
    *   Example: "He is known for his generosity." -> He has the trait.
    *   In "degree of generosity which one deigns to grant", the subject ("one") is performing an action ("grant") on the "generosity". You cannot grant a personality trait to an immigrant. You grant an act of kindness (generosity in action).
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 ("acting generously") fits the grammatical role of the object being granted better than Sense 1 ("the trait").
    *   *Counter-argument*: "Degree of generosity". "Degree" usually measures a quality. "The degree of his anger" (trait). "The degree of his jumping" (act) - sounds wrong. "The degree of his generosity" - usually implies measuring the trait (how generous was he?). But here, "generosity" is the object of "grant".
    *   Let's look at similar WordNet examples.
    *   For Sense 1 (trait): "he was known for his generosity".
    *   For Sense 2 (act): "his generosity began to worry the committee". Here, the "generosity" refers to the specific act of giving money/resources.
    *   In the target sentence, "granting generosity" means bestowing the act of generosity (resources, rights, welcome).
    *   Thus, Sense 2 is the better fit because "generosity" is being used to denote the giving itself, not just the internal disposition. "Acting generously" covers the *act* of giving.

    *   Let's double check if Sense 1 could be the answer.
    *   If it were Sense 1: "The difference resides in the degree of [the trait of willingness], which one deigns to grant..."
    *   Does one grant a "degree of willingness"? No. One grants a "degree of leniency/kindness/aid". Leniency/Kindness/Aid are manifestations of the act of generosity.
    *   So, Sense 2 (acting generously) refers to the manifestation/act.

    *   Let's try to find the source of the sentence.
    *   It looks like a translation or philosophical text.
    *   "The only difference resides in the degree of generosity, which one deigns to grant to immigrants."
    *   If I say "I grant you generosity," I am performing the act.
    *   If I say "I grant you [money/time]," I am performing generosity.
    *   Here "generosity" itself is the thing granted.
    *   So, Sense 2.

    *   Wait, let me reconsider "degree".
    *   "The degree of generosity" -> How much generosity?
    *   If Sense 1 (Trait): "How much [trait]?" -> How willing are they?
    *   If Sense 2 (Act): "How much [acting generously]?" -> How much was given?
    *   "which one deigns to grant" -> This is the action.
    *   Who has the generosity? The "one" (the granter).
    *   If "one" grants "generosity" to immigrants.
    *   Does he grant his trait? No. He grants the *act* (the result of the trait).
    *   Therefore, Sense 2 is the intended meaning in this context.

    *   Let's check the definitions again.
    *   1. trait...
    *   2. acting generously...
    *   "His generosity was surprising" (The act of giving was surprising). Sense 2.
    *   "He is defined by his generosity" (The trait defines him). Sense 1.
    *   Sentence: "...grant to immigrants [generosity]".
    *   You grant an act/favor. You don't grant a trait.
    *   Conclusion: Sense 2.

    Let's do a sanity check.
    Is it possible "generosity" refers to the amount of money?
    "Generosity" can mean "a generous act" or "generous acts".
    Definition 2 says "acting generously". This aligns with the act.
    Definition 1 says "the trait".
    Context: granting it.
    You cannot grant a trait. You can only grant the act (the manifestation).
    So Sense 2 is correct.

    Final check:
    Sentence: The only difference resides in the degree of <t>generosity</t>, which one deigns to grant to immigrants.
    Senses:
    1. definition=the trait of being willing to give your money or time
    2. definition=acting generously

    Reasoning: You cannot "grant" a trait (sense 1). You grant a favor or an act of kindness (sense 2). The sentence talks about the *degree* of that act (how much kindness is granted).
    Therefore, correct sense is 2.

provider: DeepInfra


[User]
Which numbered sense of "program" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."

Senses:
1. definition=a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished | examples=they drew up a six-step plan
2. definition=a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need | examples=he proposed an elaborate program of public works
3. definition=a radio or television show | examples=did you see his program last night?
4. definition=a document stating the aims and principles of a political party | examples=their candidate simply ignored the party platform
5. definition=an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event | examples=you can't tell the players without a program
6. definition=an integrated course of academic studies | examples=he was admitted to a new program at the university
7. definition=(computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute | examples=the program required several hundred lines of code
8. definition=a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation | examples=the program lasted more than two hours

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target word: "program" (marked with <t></t>).
    *   Context sentence: "In his <t>program</t>, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration problem to be solved."
    *   Task: Identify the correct sense number from the provided list.
    *   Constraint: Return *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Context Sentence:**
    *   Subject: François Hollande (a French politician, former President).
    *   Action: He "confines himself to banalities" and speaks about "co-development" solving "immigration problems".
    *   Object: "In his program".
    *   Contextual clues: Political figure, policy topics (immigration, co-development), stating aims/ideas. This suggests a political context where a politician outlines their plans or platform.

3.  **Evaluate the Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1: "a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished" (e.g., plan).*
        *   Possible. A politician has a plan. But usually, when referring to a document or comprehensive set of policies belonging to a politician, there is a more specific term.
    *   *Sense 2: "a system of projects or services intended to meet a public need" (e.g., public works program).*
        *   Less likely. This usually refers to a specific government scheme (like a welfare program or infrastructure program), not the general collection of a politician's ideas.
    *   *Sense 3: "a radio or television show".*
        *   Incorrect. The sentence discusses policy content, not a media broadcast.
    *   *Sense 4: "a document stating the aims and principles of a political party" (or candidate).*
        *   Strong fit. François Hollande is a politician. The sentence discusses his ideas on immigration and development. In politics, a "program" often refers to the platform or manifesto containing the candidate's proposals. The example given is "their candidate simply ignored the party platform," which aligns well with the political nature of the sentence.
    *   *Sense 5: "an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event".*
        *   Incorrect. This is a brochure/schedule context.
    *   *Sense 6: "an integrated course of academic studies".*
        *   Incorrect. Hollande is not a student here, and the context is not university.
    *   *Sense 7: "(computer science) a sequence of instructions..."*
        *   Incorrect. Not a computing context.
    *   *Sense 8: "a performance (or series of performances) at a public presentation".*
        *   Incorrect. Not a concert or show.

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 4:**
    *   Sense 1 is a general "plan".
    *   Sense 4 is specifically political ("aims and principles of a political party").
    *   The sentence mentions François Hollande (a prominent socialist politician) and specific policy issues (immigration, co-development). In this context, "program" refers to his political platform or manifesto. While a platform is a series of steps (Sense 1), Sense 4 is the specific definition used in political science and general discourse regarding politicians' proposals. The word "platform" in the example for Sense 4 is a synonym often used for a political "program".

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 4 matches the political context of a candidate/party's statement of aims and principles.

6.  **Final Output Generation:** Return the number 4.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "problem" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved."

Senses:
1. definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | examples=she and her husband are having problems
2. definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. definition=a source of difficulty | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the input sentence:** "In his program, François Hollande confines himself to banalities, saying that co-development would allow our immigration <t>problem</t> to be solved."
    *   The key phrase is "immigration <t>problem</t>".
    *   The context suggests a difficult situation or issue regarding immigration that needs a solution (it says "to be solved").
    *   It's not a math problem or a specific question raised for a test (Sense 2).
    *   It is a broad issue or state of difficulty affecting a society or group (immigration).

2.  **Analyze Sense 1:** "definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | examples=she and her husband are having problems".
    *   Does "immigration problem" fit this? Yes. Immigration issues are states of difficulty (social, economic, political) that need resolving.
    *   The sentence explicitly mentions the problem being "solved," which aligns perfectly with "needs to be resolved."
    *   The example "she and her husband are having problems" refers to relationship troubles, which are states of difficulty. Similarly, an immigration problem is a state of difficulty for the country.

3.  **Analyze Sense 2:** "definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve".
    *   This usually refers to academic problems, math problems, or puzzles.
    *   While the word "solved" appears in the sentence, the context is political/social, not academic or abstract logic. This sense is too narrow and specific to tasks/homework.

4.  **Analyze Sense 3:** "definition=a source of difficulty | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job".
    *   This sense often functions to identify a specific cause or entity that creates trouble (e.g., "Money was the problem" or "The problem with this car is the engine").
    *   While immigration *is* a source of difficulty, Sense 1 ("a state of difficulty") captures the *situation* better. When people talk about "the immigration problem," they are referring to the complex situation/issue itself, not just the source. Sense 1 is the general definition of "problem" as an issue to be dealt with. Sense 3 is often synonymous with "trouble" or a specific cause.
    *   Let's compare Sense 1 and Sense 3 closely.
        *   Sense 1: A state of difficulty. Example: "We have a problem with the roof." (The situation is the problem).
        *   Sense 3: A source of difficulty. Example: "Poverty is a problem." (Poverty causes difficulty).
    *   In WordNet (which these senses likely derive from), Sense 1 is the primary definition ("a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved"). Sense 3 is often "trouble" or "a source of difficulty."
    *   The phrase "immigration problem" refers to the *issue* of immigration—the state of affairs that is difficult and needs solving.
    *   Most WSD (Word Sense Disambiguation) datasets treat the "issue/situation" meaning as Sense 1.
    *   Sense 3 examples like "one trouble after another" suggest a sequence of events causing delay/harm, often synonymous with "mishap" or "trouble."
    *   The sentence says "allow our immigration problem to be solved." We solve a state of difficulty (Sense 1). We address a source of difficulty (Sense 3 is slightly less precise here, but often synonymous). However, Sense 1 is the standard definition for a problem as an issue requiring a solution.

5.  **Confirming Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
    *   Sentence: "...immigration problem to be solved."
    *   Match: High. The problem is a situation (immigration issues) that needs resolution.

6.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1 is the best fit. It describes a difficult situation (immigration) that requires a solution.

7.  **Output Format:** "Return only the number of the correct sense." -> "1".


[User]
Which numbered sense of "notion" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Senses:
1. definition=a vague idea in which some confidence is placed | examples=his impression of her was favorable
2. definition=a general inclusive concept
3. definition=an odd or fanciful or capricious idea | examples=the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories
4. definition=(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items | examples=buttons and needles are notions

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target word: "notion".
    *   Context sentence: "This <t>notion</t> of immigration being a burden and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."
    *   Task: Identify the correct sense number from the provided list.
    *   Constraint: Return *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Sentence Context:**
    *   "This notion of immigration being a burden and a problem..."
    *   The sentence is discussing an *idea* or *belief* held by some people (specifically a negative view of immigration).
    *   It describes this "notion" as something that might help in elections ("electoral asset") but hurts the economy ("economically very costly").
    *   This implies "notion" here refers to a belief, a conception, or a view held by a group of people. It's a specific idea or proposition being discussed.

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed" | examples: "his impression of her was favorable".
        *   *Analysis:* Does "notion" here mean a vague idea? The sentence says "This notion of immigration being a burden...". This isn't just a vague impression; it's a formulated political stance or a specific conception/idea. However, "notion" often overlaps with "idea" or "belief". Let's compare with Sense 2.
    *   **Sense 2:** "a general inclusive concept".
        *   *Analysis:* This usually refers to a category or a broad understanding of something (e.g., the notion of justice, the notion of freedom). "Immigration being a burden" is a specific proposition or belief, not necessarily a "general inclusive concept" in the philosophical sense, but it is an *idea* or *concept* being proposed.
    *   **Sense 3:** "an odd or fanciful or capricious idea".
        *   *Analysis:* The sentence discusses a serious political topic. It's not presented as a "fanciful" or "whimsical" idea in the way Sense 3 implies (like the theatrical disguise example). The speaker treats it seriously (economically costly). So, this is incorrect.
    *   **Sense 4:** "(usually plural) small personal articles or clothing or sewing items".
        *   *Analysis:* This is clearly the wrong part of speech/context (sewing supplies). The sentence uses "notion" as an abstract noun.

4.  **Distinguish between Sense 1 and Sense 2:**
    *   Let's look closer at the definitions provided by WordNet (which this looks like).
    *   Sense 1 usually maps to: impression, feeling, belief. It often implies something subjective or mental. "I have a notion to leave." "His notion of the situation was wrong."
    *   Sense 2 usually maps to: concept, conception, construct. "The notion of a tree."
    *   The sentence says: "This notion of immigration being a burden..."
    *   Is it a vague idea/impression (Sense 1) or a concept/conception (Sense 2)?
    *   Actually, let's look at how WordNet structures these.
        *   S: (n) notion (a vague idea in which some confidence is placed) -> "his impression of her was favorable". This is often used for "a notion that..."
        *   S: (n) notion, concept, conception, construct (an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances).
    *   Wait, the provided definition for Sense 2 in the prompt is "a general inclusive concept".
    *   Let's re-evaluate the sentence meaning. "This notion of immigration being a burden..." is a specific belief or proposition.
    *   Often, dictionaries classify "a notion that..." or "the notion of X being Y" under the definition of "a belief or opinion" or "an idea or concept".
    *   Sense 1 ("vague idea") fits "impression".
    *   Sense 2 ("general inclusive concept") fits "the concept of democracy".
    *   Is "immigration being a burden" a "general inclusive concept"? Not really. It's a specific hypothesis or belief held by people. It's a *view*.
    *   Let's check typical WordNet entries for this context.
    *   WordNet 3.0:
        1. notion -- (a vague idea in which some confidence is placed; "his impression of her was favorable"; "what are your feelings?"; "he had a feeling that she was angry")
        2. notion, whimsy, whim -- ((usually plural) a fancy; a fondness or caprice; "he had a whimsy about flying"; "the theatrical notion of disguise is associated in his stories with disaster")
        3. notion -- (an odd or fanciful or capricious idea; "the theatrical notion of disguise is associated in his stories with disaster") -- Wait, the prompt splits whimsy/fancy differently.
    *   Let's stick strictly to the definitions *provided in the prompt*.

    *   **Prompt Sense 1:** "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed". Example: "his impression of her was favorable".
        *   Does the sentence fit? The sentence describes a belief ("immigration being a burden") that people place confidence in (since it is an "electoral asset"). It implies a mental acceptance or an opinion.
    *   **Prompt Sense 2:** "a general inclusive concept".
        *   Does the sentence fit? Is "immigration is a burden" a general inclusive concept? No, that sounds like a specific proposition. "The concept of supply and demand" is a general concept. "The notion of gravity" is a concept. "The notion that immigration is a burden" is a specific belief/idea.

    *   *Correction/Refinement:* Some dictionaries (like Collins or Oxford) might group "belief/opinion" separately from "concept". However, based on the specific list provided:
    *   Sense 1 focuses on "vague idea" and "impression/feeling". While "immigration is a burden" isn't necessarily "vague" (it's a specific political stance), Sense 2 ("general inclusive concept") is a very poor fit. A "general inclusive concept" is usually a category like "freedom", "time", or "number". A specific political claim (immigration = burden) is much closer to an "idea" or "belief".
    *   Many WordNet-based tools assign Sense 1 to instances where "notion" means "idea", "belief", or "view".
    *   Let's check if there is a "belief" sense in standard WordNet. Standard WordNet Sense 1 is "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed". This includes "opinion" or "belief". The phrase "confidence is placed" strongly supports the idea of a belief system. People *believe* immigration is a burden. Therefore, Sense 1 is the best match among the options, even if "vague" seems slightly off for a detailed policy position (it's not that vague if it's a platform). However, Sense 2 is definitely wrong because it's not a "general inclusive concept" (like a category of thought), but rather a specific contention.

    *   *Alternative interpretation of Sense 2:* Some might argue it's a "concept" in the sense of "conception". "The conception of immigration as a burden." But Sense 2 says "general inclusive concept". "Immigration being a burden" is a specific claim, not a general inclusive category.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the intended answer. It captures the mental state/idea/belief aspect.

    *   Let's double check Sense 3. "Fanciful or capricious idea". The prompt example is "theatrical notion of disguise". The sentence is political and economic, not fanciful.
    *   Sense 4 is sewing items.

    *   *Comparison 1 vs 2:*
        *   Context: "The notion that X is Y".
        *   This construction usually maps to WordNet Sense 1 (an idea, belief, or opinion).
        *   Sense 2 is for "The notion of X" (where X is a principle, e.g., "The notion of individual liberty").
        *   Here, it's "This notion of immigration being a burden". This is a claim/belief.
        *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct classification in WordNet contexts for this usage.

5.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Sentence: "This notion of immigration being a burden..."
    *   Meaning: This belief/idea/view.
    *   Sense 1: "a vague idea in which some confidence is placed". Matches "belief/idea".
    *   Sense 2: "a general inclusive concept". Mismatch. "Immigration is a burden" is not a "general inclusive concept" like "infinity".
    *   Sense 3: "fanciful idea". Mismatch.
    *   Sense 4: "sewing items". Mismatch.

    *   Result: Sense 1.

provider: Friendli


[User]
Which numbered sense of "burden" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Senses:
1. definition=an onerous or difficult concern | examples=the burden of responsibility
2. definition=weight to be borne or conveyed
3. definition=the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work
4. definition=the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target word: "burden" (enclosed in `<t></t>`).
    *   Context sentence: "This notion of immigration being a <t>burden</t> and a problem, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."
    *   Task: Identify the correct sense number from the provided list.
    *   Constraint: Return *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Context Sentence:**
    *   The sentence discusses immigration.
    *   It characterizes immigration as a "burden" and a "problem".
    *   It contrasts this "burden" with being an "electoral asset" but notes it is "economically very costly".
    *   The usage is metaphorical/abstract. Immigration itself isn't a physical weight being carried, but a situation causing difficulty or strain (economic cost, social issues).

3.  **Analyze the Provided Senses:**
    *   *Sense 1:* "an onerous or difficult concern".
        *   Keywords: onerous, difficult, concern.
        *   Examples: "the burden of responsibility".
        *   Fit: Does immigration being a "burden" fit "an onerous or difficult concern"? Yes. It implies it's a problem, a strain on resources (economically costly), and a heavy issue to deal with.
    *   *Sense 2:* "weight to be borne or conveyed".
        *   Keywords: weight, physical.
        *   Fit: Is immigration a physical weight? No. This is the literal sense (like a heavy load on a truck).
    *   *Sense 3:* "the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work".
        *   Keywords: central meaning, theme, speech, literary work.
        *   Fit: Is immigration the theme of a speech here? No, the sentence is about a political/economic concept, not analyzing the theme of a poem.
    *   *Sense 4:* "the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse".
        *   Keywords: central idea, expanded, document.
        *   Fit: Similar to sense 3, but more about the main point. While immigration is the topic, the word "burden" describes *what immigration is perceived as*, not the main idea of the sentence itself (the main idea of the sentence is about the political vs economic impact).

4.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   Sense 1 describes something that is a "problem" or "concern" (matching "problem" in the text) and causes difficulty or cost ("economically very costly").
    *   The phrase "burden and a problem" uses parallel structure, suggesting "burden" is synonymous or related to "problem" or "difficulty".
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct match.

5.  **Final Output Formatting:**
    *   The user requested "Return only the number of the correct sense."
    *   The number is 1.

6.  **Double Check:**
    *   Sentence: "immigration being a burden" -> immigration is a difficult concern.
    *   Definition 1: "onerous or difficult concern".
    *   Match confirmed.

provider: AtlasCloud


[User]
Which numbered sense of "problem" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly.

Senses:
1. definition=a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved | examples=she and her husband are having problems
2. definition=a question raised for consideration or solution | examples=our homework consisted of ten problems to solve
3. definition=a source of difficulty | examples=one trouble after another delayed the job

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "problem" from a provided list, based on a specific sentence context. The output must be *only* the number of the correct sense.

2.  **Analyze the Sentence:** "This notion of immigration being a burden and a <t>problem</t>, may be an electoral asset, but it is economically very costly."
    *   Context: The sentence discusses the concept of immigration.
    *   Usage: Immigration is described as a "burden and a problem".
    *   Meaning: Here, "problem" refers to something negative, an issue, a source of trouble, or a difficulty that causes costs or complications. It is not a specific math question (Sense 2) or necessarily a specific difficulty to be resolved by a specific person (Sense 1), though Sense 1 is close. It's a general source of difficulty/trouble.

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** "a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved".
        *   Example: "she and her husband are having problems".
        *   Fit: This usually refers to a situation or condition. Immigration being a "problem" fits the idea of a difficult situation. However, look at the structure. It's paired with "burden". A burden is a source of difficulty/load. Is it a *state* of difficulty? Or is it a *source* of difficulty?
    *   **Sense 2:** "a question raised for consideration or solution".
        *   Example: "our homework consisted of ten problems to solve".
        *   Fit: This is clearly for academic or puzzle contexts. Immigration isn't a math problem here. Discard Sense 2.
    *   **Sense 3:** "a source of difficulty".
        *   Example: "one trouble after another delayed the job".
        *   Fit: "Immigration being a ... problem". The sentence says this notion is "economically very costly". If something is a source of difficulty, it causes trouble/cost. "Burden" and "problem" are synonymous in this context as sources of trouble.
        *   Comparison (Sense 1 vs Sense 3):
            *   Sense 1 ("state of difficulty"): Often used for personal or specific situations ("We have a problem with the car").
            *   Sense 3 ("source of difficulty"): Often used to identify the *thing* causing the trouble ("Drinking is a problem"). "Immigration is a problem" implies it is the *source* of the difficulty (economic cost, social tension, etc.).
            *   Let's look at the examples again.
                *   Sense 1 Ex: "she and her husband are having problems" (the situation of their relationship is the problem/state).
                *   Sense 3 Ex: "one trouble after another delayed the job" (the specific events were the source).
            *   In the target sentence: "immigration being a ... problem". Immigration is the entity/phenomenon. It is viewed as a *source* of difficulty (economically costly). It fits the pattern "X is a problem" where X causes issues.
            *   However, Sense 1 is also a strong contender in general usage. "We have a problem" vs "This is a problem".
            *   Let's look at WordNet or similar dictionary definitions usually associated with these numbered senses (often from WordNet).
                *   WordNet 1: a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved. "she and her husband are having problems"; "urban problems such as traffic congestion".
                *   WordNet 3: a source of difficulty. "one trouble after another delayed the job"; "he was a trouble to her".
            *   The phrase "immigration being a ... problem" aligns well with "urban problems" (Sense 1) or "he was a trouble" (Sense 3).
            *   Key distinction: Is it a state or a source?
            *   "Immigration being a burden and a problem". A "burden" is a load/source of difficulty. This parallelism suggests Sense 3.
            *   Let's re-read Sense 1. "A state of difficulty". Is immigration a *state*? Immigration is a phenomenon. The *situation* resulting from immigration is a state of difficulty.
            *   Let's re-read Sense 3. "A source of difficulty". Immigration causes economic costs. Therefore, it is a source of difficulty.
            *   Let's look at the example for Sense 1 again: "she and her husband are having problems". This refers to the existence of the problems themselves.
            *   Let's look at the example for Sense 3 again: "one trouble after another". These are sources of the delay.
            *   Usually, in WordNet based WSD (Word Sense Disambiguation) tasks:
                *   Sense 1 (state) is the most hypernym/general usage.
                *   Sense 3 (source) specifically identifies the entity as the cause.
            *   Sentence: "This notion of immigration being a ... problem".
            *   The sentence says the notion implies immigration *is* a problem (source of difficulty), rather than immigration *has* problems (state).
            *   "X is a problem" usually maps to "source of difficulty". (e.g., "Poverty is a problem").
            *   "X has problems" usually maps to "state of difficulty". (e.g., "The economy has problems").
            *   Here, Immigration IS the problem. It is the thing causing the cost. This points strongly to Sense 3.

4.  **Double Check:**
    *   Sentence: "immigration being a ... problem".
    *   Predicate: "is economically very costly". This confirms it is the cause/source of the negative outcome.
    *   Sense 3 definition: "a source of difficulty".
    *   Match: Excellent.

    *   Let's check Sense 1 again just to be safe. If I say "The problem of immigration", it could be Sense 1. But here it says "Immigration... [is] a problem".
    *   Compare: "Heart disease is a problem." (Source of ill health). "I have a problem with my heart." (State of difficulty).
    *   The sentence structure "Immigration being a ... problem" equates the noun 'Immigration' to 'problem'. Immigration is the source of the difficulty (economic cost).

    Therefore, Sense 3 is the most precise fit among the options provided.

5.  **Final Selection:** Sense 3.

    *   Output constraint: Return only the number.

    Result: 3


[User]
Which numbered sense of "book" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics
2. definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop
3. definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'
4. definition=a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance
5. definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded | examples=they got a subpoena to examine our books
6. definition=a collection of playing cards satisfying the rules of a card game
7. definition=a collection of rules or prescribed standards on the basis of which decisions are made | examples=they run things by the book around here
8. definition=the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina
9. definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions | examples=he went to carry the Word to the heathen
10. definition=a major division of a long written composition | examples=the book of Isaiah
11. definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together on one edge | examples=he bought a book of stamps

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target word: "book" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence: "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration..."
    *   Task: Identify the correct sense number from the provided list.
    *   Constraint: Return *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Context in the Sentence:**
    *   "...remind us in a recent <t>book</t> summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration..."
    *   The authors (Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron) are being referenced.
    *   There is a specific title mentioned: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   The function of the object is to contain information, arguments, and knowledge. It is a "written work".

3.  **Evaluate the Senses:**

    *   *Sense 1:* "definition=a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together) | examples=I am reading a good book on economics"
        *   Analysis: This fits perfectly. The sentence refers to a specific published work with a title, authored by economists, containing knowledge. The example "reading a good book on economics" is very close to the context of a book on immigration/economics.

    *   *Sense 2:* "definition=physical objects consisting of a number of pages bound together | examples=he used a large book as a doorstop"
        *   Analysis: This focuses on the physicality (used as a doorstop). While the book in the sentence is physical, the emphasis is on the *content* (summarising knowledge), not the object's mass or physical properties.

    *   *Sense 3:* "definition=a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone | examples=Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'"
        *   Analysis: This is close semantically to the *content* of the book described (it summarizes knowledge), but "book" usually refers to the item itself (Sense 1) rather than just the abstract concept of a "record" or "dossier" in this specific context. Sense 1 is the standard definition of a published volume. Sense 3 usually refers to "the book" on someone (like a rap sheet or detailed history) or "the record", often used idiomatically. The specific citation of a title ("Exceptional People...") strongly points to Sense 1 (a published written work).

    *   *Sense 4:* "definition=a written version of a play..."
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. It's not a play script.

    *   *Sense 5:* "definition=a record in which commercial accounts are recorded..."
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. It's not a ledger.

    *   *Sense 6:* "definition=a collection of playing cards..."
        *   Analysis: Incorrect.

    *   *Sense 7:* "definition=a collection of rules..."
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. Not used idiomatically ("by the book").

    *   *Sense 8:* "definition=the sacred writings of Islam..."
        *   Analysis: Incorrect.

    *   *Sense 9:* "definition=the sacred writings of the Christian religions..."
        *   Analysis: Incorrect.

    *   *Sense 10:* "definition=a major division of a long written composition..."
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. It refers to the whole work, not a chapter/section.

    *   *Sense 11:* "definition=a number of sheets (ticket or stamps etc.) bound together..."
        *   Analysis: Incorrect. Not a book of stamps.

4.  **Refining the choice between Sense 1 and Sense 3:**
    *   The sentence mentions a specific title: "Exceptional People...".
    *   It refers to authors: "Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron".
    *   It describes the object as "summarising the most recent knowledge".
    *   Sense 1 is the standard definition for a non-fiction published work (e.g., a book on economics/immigration).
    *   Sense 3 is often synonymous with "record" or "dossier" (e.g., "The book on him is clean"). While a non-fiction book *is* a compilation of facts, the primary sense in English when citing a specific title is Sense 1.
    *   Let's check the example for Sense 1: "I am reading a good book on economics". The sentence refers to a book on immigration by economists. This aligns almost exactly with Sense 1.

5.  **Conclusion:** Sense 1 is the correct answer.

6.  **Final Output Formulation:** The user requested *only* the number.
    *   Answer: 1


[User]
Which numbered sense of "immigration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)
2. definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target word: "immigration" (marked with `<t></t>`).
    *   Sentence context: "...summarising the most recent knowledge of <t>immigration</t> ... there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows..."
    *   Senses provided:
        1.  definition=migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)
        2.  definition=the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval | examples=the increased immigration strengthened the colony
    *   Task: Identify the correct sense number and return *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Sentence Context:**
    *   The phrase is "summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration".
    *   Later context mentions "positive impact of migration flows".
    *   The authors wrote a book about "How Migration Shaped Our World". The title mentions "Exceptional People".
    *   The context discusses the *concept* or *phenomenon* of people moving into a country to settle. It refers to knowledge *about* this phenomenon.

3.  **Analyze Sense 1:**
    *   Definition: "migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there)"
    *   Fit: Does the sentence refer to the act/process of migrating into a place? Yes. The book summarizes knowledge about the phenomenon/process of immigration. The discussion about economic growth, wages, and employment relates to the process and its effects.

4.  **Analyze Sense 2:**
    *   Definition: "the body of immigrants arriving during a specified interval"
    *   Examples: "the increased immigration strengthened the colony"
    *   Fit: Does the sentence refer to a specific group or body of people arriving in a specific interval? The sentence talks about "knowledge of immigration". While knowledge could apply to a specific group, the context "migration flows" (plural) and the general academic book title suggests the subject is the general phenomenon or concept, not a specific batch of people arriving at a specific time. Sense 2 is usually countable or refers to the collective noun for a specific arrival group (e.g., "that year's immigration"). Here, it's the abstract concept.

5.  **Compare and Decide:**
    *   Sense 1 is the general concept/process.
    *   Sense 2 is a specific collective group or instance of arrival.
    *   The sentence discusses "knowledge of immigration" as a subject of study (like a textbook or academic overview). This aligns with the definition of the process/concept (Sense 1).
    *   Example check: "Knowledge of the body of immigrants arriving" vs "Knowledge of the process of migration". The latter fits the academic context better.

6.  **Final Selection:** Sense 1.

7.  **Output Formatting:** Return only the number. "1".

provider: Phala


[User]
Which numbered sense of "people" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people
2. definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | examples=the Spanish people
3. definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations
4. definition=the common people generally | examples=separate the warriors from the mass

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:**
    *   Target sentence: "As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional <t>People</t>: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."
    *   Target word: "People" in the book title "Exceptional People".
    *   Task: Select the correct sense number from the provided list.
    *   Constraint: Return *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Context:**
    *   The phrase is a book title: "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
    *   The book is about immigration/migration.
    *   The title suggests that migrants are "exceptional people" or that humanity in general is defined by migration.
    *   Looking at the subtitle: "How Migration Shaped Our World...".
    *   Who migrates? Human beings. Individuals.
    *   The title refers to humans (migrants) who have specific qualities (being exceptional).

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   **Sense 1:** definition=(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively | examples=old people.
        *   Does this fit? "Exceptional People". This refers to a group of human beings (specifically migrants in this context, or humans in general characterized by migration). It fits the general plural definition of "people" as human beings.
    *   **Sense 2:** definition=the body of citizens of a state or country | examples=the Spanish people.
        *   Does this fit? The book is about *migration* (people moving across borders). Calling them "Exceptional People" doesn't refer to the citizenry of a specific state (like "The American people"). It refers to the humans moving or the collective of humans. Sense 2 is too specific to nationality/citizenship of a specific place.
    *   **Sense 3:** definition=members of a family line | examples=his people have been farmers for generations.
        *   Does this fit? No. The book is not about a specific family lineage.
    *   **Sense 4:** definition=the common people generally | examples=separate the warriors from the mass.
        *   Does this fit? "The common people" usually implies "the masses" or "the proletariat" vs the elite. While migrants might be common people, the title "Exceptional People" suggests they are special or noteworthy, contrasting with the generic "common people". Furthermore, the context is about humanity/migrants in general, not necessarily "commoners" versus "nobility". However, Sense 4 is often synonymous with "the populace" or "the masses". Does "Exceptional People" mean "Exceptional Commoners"? Unlikely. It means "Exceptional Human Beings".

4.  **Compare Sense 1 and Sense 4 (and Sense 2):**
    *   Sense 1 is the general plural of "person". "Old people", "happy people", "exceptional people". This seems the most direct fit. Migrants are a group of human beings. The title refers to them as exceptional.
    *   Sense 2 focuses on citizenship ("the body of citizens of a state"). Migrants are often not citizens of the destination country yet. The book is about the *global* phenomenon. Sense 2 is incorrect.
    *   Sense 4 refers to "the common people generally" (often contrasted with elites). The title implies these people are "exceptional" (out of the ordinary). While one could argue they are part of the masses, the primary meaning here is just "humans". If I say "Exceptional People", I am describing a group of humans. Sense 1 covers "any group of human beings... collectively".
    *   Let's look at standard dictionary definitions (WordNet is usually the source for these specific formatted definitions).
        *   WordNet 3.1:
            *   1: (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively; "old people"; "there were at least 200 people in the audience".
            *   2: the body of citizens of a state or country; "the Spanish people".
            *   3: members of a family line; "his people have been farmers for generations".
            *   4: the common people generally; "separate the warriors from the mass"; "power to the people".
    *   In the book title "Exceptional People", the authors argue that migrants are exceptional individuals who drive progress. The word "people" is the plural of person.
    *   Sense 1 is the "catch-all" for the plural of person.
    *   Sense 4 is "the masses" (plural noun, usually takes "the"). "The people". In "Exceptional People", there is no "the". It functions as an adjective-noun pair describing a group of humans.
    *   Therefore, Sense 1 is the correct categorization.

5.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Sentence context: Book title referring to migrants/humans.
    *   Sense 1: "any group of human beings". Fits perfectly. Migrants are a group of human beings.
    *   Sense 2: "citizens of a state". Incorrect context for migration/global scope.
    *   Sense 3: "family line". Incorrect.
    *   Sense 4: "common people/masses". Incorrect nuance; "Exceptional" modifies "people", and "people" here carries the basic definition of human beings, not the sociological class of "the masses".

6.  **Result:** Sense 1.


[User]
Which numbered sense of "migration" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How <t>Migration</t> Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=the movement of persons from one country or locality to another
2. definition=a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)
3. definition=(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule
4. definition=the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding

reasoning_content:
1.  **Analyze the Request:** The user wants to identify the correct sense of the word "migration" (marked with `<t></t>`) from a provided list of four senses, based on a specific sentence context. I need to return *only* the number.

2.  **Analyze the Sentence:**
    *   Context: "Exceptional People: How <t>Migration</t> Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future..."
    *   Surrounding context: "summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration", "positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants."
    *   Key concepts: Immigration, countries, economic growth, wages, employment, admitting immigrants.
    *   Subject: The book title refers to how "Migration" shaped the world. The content discusses people moving between countries ("admit immigrants").

3.  **Analyze the Senses:**
    *   Sense 1: "the movement of persons from one country or locality to another".
        *   Matches the context of people moving (immigrants) and shaping the world/demographics/economy.
    *   Sense 2: "a group of people migrating together (especially in some given time period)".
        *   While migration involves groups, the word "Migration" in the book title refers to the *concept* or *phenomenon* of movement, not a specific group at a specific time (e.g., "The migration of 1848"). The sentence speaks of "migration flows" generally.
    *   Sense 3: "(chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule".
        *   Incorrect. The context is about economics, books, and people, not chemistry.
    *   Sense 4: "the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from one region to another for feeding or breeding".
        *   Incorrect. The context mentions "immigrants" and "economists", not birds or fish.

4.  **Compare and Select:**
    *   The sentence discusses "immigration", "economists", "countries", and "employment". This clearly points to human movement.
    *   Sense 1 defines the movement of persons. This fits perfectly.
    *   Sense 2 is a count noun usage (a migration), whereas the text uses it as an abstract concept/phenomenon. Furthermore, Sense 1 covers the general phenomenon described in the book title and the subsequent discussion on flows and economic impact.

5.  **Final Verification:**
    *   Text: "How Migration Shaped Our World" -> The movement of people.
    *   Text: "immigration" -> Movement of people into a country.
    *   Sense 1: Movement of persons from one country/locality to another.
    *   Match: Yes.

6.  **Formulate Output:** The user requested "Return only the number of the correct sense."
    *   The number is 1.

provider: Parasail


[User]
Which numbered sense of "future" (marked with <t></t>) is used in the sentence below? Return only the number of the correct sense.

Sentence: As the economists Ian Goldin and Geoffrey Cameron, remind us in a recent book summarising the most recent knowledge of immigration (Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our <t>Future</t>, mai 2011, Princeton University Press, 352 pp.), there is wide consensus among specialists on the positive impact of migration flows on economic growth, wages and employment in countries, which admit immigrants.

Senses:
1. definition=the time yet to come
2. definition=a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the future
3. definition=bulk commodities bought or sold at an agreed price for delivery at a specified future date

reasoning_content:
The sentence uses the word "future" in the title "Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future".
Here, "Future" refers to the time yet to come, as opposed to the past ("Shaped Our World").
Sense 1 is "the time yet to come".
Sense 2 is a verb tense.
Sense 3 is related to bulk commodities (futures trading).
Therefore, the correct sense is 1.

provider: SiliconFlow